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diff --git a/old/62704-h/62704-h.htm b/old/62704-h/62704-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 8ae6265..0000000 --- a/old/62704-h/62704-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,62377 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Natural History of Pliny, Volume VI., by Pliny the Elder. - </title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1 {font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.5em; - text-align: center; - clear: both; - page-break-before: always; -} - - h2 {font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.1em; - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - - h3 {font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.0em; - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - - h2.nobreak - { - page-break-before: avoid; - padding-top: 0;} - - h3.nobreak - { - page-break-before: avoid; - padding-top: 0;} - -p { - text-indent: 1em; - margin-top: .51em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .49em; -} - -p.indent { - margin-top: 0em; - text-align: left; - margin-bottom: 0em; - text-indent: -1em; margin-left: 1em; -} - -hr.tb {width: 20%; - margin-left: 40%; - margin-right: 40%; - clear: both; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em;} - -hr.chap {width: 40%; - margin-left: 30%; - margin-right: 30%; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - clear: both;} - -ul.index { list-style-type: none; } -li.ifrst { margin-top: 1em; text-indent: -1em; margin-left: 1em;} -li.indx { margin-top: .5em; text-indent: -1em; margin-left: 1em;} -li.isub1 {text-indent: -1em; margin-left: 3em;} - -table { - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; -} - -table.my100 {border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: auto; -margin-left: 1%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; -font-size: 100%;} - - .tdl {text-align: left;} - .tdr {text-align: right;} - .tdc {text-align: center;} - -.center table { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} - - .inblk { - text-indent: -1em; - padding-left: 1em; - display: inline-block; - text-align: left } - - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; -} /* page numbers */ - -.small {font-size: 90%;} -.smaller {font-size: 80%;} -.smallest {font-size: 70%;} - -.large {font-size: 110%;} -.larger {font-size: 120%;} -.largest {font-size: 150%;} - -.lowercase {text-transform: lowercase;} - -.padt1 {padding-top: 1em;} - -.padt2 {padding-top: 2em;} - -.padb1 {padding-bottom: 1em;} - -.padrone {padding-right: 1em;} - -.padlone {padding-left: 1em;} - -.vertb {vertical-align: bottom;} - -.vertt {vertical-align: top;} - -.noindent {text-indent: 0;} - -/* Poetry */ - -.poetry-container {text-align: center; font-size: 1em;} - -.poetry {display: inline-block; text-align: left;} - -.poetry .stanza {margin: 0em 0em 1em 0em;} - -.poetry .line {margin-left: 0em; text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em;} - -.center {text-align: center;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -.chapter {page-break-before: always;} - -.section {page-break-before: always;} - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - -/* Footnotes */ - -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - margin-top: 1em; - font-size: 0.9em;} - -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: - none; -} - -a.ext {border-bottom: thin solid blue;} - -.covernote {visibility: hidden; display: none;} - -@media handheld { - .covernote {visibility: visible; display: block;} - } - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 6 of 6, by -Pliny the Elder - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 6 of 6 - by Pliny, the Elder - -Author: Pliny the Elder - -Translator: John Bostock - Henry T. Riley - -Release Date: July 19, 2020 [EBook #62704] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PLINY, THE ELDER *** - - - - -Produced by Turgut Dincer, Mr. Franco Sogliani, Brian -Wilcox and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="transnote covernote"> - <p>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> -</div> - -<h1><span class="smaller">THE</span><br /> - -<span class="larger">NATURAL HISTORY</span><br /> - -<span class="smallest">OF</span><br /> - -<span class="largest">PLINY.</span></h1> - -<p class="center"><span class="smaller">TRANSLATED,</span><br /> -<br /> -WITH COPIOUS NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS</p> - -<h2><span class="smaller">BY THE LATE</span><br /> -<br /> -JOHN BOSTOCK, M.D., F.R.S.,<br /> -<br /> -<span class="smaller">AND</span><br /> -<br /> -H. T. RILEY, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span>, B.A.,<br /> -<span class="smaller">LATE SCHOLAR OF CLARE HALL, CAMBRIDGE.</span></h2> - -<p class="center larger padt1 padb1">VOL. VI.</p> - -<p class="center large">WITH GENERAL INDEX.</p> - -<p class="center">LONDON:<br /> -HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.<br /> -<span class="small">MDCCCLVII.</span></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - - -<h2 id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS<br /> -<br /> -<span class="smallest">OF THE SIXTH VOLUME.</span></h2></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="my100" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" summary="toc"> -<tr> -<td class="tdc larger padt1 padb1" colspan="3">BOOK XXXII.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3">REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl small"><span class="smcap">Chap.</span></td> -<td> </td> -<td class="tdr small">Page</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">1.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The power of Nature as manifested in antipathies. The -echeneïs: two remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_1">1</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">2.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The torpedo: nine remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_2">4</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">3.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The sea-hare: five remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_3"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">4.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Marvels of the Red Sea</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_4">5</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">5.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The instincts of fishes</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_5">6</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">6.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Marvellous properties belonging to certain fishes</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_6">8</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">7.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Places where fish eat from the hand</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_7"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">8.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Places where fish recognize the human voice. Oracular responses -given by fish</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_8"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">9.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Places where bitter fish are found, salt, or sweet</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_9">9</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">10.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">When sea-fish were first eaten by the people of Rome. The -ordinance of King Numa as to fish</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_10">10</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">11.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Coral: forty-three remedies and observations</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_11"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">12.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The antipathies and sympathies which exist between certain -objects. The hatreds manifested by certain aquatic animals. -The pastinaca: eight remedies. The galeos: fifteen -remedies. The sur-mullet: fifteen remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_12">12</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">13.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Amphibious animals. Castoreum: sixty-six remedies and -observations</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13">13</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">14.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The tortoise: sixty-six remedies and observations</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_14">15</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">15.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies derived from the aquatic animals, classified according -to the respective diseases</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_15">18</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">16.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for poisons, and for noxious spells. The dorade: -four remedies. The sea-star: seven remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_16">19</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">17.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for the stings of serpents, for the bites of dogs, -and for injuries indicted by venomous animals. The sea-dragon: -three remedies. Twenty-five remedies derived -from salted fish. The sarda: one remedy. Eleven remedies -derived from cybium</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_17">20</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_iv">iv</a></span> -18.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The sea-frog: six remedies. The river-frog: fifty-two remedies. -The bramble-frog: one remedy. Thirty-two observations -on these animals</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_18">21</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">19.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The enhydris: six remedies. The river-crab: fourteen remedies. -The sea-crab: seven remedies. The river-snail: -seven remedies. The coracinus: four remedies. The sea-pig: -two remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_19">23</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">20.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The sea-calf: ten remedies. The muræna: one remedy. The -hippocampus: nine remedies. The sea-urchin: eleven -remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_20">24</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">21.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The various kinds of oysters: fifty-eight remedies and observations. -Purples: nine remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_21">25</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">22.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sea-weed: two remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_22">28</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">23.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for alopecy, change of colour in the hair, and ulcerations -of the head. The sea-mouse: two remedies. The -sea-scorpion: twelve remedies. The leech: seven remedies. -The murex: thirteen remedies. The conchylium: five -remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_23">29</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">24.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for diseases of the eyes and eyelids. Two remedies -derived from the fat of fishes. The callionymus: three remedies. -The gall of the coracinus: one remedy. The -sæpia: twenty-four remedies. Ichthyocolla: five remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">25.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for diseases of the ears. The batia: one remedy. -The bacchus or myxon: two remedies. The sea-louse: two -remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_25">33</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">26.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for tooth-ache. The dog-fish: four remedies. -Whale’s flesh</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_26">34</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">27.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for lichens, and for spots upon the face. The dolphin: -nine remedies. Coluthia or coryphia: three remedies. -Halcyoneum: seven remedies. The tunny: five -remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_27">35</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">28.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for scrofula, imposthumes of the parotid glands, -quinzy, and diseases of the fauces. The mæna; thirteen -remedies. The sea-scolopendra: two remedies. The saurus: -one remedy. Shell-fish: one remedy. The silurus: fifteen -remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_28">37</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">29.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for cough and diseases of the chest</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_29">38</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">30.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for pains in the liver and side. The elongated -conch: six remedies. The tethea: five remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_30">39</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">31.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for diseases of the bowels. Sea-wort: one remedy -The myax: twenty-five remedies. The mitulus: eight -remedies. Pelorides: one remedy. Seriphum: two remedies. -The erythinus: two remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_31"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">32.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for diseases of the spleen, for urinary calculi, and for -affections of the bladder. The sole: one remedy. The -turbot: one remedy. The blendius: one remedy. The -sea-nettle; seven remedies. The pulmo marinus: six remedies. -Onyches: four remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_32">42</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">33.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for intestinal hernia, and for diseases of the rectum. -The water-snake: one remedy. The hydrus: one remedy. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_v">v</a></span>The mullet: one remedy. The pelamis: three remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_33">44</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">34.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for inflamed tumours, and for diseases of the generative -organs. The sciæna: one remedy. The perch: four -remedies. The squatina: three remedies. The smaris: -three remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_34"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">35.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for incontinence of urine. The ophidion: one -remedy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_35">46</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">36.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for gout, and for pains in the feet. The beaver: -four remedies. Bryon: one remedy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_36"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">37.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for epilepsy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_37">47</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">38.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for fevers. The fish called asellus: one remedy. -The phagrus: one remedy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_38"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">39.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for lethargy, cachexy, and dropsy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_39">49</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">40.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for burns and for erysipelas</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_40"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">41.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for diseases of the sinews</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_41">50</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">42.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Methods of arresting hæmorrhage and of letting blood. The -polyp: one remedy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_42"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">43.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Methods of extracting foreign bodies from the flesh</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_43">51</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">44.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for ulcers, carcinomata, and carbuncle</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_44">52</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">45.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for warts, and for malformed nails. The glanis: -one remedy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_45">53</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">46.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for female diseases. The glauciscus: one remedy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_46"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">47.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Methods of removing superfluous hair. Depilatories</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_47">55</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">48.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for the diseases of infants</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_48">56</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">49.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Methods of preventing intoxication. The fish called rubellio: -one remedy. The eel: one remedy. The grape-fish: one -remedy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_49">57</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">50.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Antaphrodisiacs and aphrodisiacs. The hippopotamus: one -remedy. The crocodile: one remedy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_50"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">51.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Remedies for the diseases of animals</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_51"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">52.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Other aquatic productions. Adarca or calamochnos: three -remedies. Reeds: eight remedies. The ink of the sæpia</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_52">58</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">53.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The names of all the animals that exist in the sea, one hundred -and seventy-six in number</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">59</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">54.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Additional names of fishes found in the poem of Ovid</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_54">65</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc larger padt1 padb1" colspan="3">BOOK XXXIII.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3">THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">1.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Metals</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_1">68</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">2.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Gold</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_2">69</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">3.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">What was the first recommendation of gold</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_3">71</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">4.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The origin of gold rings</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_4"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">5.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The quantity of gold possessed by the ancients</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_5">75</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">6.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The right or wearing gold rings</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_6">76</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">7.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The decuries of the judges</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_7">82</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vi">vi</a></span> -8.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Particulars connected with the equestrian order</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_8">83</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">9.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">How often the name of the equestrian order has been changed</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_9">85</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">10.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Gifts for military services, in gold and silver</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_10">86</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">11.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period the first crown of gold was presented</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_11"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">12.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Other uses made of gold, by females</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_12">87</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">13.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Coins of gold. At what periods copper, gold, and silver, were -first impressed. How copper was used before gold and -silver were coined. What was the largest sum of money -possessed by any one at the time of our first census. How -often, and at what periods, the value of copper and of -coined money has been changed</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_13">88</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">14.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Considerations on man’s cupidity for gold</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_14">91</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">15.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The persons who have possessed the greatest quantity of gold -and silver</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_15">93</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">16.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period silver first made its appearance upon the arena -and upon the stage</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_16">94</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">17.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what periods there was the greatest quantity of gold and -silver in the treasury of the Roman people</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_17">95</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">18.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period ceilings were first gilded</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_18"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">19.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">For what reasons the highest value is set upon gold</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_19">96</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">20.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The method of gilding</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_20">98</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">21.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">How gold is found</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_21">99</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">22.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Orpiment</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_22">104</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">23.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Electrum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_23">105</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">24.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The first statues of gold</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_24"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">25.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Eight remedies derived from gold</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_25">106</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">26.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Chrysocolla</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_26">107</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">27.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The use made of chrysocolla in painting</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_27">108</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">28.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Seven remedies derived from chrysocolla</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_28">110</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">29.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The chrysocolla of the goldsmiths, known also as santerna</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_29"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">30.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The marvellous operations of nature in soldering metallic -substances, and bringing them to a state of perfection</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_30">111</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">31.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Silver</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_31"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">32.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Quicksilver</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_32">113</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">33.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Stimmi, stibi, alabastrum, larbasis, or platy-ophthalmon</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_33">115</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">34.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Seven remedies derived from stimmi</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_34"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">35.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The scoria of silver. Six remedies derived from it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_35">116</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">36.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Minium: for what religious purposes it was used by the -ancients</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_36">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">37.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The discovery and origin of minium</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_37">120</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">38.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Cinnabaris</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_38"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">39.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The employment of cinnabaris in painting</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_39">121</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">40.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The various kinds of minium. The use made of it in painting</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_40"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">41.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Hydrargyros. Remedies derived from minium</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_41">124</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">42.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The method of gilding silver</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_42"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">43.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Touchstones for testing gold</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_43">125</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">44.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The different kinds of silver, and the modes of testing it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_44"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">45.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Mirrors</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_45">126</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">46.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Egyptian silver</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_46">128</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vii">vii</a></span> -47.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Instances of immense wealth. Persons who have possessed -the greatest sums of money</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_47">129</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">48.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period the Roman people first made voluntary contributions</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_48">131</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">49.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Instances of luxury in silver plate</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_49"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">50.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Instances of the frugality of the ancients in reference to silver -plate</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_50">132</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">51.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period silver was first used as an ornament for -couches</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_51">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">52.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period silver chargers of enormous size were first -made. When silver was first used as a material for sideboards. -When the sideboards called tympana were first -introduced</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_52"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">53.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The enormous price of silver plate</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_53">135</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">54.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Statues of silver</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_54">136</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">55.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The most remarkable works in silver, and the names of the -most famous artists in silver</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">56.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sil: The persons who first used it in painting and the method -they adopted</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">57.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Cæruleum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">141</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">58.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Two remedies derived from cæruleum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_58">143</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc larger padt1 padb1" colspan="3">BOOK XXXIV.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3">THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">1.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The ores of brass</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_1">147</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">2.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The different kinds of copper</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_2">148</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">3.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The Corinthian brass</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_3">149</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">4.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The Delian brass</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_4">151</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">5.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The Æginetan brass</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_5"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">6.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Stands for lamps</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_6">152</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">7.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Ornaments of the temples made of brass</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_7">153</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">8.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Couches of brass</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_8"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">9.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Which was the first statue of a god made of brass at Rome. -The origin of statues, and the respect paid to them</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_9">154</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">10.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The different kinds and forms of statues. Statues at Rome -with cuirasses</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_10">155</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">11.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">In honour of whom public statues were first erected: in -honour of whom they were first placed on pillars: when -the rostra were first erected</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_11">156</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">12.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">In honour of what foreigners public statues were erected at -Rome</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_12">159</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">13.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The first equestrian statues publicly erected at Rome, and in -honour of what females statues were publicly erected there</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_13">160</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">14.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period all the statues erected by private individuals -were removed from the public places</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_14"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">15.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The first statues publicly erected by foreigners</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_15">161</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">16.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">That there were statuaries in Italy also at an early period</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_16">162</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">17.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The immoderate prices of statues</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_17">163</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_viii">viii</a></span> -18.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The most celebrated colossal statues in the city</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_18">164</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">19.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">An account of the most celebrated works in brass, and of the -artists, 366 in number</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">168</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">20.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The different kinds of copper and its combinations. Pyropus. -Campanian copper</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_20">189</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">21.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The method of preserving copper</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_21">191</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">22.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Cadmia</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">23.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fifteen remedies derived from cadmia. Ten medicinal effects -of calcined copper</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_23">193</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">24.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The scoria of copper</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_24">194</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">25.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Stomoma of copper: forty-seven remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_25"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">26.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Verdigris: Eighteen remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_26">195</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">27.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Hieracium</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_27">197</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">28.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Scolex of copper: eighteen remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_28"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">29.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Chalcitis: seven remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_29">198</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">30.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sory: three remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_30">199</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">31.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Misy: thirteen remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_31"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">32.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Chalcanthum, or shoemakers’ black: sixteen remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_32">200</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">33.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Pompholyx</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_33">202</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">34.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Spodos: five remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_34"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">35.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fifteen varieties of antispodos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_35">203</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">36.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Smegma</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_36">204</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">37.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Diphryx</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_37"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">38.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Particulars relative to the Servilian triens</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_38">205</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">39.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Iron ores</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_39"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">40.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Statues of iron; chased works in iron</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_40">206</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">41.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The different kinds of iron, and the mode of tempering it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_41"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">42.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The metal called live iron</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_42">209</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">43.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Methods of preventing rust</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_43"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">44.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Seven remedies derived from iron</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_44">210</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">45.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fourteen remedies derived from rust</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_45">211</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">46.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Seventeen remedies derived from the scales of iron. Hygremplastrum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_46"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">47.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The ores of lead</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_47">212</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">48.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Stannum. Argentarium</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_48">214</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">49.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Black lead</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_49">215</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">50.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fifteen remedies derived from lead</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_50">216</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">51.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fifteen remedies derived from the scoria of lead</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_51">218</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">52.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Spodium of lead</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_52"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">53.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Molybdæna: fifteen remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_53"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">54.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Psimithium, or ceruse; six remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_54">219</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">55.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sandarach: eleven remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_55">220</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">56.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Arrhenicum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_56"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc larger padt1 padb1" colspan="3">BOOK XXXV.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3">AN ACCOUNT OF PAINTINGS AND COLOURS.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">1.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The honour attached to painting</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_1">223</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">2.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The honour attached to portraits</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_2">224</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_ix">ix</a></span> -3.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">When shields were first invented with portraits upon them; -and when they were first erected in public</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_3">227</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">4.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">When these shields were first placed in private houses</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_4"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">5.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The commencement of the art of painting. Monochrome paintings. -The earliest painters</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_5">228</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">6.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The antiquity of painting in Italy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_6">229</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">7.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Roman painters</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_7">230</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">8.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period foreign paintings were first introduced at Rome</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_8">232</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">9.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period painting was first held in high esteem at Rome, -and from what causes</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_9"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">10.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">What pictures the Emperors have exhibited in public</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_10">233</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">11.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The art of painting</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_11">234</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">12.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Pigments other than those of a metallic origin. Artificial -colours</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_12">235</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">13.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sinopis: eleven remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_13"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">14.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Rubrica; Lemnian earth: four remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_14">236</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">15.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Egyptian earth</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_15">237</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">16.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Ochra: remedies derived from rubrica</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_16"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">17.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Leucophoron</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_17"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">18.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Parætonium</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_18">238</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">19.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Melinum: six remedies. Ceruse</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_19"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">20.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Usta</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_20">239</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">21.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Eretria</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_21"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">22.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sandarach</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_22"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">23.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sandyx</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_23">240</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">24.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Syricum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_24"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">25.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Atramentum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_25"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">26.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Purpurissum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_26">242</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">27.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Indicum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_27"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">28.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Armenium: one remedy</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_28">243</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">29.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Appianum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_29"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">30.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Anularian white</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_30">244</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">31.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Which colours do not admit of being laid on a wet coating</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_31"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">32.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">What colours were used by the ancients in painting</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_32">245</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">33.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what time combats of gladiators were first painted and publicly -exhibited</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_33">246</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">34.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The age of painting; with the names of the more celebrated -works and artists, four hundred and five in number</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_34"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">35.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The first contest for excellence in the pictorial art</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_35">248</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">36.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Artists who painted with the pencil</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">249</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">37.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Various other kinds of painting</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_37">268</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">38.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">An effectual way of putting a stop to the singing of birds</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_38">272</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">39.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Artists who have painted in eucaustics or wax, with either the -cestrum or the pencil</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_39"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">40.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The first inventors of various kinds of painting. The greatest -difficulties in the art of painting. The several varieties of -painting. The first artist that painted ceilings. When -arched roofs were first painted. The marvellous price of -some pictures</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_x">x</a></span> -41.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Encaustic painting</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_41">282</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">42.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The colouring of tissues</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_42"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">43.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The inventors of the art of modelling</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_43">283</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">44.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Who was the first to mould figures in imitation of the features -of living persons, or of statues</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_44">284</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">45.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The most famous modellers</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">46.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Works in pottery</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_46">286</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">47.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Various kinds of earth. The Puteolan dust, and other earths of -which cements like stone are made</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_47">288</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">48.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Formacean walls</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_48">289</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">49.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Walls of brick. The method of making bricks</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_49">290</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">50.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sulphur, and the several varieties of it: fourteen remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_50">291</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">51.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Bitumen, and the several varieties of it: twenty-seven remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_51">293</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">52.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Alumen, and the several varieties of it: thirty-eight remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_52">294</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">53.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Samian earth: three remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_53">298</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">54.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The various kinds of eretria</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_54"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">55.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The method of washing earths for medicinal purposes</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_55"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">56.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Chian earth: three remedies. Selinusian earth: three remedies. -Pnigitis: nine remedies. Ampelitis: four remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_56">299</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">57.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Cretaceous earths used for scouring cloth. Cimolian earth: -nine remedies. Sardinian earth. Umbrian earth. Suxum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_57"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">58.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Argentaria. Names of freedmen who have either risen to -power themselves, or have belonged to men of influence</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_58">301</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">59.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The earth of Galata; of Clypea; of the Baleares; and of Ebusus</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_59">303</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc larger padt1 padb1" colspan="3">BOOK XXXVI.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3">THE NATURAL HISTORY OF STONES.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">1.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Luxury displayed in the use of various kinds of marble</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_1">305</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">2.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Who was the first to employ marble in public buildings</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_2">306</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">3.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Who was the first to erect columns of foreign marble at Rome</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_3">307</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">4.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The first artists who excelled in the sculpture of marble, and -the various periods at which they flourished. The Mausoleum -in Caria. The most celebrated sculptors and works in -marble, two hundred and twenty-five in number</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">308</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">5.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period marble was first used in buildings</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_5">323</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">6.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Who were the first to cut marble into slabs, and at what period</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_6">324</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">7.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Who was the first to encrust the walls of houses at Rome with -marble</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_7"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">8.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period the various kinds of marble came into use at -Rome</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_8">325</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">9.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The method of cutting marble into slabs. The sand used in -cutting marble</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_9"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">10.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Stone of Naxos. Stone of Armenia</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_10">327</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">11.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The marbles of Alexandria</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_11"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">12.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Onyx and alabastrites: six remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_12">329</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_xi">xi</a></span> -13.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Lygdinus; corallitic stone; stone of Alabanda; stone of Thebais; -stone of Syene</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_13">330</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">14.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Obelisks</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_14">331</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">15.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The obelisk which serves as a dial in the Campus Martius</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_15">334</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">16.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Marvellous works in Egypt. The pyramids</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_16">335</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">17.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The Egyptian Sphinx</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_17">336</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">18.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The Pharos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_18">339</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">19.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Labyrinths</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_19"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">20.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Hanging gardens. A hanging city</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_20">343</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">21.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The Temple of Diana at Ephesus</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_21"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">22.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Marvels connected with other temples</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_22">344</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">23.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The fugitive stone. The seven-fold echo. Buildings erected -without the use of nails</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_23"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">24.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Marvellous buildings at Rome, eighteen in number</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">345</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">25.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The magnet: three remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_25">355</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">26.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Stone of Scyros</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_26">357</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">27.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sarcophagus, or stone of Assos: ten remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_27"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">28.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Chernites</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_28"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">29.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Osseous stones. Palm stones. Corani. Black stones</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_29">358</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">30.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Molar stones. Pyrites: seven remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_30">359</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">31.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Ostrocites: four remedies. Amianthus: two remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_31">360</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">32.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Geodes: three remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_32"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">33.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Melitinus: six remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_32"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">34.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Gagates: six remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_34">361</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">35.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Spongites: two remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_35">362</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">36.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Phrygian stone</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_36"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">37.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Hæmatites: five remedies. Schistos: seven remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_37"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">38.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Æthiopic hæmatites. Androdamas: two remedies. Arabian -hæmatites. Miltites or hepatites. Anthracites</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_38">363</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">39.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Aëtites. Taphiusian stone. Callimus</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_39">364</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">40.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Samian stone: eight remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_40">365</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">41.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Arabian stone: six remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_41"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">42.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Pumice: nine remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_42">366</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">43.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Stones for mortars used for medicinal and other purposes. -Etesian stone. Thebaic stone. Chalazian stone</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_43">367</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">44.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Stone of Siphnos. Soft stones</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_44">368</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">45.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Specular stones</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_45"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">46.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Phengites</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_46">369</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">47.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Whetstones</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_47">370</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">48.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tophus</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_48">371</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">49.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The various kinds of silex</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_49"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">50.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Other stones used for building</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_50">372</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">51.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The various methods of building</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_51"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">52.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Cisterns</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_52">373</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">53.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Quick-lime</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_53"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">54.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The various kinds of sand. The combinations of sand with -lime</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_54"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">55.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Defects in building. Plasters for walls</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_55">374</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">56.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Columns. The several kinds of columns</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_56"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_xii">xii</a></span> -57.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Five remedies derived from lime</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_57">375</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">58.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Maltha</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_58"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">59.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Gypsum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_59">376</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">60.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Pavements. The Asarotos œcos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_60"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">61.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The first pavements in use at Rome</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_61">377</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">62.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Terrace-roof pavements</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_62"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">63.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Græcanic pavements</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_63">378</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">64.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period mosaic pavements were first invented. At -what period arched roofs were first decorated with glass</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_64"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">65.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The origin of glass</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_65">379</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">66.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The various kinds of glass, and the mode of making it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_66">380</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">67.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Obsian glass and Obsian stone</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_67">381</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">68.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Marvellous facts connected with fire</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_68">383</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">69.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Three remedies derived from fire and from ashes</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_69"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">70.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Prodigies connected with the hearth</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_70">384</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc larger padt1 padb1" colspan="3">BOOK XXXVII.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3">THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PRECIOUS STONES.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">1.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The first use of precious stones</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_1">386</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">2.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The jewel of Polycrates</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_2"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">3.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The jewel of Pyrrhus</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_3">387</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">4.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Who were the most skilful lapidaries. The finest specimens -of engraving on precious stones</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_4">389</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">5.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The first dactyliothecæ at Rome</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_5">390</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">6.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Jewels displayed at Rome in the triumph of Pompeius Magnus</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_6"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">7.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">At what period murrhine vessels were first introduced at Rome. -Instances of luxury in reference to them</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_7">392</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">8.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The nature of murrhine vessels</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_8">393</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">9.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The nature of crystal</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_9">394</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">10.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Luxury displayed in the use of crystal. Remedies derived from -crystal</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_10">395</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">11.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Amber: the many falsehoods that have been told about it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">397</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">12.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The several kinds of amber: the remedies derived from it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_12">402</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">13.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Lyncurium: two asserted remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_13">404</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">14.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The various precious stones, classified according to their principal -colours</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_14">405</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">15.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Adamas: six varieties of it. Two remedies</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_15"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">16.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Smaragdus</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_16">408</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">17.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Twelve varieties of the smaragdus</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_17">410</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">18.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Defects in the smaragdus</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_18">411</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">19.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The precious stone called tanos. Chalcosmaragdos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_19">413</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">20.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Beryls: eight varieties of them. Defects in beryls</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_20">414</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">21.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Opals: seven varieties of them</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_21">415</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">22.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Defects in opals: the modes of testing them</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_22">416</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">23.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sardonyx; the several varieties of it. Defects in the sardonyx</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_23">417</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_xiii">xiii</a></span> -24.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Onyx: the several varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_24">419</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">25.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Carbunculus: twelve varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_25">420</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">26.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Defects in carbunculus, and the mode of testing it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_26">422</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">27.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Anthracitis</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_27">423</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">28.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sandastros. Sandaresos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_28"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">29.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Lychnis: four varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_29">424</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">30.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Carchedonia</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_30">425</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">31.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sarda: five varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_31"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">32.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Topazos: two varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_32">426</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">33.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Callaina</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_33">427</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">34.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Prasius: three varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_34">429</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">35.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Nilion</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_35"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">36.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Molochitis</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_36"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">37.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Iaspis: fourteen varieties of it. Defects found in iaspis</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_37">430</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">38.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Cyanos: the several varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_38">432</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">39.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Sapphiros</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_39"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">40.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Amethystos: four varieties of it. Socondion. Sapenos. Pharanitis. -Aphrodites blepharon, anteros, or hæderos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_40"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">41.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Hyacinthos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_41">434</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">42.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Chrysolithos: seven varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_42"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">43.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Chryselectrum</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_43">435</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">44.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Leucochrysos: four varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_44"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">45.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Melichrysos. Xuthon</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_45">436</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">46.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Pæderos, sangenon, or tenites</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_46"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">47.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Asteria</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_47">437</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">48.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Astrion</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_48"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">49.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Astriotes</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_49"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">50.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Astrobolos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_50">438</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">51.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Ceraunia: four varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_51"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">52.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Iris: two varieties of it</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_52"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">53.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Leros</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_53">439</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">54.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Achates: the several varieties of it. Acopos: the remedies derived -from it. Alabastritis: the remedies derived from it. -Alectoria. Androdamas. Argyrodamas. Antipathes. Arabica. -Aromatitis. Asbestos. Aspisatis. Atizöe. Augetis. -Amphidanes or chrysocolla. Aphrodisiaca. Apsyctos. -Ægyptilla</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">55.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Balanites. Batrachitis. Baptes. Beli oculus. Belus. Baroptenus -or barippe. Botryitis. Bostrychitis. Bucardia. -Brontea. Bolos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_55">443</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">56.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Cadmitis. Callais. Capnitis. Cappadocia. Callaica. Catochitis. -Catoptritis. Cepitis or Cepolatitis. Ceramitis. -Cinædia. Ceritis. Circos. Corsoïdes. Coralloachates. -Corallis. Crateritis. Crocallis. Cyitis. Chalcophonos. -Chelidonia. Chelonia. Chelonitis. Chloritis. Choaspitis. -Chrysolampis. Chrysopis. Ceponides</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_56">444</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">57.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Daphnea. Diadochos. Diphyes. Dionysias. Draconitis</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_57">447</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">58.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Encardia or ariste. Enorchis. Exebenus. Erythallis. Erotylos, -amphicomos, or hieromnemon. Eumeces. Enmithres. -Eupetalos. Eureos. Eurotias. Eusebes. Epimelas</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_58">448</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_xiv">xiv</a></span> -59.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Galaxias. Galactitis, leucogæa, leucographitis, or synnephitis. -Gallaica. Gassinade. Glossopetra. Gorgonia. Goniæa</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_58">449</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">60.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Heliotropium. Hephæstitis. Hermuaidoion. Hexecontalithos. -Hieracitis. Hammitis. Hammonis cornu. Hormiscion. -Hyænia. Hæmatitis</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_60">450</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">61.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Idæi dactyli. Icterias. Jovis gemma. Indica. Ion</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_61">452</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">62.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Lepidotis. Lesbias. Leucophthalmos. Leucopœcilos. Libanochrus. -Limoniatis. Liparea. Lysimachos. Leucochrysos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_62"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">63.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Memnonia. Media. Meconitis. Mithrax. Morochthos. -Mormorion or promnion. Murrhitis. Myrmecias. Myrsinitis. -Mesoleucos. Mesomelas</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_63">453</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">64.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Nasamonitis. Nebritis. Nipparene</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_64">454</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">65.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Oica. Ombria or notia. Onocardia. Oritis or sideritis. -Ostracias. Ostritis. Ophicardelon. Obsian stone</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_65"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">66.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Panchrus. Pangonus. Paneros or panerastos. Pontica: four -varieties of it. Phloginos or chrysitis. Phœnicitis. Phycitis. -Perileucos. Pæanitis or gæanis</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_66">455</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">67.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Solis gemma. Sagda. Samothracia. Sauritis. Sarcitis. -Selenitis. Sideritis. Sideropœcilos. Spongitis. Synodontitis. -Syrtitis. Syringitis</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_67">456</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">68.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Trichrus. Thelyrrhizos. Thelycardios or mule. Thracia: -three varieties of it. Tephritis. Tecolithos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_68">457</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">69.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Veneris crines. Veientana</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_69">458</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">70.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Zathene. Zmilampis. Zoraniscæa</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_70"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">71.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Precious stones which derive their names from various parts of -the human body. Hepatitis. Steatitis. Adadunephros. -Adaduophthalmos. Adadudactylos. Triophthalmos</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_71"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">72.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Precious stones which derive their names from animals. Carcinias. -Echitis. Scorpitis. Scaritis. Triglitis. Ægophthalmos. -Hyophthalmos. Geranitis. Hieracitis. Aëtitis. -Myrmecitis. Cantharias. Lycophthalmos. Taos. Timictonia</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_72">459</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">73.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Precious stones which derive their names from other objects. -Hammochrysos. Cenchritis. Dryitis. Cissitis. Narcissitis. -Cyamias. Pyren. Phœnicitis. Chalazias. Pyritis. -Polyzonos Astrapæa. Phlogitis. Anthracitis. Enhygros. -Polythrix. Leontios. Pardalios. Drosolithos. Melichrus. -Melichloros. Crocias. Polias. Spartopolias. Rhoditis. -Chalcitis. Sycitis. Bostrychitis. Chernitie. Anancitis. -Synochitis. Dendritis</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_73"><em>ib.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">74.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Precious stones that suddenly make their appearance. Cochlides</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_74">461</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">75.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The various forms of precious stones</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_75">462</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">76.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">The methods of testing precious stones</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_76">463</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr padrone vertt">77.</td> -<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">A comparative view of Nature as she appears in different -countries. The comparative values of things</p></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_77">464</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl padrone vertt" colspan="2"><span class="smcap">General Index</span></td> -<td class="tdr padlone vertb"><a href="#INDEX">469</a></td> -</tr></table></div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1">1</a></span> -<p class="center largest padt2">NATURAL HISTORY OF PLINY.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="BOOK_XXXII">BOOK XXXII.<a id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">1</a><br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.</span></h2></div> - -<h3 class="section nobreak" id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_1"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 1. (1.)—THE POWER OF NATURE AS MANIFESTED IN ANTIPATHIES. -THE ECHENEÏS: TWO REMEDIES.</span></h3> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap"> -Following</span> the proper order of things, we have now arrived -at the culminating point of the wonders manifested to us by -the operations of Nature. And even at the very outset, we -find spontaneously presented to us an incomparable illustration -of her mysterious powers: so much so, in fact, that beyond it -we feel ourselves bound to forbear extending our enquiries, -there being nothing to be found either equal or analogous to an -element in which Nature quite triumphs over herself, and that, -too, in such numberless ways. For what is there more unruly -than the sea, with its winds, its tornadoes, and its tempests? -And yet in what department of her works has Nature been -more seconded by the ingenuity of man, than in this, by his -inventions of sails and of oars? In addition to this, we are -struck with the ineffable might displayed by the Ocean’s tides,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2">2</a></span> -as they constantly ebb and flow, and so regulate the currents -of the sea as though they were the waters of one vast river.</p> - -<p>And yet all these forces, though acting in unison, and impelling -in the same direction, a single fish, and that of a very -diminutive size—the fish known as the “echeneïs”<a id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">2</a>—possesses -the power of counteracting. Winds may blow and -storms may rage, and yet the echeneïs controls their fury, -restrains their mighty force, and bids ships stand still in their -career; a result which no cables, no anchors, from their ponderousness -quite incapable of being weighed, could ever have -produced! A fish bridles the impetuous violence of the deep, -and subdues the frantic rage of the universe—and all this by -no effort of its own, no act of resistance on its part, no act at -all, in fact, but that of adhering to the bark! Trifling as this -object would appear, it suffices to counteract all these forces -combined, and to forbid the ship to pass onward in its way! -Fleets, armed for war, pile up towers and bulwarks on their -decks, in order that, upon the deep even, men may fight from -behind ramparts as it were. But alas for human vanity!—when -their prows, beaked as they are with brass and with -iron,<a id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">3</a> and armed for the onset, can thus be arrested and -rivetted to the spot by a little fish, no more than some half -foot in length!</p> - -<p>At the battle of Actium, it is said, a fish of this kind stopped -the prætorian ship<a id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">4</a> of Antonius in its course, at the moment that -he was hastening from ship to ship to encourage and exhort his -men, and so compelled him to leave it and go on board another. -Hence it was, that the fleet of Cæsar gained the advantage<a id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">5</a> in -the onset, and charged with a redoubled impetuosity. In our -own time, too, one of these fish arrested the ship of the Emperor<a id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">6</a> -Caius in its course, when he was returning from Astura -to Antium:<a id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">7</a> and thus, as the result proved, did an insignificant -fish give presage of great events; for no sooner had the emperor -returned to Rome than he was pierced by the weapons of -his own soldiers. Nor did this sudden stoppage of the ship<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3">3</a></span> -long remain a mystery, the cause being perceived upon finding -that, out of the whole fleet, the emperor’s five-banked galley -was the only one that was making no way. The moment this -was discovered, some of the sailors plunged into the sea, and, -on making search about the ship’s sides, they found an -echeneïs adhering to the rudder. Upon its being shown to -the emperor, he strongly expressed his indignation that such -an obstacle as this should have impeded his progress, and have -rendered powerless the hearty endeavours of some four hundred -men. One thing, too, it is well known, more particularly -surprised<a id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">8</a> him, how it was possible that the fish, while adhering -to the ship, should arrest its progress, and yet should -have no such power when brought on board.</p> - -<p>According to the persons who examined it on that occasion, -and who have seen it since, the echeneïs bears a strong resemblance -to a large slug.<a id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">9</a> The various opinions entertained -respecting it we have already<a id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">10</a> noticed, when speaking of it -in the Natural History of Fishes. There is no doubt, too, that -all fish of this kind are possessed of a similar power; witness, -for example, the well-known instance of the shells<a id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">11</a> which -are still preserved and consecrated in the Temple of Venus at -Cnidos, and which, we are bound to believe, once gave such -striking evidence of the possession of similar properties. -Some of our own authors have given this fish the Latin name -of “mora.”<a id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">12</a> It is a singular thing, but among the Greeks -we find writers who state that, worn as an amulet, the echeneïs -has the property,<a id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">13</a> as already mentioned, of preventing miscarriage, -and of reducing procidence of the uterus, and so permitting -the fœtus to reach maturity: while others, again, -assert that, if it is preserved in salt and worn as an amulet, it -will facilitate parturition; a fact to which it is indebted for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4">4</a></span> -another name which it bears, “odinolytes.”<a id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">14</a> Be all this as -it may, considering this most remarkable fact of a ship being -thus stopped in its course, who can entertain a doubt as to the -possibility of any manifestation of her power by Nature, or -as to the effectual operation of the remedies which she has -centred in her spontaneous productions?</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_2"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 2.—THE TORPEDO: NINE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>And then, besides, even if we had not this illustration by -the agency of the echeneïs, would it not have been quite sufficient -only to cite the instance of the torpedo,<a id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">15</a> another inhabitant -also of the sea, as a manifestation of the mighty -powers of Nature? From a considerable distance even, and if -only touched with the end of a spear or staff, this fish has the -property of benumbing even the most vigorous arm, and of -rivetting the feet of the runner, however swift he may be in -the race. If, upon considering this fresh illustration, we find -ourselves compelled to admit that there is in existence a certain -power which, by the very exhalations<a id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">16</a> and, as it were, emanations -therefrom, is enabled to affect the members of the human -body,<a id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">17</a> what are we not to hope for from the remedial -influences which Nature has centred in all animated beings?</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_3"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 3.—THE SEA HARE: FIVE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>No less wonderful, too, are the particulars which we find -stated relative to the sea-hare.<a id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">18</a> Taken with the food or -drink, it is a poison to some persons; while to others, again, -the very sight of it is venomous.<a id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">19</a> Indeed, if a woman in a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5">5</a></span> -state of pregnancy so much as looks upon one of these fishes, -she is immediately seized with nausea and vomiting—a proof -that the injury has reached the stomach—and abortion is the -ultimate result. The proper preservative against these baneful -effects is the male fish, which is kept dried for the purpose -in salt, and worn in a bracelet upon the arm. And yet this -same fish, while in the sea, is not injurious, by its contact -even. The only animal that eats it without fatal consequences, -is the mullet;<a id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">20</a> the sole perceptible result being that its flesh -is rendered more tender thereby, but deteriorated in flavour, -and consequently not so highly esteemed.</p> - -<p>Persons when poisoned<a id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">21</a> by the sea-hare smell strongly of -the fish—the first sign, indeed, by which the fact of their -having been so poisoned is detected. Death also ensues at the -end of as many days as the fish has lived: hence it is that, -as Licinius Macer informs us, this is one of those poisons -which have no definite time for their operation. In India,<a id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">22</a> we -are assured, the sea-hare is never taken alive; and, we are told -that, in those parts of the world, man, in his turn, acts as a -poison upon the fish, which dies instantly in the sea, if it is -only touched with the human finger. There, like the rest -of the animals, it attains a much larger size than it does -with us.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_4"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 4.—MARVELS OF THE RED SEA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Juba, in those books descriptive of Arabia, which he has -dedicated to Caius Cæsar, the son of Augustus, informs us that -there are mussels<a id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">23</a> on those coasts, the shells of which are -capable of holding three semisextarii; and that, on one occasion, -a whale,<a id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">24</a> six hundred feet in length and three hundred -and sixty feet broad,<a id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">25</a> made its way up a river of Arabia,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6">6</a></span> -the blubber of which was bought up by the merchants there. -He tells us, too, that in those parts they anoint their camels -with the grease of all kinds of fish, for the purpose of keeping -off the gad-flies<a id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">26</a> by the smell.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_5"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 5. (2.)—THE INSTINCTS OF FISHES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The statements which Ovid has made as to the instincts -of fish, in the work<a id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">27</a> of his known as the “Halieuticon,”<a id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">28</a> -appear to me truly marvellous. The scarus,<a id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">29</a> for instance, -when enclosed in the wicker kype, makes no effort to escape -with its head, nor does it attempt to thrust its muzzle between -the oziers; but turning its tail towards them, it enlarges the -orifices with repeated blows therefrom, and so makes its escape -backwards. Should,<a id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">30</a> too, another scarus, from without, chance -to see it thus struggling within the kype, it will take the tail -of the other in its mouth, and so aid it in its efforts to escape. -The lupus,<a id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">31</a> again, when surrounded with the net, furrows<a id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">32</a> -the sand with its tail, and so conceals itself, until the net has -passed over it. The muræna,<a id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">33</a> trusting in the slippery smoothness<a id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">34</a> -of its rounded back, boldly faces the meshes of the net, -and by repeatedly wriggling its body, makes its escape. The -polyp<a id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">35</a> makes for the hooks, and, without swallowing the bait, -clasps it with its feelers; nor does it quit its hold until it has -eaten off the bait, or perceives itself being drawn out of the -water by the rod.</p> - -<p>The mullet,<a id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">36</a> too, is aware<a id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">37</a> that within the bait there is a -hook concealed, and is on its guard against the ambush; still -however, so great is its voracity, that it beats the hook with -its tail, and strikes away from it the bait. The lupus,<a id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">38</a> again,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7">7</a></span> -shows less foresight and address, but repentance at its imprudence -arms it with mighty strength; for, when caught by the -hook, it flounders from side to side, and so widens the wound, -till at last the insidious hook falls from its mouth. The muræna<a id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">39</a> -not only swallows the hook, but catches at the line -with its teeth, and so gnaws it asunder. The anthias,<a id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">40</a> Ovid -says, the moment it finds itself caught by the hook, turns its -body with its back downwards, upon which there is a sharp -knife-like fin, and so cuts the line asunder.</p> - -<p>According to Licinius Macer, the muræna is of the female -sex only, and is impregnated by serpents, as already<a id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">41</a> mentioned; -and hence it is that the fishermen, to entice it from its -retreat, and catch it, make a hissing noise in imitation of the -hissing of a serpent. He states, also, that by frequently beating -the water it is made to grow fat, that a blow with a stout -stick will not kill it, but that a touch with a stalk of fennel-giant<a id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">42</a> -is instantly fatal. That in the case of this animal, the -life is centred in the tail, there can be no doubt, as also that -it dies immediately on that part of the body being struck; -while, on the other hand, there is considerable difficulty in -killing it with a blow upon the head. Persons who have -come in contact with the razor-fish<a id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">43</a> smell of iron.<a id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">44</a> The -hardest of all fishes, beyond a doubt, is that known as the -“orbis:”<a id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">45</a> it is spherical, destitute<a id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">46</a> of scales, and all head.<a id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">47</a><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8">8</a></span></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_6"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 6.—MARVELLOUS PROPERTIES BELONGING TO CERTAIN -FISHES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Trebius Niger informs us that whenever the loligo<a id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">48</a> is seen -darting above the surface of the water, it portends a change -of weather: that the xiphias,<a id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">49</a> or, in other words, the swordfish, -has a sharp-pointed muzzle, with which it is able to pierce -the sides of a ship and send it to the bottom: instances of -which have been known near a place in Mauritania, known as -Cotte, not far from the river Lixus.<a id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">50</a> He says, too, that the -loligo sometimes darts above the surface, in such vast numbers, -as to sink the ships upon which they fall.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_7"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 7.—PLACES WHERE FISH EAT FROM THE HAND.</span></h3></div> - -<p>At many of the country-seats belonging to the Emperor the -fish eat<a id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">51</a> from the hand: but the stories of this nature, told -with such admiration by the ancients, bear reference to lakes -formed by Nature, and not to fish-preserves; that at Elorus, a -fortified place in Sicily, for instance, not far from Syracuse. -In the fountain, too, of Jupiter, at Labranda,<a id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">52</a> there are eels -which eat from the hand, and wear ear-rings,<a id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">53</a> it is said. The -same, too, at Chios, near the Old Men’s Temple<a id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">54</a> there; and -at the Fountain of Chabura in Mesopotamia, already mentioned.<a id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">55</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_8"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 8.—PLACES WHERE FISH RECOGNIZE THE HUMAN VOICE. -ORACULAR RESPONSES GIVEN BY FISH.</span></h3></div> - -<p>At Myra, too, in Lycia, the fish in the Fountain of Apollo,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9">9</a></span> -known as Surium, appear and give oracular presages, when -thrice summoned by the sound of a flute. If they seize the -flesh thrown to them with avidity, it is a good omen for the -person who consults them; but if, on the other hand, they -flap at it with their tails, it is considered an evil presage. At -Hierapolis<a id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">56</a> in Syria, the fish in the Lake of Venus there obey -the voice of the officers of the temple: bedecked with ornaments -of gold, they come at their call, fawn upon them while -they are scratched, and open their mouths so wide as to admit -of the insertion of the hands.</p> - -<p>Off the Rock of Hercules, in the territory of Stabiæ<a id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">57</a> in -Campania, the melanuri<a id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">58</a> seize with avidity bread that is thrown -to them in the sea, but they will never approach any bait in -which there is a hook concealed.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_9"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 9.—PLACES WHERE BITTER FISH ARE FOUND, SALT, OR -SWEET.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Nor is it by any means the least surprising fact, that off the -island of Pele,<a id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">59</a> the town of Clazomenæ,<a id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">60</a> the rock<a id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">61</a> [of -Scylla] in Sicily, and in the vicinity of Leptis in Africa,<a id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">62</a -> -Eubœa, and Dyrrhachium,<a id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">63</a> the fish are bitter. In the neighbourhood -of Cephallenia, Ampelos, Paros, and the rocks of -Delos, the fish are so salt by nature that they might easily be -taken to have been pickled in brine. In the harbour, again, -of the last-mentioned island, the fish are sweet: differences, -all of them, resulting, no doubt, from the diversity<a id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">64</a> of their -food.</p> - -<p>Apion says that the largest among the fishes is the sea-pig,<a id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">65</a> -known to the Lacedæmonians as the “orthagoriscos;”<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10">10</a></span> -he states also that it grunts<a id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">66</a> like a hog when taken. These -accidental varieties in the natural flavour of fish—a thing that -is still more surprising—may, in some cases, be owing to the -nature of the locality; an apposite illustration of which is, the -well-known fact that, at Beneventum<a id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">67</a> in Italy, salted provisions -of all kinds require<a id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">68</a> to be salted over again.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_10"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 10.—WHEN SEA-FISH WERE FIRST EATEN BY THE PEOPLE OF -ROME. THE ORDINANCE OF KING NUMA AS TO FISH.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Cassius Hemina informs us that sea-fish have been in use -at Rome from the time of its foundation. I will give his own -words, however, upon the subject:—“Numa ordained that fish -without<a id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">69</a> scales should not be served up at the Festivals of -the Gods; a piece of frugality, the intention of which was, -that the banquets, both public and private, as well as the -repasts laid before the couches<a id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">70</a> of the gods, might be provided -at a smaller expense than formerly: it being also his -wish to preclude the risk that the caterers for the sacred -banquets would spare no expense in buying provisions, and so -forestall the market.”</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_11"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 11.—CORAL: FORTY-THREE REMEDIES AND OBSERVATIONS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the same degree that people in our part of the world -set a value upon the pearls of India—a subject on which we -have already spoken<a id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">71</a> on the appropriate occasion at sufficient -length—do the people of India prize coral: it being the -prevailing taste in each nation respectively that constitutes -the value of things. Coral is produced in the Red Sea also,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11">11</a></span> -but of a more swarthy hue than ours. It is to be found also -in the Persian Gulf, where it is known by the name of “iace.” -But the most highly-esteemed of all, is that produced in the -vicinity of the islands called Stœchades,<a id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">72</a> in the Gallic Gulf, -and near the Æolian Islands and the town of Drepana in the -Sea of Sicily. Coral is to be found growing, too, at Graviscæ, -and off the coast of Neapolis in Campania: as also at Erythræ, -where it is intensely red, but soft, and consequently little -valued.</p> - -<p>Its form is that of a shrub,<a id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">73</a> and its colour green: its -berries are white and soft while under water, but the moment -they are removed from it, they become hard and red, resembling -the berries of cultivated cornel in size and appearance. -They say that, while alive, if it is only touched by a person, -it will immediately become as hard as stone; and hence it is -that the greatest pains are taken to prevent this, by tearing it -up from the bottom with nets, or else cutting it short with -a sharp-edged instrument of iron: from which last circumstance -it is generally supposed to have received its name of -“curalium.”<a id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">74</a> The reddest coral and the most branchy is -held in the highest esteem; but, at the same time, it must -not be rough or hard like stone; nor yet, on the other hand, -should it be full of holes or hollow.</p> - -<p>The berries of coral are no less esteemed by the men in India -than are the pearls of that country by the females among us: -their soothsayers, too, and diviners look upon coral as an amulet -endowed with sacred properties,<a id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">75</a> and a sure preservative -against all dangers: hence it is that they equally value it as -an ornament and as an object of devotion. Before it was -known in what estimation coral was held by the people of -India, the Gauls were in the habit of adorning their swords,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12">12</a></span> -shields, and helmets with it; but at the present day, owing to -the value set upon it as an article of exportation, it has become -so extremely rare, that it is seldom to be seen even in the -regions that produce it. Branches of coral, hung at the neck -of infants,<a id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">76</a> are thought to act as a preservative against danger. -Calcined, pulverized, and taken in water, coral gives relief to -patients suffering from griping pains in the bowels, affections -of the bladder, and urinary calculi. Similarly taken in -wine, or, if there are symptoms of fever, in water, it acts as a -soporific. It resists the action of fire a considerable time before -it is calcined.</p> - -<p>There is also a statement made that if this medicament is -frequently taken internally, the spleen will be gradually consumed. -Powdered coral, too, is on excellent remedy for patients -who bring up or spit blood. Calcined coral is used as -an ingredient in compositions for the eyes, being productive of -certain astringent and cooling effects: it makes flesh, also, in -the cavities left by ulcers, and effaces scars upon the skin.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_12"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 12.—THE ANTIPATHIES AND SYMPATHIES WHICH EXIST -BETWEEN CERTAIN OBJECTS. THE HATREDS MANIFESTED BY -CERTAIN AQUATIC ANIMALS. THE PASTINACA: EIGHT REMEDIES. -THE GALEOS: FIFTEEN REMEDIES. THE SUR-MULLET: -FIFTEEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In reference to that repugnance which exists between certain -things, known to the Greeks as “antipathia,” there is -nothing more venomous<a id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">77</a> than the pastinaca, a sea-fish which -kills trees even with its sting, as already<a id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">78</a> stated. And yet, -poisonous as it is, the galeos<a id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">79</a> pursues it; a fish which,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13">13</a></span> -though it attacks other marine animals as well, manifests an -enmity to the pastinaca in particular, just as on dry land the -weasel does to serpents; with such avidity does it go in pursuit -of what is poisonous even! Persons stung by the pustinaca -find a remedy in the flesh of the galeos, as also in that -of the sur-mullet and the vegetable production known as -laser.<a id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">80</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 13. (3).—AMPHIBIOUS ANIMALS. CASTOREUM: SIXTY-SIX -REMEDIES AND OBSERVATIONS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The might of Nature, too, is equally conspicuous in the -animals which live upon dry land as well;<a id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">81</a> the beaver, for -instance, more generally known as “castor,” and the testes<a id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">82</a> of -which are called in medicine “castorea.” Sextius, a most -careful enquirer into the nature and history of medicinal substances, -assures us that it is not the truth that this animal, -when on the point of being taken, bites off its testes: he informs -us, also, that these substances are small, tightly knit, -and attached to the back-bone, and that it is impossible to -remove them without taking the animal’s life. We learn from -him that there is a mode of adulterating them by substituting -the kidneys of the beaver, which are of considerable size, -whereas the genuine testes are found to be extremely diminutive: -in addition to which, he says that they must not be taken -to be bladders, as they are two in number, a provision not to be -found in any animal. Within these pouches,<a id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">83</a> he says, there -is a liquid found, which is preserved by being put in salt; the -genuine castoreum being easily known from the false, by the -fact of its being contained in two pouches, attached by a single -ligament. The genuine article, he says, is sometimes fraudulently -sophisticated by the admixture of gum and blood, or -else hammoniacum:<a id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">84</a> as the pouches, in fact, ought to be of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14">14</a></span> -the same colour as this last, covered with thin coats full of a -liquid of the consistency of honey mixed with wax, possessed -of a fetid smell, of a bitter, acrid taste, and friable to the -touch.</p> - -<p>The most efficacious castoreum is that which comes from -Pontus and Galatia, the next best being the produce of Africa. -When inhaled, it acts as a sternutatory. Mixed with oil of -roses and peucedanum,<a id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">85</a> and applied to the head, it is productive -of narcotic effects—a result which is equally produced by -taking it in water; for which reason it is employed in the -treatment of phrenitis. Used as a fumigation, it acts as an -excitant upon patients suffering from lethargy: and similarly -employed, or used in the form of a suppository, it dispels hysterical<a id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">86</a> -suffocations. It acts also as an emmenagogue and as -an expellent of the afterbirth, being taken by the patient, in -doses of two drachmæ, with pennyroyal,<a id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">87</a> in water. It is employed -also for the cure of vertigo, opisthotony, fits of trembling, -spasms, affections of the sinews, sciatica, stomachic -complaints, and paralysis, the patient either being rubbed with -it all over, or else taking it as an electuary, bruised and incorporated -with seed of vitex,<a id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">88</a> vinegar, and oil of roses, to the -consistency of honey. In the last form, too, it is taken for the -cure of epilepsy, and in a potion, for the purpose of dispelling -flatulency and gripings in the bowels, and for counteracting the -effects of poison.</p> - -<p>When taken as a potion, the only difference is in the mode -of mixing it, according to the poison that it is intended to -neutralize; thus, for example, when it is taken for the sting -of the scorpion, wine is used as the medium; and when for -injuries inflicted by spiders or by the phalangium,<a id="FNanchor_89_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_89" class="fnanchor">89</a> honied -wine where it is intended to be brought up again, and rue -where it is desirable that it should remain upon the stomach. -For injuries inflicted by the chalcis,<a id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">90</a> it is taken with myrtle -wine; for the sting of the cerastes<a id="FNanchor_91_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_91" class="fnanchor">91</a> or prester<a id="FNanchor_92_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_92" class="fnanchor">92</a> with panax<a id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">93</a> or<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15">15</a></span> -rue in wine; and for those of other serpents, with wine only. -In all these cases two drachmæ of castoreum is the proper -dose, to one of the other ingredients respectively. It is particularly -useful, also, in combination with vinegar, in cases -where viscus<a id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">94</a> has been taken internally, and, with milk or -water, as a neutralizer of aconite: as an antidote to white -hellebore it is taken with hydromel and nitre.<a id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_95" class="fnanchor">95</a> It is curative, -also, of tooth-ache, for which purpose it is beaten up -with oil and injected into the ear, on the side affected. For -the cure of ear-ache, the best plan is to mix it with meconium.<a id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">96</a> -Applied with Attic honey in the form of an ointment, -it improves the eyesight, and taken with vinegar it arrests -hiccup.</p> - -<p>The urine, too, of the beaver, is a neutralizer of poisons, -and for this reason is used as an ingredient in antidotes. The -best way of keeping it, some think, is in the bladder of the -animal.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_14"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 14. (4.)—THE TORTOISE: SIXTY-SIX REMEDIES AND OBSERVATIONS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The tortoise,<a id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">97</a> too, is an animal that is equally amphibious -with the beaver, and possessed of medicinal properties as -strongly developed; in addition to which, it claims an equal -degree of notice for the high price which luxury sets upon its -shell,<a id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">98</a> and the singularity of its conformation. Of tortoises, -there are various kinds, land tortoises,<a id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">99</a> sea tortoises,<a id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">100</a> tortoises<a id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">101</a> -which live in muddy waters, and tortoises<a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">101</a> which live in fresh; -these last being known to some Greek authors by the name of -“emydes.” The flesh of the land-tortoise is employed for -fumigations more particularly, and we find it asserted that it -is highly salutary for repelling the malpractices of magic, and for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16">16</a></span> -neutralizing poisons. These tortoises are found in the greatest -numbers in Africa; where the head and feet being first cut off, -it is said, they are given to persons by way of antidote. -Eaten, too, in a broth made from them, they are thought to -disperse scrofula, diminish the volume of the spleen, and effect -the cure of epilepsy. The blood of the land-tortoise improves -the eyesight, and removes cataract: it is kept also, made up -with meal into pills, which are given with wine when necessary, -to neutralize the poison of all kinds of serpents, frogs, -spiders, and similar venomous animals. It is found a useful -plan, too, in cases of glaucoma, to anoint the eyes with gall of -tortoises, mixed with Attic honey, and, for the cure of injuries -inflicted by scorpions, to drop the gall into the wound.</p> - -<p>Ashes of tortoiseshell, kneaded up with wine and oil, are -used for the cure of chaps upon the feet, and of ulcerations. -The shavings of the surface of the shell, administered in drink, -act as an antaphrodisiac: a thing that is the more surprising, -from the fact that a powder prepared from the whole of the shell -has the reputation of being a strong aphrodisiac. As to the urine -of the land-tortoise, I do not think that it can be obtained -otherwise than by opening it and taking out the bladder; this -being one of those substances to which the adepts in magic -attribute such marvellous properties. For the sting of the -asp, they say, it is wonderfully effectual; and even more so, -if bugs are mixed with it. The eggs of the tortoise, hardened -by keeping, are applied to scrofulous sores and ulcers arising -from burns or cold: they are taken also for pains in the -stomach.</p> - -<p>The flesh of the sea-tortoise,<a id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">102</a> mixed with that of frogs, is -an excellent remedy for injuries caused by the salamander;<a id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">103</a> -indeed there is nothing that is a better neutralizer of the secretions -of the salamander than the sea-tortoise. The blood of -this animal reproduces the hair when lost through alopecy, -and is curative of porrigo and all kinds of ulcerations of the -head; the proper method of using it being to let it dry, and -then gently wash it off. For the cure of ear-ache, this blood -is injected with woman’s milk, and for epilepsy it is eaten -with fine wheaten flour, three heminæ of the blood being -mixed with one hemina of vinegar. It is prescribed also for -the cure of asthma; but in this case in combination with one<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17">17</a></span> -hemina of wine. Sometimes, too, it is taken by asthmatic -patients, with barley-meal and vinegar, in pieces about the -size of a bean; one of these pieces being taken each morning -and evening at first, but after some days, two in the -evening. In cases of epilepsy, the mouth of the patient -is opened and this blood introduced. For spasmodic affections, -when not of a violent nature, it is injected, in combination with -castoreum, as a clyster. If a person rinses his teeth three -times a year with blood of tortoises, he will be always exempt -from tooth-ache. This blood is also a cure for asthmatic -affections, and for the malady called “orthopnœa,” being administered -for these purposes in polenta.</p> - -<p>The gall of the tortoise improves the eye-sight, effaces scars, -and cures affections of the tonsillary glands, quinsy, and all -kinds of diseases of the mouth, cancers of that part more particularly, -as well as cancer of the testes. Applied to the nostrils -it dispels epilepsy, and sets the patient on his feet: -incorporated in vinegar with the slough of a snake, it is a -sovereign remedy for purulent discharges from the ears. Some -persons add ox-gall and the broth of boiled tortoise-flesh, with -an equal proportion of snake’s slough; but in such case, care -must be taken to boil the tortoise in wine. Applied with -honey, this gall is curative of all diseases of the eyes; and -for the cure of cataract, gall of the sea-tortoise is used, in -combination with blood of the river-tortoise and milk. The -hair, too, of females, is dyed<a id="FNanchor_104_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_104" class="fnanchor">104</a> with this gall. For the cure of -injuries inflicted by the salamander, it will be quite sufficient -to drink the broth of boiled tortoise-flesh.</p> - -<p>There is, again, a third<a id="FNanchor_105_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_105_105" class="fnanchor">105</a> kind of tortoise, which inhabits mud -and swampy localities: the shell on its back is flat and broad, -like that upon the breast, and the callipash is not arched and -rounded, the creature being altogether of a repulsive appearance. -However, there are some remedial medicaments to be -derived even from this animal. Thus, for instance, three of -them are thrown into a fire made with wood cuttings, and the -moment their shells begin to separate they are taken off: the -flesh is then removed, and boiled with a little salt, in one congius -of water. When the water has boiled down to one third,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18">18</a></span> -the broth is used, being taken by persons apprehensive of -paralysis or of diseases of the joints. The gall, too, is found -very useful for carrying off pituitous humours and corrupt -blood: taken in cold water, it has an astringent effect upon -the bowels.</p> - -<p>There is a fourth kind of tortoise, which frequents rivers. -When used for its remedial properties, the shell of the animal -is removed, and the fat separated from the flesh and beaten up -with the plant aizoüm,<a id="FNanchor_106_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_106_106" class="fnanchor">106</a> in combination with unguent and lily -seed: a preparation highly effectual, it is said, for the cure of -quartan fevers, the patient being rubbed with it all over, the -head excepted, just before the paroxysms come on, and then -well wrapped up and made to drink hot water. It is stated -also, that to obtain as much fat as possible, the tortoise should -be taken on the fifteenth day of the moon, the patient being -anointed on the sixteenth. The blood of this tortoise, dropt, -by way of embrocation, upon the region of the brain, allays -head-ache; it is curative also of scrofulous sores. Some persons -recommend that the tortoise should be laid<a id="FNanchor_107_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_107_107" class="fnanchor">107</a> upon its back -and its head cut off with a copper knife, the blood being received -in a new earthen vessel; and they assure us that the -blood of any kind of tortoise, when thus obtained, will be an -excellent liniment for the cure of erysipelas, running ulcers -upon the head, and warts. Upon the same authority, too, we -are assured that the dung of any kind of tortoise is good for -the removal of inflammatory tumours. Incredible also as -the statement is, we find it asserted by some, that ships<a id="FNanchor_108_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_108_108" class="fnanchor">108</a> make -way more slowly when they have the right foot of a tortoise -on board.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_15"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 15.—REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE AQUATIC ANIMALS, -CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE RESPECTIVE DISEASES.</span></h3></div> - - -<p>We will now proceed to classify the various remedies derived -from the aquatic animals, according to the several diseases; -not that we are by any means unaware that an exposition -of all the properties of each animal at once, would be -more to the reader’s taste, and more likely to excite his admiration;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19">19</a></span> -but because we consider it more conducive to the -practical benefit of mankind to have the various recipes thus -grouped and classified; seeing that this thing may be good for -one patient, that for another, and that some of these remedies -may be more easily met with in one place and some in another.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_16"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 16. (5.)—REMEDIES FOR POISONS, AND FOR NOXIOUS SPELLS. -THE DORADE: FOUR REMEDIES. THE SEA-STAR: SEVEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We have already<a id="FNanchor_109_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_109_109" class="fnanchor">109</a> stated in what country the honey is -venomous: the fish known as the dorade<a id="FNanchor_110_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_110_110" class="fnanchor">110</a> is an antidote to its -effects. Honey, even in a pure state, is sometimes productive of -surfeit, and of fits of indigestion, remarkable for their severity; -the best remedy in such case, according to Pelops, is to cut off -the feet, head, and tail, of a tortoise, and boil and eat the -body; in place, however, of the tortoise, Apelles mentions -the scincus, an animal which has been described elsewhere.<a id="FNanchor_111_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_111_111" class="fnanchor">111</a> -We have already mentioned too, on several occasions,<a id="FNanchor_112_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_112_112" class="fnanchor">112</a> how -highly venomous is the menstruous fluid: the surmullet, as -already<a id="FNanchor_113_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_113_113" class="fnanchor">113</a> stated, entirely neutralizes its effects. This last fish, -too, either applied topically or taken as food, acts as an antidote -to the venom<a id="FNanchor_114_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_114_114" class="fnanchor">114</a> of the pastinaca, the land and sea scorpion, -the dragon,<a id="FNanchor_115_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_115_115" class="fnanchor">115</a> and the phalangium.<a id="FNanchor_116_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_116_116" class="fnanchor">116</a> The head of this -fish, taken fresh and reduced to ashes, is an active neutralizer -of all poisons, that of fungi more particularly.</p> - -<p>It is asserted also, that if the fish called the sea-star<a id="FNanchor_117_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_117_117" class="fnanchor">117</a> is -smeared with a fox’s blood, and then nailed to the upper lintel -of the door, or to the door itself, with a copper nail, no noxious -spells will be able to obtain admittance, or, at all events, to be -productive of any ill effects.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20">20</a></span></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_17"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 17.—REMEDIES FOR THE STINGS OF SERPENTS, FOR THE -BITES OF DOGS, AND FOR INJURIES INFLICTED BY VENOMOUS -ANIMALS. THE SEA-DRAGON: THREE REMEDIES. TWENTY-FIVE -REMEDIES DERIVED FROM SALTED FISH. THE SARDA: ONE -REMEDY. ELEVEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM CYBIUM.</span></h3></div> - - -<p>Stings inflicted by the sea-dragon<a id="FNanchor_118_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_118_118" class="fnanchor">118</a> or by the sea-scorpion, -are cured by an application<a id="FNanchor_119_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_119_119" class="fnanchor">119</a> of the flesh of those animals to -the wound; the bites, too, of spiders are healed by the same -means. In fine, as an antidote to every kind of poison, whether -taken internally or acting through the agency of a sting or -bite, there is considered to be nothing in existence more effectual -than a decoction of the sea-dragon and sea-scorpion.</p> - -<p>There are also certain remedies of this nature derived from -preserved fish. Persons, for instance, who have received injuries -from serpents, or have been bitten by other venomous -animals, are recommended to eat salt fish, and to drink undiluted -wine every now and then, so as, through its agency, to -bring up the whole of the food again by vomit: this method -being particularly good in cases where injuries have been -received from the lizard called “chalcis,”<a id="FNanchor_120_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_120_120" class="fnanchor">120</a> the cerastes,<a id="FNanchor_121_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_121_121" class="fnanchor">121</a> -the reptile known as the “seps,”<a id="FNanchor_122_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_122_122" class="fnanchor">122</a> the elops,<a id="FNanchor_123_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_123_123" class="fnanchor">123</a> or the dipsas.<a id="FNanchor_124_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_124_124" class="fnanchor">124</a> -For the sting of the scorpion, salted fish should be taken in -larger quantities, but not brought up again, the patient submitting -to any amount of thirst it may create: salt fish, too, -should be applied, by way of plaster, to the wound. For the -bite of the crocodile there is no more efficient remedy known. -For the sting of the serpent called “prester,” the sarda<a id="FNanchor_125_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_125_125" class="fnanchor">125</a> is -particularly good. Salt fish is employed also as a topical application -for the bite of the mad dog; and even in cases where<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21">21</a></span> -the wound has not been cauterized with hot iron, this is found -to be sufficiently effectual as a remedy. For injuries, also, -inflicted by the sea-dragon,<a id="FNanchor_126_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_126_126" class="fnanchor">126</a> an application is made of salt -fish steeped in vinegar. Cybium,<a id="FNanchor_127_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_127_127" class="fnanchor">127</a> too, is productive of similar -effects. As a cure for the venomous sting inflicted with its -stickle by the sea-dragon, the fish itself is applied topically -to the wound, or else its brain, extracted whole.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_18"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 18.—THE SEA-FROG: SIX REMEDIES. THE RIVER-FROG: -FIFTY-TWO REMEDIES. THE BRAMBLE-FROG: ONE REMEDY. -THIRTY-TWO OBSERVATIONS ON THESE ANIMALS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The broth prepared from sea-frogs,<a id="FNanchor_128_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_128_128" class="fnanchor">128</a> boiled in wine and vinegar, -is taken internally as a neutralizer of poisons and of the -venom of the bramble-frog,<a id="FNanchor_129_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_129_129" class="fnanchor">129</a> as also for injuries inflicted by -the salamander.<a id="FNanchor_130_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_130_130" class="fnanchor">130</a> For the cure of injuries caused by the sea-hare -and the various serpents above mentioned, it is a good -plan to eat the flesh of river-frogs, or to drink the liquor in -which they have been boiled: as a neutralizer, too, of the -venom of the scorpion, river-frogs are taken in wine. Democritus -assures us that if the tongue is extracted from a live -frog, with no other part of the body adhering to it, and is -then applied—the frog being first replaced in the water—to a -woman while asleep, just at the spot where the heart is felt to -palpitate, she will be sure to give a truthful answer to any -question that may be put to her.</p> - -<p>To this the Magi<a id="FNanchor_131_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_131_131" class="fnanchor">131</a> add some other particulars, which, if there -is any truth in them, would lead us to believe that frogs ought -to be considered much more useful to society than laws.<a id="FNanchor_132_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_132_132" class="fnanchor">132</a> -They say, for instance, that if a man takes a frog and transfixes -it with a reed, entering the body at the sexual parts and -coming out at the mouth, and then dips the reed in the menstrual -discharge of his wife, she will be sure to conceive an -aversion for all paramours. That the flesh of frogs, attached -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22">22</a></span>to the kype or hook, as the case may be, makes a most excellent -bait, for purples more particularly, is a well-known fact. -Frogs, they say, have a double<a id="FNanchor_133_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_133_133" class="fnanchor">133</a> liver; and of this liver, when -exposed to the attacks of ants, the part that is most eaten -away is thought to be an effectual antidote to every kind of -poison.</p> - -<p>There are some frogs, again, which live only among brakes -and thickets, for which reason they have received the name of -“rubetæ,”<a id="FNanchor_134_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_134_134" class="fnanchor">134</a> or “bramble-frogs,” as already<a id="FNanchor_135_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_135_135" class="fnanchor">135</a> stated. The -Greeks call them “phryni:” they are the largest in size of -all the frogs, have two protuberances<a id="FNanchor_136_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_136_136" class="fnanchor">136</a> like horns, and are -full<a id="FNanchor_137_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_137_137" class="fnanchor">137</a> of poison. Authors quite vie with one another in relating -marvellous stories about them; such, for instance, as that -if they are brought into the midst of a concourse of people, -silence will instantly prevail; as also that by throwing into boiling -water a small bone that is found in their right side, the -vessel will immediately cool, and the water refuse to boil again -until it has been removed. This bone, they say, may be -found by exposing a dead bramble-frog to ants, and letting -them eat away the flesh: after which the bones must be put -into the vessel,<a id="FNanchor_138_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_138_138" class="fnanchor">138</a> one by one.</p> - -<p>On the other hand, again, in the left side of this reptile -there is another bone, they say, which, thrown into water, has -all the appearance of making it boil, and the name given to -which is “apocynon.”<a id="FNanchor_139_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_139_139" class="fnanchor">139</a> This bone, it is said, has the property -of assuaging the fury of dogs, and, if put into the drink, -of conciliating love and ending discord and strife. Worn, -too, as an amulet, it acts as an aphrodisiac, we are told. The -bone, on the contrary, which is taken from the right side, acts -powerfully as a refrigerative upon boiling liquids, it is said: -attached to the patient in a piece of fresh lamb’s-skin, it has -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23">23</a></span>the repute of assuaging quartan and other fevers, and of checking -amorous propensities. The spleen of these frogs is used as -an antidote to the various poisons that are prepared from them; -and for all these purposes the liver is considered still more -efficacious.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_19"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 19.—THE ENHYDRIS: SIX REMEDIES. THE RIVER-CRAB: -FOURTEEN REMEDIES. THE SEA-CRAB: SEVEN REMEDIES. THE -RIVER-SNAIL: SEVEN REMEDIES. THE CORACINUS: FOUR REMEDIES. -THE SEA-PIG: TWO REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is also a snake<a id="FNanchor_140_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_140_140" class="fnanchor">140</a> which lives in the water, the fat and -gall of which, carried about them by persons when in pursuit -of the crocodile, are said to be marvellously efficacious, the -beast not venturing, in such case, to make an attack upon -them. As such preservative, they are still more effectual -if mixed with the herbaceous plant known as potamogiton.<a id="FNanchor_141_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_141_141" class="fnanchor">141</a> -River-crabs,<a id="FNanchor_142_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_142_142" class="fnanchor">142</a> taken fresh and beaten up and drunk in water, -or the ashes of them, kept for the purpose, are useful in all -cases of poisoning, as a counter-poison: taken with asses’ -milk they are particularly serviceable as a neutralizer of the -venom of the scorpion; goats’ milk or any other kind of milk -being substituted where asses’ milk cannot be procured. Wine, -too, should also be used in all such cases. River-crabs, beaten -up with ocimum,<a id="FNanchor_143_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_143_143" class="fnanchor">143</a> and applied to scorpions, are fatal to them. -They are possessed of similar virtues, also, for the bites of all -other kinds of venomous animals, the scytale<a id="FNanchor_144_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_144_144" class="fnanchor">144</a> in particular, -adders, the sea-hare, and the bramble-frog. The ashes of them, -preserved, are good for persons who give symptoms of hydrophobia -after being bitten by a mad dog, some adding gentian -as well, and administering the mixture in wine. In cases, -too, where hydrophobia has already appeared, it is recommended -that these ashes should be kneaded up into boluses with -wine, and swallowed. If ten of these crabs are tied together -with a handful of ocimum,<a id="FNanchor_145_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_145_145" class="fnanchor">145</a> all the scorpions in the neighbourhood, -the magicians say, will be attracted to the spot. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24">24</a></span>They recommend, also, that to wounds inflicted by the scorpion, -these crabs, or the ashes of them, should be applied, with -ocimum. For all these purposes, however, sea-crabs, it should -be remembered, are not so useful. Thrasyllus informs us that -there is nothing so antagonistic to serpents as crabs; that -swine, when stung by a serpent, cure themselves by eating -them; and that, while the sun is in the sign of Cancer,<a id="FNanchor_146_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_146_146" class="fnanchor">146</a> serpents -suffer the greatest tortures.</p> - -<p>The flesh, too, of river-snails, eaten either raw or boiled, is -an excellent antidote to the venom of the scorpion, some persons -keeping them salted for the purpose. These snails are applied, -also, topically to the wound.</p> - -<p>The coracinus<a id="FNanchor_147_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_147_147" class="fnanchor">147</a> is a fish peculiar to the river Nilus, it is -true, but the particulars we are here relating are for the benefit -of all parts of the world: the flesh of it is most excellent as -an application for the cure of wounds inflicted by scorpions. -In the number of the poisonous fishes we ought to reckon the -sea-pig,<a id="FNanchor_148_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_148_148" class="fnanchor">148</a> a fish which causes great suffering to those who have -been pierced with the pointed fin upon its back: the proper -remedy in such case is the slime taken from the other parts -of the body of the fish.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_20"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 20.—THE SEA-CALF: TEN REMEDIES. THE MURÆNA: ONE -REMEDY. THE HIPPOCAMPUS: NINE REMEDIES. THE SEA-URCHIN: -ELEVEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In cases of hydrophobia resulting from the bite of the mad -dog, the practice is to rub the patient’s face with the fat of -the sea-calf; an application rendered still more efficacious by -the admixture of hyæna’s marrow, oil of mastich, and wax. -Bites inflicted by the muræna are cured by an application of -the head of that fish, reduced to ashes. The pastinaca,<a id="FNanchor_149_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_149_149" class="fnanchor">149</a> also, -is remedial for its own bite, the ashes of the same fish, or of -another of the same genus, being applied to the wound with -vinegar. When this fish is intended for food, every portion of -the back that is of a saffron colour should be removed, as well -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25">25</a></span>as the whole of the head: care, too, should be taken not to -wash it over much; an observation equally applicable to all -kinds of shell-fish, when intended for food, the flavour being -deteriorated<a id="FNanchor_150_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_150_150" class="fnanchor">150</a> thereby.</p> - -<p>The hippocampus,<a id="FNanchor_151_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_151_151" class="fnanchor">151</a> taken in drink, neutralizes the poison -of the sea-hare. As a counter-poison to dorycnium,<a id="FNanchor_152_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_152_152" class="fnanchor">152</a> sea-urchins -are remarkably useful; as also in cases where persons -have taken juice of carpathum<a id="FNanchor_153_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_153_153" class="fnanchor">153</a> internally; more particularly -if the urchins are used with the liquor in which they are -boiled. Boiled sea-crabs, too, are looked upon as highly efficacious -in cases of poisoning by dorycnium; and as a neutralizer -of the venom of the sea-hare they are particularly good.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_21"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 21. (6.)—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF OYSTERS: FIFTY-EIGHT -REMEDIES AND OBSERVATIONS. PURPLES: NINE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Oysters, too, neutralize the venom of the sea-hare—and now -that we are speaking of oysters, it may possibly be thought that -I have not treated of this subject at sufficient length in the -former part<a id="FNanchor_154_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_154_154" class="fnanchor">154</a> of my work, seeing that for this long time past -the palm has been awarded to them at our tables as a most -exquisite dish. Oysters love fresh water and spots<a id="FNanchor_155_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_155_155" class="fnanchor">155</a> where -numerous rivers discharge themselves into the sea; hence it -is that the pelagia<a id="FNanchor_156_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_156_156" class="fnanchor">156</a> are of such small size and so few in number. -Still, however, we do find them breeding among rocks -and in places far remote from the contact of fresh water, as in -the neighbourhood of Grynium<a id="FNanchor_157_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_157_157" class="fnanchor">157</a> and of Myrina,<a id="FNanchor_158_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_158_158" class="fnanchor">158</a> for example. -Generally speaking, they increase in size with the increase of -the moon, as already stated by us when<a id="FNanchor_159_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_159_159" class="fnanchor">159</a> treating of the aquatic -animals: but it is at the beginning of summer, more particularly, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26">26</a></span>and when the rays of the sun penetrate the shallow -waters, that they are swollen with an abundance of milk.<a id="FNanchor_160_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_160_160" class="fnanchor">160</a> This, -too, would appear to be the reason why they are so small when -found out at sea; the opacity of the water tending to arrest -their growth, and the moping consequent thereon producing a -comparative indisposition for food.</p> - -<p>Oysters are of various colours; in Spain they are red, in -Illyricum of a tawny hue, and at Circeii<a id="FNanchor_161_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_161_161" class="fnanchor">161</a> black, both in meat -and shell. But in every country, those oysters are the most -highly esteemed that are compact without being slimy from -their secretions, and are remarkable more for their thickness -than their breadth. They should never be taken in either -muddy or sandy spots, but from a firm, hard bottom; the -meat<a id="FNanchor_162_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_162_162" class="fnanchor">162</a> should be compressed, and not of a fleshy consistence; -and the oyster should be free from fringed edges, and lying -wholly in the cavity of the shell. Persons of experience in -these matters add another characteristic; a fine purple thread, -they say, should run round the margins of the beard, this being -looked upon as a sign of superior quality, and obtaining for -them their name of “calliblephara.”<a id="FNanchor_163_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_163_163" class="fnanchor">163</a></p> - -<p>Oysters are all the better for travelling and being removed -to new waters; thus, for example, the oysters of Brundisium, -it is thought, when fed in the waters of Avernus, both retain -their own native juices and acquire the flavour of those of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27">27</a></span>Lake Lucrinus.<a id="FNanchor_164_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_164_164" class="fnanchor">164</a> Thus much with reference to the meat of -the oyster; we will now turn to the various countries which -produce it, so that no coast may be deprived of the honours -which properly belong to it. But in giving this description -we will speak in the language of another, using the words of -a writer who has evinced more careful discernment in treating -of this subject than any of the other authors of our day. -These then are the words of Mucianus, in reference to the -oyster:—“The oysters of Cyzicus<a id="FNanchor_165_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_165_165" class="fnanchor">165</a> are larger than those of -Lake Lucrinus,<a id="FNanchor_166_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_166_166" class="fnanchor">166</a> fresher<a id="FNanchor_167_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_167_167" class="fnanchor">167</a> than those of the British coasts,<a id="FNanchor_168_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_168_168" class="fnanchor">168</a> -sweeter<a id="FNanchor_169_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_169_169" class="fnanchor">169</a> than those of Medulæ,<a id="FNanchor_170_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_170_170" class="fnanchor">170</a> more tasty<a id="FNanchor_171_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_171_171" class="fnanchor">171</a> than those of -Ephesus, more plump than those of Lucus,<a id="FNanchor_172_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_172_172" class="fnanchor">172</a> less slimy than -those of Coryphas,<a id="FNanchor_173_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_173_173" class="fnanchor">173</a> more delicate than those of Istria,<a id="FNanchor_174_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_174_174" class="fnanchor">174</a> and -whiter than those of Circeii.”<a id="FNanchor_175_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_175_175" class="fnanchor">175</a> For all this, however, it is a -fact well ascertained that there are no oysters fresher or more -delicate than those of Circeii, last mentioned.</p> - -<p>According to the historians of the expedition of Alexander, -there were oysters found in the Indian Sea a foot<a id="FNanchor_176_176"></a><a href="#Footnote_176_176" class="fnanchor">176</a> in diameter: -among ourselves, too, the nomenclature of some spendthrift -and gourmand has found for certain oysters the name of “tridacna,”<a id="FNanchor_177_177"></a><a href="#Footnote_177_177" class="fnanchor">177</a> -wishing it to be understood thereby, that they are so -large as to require three bites in eating them. We will -take the present opportunity of stating all the medicinal properties -that are attributed to oysters. They are singularly -refreshing<a id="FNanchor_178_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_178_178" class="fnanchor">178</a> to the stomach, and tend to restore the appetite. -Luxury, too, has imparted to them an additional coolness -by burying them in snow, thus making a medley of the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28">28</a></span>produce of the tops of mountains and the bottom of the sea. -Oysters are slightly laxative to the bowels; and boiled in -honied wine, they relieve tenesmus, in cases where it is unattended -with ulceration. They act detergently also upon -ulcerations of the bladder.<a id="FNanchor_179_179"></a><a href="#Footnote_179_179" class="fnanchor">179</a> Boiled in their shells, unopened -just as they come to hand, oysters are marvellously efficacious -for rheumatic defluxions. Calcined oyster-shells, mixed with -honey, allay affections of the uvula and of the tonsillary glands: -they are similarly used for imposthumes of the parotid glands, -inflamed tumours, and indurations of the mamillæ. Applied -with water, these ashes are good for ulcerations of the head, -and impart a plumpness to the skin in females. They are -sprinkled, too, upon burns, and are highly esteemed as a dentifrice. -Applied with vinegar, they are good for the removal -of prurigo and of pituitous eruptions. Beaten up in a raw -state, they are curative of scrofula and of chilblains upon the -feet.</p> - -<p>Purples, too, are useful<a id="FNanchor_180_180"></a><a href="#Footnote_180_180" class="fnanchor">180</a> as a counterpoison.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_22"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 22.—SEA-WEED: TWO REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>According to Nicander, sea-weed is also a theriac.<a id="FNanchor_181_181"></a><a href="#Footnote_181_181" class="fnanchor">181</a> There -are numerous varieties of it, as already<a id="FNanchor_182_182"></a><a href="#Footnote_182_182" class="fnanchor">182</a> stated; one, for instance, -with an elongated leaf, another red, another again with a -broader leaf, and another crisped. The most esteemed kind of -all is that which grows off the shores of Crete, upon the rocks -there, close to the ground: it being used also for dyeing wool, -as it has the property<a id="FNanchor_183_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_183" class="fnanchor">183</a> of so fixing the colours as never to -allow of their being washed out. Nicander recommends it to -be taken with wine.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29">29</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_23"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 23. (7.)—REMEDIES FOR ALOPECY, CHANGE OF COLOUR -IN THE HAIR, AND ULCERATIONS OF THE HEAD. THE SEA-MOUSE: -TWO REMEDIES, THE SEA-SCORPION: TWELVE REMEDIES. -THE LEECH: SEVEN REMEDIES. THE MUREX: THIRTEEN -REMEDIES. THE CONCHYLIUM: FIVE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Ashes of the hippocampus,<a id="FNanchor_184_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_184_184" class="fnanchor">184</a> mixed with nitre<a id="FNanchor_185_185"></a><a href="#Footnote_185_185" class="fnanchor">185</a> and hog’s -lard, or else used solely with vinegar, are curative of alopecy; -the skin being first prepared for the reception of the necessary -medicaments by an application of powdered bone of sæpia.<a id="FNanchor_186_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_186_186" class="fnanchor">186</a> -Alopecy is cured also with ashes of the sea-mouse,<a id="FNanchor_187_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_187_187" class="fnanchor">187</a> mixed with -oil; ashes of the sea-urchin, burnt, flesh and all together; -the gall of the sea-scorpion;<a id="FNanchor_188_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_188_188" class="fnanchor">188</a> or else ashes of three frogs -burnt alive in an earthen pot, applied with honey, or what -is still better, in combination with tar. Leeches left to putrefy -for forty days in red wine stain the hair black. Others, again, -recommend one sextarius of leeches to be left to putrefy the -same number of days in a leaden vessel, with two sextarii of -vinegar, the hair to be well rubbed with the mixture in the -sun. According to Sornatius, this preparation is naturally -so penetrating, that if females, when they apply it, do not -take the precaution of keeping some oil in the mouth, the -teeth even will become blackened thereby. Ashes of burnt -shells of the murex or purple are used as a liniment, with honey, -for ulcerations of the head; the shells, too, of other shell-fish,<a id="FNanchor_189_189"></a><a href="#Footnote_189_189" class="fnanchor">189</a> -powdered merely, and not calcined, are very useful for the same -purpose, applied with water. For the cure of head-ache, -castoreum is employed, in combination with peucedanum<a id="FNanchor_190_190"></a><a href="#Footnote_190_190" class="fnanchor">190</a> and -oil of roses.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 24.—REMEDIES FOR DISEASES OF THE EYES AND EYELIDS. -TWO REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE FAT OF FISHES. -THE CALLIONYMUS: THREE REMEDIES. THE GALL OF THE -CORACINUS: ONE REMEDY. THE SÆPIA: TWENTY-FOUR REMEDIES. -ICHTHYOCOLLA: FIVE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The fat of all kinds of fish, both fresh-water as well as sea -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30">30</a></span>fish, melted in the sun and incorporated with honey, is an -excellent improver of the eye-sight;<a id="FNanchor_191_191"></a><a href="#Footnote_191_191" class="fnanchor">191</a> the same, too, with -castoreum,<a id="FNanchor_192_192"></a><a href="#Footnote_192_192" class="fnanchor">192</a> in combination with honey. The gall of the -callionymus<a id="FNanchor_193_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_193_193" class="fnanchor">193</a> heals marks upon the eyes and cauterizes fleshy -excrescences about those organs: indeed, there is no fish with -a larger quantity of gall than this, an opinion expressed too -by Menander in his Comedies.<a id="FNanchor_194_194"></a><a href="#Footnote_194_194" class="fnanchor">194</a> This fish is known also as -the “uranoscopos,”<a id="FNanchor_195_195"></a><a href="#Footnote_195_195" class="fnanchor">195</a> from the eyes being situate in the upper -part of the head.<a id="FNanchor_196_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_196_196" class="fnanchor">196</a> The gall, too, of the coracinus<a id="FNanchor_197_197"></a><a href="#Footnote_197_197" class="fnanchor">197</a> has the -effect of sharpening the eyesight.</p> - -<p>The gall of the red sea-scorpion,<a id="FNanchor_198_198"></a><a href="#Footnote_198_198" class="fnanchor">198</a> used with stale oil or Attic -honey, disperses incipient cataract; for which purpose, the -application should be made three times, on alternate days. A -similar method is also employed for removing indurations<a id="FNanchor_199_199"></a><a href="#Footnote_199_199" class="fnanchor">199</a> of -the membrane of the eyes. The surmullet, used as a diet, -weakens the eyesight, it is said. The sea-hare is poisonous -itself, but the ashes of it are useful as an application for preventing -superfluous hairs on the eyelids from growing again, -when they have been once pulled out by the roots. For this -purpose, however, the smaller the fish is, the better. Small -scallops, too, are salted and beaten up with cedar resin for a -similar purpose, or else the frogs known as “diopetes”<a id="FNanchor_200_200"></a><a href="#Footnote_200_200" class="fnanchor">200</a> and -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31">31</a></span>“calamitæ,” are used; the blood of them being applied with vine -gum to the eyelids, after the hairs have been removed.</p> - -<p>Powdered shell<a id="FNanchor_201_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_201_201" class="fnanchor">201</a> of sæpia, applied with woman’s milk, -allays swellings and inflammations of the eyes; employed by -itself it removes eruptions of the eyelids. When this remedy -is used, it is the practice to turn up the eyelids, and to leave -the medicament there a few moments only; after which, the -part is anointed with oil of roses, and the inflammation modified -by the application of a bread-poultice. Powdered bone -of sæpia is used also for the treatment of nyctalopy, being -applied to the eyes with vinegar. Reduced to ashes, this -substance removes scales upon the eyes: applied with honey, -it effaces marks upon those organs: and used with salt and -cadmia,<a id="FNanchor_202_202"></a><a href="#Footnote_202_202" class="fnanchor">202</a> one drachma of each, it disperses webs which impede -the eyesight, as also albugo in the eyes of cattle. They -say, too, that if the eyelids are rubbed with the small bone<a id="FNanchor_203_203"></a><a href="#Footnote_203_203" class="fnanchor">203</a> -taken from this fish, a perfect cure will be experienced.</p> - -<p>Sea-urchins, applied with vinegar, cause epinyctis to disappear. -According to what the magicians say, they should be -burnt with vipers’ skins and frogs, and the ashes sprinkled in -the drink; a great improvement of the eyesight being guaranteed -as the sure result.</p> - -<p>“Ichthyocolla”<a id="FNanchor_204_204"></a><a href="#Footnote_204_204" class="fnanchor">204</a> is the name given to a fish with a glutinous -skin; the glue made from which is also known by the same -name, and is highly useful for the removal of epinyctis. -Some persons, however, assert that it is from the belly of the -fish, and not the skin—as in the case of bull glue—that the -ichthyocolla is prepared. That of Pontus<a id="FNanchor_205_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_205_205" class="fnanchor">205</a> is highly esteemed: -it is white, free from veins or scales, and dissolves with the -greatest rapidity. The proper way of using it, is to cut it -into small pieces, and then to leave it to soak in water or -vinegar a night and a day, after which it should be pounded -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32">32</a></span>with sea-shore pebbles, to make it melt the more easily. It -is generally asserted that this substance is good for pains in -the head and for tetanus.</p> - -<p>The right eye of a frog, suspended from the neck in a piece -of cloth made from wool of the natural colour,<a id="FNanchor_206_206"></a><a href="#Footnote_206_206" class="fnanchor">206</a> is a cure for -ophthalmia in the right eye; and the left eye of a frog, similarly -suspended, for ophthalmia in the left. If the eyes, too, -of a frog are taken out at the time of the moon’s conjunction, -and similarly worn by the patient, enclosed in an eggshell, -they will effectually remove indurations of the membrane of -the eyes. The rest of the flesh applied topically, removes -all marks resulting from blows. The eyes, too, of a crab, -worn attached to the neck, by way of amulet, are a cure for -ophthalmia, it is said. There is a small frog<a id="FNanchor_207_207"></a><a href="#Footnote_207_207" class="fnanchor">207</a> which lives in -reed-beds and among grass more particularly, never croaks, -being quite destitute of voice, is of a green colour, and is apt -to cause tympanitis in cattle, if they should happen to swallow -it. The slimy moisture on this reptile’s body, scraped off with -a spatula and applied to the eyes, greatly improves the sight, -they say: the flesh, too, is employed as a topical application -for the removal of pains in the eyes.</p> - -<p>Some persons take fifteen frogs, and after spitting them -upon as many bulrushes, put them into a new earthen vessel: -they then mix the juices which flow from them, with gum of -the white vine,<a id="FNanchor_208_208"></a><a href="#Footnote_208_208" class="fnanchor">208</a> and use it as an application for the eye-lids; -first pulling out such eye-lashes as are in the way, and then -dropping the preparation with the point of a needle into the -places from which the hairs have been removed. Meges<a id="FNanchor_209_209"></a><a href="#Footnote_209_209" class="fnanchor">209</a> -used to prepare a depilatory for the eyelids, by killing frogs -in vinegar, and leaving them to putrefy; for which purpose -he employed the spotted frogs which make their appearance in -vast numbers<a id="FNanchor_210_210"></a><a href="#Footnote_210_210" class="fnanchor">210</a> during the rains of autumn. Ashes of burnt -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33">33</a></span>leeches, it is thought, applied in vinegar, are productive of a -similar effect; care must be taken, however, to burn them in -a new earthen vessel. Dried liver, too, of the tunny,<a id="FNanchor_211_211"></a><a href="#Footnote_211_211" class="fnanchor">211</a> made -up into an ointment, in the proportion of four denarii, with -oil of cedar, and applied as a depilatory for nine months together, -is considered to be highly effectual for this purpose.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_25"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 25.—REMEDIES FOR DISEASES OF THE EARS. THE BATIA: -ONE REMEDY. THE BACCHUS OR MYXON: TWO REMEDIES. -THE SEA-LOUSE: TWO REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>For diseases of the ears, fresh gall of the fish called -“batia”<a id="FNanchor_212_212"></a><a href="#Footnote_212_212" class="fnanchor">212</a> is remarkably good; the same, too, when it has -been kept in wine. The gall, also, of the bacchus,<a id="FNanchor_213_213"></a><a href="#Footnote_213_213" class="fnanchor">213</a> by some -known as the “myxon,” is equally good; as also that of the -callionymus,<a id="FNanchor_214_214"></a><a href="#Footnote_214_214" class="fnanchor">214</a> injected into the ears with oil of roses, or else -castoreum,<a id="FNanchor_215_215"></a><a href="#Footnote_215_215" class="fnanchor">215</a> used with poppy-juice. There are certain animals -too, known as “sea-lice,”<a id="FNanchor_216_216"></a><a href="#Footnote_216_216" class="fnanchor">216</a> which are recommended as an -injection for the ears, beaten up with vinegar. Wool, too, -that has been dyed with the juice of the murex, employed -by itself, is highly useful for this purpose; some persons, -however moisten it with vinegar and nitre.<a id="FNanchor_217_217"></a><a href="#Footnote_217_217" class="fnanchor">217</a></p> - -<p>Others, again, more particularly recommend for all affections -of the ears one cyathus of the best garum,<a id="FNanchor_218_218"></a><a href="#Footnote_218_218" class="fnanchor">218</a> with one cyathus -and a half of honey, and one cyathus of vinegar, the whole -gently boiled in a new pot over a slow fire, and skimmed with -a feather every now and then: when it has become wholly -free from scum, it is injected lukewarm into the ears. In -cases where the ears are swollen, the same authorities recommend -that the swellings should be first reduced with juice of -coriander. The fat of frogs, injected into the ears, instantly -removes all pains in these organs. The juice of river-crabs, -kneaded up with barley-meal, is a most effectual remedy for -wounds in the ears. Shells of the murex, reduced to ashes, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34">34</a></span>and applied with honey, or the burnt shells of other shell-fish,<a id="FNanchor_219_219"></a><a href="#Footnote_219_219" class="fnanchor">219</a> -used with honied wine, are curative of imposthumes of -the parotid glands.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_26"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 26.—REMEDIES FOR TOOTH-ACHE. THE DOG-FISH: FOUR -REMEDIES. WHALE’S FLESH.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Tooth-ache is alleviated by scarifying the gums with bones -of the sea-dragon, or by rubbing the teeth once a year with -the brains of a dog-fish<a id="FNanchor_220_220"></a><a href="#Footnote_220_220" class="fnanchor">220</a> boiled in oil, and kept for the purpose. -It is a very good plan too, for the cure of tooth-ache, to lance -the gums with the sting of the pastinaca<a id="FNanchor_221_221"></a><a href="#Footnote_221_221" class="fnanchor">221</a> in some cases. -This sting, too, is pounded, and applied to the teeth with white -hellebore, having the effect of extracting them without the -slightest difficulty. Another of these remedies is, ashes of -salted fish calcined in an earthen vessel, mixed with powdered -marble. Stale cybium,<a id="FNanchor_222_222"></a><a href="#Footnote_222_222" class="fnanchor">222</a> rinsed in a new earthen vessel, and -then pounded, is very useful for the cure of tooth-ache. -Equally good, it is said, are the back-bones of all kinds of salt -fish, pounded and applied in a liniment. A decoction is made of -a single frog boiled in one hemina of vinegar, and the teeth -are rinsed with it, the decoction being retained in the mouth. -In cases where a repugnance existed to making use of this -remedy, Sallustius Dionysius<a id="FNanchor_223_223"></a><a href="#Footnote_223_223" class="fnanchor">223</a> used to suspend frogs over -boiling vinegar by the hind legs, so as to make them discharge -their humours into the vinegar by the mouth, using considerable -numbers of frogs for the purpose: to those, however, who -had a stronger stomach, he prescribed the frogs themselves, -eaten with their broth. It is generally thought, too, that -this recipe applies more particularly to the double teeth, and -that the vinegar prepared as above-mentioned, is remarkably -useful for strengthening them when loose.</p> - -<p>For this last purpose, some persons cut off the legs of two -frogs, and then macerate the bodies in two heminæ of wine, -recommending this preparation as a collutory for strengthening -loose teeth. Others attach the frogs, whole, to the exterior of -the jaws:<a id="FNanchor_224_224"></a><a href="#Footnote_224_224" class="fnanchor">224</a> and with some it is the practice to boil ten frogs, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35">35</a></span>in three sextarii of vinegar, down to one-third, and to use the -decoction as a strengthener of loose teeth. By certain authorities, -too, it has been recommended to boil the hearts of six-and-thirty -frogs beneath a copper vessel, in one sextarius of old -oil, and then to inject the decoction into the ear on the same -side of the jaw as the part affected: while others again have -used, as an application for the teeth, a frog’s liver, boiled, and -beaten up with honey. All the preparations above described -will be found still more efficacious if made from the sea-frog.<a id="FNanchor_225_225"></a><a href="#Footnote_225_225" class="fnanchor">225</a> -In cases where the teeth are carious and emit an -offensive smell, it is recommended to dry some whale’s<a id="FNanchor_226_226"></a><a href="#Footnote_226_226" class="fnanchor">226</a> flesh -in an oven for a night, and then to add an equal quantity of -salt, and use the mixture as a dentifrice. “Enhydris”<a id="FNanchor_227_227"></a><a href="#Footnote_227_227" class="fnanchor">227</a> is the -name given by the Greeks to a snake that lives in the water. -With the four upper teeth of this reptile, it is the practice, for -the cure of aching in the upper teeth, to lance the upper gums, -and with the four lower teeth, for aching in the lower. Some -persons, however, content themselves with using an eyetooth -only. Ashes, too, of burnt crabs are used for this purpose; -and the murex, reduced to ashes, makes an excellent dentifrice.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_27"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 27.—REMEDIES FOR LICHENS, AND FOR SPOTS UPON THE -FACE. THE DOLPHIN: NINE REMEDIES. COLUTHIA OR CORYPHIA: -THREE REMEDIES. HALCYONEUM: SEVEN REMEDIES. -THE TUNNY: FIVE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Lichens and leprous spots are removed by applying the fat -of the sea-calf,<a id="FNanchor_228_228"></a><a href="#Footnote_228_228" class="fnanchor">228</a> ashes of the mæna<a id="FNanchor_229_229"></a><a href="#Footnote_229_229" class="fnanchor">229</a> in combination with three -oboli of honey, liver of the pastinaca<a id="FNanchor_230_230"></a><a href="#Footnote_230_230" class="fnanchor">230</a> boiled in oil, or ashes -of the dolphin or hippocampus<a id="FNanchor_231_231"></a><a href="#Footnote_231_231" class="fnanchor">231</a> mixed with water. After the -parts have been duly excoriated, a cicatrizing treatment ought -to be pursued. Some persons bake dolphin’s liver in an -earthen vessel, till a grease flows therefrom like oil<a id="FNanchor_232_232"></a><a href="#Footnote_232_232" class="fnanchor">232</a> in appearance: -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36">36</a></span>this they use by way of ointment for these diseases.</p> - -<p>Burnt shells of the murex or purple, applied with honey, -have a detergent effect upon spots on the face in females: -used as an application for seven consecutive days, a fomentation -made of white of eggs being substituted on the eighth, -they efface wrinkles, and plump out the skin. To the genus -“murex” belong the shell-fish known by the Greeks as “coluthia” -or “coryphia,” equally turbinated, but considerably -smaller: for all the above purposes they are still more efficacious, -and the use of them tends to preserve the sweetness of -the breath. Fish-glue<a id="FNanchor_233_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_233_233" class="fnanchor">233</a> effaces wrinkles and plumps out the skin; -being boiled for the purpose in water some four hours, and then -pounded and kneaded up till it attains a thin consistency, like -that of honey. After being thus prepared, it is put by in a new -vessel for keeping; and, when wanted for use, is mixed, in -the proportion of four drachmæ, with two drachmæ of sulphur, -two of alkanet, and eight of litharge; the whole being -sprinkled with water and beaten up together. The preparation -is then applied to the face, and is washed off at the end -of four hours. For the cure of freckles and other affections -of the face, calcined bones of cuttle-fish are also used; an -application which is equally good for the removal of fleshy -excrescences and the dispersion of running sores.</p> - -<p>(8.) For the cure of itch-scab, a frog is boiled in five semisextarii -of sea-water, the decoction being reduced to the consistency -of honey. There is a sea production called “halcyoneum,” composed, -as some think, of the nests<a id="FNanchor_234_234"></a><a href="#Footnote_234_234" class="fnanchor">234</a> of the birds known as the -“halcyon”<a id="FNanchor_235_235"></a><a href="#Footnote_235_235" class="fnanchor">235</a> and “ceyx,” or, according to others, of the concretion -of sea-foam, or of some slime of the sea, or a certain -lanuginous inflorescence thrown up by it. Of this halcyoneum -there are four different kinds; the first, of an ashy colour, of a -compact substance, and possessed of a pungent odour; the -second, soft, of a milder nature, and with a smell almost identical -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37">37</a></span>with that of sea-weed; the third, whiter, and with a -variegated surface; the fourth, more like pumice in appearance, -and closely resembling rotten sponge. The best of all is -that which nearly borders upon a purple hue, and is known as -the “Milesian” kind: the whiter it is, the less highly it is -esteemed.</p> - -<p>The properties of halcyoneum are ulcerative and detergent: -when required for use, it is parched and applied without oil. -It is quite marvellous how efficiently it removes leprous sores, -lichens, and freckles, used in combination with lupines and -two oboli of sulphur. It is employed, also, for the removal -of marks upon the eyes.<a id="FNanchor_236_236"></a><a href="#Footnote_236_236" class="fnanchor">236</a> Andreas<a id="FNanchor_237_237"></a><a href="#Footnote_237_237" class="fnanchor">237</a> has recommended for the -cure of leprosy ashes of burnt crabs, with oil; and Attalus,<a id="FNanchor_238_238"></a><a href="#Footnote_238_238" class="fnanchor">238</a> -fresh fat of tunny.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_28"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 28.—REMEDIES FOR SCROFULA, IMPOSTHUMES OF THE PAROTID -GLANDS, QUINSY, AND DISEASES OF THE FAUCES. THE -MÆNA: THIRTEEN REMEDIES. THE SEA-SCOLOPENDRA: TWO -REMEDIES. THE SAURUS: ONE REMEDY. SHELL-FISH: ONE -REMEDY. THE SILURUS: FIFTEEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Ulcerations of the mouth are cured by an application of -brine in which mænæ<a id="FNanchor_239_239"></a><a href="#Footnote_239_239" class="fnanchor">239</a> have been pickled, in combination with -calcined heads of the fish, and honey. For the cure of scrofula, -it is a good plan to prick the sores with the small bone -that is found in the tail of the fish known as the sea-frog;<a id="FNanchor_240_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_240_240" class="fnanchor">240</a> -care being taken to avoid making a wound, and to repeat the -operation daily, until a perfect cure is effected. The same -property, too, belongs to the sting of the pastinaca, and to the -sea-hare, applied topically to the sores: but in both cases due -care must be taken to remove them in an instant. Shells of -sea-urchins are bruised, also, and applied with vinegar; shells -also of sea-scolopendræ,<a id="FNanchor_241_241"></a><a href="#Footnote_241_241" class="fnanchor">241</a> applied with honey; and river-crabs -pounded or calcined, and applied with honey. Bones, too, of -the sæpia, triturated and applied with stale axle-grease, are -marvellously useful for this purpose.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38">38</a></span></p> - -<p>This last preparation is used, also, for the cure of imposthumes -of the parotid glands; a purpose for which the liver -of the sea-fish known as the “saurus”<a id="FNanchor_242_242"></a><a href="#Footnote_242_242" class="fnanchor">242</a> is employed. Nay, -even more than this, fragments of earthen vessels in which -salt fish have been kept are pounded with stale axle-grease, -and applied to scrofulous sores and imposthumes of the parotid -glands; as also calcined murex, incorporated with oil. Stiffness -in the neck is allayed by taking what are known as sea-lice,<a id="FNanchor_243_243"></a><a href="#Footnote_243_243" class="fnanchor">243</a> -in doses of one drachma in drink, taking castoreum<a id="FNanchor_244_244"></a><a href="#Footnote_244_244" class="fnanchor">244</a> mixed -with pepper in honied wine, or making a decoction of frogs in -oil and salt, and taking the liquor.</p> - -<p>Opisthotony, too, and tetanus are treated in a similar manner; -and spasms, with the addition of pepper. Ashes of burnt -heads of salted mænæ are applied externally, with honey, for the -cure of quinsy; as also a decoction of frogs, boiled in vinegar, -a preparation which is equally good for affections of the tonsillary -glands. River-crabs, pounded, one to each hemina of -water, are used as a gargle for the cure of quinsy; or else -they are taken with wine and hot water. Garum,<a id="FNanchor_245_245"></a><a href="#Footnote_245_245" class="fnanchor">245</a> put beneath -the uvula with a spoon, effectually cures diseases of that part. -The silurus,<a id="FNanchor_246_246"></a><a href="#Footnote_246_246" class="fnanchor">246</a> used as food, either fresh or salted, improves the -voice.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_29"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 29.—REMEDIES FOR COUGH AND DISEASES OF THE CHEST.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Surmullets act as an emetic, dried and pounded, and taken -in drink. Castoreum, taken fasting, with a small quantity of -hammoniacum<a id="FNanchor_247_247"></a><a href="#Footnote_247_247" class="fnanchor">247</a> in oxymel, is extremely good for asthma: -spasms, too, in the stomach are assuaged by taking a similar -potion with warm oxymel. Frogs stewed in their own liquor -in the saucepan, the same way in fact that fish are dressed, -are good for a cough, it is said. In some cases, also, frogs are -suspended by the legs, and after their juices<a id="FNanchor_248_248"></a><a href="#Footnote_248_248" class="fnanchor">248</a> have been received -in a platter, it is recommended to gut them, and the entrails -being first carefully removed, to preserve them for the above -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39">39</a></span>purpose. There is a small frog,<a id="FNanchor_249_249"></a><a href="#Footnote_249_249" class="fnanchor">249</a> also, which ascends trees, and -croaks aloud there: if a person suffering from cough spits into -its mouth and then lets it go, he will experience a cure, it is said. -For cough attended with spitting of blood, it is recommended -to beat up the raw flesh of a snail, and to drink it in hot water.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_30"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 30. (9.)—REMEDIES FOR PAINS IN THE LIVER AND SIDE. -THE ELONGATED CONCH: SIX REMEDIES. THE TETHEA: FIVE -REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>For pains in the liver, a sea-scorpion is killed in wine, and -the liquid is taken. The meat, too, of the elongated conch<a id="FNanchor_250_250"></a><a href="#Footnote_250_250" class="fnanchor">250</a> is -taken with honied wine and water, in equal quantities, or, if -there are symptoms of fever, with hydromel. Pains in the -side are assuaged by taking the flesh of the hippocampus,<a id="FNanchor_251_251"></a><a href="#Footnote_251_251" class="fnanchor">251</a> -grilled, or else the tethea,<a id="FNanchor_252_252"></a><a href="#Footnote_252_252" class="fnanchor">252</a> very similar to the oyster, with -the ordinary food. For sciatica, the pickle of the silurus is -injected, by way of clyster. The flesh of conchs, too, is prescribed, -for fifteen days, in doses of three oboli soaked in two -sextarii of wine.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_31"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 31.—REMEDIES FOR DISEASES OF THE BOWELS. SEA-WORT: -ONE REMEDY. THE MYAX: TWENTY-FIVE REMEDIES. THE MITULUS: -EIGHT REMEDIES. PELORIDES: ONE REMEDY. SERIPHUM: -TWO REMEDIES. THE ERYTHINUS: TWO REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The silurus,<a id="FNanchor_253_253"></a><a href="#Footnote_253_253" class="fnanchor">253</a> taken in its broth, or the torpedo,<a id="FNanchor_254_254"></a><a href="#Footnote_254_254" class="fnanchor">254</a> used as -food, acts as a laxative upon the bowels. There is a sea-wort,<a id="FNanchor_255_255"></a><a href="#Footnote_255_255" class="fnanchor">255</a> -also, similar in appearance to the cultivated cabbage: it is -injurious to the stomach, but acts most efficiently as a purgative, -requiring to be cooked with fat meat for the purpose, in -consequence of its extreme acridity. The broth, too, of all -boiled fish is good for this purpose; it acting, also, as a strong -diuretic, taken with wine more particularly. The best kind -of all is that prepared from the sea-scorpion, the iulis,<a id="FNanchor_256_256"></a><a href="#Footnote_256_256" class="fnanchor">256</a> and -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40">40</a></span>rock-fish in general, as they are destitute of all rankness and -are free from fat. The proper way of cooking them is with -dill, parsley, coriander, and leeks, with the addition of oil and -salt. Stale cybium,<a id="FNanchor_257_257"></a><a href="#Footnote_257_257" class="fnanchor">257</a> too, acts as a purgative, and is particularly -useful for carrying off crudities, pituitous humours, and bile.</p> - -<p>The myax<a id="FNanchor_258_258"></a><a href="#Footnote_258_258" class="fnanchor">258</a> is of a purgative nature, a shell-fish of which -we shall take this opportunity of giving the natural history -at length. These fish collect together in masses, like the -murex,<a id="FNanchor_259_259"></a><a href="#Footnote_259_259" class="fnanchor">259</a> and are found in spots covered with sea-weed. They -are the finest eating in autumn, and are found in the greatest -perfection in places where fresh-water streams discharge themselves -into the sea; for which reason it is that those of Egypt -are held in such high esteem. As the winter advances, they -contract a bitter flavour, and assume a reddish hue. The -liquor of these fish, it is said, acts as a purgative upon the -bowels and bladder, has a detergent effect upon the intestines, -acts aperiently upon all the passages, purges the kidneys, and -diminishes the blood and adipose secretions. Hence it is that -these shell-fish are found of the greatest use for the treatment -of dropsy, for the regulation of the catamenia, and for the removal -of jaundice, all diseases of the joints, and flatulency. -They are very good, also, for the reduction of obesity, for -diseases of the bile and of the pituitous secretions, for affections -of the lungs, liver, and spleen, and for rheumatic defluxions. -The only inconvenience resulting from them is, that -they irritate the throat and impede the articulation. They -have, also, a healing effect upon ulcers of a serpiginous nature, -or which stand in need of detergents, as also upon carcinomatous -sores. Calcined, the same way as the murex, and employed -with honey, they are curative of bites inflicted either -by dogs or human beings, and of leprous spots or freckles. The -ashes of them, rinsed, are good for the removal of films upon -the eyes, granulations of those organs and indurations of the -membrane, as also for diseases of the gums and teeth, and for -pituitous eruptions. They serve, also, as an antidote to dorycnium<a id="FNanchor_260_260"></a><a href="#Footnote_260_260" class="fnanchor">260</a> -and to opocarpathon.<a id="FNanchor_261_261"></a><a href="#Footnote_261_261" class="fnanchor">261</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41">41</a></span></p> - -<p>There are two species of this shell-fish, of a degenerate kind: -the mitulus,<a id="FNanchor_262_262"></a><a href="#Footnote_262_262" class="fnanchor">262</a> which has a strong flavour, and a saltish taste; -and the myisca,<a id="FNanchor_263_263"></a><a href="#Footnote_263_263" class="fnanchor">263</a> which differs from the former in the roundness -of its shell, is somewhat smaller, and is covered with filaments, -the shell being thinner, and the meat of a sweeter flavour. The -ashes, also, of the mitulus, like those of the murex, are possessed -of certain caustic properties, and are very useful for the -removal of leprous spots, freckles, and blemishes of the skin. -They are rinsed, too, in the same manner as lead,<a id="FNanchor_264_264"></a><a href="#Footnote_264_264" class="fnanchor">264</a> for the -removal of swellings of the eyelids, of indurations of the -membranes, and of films upon the eyes, as also of sordid ulcers -upon other parts of the body, and of pustules upon the head. -The meat of them, also, is employed as an application for bites -inflicted by dogs.</p> - -<p>As to pelorides,<a id="FNanchor_265_265"></a><a href="#Footnote_265_265" class="fnanchor">265</a> they act as a gentle laxative upon the -bowels, an effect equally produced by castoreum, taken in doses -of two drachmæ, in hydromel: where, however, a more drastic -purgative is required, one drachma of dried garden-cucumber -root is added, and two drachmæ of aphronitrum.<a id="FNanchor_266_266"></a><a href="#Footnote_266_266" class="fnanchor">266</a> The -tethea<a id="FNanchor_267_267"></a><a href="#Footnote_267_267" class="fnanchor">267</a> is good for griping pains in the bowels and for attacks -of flatulency: they are generally found adhering to the leaves -of marine plants, sucking their nutriment therefrom, and may -be rather looked upon as a sort of fungus than as a fish. They -are useful, also, for the removal of tenesmus and of diseases of -the kidneys.</p> - -<p>There grows also in the sea a kind of absinthium, known by -some persons as “seriphum,”<a id="FNanchor_268_268"></a><a href="#Footnote_268_268" class="fnanchor">268</a> and found in the vicinity of -Taposiris,<a id="FNanchor_269_269"></a><a href="#Footnote_269_269" class="fnanchor">269</a> in Egypt, more particularly. It is of a more -slender form than the land absinthium, acts as a purgative -upon the bowels, and effectually removes intestinal worms. -The sæpia, too, is a laxative; for which purpose these fish are -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42">42</a></span>administered<a id="FNanchor_270_270"></a><a href="#Footnote_270_270" class="fnanchor">270</a> with the food, boiled with a mixture of oil, salt, -and meal. Salted mænæ,<a id="FNanchor_271_271"></a><a href="#Footnote_271_271" class="fnanchor">271</a> applied with bull’s gall to the navel, -acts as a purgative upon the bowels.</p> - -<p>The liquor of fish, boiled in the saucepan with lettuces, dispels -tenesmus. River-crabs,<a id="FNanchor_272_272"></a><a href="#Footnote_272_272" class="fnanchor">272</a> beaten up and taken with water, act -astringently upon the bowels, and they have a diuretic effect, if -taken with white wine. Deprived of the legs, and taken in -doses of three oboli with myrrh and iris, one drachma of each, -they disperse urinary calculi. For the cure of the iliac passion -and of attacks of flatulency, castoreum<a id="FNanchor_273_273"></a><a href="#Footnote_273_273" class="fnanchor">273</a> should be taken, -with seed of daucus<a id="FNanchor_274_274"></a><a href="#Footnote_274_274" class="fnanchor">274</a> and of parsley, a pinch in three fingers -of each, the whole being mixed with four cyathi of warm -honied wine. Griping pains in the bowels should be treated -with castoreum and a mixture of dill and wine. The fish -called “erythinus,”<a id="FNanchor_275_275"></a><a href="#Footnote_275_275" class="fnanchor">275</a> used as food, acts astringently upon the -bowels. Dysentery is cured by taking frogs boiled with squills, -and prepared in the form of boluses, or else hearts of frogs -beaten up with honey, as Niceratus<a id="FNanchor_276_276"></a><a href="#Footnote_276_276" class="fnanchor">276</a> recommends. For the -cure of jaundice, salt fish should be taken with pepper, the -patient abstaining from all other kinds of meat.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_32"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 32.—-REMEDIES FOR DISEASES OF THE SPLEEN, FOR URINARY -CALCULI, AND FOR AFFECTIONS OF THE BLADDER. THE -SOLE: ONE REMEDY. THE TURBOT: ONE REMEDY. THE -BLENDIUS: ONE REMEDY. THE SEA-NETTLE: SEVEN REMEDIES. -THE PULMO MARINUS: SIX REMEDIES. ONYCHES: FOUR REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>For the cure of spleen diseases, the fish known as the sole<a id="FNanchor_277_277"></a><a href="#Footnote_277_277" class="fnanchor">277</a> -is applied to that part; the torpedo,<a id="FNanchor_278_278"></a><a href="#Footnote_278_278" class="fnanchor">278</a> also, or else a live turbot;<a id="FNanchor_279_279"></a><a href="#Footnote_279_279" class="fnanchor">279</a> -it being then set at liberty in the sea. The sea-scorpion,<a id="FNanchor_280_280"></a><a href="#Footnote_280_280" class="fnanchor">280</a> -killed in wine, is a cure for diseases of the bladder -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43">43</a></span>and for urinary calculi; the stone, also, that is found in the -tail<a id="FNanchor_281_281"></a><a href="#Footnote_281_281" class="fnanchor">281</a> of this last fish, taken in drink, in doses of one obolus; -the liver of the enhydris;<a id="FNanchor_282_282"></a><a href="#Footnote_282_282" class="fnanchor">282</a> and the ashes of the fish called -“blendius;”<a id="FNanchor_283_283"></a><a href="#Footnote_283_283" class="fnanchor">283</a> taken with rue. In the head, too, of the fish -called “bacchus,”<a id="FNanchor_284_284"></a><a href="#Footnote_284_284" class="fnanchor">284</a> there are found certain small stones, as it -were: these, taken in water, six in number, are an excellent -cure for urinary calculi. They say, too, that the sea-nettle,<a id="FNanchor_285_285"></a><a href="#Footnote_285_285" class="fnanchor">285</a> -taken in wine, is very useful for this purpose, as also the -pulmo marinus,<a id="FNanchor_286_286"></a><a href="#Footnote_286_286" class="fnanchor">286</a> boiled in water. The eggs of the sæpia have -a diuretic effect, and carry off pituitous humours from the -kidneys. Ruptures and convulsions are very effectually treated -by taking river-crabs,<a id="FNanchor_287_287"></a><a href="#Footnote_287_287" class="fnanchor">287</a> bruised in asses’ milk more particularly; -and urinary calculi by drinking sea-urchins pounded, -spines and all, in wine; the due proportion being one semisextarius -of wine for each urchin, and the treatment being -continued till its good effects are visible. The flesh, too, of -the sea-urchin, taken as food, is very useful as a remedy for -the same malady.</p> - -<p>Scallops<a id="FNanchor_288_288"></a><a href="#Footnote_288_288" class="fnanchor">288</a> also, taken as food, act detergently upon the bladder: -the male fish is by some persons called “donax,” and by -others “aulos,” the female being known as “onyx.”<a id="FNanchor_289_289"></a><a href="#Footnote_289_289" class="fnanchor">289</a> The -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44">44</a></span>male scallop has a diuretic effect: the flesh of the female is -sweeter than that of the male, and of an uniform colour. -The eggs, too, of the sæpia promote the urinary secretions, and -act detergently upon the kidneys.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_33"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 33.—REMEDIES FOR INTESTINAL HERNIA, AND FOR DISEASES -OF THE RECTUM. THE WATER-SNAKE: ONE REMEDY. -THE HYDRUS: ONE REMEDY. THE MULLET: ONE REMEDY. -THE PELAMIS: THREE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>For the cure of intestinal hernia the sea-hare is applied, -bruised with honey. The liver of the water-snake,<a id="FNanchor_290_290"></a><a href="#Footnote_290_290" class="fnanchor">290</a> and that -of the hydrus,<a id="FNanchor_291_291"></a><a href="#Footnote_291_291" class="fnanchor">291</a> bruised and taken in drink, are remedial for -urinary calculi. Sciatica is cured by using the pickle of the -silurus<a id="FNanchor_292_292"></a><a href="#Footnote_292_292" class="fnanchor">292</a> as a clyster, the bowels being first thoroughly purged. -For chafing of the fundament, an application is made of heads -of mullets and surmullets, reduced to ashes; for which purpose -they are calcined in an earthen vessel, and must be applied -in combination with honey. Calcined heads, too, of -the fish known as mænæ<a id="FNanchor_293_293"></a><a href="#Footnote_293_293" class="fnanchor">293</a> are useful for the cure of chaps -and condylomata; as also heads of salted pelamides,<a id="FNanchor_294_294"></a><a href="#Footnote_294_294" class="fnanchor">294</a> reduced -to ashes, or calcined cybium,<a id="FNanchor_295_295"></a><a href="#Footnote_295_295" class="fnanchor">295</a> applied with honey.</p> - -<p>The torpedo,<a id="FNanchor_296_296"></a><a href="#Footnote_296_296" class="fnanchor">296</a> applied topically, reduces procidence of the -rectum. River-crabs,<a id="FNanchor_297_297"></a><a href="#Footnote_297_297" class="fnanchor">297</a> reduced to ashes, and applied with oil -and wax, are curative of chaps of the fundament: sea-crabs, -too, are equally useful for the purpose.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_34"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 34.—-REMEDIES FOR INFLAMED TUMOURS, AND FOR DISEASES -OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. THE SCIÆNA: ONE REMEDY. -THE PERCH: FOUR REMEDIES. THE SQUATINA: THREE REMEDIES. -THE SMARIS: THREE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The pickle of the coracinus<a id="FNanchor_298_298"></a><a href="#Footnote_298_298" class="fnanchor">298</a> disperses inflammatory tumours; -an effect which is equally produced by using the calcined -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45">45</a></span>intestines and scales of the sciæna.<a id="FNanchor_299_299"></a><a href="#Footnote_299_299" class="fnanchor">299</a> The sea-scorpion,<a id="FNanchor_300_300"></a><a href="#Footnote_300_300" class="fnanchor">300</a> -too, is used for the same purpose, boiled in wine, and applied -as a fomentation to the part affected. Shells of sea-urchins, -bruised and applied with water, act as a check upon incipient -inflammatory tumours. Ashes of the murex, or of the purple, -are employed in either case, whether it is wanted to disperse -inflammatory tumours in an incipient state, or to bring them -to a head and break them. Some authorities prescribe the following -preparation: of wax and frankincense twenty drachmæ, -of litharge forty drachmæ, of calcined murex ten drachmæ, -and of old oil, one semisextarius. Salt fish, boiled and applied -by itself, is highly useful for the above purposes.</p> - -<p>River crabs, bruised and applied, disperse pustules on the -generative organs: the same, too, with calcined heads of -mænæ,<a id="FNanchor_301_301"></a><a href="#Footnote_301_301" class="fnanchor">301</a> or the flesh of that fish, boiled and applied. Heads -of salted perch,<a id="FNanchor_302_302"></a><a href="#Footnote_302_302" class="fnanchor">302</a> reduced to ashes, and applied with honey, are -equally useful for the purpose; or else calcined heads of pelamides,<a id="FNanchor_303_303"></a><a href="#Footnote_303_303" class="fnanchor">303</a> -or skin of the squatina reduced to ashes.<a id="FNanchor_304_304"></a><a href="#Footnote_304_304" class="fnanchor">304</a> It is the -skin of this fish that is used, as already<a id="FNanchor_305_305"></a><a href="#Footnote_305_305" class="fnanchor">305</a> stated, for giving a -polish to wood; for the sea even, we find, furnishes its aid to our -artificers. For a similar purpose the fishes called “smarides”<a id="FNanchor_306_306"></a><a href="#Footnote_306_306" class="fnanchor">306</a> -are applied topically; as also ashes of the shell of the murex -or of the purple, applied with honey; which last are still more -efficacious when the flesh has been burnt with the shell.</p> - -<p>Salt fish, boiled with honey, is particularly good for the -cure of carbuncles upon the generative organs. For relaxation -of the testes, the slime<a id="FNanchor_307_307"></a><a href="#Footnote_307_307" class="fnanchor">307</a> of snails is recommended, applied in -the form of a liniment.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46">46</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_35"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 35.—REMEDIES FOR INCONTINENCE OF URINE. THE -OPHIDION: ONE REMEDY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The flesh of hippocampi,<a id="FNanchor_308_308"></a><a href="#Footnote_308_308" class="fnanchor">308</a> grilled and taken frequently as -food, is a cure for incontinence of urine; the ophidion,<a id="FNanchor_309_309"></a><a href="#Footnote_309_309" class="fnanchor">309</a> too, -a little fish similar to the conger in appearance, eaten with a -lily root; or the small fry found in the bellies of larger fish -that have swallowed them, reduced to ashes and taken in -water. It is recommended, too, to burn<a id="FNanchor_310_310"></a><a href="#Footnote_310_310" class="fnanchor">310</a> African snails, both -shells and flesh, and to administer the ashes with wine<a id="FNanchor_311_311"></a><a href="#Footnote_311_311" class="fnanchor">311</a> of -Signia.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_36"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 36.—REMEDIES FOR GOUT, AND FOR PAINS IN THE FEET. -THE BEAVER: FOUR REMEDIES. BRYON: ONE REMEDY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>For the cure of gout and of diseases of the joints, oil is -useful in which the intestines of frogs have been boiled. -Ashes, too, of burnt bramble-frogs<a id="FNanchor_312_312"></a><a href="#Footnote_312_312" class="fnanchor">312</a> are similarly employed, -with stale grease; in addition to which, some persons use calcined -barley, the three ingredients being mixed in equal proportions. -It is recommended too, in cases of gout, to rub the -parts affected with a sea-hare,<a id="FNanchor_313_313"></a><a href="#Footnote_313_313" class="fnanchor">313</a> fresh caught, and to wear -shoes made of beaver’s skin, Pontic beaver more particularly, -or else of sea-calf’s<a id="FNanchor_314_314"></a><a href="#Footnote_314_314" class="fnanchor">314</a> skin, an animal the fat of which is very -useful for the purpose: the same being the case also with bryon, -a plant of which we have already spoken,<a id="FNanchor_315_315"></a><a href="#Footnote_315_315" class="fnanchor">315</a> similar to the lettuce -in appearance, but with more wrinkled leaves, and destitute -of stem. This plant is of a styptic nature, and, applied topically, -it tends to modify the paroxysms of gout. The same, -too, with sea-weed, of which we have also spoken already;<a id="FNanchor_316_316"></a><a href="#Footnote_316_316" class="fnanchor">316</a> -due precaution being taken not to apply it dry.</p> - -<p>Chilblains are cured by applying the pulmo marinus;<a id="FNanchor_317_317"></a><a href="#Footnote_317_317" class="fnanchor">317</a> ashes -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47">47</a></span>of sea-crabs with oil; river crabs,<a id="FNanchor_318_318"></a><a href="#Footnote_318_318" class="fnanchor">318</a> bruised and burnt to ashes -and kneaded up with oil; or else fat of the silurus.<a id="FNanchor_319_319"></a><a href="#Footnote_319_319" class="fnanchor">319</a> In -diseases of the joints, the paroxysms are modified by applying -fresh frogs every now and then: some authorities recommend -that they should be split asunder before being applied. The -liquor from mussels<a id="FNanchor_320_320"></a><a href="#Footnote_320_320" class="fnanchor">320</a> and other shell-fish has a tendency to -make flesh.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_37"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 37.—REMEDIES FOR EPILEPSY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Epileptic patients, as already<a id="FNanchor_321_321"></a><a href="#Footnote_321_321" class="fnanchor">321</a> stated, are recommended to -drink the rennet of the sea-calf,<a id="FNanchor_322_322"></a><a href="#Footnote_322_322" class="fnanchor">322</a> mixed with mares’ milk or -asses’ milk, or else with pomegranate juice, or, in some cases, -with oxymel: some persons, too, swallow the rennet by itself, -in the form of pills. Castoreum<a id="FNanchor_323_323"></a><a href="#Footnote_323_323" class="fnanchor">323</a> is sometimes administered, in -three cyathi of oxymel, to the patient fasting; but where the -attacks are frequent, it is employed in the form of a clyster, -with marvellous effect. The proper proportions, in this last case, -are two drachmæ of castoreum, one sextarius of oil and honey, -and the same quantity of water. At the moment that the -patient is seized with a fit, it is a good plan to give him castoreum, -with vinegar, to smell. The liver, too, of the sea-weasel<a id="FNanchor_324_324"></a><a href="#Footnote_324_324" class="fnanchor">324</a> -is given to epileptic patients, or else that of sea-mice,<a id="FNanchor_325_325"></a><a href="#Footnote_325_325" class="fnanchor">325</a> -or the blood of tortoises.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_38"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 38. (10.)—REMEDIES FOR FEVERS. THE FISH CALLED -ASELLUS: ONE REMEDY. THE PHAGRUS: ONE REMEDY. THE -BALÆNA: ONE REMEDY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Recurrent fevers are effectually checked by making the patient -taste the liver of a dolphin, just before the paroxysm -comes on. Hippocampi<a id="FNanchor_326_326"></a><a href="#Footnote_326_326" class="fnanchor">326</a> are stifled in oil of roses, and the patients -are rubbed therewith in cold agues, the fish, also, being -worn as an amulet by the patient. In the same way, too, the -small stones that are found at full moon in the head of the fish -called “asellus”<a id="FNanchor_327_327"></a><a href="#Footnote_327_327" class="fnanchor">327</a> are worn, attached in a piece of linen cloth -to the patient’s body. A similar virtue is attributed to the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48">48</a></span>longest tooth of the river-fish called phagrus,<a id="FNanchor_328_328"></a><a href="#Footnote_328_328" class="fnanchor">328</a> attached to -the patient with a hair, provided he does not see the person -who attaches it to him for five days. Frogs are boiled in oil -in a spot where three roads meet, and, the flesh being first -thrown away, the patients are rubbed with the decoction, by -way of cure for quartan fever. Some persons, again, suffocate -frogs in oil, and, after attaching them to the patient without -his knowing it, anoint him with the oil. The heart of a frog, -worn as an amulet, modifies the cold chills in fevers; the -same, too, with oil in which the intestines of frogs have been -boiled. But the best remedy for quartan fevers, is to wear -attached to the body either frogs from which the claws have -been<a id="FNanchor_329_329"></a><a href="#Footnote_329_329" class="fnanchor">329</a> removed, or else the liver or heart of a bramble-frog,<a id="FNanchor_330_330"></a><a href="#Footnote_330_330" class="fnanchor">330</a> -attached in a piece of russet-coloured cloth.</p> - -<p>River-crabs,<a id="FNanchor_331_331"></a><a href="#Footnote_331_331" class="fnanchor">331</a> bruised in oil and water, are highly beneficial -in fevers, the patient being anointed with the preparation just -before the paroxysms come on: some authorities recommend -the addition of pepper to the mixture. Others prescribe for -quartan fevers a decoction of river-crabs in wine, boiled down -to one fourth, the patient taking it at the moment of leaving -the bath: by some, too, it is recommended to swallow the left -eye of a river-crab. The magicians engage to cure a tertian -fever, by attaching as an amulet to the patient, before sunrise, -the eyes of river-crabs, the crabs when thus blinded being set -at liberty in the water. They say, too, that these eyes, attached -to the body in a piece of deer’s hide, with the flesh of a -nightingale,<a id="FNanchor_332_332"></a><a href="#Footnote_332_332" class="fnanchor">332</a> will dispel sleep and promote watchfulness. In -cases where there are symptoms of lethargy, the rennet of the -balæna<a id="FNanchor_333_333"></a><a href="#Footnote_333_333" class="fnanchor">333</a> or of the sea-calf<a id="FNanchor_334_334"></a><a href="#Footnote_334_334" class="fnanchor">334</a> is given to the patient to smell; -some persons, too, use the blood of tortoises as a liniment for -lethargic patients.</p> - -<p>Tertian fevers, it is said, may be cured by wearing one of -the vertebræ<a id="FNanchor_335_335"></a><a href="#Footnote_335_335" class="fnanchor">335</a> of a perch attached to the body, and quartan -fevers by using fresh river snails, as an aliment. Some persons -preserve these snails in salt for this purpose, and give -them, pounded, in drink.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49">49</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_39"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 39.—REMEDIES FOR LETHARGY, CACHEXY, AND DROPSY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Strombi,<a id="FNanchor_336_336"></a><a href="#Footnote_336_336" class="fnanchor">336</a> left to putrefy in vinegar, act as an excitant upon -lethargic patients by their smell; they are very useful, too, -for the cure of cardiac diseases. For cachectic patients, where -the body is wasting with consumption, tetheæ<a id="FNanchor_337_337"></a><a href="#Footnote_337_337" class="fnanchor">337</a> are considered -beneficial, mixed with rue and honey. For the cure of -dropsy, dolphin’s fat is melted and taken with wine, the repulsive -taste of it being neutralized by first touching the -nostrils with unguent or some other odoriferous substance, or -else by plugging the nostrils in some way or other. The flesh -of strombi, pounded and given in three heminæ of honied -wine and the same quantity of water, or, if there is fever, -in hydromel, is very useful for dropsy: the same, too, with -the juice of river-crabs, administered with honey. Water -frogs, too, are boiled with old wine and spelt,<a id="FNanchor_338_338"></a><a href="#Footnote_338_338" class="fnanchor">338</a> and taken as -food, the liquor in which they have been boiled being drunk -from the same vessel: or else the feet, head, and tail of a -tortoise are cut off, and the intestines removed, the rest of -the flesh being seasoned in such a manner as to allow of -its being taken without loathing. River-crabs, too, eaten with -their broth, are said to be very good for the cure of phthisis.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_40"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 40.—REMEDIES FOR BURNS AND FOR ERYSIPELAS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Burns are cured by applying ashes of calcined sea-crabs or -river-crabs with oil: fish-glue, too, and calcined frogs are -used as an application for scalds produced by boiling water. -The same treatment also restores the hair, provided the ashes -are those of river-crabs: it is generally thought, too, that the -preparation should be applied with wax and bears’ grease. -Ashes, too, of burnt beaver-skin are very useful for these -purposes. Live frogs act as a check upon erysipelas, the belly -side being applied to the part affected: it is recommended, -too, to attach them lengthwise by the hinder legs, so as to -render them more beneficial by reason of their increased respiration.<a id="FNanchor_339_339"></a><a href="#Footnote_339_339" class="fnanchor">339</a> -Heads, too, of salted siluri<a id="FNanchor_340_340"></a><a href="#Footnote_340_340" class="fnanchor">340</a> are reduced to ashes -and applied with vinegar.</p> - -<p>Prurigo and itch-scab, not only in man but in quadrupeds -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50">50</a></span>as well, are most efficaciously treated with the liver of the -pastinaca<a id="FNanchor_341_341"></a><a href="#Footnote_341_341" class="fnanchor">341</a> boiled in oil.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_41"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 41.—REMEDIES FOR DISEASES OF THE SINEWS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The exterior callosity with which the flesh of purples is -covered, beaten up, unites the sinews, even when they have -been severed asunder. It is a good plan, for patients suffering -from tetanus, to take sea-calf’s rennet in wine, in doses of one -obolus, as also fish-glue.<a id="FNanchor_342_342"></a><a href="#Footnote_342_342" class="fnanchor">342</a> Persons affected with fits of trembling -find much relief from castoreum,<a id="FNanchor_343_343"></a><a href="#Footnote_343_343" class="fnanchor">343</a> provided they are -well anointed with oil. I find it stated that the surmullet,<a id="FNanchor_344_344"></a><a href="#Footnote_344_344" class="fnanchor">344</a> -used as an article of diet, acts injuriously upon the sinews.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_42"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 42.—METHODS OF ARRESTING HÆMORRHAGE AND OF LETTING -BLOOD. THE POLYP: ONE REMEDY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Fish, used as an aliment, it is generally thought, make -blood. The polyp,<a id="FNanchor_345_345"></a><a href="#Footnote_345_345" class="fnanchor">345</a> bruised and applied, arrests hæmorrhage, -it is thought: in addition to which we find stated the following -particulars respecting it—that of itself it emits a sort of -brine, in consequence of which, there is no necessity to use -any in cooking it—that it should always be sliced with a reed—and -that it is spoilt by using an iron knife, becoming tainted -thereby, owing to the antipathy<a id="FNanchor_346_346"></a><a href="#Footnote_346_346" class="fnanchor">346</a> which naturally exists -[between it and iron]. For the purpose also of arresting -hæmorrhage, ashes of burnt frogs are applied topically, or else -the dried blood of those animals. Some authorities recommend -the frog to be used, that is known by the Greeks as -“calamites,”<a id="FNanchor_347_347"></a><a href="#Footnote_347_347" class="fnanchor">347</a> from the fact that it lives among reeds<a id="FNanchor_348_348"></a><a href="#Footnote_348_348" class="fnanchor">348</a> and -shrubs; it is the smallest and greenest of all the frogs, and -either the blood or the ashes of it are recommended to be employed. -Others, again, prescribe, in cases of bleeding at the -nostrils, an injection of the ashes of young water-frogs, in the -tadpole state, calcined in a new earthen vessel.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51">51</a></span></p> - -<p>On the other hand, again, in cases where it is required to -let blood, the kind of leech is used which is known among -us by the name of “sanguisuga.<a id="FNanchor_349_349"></a><a href="#Footnote_349_349" class="fnanchor">349</a>” Indeed, the action of -these leeches is looked upon as pretty much the same as that -of the cupping-glasses<a id="FNanchor_350_350"></a><a href="#Footnote_350_350" class="fnanchor">350</a> used in medicine, their effect being to -relieve the body of superfluous blood, and to open the pores of -the skin. Still, however, there is this inconvenience attending -them—when they have been once applied, they create a -necessity<a id="FNanchor_351_351"></a><a href="#Footnote_351_351" class="fnanchor">351</a> for having recourse to the same treatment at about -the same period in every succeeding year. Many physicians -have been of opinion also, that leeches may be successfully applied -in cases of gout. When gorged, they fall off in consequence -of losing their hold through the weight of the blood, -but if not, they must be sprinkled with salt<a id="FNanchor_352_352"></a><a href="#Footnote_352_352" class="fnanchor">352</a> for the purpose.</p> - -<p>Leeches are apt, however, to leave their heads buried in the -flesh; the consequence of which is an incurable wound, which -has caused death in many cases, that of Messalinus,<a id="FNanchor_353_353"></a><a href="#Footnote_353_353" class="fnanchor">353</a> for example, -a patrician of consular rank, after an application of -leeches to his knee. When this is the case, that which was -intended as a remedy is turned into an active poison;<a id="FNanchor_354_354"></a><a href="#Footnote_354_354" class="fnanchor">354</a> a result -which is to be apprehended in using the red leeches more -particularly. Hence it is that when these last are employed, -it is the practice to snip them with a pair of scissors while -sucking; the consequence of which is, that the blood oozes -forth, through a siphon, as it were, and the head, gradually -contracting as the animal dies, is not left behind in the wound. -There is a natural antipathy<a id="FNanchor_355_355"></a><a href="#Footnote_355_355" class="fnanchor">355</a> existing between leeches and -bugs, and hence it is that the latter are killed by the aid -of a fumigation made with leeches. Ashes of beaver-skin -burnt with tar, kneaded up with leek-juice, arrest bleeding at -the nostrils.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_43"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 43.—METHODS OF EXTRACTING FOREIGN BODIES FROM -THE FLESH.</span></h3></div> - -<p>To extract pointed weapons which have pierced the flesh, -ashes of calcined shells of the sæpia are used, as also of the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52">52</a></span>purple, the meat of salted fish, bruised river-crabs, or flesh -of the silurus<a id="FNanchor_356_356"></a><a href="#Footnote_356_356" class="fnanchor">356</a> (a river-fish that is found in other streams -as well as the Nilus<a id="FNanchor_357_357"></a><a href="#Footnote_357_357" class="fnanchor">357</a>), applied either fresh or salted. The -ashes also of this fish, as well as the fat, have the property of -extracting pointed bodies, and the back-bone, in a calcined -state, is used as a substitute for spodium.<a id="FNanchor_358_358"></a><a href="#Footnote_358_358" class="fnanchor">358</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_44"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 44.—REMEDIES FOR ULCERS, CARCINOMATA, AND CARBUNCLES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Ulcers of a serpiginous nature, as also the fleshy excrescences -which make their appearance in them, are kept in check by -applying ashes of calcined heads of mænæ,<a id="FNanchor_359_359"></a><a href="#Footnote_359_359" class="fnanchor">359</a> or else ashes of -the silurus.<a id="FNanchor_360_360"></a><a href="#Footnote_360_360" class="fnanchor">360</a> Carcinomata, too, are treated with heads of -salted perch, their efficacy being considerably increased by -using some salt along with the ashes, and kneading them up -with heads of cunila<a id="FNanchor_361_361"></a><a href="#Footnote_361_361" class="fnanchor">361</a> and olive-oil. Ashes of sea-crabs, calcined -with lead, arrest the progress of carcinomatous sores; a -purpose for which ashes of river-crabs, in combination with -honey and fine lint, are equally useful: though there are some -authorities which prefer mixing alum and barley with the -ashes. Phagedænic ulcers are cured by an application of -dried silurus pounded with sandarach;<a id="FNanchor_362_362"></a><a href="#Footnote_362_362" class="fnanchor">362</a> malignant cancers, -corrosive ulcers, and putrid sores, by the agency of stale -cybium.<a id="FNanchor_363_363"></a><a href="#Footnote_363_363" class="fnanchor">363</a></p> - -<p>Maggots that breed in sores are removed by applying frogs’ -gall; and fistulas are opened and dried by introducing a tent -made of salt fish, with a dossil of lint. Salt fish, kneaded up -and applied in the form of a plaster, will remove all proud -flesh in the course of a day, and will arrest the further progress -of putrid and serpiginous ulcers. Alex,<a id="FNanchor_364_364"></a><a href="#Footnote_364_364" class="fnanchor">364</a> applied in -lint, acts detergently, also, upon ulcers; the same, too, with the -ashes of calcined shells of sea-urchins. Salted slices of the -coracinus<a id="FNanchor_365_365"></a><a href="#Footnote_365_365" class="fnanchor">365</a> disperse carbuncles, an effect equally produced by -the ashes of salted surmullets.<a id="FNanchor_366_366"></a><a href="#Footnote_366_366" class="fnanchor">366</a> Some persons, however, use -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53">53</a></span>the head only of the surmullet, in combination with honey -or with the flesh of the coracinus. Ashes of the murex, applied -with oil, disperse tumours, and the gall of the sea-scorpion -makes scars disappear.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_45"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 45.—REMEDIES FOR WARTS, AND FOR MALFORMED NAILS. -THE GLANIS: ONE REMEDY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>To remove warts, the liver of the glanis<a id="FNanchor_367_367"></a><a href="#Footnote_367_367" class="fnanchor">367</a> is applied to the -part; ashes also of heads of mæmæ<a id="FNanchor_368_368"></a><a href="#Footnote_368_368" class="fnanchor">368</a> bruised with garlic—substances -which should be used raw where it is thyme-warts<a id="FNanchor_369_369"></a><a href="#Footnote_369_369" class="fnanchor">369</a> -that require to be removed—the gall of the red sea-scorpion,<a id="FNanchor_370_370"></a><a href="#Footnote_370_370" class="fnanchor">370</a> -smarides<a id="FNanchor_371_371"></a><a href="#Footnote_371_371" class="fnanchor">371</a> pounded and applied, or alex<a id="FNanchor_372_372"></a><a href="#Footnote_372_372" class="fnanchor">372</a> thoroughly -boiled. Ashes of calcined heads of mænæ<a id="FNanchor_373_373"></a><a href="#Footnote_373_373" class="fnanchor">373</a> are used to rectify -malformed nails.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_46"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 46.—REMEDIES FOR FEMALE DISEASES. THE GLAUCISCUS: -ONE REMEDY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The milk is increased in females by eating the glauciscus<a id="FNanchor_374_374"></a><a href="#Footnote_374_374" class="fnanchor">374</a> -in its own liquor, or else smarides<a id="FNanchor_375_375"></a><a href="#Footnote_375_375" class="fnanchor">375</a> with a ptisan, or boiled -with fennel. Ashes of calcined shells of the murex or purple, -applied with honey, are an effectual cure for affections of the -mamillæ; river-crabs, too, and sea-crabs, applied topically, are -equally good. The meat of the murex, applied to the mamillæ, -removes hairs<a id="FNanchor_376_376"></a><a href="#Footnote_376_376" class="fnanchor">376</a> growing upon those parts. The squatina,<a id="FNanchor_377_377"></a><a href="#Footnote_377_377" class="fnanchor">377</a> applied -topically, prevents the mamillæ from becoming too distended. -Lint greased with dolphin’s<a id="FNanchor_378_378"></a><a href="#Footnote_378_378" class="fnanchor">378</a> fat, and then ignited, -produces a smoke which acts as an excitant upon females -suffering from hysterical suffocations; the same, too, with -strombi,<a id="FNanchor_379_379"></a><a href="#Footnote_379_379" class="fnanchor">379</a> left to putrefy in vinegar. Heads of perch or of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54">54</a></span>mænæ,<a id="FNanchor_380_380"></a><a href="#Footnote_380_380" class="fnanchor">380</a> calcined and mixed with salt, oil, and cunila,<a id="FNanchor_381_381"></a><a href="#Footnote_381_381" class="fnanchor">381</a> are -curative of diseases of the uterus: used as a fumigation, they -bring away the afterbirth. Fat,<a id="FNanchor_382_382"></a><a href="#Footnote_382_382" class="fnanchor">382</a> too, of the sea-calf, melted -by the agency of fire, is introduced into the nostrils of females -when swooning from hysterical suffocations; and for a similar -purpose, the rennet of that animal is applied as a pessary, in -wool.</p> - -<p>The pulmo marinus,<a id="FNanchor_383_383"></a><a href="#Footnote_383_383" class="fnanchor">383</a> attached to the body as an amulet, is -an excellent promoter of menstruation; an effect which is -equally produced by pounding live sea-urchins, and taking -them in sweet wine. River-crabs,<a id="FNanchor_384_384"></a><a href="#Footnote_384_384" class="fnanchor">384</a> bruised in wine, and taken -internally, arrest menstruation. The silurus,<a id="FNanchor_385_385"></a><a href="#Footnote_385_385" class="fnanchor">385</a> that of Africa<a id="FNanchor_386_386"></a><a href="#Footnote_386_386" class="fnanchor">386</a> -more particularly, used as a fumigation, facilitates parturition, -it is said. Crabs, taken in water, arrest menstruation; but -used with hyssop, they act as an emmenagogue, we are told. -In cases, too, where the infant is in danger of suffocation at -the moment of delivery, a similar drink, administered to the -mother, is highly efficacious. Crabs, too, either fresh or dried, -are taken in drink, for the purpose of preventing abortion. -Hippocrates<a id="FNanchor_387_387"></a><a href="#Footnote_387_387" class="fnanchor">387</a> prescribes them as a promoter of menstruation, -and as an expellent of the dead fœtus, beaten up with five<a id="FNanchor_388_388"></a><a href="#Footnote_388_388" class="fnanchor">388</a> -roots of lapathum and rue and some soot, and administered -in honied wine. Crabs, boiled and taken in their liquor, -with lapathum<a id="FNanchor_389_389"></a><a href="#Footnote_389_389" class="fnanchor">389</a> and parsley, promote the menstrual discharge, -and increase the milk. In cases of fever, attended -with pains in the head and throbbing of the eyes, crabs are -said to be highly beneficial to females, given in astringent -wine.</p> - -<p>Castoreum,<a id="FNanchor_390_390"></a><a href="#Footnote_390_390" class="fnanchor">390</a> taken in honied wine, is useful as a promoter -of menstruation: in cases of hysterical suffocation, it is given -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55">55</a></span>to the patient to smell at with pitch and vinegar, or else it is -made up into tablets and used as a pessary. For the purpose -also of bringing away the afterbirth it is found a useful plan -to employ castoreum with panax,<a id="FNanchor_391_391"></a><a href="#Footnote_391_391" class="fnanchor">391</a> in four cyathi of wine; -and in cases where the patient is suffering from cold, in doses -of three oboli. If, however, a female in a state of pregnancy -should happen to step over castoreum, or over the beaver itself, -abortion, it is said, will be the sure result: so, too, if castoreum -is only held over a pregnant woman’s head, there will be -great danger of miscarriage.</p> - -<p>There is a very marvellous fact, too, that I find stated in -reference to the torpedo:<a id="FNanchor_392_392"></a><a href="#Footnote_392_392" class="fnanchor">392</a> if it is caught at the time that the -moon is in Libra, and kept in the open air for three days, it -will always facilitate parturition, as often as it is introduced -into the apartment of a woman in labour. The sting, too, of -the pastinaca,<a id="FNanchor_393_393"></a><a href="#Footnote_393_393" class="fnanchor">393</a> attached to the navel, is generally thought to -have the property of facilitating delivery: it must be taken, -however, from the fish while alive; which done, the fish must -be returned to the sea. I find it stated by some authorities that -there is a substance called “ostraceum,” which is also spoken -of as “onyx”<a id="FNanchor_394_394"></a><a href="#Footnote_394_394" class="fnanchor">394</a> by others; that, used as a fumigation, it is -wonderfully beneficial for suffocations of the uterus; that in -smell it resembles castoreum, and is still more efficacious, if -burnt with this last substance; and that in a calcined state it -has the property of healing inveterate ulcers, and cancerous -sores of a malignant nature. As to carbuncles and carcinomatous -sores upon the secret parts of females, there is nothing -more efficacious, it is said, than a female crab beaten up, just -after full moon, with flower of salt<a id="FNanchor_395_395"></a><a href="#Footnote_395_395" class="fnanchor">395</a> and applied with water.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_47"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 47.—METHODS OF REMOVING SUPERFLUOUS HAIR. -DEPILATORIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Depilatories are prepared from the blood, gall, and liver of the -tunny, either fresh or preserved; as also from pounded liver of -the same fish, preserved with cedar resin<a id="FNanchor_396_396"></a><a href="#Footnote_396_396" class="fnanchor">396</a> in a leaden box; a recipe -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56">56</a></span>which we find given by the midwife Salpe<a id="FNanchor_397_397"></a><a href="#Footnote_397_397" class="fnanchor">397</a> for disguising -the age of boys on sale for slaves. A similar property belongs -to the pulmo marinus,<a id="FNanchor_398_398"></a><a href="#Footnote_398_398" class="fnanchor">398</a> to the blood and gall of the sea-hare, -and to the sea-hare itself, stifled in oil. The same, too, with -ashes of burnt crabs or sea scolopendræ,<a id="FNanchor_399_399"></a><a href="#Footnote_399_399" class="fnanchor">399</a> mixed with oil; -sea-nettles,<a id="FNanchor_400_400"></a><a href="#Footnote_400_400" class="fnanchor">400</a> bruised in squill vinegar; and brains of the torpedo<a id="FNanchor_401_401"></a><a href="#Footnote_401_401" class="fnanchor">401</a> -applied with alum on the sixteenth day of the moon. -The thick matter emitted by the small frogs, which we have -described when treating<a id="FNanchor_402_402"></a><a href="#Footnote_402_402" class="fnanchor">402</a> of eye-diseases, is a most efficient -depilatory, if applied fresh: the same, too, with the frog itself, -dried and pounded, and then boiled down to one-third in three -heminæ of water, or else boiled in a copper vessel with oil in a -like proportion. Others, again, prepare a depilatory from fifteen -frogs, in manner already<a id="FNanchor_403_403"></a><a href="#Footnote_403_403" class="fnanchor">403</a> stated under the head of remedies -for the eyes. Leeches, also, grilled in an earthen vessel, and -applied with vinegar, have the same property as a depilatory; -the very odour, too, which attaches to the persons who thus burn -them is singularly efficacious for killing bugs.<a id="FNanchor_404_404"></a><a href="#Footnote_404_404" class="fnanchor">404</a> Cases are to be -found, too, where persons have used castoreum with honey, -for many days together, as a depilatory. In the case, however, -of every depilatory, the hairs should always be removed before -it is applied.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_48"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 48.—REMEDIES FOR THE DISEASES OF INFANTS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Dentition in infants is promoted, and the gums greatly relieved, -by rubbing them with ashes of a dolphin’s teeth, -mixed with honey, or else by touching the gums with the tooth -itself of that fish. One of these teeth, worn as an amulet, is -a preventive of sudden frights;<a id="FNanchor_405_405"></a><a href="#Footnote_405_405" class="fnanchor">405</a> the tooth of the dog-fish<a id="FNanchor_406_406"></a><a href="#Footnote_406_406" class="fnanchor">406</a> -being also possessed of a similar property. As to ulcers which -make their appearance in the ears, or in any other parts of the -body, they may be cured by applying the liquor of river-crabs,<a id="FNanchor_407_407"></a><a href="#Footnote_407_407" class="fnanchor">407</a> -with barley-meal. These crabs, too, bruised in oil and employed -as a friction, are very useful for other kinds of maladies. A -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_57">57</a></span>sponge moistened with cold water from time to time,<a id="FNanchor_408_408"></a><a href="#Footnote_408_408" class="fnanchor">408</a> or a frog -applied, the back part to the head, is a most efficacious cure for -siriasis<a id="FNanchor_409_409"></a><a href="#Footnote_409_409" class="fnanchor">409</a> in infants. When the frog is removed, it will be found -quite dry, they say.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_49"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 49.—METHODS OF PREVENTING INTOXICATION. THE FISH -CALLED RUBELLIO: ONE REMEDY. THE EEL: ONE REMEDY. THE -GRAPE-FISH: ONE REMEDY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>A surmullet<a id="FNanchor_410_410"></a><a href="#Footnote_410_410" class="fnanchor">410</a> stifled in wine; the fish called “rubellio;”<a id="FNanchor_411_411"></a><a href="#Footnote_411_411" class="fnanchor">411</a> or -a couple of eels similarly treated; or a grapefish,<a id="FNanchor_412_412"></a><a href="#Footnote_412_412" class="fnanchor">412</a> left to putrefy -in wine, all of them, produce an aversion to wine in those -who drink thereof.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_50"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 50.—ANTAPHRODISIACS AND APHRODISIACS. THE HIPPOPOTAMUS: -ONE REMEDY. THE CROCODILE: ONE REMEDY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the number of antaphrodisiacs, we have the echeneïs;<a id="FNanchor_413_413"></a><a href="#Footnote_413_413" class="fnanchor">413</a> the -skin from the left side of the forehead of the hippopotamus,<a id="FNanchor_414_414"></a><a href="#Footnote_414_414" class="fnanchor">414</a> -attached to the body in lamb-skin; and the gall of a live torpedo,<a id="FNanchor_415_415"></a><a href="#Footnote_415_415" class="fnanchor">415</a> -applied to the generative organs.</p> - -<p>The following substances act as aphrodisiacs—the flesh of -river-snails, preserved in salt and given to drink in wine; the -erythinus<a id="FNanchor_416_416"></a><a href="#Footnote_416_416" class="fnanchor">416</a> taken as food; the liver of the frog called “diopetes” -or “calamites”<a id="FNanchor_417_417"></a><a href="#Footnote_417_417" class="fnanchor">417</a> attached to the body in a small piece of crane’s -skin; the eye-tooth of a crocodile, attached to the arm; the -hippocampus;<a id="FNanchor_418_418"></a><a href="#Footnote_418_418" class="fnanchor">418</a> and the sinews of a bramble-frog,<a id="FNanchor_419_419"></a><a href="#Footnote_419_419" class="fnanchor">419</a> worn as -an amulet upon the right arm. A bramble-frog, attached to -the body in a piece of fresh sheep-skin, effectually puts an end -to love.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_51"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 51.—REMEDIES FOR THE DISEASES OF ANIMALS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>A decoction of frogs in water, reduced to the form of a liniment, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_58">58</a></span>is curative of itch-scab in horses; indeed, it is said, that -a horse, when once treated in this manner, will never again -be attacked with the disease. Salpe says that if a live frog -is given to dogs in their mess, they will lose the power of -barking.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_52"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 52.—OTHER AQUATIC PRODUCTIONS. ADARCA OR CALAMOCHNOS: -THREE REMEDIES. REEDS: EIGHT REMEDIES. THE -INK OF THE SÆPIA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Among the aquatic productions ought also to be mentioned -calamochnos, in Latin known as “adarca,”<a id="FNanchor_420_420"></a><a href="#Footnote_420_420" class="fnanchor">420</a> a substance which -collects about small reeds, from a mixture of the foam of fresh -and of sea water. It possesses certain caustic properties, and -hence it is that it is so useful as an ingredient in “acopa”<a id="FNanchor_421_421"></a><a href="#Footnote_421_421" class="fnanchor">421</a> -and as a remedy for cold shiverings; it is used too, for removing -freckles upon the face of females. And now we are -speaking of adarca, the reed ought equally to be mentioned. The -root of that known as the “phragmites,”<a id="FNanchor_422_422"></a><a href="#Footnote_422_422" class="fnanchor">422</a> pounded fresh, is -curative of sprains, and, applied topically with vinegar, removes -pains in the spine. The calcined bark, too, of the -Cyprian<a id="FNanchor_423_423"></a><a href="#Footnote_423_423" class="fnanchor">423</a> reed, known as the “donax,” is curative of alopecy -and inveterate ulcers; and its leaves are good for the extraction -of foreign bodies adhering to the flesh, and for the cure -of erysipelas: should, however, the flower of the panicle happen -to enter the ears, deafness<a id="FNanchor_424_424"></a><a href="#Footnote_424_424" class="fnanchor">424</a> is the consequence.</p> - -<p>The ink of the sæpia<a id="FNanchor_425_425"></a><a href="#Footnote_425_425" class="fnanchor">425</a> is possessed of such remarkable potency, -that if it is put into a lamp, Anaxilaüs tells us, the light -will become entirely changed,<a id="FNanchor_426_426"></a><a href="#Footnote_426_426" class="fnanchor">426</a> and all present will look -as black as Æthiopians. The bramble-frog, boiled in water, -and given to swine with their drink, is curative of the maladies -with which they are affected; an effect equally produced by -the ashes of any other kind of frog. If wood is rubbed with -the pulmo marinus,<a id="FNanchor_427_427"></a><a href="#Footnote_427_427" class="fnanchor">427</a> it will have all the appearance of being -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_59">59</a></span>on fire; so much so, indeed, that a walking-stick, thus treated, -will light the way like a torch.<a id="FNanchor_428_428"></a><a href="#Footnote_428_428" class="fnanchor">428</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 53. (11.)—THE NAMES OF ALL THE ANIMALS THAT EXIST -IN THE SEA, ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SIX IN NUMBER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Having now completed our exposition of the properties which -belong to the aquatic productions, it would appear by no means -foreign to my purpose to give a list of the various animated -beings which inhabit the seas; so many as these are in number, -of such vast extent, and not only making their way into -the interior of the land to a distance of so many miles, but also -surrounding the exterior of it to an extent almost equal to that -of the world itself. These animals, it is generally considered, -embrace one hundred and seventy-six different<a id="FNanchor_429_429"></a><a href="#Footnote_429_429" class="fnanchor">429</a> species, and it -will be my object to set them forth, each by its distinct name, -a thing that cannot possibly be done in reference to the terrestrial -animals and the birds.</p> - -<p>For, in fact, we are by no means acquainted with all the -wild beasts or all the birds that are to be found in India, Æthiopia, -Scythia, or the desert regions of the earth; and even of -man himself there are numerous varieties, which as yet we -have been unable<a id="FNanchor_430_430"></a><a href="#Footnote_430_430" class="fnanchor">430</a> to make ourselves acquainted with. In addition, -too, to the various countries above mentioned, we have -Taprobane<a id="FNanchor_431_431"></a><a href="#Footnote_431_431" class="fnanchor">431</a> and other isles of the Ocean, about which so many -fabulous stories are related. Surely then, every one must allow -that it is quite impossible to comprise every species of animal in -one general view for the information of mankind. And yet, by -Hercules! in the sea and in the Ocean, vast as it is, there exists -nothing that is unknown to us,<a id="FNanchor_432_432"></a><a href="#Footnote_432_432" class="fnanchor">432</a> and, a truly marvellous fact, -it is with those things which Nature has concealed in the deep -that we are the best acquainted!</p> - -<p>To begin then with the monsters<a id="FNanchor_433_433"></a><a href="#Footnote_433_433" class="fnanchor">433</a> that are found in this element. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60">60</a></span>We here find sea-trees,<a id="FNanchor_434_434"></a><a href="#Footnote_434_434" class="fnanchor">434</a> physeters,<a id="FNanchor_435_435"></a><a href="#Footnote_435_435" class="fnanchor">435</a> balænæ,<a id="FNanchor_436_436"></a><a href="#Footnote_436_436" class="fnanchor">436</a> pistrices,<a id="FNanchor_437_437"></a><a href="#Footnote_437_437" class="fnanchor">437</a> -tritons,<a id="FNanchor_438_438"></a><a href="#Footnote_438_438" class="fnanchor">438</a> nereids,<a id="FNanchor_439_439"></a><a href="#Footnote_439_439" class="fnanchor">439</a> elephants,<a id="FNanchor_440_440"></a><a href="#Footnote_440_440" class="fnanchor">440</a> the creatures known as sea-men,<a id="FNanchor_441_441"></a><a href="#Footnote_441_441" class="fnanchor">441</a> -sea-wheels,<a id="FNanchor_442_442"></a><a href="#Footnote_442_442" class="fnanchor">442</a> orcæ,<a id="FNanchor_443_443"></a><a href="#Footnote_443_443" class="fnanchor">443</a> sea-rams,<a id="FNanchor_444_444"></a><a href="#Footnote_444_444" class="fnanchor">444</a> musculi,<a id="FNanchor_445_445"></a><a href="#Footnote_445_445" class="fnanchor">445</a> other fish too -with the form of rams,<a id="FNanchor_446_446"></a><a href="#Footnote_446_446" class="fnanchor">446</a> dolphins,<a id="FNanchor_447_447"></a><a href="#Footnote_447_447" class="fnanchor">447</a> sea-calves,<a id="FNanchor_448_448"></a><a href="#Footnote_448_448" class="fnanchor">448</a> so celebrated by -Homer,<a id="FNanchor_449_449"></a><a href="#Footnote_449_449" class="fnanchor">449</a> tortoises<a id="FNanchor_450_450"></a><a href="#Footnote_450_450" class="fnanchor">450</a> to minister to our luxury, and beavers, so -extensively employed in medicine,<a id="FNanchor_451_451"></a><a href="#Footnote_451_451" class="fnanchor">451</a> to which class belongs -the otter,<a id="FNanchor_452_452"></a><a href="#Footnote_452_452" class="fnanchor">452</a> an animal which we nowhere find frequenting the -sea, it being only of the marine animals that we are speaking. -There are dog-fish,<a id="FNanchor_453_453"></a><a href="#Footnote_453_453" class="fnanchor">453</a> also, drinones,<a id="FNanchor_454_454"></a><a href="#Footnote_454_454" class="fnanchor">454</a> cornutæ,<a id="FNanchor_455_455"></a><a href="#Footnote_455_455" class="fnanchor">455</a> swordfish,<a id="FNanchor_456_456"></a><a href="#Footnote_456_456" class="fnanchor">456</a> -saw-fish,<a id="FNanchor_457_457"></a><a href="#Footnote_457_457" class="fnanchor">457</a> hippopotami<a id="FNanchor_458_458"></a><a href="#Footnote_458_458" class="fnanchor">458</a> and crocodiles,<a id="FNanchor_459_459"></a><a href="#Footnote_459_459" class="fnanchor">459</a> common to the -sea, the land, and the rivers; tunnies<a id="FNanchor_460_460"></a><a href="#Footnote_460_460" class="fnanchor">460</a> also, thynnides, siluri,<a id="FNanchor_461_461"></a><a href="#Footnote_461_461" class="fnanchor">461</a> -coracini,<a id="FNanchor_462_462"></a><a href="#Footnote_462_462" class="fnanchor">462</a> and perch,<a id="FNanchor_463_463"></a><a href="#Footnote_463_463" class="fnanchor">463</a> common to the sea only and to rivers.</p> - -<p>To the sea only, belong also the acipenser,<a id="FNanchor_464_464"></a><a href="#Footnote_464_464" class="fnanchor">464</a> the dorade,<a id="FNanchor_465_465"></a><a href="#Footnote_465_465" class="fnanchor">465</a> -the asellus,<a id="FNanchor_466_466"></a><a href="#Footnote_466_466" class="fnanchor">466</a> the acharne,<a id="FNanchor_467_467"></a><a href="#Footnote_467_467" class="fnanchor">467</a> the aphye,<a id="FNanchor_468_468"></a><a href="#Footnote_468_468" class="fnanchor">468</a> the alopex,<a id="FNanchor_469_469"></a><a href="#Footnote_469_469" class="fnanchor">469</a> the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61">61</a></span>eel,<a id="FNanchor_470_470"></a><a href="#Footnote_470_470" class="fnanchor">470</a> the araneus,<a id="FNanchor_471_471"></a><a href="#Footnote_471_471" class="fnanchor">471</a> the boca,<a id="FNanchor_472_472"></a><a href="#Footnote_472_472" class="fnanchor">472</a> the batia,<a id="FNanchor_473_473"></a><a href="#Footnote_473_473" class="fnanchor">473</a> the bacchus,<a id="FNanchor_474_474"></a><a href="#Footnote_474_474" class="fnanchor">474</a> the batrachus,<a id="FNanchor_475_475"></a><a href="#Footnote_475_475" class="fnanchor">475</a> -the belonæ,<a id="FNanchor_476_476"></a><a href="#Footnote_476_476" class="fnanchor">476</a> known to us as “aculeati,”<a id="FNanchor_477_477"></a><a href="#Footnote_477_477" class="fnanchor">477</a> the balanus,<a id="FNanchor_478_478"></a><a href="#Footnote_478_478" class="fnanchor">478</a> -the corvus,<a id="FNanchor_479_479"></a><a href="#Footnote_479_479" class="fnanchor">479</a> the citharus, the least esteemed of all the -turbots, the chalcis,<a id="FNanchor_480_480"></a><a href="#Footnote_480_480" class="fnanchor">480</a> the cobio,<a id="FNanchor_481_481"></a><a href="#Footnote_481_481" class="fnanchor">481</a> the callarias,<a id="FNanchor_482_482"></a><a href="#Footnote_482_482" class="fnanchor">482</a> which would -belong to the genus of the aselli<a id="FNanchor_483_483"></a><a href="#Footnote_483_483" class="fnanchor">483</a> were it not smaller; the -colias,<a id="FNanchor_484_484"></a><a href="#Footnote_484_484" class="fnanchor">484</a> otherwise known as the fish of Parium<a id="FNanchor_485_485"></a><a href="#Footnote_485_485" class="fnanchor">485</a> or of Sexita,<a id="FNanchor_486_486"></a><a href="#Footnote_486_486" class="fnanchor">486</a> -this last from a place of that name in Bætica its native region, -the smallest, too, of the lacerti;<a id="FNanchor_487_487"></a><a href="#Footnote_487_487" class="fnanchor">487</a> the colias of the -Mæotis, the next smallest of the lacerti; the cybium,<a id="FNanchor_488_488"></a><a href="#Footnote_488_488" class="fnanchor">488</a> (the -name given, when cut into pieces, to the pelamis<a id="FNanchor_489_489"></a><a href="#Footnote_489_489" class="fnanchor">489</a> which returns -at the end of forty days from the Euxine to the Palus -Mæotis); the cordyla<a id="FNanchor_490_490"></a><a href="#Footnote_490_490" class="fnanchor">490</a>—which is also a small pelamis, so -called at the time when it enters the Euxine from the Palus -Mæotis—the cantharus,<a id="FNanchor_491_491"></a><a href="#Footnote_491_491" class="fnanchor">491</a> the callionymus<a id="FNanchor_492_492"></a><a href="#Footnote_492_492" class="fnanchor">492</a> or uranoscopus, -the cinædus, the only<a id="FNanchor_493_493"></a><a href="#Footnote_493_493" class="fnanchor">493</a> fish that is of a yellow colour; the -cnide, known to us as the sea-nettle;<a id="FNanchor_494_494"></a><a href="#Footnote_494_494" class="fnanchor">494</a> the different kinds of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62">62</a></span>crabs,<a id="FNanchor_495_495"></a><a href="#Footnote_495_495" class="fnanchor">495</a> the striated chemæ,<a id="FNanchor_496_496"></a><a href="#Footnote_496_496" class="fnanchor">496</a> the smooth chemæ, the chemæ -belonging to the genus of pelorides,<a id="FNanchor_497_497"></a><a href="#Footnote_497_497" class="fnanchor">497</a> all differing in the variety -of their colours and in the roundness of the shells; the -chemæ glycymarides,<a id="FNanchor_498_498"></a><a href="#Footnote_498_498" class="fnanchor">498</a> still larger than the pelorides; the coluthia -or coryphia;<a id="FNanchor_499_499"></a><a href="#Footnote_499_499" class="fnanchor">499</a> the various kinds of shellfish, among -which we find the pearl oysters,<a id="FNanchor_500_500"></a><a href="#Footnote_500_500" class="fnanchor">500</a> the cochleæ,<a id="FNanchor_501_501"></a><a href="#Footnote_501_501" class="fnanchor">501</a> (belonging to -which class are the pentadactyli,<a id="FNanchor_502_502"></a><a href="#Footnote_502_502" class="fnanchor">502</a>) the helices,<a id="FNanchor_503_503"></a><a href="#Footnote_503_503" class="fnanchor">503</a> by some known -as actinophori, the spokes<a id="FNanchor_504_504"></a><a href="#Footnote_504_504" class="fnanchor">504</a> on whose shells are used for musical -purposes;<a id="FNanchor_505_505"></a><a href="#Footnote_505_505" class="fnanchor">505</a> and, in addition to these, the round cochleæ, the -shells of which are used in measuring oil, as also the sea-cucumber,<a id="FNanchor_506_506"></a><a href="#Footnote_506_506" class="fnanchor">506</a> -the cynopos,<a id="FNanchor_507_507"></a><a href="#Footnote_507_507" class="fnanchor">507</a> the cammarus,<a id="FNanchor_508_508"></a><a href="#Footnote_508_508" class="fnanchor">508</a> and the cynosdexia.<a id="FNanchor_509_509"></a><a href="#Footnote_509_509" class="fnanchor">509</a></p> - -<p>Next to these we have the sea-dragon,<a id="FNanchor_510_510"></a><a href="#Footnote_510_510" class="fnanchor">510</a> a fish which, according -to some, is altogether distinct from the dracunculus,<a id="FNanchor_511_511"></a><a href="#Footnote_511_511" class="fnanchor">511</a> and -resembles the gerricula in appearance, it having on the gills a -stickle which points towards the tail and inflicts a wound like -that of the scorpion<a id="FNanchor_512_512"></a><a href="#Footnote_512_512" class="fnanchor">512</a> when the fish is handled—the erythinus,<a id="FNanchor_513_513"></a><a href="#Footnote_513_513" class="fnanchor">513</a> -the echeneïs,<a id="FNanchor_514_514"></a><a href="#Footnote_514_514" class="fnanchor">514</a> the sea-urchin,<a id="FNanchor_515_515"></a><a href="#Footnote_515_515" class="fnanchor">515</a> the sea-elephant, a black -kind of crayfish, with four forked legs, in addition to two -arms with double joints, and furnished, each of them, with -a pair of claws, indented at the edge; the faber,<a id="FNanchor_516_516"></a><a href="#Footnote_516_516" class="fnanchor">516</a> also, or -zæus, the glauciscus,<a id="FNanchor_517_517"></a><a href="#Footnote_517_517" class="fnanchor">517</a> the glanis,<a id="FNanchor_518_518"></a><a href="#Footnote_518_518" class="fnanchor">518</a> the gonger,<a id="FNanchor_519_519"></a><a href="#Footnote_519_519" class="fnanchor">519</a> the gerres,<a id="FNanchor_520_520"></a><a href="#Footnote_520_520" class="fnanchor">520</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_63">63</a></span>the galeos,<a id="FNanchor_521_521"></a><a href="#Footnote_521_521" class="fnanchor">521</a> the garos,<a id="FNanchor_522_522"></a><a href="#Footnote_522_522" class="fnanchor">522</a> the hippos,<a id="FNanchor_523_523"></a><a href="#Footnote_523_523" class="fnanchor">523</a> the hippuros,<a id="FNanchor_524_524"></a><a href="#Footnote_524_524" class="fnanchor">524</a> the hirundo,<a id="FNanchor_525_525"></a><a href="#Footnote_525_525" class="fnanchor">525</a> -the halipleumon,<a id="FNanchor_526_526"></a><a href="#Footnote_526_526" class="fnanchor">526</a> the hippocampus,<a id="FNanchor_527_527"></a><a href="#Footnote_527_527" class="fnanchor">527</a> the hepar,<a id="FNanchor_528_528"></a><a href="#Footnote_528_528" class="fnanchor">528</a> the -ictinus<a id="FNanchor_529_529"></a><a href="#Footnote_529_529" class="fnanchor">529</a> and the iulis.<a id="FNanchor_530_530"></a><a href="#Footnote_530_530" class="fnanchor">530</a> There are various kinds also of lacerti,<a id="FNanchor_531_531"></a><a href="#Footnote_531_531" class="fnanchor">531</a> -the springing loligo,<a id="FNanchor_532_532"></a><a href="#Footnote_532_532" class="fnanchor">532</a> the crayfish,<a id="FNanchor_533_533"></a><a href="#Footnote_533_533" class="fnanchor">533</a> the lantern-fish,<a id="FNanchor_534_534"></a><a href="#Footnote_534_534" class="fnanchor">534</a> -the lepas,<a id="FNanchor_535_535"></a><a href="#Footnote_535_535" class="fnanchor">535</a> the larinus, the sea-hare,<a id="FNanchor_536_536"></a><a href="#Footnote_536_536" class="fnanchor">536</a> and the sea-lion,<a id="FNanchor_537_537"></a><a href="#Footnote_537_537" class="fnanchor">537</a> with -arms like those of the crab, and in the other parts of the body -like the cray-fish.</p> - -<p>We have the surmullet<a id="FNanchor_538_538"></a><a href="#Footnote_538_538" class="fnanchor">538</a> also, the sea black-bird,<a id="FNanchor_539_539"></a><a href="#Footnote_539_539" class="fnanchor">539</a> highly -esteemed among the rock-fish; the mullet,<a id="FNanchor_540_540"></a><a href="#Footnote_540_540" class="fnanchor">540</a> the melanurus,<a id="FNanchor_541_541"></a><a href="#Footnote_541_541" class="fnanchor">541</a> -the mæna,<a id="FNanchor_542_542"></a><a href="#Footnote_542_542" class="fnanchor">542</a> the mæotis,<a id="FNanchor_543_543"></a><a href="#Footnote_543_543" class="fnanchor">543</a> the muræna,<a id="FNanchor_544_544"></a><a href="#Footnote_544_544" class="fnanchor">544</a> the mys,<a id="FNanchor_545_545"></a><a href="#Footnote_545_545" class="fnanchor">545</a> the mitulus,<a id="FNanchor_546_546"></a><a href="#Footnote_546_546" class="fnanchor">546</a> -the myiscus,<a id="FNanchor_547_547"></a><a href="#Footnote_547_547" class="fnanchor">547</a> the murex,<a id="FNanchor_548_548"></a><a href="#Footnote_548_548" class="fnanchor">548</a> the oculata,<a id="FNanchor_549_549"></a><a href="#Footnote_549_549" class="fnanchor">549</a> the ophidion,<a id="FNanchor_550_550"></a><a href="#Footnote_550_550" class="fnanchor">550</a> -the oyster,<a id="FNanchor_551_551"></a><a href="#Footnote_551_551" class="fnanchor">551</a> the otia,<a id="FNanchor_552_552"></a><a href="#Footnote_552_552" class="fnanchor">552</a> the orcynus—the largest of all the pelamides<a id="FNanchor_553_553"></a><a href="#Footnote_553_553" class="fnanchor">553</a> -and one that never returns to the Palus Mæotis, like -the tritomus<a id="FNanchor_554_554"></a><a href="#Footnote_554_554" class="fnanchor">554</a> in appearance, and best when old—the orbis,<a id="FNanchor_555_555"></a><a href="#Footnote_555_555" class="fnanchor">555</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_64">64</a></span>the orthagoriscus,<a id="FNanchor_556_556"></a><a href="#Footnote_556_556" class="fnanchor">556</a> the phager,<a id="FNanchor_557_557"></a><a href="#Footnote_557_557" class="fnanchor">557</a> the phycis<a id="FNanchor_558_558"></a><a href="#Footnote_558_558" class="fnanchor">558</a> a rock-fish, the -pelamis,<a id="FNanchor_559_559"></a><a href="#Footnote_559_559" class="fnanchor">559</a> (the largest kind of which is called “apolectum,”<a id="FNanchor_560_560"></a><a href="#Footnote_560_560" class="fnanchor">560</a> -and is tougher than the tritomus) the sea-pig,<a id="FNanchor_561_561"></a><a href="#Footnote_561_561" class="fnanchor">561</a> the phthir,<a id="FNanchor_562_562"></a><a href="#Footnote_562_562" class="fnanchor">562</a> -the sea-sparrow,<a id="FNanchor_563_563"></a><a href="#Footnote_563_563" class="fnanchor">563</a> the pastinaca,<a id="FNanchor_564_564"></a><a href="#Footnote_564_564" class="fnanchor">564</a> the several varieties of the -polyp,<a id="FNanchor_565_565"></a><a href="#Footnote_565_565" class="fnanchor">565</a> the scallop,<a id="FNanchor_566_566"></a><a href="#Footnote_566_566" class="fnanchor">566</a> which is larger and more swarthy in -summer than at other times, and the most esteemed of which -are those of Mitylene,<a id="FNanchor_567_567"></a><a href="#Footnote_567_567" class="fnanchor">567</a> Tyndaris,<a id="FNanchor_568_568"></a><a href="#Footnote_568_568" class="fnanchor">568</a> Salonæ,<a id="FNanchor_569_569"></a><a href="#Footnote_569_569" class="fnanchor">569</a> Altinum,<a id="FNanchor_570_570"></a><a href="#Footnote_570_570" class="fnanchor">570</a> the -island of Chios, and Alexandria in Egypt; the small scallop,<a id="FNanchor_571_571"></a><a href="#Footnote_571_571" class="fnanchor">571</a> -the purple,<a id="FNanchor_572_572"></a><a href="#Footnote_572_572" class="fnanchor">572</a> the pegris,<a id="FNanchor_573_573"></a><a href="#Footnote_573_573" class="fnanchor">573</a> the pinna,<a id="FNanchor_574_574"></a><a href="#Footnote_574_574" class="fnanchor">574</a> the pinnotheres,<a id="FNanchor_575_575"></a><a href="#Footnote_575_575" class="fnanchor">575</a> the -rhine<a id="FNanchor_576_576"></a><a href="#Footnote_576_576" class="fnanchor">576</a> or squalus of the Latins, the turbot,<a id="FNanchor_577_577"></a><a href="#Footnote_577_577" class="fnanchor">577</a> the scarus,<a id="FNanchor_578_578"></a><a href="#Footnote_578_578" class="fnanchor">578</a> a -fish which holds the first rank at the present day; the sole,<a id="FNanchor_579_579"></a><a href="#Footnote_579_579" class="fnanchor">579</a> the -sargus,<a id="FNanchor_580_580"></a><a href="#Footnote_580_580" class="fnanchor">580</a> the squilla,<a id="FNanchor_581_581"></a><a href="#Footnote_581_581" class="fnanchor">581</a> the sarda<a id="FNanchor_582_582"></a><a href="#Footnote_582_582" class="fnanchor">582</a>—such being the name of an -elongated pelamis<a id="FNanchor_583_583"></a><a href="#Footnote_583_583" class="fnanchor">583</a> which comes from the Ocean; the scomber,<a id="FNanchor_584_584"></a><a href="#Footnote_584_584" class="fnanchor">584</a> -the salpa,<a id="FNanchor_585_585"></a><a href="#Footnote_585_585" class="fnanchor">585</a> the sorus,<a id="FNanchor_586_586"></a><a href="#Footnote_586_586" class="fnanchor">586</a> the scorpæna,<a id="FNanchor_587_587"></a><a href="#Footnote_587_587" class="fnanchor">587</a> the sea-scorpion,<a id="FNanchor_588_588"></a><a href="#Footnote_588_588" class="fnanchor">588</a> the solas,<a id="FNanchor_589_589"></a><a href="#Footnote_589_589" class="fnanchor">589</a> -the sciæna,<a id="FNanchor_590_590"></a><a href="#Footnote_590_590" class="fnanchor">590</a> the sciadeus,<a id="FNanchor_591_591"></a><a href="#Footnote_591_591" class="fnanchor">591</a> the scolopendra,<a id="FNanchor_592_592"></a><a href="#Footnote_592_592" class="fnanchor">592</a> the smyrus,<a id="FNanchor_593_593"></a><a href="#Footnote_593_593" class="fnanchor">593</a> -the sæpia,<a id="FNanchor_594_594"></a><a href="#Footnote_594_594" class="fnanchor">594</a> the strombus,<a id="FNanchor_595_595"></a><a href="#Footnote_595_595" class="fnanchor">595</a> the solen,<a id="FNanchor_596_596"></a><a href="#Footnote_596_596" class="fnanchor">596</a> otherwise known as the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_65">65</a></span>aulos, donax, onyx or dactylus; the spondylus,<a id="FNanchor_597_597"></a><a href="#Footnote_597_597" class="fnanchor">597</a> the smaris,<a id="FNanchor_598_598"></a><a href="#Footnote_598_598" class="fnanchor">598</a> -the starfish,<a id="FNanchor_599_599"></a><a href="#Footnote_599_599" class="fnanchor">599</a> and the sponges.<a id="FNanchor_600_600"></a><a href="#Footnote_600_600" class="fnanchor">600</a> There is the sea-thrush<a id="FNanchor_601_601"></a><a href="#Footnote_601_601" class="fnanchor">601</a> also, -famous among the rock-fish, the thynnis,<a id="FNanchor_602_602"></a><a href="#Footnote_602_602" class="fnanchor">602</a> the thranis, by some -writers known as the xiphias;<a id="FNanchor_603_603"></a><a href="#Footnote_603_603" class="fnanchor">603</a> the thrissa,<a id="FNanchor_604_604"></a><a href="#Footnote_604_604" class="fnanchor">604</a> the torpedo,<a id="FNanchor_605_605"></a><a href="#Footnote_605_605" class="fnanchor">605</a> the -tethea,<a id="FNanchor_606_606"></a><a href="#Footnote_606_606" class="fnanchor">606</a> the tritomus, a large kind of pelamis,<a id="FNanchor_607_607"></a><a href="#Footnote_607_607" class="fnanchor">607</a> which admits -of being cut into three cybia;<a id="FNanchor_608_608"></a><a href="#Footnote_608_608" class="fnanchor">608</a> the shells of Venus,<a id="FNanchor_609_609"></a><a href="#Footnote_609_609" class="fnanchor">609</a> the grape-fish,<a id="FNanchor_610_610"></a><a href="#Footnote_610_610" class="fnanchor">610</a> -and the xiphias.<a id="FNanchor_611_611"></a><a href="#Footnote_611_611" class="fnanchor">611</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_54"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 54.—ADDITIONAL NAMES OF FISHES FOUND IN THE POEM -OF OVID.</span></h3></div> - -<p>To the above enumeration we will add some names given in -the poem of Ovid,<a id="FNanchor_612_612"></a><a href="#Footnote_612_612" class="fnanchor">612</a> which are not to be found in any other -writer: species, however, which are probably peculiar to the -Euxine, on the shores<a id="FNanchor_613_613"></a><a href="#Footnote_613_613" class="fnanchor">613</a> of which he commenced that work -towards the close of his life. The fishes thus mentioned by -him are the sea-ox, the cercyrus, that dwells among the rocks, -the orphus,<a id="FNanchor_614_614"></a><a href="#Footnote_614_614" class="fnanchor">614</a> the red erythinus,<a id="FNanchor_615_615"></a><a href="#Footnote_615_615" class="fnanchor">615</a> the iulus,<a id="FNanchor_616_616"></a><a href="#Footnote_616_616" class="fnanchor">616</a> the tinted mormyr, -the chrysophrys<a id="FNanchor_617_617"></a><a href="#Footnote_617_617" class="fnanchor">617</a> a fish of a golden colour, the parus,<a id="FNanchor_618_618"></a><a href="#Footnote_618_618" class="fnanchor">618</a> -the tragus,<a id="FNanchor_619_619"></a><a href="#Footnote_619_619" class="fnanchor">619</a> the melanurus<a id="FNanchor_620_620"></a><a href="#Footnote_620_620" class="fnanchor">620</a> remarkable for the beauty of its -tail, and the epodes,<a id="FNanchor_621_621"></a><a href="#Footnote_621_621" class="fnanchor">621</a> a flat fish.</p> - -<p>In addition to these remarkable kinds of fishes, the same -poet tells us that the channes<a id="FNanchor_622_622"></a><a href="#Footnote_622_622" class="fnanchor">622</a> conceives of itself, that the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_66">66</a></span>glaucus<a id="FNanchor_623_623"></a><a href="#Footnote_623_623" class="fnanchor">623</a> never makes its appearance in summer, that the pompilus<a id="FNanchor_624_624"></a><a href="#Footnote_624_624" class="fnanchor">624</a> -always accompanies vessels in their course, and that -the chromis<a id="FNanchor_625_625"></a><a href="#Footnote_625_625" class="fnanchor">625</a> makes its nest in the water. The helops, he -says, is unknown to our waters; from which it would appear -that those are in error who look upon it as identical with our -acipenser.<a id="FNanchor_626_626"></a><a href="#Footnote_626_626" class="fnanchor">626</a> Many persons have given the preference to the -helops before all other fish, in point of flavour.</p> - -<p>There are several fishes also, which have been mentioned by -no author; such, for instance, as the one called “sudis” by -the Latins, and “sphyrene” by the Greeks, names which indicate -the peculiar form of its muzzle.<a id="FNanchor_627_627"></a><a href="#Footnote_627_627" class="fnanchor">627</a> It is one of the very -largest kinds, but rarely found, and by no means of inferior -flavour. “Perna,” too, is the name given to a kind of shell-fish, -found in vast numbers in the vicinity of the islands of the -Euxine. These fish are found firmly planted in the sand, resembling -in appearance the long shank<a id="FNanchor_628_628"></a><a href="#Footnote_628_628" class="fnanchor">628</a> of a hog. Opening -wide their shells, where there is sufficient space, they lie in -wait for their prey; this opening being not less than a foot in -breadth, and the edges of it garnished around with teeth -closely set, much resembling the teeth of a comb in form. -Within the shell, the meat consists of a vast lump of flesh. -I once saw, too, a fish called the “hyæna,”<a id="FNanchor_629_629"></a><a href="#Footnote_629_629" class="fnanchor">629</a> which had been -caught off the island of Ænaria.<a id="FNanchor_630_630"></a><a href="#Footnote_630_630" class="fnanchor">630</a></p> - -<p>In addition to these animals, there are certain excretions -thrown up by the sea, which do not merit any further notice, -and indeed ought to be reckoned among the sea-weeds, rather -than looked upon as animated beings.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Summary.</span>—Remedies, narratives, and observations, nine -hundred and ninety.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Roman Authors quoted.</span>—Licinius Macer,<a id="FNanchor_631_631"></a><a href="#Footnote_631_631" class="fnanchor">631</a> Trebius Niger,<a id="FNanchor_632_632"></a><a href="#Footnote_632_632" class="fnanchor">632</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_67">67</a></span>Sextius Niger<a id="FNanchor_633_633"></a><a href="#Footnote_633_633" class="fnanchor">633</a> who wrote in Greek, the Poet Ovid,<a id="FNanchor_634_634"></a><a href="#Footnote_634_634" class="fnanchor">634</a> Cassius -Hemina,<a id="FNanchor_635_635"></a><a href="#Footnote_635_635" class="fnanchor">635</a> Mæcenas,<a id="FNanchor_636_636"></a><a href="#Footnote_636_636" class="fnanchor">636</a> Iacchus,<a id="FNanchor_637_637"></a><a href="#Footnote_637_637" class="fnanchor">637</a> Sornatius.<a id="FNanchor_638_638"></a><a href="#Footnote_638_638" class="fnanchor">638</a></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Foreign Authors quoted.</span>—Juba,<a id="FNanchor_639_639"></a><a href="#Footnote_639_639" class="fnanchor">639</a> Andreas,<a id="FNanchor_640_640"></a><a href="#Footnote_640_640" class="fnanchor">640</a> Salpe,<a id="FNanchor_641_641"></a><a href="#Footnote_641_641" class="fnanchor">641</a> -Apion,<a id="FNanchor_642_642"></a><a href="#Footnote_642_642" class="fnanchor">642</a> Pelops,<a id="FNanchor_643_643"></a><a href="#Footnote_643_643" class="fnanchor">643</a> Apelles,<a id="FNanchor_644_644"></a><a href="#Footnote_644_644" class="fnanchor">644</a> Thrasyllus,<a id="FNanchor_645_645"></a><a href="#Footnote_645_645" class="fnanchor">645</a> Nicander.<a id="FNanchor_646_646"></a><a href="#Footnote_646_646" class="fnanchor">646</a></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_68">68</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="BOOK_XXXIII">BOOK XXXIII.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.<a id="FNanchor_647_647"></a><a href="#Footnote_647_647" class="fnanchor">647</a></span></h2> - -<h3 class="section nobreak" id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_1"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 1. (1.)—METALS.</span></h3></div> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">We</span> are now about to speak of metals, of actual wealth,<a id="FNanchor_648_648"></a><a href="#Footnote_648_648" class="fnanchor">648</a> -the standard of comparative value, objects for which we diligently -search, within the earth, in numerous ways. In one -place, for instance, we undermine it for the purpose of obtaining -riches, to supply the exigencies of life, searching for either -gold or silver, electrum<a id="FNanchor_649_649"></a><a href="#Footnote_649_649" class="fnanchor">649</a> or copper.<a id="FNanchor_650_650"></a><a href="#Footnote_650_650" class="fnanchor">650</a> In another place, to -satisfy the requirements of luxury, our researches extend to -gems and pigments, with which to adorn our fingers<a id="FNanchor_651_651"></a><a href="#Footnote_651_651" class="fnanchor">651</a> and the -walls of our houses: while in a third place, we gratify our -rash propensities by a search for iron, which, amid wars and -carnage, is deemed more acceptable even than gold. We trace -out all the veins of the earth, and yet, living upon it, undermined -as it is beneath our feet, are astonished that it should occasionally -cleave asunder or tremble: as though, forsooth, these -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_69">69</a></span>signs could be any other than expressions of the indignation -felt by our sacred parent! We penetrate into her entrails, and -seek for treasures in the abodes even of the Manes,<a id="FNanchor_652_652"></a><a href="#Footnote_652_652" class="fnanchor">652</a> as though -each spot we tread upon were not sufficiently bounteous and -fertile for us!</p> - -<p>And yet, amid all this, we are far from making remedies the -object of our researches: and how few in thus delving into the -earth have in view the promotion of medicinal knowledge! For -it is upon her surface, in fact, that she has presented us with -these substances, equally with the cereals, bounteous and ever -ready, as she is, in supplying us with all things for our benefit! -It is what is concealed from our view, what is sunk far beneath -her surface, objects, in fact, of no rapid formation,<a id="FNanchor_653_653"></a><a href="#Footnote_653_653" class="fnanchor">653</a> that -urge us to our ruin, that send us to the very depths of hell. -As the mind ranges in vague speculation, let us only consider, -proceeding through all ages, as these operations are, when will -be the end of thus exhausting the earth, and to what point -will avarice finally penetrate! How innocent, how happy, how -truly delightful even would life be, if we were to desire nothing -but what is to be found upon the face of the earth; in a -word, nothing but what is provided ready to our hands!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_2"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 2.—GOLD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Gold is dug out of the earth, and, in close proximity to it, -chrysocolla,<a id="FNanchor_654_654"></a><a href="#Footnote_654_654" class="fnanchor">654</a> a substance which, that it may appear all the -more precious, still retains the name<a id="FNanchor_655_655"></a><a href="#Footnote_655_655" class="fnanchor">655</a> which it has borrowed -from gold.<a id="FNanchor_656_656"></a><a href="#Footnote_656_656" class="fnanchor">656</a> It was not enough for us to have discovered one -bane for the human race, but we must set a value too upon the -very humours of gold.<a id="FNanchor_657_657"></a><a href="#Footnote_657_657" class="fnanchor">657</a> While avarice, too, was on the search -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_70">70</a></span>for silver, it congratulated itself upon the discovery of minium,<a id="FNanchor_658_658"></a><a href="#Footnote_658_658" class="fnanchor">658</a> -and devised a use to be made of this red earth.</p> - -<p>Alas for the prodigal inventions of man! in how many -ways have we augmented the value of things!<a id="FNanchor_659_659"></a><a href="#Footnote_659_659" class="fnanchor">659</a> In addition -to the standard value of these metals, the art of painting lends -its aid, and we have rendered gold and silver still more costly -by the art of chasing them. Man has learned how to challenge -both Nature and art to become the incitements to vice! His -very cups he has delighted to engrave with libidinous subjects, -and he takes pleasure in drinking from vessels of obscene form!<a id="FNanchor_660_660"></a><a href="#Footnote_660_660" class="fnanchor">660</a> -But in lapse of time, the metals passed out of fashion, and -men began to make no account of them; gold and silver, in -fact, became too common. From this same earth we have extracted -vessels of murrhine<a id="FNanchor_661_661"></a><a href="#Footnote_661_661" class="fnanchor">661</a> and vases of crystal,<a id="FNanchor_662_662"></a><a href="#Footnote_662_662" class="fnanchor">662</a> objects -the very fragility of which is considered to enhance their value. -In fact, it has come to be looked upon as a proof of opulence, -and as quite the glory of luxury, to possess that which may be -irremediably destroyed in an instant. Nor was even this -enough;—we now drink from out of a mass of gems,<a id="FNanchor_663_663"></a><a href="#Footnote_663_663" class="fnanchor">663</a> and we -set our goblets with smaragdi;<a id="FNanchor_664_664"></a><a href="#Footnote_664_664" class="fnanchor">664</a> we take delight in possessing -the wealth of India, as the promoter of intoxication, and gold -is now nothing more than a mere accessory.<a id="FNanchor_665_665"></a><a href="#Footnote_665_665" class="fnanchor">665</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_71">71</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_3"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 3.—WHAT WAS THE FIRST RECOMMENDATION OF GOLD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Would that gold could have been banished for ever from -the earth, accursed by universal report,<a id="FNanchor_666_666"></a><a href="#Footnote_666_666" class="fnanchor">666</a> as some of the most -celebrated writers have expressed themselves, reviled by the -reproaches of the best of men, and looked upon as discovered -only for the ruin of mankind. How much more happy the -age when things themselves were bartered for one another; as -was the case in the times of the Trojan war, if we are to believe -what Homer says. For, in this way, in my opinion, was -commerce then carried on for the supply of the necessaries of -life. Some, he tells us, would make their purchases by bartering -ox-hides, and others by bartering iron or the spoil which they -had taken from the enemy:<a id="FNanchor_667_667"></a><a href="#Footnote_667_667" class="fnanchor">667</a> and yet he himself, already an -admirer of gold, was so far aware of the relative value of things, -that Glaucus, he informs us, exchanged his arms of gold, valued -at one hundred oxen, for those of Diomedes, which were worth -but nine.<a id="FNanchor_668_668"></a><a href="#Footnote_668_668" class="fnanchor">668</a> Proceeding upon the same system of barter, many -of the fines imposed by ancient laws, at Rome even, were -levied in cattle,<a id="FNanchor_669_669"></a><a href="#Footnote_669_669" class="fnanchor">669</a> [and not in money].</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_4"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 4.—THE ORIGIN OF GOLD RINGS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The worst crime against mankind was committed by him -who was the first to put a ring upon his fingers: and yet we -are not informed, by tradition, who it was that first did so. For -as to all the stories told about Prometheus, I look upon them as -utterly fabulous, although I am aware that the ancients used -to represent him with a ring of iron: it was their intention, -however, to signify a chain thereby, and not an ornament. -As to the ring of Midas,<a id="FNanchor_670_670"></a><a href="#Footnote_670_670" class="fnanchor">670</a> which, upon the collet being turned -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_72">72</a></span>inwards, conferred invisibility upon the wearer, who is there -that must not admit, perforce, that this story is even still -more fabulous? It was the hand, and a sinister<a id="FNanchor_671_671"></a><a href="#Footnote_671_671" class="fnanchor">671</a> hand, too, in -every sense, that first brought gold into such high repute: not -a Roman hand, however, for upon that it was the practice to -wear a ring of iron only, and solely as an indication of warlike -prowess.</p> - -<p>As to the usage followed by the Roman kings, it is not easy -to pronounce an opinion: the statue of Romulus in the Capitol -wears no ring, nor does any other statue—not that of L. Brutus -even—with the sole exception of those of Numa and Servius -Tullius. I am surprised at this absence of the ring, in the -case of the Tarquinii more particularly, seeing that they were -originally from Greece,<a id="FNanchor_672_672"></a><a href="#Footnote_672_672" class="fnanchor">672</a> a country from which the use of -gold rings was first introduced; though even at the present -day the people of Lacedæmon are in the habit of wearing rings -made of iron. Tarquinius Priscus, however, it is well known, -was the first who presented his son with the golden bulla,<a id="FNanchor_673_673"></a><a href="#Footnote_673_673" class="fnanchor">673</a> on -the occasion of his slaying an enemy before he had laid aside the -prætexta;<a id="FNanchor_674_674"></a><a href="#Footnote_674_674" class="fnanchor">674</a> from which period the custom of wearing the bulla -has been continued, a distinction confined to the children of -those who have served in the cavalry, those of other persons -simply wearing a leather thong.<a id="FNanchor_675_675"></a><a href="#Footnote_675_675" class="fnanchor">675</a> Such being the case, I am -the more surprised that the statue of this Tarquinius should -be without a ring.</p> - -<p>And yet, with reference to the very name of the ring, I find -that there has been considerable uncertainty. That given to -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_73">73</a></span>it originally by the Greeks is derived from the finger;<a id="FNanchor_676_676"></a><a href="#Footnote_676_676" class="fnanchor">676</a> while -our ancestors styled it “ungulus;”<a id="FNanchor_677_677"></a><a href="#Footnote_677_677" class="fnanchor">677</a> and in later times both -Greeks and Latins have given it the name of “symbolum.”<a id="FNanchor_678_678"></a><a href="#Footnote_678_678" class="fnanchor">678</a> -For a great length of time, it is quite clear, not even the -Roman senators wore rings of gold: for rings were given, and -at the public expense, to those only who were about to proceed -on an embassy to foreign nations, the reason being, I suppose, -because men of highest rank among foreign nations were perceived -to be thus distinguished. Nor was it the practice for -any person to wear these rings, except those who for this reason -had received them at the public expense; and in most instances, -it was without this distinction that the Roman generals -celebrated their public triumphs.<a id="FNanchor_679_679"></a><a href="#Footnote_679_679" class="fnanchor">679</a> For whereas an Etruscan -crown<a id="FNanchor_680_680"></a><a href="#Footnote_680_680" class="fnanchor">680</a> of gold was supported from behind over the head of -the victor, he himself, equally with the slave probably, who -was so supporting the crown, had nothing but a ring of -iron upon his finger.<a id="FNanchor_681_681"></a><a href="#Footnote_681_681" class="fnanchor">681</a> It was in this manner that C. Marius -celebrated his triumph over Jugurtha; and he never assumed<a id="FNanchor_682_682"></a><a href="#Footnote_682_682" class="fnanchor">682</a> -the golden ring, it is said, until the period of his -third consulship.<a id="FNanchor_683_683"></a><a href="#Footnote_683_683" class="fnanchor">683</a> Those, too, who had received golden rings -on the occasion of an embassy, only wore them when in public, -resuming the ring of iron when in their houses. It is in pursuance -of this custom that even at the present day, an iron -ring<a id="FNanchor_684_684"></a><a href="#Footnote_684_684" class="fnanchor">684</a> is sent by way of present to a woman when betrothed, -and that, too, without any stone in it.</p> - -<p>For my own part, I do not find that any rings were used in -the days of the Trojan War; at all events, Homer nowhere -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_74">74</a></span>makes mention of them; for although he speaks of the practice -of sending tablets<a id="FNanchor_685_685"></a><a href="#Footnote_685_685" class="fnanchor">685</a> by way of letter,<a id="FNanchor_686_686"></a><a href="#Footnote_686_686" class="fnanchor">686</a> of clothes and gold and -silver plate being kept laid up in chests,<a id="FNanchor_687_687"></a><a href="#Footnote_687_687" class="fnanchor">687</a> still he gives us to -understand that they were kept secure by the aid of a knot -tied fast, and not under a seal impressed by a ring. He does -not inform us too, that when the chiefs drew lots to ascertain -which one of them should reply to the challenge<a id="FNanchor_688_688"></a><a href="#Footnote_688_688" class="fnanchor">688</a> of the -enemy, they made any use of rings<a id="FNanchor_689_689"></a><a href="#Footnote_689_689" class="fnanchor">689</a> for the purpose; and when -he enumerates the articles that were manufactured at the -forge<a id="FNanchor_690_690"></a><a href="#Footnote_690_690" class="fnanchor">690</a> of the gods, he speaks of this as being the origin<a id="FNanchor_691_691"></a><a href="#Footnote_691_691" class="fnanchor">691</a> of -fibulæ<a id="FNanchor_692_692"></a><a href="#Footnote_692_692" class="fnanchor">692</a> and other articles of female ornament, such as ear-rings -for example, but does not make any mention of rings. -<a id="FNanchor_693_693"></a><a href="#Footnote_693_693" class="fnanchor">693</a> -Whoever it was that first introduced the use of rings, he -did so not without hesitation; for he placed this ornament on -the left hand, the hand which is generally concealed,<a id="FNanchor_694_694"></a><a href="#Footnote_694_694" class="fnanchor">694</a> whereas, -if he had been sure of its being an honourable distinction, it -would have been made more conspicuous upon the right. And if -any one should raise the objection that this would have acted -as an impediment to the right hand, I can only say that the -usage in more recent times fortifies my opinion, and that the -inconvenience of wearing rings on the left hand would have -been still greater, seeing that it is with the left hand that the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_75">75</a></span>shield is held. We find mention made too, in Homer,<a id="FNanchor_695_695"></a><a href="#Footnote_695_695" class="fnanchor">695</a> of men -wearing gold plaited with the hair; and hence it is that I am -at a loss to say whether the practice first originated with -females.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_5"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 5.—THE QUANTITY OF GOLD POSSESSED BY THE ANCIENTS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>At Rome, for a long period of time, the quantity of gold -was but very small. At all events, after the capture of the -City by the Gauls, when peace was about to be purchased, not -more than one thousand pounds’ weight of gold could be collected. -I am by no means unaware of the fact that in the -third<a id="FNanchor_696_696"></a><a href="#Footnote_696_696" class="fnanchor">696</a> consulship of Pompeius there was lost from the throne -of Jupiter Capitolinus two thousand pounds’ weight of gold, -originally placed there by Camillus; a circumstance which has -led most persons to suppose, that two thousand pounds’ weight -was the quantity then collected. But in reality, this excess -of one thousand pounds was contributed from the spoil taken -from the Gauls, amplified as it was by the gold of which they -had stripped the temples, in that part of the City which they -had captured.</p> - -<p>The story of Torquatus,<a id="FNanchor_697_697"></a><a href="#Footnote_697_697" class="fnanchor">697</a> too, is a proof that the Gauls were -in the habit of wearing ornaments of gold when engaged in -combat;<a id="FNanchor_698_698"></a><a href="#Footnote_698_698" class="fnanchor">698</a> from which it would appear that the sum taken -from the Gauls themselves, and the amount of which they had -pillaged the temples, were only equal to the amount of gold -collected for the ransom, and no more; and this is what was -really meant by the response given by the augurs, that Jupiter -Capitolinus had rendered again the ransom twofold.<a id="FNanchor_699_699"></a><a href="#Footnote_699_699" class="fnanchor">699</a> As we -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_76">76</a></span>were just now speaking on the subject of rings, it may be as -well to add, by way of passing remark, that upon the officer<a id="FNanchor_700_700"></a><a href="#Footnote_700_700" class="fnanchor">700</a> -in charge of the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus being arrested, -he broke the stone of his ring between his teeth,<a id="FNanchor_701_701"></a><a href="#Footnote_701_701" class="fnanchor">701</a> and expired -upon the spot, thus putting an end to all possibility of discovering -the perpetrator of the theft.</p> - -<p>It appears, therefore, that in the year of the City 364, when -Rome was captured by the Gauls, there was but two thousand -pounds’ weight of gold, at the very most; and this, too, at a -period when, according to the returns of the census, there were -already one hundred and fifty-two thousand five hundred and -seventy-three free citizens in it. In this same city, too, three -hundred and seven years later, the gold which C. Marius the -younger<a id="FNanchor_702_702"></a><a href="#Footnote_702_702" class="fnanchor">702</a> conveyed to Præsneste from the Temple of the Capitol -when in flames, and all the other shrines, amounted to thirteen -thousand pounds’ weight, such being the sum that figured in the -inscriptions at the triumph of Sylla; on which occasion it was -displayed in the procession, as well as six thousand pounds’ -weight of silver. The same Sylla had, the day before, displayed -in his triumph fifteen thousand pounds’ weight of gold, -and one hundred and fifteen thousand pounds’ weight of silver, -the fruit of all his other victories.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_6"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 6.—THE RIGHT OF WEARING GOLD RINGS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It does not appear that rings were in common use before the -time of Cneius Flavius, the son of Annius. This Flavius was -the first to publish a table<a id="FNanchor_703_703"></a><a href="#Footnote_703_703" class="fnanchor">703</a> of the days for pleading,<a id="FNanchor_704_704"></a><a href="#Footnote_704_704" class="fnanchor">704</a> which -till then the populace had to ascertain each day from a few -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_77">77</a></span>great personages.<a id="FNanchor_705_705"></a><a href="#Footnote_705_705" class="fnanchor">705</a> The son of a freedman only, and secretary -to Appius Cæcus,<a id="FNanchor_706_706"></a><a href="#Footnote_706_706" class="fnanchor">706</a> (at whose request, by dint of natural shrewdness -and continual observation, he had selected these days and -made them public),<a id="FNanchor_707_707"></a><a href="#Footnote_707_707" class="fnanchor">707</a> he obtained such high favour with the -people, that he was created curule ædile; in conjunction with -Quintus Anicius Prænestinus, who a few years before had been -an enemy to Rome,<a id="FNanchor_708_708"></a><a href="#Footnote_708_708" class="fnanchor">708</a> and to the exclusion of C. Pœtilius and -Domitius, whose fathers respectively were of consular rank.<a id="FNanchor_709_709"></a><a href="#Footnote_709_709" class="fnanchor">709</a> -The additional honour was also conferred on Flavius, of making -him tribune of the people at the same time, a thing which occasioned -such a degree of indignation, that, as we find stated in -the more ancient Annals, “the rings<a id="FNanchor_710_710"></a><a href="#Footnote_710_710" class="fnanchor">710</a> were laid aside!”</p> - -<p>Most persons, however, are mistaken in the supposition that -on this occasion the members of the equestrian order did the -same: for it is in consequence of these additional words, “the -phaleræ,<a id="FNanchor_711_711"></a><a href="#Footnote_711_711" class="fnanchor">711</a> too, were laid aside as well,” that the name of the -equestrian order was added. These rings, too, as the Annals -tell us, were laid aside by the nobility, and not<a id="FNanchor_712_712"></a><a href="#Footnote_712_712" class="fnanchor">712</a> by the whole -body of the senate. This event took place in the consulship -of P. Sempronius and P. Sulpicius.<a id="FNanchor_713_713"></a><a href="#Footnote_713_713" class="fnanchor">713</a> Flavius made a vow -that he would consecrate a temple to Concord, if he should -succeed in reconciling the privileged orders with the plebeians: -and as no part of the public funds could be voted for the purpose, -he accordingly built a small shrine of brass<a id="FNanchor_714_714"></a><a href="#Footnote_714_714" class="fnanchor">714</a> in the Græcostasis,<a id="FNanchor_715_715"></a><a href="#Footnote_715_715" class="fnanchor">715</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_78">78</a></span>then situate above the Comitium,<a id="FNanchor_716_716"></a><a href="#Footnote_716_716" class="fnanchor">716</a> with the fines -which had been exacted for usury. Here, too, he had an inscription -engraved upon a tablet of brass, to the effect that the -shrine was dedicated two hundred and three years after the -consecration of the Capitol. Such were the events that happened -four hundred and forty-nine years after the foundation -of the City, this being the earliest period at which we find -any traces of the common use of rings.</p> - -<p>A second occasion, however, that of the Second Punic War, -shows that rings must have been at that period in very general -use; for if such had not been the case, it would have been -impossible for Hannibal to send the three<a id="FNanchor_717_717"></a><a href="#Footnote_717_717" class="fnanchor">717</a> modii of rings, which -we find so much spoken of, to Carthage. It was through a -dispute, too, at an auction about the possession of a ring, that -the feud first commenced between Cæpio<a id="FNanchor_718_718"></a><a href="#Footnote_718_718" class="fnanchor">718</a> and Drusus,<a id="FNanchor_719_719"></a><a href="#Footnote_719_719" class="fnanchor">719</a> a dispute -which gave rise to the Social War,<a id="FNanchor_720_720"></a><a href="#Footnote_720_720" class="fnanchor">720</a> and the public disasters -which thence ensued. Not even in those days, however, -did all the senators possess gold rings, seeing that, in the -memory of our grandsires, many personages who had even -filled the prætorship, wore rings of iron to the end of their -lives; Calpurnius,<a id="FNanchor_721_721"></a><a href="#Footnote_721_721" class="fnanchor">721</a> for example, as Fenestella tells us, and -Manilius, who had been legatus to Caius Marius in the Jugurthine -War. Many historians also state the same of L. -Fufidius, he to whom Scaurus dedicated the history of his -life.</p> - -<p>In the family of the Quintii,<a id="FNanchor_722_722"></a><a href="#Footnote_722_722" class="fnanchor">722</a> it is the usage for no one, not -the females even, ever to wear a ring; and even at the present -day, the greater part of the nations known to us, peoples -who are living under the Roman sway, are not in the habit of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_79">79</a></span>wearing rings. Neither in the countries of the East,<a id="FNanchor_723_723"></a><a href="#Footnote_723_723" class="fnanchor">723</a> nor -in Egypt, is any use made of seals, the people being content -with simple writing only.<a id="FNanchor_724_724"></a><a href="#Footnote_724_724" class="fnanchor">724</a></p> - -<p>In this, as in every other case, luxury has introduced various -fashions, either by adding to rings gems of exquisite brilliancy, -and so loading the fingers with whole revenues, as we shall -have further occasion to mention in our Book on Gems;<a id="FNanchor_725_725"></a><a href="#Footnote_725_725" class="fnanchor">725</a> or -else by engraving them with various devices: so that it is in -one instance the workmanship, in another the material, that -constitutes the real value of the ring. Then again, in the -case of other gems, luxury has deemed it no less than sacrilege -to make a mark<a id="FNanchor_726_726"></a><a href="#Footnote_726_726" class="fnanchor">726</a> even upon them, and has caused them to be set -whole, that no one may suppose that the ring was ever intended -to be employed as a signet. In other instances, luxury has -willed that certain stones, on the side even that is concealed by -the finger, should not<a id="FNanchor_727_727"></a><a href="#Footnote_727_727" class="fnanchor">727</a> be closed in with gold, thus making -gold of less account than thousands of tiny pebbles. On the -other hand again, many persons will admit of no gems being -set in their rings, but impress their seal with the gold<a id="FNanchor_728_728"></a><a href="#Footnote_728_728" class="fnanchor">728</a> itself, -an invention which dates from the reign of Claudius Cæsar. -At the present day, too, the very slaves even, incase their iron -rings with gold (while other articles belonging to them, they -decorate with pure gold),<a id="FNanchor_729_729"></a><a href="#Footnote_729_729" class="fnanchor">729</a> a licence which first originated in -the Isle of Samothrace,<a id="FNanchor_730_730"></a><a href="#Footnote_730_730" class="fnanchor">730</a> as the name given to the invention -clearly shows.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_80">80</a></span></p> - -<p>It was the custom at first to wear rings on a single finger<a id="FNanchor_731_731"></a><a href="#Footnote_731_731" class="fnanchor">731</a> -only, the one, namely, that is next to the little finger; and this -we see the case in the statues of Numa and Servius Tullius. -In later times, it became the practice to put rings on the finger -next to the thumb, even in the case of the statues of the gods; -and more recently, again, it has been the fashion to wear them -upon the little finger<a id="FNanchor_732_732"></a><a href="#Footnote_732_732" class="fnanchor">732</a> as well. Among the peoples of Gallia -and Britannia, the middle finger, it is said, is used for this purpose. -At the present day, however, among us, this is the only -finger that is excepted, all the others being loaded with rings, -smaller rings even being separately adapted for the smaller -joints of the fingers. Some there are who heap several rings -upon the little finger alone; while others, again, wear but one -ring upon this finger, the ring that sets a seal upon the signet-ring -itself, this last being kept carefully shut up as an object -of rarity, too precious to be worn in common use, and only to -be taken from the cabinet<a id="FNanchor_733_733"></a><a href="#Footnote_733_733" class="fnanchor">733</a> as from a sanctuary. And thus is -the wearing of a single ring upon the little finger no more -than an ostentatious advertisement that the owner has property -of a more precious nature under seal at home!</p> - -<p>Some, too, make a parade of the weight of their rings, while -to others it is quite a labour<a id="FNanchor_734_734"></a><a href="#Footnote_734_734" class="fnanchor">734</a> to wear more than one at a time: -some, in their solicitude for the safety of their gems, make the -hoop of gold tinsel, and fill it with a lighter material than gold, -thinking thereby to diminish the risks of a fall.<a id="FNanchor_735_735"></a><a href="#Footnote_735_735" class="fnanchor">735</a> Others, again, -are in the habit of inclosing poisons beneath the stones of -their rings, and so wear them as instruments of death; Demosthenes, -for instance, that greatest of the orators of Greece.<a id="FNanchor_736_736"></a><a href="#Footnote_736_736" class="fnanchor">736</a> -And then, besides, how many of the crimes that are stimulated -by cupidity, are committed through the instrumentality of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_81">81</a></span>rings!<a id="FNanchor_737_737"></a><a href="#Footnote_737_737" class="fnanchor">737</a> How happy the times, how truly innocent, in which -no seal was ever put to anything! At the present day, on the -contrary, our very food even and our drink have to be preserved -from theft<a id="FNanchor_738_738"></a><a href="#Footnote_738_738" class="fnanchor">738</a> through the agency of the ring: a result owing to -those legions of slaves, those throngs of foreigners which are -introduced into our houses, multitudes so numerous that we -require the services of a nomenclator<a id="FNanchor_739_739"></a><a href="#Footnote_739_739" class="fnanchor">739</a> even, to tell us the -names of our own servants. Very different was it in the times -of our forefathers, when each person possessed a single servant -only, one of his master’s own lineage, called Marcipor or -Lucipor,<a id="FNanchor_740_740"></a><a href="#Footnote_740_740" class="fnanchor">740</a> from his master’s name, as the case might be, and -taking all his meals with him in common; when, too, there -was no occasion for taking precautions at home by keeping a -watch upon the domestics. But at the present day, we not -only procure dainties which are sure to be pilfered, but hands -to pilfer them as well; and so far is it from being sufficient to -have the very keys sealed, that the signet-ring is often taken -from off the owner’s finger while he is overpowered with sleep -or lying on his death-bed.<a id="FNanchor_741_741"></a><a href="#Footnote_741_741" class="fnanchor">741</a></p> - -<p>Indeed the most important transactions of life are now made -to depend upon this instrument, though at what period this first -began to be the case, I am at a loss to say. It would appear, -however, so far as foreign nations are concerned, that we may -admit the importance attached to it, from the days of Polycrates,<a id="FNanchor_742_742"></a><a href="#Footnote_742_742" class="fnanchor">742</a> -the tyrant of Samos, whose favourite ring, after being -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_82">82</a></span>thrown in the sea, was recovered from a fish that was caught; -and this Polycrates, we know, was put to death<a id="FNanchor_743_743"></a><a href="#Footnote_743_743" class="fnanchor">743</a> about the -year of our City, 230. The use of the ring must, of necessity, -have become greatly extended with the increase of usury; -one proof of which is, the usage still prevalent among the -lower classes, of whipping off the ring<a id="FNanchor_744_744"></a><a href="#Footnote_744_744" class="fnanchor">744</a> the moment a simple -contract is made; a practice which takes its date, no doubt, -from a period when there was no more expeditious method of -giving an earnest on closing a bargain. We may therefore -very safely conclude, that though money was first introduced -among us, the use of rings was introduced very shortly after. -Of money, I shall shortly have occasion to speak further.<a id="FNanchor_745_745"></a><a href="#Footnote_745_745" class="fnanchor">745</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_7"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 7.—THE DECURIES OF THE JUDGES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Rings, as soon as they began to be commonly worn, distinguished -the second order from the plebeians, in the same -manner as the use of the tunic<a id="FNanchor_746_746"></a><a href="#Footnote_746_746" class="fnanchor">746</a> distinguished the senate from -those who only wore the ring. Still, however, this last distinction -was introduced at a later period only, and we find it -stated by writers that the public heralds<a id="FNanchor_747_747"></a><a href="#Footnote_747_747" class="fnanchor">747</a> even were formerly -in the habit of wearing the tunic with the purple laticlave; -the father of Lucius Ælius Stilo,<a id="FNanchor_748_748"></a><a href="#Footnote_748_748" class="fnanchor">748</a> for instance, from whom -his son received the cognomen of “Præconinus,” in consequence -of his father’s occupation as a herald. But the use of -rings, no doubt, was the distinguishing mark of a third and -intermediate order, between the plebeians and the senators; -and the title of “eques,” originally derived from the possession -of a war-horse,<a id="FNanchor_749_749"></a><a href="#Footnote_749_749" class="fnanchor">749</a> is given at the present day as an indication -of a certain amount of income. This, however, is of -comparatively recent introduction; for when the late Emperor -Augustus made his regulations for the decuries,<a id="FNanchor_750_750"></a><a href="#Footnote_750_750" class="fnanchor">750</a> the greater -part of the members thereof were persons who wore iron rings, -and these bore the name, not of “equites,” but of “judices,” -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_83">83</a></span>the former name being reserved solely for the members of the -squadrons<a id="FNanchor_751_751"></a><a href="#Footnote_751_751" class="fnanchor">751</a> furnished with war-horses at the public charge.</p> - -<p>Of these judices, too, there were at first but four<a id="FNanchor_752_752"></a><a href="#Footnote_752_752" class="fnanchor">752</a> decuries -only, and in each of these decuries there was hardly one thousand -men to be found, the provinces not having been hitherto -admitted to the office; an observance which is still in force at -the present day, no one newly admitted to the rights of citizenship -being allowed to perform the duties of judex as a member -of the decuries.</p> - -<p>(2.) These decuries, too, were themselves distinguished by -several denominations—“tribunes<a id="FNanchor_753_753"></a><a href="#Footnote_753_753" class="fnanchor">753</a> of the treasury,” “selecti,”<a id="FNanchor_754_754"></a><a href="#Footnote_754_754" class="fnanchor">754</a> -and “judices:” in addition to whom, there were the persons -styled the “nine hundred,”<a id="FNanchor_755_755"></a><a href="#Footnote_755_755" class="fnanchor">755</a> chosen from all the decuries for -the purpose of keeping the voting-boxes at the comitia. From -the ambitious adoption, however, of some one of these names, -great divisions ensued in this order, one person styling himself -a member of the nine hundred, another one of the selecti, and -a third a tribune of the treasury.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_8"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 8.—PARTICULARS CONNECTED WITH THE EQUESTRIAN ORDER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>At length, however, in the ninth<a id="FNanchor_756_756"></a><a href="#Footnote_756_756" class="fnanchor">756</a> year of the reign of the -Emperor Tiberius, the equestrian order was united in a single -body; and a decree was passed, establishing to whom belonged -the right of wearing the ring, in the consulship of C. Asinius -Pollio and C. Antistius Vetus, the year from the foundation of the -City, 775. It is a matter for surprise, how almost futile, we -may say, was the cause which led to this change. C. Sulpicius -Galba,<a id="FNanchor_757_757"></a><a href="#Footnote_757_757" class="fnanchor">757</a> desirous in his youth to establish his credit with the -Emperor by hunting<a id="FNanchor_758_758"></a><a href="#Footnote_758_758" class="fnanchor">758</a> out grounds for prosecuting<a id="FNanchor_759_759"></a><a href="#Footnote_759_759" class="fnanchor">759</a> the keepers -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_84">84</a></span>of victualling-houses, made complaint in the senate that the -proprietors of those places were in the habit of protecting -themselves from the consequences of their guilt by their plea -of wearing the golden ring.<a id="FNanchor_760_760"></a><a href="#Footnote_760_760" class="fnanchor">760</a> For this reason, an ordinance -was made that no person whatsoever should have this right of -wearing the ring, unless, freeborn himself as regarded his -father and paternal grandfather, he should be assessed by the -censors at four hundred thousand sesterces, and entitled, under -the Julian Law,<a id="FNanchor_761_761"></a><a href="#Footnote_761_761" class="fnanchor">761</a> to sit in the fourteen tiers of seats at the -theatre. In later times, however, people began to apply in -whole crowds for this mark of rank; and in consequence of -the diversities of opinion which were occasioned thereby, the -Emperor Caius<a id="FNanchor_762_762"></a><a href="#Footnote_762_762" class="fnanchor">762</a> added a fifth decury to the number. Indeed -to such a pitch has conceit now arisen, that whereas, under the -late Emperor Augustus, the decuries could not be completed, -at the present day they will not suffice to receive all the members -of the equestrian order, and we see in every quarter persons -even who have been but just liberated from slavery, making -a leap all at once to the distinction of the golden ring: a thing -that never used to happen in former days, as it was by the -ring of iron that the equites and the judices were then to be -recognized.</p> - -<p>Indeed, so promiscuously was this privilege at last conferred, -that Flavius Proculus, one of the equites, informed against -four hundred persons on this ground, before the Emperor Claudius, -who was then censor:<a id="FNanchor_763_763"></a><a href="#Footnote_763_763" class="fnanchor">763</a> and thus we see, an order, which -was established as a mark of distinction from other private individuals -of free birth, has been shared in common with slaves!</p> - -<p>The Gracchi were the first to attach to this order the separate -appellation of “judices,” their object being at the same moment -a seditious popularity and the humiliation of the senate. After -the fall of these men, in consequence of the varying results of -seditious movements, the name and influence of the equestrian -order were lost, and became merged in those of the publicani,<a id="FNanchor_764_764"></a><a href="#Footnote_764_764" class="fnanchor">764</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_85">85</a></span>who, for some time, were the men that constituted the third -class in the state. At last, however, Marcus Cicero, during -his consulship, and at the period of the Catilinarian troubles, -re-established the equestrian name, it being his vaunt that he -himself had sprung from that order, and he, by certain acts of -popularity peculiar to himself, having conciliated its support. -Since that period, it is very clear that the equites have formed -the third body in the state, and the name of the equestrian order -has been added to the formula—“The Senate and People of -Rome.” Hence<a id="FNanchor_765_765"></a><a href="#Footnote_765_765" class="fnanchor">765</a> it is, too, that at the present day even, the -name of this order is written after that of the people, it being -the one that was the last instituted.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_9"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 9.—HOW OFTEN THE NAME OF THE EQUESTRIAN ORDER -HAS BEEN CHANGED.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Indeed, the name itself of the equites even, has been frequently -changed, and that too, in the case of those who only -owed their name to the fact of their service on horseback. -Under Romulus and the other kings, the equites were known -as “Celeres,”<a id="FNanchor_766_766"></a><a href="#Footnote_766_766" class="fnanchor">766</a> then again as “Flexuntes,”<a id="FNanchor_767_767"></a><a href="#Footnote_767_767" class="fnanchor">767</a> and after that -as “Trossuli,”<a id="FNanchor_768_768"></a><a href="#Footnote_768_768" class="fnanchor">768</a> from the fact of their having taken a certain -town of Etruria, situate nine miles on this side of Volsinii, -without any assistance from the infantry; a name too which -survived till after the death of C. Gracchus.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_86">86</a></span></p> - -<p>At all events, in the writings left by Junius, who, from his -affection for C. Gracchus, took the name of Gracchanus,<a id="FNanchor_769_769"></a><a href="#Footnote_769_769" class="fnanchor">769</a> we -find the following words—“As regards the equestrian order, -its members were formerly called ‘Trossuli,’ but at the -present day they have the name of ‘Equites;’ because it is -not understood what the appellation ‘Trossuli’ really means, -and many feel ashamed at being called by that name.”<a id="FNanchor_770_770"></a><a href="#Footnote_770_770" class="fnanchor">770</a>—He<a id="FNanchor_771_771"></a><a href="#Footnote_771_771" class="fnanchor">771</a> -then goes on to explain the reason, as above mentioned, and -adds that, though much against their will, those persons are -still called “Trossuli.”</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_10"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 10.—GIFTS FOR MILITARY SERVICES, IN GOLD AND SILVER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There are also some other distinctions connected with gold, -the mention of which ought not to be omitted. Our ancestors, -for instance, presented torcs<a id="FNanchor_772_772"></a><a href="#Footnote_772_772" class="fnanchor">772</a> of gold to the auxiliaries and -foreign troops, while to Roman citizens they only granted -silver<a id="FNanchor_773_773"></a><a href="#Footnote_773_773" class="fnanchor">773</a> ones: bracelets<a id="FNanchor_774_774"></a><a href="#Footnote_774_774" class="fnanchor">774</a> too, were given by them to citizens, -but never to foreigners.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_11"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 11.—AT WHAT PERIOD THE FIRST CROWN OF GOLD WAS -PRESENTED.</span></h3></div> - -<p>But, a thing that is more surprising still, crowns<a id="FNanchor_775_775"></a><a href="#Footnote_775_775" class="fnanchor">775</a> of gold -were given to the citizens as well. As to the person who was -first presented with one, so far as I have enquired, I have not -been able to ascertain his name: L. Piso says, however, that -the Dictator<a id="FNanchor_776_776"></a><a href="#Footnote_776_776" class="fnanchor">776</a> A. Posthumius was the first who conferred one: -on taking the camp of the Latins at Lake Regillus,<a id="FNanchor_777_777"></a><a href="#Footnote_777_777" class="fnanchor">777</a> he gave -a crown of gold, made from the spoil, to the soldier whose -valour had mainly contributed to this success. L. Lentulus, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_87">87</a></span>also, when consul,<a id="FNanchor_778_778"></a><a href="#Footnote_778_778" class="fnanchor">778</a> presented one to Servius Cornelius Merenda, -on taking a town of the Samnites; but in his case it was five -pounds in weight. Piso Frugi, too, presented his son with a -golden crown, at his own private expense, making<a id="FNanchor_779_779"></a><a href="#Footnote_779_779" class="fnanchor">779</a> it a specific -legacy in his will.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_12"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 12. (3.)—OTHER USES MADE OF GOLD, BY FEMALES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>To honour the gods at their sacrifices, no greater mark of -honour has been thought of than to gild the horns of the animals -sacrificed—that is, of the larger victims<a id="FNanchor_780_780"></a><a href="#Footnote_780_780" class="fnanchor">780</a> only. But in warfare, -this species of luxury made such rapid advances, that in the -Epistles of M. Brutus from the Plains of Philippi, we find expressions -of indignation at the fibulæ<a id="FNanchor_781_781"></a><a href="#Footnote_781_781" class="fnanchor">781</a> of gold that were worn -by the tribunes. Yes, so it is, by Hercules! and yet you, the -same Brutus, have not said a word about women wearing gold -upon their feet; while we, on the other hand, charge him with -criminality<a id="FNanchor_782_782"></a><a href="#Footnote_782_782" class="fnanchor">782</a> who was the first to confer dignity upon gold by -wearing the ring. Let men even, at the present day, wear gold -upon the arms in form of bracelets—known as “dardania,” -because the practice first originated in Dardania, and called -“viriolæ” in the language of the Celts, “viriæ”<a id="FNanchor_783_783"></a><a href="#Footnote_783_783" class="fnanchor">783</a> in that of -Celtiberia, let women wear gold upon their arms<a id="FNanchor_784_784"></a><a href="#Footnote_784_784" class="fnanchor">784</a> and -all their fingers, their necks, their ears, the tresses of their -hair; let chains of gold run meandering along their sides; -and in the still hours of the night let sachets filled with pearls -hang suspended from the necks of their mistresses, all bedizened -with gold, so that in their very sleep even they may still -retain the consciousness that they are the possessors of such -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_88">88</a></span>gems: but are they to cover their feet<a id="FNanchor_785_785"></a><a href="#Footnote_785_785" class="fnanchor">785</a> as well with gold, and -so, between the stola<a id="FNanchor_786_786"></a><a href="#Footnote_786_786" class="fnanchor">786</a> of the matrons and the garb of the -plebeians, establish an intermediate<a id="FNanchor_787_787"></a><a href="#Footnote_787_787" class="fnanchor">787</a> or equestrian<a id="FNanchor_788_788"></a><a href="#Footnote_788_788" class="fnanchor">788</a> order of -females? Much more becomingly do we accord this distinction -to our pages,<a id="FNanchor_789_789"></a><a href="#Footnote_789_789" class="fnanchor">789</a> and the adorned beauty of these youths has -quite changed the features of our public baths.</p> - -<p>At the present day, too, a fashion has been introduced -among the men even, of wearing effigies upon their fingers -representing Harpocrates<a id="FNanchor_790_790"></a><a href="#Footnote_790_790" class="fnanchor">790</a> and other divinities of Egypt. In -the reign of Claudius, also, there was introduced another -unusual distinction, in the case of those to whom was granted -the right of free admission,<a id="FNanchor_791_791"></a><a href="#Footnote_791_791" class="fnanchor">791</a> that, namely, of wearing the -likeness of the emperor engraved in gold upon a ring: a -circumstance that gave rise to vast numbers of informations, -until the timely elevation of the Emperor Vespasianus rendered -them impossible, by proclaiming that the right of admission to -the emperor belonged equally to all. Let these particulars -suffice on the subject of golden rings and the use of them.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_13"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 13.—COINS OF GOLD. AT WHAT PERIODS COPPER, GOLD, -AND SILVER WERE FIRST IMPRESSED. HOW COPPER WAS USED -BEFORE GOLD AND SILVER WERE COINED. WHAT WAS THE -LARGEST SUM OF MONEY POSSESSED BY ANY ONE AT THE TIME -OF OUR FIRST CENSUS. HOW OFTEN, AND AT WHAT PERIODS, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_89">89</a></span>THE VALUE OF COPPER AND OF COINED MONEY HAS BEEN -CHANGED.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The next<a id="FNanchor_792_792"></a><a href="#Footnote_792_792" class="fnanchor">792</a> crime committed against the welfare of mankind -was on the part of him who was the first to coin a denarius<a id="FNanchor_793_793"></a><a href="#Footnote_793_793" class="fnanchor">793</a> -of gold, a crime the author of which is equally unknown. -The Roman people made no use of impressed silver even before -the period of the defeat<a id="FNanchor_794_794"></a><a href="#Footnote_794_794" class="fnanchor">794</a> of King Pyrrhus. The “as” of copper -weighed exactly one libra; and hence it is that we still use -the terms “libella”<a id="FNanchor_795_795"></a><a href="#Footnote_795_795" class="fnanchor">795</a> and “dupondius.”<a id="FNanchor_796_796"></a><a href="#Footnote_796_796" class="fnanchor">796</a> Hence it is, too, that -fines and penalties are inflicted under the name of “æs grave,”<a id="FNanchor_797_797"></a><a href="#Footnote_797_797" class="fnanchor">797</a> -and that the words still used in keeping accounts are “expensa,”<a id="FNanchor_798_798"></a><a href="#Footnote_798_798" class="fnanchor">798</a> -“impendia,”<a id="FNanchor_799_799"></a><a href="#Footnote_799_799" class="fnanchor">799</a> and “dependere.”<a id="FNanchor_800_800"></a><a href="#Footnote_800_800" class="fnanchor">800</a> Hence, too, the -word “stipendium,” meaning the pay of the soldiers, which is -nothing more than “stipis pondera;<a id="FNanchor_801_801"></a><a href="#Footnote_801_801" class="fnanchor">801</a> and from the same source -those other words, “dispensatores”<a id="FNanchor_802_802"></a><a href="#Footnote_802_802" class="fnanchor">802</a> and “libripendes.”<a id="FNanchor_803_803"></a><a href="#Footnote_803_803" class="fnanchor">803</a> It is -also from this circumstance that in sales of slaves, at the present -day even, the formality of using the balance is introduced.</p> - -<p>King Servius was the first to make an impress upon copper. -Before his time, according to Timæus, at Rome the raw metal -only was used. The form of a sheep was the first figure impressed -upon money, and to this fact it owes its name, -“pecunia.”<a id="FNanchor_804_804"></a><a href="#Footnote_804_804" class="fnanchor">804</a> The highest figure at which one man’s property -was assessed in the reign of that king was one hundred and -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_90">90</a></span>twenty thousand asses, and consequently that amount of property -was considered the standard of the first class.</p> - -<p>Silver was not impressed with a mark until the year of the -City 485, the year of the consulship of Q. Ogulnius and C. -Fabius, five years before the First Punic War; at which time -it was ordained that the value of the denarius should be ten -libræ<a id="FNanchor_805_805"></a><a href="#Footnote_805_805" class="fnanchor">805</a> of copper, that of the quinarius five libræ, and that -of the sestertius two libræ and a half. The weight, however, -of the libra of copper was diminished during the First -Punic War, the republic not having means to meet its expenditure: -in consequence of which, an ordinance was made -that the as should in future be struck of two ounces weight. -By this contrivance a saving of five-sixths was effected, and -the public debt was liquidated. The impression upon these -copper coins was a two-faced Janus on one side, and the beak -of a ship of war on the other: the triens,<a id="FNanchor_806_806"></a><a href="#Footnote_806_806" class="fnanchor">806</a> however, and the -quadrans,<a id="FNanchor_807_807"></a><a href="#Footnote_807_807" class="fnanchor">807</a> bore the impression of a ship. The quadrans, too, -had, previously to this, been called “teruncius,” as being three -unciæ<a id="FNanchor_808_808"></a><a href="#Footnote_808_808" class="fnanchor">808</a> in weight. At a later period again, when Hannibal -was pressing hard upon Rome, in the dictatorship of Q. Fabius -Maximus, asses of one ounce weight were struck, and it was -ordained that the value of the denarius should be sixteen asses, -that of the quinarius eight asses, and that of the sestertius -four asses; by which last reduction of the weight of the as -the republic made a clear gain of one half. Still, however, -so far as the pay of the soldiers is concerned, one denarius has -always been given for every ten asses. The impressions upon -the coins of silver were two-horse and four-horse chariots, -and hence it is that they received the names of “bigati” and -“quadrigati.”</p> - -<p>Shortly after, in accordance with the Law of Papirius, asses -were coined weighing half an ounce only. Livius Drusus, -when<a id="FNanchor_809_809"></a><a href="#Footnote_809_809" class="fnanchor">809</a> tribune of the people, alloyed the silver with one-eighth -part of copper. The coin that is known at the present day -as the “victoriatus,”<a id="FNanchor_810_810"></a><a href="#Footnote_810_810" class="fnanchor">810</a> was first struck in accordance with the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_91">91</a></span>Clodian Law: before which period, a coin of this name was -imported from Illyricum, but was only looked upon as an article -of merchandize. The impression upon it is a figure of Victory, -and hence its name.</p> - -<p>The first golden coin was struck sixty-two years after that -of silver, the scruple of gold being valued at twenty sesterces; a -computation which gave, according to the value of the sesterce -then in use, nine hundred sesterces to each libra of gold.<a id="FNanchor_811_811"></a><a href="#Footnote_811_811" class="fnanchor">811</a> -In later times, again, an ordinance was made, that denarii of -gold should be struck, at the rate of forty denarii<a id="FNanchor_812_812"></a><a href="#Footnote_812_812" class="fnanchor">812</a> to each -libra of gold; after which period, the emperors gradually -curtailed the weight of the golden denarius, until at last, in -the reign of Nero, it was coined at the rate of forty-five to -the libra.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_14"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 14.—CONSIDERATIONS ON MAN’S CUPIDITY FOR GOLD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>But the invention of money opened a new field to human -avarice, by giving rise to usury and the practice of lending -money at interest, while the owner passes a life of idleness: -and it was with no slow advances that, not mere avarice only, -but a perfect hunger<a id="FNanchor_813_813"></a><a href="#Footnote_813_813" class="fnanchor">813</a> for gold became inflamed with a sort of -rage for acquiring: to such a degree, in fact, that Septimuleius, -the familiar friend of Caius Gracchus, not only cut off his -head, upon which a price had been set of its weight in gold, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_92">92</a></span>but, before<a id="FNanchor_814_814"></a><a href="#Footnote_814_814" class="fnanchor">814</a> bringing it to Opimius,<a id="FNanchor_815_815"></a><a href="#Footnote_815_815" class="fnanchor">815</a> poured molten lead into -the mouth, and so not only was guilty of the crime of parricide, -but added to his criminality by cheating the state. Nor -was it now any individual citizen, but the universal Roman -name, that had been rendered infamous by avarice, when King -Mithridates caused molten gold to be poured into the mouth -of Aquilius<a id="FNanchor_816_816"></a><a href="#Footnote_816_816" class="fnanchor">816</a> the Roman general, whom he had taken prisoner: -such were the results of cupidity.</p> - -<p>One cannot but feel ashamed, on looking at those new-fangled -names which are invented every now and then, from the -Greek language, by which to designate vessels of silver filagreed<a id="FNanchor_817_817"></a><a href="#Footnote_817_817" class="fnanchor">817</a> -or inlaid with gold, and the various other practices by -which such articles of luxury, when only gilded,<a id="FNanchor_818_818"></a><a href="#Footnote_818_818" class="fnanchor">818</a> are made to -sell at a higher price than they would have done if made of -solid gold: and this, too, when we know that Spartacus<a id="FNanchor_819_819"></a><a href="#Footnote_819_819" class="fnanchor">819</a> forbade -any one of his followers to introduce either gold or silver into -the camp—so much more nobleness of mind was there in those -days, even in our runaway slaves.</p> - -<p>The orator Messala has informed us that Antonius the triumvir -made use of golden vessels when satisfying the most humiliating -wants of nature, a piece of criminality that would have -reflected disgrace upon Cleopatra even! Till then, the most -consummate instances of a similar licentiousness had been found -among strangers only—that of King Philip, namely, who was in -the habit of sleeping with a golden goblet placed beneath his pillows, -and that of Hagnon of Teos, a commander under Alexander -the Great, who used to fasten the soles of his sandals -with nails of gold.<a id="FNanchor_820_820"></a><a href="#Footnote_820_820" class="fnanchor">820</a> It was reserved for Antonius to be the -only one thus to impart a certain utility to gold, by putting an -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_93">93</a></span>insult upon Nature. Oh how righteously would he himself -have been proscribed! but then the proscription should have -been made by Spartacus.<a id="FNanchor_821_821"></a><a href="#Footnote_821_821" class="fnanchor">821</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_15"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 15.—THE PERSONS WHO HAVE POSSESSED THE GREATEST -QUANTITY OF GOLD AND SILVER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>For my own part, I am much surprised that the Roman people -has always imposed upon conquered nations a tribute in -silver, and not in gold; Carthage, for instance, from which, -upon its conquest under Hannibal, a ransom was exacted in -the shape of a yearly<a id="FNanchor_822_822"></a><a href="#Footnote_822_822" class="fnanchor">822</a> payment, for fifty years, of eight hundred -thousand pounds’ weight of silver, but no gold. And yet -it does not appear that this could have arisen from there being -so little gold then in use throughout the world. Midas and -Crœsus, before this, had possessed gold to an endless amount: -Cyrus, already, on his conquest of Asia,<a id="FNanchor_823_823"></a><a href="#Footnote_823_823" class="fnanchor">823</a> had found a booty -consisting of twenty-four thousand pounds’ weight of gold, -in addition to vessels and other articles of wrought gold, as -well as leaves<a id="FNanchor_824_824"></a><a href="#Footnote_824_824" class="fnanchor">824</a> of trees, a plane-tree, and a vine, all made of -that metal.</p> - -<p>It was through this conquest too, that he carried off five -hundred thousand<a id="FNanchor_825_825"></a><a href="#Footnote_825_825" class="fnanchor">825</a> talents of silver, as well as the vase of -Semiramis,<a id="FNanchor_826_826"></a><a href="#Footnote_826_826" class="fnanchor">826</a> the weight of which alone amounted to fifteen -talents, the Egyptian talent being equal, according to Varro, -to eighty of our pounds. Before this time too, Saulaces, the -descendant of Æëtes, had reigned in Colchis,<a id="FNanchor_827_827"></a><a href="#Footnote_827_827" class="fnanchor">827</a> who, on finding -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_94">94</a></span>a tract of virgin earth, in the country of the Suani,<a id="FNanchor_828_828"></a><a href="#Footnote_828_828" class="fnanchor">828</a> extracted -from it a large amount of gold and silver, it is said, and whose -kingdom besides, had been famed for the possession of the -Golden Fleece. The golden arches, too, of his palace, we find -spoken of, the silver supports and columns, and pilasters, all -of which he had come into possession of on the conquest of -Sesostris,<a id="FNanchor_829_829"></a><a href="#Footnote_829_829" class="fnanchor">829</a> king of Egypt; a monarch so haughty, that every -year, it is said, it was his practice to select one of his vassal -kings by lot, and yoking him to his car, celebrate his triumph -afresh.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_16"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 16.—AT WHAT PERIOD SILVER FIRST MADE ITS APPEARANCE -UPON THE ARENA AND UPON THE STAGE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We, too, have done things that posterity may probably look -upon as fabulous. Cæsar, who was afterwards dictator, but -at that time ædile, was the first person, on the occasion of the -funeral games in honour of his father, to employ all the apparatus -of the arena<a id="FNanchor_830_830"></a><a href="#Footnote_830_830" class="fnanchor">830</a> in silver; and it was on the same occasion -that for the first time criminals encountered wild beasts -with implements of silver, a practice imitated at the present -day in our municipal towns even.</p> - -<p>At the games celebrated by C. Antonius the stage was made -of<a id="FNanchor_831_831"></a><a href="#Footnote_831_831" class="fnanchor">831</a> silver; and the same was the case at those celebrated -by L. Muræna. The Emperor Caius had a scaffold<a id="FNanchor_832_832"></a><a href="#Footnote_832_832" class="fnanchor">832</a> introduced -into the Circus, upon which there were one hundred and -twenty-four thousand pounds’ weight of silver. His successor -Claudius, on the occasion of his triumph over Britain, announced -by the inscriptions that among the coronets of gold, -there was one weighing seven thousand<a id="FNanchor_833_833"></a><a href="#Footnote_833_833" class="fnanchor">833</a> pounds’ weight, contributed -by Nearer Spain, and another of nine thousand pounds, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_95">95</a></span>presented by Gallia Comata.<a id="FNanchor_834_834"></a><a href="#Footnote_834_834" class="fnanchor">834</a> Nero, who succeeded him, covered -the Theatre of Pompeius with gold for one day,<a id="FNanchor_835_835"></a><a href="#Footnote_835_835" class="fnanchor">835</a> the occasion on -which he displayed it to Tiridates, king of Armenia. And -yet how small was this theatre in comparison with that Golden -Palace<a id="FNanchor_836_836"></a><a href="#Footnote_836_836" class="fnanchor">836</a> of his, with which he environed our city.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_17"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 17.—AT WHAT PERIODS THERE WAS THE GREATEST QUANTITY -OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THE TREASURY OF THE ROMAN -PEOPLE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the consulship of Sextus Julius and Lucius Aurelius,<a id="FNanchor_837_837"></a><a href="#Footnote_837_837" class="fnanchor">837</a> -seven years before the commencement of the Third Punic War, -there was in the treasury of the Roman people seventeen thousand -four hundred and ten pounds’ weight of uncoined gold, -twenty-two thousand and seventy pounds’ weight of silver, and -in specie, six million one hundred and thirty-five thousand -four hundred sesterces.</p> - -<p>In the consulship of Sextus Julius and Lucius Marcius, -that is to say, at the commencement of the Social War,<a id="FNanchor_838_838"></a><a href="#Footnote_838_838" class="fnanchor">838</a> there -was in the public treasury one million<a id="FNanchor_839_839"></a><a href="#Footnote_839_839" class="fnanchor">839</a> six hundred and twenty -thousand eight hundred and thirty-one pounds’ weight of gold. -Caius Cæsar, at his first entry into Rome, during the civil -war which bears his name, withdrew from the treasury fifteen -thousand pounds’ weight in gold ingots, thirty thousand pounds’ -weight in uncoined silver, and in specie, three hundred thousand -sesterces: indeed, at no<a id="FNanchor_840_840"></a><a href="#Footnote_840_840" class="fnanchor">840</a> period was the republic more -wealthy. Æmilius Paulus, too, after the defeat of King Perseus, -paid into the public treasury, from the spoil obtained in -Macedonia, three hundred millions<a id="FNanchor_841_841"></a><a href="#Footnote_841_841" class="fnanchor">841</a> of sesterces, and from this -period the Roman people ceased to pay tribute.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_18"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 18.—AT WHAT PERIOD CEILINGS WERE FIRST GILDED.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The ceilings which, at the present day, in private houses -even, we see covered with gold, were first gilded in the Capitol, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_96">96</a></span>after the destruction of Carthage, and during the censorship -of Lucius Mummius.<a id="FNanchor_842_842"></a><a href="#Footnote_842_842" class="fnanchor">842</a> From the ceilings this luxuriousness -has been since transferred to the arched roofs of buildings, -and the party-walls even, which at the present day are gilded -like so many articles of plate: very different from the times -when Catulus<a id="FNanchor_843_843"></a><a href="#Footnote_843_843" class="fnanchor">843</a> was far from being unanimously approved of for -having gilded the brazen tiles of the Capitol!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_19"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 19.—FOR WHAT REASONS THE HIGHEST VALUE IS SET -UPON GOLD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We have already stated, in the Seventh<a id="FNanchor_844_844"></a><a href="#Footnote_844_844" class="fnanchor">844</a> Book, who were the -first discoverers of gold, as well as nearly all the other metals. -The highest rank has been accorded to this substance, not, in -my opinion, for its colour, (which in silver is clearer<a id="FNanchor_845_845"></a><a href="#Footnote_845_845" class="fnanchor">845</a> and more -like the light of day, for which reason silver is preferred for -our military ensigns, its brightness being seen at a greater distance); -and those persons are manifestly in error who think -that it is the resemblance of its colour to the stars<a id="FNanchor_846_846"></a><a href="#Footnote_846_846" class="fnanchor">846</a> that is -so prized in gold, seeing that the various gems<a id="FNanchor_847_847"></a><a href="#Footnote_847_847" class="fnanchor">847</a> and other -things of the same tint, are in no such particular request. -Nor yet is it for its weight or malleability<a id="FNanchor_848_848"></a><a href="#Footnote_848_848" class="fnanchor">848</a> that gold has been -preferred to other metals, it being inferior in both these respects -to lead—but it is because gold is the only<a id="FNanchor_849_849"></a><a href="#Footnote_849_849" class="fnanchor">849</a> substance in -nature that suffers<a id="FNanchor_850_850"></a><a href="#Footnote_850_850" class="fnanchor">850</a> no loss from the action of fire, and passes -unscathed through conflagrations and the flames of the funeral -pile. Nay, even more than this, the oftener gold is subjected -to the action of fire, the more refined in quality it becomes; -indeed, fire is one test of its goodness, as, when submitted -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_97">97</a></span>to intense heat, gold ought to assume a similar colour, -and turn red and igneous in appearance; a mode of testing -which is known as “obrussa.”<a id="FNanchor_851_851"></a><a href="#Footnote_851_851" class="fnanchor">851</a></p> - -<p>The first great proof, however, of the goodness of gold, is -its melting with the greatest difficulty; in addition to which, -it is a fact truly marvellous, that though proof against the most -intense fire, if made with wood charcoal, it will melt with the -greatest readiness upon a fire made with chaff;<a id="FNanchor_852_852"></a><a href="#Footnote_852_852" class="fnanchor">852</a> and that, for -the purpose of purifying it, it is fused with lead.<a id="FNanchor_853_853"></a><a href="#Footnote_853_853" class="fnanchor">853</a> There is -another reason too, which still more tends to enhance its value, -the fact that it wears the least of all metals by continual use: -whereas with silver, copper, and lead, lines may be traced,<a id="FNanchor_854_854"></a><a href="#Footnote_854_854" class="fnanchor">854</a> and -the hands become soiled with the substance that comes from off -them. Nor is there any material more malleable than this, -none that admits of a more extended division, seeing that a -single ounce of it admits of being beaten out into seven hundred -and fifty<a id="FNanchor_855_855"></a><a href="#Footnote_855_855" class="fnanchor">855</a> leaves, or more, four fingers in length by the -same in breadth. The thickest kind of gold-leaf is known as -“leaf of Præneste,” it still retaining that name from the -excellence of the gilding upon the statue of Fortune<a id="FNanchor_856_856"></a><a href="#Footnote_856_856" class="fnanchor">856</a> there. -The next in thickness is known as the “quæstorian leaf.” In -Spain, small pieces of gold are known by the name of “striges.”<a id="FNanchor_857_857"></a><a href="#Footnote_857_857" class="fnanchor">857</a></p> - -<p>A thing that is not the case with any other metal, gold is -found pure in masses<a id="FNanchor_858_858"></a><a href="#Footnote_858_858" class="fnanchor">858</a> or in the form of dust;<a id="FNanchor_859_859"></a><a href="#Footnote_859_859" class="fnanchor">859</a> and whereas -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_98">98</a></span>all other metals, when found in the ore, require to be brought -to perfection by the aid of fire, this gold that I am speaking of -is gold the moment it is found, and has all its component parts -already in a state of perfection. This, however, is only such -gold as is found in the native state, the other kinds that we -shall have to speak of, being refined by art. And then, more -than anything else, gold is subject to no rust, no verdigris,<a id="FNanchor_860_860"></a><a href="#Footnote_860_860" class="fnanchor">860</a> -no emanation whatever from it, either to alter its quality or -to lessen its weight. In addition to this, gold steadily resists -the corrosive action of salt and vinegar,<a id="FNanchor_861_861"></a><a href="#Footnote_861_861" class="fnanchor">861</a> things which obtain -the mastery over all other substances: it admits, too, beyond -all other metals, of being spun out and woven<a id="FNanchor_862_862"></a><a href="#Footnote_862_862" class="fnanchor">862</a> like wool.<a id="FNanchor_863_863"></a><a href="#Footnote_863_863" class="fnanchor">863</a> Verrius -tells us that Tarquinius Priscus celebrated a triumph, clad -in a tunic of gold; and I myself have seen Agrippina, the wife -of the Emperor Claudius, on the occasion of a naval combat -which he exhibited, seated by him, attired in a military scarf<a id="FNanchor_864_864"></a><a href="#Footnote_864_864" class="fnanchor">864</a> -made entirely of woven gold without any other material. For -this long time past, gold has been interwoven in the Attalic<a id="FNanchor_865_865"></a><a href="#Footnote_865_865" class="fnanchor">865</a> -textures, an invention of the kings of Asia.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_20"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 20.—THE METHOD OF GILDING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>On marble and other substances which do not admit of being -brought to a white heat, gilt is laid with glair of egg, and on -wood by the aid of a glutinous composition,<a id="FNanchor_866_866"></a><a href="#Footnote_866_866" class="fnanchor">866</a> known as “leucophoron:” -what this last is, and how it is prepared, we shall -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_99">99</a></span>state on the appropriate occasion.<a id="FNanchor_867_867"></a><a href="#Footnote_867_867" class="fnanchor">867</a> The most convenient method -for gilding copper would be to employ quicksilver, or, at -all events, hydrargyros;<a id="FNanchor_868_868"></a><a href="#Footnote_868_868" class="fnanchor">868</a> but with reference to these substances, -as we shall have occasion to say when describing the nature<a id="FNanchor_869_869"></a><a href="#Footnote_869_869" class="fnanchor">869</a> of -them, methods of adulteration have been devised. To effect this -mode of gilding, the copper is first well hammered, after which -it is subjected to the action of fire, and then cooled with a -mixture of salt, vinegar, and alum.<a id="FNanchor_870_870"></a><a href="#Footnote_870_870" class="fnanchor">870</a> It is then cleansed of all -extraneous substances, it being known by its brightness when -it has been sufficiently purified. This done, it is again -heated by fire, in order to enable it, when thus prepared, with -the aid of an amalgam of pumice, alum, and quicksilver, to -receive the gold leaf when applied. Alum has the same property -of purifying copper, that we have already<a id="FNanchor_871_871"></a><a href="#Footnote_871_871" class="fnanchor">871</a> mentioned -us belonging to lead with reference to gold.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_21"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 21. (4.)—HOW GOLD IS FOUND.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Gold is found in our own part of the world; not to mention -the gold extracted from the earth in India by the ants,<a id="FNanchor_872_872"></a><a href="#Footnote_872_872" class="fnanchor">872</a> and -in Scythia by the Griffins.<a id="FNanchor_873_873"></a><a href="#Footnote_873_873" class="fnanchor">873</a> Among us it is procured in -three different ways; the first of which is, in the shape of -dust, found in running streams, the Tagus<a id="FNanchor_874_874"></a><a href="#Footnote_874_874" class="fnanchor">874</a> in Spain, for instance, -the Padus in Italy, the Hebrus in Thracia, the Pactolus in -Asia, and the Ganges in India; indeed, there is no gold found -in a more perfect state than this, thoroughly polished as it is -by the continual attrition of the current.</p> - -<p>A second mode of obtaining gold is by sinking shafts or seeking -it among the debris of mountains; both of which methods -it will be as well to describe. The persons in search of gold -in the first place remove the “segutilum,”<a id="FNanchor_875_875"></a><a href="#Footnote_875_875" class="fnanchor">875</a> such being the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_100">100</a></span>name of the earth which gives indication of the presence of -gold. This done, a bed is made, the sand of which is washed, -and, according to the residue found after washing, a conjecture -is formed as to the richness of the vein. Sometimes, indeed, -gold is found at once in the surface earth, a success, however, -but rarely experienced. Recently, for instance, in the reign of -Nero, a vein was discovered in Dalmatia, which yielded daily -as much as fifty pounds’ weight of gold. The gold that is -thus found in the surface crust is known as “talutium,”<a id="FNanchor_876_876"></a><a href="#Footnote_876_876" class="fnanchor">876</a> in -cases where there is auriferous earth beneath. The mountains -of Spain,<a id="FNanchor_877_877"></a><a href="#Footnote_877_877" class="fnanchor">877</a> in other respects arid and sterile, and productive of -nothing whatever, are thus constrained by man to be fertile, -in supplying him with this precious commodity.</p> - -<p>The gold that is extracted from shafts is known by some -persons as “canalicium,” and by others as “canaliense;”<a id="FNanchor_878_878"></a><a href="#Footnote_878_878" class="fnanchor">878</a> it -is found adhering to the gritty crust of marble,<a id="FNanchor_879_879"></a><a href="#Footnote_879_879" class="fnanchor">879</a> and, altogether -different from the form in which it sparkles in the sapphirus<a id="FNanchor_880_880"></a><a href="#Footnote_880_880" class="fnanchor">880</a> -of the East, and in the stone of Thebais<a id="FNanchor_881_881"></a><a href="#Footnote_881_881" class="fnanchor">881</a> and other gems, it -is seen interlaced with the molecules of the marble. The -channels of these veins are found running in various directions -along the sides of the shafts, and hence the name of the gold -they yield—“canalicium.”<a id="FNanchor_882_882"></a><a href="#Footnote_882_882" class="fnanchor">882</a> In these shafts, too, the superincumbent -earth is kept from falling in by means of wooden -pillars. The substance that is extracted is first broken up, -and then washed; after which it is subjected to the action of -fire, and ground to a fine powder. This powder is known as -“apitascudes,” while the silver which becomes disengaged in -the furnace<a id="FNanchor_883_883"></a><a href="#Footnote_883_883" class="fnanchor">883</a> has the name of “sudor”<a id="FNanchor_884_884"></a><a href="#Footnote_884_884" class="fnanchor">884</a> given to it. The impurities -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_101">101</a></span>that escape by the chimney, as in the case of all -other metals, are known by the name of “scoria.” In the -case of gold, this scoria is broken up a second time, and melted -over again. The crucibles used for this purpose are made of -“tasconium,”<a id="FNanchor_885_885"></a><a href="#Footnote_885_885" class="fnanchor">885</a> a white earth similar to potter’s clay in appearance; -there being no other substance capable of withstanding -the strong current of air, the action of the fire, and -the intense heat of the melted metal.</p> - -<p>The third method of obtaining gold surpasses the labours -of the Giants<a id="FNanchor_886_886"></a><a href="#Footnote_886_886" class="fnanchor">886</a> even: by the aid of galleries driven to a long -distance, mountains are excavated by the light of torches, the -duration of which forms the set times for work, the workmen -never seeing the light of day for many months together. -These mines are known as “arrugiæ;”<a id="FNanchor_887_887"></a><a href="#Footnote_887_887" class="fnanchor">887</a> and not unfrequently -clefts are formed on a sudden, the earth sinks in, and the workmen -are crushed beneath; so that it would really appear less rash -to go in search of pearls and purples at the bottom of the sea, -so much more dangerous to ourselves have we made the earth -than the water! Hence it is, that in this kind of mining, -arches are left at frequent intervals for the purpose of supporting -the weight of the mountain above. In mining either -by shaft or by gallery, barriers of silex are met with, which -have to be driven asunder by the aid of fire and vinegar;<a id="FNanchor_888_888"></a><a href="#Footnote_888_888" class="fnanchor">888</a> or -more frequently, as this method fills the galleries with suffocating -vapours and smoke, to be broken to pieces with bruising-machines -shod with pieces of iron weighing one hundred and -fifty pounds: which done, the fragments are carried out on the -workmen’s shoulders, night and day, each man passing them -on to his neighbour in the dark, it being only those at the pit’s -mouth that ever see the light. In cases where the bed of silex -appears too thick to admit of being penetrated, the miner traces -along the sides of it, and so turns it. And yet, after all, the labour -entailed by this silex is looked upon as comparatively easy, there -being an earth—a kind of potter’s clay mixed with gravel, -“gangadia” by name, which it is almost impossible to overcome. -This earth has to be attacked with iron wedges and hammers -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_102">102</a></span>like those previously mentioned,<a id="FNanchor_889_889"></a><a href="#Footnote_889_889" class="fnanchor">889</a> and it is generally considered -that there is nothing more stubborn in existence—except indeed -the greed for gold, which is the most stubborn of all things.</p> - -<p>When these operations are all completed, beginning at the -last, they cut away<a id="FNanchor_890_890"></a><a href="#Footnote_890_890" class="fnanchor">890</a> the wooden pillars at the point where -they support the roof: the coming downfall gives warning, -which is instantly perceived by the sentinel, and by him only, -who is set to watch upon a peak of the same mountain. By -voice as well as by signals, he orders the workmen to be immediately -summoned from their labours, and at the same -moment takes to flight himself. The mountain, rent to pieces, -is cleft asunder, hurling its debris to a distance with a crash -which it is impossible for the human imagination to conceive; -and from the midst of a cloud of dust, of a density quite incredible, -the victorious miners gaze upon this downfall of -Nature. Nor yet even then are they sure of gold, nor indeed -were they by any means certain that there was any to be -found when they first began to excavate, it being quite sufficient, -as an inducement to undergo such perils and to incur -such vast expense, to entertain the hope that they shall obtain -what they so eagerly desire.</p> - -<p>Another labour, too, quite equal to this, and one which entails -even greater expense, is that of bringing rivers<a id="FNanchor_891_891"></a><a href="#Footnote_891_891" class="fnanchor">891</a> from -the more elevated mountain heights, a distance in many instances -of one hundred miles perhaps, for the purpose of -washing these debris. The channels thus formed are called -“corrugi,” from our word “corrivatio,”<a id="FNanchor_892_892"></a><a href="#Footnote_892_892" class="fnanchor">892</a> I suppose; and even -when these are once made, they entail a thousand fresh labours. -The fall, for instance, must be steep, that the water may be -precipitated, so to say, rather than flow; and it is in this -manner that it is brought from the most elevated points. -Then, too, vallies and crevasses have to be united by the aid of -aqueducts, and in another place impassable rocks have to be -hewn away, and forced to make room for hollowed troughs of -wood; the person hewing them hanging suspended all the -time with ropes, so that to a spectator who views the operations -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_103">103</a></span>from a distance, the workmen have all the appearance, not so -much of wild beasts, as of birds upon the wing.<a id="FNanchor_893_893"></a><a href="#Footnote_893_893" class="fnanchor">893</a> Hanging -thus suspended in most instances, they take the levels, and -trace with lines the course the water is to take; and thus, -where there is no room even for man to plant a footstep, are -rivers traced out by the hand of man. The water, too, is considered -in an unfit state for washing, if the current of the -river carries any mud along with it. The kind of earth that -yields this mud is known as “urium;”<a id="FNanchor_894_894"></a><a href="#Footnote_894_894" class="fnanchor">894</a> and hence it is that -in tracing out these channels, they carry the water over beds -of silex or pebbles, and carefully avoid this urium. When -they have reached the head of the fall, at the very brow of the -mountain, reservoirs are hollowed out, a couple of hundred -feet in length and breadth, and some ten feet in depth. In -these reservoirs there are generally five sluices left, about -three feet square; so that, the moment the reservoir is filled, the -floodgates are struck away, and the torrent bursts forth with -such a degree of violence as to roll onwards any fragments of -rock which may obstruct its passage.</p> - -<p>When they have reached the level ground, too, there is -still another labour that awaits them. Trenches—known as -“agogæ”<a id="FNanchor_895_895"></a><a href="#Footnote_895_895" class="fnanchor">895</a>—have to be dug for the passage of the water; and -these, at regular intervals, have a layer of ulex placed at the -bottom. This ulex<a id="FNanchor_896_896"></a><a href="#Footnote_896_896" class="fnanchor">896</a> is a plant like rosemary in appearance, -rough and prickly, and well-adapted for arresting any pieces -of gold that may be carried along. The sides, too, are closed -in with planks, and are supported by arches when carried over -steep and precipitous spots. The earth, carried onwards in -the stream, arrives at the sea at last, and thus is the shattered -mountain washed away; causes which have greatly tended to -extend the shores of Spain by these encroachments upon the -deep. It is also by the agency of canals of this description -that the material, excavated at the cost of such immense labour -by the process previously described,<a id="FNanchor_897_897"></a><a href="#Footnote_897_897" class="fnanchor">897</a> is washed and carried -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_104">104</a></span>away; for otherwise the shafts would soon be choked up -by it.</p> - -<p>The gold found by excavating with galleries does not require -to be melted, but is pure gold at once. In these excavations, -too, it is found in lumps, as also in the shafts which are sunk, -sometimes exceeding ten pounds even. The names given to -these lumps are “palagæ,” and “palacurnæ,”<a id="FNanchor_898_898"></a><a href="#Footnote_898_898" class="fnanchor">898</a> while the gold -found in small grains is known as “baluce.” The ulex that -is used for the above purpose is dried and burnt, after which -the ashes of it are washed upon a bed of grassy turf, in order -that the gold may be deposited thereupon.</p> - -<p>Asturia, Gallæcia, and Lusitania furnish in this manner, -yearly, according to some authorities, twenty thousand pounds’ -weight of gold, the produce of Asturia forming the major part. -Indeed, there is no part of the world that for centuries has -maintained such a continuous fertility in gold. I have already<a id="FNanchor_899_899"></a><a href="#Footnote_899_899" class="fnanchor">899</a> -mentioned that by an ancient decree of the senate, the soil of -Italy has been protected from these researches; otherwise, -there would be no land more fertile in metals. There is extant -also a censorial law relative to the gold mines of Victumulæ, -in the territory of Vercellæ,<a id="FNanchor_900_900"></a><a href="#Footnote_900_900" class="fnanchor">900</a> by which the farmers of the -revenue were forbidden to employ more than five thousand -men at the works.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_22"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 22.—ORPIMENT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is also one other method of procuring gold; by making -it from orpiment,<a id="FNanchor_901_901"></a><a href="#Footnote_901_901" class="fnanchor">901</a> a mineral dug from the surface of the earth -in Syria, and much used by painters. It is just the colour of -gold, but brittle, like mirror-stone,<a id="FNanchor_902_902"></a><a href="#Footnote_902_902" class="fnanchor">902</a> in fact. This substance -greatly excited the hopes of the Emperor Caius,<a id="FNanchor_903_903"></a><a href="#Footnote_903_903" class="fnanchor">903</a> a prince who -was most greedy for gold. He accordingly had a large quantity -of it melted, and really did obtain some excellent gold;<a id="FNanchor_904_904"></a><a href="#Footnote_904_904" class="fnanchor">904</a> but -then the proportion was so extremely small, that he found himself -a loser thereby. Such was the result of an experiment -prompted solely by avarice: and this too, although the price -of <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_105">105</a></span>the orpiment itself was no more than four denarii per pound. -Since his time, the experiment has never been repeated.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_23"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 23.—ELECTRUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In all<a id="FNanchor_905_905"></a><a href="#Footnote_905_905" class="fnanchor">905</a> gold ore there is some silver, in varying proportions; -a tenth part in some instances, an eighth in others. In one -mine, and that only, the one known as the mine of Albucrara, -in Gallæcia,<a id="FNanchor_906_906"></a><a href="#Footnote_906_906" class="fnanchor">906</a> the proportion of silver is but one thirty-sixth: -hence it is that the ore of this mine is so much more valuable -than that of others. Whenever the proportion of silver is one-fifth, -the ore is known also by the name of “electrum;”<a id="FNanchor_907_907"></a><a href="#Footnote_907_907" class="fnanchor">907</a> grains, -too, of this metal are often found in the gold known as “canaliense.”<a id="FNanchor_908_908"></a><a href="#Footnote_908_908" class="fnanchor">908</a> -An artificial<a id="FNanchor_909_909"></a><a href="#Footnote_909_909" class="fnanchor">909</a> electrum, too, is made, by mixing -silver with gold. If the proportion of silver exceeds one-fifth, -the metal offers no resistance on the anvil.</p> - -<p>Electrum, too, was highly esteemed in ancient times, as we -learn from the testimony of Homer, who represents<a id="FNanchor_910_910"></a><a href="#Footnote_910_910" class="fnanchor">910</a> the palace -of Menelaüs as refulgent with gold and electrum, silver and -ivory. At Lindos, in the island of Rhodes, there is a temple -dedicated to Minerva, in which there is a goblet of electrum, -consecrated by Helena: history states also that it was moulded -after the proportions of her bosom. One peculiar advantage -of electrum is, its superior brilliancy to silver by lamp-light. -Native electrum has also the property of detecting poisons; -for in such case, semicircles, resembling the rainbow in appearance, -will form upon the surface of the goblet, and emit a -crackling noise, like that of flame, thus giving a twofold indication -of the presence of poison.<a id="FNanchor_911_911"></a><a href="#Footnote_911_911" class="fnanchor">911</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_24"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 24.—THE FIRST STATUES OF GOLD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The first statue of massive gold, without any hollowness -within, and anterior to any of those statues of bronze even, -which are known as “holosphyratæ,”<a id="FNanchor_912_912"></a><a href="#Footnote_912_912" class="fnanchor">912</a> is said to have been -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_106">106</a></span>erected in the Temple of the goddess Anaïtis. To what particular -region this name belongs, we have already<a id="FNanchor_913_913"></a><a href="#Footnote_913_913" class="fnanchor">913</a> stated, it -being that of a divinity<a id="FNanchor_914_914"></a><a href="#Footnote_914_914" class="fnanchor">914</a> held in the highest veneration by -the nations in that part of the world. This statue was carried -off during the wars of Antonius with the people of Parthia; -and a witty saying is told, with reference to it, of one of the -veterans of the Roman army, a native of Bononia. Entertaining -on one occasion the late Emperor Augustus at dinner, -he was asked by that prince whether he was aware that the -person who was the first to commit this violence upon the -statue, had been struck with blindness and paralysis, and then -expired. To this he made answer, that at that very moment -Augustus was making his dinner off of one of her legs, for that -he himself was the very man, and to that bit of plunder he -had been indebted for all his fortune.<a id="FNanchor_915_915"></a><a href="#Footnote_915_915" class="fnanchor">915</a></p> - -<p>As regards statues of human beings, Gorgias of Leontini<a id="FNanchor_916_916"></a><a href="#Footnote_916_916" class="fnanchor">916</a> -was the first to erect a solid statue of gold, in the Temple at -Delphi, in honour of himself, about the seventieth<a id="FNanchor_917_917"></a><a href="#Footnote_917_917" class="fnanchor">917</a> Olympiad: -so great were the fortunes then made by teaching the art of -oratory!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_25"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 25.—EIGHT REMEDIES DERIVED FROM GOLD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Gold is efficacious as a remedy in many ways, being applied -to wounded persons and to infants, to render any malpractices -of sorcery comparatively innocuous that may be directed against -them. Gold, however, itself is mischievous in its effects if -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_107">107</a></span>carried over the head, in the case of chickens and lambs more -particularly. The proper remedy in such case is to wash the -gold, and to sprinkle the water upon the objects which it is -wished to preserve. Gold, too, is melted with twice its weight -of salt, and three times its weight of misy;<a id="FNanchor_918_918"></a><a href="#Footnote_918_918" class="fnanchor">918</a> after which it is -again melted with two parts of salt and one of the stone called -“schistos.”<a id="FNanchor_919_919"></a><a href="#Footnote_919_919" class="fnanchor">919</a> Employed in this manner, it withdraws the -natural acridity from the substances torrefied with it in the -crucible, while at the same time it remains pure and incorrupt; -the residue forming an ash which is preserved in an earthen -vessel, and is applied with water for the cure of lichens on the -face: the best method of washing it off is with bean-meal. -These ashes have the property also of curing fistulas and the -discharges known as “hæmorrhoides:” with the addition, too, of -powdered pumice, they are a cure for putrid ulcers and sores -which emit an offensive smell.</p> - -<p>Gold, boiled in honey with melanthium<a id="FNanchor_920_920"></a><a href="#Footnote_920_920" class="fnanchor">920</a> and applied as a -liniment to the navel, acts as a gentle purgative upon the -bowels. M. Varro assures us that gold is a cure for warts.<a id="FNanchor_921_921"></a><a href="#Footnote_921_921" class="fnanchor">921</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_26"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 26. (5.)—CHRYSOCOLLA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Chrysocolla<a id="FNanchor_922_922"></a><a href="#Footnote_922_922" class="fnanchor">922</a> is a liquid which is found in the shafts already -mentioned,<a id="FNanchor_923_923"></a><a href="#Footnote_923_923" class="fnanchor">923</a> flowing through the veins of gold; a kind of -slime which becomes indurated by the cold of winter till it -has attained the hardness even of pumice. The most esteemed -kind of it, it has been ascertained, is found in copper-mines, -the next best being the produce of silver-mines: it is found -also in lead-mines, but that found in combination with gold -ore is much inferior.</p> - -<p>In all these mines, too, an artificial chrysocolla is manufactured; -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_108">108</a></span>much inferior, however, to the native chrysocolla. -The method of preparing it consists in introducing water -gradually into a vein of metal, throughout the winter and until -the month of June; after which, it is left to dry up during -the months of June and July: so that, in fact, it is quite evident -that chrysocolla is nothing else but the putrefaction of a metallic -vein. Native chrysocolla, known as “uva,” differs from -the other in its hardness more particularly; and yet, hard as -it is, it admits of being coloured with the plant known as -“lutum.”<a id="FNanchor_924_924"></a><a href="#Footnote_924_924" class="fnanchor">924</a> Like flax and wool, it is of a nature which imbibes -liquids. For the purpose of dyeing it, it is first bruised in a -mortar, after which, it is passed through a fine sieve. This -done, it is ground, and then passed through a still finer sieve; -all that refuses to pass being replaced in the mortar, and subjected -once more to the mill. The finest part of the powder is -from time to time measured out into a crucible, where it is -macerated in vinegar, so that all the hard particles may be -dissolved; after which, it is pounded again, and then rinsed -in shell-shaped vessels, and left to dry. This done, the chrysocolla -is dyed by the agency of schist alum<a id="FNanchor_925_925"></a><a href="#Footnote_925_925" class="fnanchor">925</a> and the plant -above-mentioned; and thus is it painted itself before it serves -to paint. It is of considerable importance, too, that it should -be absorbent and readily take the dye: indeed, if it does not -speedily take the colour, scytanum and turbistum<a id="FNanchor_926_926"></a><a href="#Footnote_926_926" class="fnanchor">926</a> are added to -the dye; such being the name of two drugs which compel it to -absorb the colouring matter.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_27"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 27.—THE USE MADE OF CHRYSOCOLLA IN PAINTING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>When chrysocolla has been thus dyed, painters call it “orobitis,” -and distinguish two kinds of it, the cleansed<a id="FNanchor_927_927"></a><a href="#Footnote_927_927" class="fnanchor">927</a> orobitis,<a id="FNanchor_928_928"></a><a href="#Footnote_928_928" class="fnanchor">928</a> -which is kept for making lomentum,<a id="FNanchor_929_929"></a><a href="#Footnote_929_929" class="fnanchor">929</a> and the liquid, the balls -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_109">109</a></span>being dissolved for use by evaporation.<a id="FNanchor_930_930"></a><a href="#Footnote_930_930" class="fnanchor">930</a> Both these kinds -are prepared in Cyprus,<a id="FNanchor_931_931"></a><a href="#Footnote_931_931" class="fnanchor">931</a> but the most esteemed is that made -in Armenia, the next best being that of Macedonia: it is Spain, -however, that produces the most. The great point of its excellence -consists in its producing exactly the tint of corn when -in a state of the freshest verdure.<a id="FNanchor_932_932"></a><a href="#Footnote_932_932" class="fnanchor">932</a> Before now, we have seen, -at the spectacles exhibited by the Emperor Nero, the arena of -the Circus entirely sanded with chrysocolla, when the prince -himself, clad in a dress of the same colour, was about to exhibit -as a charioteer.<a id="FNanchor_933_933"></a><a href="#Footnote_933_933" class="fnanchor">933</a></p> - -<p>The unlearned multitude of artisans distinguish three -kinds of chrysocolla; the rough chrysocolla, which is valued -at seven denarii per pound; the middling, worth five denarii; -and the bruised, also known as the “herbaceous” chrysocolla, -worth three denarii per pound. Before laying on the -sanded<a id="FNanchor_934_934"></a><a href="#Footnote_934_934" class="fnanchor">934</a> chrysocolla, they underlay coats of atramentum<a id="FNanchor_935_935"></a><a href="#Footnote_935_935" class="fnanchor">935</a> -and parætonium,<a id="FNanchor_936_936"></a><a href="#Footnote_936_936" class="fnanchor">936</a> substances which make it hold, and impart -a softness to the colours. The parætonium, as it is -naturally very unctuous, and, from its smoothness, extremely -tenacious, is laid on first, and is then covered with a coat of -atramentum, lest the parætonium, from its extreme whiteness, -should impart a paleness to the chrysocolla. The kind known -as “lutea,” derives its name, it is thought, from the plant -called “lutum;” which itself is often pounded with cæruleum<a id="FNanchor_937_937"></a><a href="#Footnote_937_937" class="fnanchor">937</a> -instead of real chrysocolla, and used for painting, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_110">110</a></span>making a very inferior kind of green and extremely deceptive.<a id="FNanchor_938_938"></a><a href="#Footnote_938_938" class="fnanchor">938</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_28"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 28.—SEVEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM CHRYSOCOLLA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Chroysocolla, too, is made use of in medicine. In combination -with wax and oil, it is used as a detergent for wounds; -and used by itself in the form of a powder, it acts as a desiccative, -and heals them. In cases, too, of quinsy and hardness -of breathing, chrysocolla is prescribed, in the form of an electuary, -with honey. It acts as an emetic also, and is used as an -ingredient in eye-salves, for the purpose of effacing cicatrizations -upon the eyes. In green plasters too, it is used, for -soothing pain and making scars disappear. This kind of -chrysocolla<a id="FNanchor_939_939"></a><a href="#Footnote_939_939" class="fnanchor">939</a> is known by medical men as “acesis,” and is altogether -different from orobitis.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_29"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 29.—THE CHRYSOCOLLA OF THE GOLDSMITHS, KNOWN ALSO -AS SANTERNA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The goldsmiths also employ a chrysocolla<a id="FNanchor_940_940"></a><a href="#Footnote_940_940" class="fnanchor">940</a> of their own, for -the purpose of soldering gold; and it is from this chrysocolla, -they say, that all the other substances, which present a similar -green, have received their name. This preparation is made -from verdigris of Cyprian copper, the urine of a youth who -has not arrived at puberty, and a portion of nitre.<a id="FNanchor_941_941"></a><a href="#Footnote_941_941" class="fnanchor">941</a> It is then -pounded with a pestle of Cyprian copper, in a copper mortar, -and the name given to the mixture is “santerna.” It is in this -way that the gold known as “silvery”<a id="FNanchor_942_942"></a><a href="#Footnote_942_942" class="fnanchor">942</a> gold is soldered; one -sign of its being so alloyed being its additional brilliancy on -the application of santerna. If, on the other hand, the gold -is impregnated with copper, it will contract, on coming in -contact with the santerna, become dull, and only be soldered -with the greatest difficulty: indeed, for this last kind of gold, -there is a peculiar solder employed, made of gold and one-seventh -part of silver, in addition to the materials above-mentioned, -the whole beaten up together.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_111">111</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_30"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 30.—THE MARVELLOUS OPERATIONS OF NATURE IN SOLDERING -METALLIC SUBSTANCES, AND BRINGING THEM TO A STATE OF -PERFECTION.</span></h3></div> - -<p>While speaking on this subject, it will be as well to annex -the remaining particulars, that our admiration may here be -drawn to all the marvels presented by Nature in connection -therewith. The proper solder for gold is that above described; -for iron, potter’s clay; for copper, when in masses, cadmia,<a id="FNanchor_943_943"></a><a href="#Footnote_943_943" class="fnanchor">943</a> -and in sheets, alum; for lead and marble, resin. Lead is also -united by the aid of white lead;<a id="FNanchor_944_944"></a><a href="#Footnote_944_944" class="fnanchor">944</a> white lead with white lead, -by the agency of oil; stannum, with copper file-dust; and -silver, with stannum.<a id="FNanchor_945_945"></a><a href="#Footnote_945_945" class="fnanchor">945</a></p> - -<p>For smelting copper and iron, pine-wood is the best, Egyptian -papyrus being also very good for the purpose. Gold is -melted most easily with a fire made of chaff.<a id="FNanchor_946_946"></a><a href="#Footnote_946_946" class="fnanchor">946</a> Limestone -and Thracian stone<a id="FNanchor_947_947"></a><a href="#Footnote_947_947" class="fnanchor">947</a> are ignited by the agency of water, this -last being extinguished by the application of oil. Fire, however, -is extinguished most readily by the application of vinegar, -viscus,<a id="FNanchor_948_948"></a><a href="#Footnote_948_948" class="fnanchor">948</a> and unboiled eggs. Earth will under no circumstance -ignite. When charcoal has been once quenched, and then again -ignited, it gives out a greater heat than before.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_31"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 31. (6.)—SILVER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>After stating these facts, we come to speak of silver ore, -the next<a id="FNanchor_949_949"></a><a href="#Footnote_949_949" class="fnanchor">949</a> folly of mankind. Silver is never found but in -shafts sunk deep in the ground, there being no indications to -raise hopes of its existence, no shining sparkles, as in the case -of gold. The earth in which it is found is sometimes red, sometimes -of an ashy hue. It is impossible, too, to melt<a id="FNanchor_950_950"></a><a href="#Footnote_950_950" class="fnanchor">950</a> it, except -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_112">112</a></span>in combination with lead<a id="FNanchor_951_951"></a><a href="#Footnote_951_951" class="fnanchor">951</a> or with galena,<a id="FNanchor_952_952"></a><a href="#Footnote_952_952" class="fnanchor">952</a> this last being the -name given to the vein of lead that is mostly found running -near the veins of the silver ore. When submitted, too, to the -action of fire, part of the ore precipitates itself in the form of -lead,<a id="FNanchor_953_953"></a><a href="#Footnote_953_953" class="fnanchor">953</a> while the silver is left floating on the surface,<a id="FNanchor_954_954"></a><a href="#Footnote_954_954" class="fnanchor">954</a> like oil -on water.</p> - -<p>Silver is found in nearly all our provinces, but the finest of -all is that of Spain; where it is found, like gold, in uncultivated -soils, and in the mountains even. Wherever, too, one -vein of silver has been met with, another is sure to be found -not far off: a thing that has been remarked, in fact, in the case -of nearly all the metals, which would appear from this circumstance -to have derived their Greek name of “metalla.”<a id="FNanchor_955_955"></a><a href="#Footnote_955_955" class="fnanchor">955</a> It -is a remarkable fact, that the shafts opened by Hannibal<a id="FNanchor_956_956"></a><a href="#Footnote_956_956" class="fnanchor">956</a> in -the Spanish provinces are still worked, their names being derived -from the persons who were the first to discover them. -One of these mines, which at the present day is still called Bæbelo, -furnished Hannibal with three hundred pounds’ weight of silver -per day. The mountain is already excavated for a distance of -fifteen hundred<a id="FNanchor_957_957"></a><a href="#Footnote_957_957" class="fnanchor">957</a> paces; and throughout the whole of this -distance there are water-bearers<a id="FNanchor_958_958"></a><a href="#Footnote_958_958" class="fnanchor">958</a> standing night and day, -baling out the water in turns, regulated by the light of torches, -and so forming quite a river.</p> - -<p>The vein of silver that is found nearest the surface is known -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_113">113</a></span>by the name of “crudaria.”<a id="FNanchor_959_959"></a><a href="#Footnote_959_959" class="fnanchor">959</a> In ancient times, the excavations -used to be abandoned the moment alum<a id="FNanchor_960_960"></a><a href="#Footnote_960_960" class="fnanchor">960</a> was met with, and no -further<a id="FNanchor_961_961"></a><a href="#Footnote_961_961" class="fnanchor">961</a> search was made. Of late, however, the discovery of -a vein of copper beneath alum, has withdrawn any such limits -to man’s hopes. The exhalations from silver-mines are dangerous -to all animals, but to dogs more particularly. The -softer they are, the more beautiful gold and silver are considered. -It is a matter of surprise with most persons, that lines -traced<a id="FNanchor_962_962"></a><a href="#Footnote_962_962" class="fnanchor">962</a> with silver should be black.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_32"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 32.—QUICKSILVER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is a mineral also found in these veins of silver, which -yields a humour that is always<a id="FNanchor_963_963"></a><a href="#Footnote_963_963" class="fnanchor">963</a> liquid, and is known as -“quicksilver.”<a id="FNanchor_964_964"></a><a href="#Footnote_964_964" class="fnanchor">964</a> It acts as a poison<a id="FNanchor_965_965"></a><a href="#Footnote_965_965" class="fnanchor">965</a> upon everything, and -pierces vessels even, making its way through them by the -agency of its malignant properties.<a id="FNanchor_966_966"></a><a href="#Footnote_966_966" class="fnanchor">966</a> All substances float upon -the surface of quicksilver, with the exception of gold,<a id="FNanchor_967_967"></a><a href="#Footnote_967_967" class="fnanchor">967</a> this -being the only substance that it attracts to itself.<a id="FNanchor_968_968"></a><a href="#Footnote_968_968" class="fnanchor">968</a> Hence -it is, that it is such an excellent refiner of gold; for, on being -briskly shaken in an earthen vessel with gold, it rejects all -the impurities that are mixed with it. When once it has thus -expelled these superfluities, there is nothing to do but to separate -it from the gold; to effect which, it is poured out upon -skins that have been well tawed, and so, exuding through them -like a sort of perspiration, it leaves the gold in a state of -purity behind.<a id="FNanchor_969_969"></a><a href="#Footnote_969_969" class="fnanchor">969</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_114">114</a></span></p> - -<p>Hence it is, too, that when copper has to be gilded,<a id="FNanchor_970_970"></a><a href="#Footnote_970_970" class="fnanchor">970</a> a coat of -quicksilver is laid beneath the gold leaf, which it retains in its -place with the greatest tenacity: in cases, however, where the -leaf is single, or very thin, the presence of the quicksilver is -detected by the paleness of the colour.<a id="FNanchor_971_971"></a><a href="#Footnote_971_971" class="fnanchor">971</a> For this reason, persons, -when meditating a piece of fraud, have been in the habit -of substituting glair of egg for quicksilver, and then laying -upon it a coat of hydrargyros, a substance of which we shall -make further mention in the appropriate place.<a id="FNanchor_972_972"></a><a href="#Footnote_972_972" class="fnanchor">972</a> Generally -speaking, quicksilver has not been found in any large quantities.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_115">115</a></span> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_33"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 33.—STIMMI, STIBI, ALABASTRUM, LARBASIS, OR PLATYOPHTHALMON.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the same mines in which silver is found, there is also -found a substance which, properly speaking, may be called a -stone made of concrete froth.<a id="FNanchor_973_973"></a><a href="#Footnote_973_973" class="fnanchor">973</a> It is white and shining, without -being transparent, and has the several names of stimmi, -stibi, alabastrum,<a id="FNanchor_974_974"></a><a href="#Footnote_974_974" class="fnanchor">974</a> and larbasis. There are two kinds of it, -the male and the female.<a id="FNanchor_975_975"></a><a href="#Footnote_975_975" class="fnanchor">975</a> The latter kind is the more approved -of, the male<a id="FNanchor_976_976"></a><a href="#Footnote_976_976" class="fnanchor">976</a> stimmi being more uneven, rougher to -the touch, less ponderous, not so radiant, and more gritty. -The female kind, on the other hand, is bright and friable, and -separates in laminæ, and not in globules.<a id="FNanchor_977_977"></a><a href="#Footnote_977_977" class="fnanchor">977</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_34"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 34.—SEVEN REMEDIES DERIVED PROM STIMMI.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Stimmi is possessed of certain astringent and refrigerative -properties, its principal use, in medicine, being for the eyes. -Hence it is that most persons call it “platyophthalmon,”<a id="FNanchor_978_978"></a><a href="#Footnote_978_978" class="fnanchor">978</a> it being -extensively employed in the calliblepharic<a id="FNanchor_979_979"></a><a href="#Footnote_979_979" class="fnanchor">979</a> preparations of -females, for the purpose of dilating the eyes. It acts also as a -check upon fluxes of the eyes and ulcerations of those organs; -being used, as a powder, with pounded frankincense and gum. -It has the property, too, of arresting discharges of blood from -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_116">116</a></span>the brain; and, sprinkled in the form of a powder, it is extremely -efficacious for the cure of recent wounds and bites of dogs which -have been some time inflicted. For the cure of burns it is remarkably -good, mixed with grease, litharge,<a id="FNanchor_980_980"></a><a href="#Footnote_980_980" class="fnanchor">980</a> ceruse, and wax.</p> - -<p>The method of preparing it, is to burn it, enclosed in a -coat of cow-dung, in a furnace; which done, it is quenched -with woman’s milk, and pounded with rain-water in a mortar.<a id="FNanchor_981_981"></a><a href="#Footnote_981_981" class="fnanchor">981</a> -While this is doing, the thick and turbid part is poured off -from time to time into a copper vessel, and purified with nitre.<a id="FNanchor_982_982"></a><a href="#Footnote_982_982" class="fnanchor">982</a> -The lees of it, which are rejected, are recognized by their -being full of lead and falling to the bottom. The vessel into -which the turbid part has been poured off, is then covered -with a linen cloth and left untouched for a night; the portion -that lies upon the surface being poured off the following day, -or else removed with a sponge. The part that has fallen to -the bottom of the vessel is regarded as the choicest<a id="FNanchor_983_983"></a><a href="#Footnote_983_983" class="fnanchor">983</a> part, and -is left, covered with a linen cloth, to dry in the sun, but not -to become parched. This done, it is again pounded in a -mortar, and then divided into tablets. But the main thing of -all is, to observe such a degree of nicety in heating it, as not -to let it become lead.<a id="FNanchor_984_984"></a><a href="#Footnote_984_984" class="fnanchor">984</a> Some persons, when preparing it on -the fire, use grease<a id="FNanchor_985_985"></a><a href="#Footnote_985_985" class="fnanchor">985</a> instead of dung. Others, again, bruise it -in water and then pass it through a triple strainer of linen -cloth; after which, they reject the lees, and pour off the -remainder of the liquid, collecting all that is deposited at the -bottom, and using it as an ingredient in plasters and eye-salves.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_35"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 35.—THE SCORIA OF SILVER. SIX REMEDIES DERIVED FROM IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The scoria of silver is called by the Greeks “helcysma.”<a id="FNanchor_986_986"></a><a href="#Footnote_986_986" class="fnanchor">986</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_117">117</a></span>It has certain restringent and refrigerative effects upon bodies, -and, like molybdæna, of which we shall make further mention -when speaking<a id="FNanchor_987_987"></a><a href="#Footnote_987_987" class="fnanchor">987</a> of lead, is used as an ingredient in making -plasters, those more particularly which are to promote the -cicatrization of wounds. It is employed also for the cure of -tenesmus and dysentery, being injected in the form of a clyster -with myrtle-oil. It forms an ingredient, too, in the medicaments -known as “liparæ,”<a id="FNanchor_988_988"></a><a href="#Footnote_988_988" class="fnanchor">988</a> for the removal of fleshy excrescences -in sores, ulcerations arising from chafing, or running -ulcers on the head.</p> - -<p>The same mines also furnish us with the preparation known -as “scum of silver.”<a id="FNanchor_989_989"></a><a href="#Footnote_989_989" class="fnanchor">989</a> There are three<a id="FNanchor_990_990"></a><a href="#Footnote_990_990" class="fnanchor">990</a> varieties of it; the -best, known as “chrysitis;” the second best, the name of -which is “argyritis;” and a third kind, which is called -“molybditis.” In most instances, too, all these tints are to -be found in the same cake.<a id="FNanchor_991_991"></a><a href="#Footnote_991_991" class="fnanchor">991</a></p> - -<p>The most approved kind is that of Attica; the next being -that which comes from Spain. Chrysitis is the produce of -the metallic vein,<a id="FNanchor_992_992"></a><a href="#Footnote_992_992" class="fnanchor">992</a> argyritis is obtained from the silver itself, -and molybditis is the result of the smelting of lead,<a id="FNanchor_993_993"></a><a href="#Footnote_993_993" class="fnanchor">993</a> a work -that is done at Puteoli; to which last circumstance, in fact, molybditis -owes its name.<a id="FNanchor_994_994"></a><a href="#Footnote_994_994" class="fnanchor">994</a> All these substances are prepared in -the following manner: the metal is first melted, and then allowed -to flow from a more elevated receiver into a lower. From -this last it is lifted by the aid of iron spits, and is then twirled -round at the end of the spit in the midst of the flames, in -order to make it all the lighter. Thus, as may be easily perceived -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_118">118</a></span>from the name, it is in reality the scum of a substance -in a state of fusion—of the future metal, in fact. It differs -from scoria in the same way that the scum of a liquid differs -from the lees, the one<a id="FNanchor_995_995"></a><a href="#Footnote_995_995" class="fnanchor">995</a> being an excretion thrown out by -the metal while purifying itself, the other<a id="FNanchor_996_996"></a><a href="#Footnote_996_996" class="fnanchor">996</a> an excretion of -the metal when purified.</p> - -<p>Some persons distinguish two kinds of scum of silver, and -give them the names of “scirerytis” and “peumene;”<a id="FNanchor_997_997"></a><a href="#Footnote_997_997" class="fnanchor">997</a> a third -variety being molybdæna, of which we shall have to make -further mention when treating of lead.<a id="FNanchor_998_998"></a><a href="#Footnote_998_998" class="fnanchor">998</a> To make this scum -fit for use, the cakes are again broken into pieces the size -of a hazel-nut, and then melted, the fire being briskly blown -with the bellows. For the purpose of separating the charcoal -and ashes from it, it is then rinsed with vinegar or with wine, -and is so quenched. In the case of argyritis, it is recommended, -in order to blanch it, to break it into pieces the size -of a bean, and then to boil it with water in an earthen vessel, -first putting with it, wrapped in linen cloths, some new wheat -and barley, which are left there till they have lost the outer -coat. This done, they bruise the whole in mortars for six consecutive -days, taking care to rinse the mixture in cold water -three times a day, and after that, in an infusion of hot -water and fossil salt, one obolus of the latter to every pound -of scum: at the end of the six days it is put away for keeping -in a vessel of lead.</p> - -<p>Some persons boil it with white beans and a ptisan<a id="FNanchor_999_999"></a><a href="#Footnote_999_999" class="fnanchor">999</a> of -barley, and then dry it in the sun; others, again, with white -wool and beans, till such time as it imparts no darkness to the -wool; after which, first adding fossil<a id="FNanchor_1000_1000"></a><a href="#Footnote_1000_1000" class="fnanchor">1000</a> salt, they change the -water from time to time, and then dry it during the forty hottest -days of summer. In some instances the practice is, to -boil it in water in a swine’s paunch, and then to take it out -and rub it with nitre; after which, following the preceding -method, they pound it in a mortar with salt. Some again -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_119">119</a></span>never boil it, but pound it only with salt, and then rinse it -with water.</p> - -<p>Scum of silver is used as an ingredient in eye-salves, and, -in the form of a liniment, by females, for the purpose of removing -spots and blemishes caused by scars, as also in washes -for the hair. Its properties are desiccative, emollient, refrigerative, -temperative, and detergent. It fills up cavities in -the flesh produced by ulceration, and reduces tumours. For -all these purposes it is employed as an ingredient in plaster, -and in the liparæ previously mentioned.<a id="FNanchor_1001_1001"></a><a href="#Footnote_1001_1001" class="fnanchor">1001</a> In combination -with rue, myrtle, and vinegar, it removes erysipelas: and, -with myrtle and wax, it is a cure for chilblains.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_36"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 36. (7.)—MINIUM: FOR WHAT RELIGIOUS PURPOSES IT -WAS USED BY THE ANCIENTS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It is also in silver-mines that minium<a id="FNanchor_1002_1002"></a><a href="#Footnote_1002_1002" class="fnanchor">1002</a> is found, a pigment -held at the present day in very high estimation; and by the -Romans in former times not only held in the highest estimation, -but used for sacred purposes as well. Verrius enumerates -certain authors, upon whose testimony we find it satisfactorily -established that it was the custom upon festivals to -colour the face of the statue of Jupiter even with minium, as -well as the bodies<a id="FNanchor_1003_1003"></a><a href="#Footnote_1003_1003" class="fnanchor">1003</a> of triumphant generals; and that it was -in this guise that Camillus celebrated his triumph. We find, -too, that it is through the same religious motives that it is -employed at the present day for colouring the unguents used -at triumphal banquets, and that it is the first duty of the -censors to make a contract for painting the statue of Jupiter<a id="FNanchor_1004_1004"></a><a href="#Footnote_1004_1004" class="fnanchor">1004</a> -with this colour.</p> - -<p>For my own part, I am quite at a loss for the origin of this -usage; but it is a well-known fact, that at the present day -even, minium is in great esteem with the nations of Æthiopia, -their nobles being in the habit of staining the body all over -with it, and this being the colour appropriated to the statues -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_120">120</a></span>of their gods. I shall therefore use all the more diligence in -enquiring into all the known facts respecting it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_37"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 37.—THE DISCOVERY AND ORIGIN OF MINIUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Theophrastus states that, ninety years before the magistracy -of Praxibulus at Athens—a date which answers to the -year of our City, 439—minium was discovered by Callias the -Athenian, who was in hopes to extract gold, by submitting to -the action of fire the red sand that was found in the silver-mines. -This, he says, was the first discovery of minium. He states, -also, that in his own time, it was already found in Spain, but -of a harsh and sandy nature; as also in Colchis, upon a certain -inaccessible rock there, from which it was brought down -by the agency of darts. This, however, he says, was only an -adulterated kind of minium, the best of all being that procured -in the Cilbian Plains,<a id="FNanchor_1005_1005"></a><a href="#Footnote_1005_1005" class="fnanchor">1005</a> above Ephesus, the sand of which -has just the colour of the kermes berry.<a id="FNanchor_1006_1006"></a><a href="#Footnote_1006_1006" class="fnanchor">1006</a> This sand, he informs -us, is first ground to powder and then washed, the -portion that settles at the bottom being subjected to a second -washing. From this circumstance, he says, arises a difference -in the article; some persons being in the habit of preparing -their minium with a single washing, while with others it is -more diluted. The best kind, however, he says, is that which -has undergone a second washing.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_38"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 38.—CINNABARIS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>I am not surprised that this colour should have been held -in such high esteem; for already, in the days of the Trojan -War, rubrica<a id="FNanchor_1007_1007"></a><a href="#Footnote_1007_1007" class="fnanchor">1007</a> was highly valued, as appears from the testimony -of Homer, who particularly notices the ships that were -coloured with it, whereas, in reference to other colours and -paintings, he but rarely notices them. The Greeks call this -red earth “miltos,” and give to minium the name of “cinnabaris,” -and hence the error<a id="FNanchor_1008_1008"></a><a href="#Footnote_1008_1008" class="fnanchor">1008</a> caused by the two meanings of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_121">121</a></span>the same word; this being properly the name given to the -thick matter which issues from the dragon when crushed beneath -the weight of the dying elephant, mixed with the blood -of either animal, as already described.<a id="FNanchor_1009_1009"></a><a href="#Footnote_1009_1009" class="fnanchor">1009</a> Indeed this last is the -only colour that in painting gives a proper representation of -blood. This cinnabaris, too, is extremely useful as an ingredient -in antidotes and various medicaments. But, by Hercules! -our physicians, because minium also has the name of -“cinnabaris,” use it as a substitute for the other, and so employ -a poison, as we shall shortly<a id="FNanchor_1010_1010"></a><a href="#Footnote_1010_1010" class="fnanchor">1010</a> show it to be.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_39"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 39.—THE EMPLOYMENT OF CINNABARIS IN PAINTING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The ancients used to paint with cinnabaris<a id="FNanchor_1011_1011"></a><a href="#Footnote_1011_1011" class="fnanchor">1011</a> those pictures -of one colour, which are still known among us as “monochromata.”<a id="FNanchor_1012_1012"></a><a href="#Footnote_1012_1012" class="fnanchor">1012</a> -They painted also with the minium of Ephesus:<a id="FNanchor_1013_1013"></a><a href="#Footnote_1013_1013" class="fnanchor">1013</a> -but the use of this last has been abandoned, from the vast -trouble which the proper keeping of the picture entailed. And -then besides, both these colours were thought to be too harsh; -the consequence of which is, that painters have now adopted -the use of rubrica<a id="FNanchor_1014_1014"></a><a href="#Footnote_1014_1014" class="fnanchor">1014</a> and of sinopis, substances of which I shall -make further mention in the appropriate places.<a id="FNanchor_1015_1015"></a><a href="#Footnote_1015_1015" class="fnanchor">1015</a></p> - -<p>Cinnabaris<a id="FNanchor_1016_1016"></a><a href="#Footnote_1016_1016" class="fnanchor">1016</a> is adulterated by the agency of goats’ blood, or -of bruised sorb-apples. The price of genuine cinnabaris is fifty -sesterces per pound.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_40"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 40.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF MINIUM. THE USE MADE OF -IT IN PAINTING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>According to Juba minium is also a production of Carmania,<a id="FNanchor_1017_1017"></a><a href="#Footnote_1017_1017" class="fnanchor">1017</a> -and Timagenes says that it is found in Æthiopia. But from -neither of those regions is it imported to Rome, nor, indeed, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_122">122</a></span>from hardly any other quarter but Spain; that of most note -coming from Sisapo,<a id="FNanchor_1018_1018"></a><a href="#Footnote_1018_1018" class="fnanchor">1018</a> a territory of Bætica, the mine of minium -there forming a part of the revenues of the Roman -people. Indeed there is nothing guarded with a more constant -circumspection; for it is not allowable to reduce and refine -the ore upon the spot, it being brought to Rome in a crude -state and under seal, to the amount of about two thousand -pounds per annum. At Rome, the process of washing is performed, -and, in the sale of it, the price is regulated by statute; -it not being allowed to exceed<a id="FNanchor_1019_1019"></a><a href="#Footnote_1019_1019" class="fnanchor">1019</a> seventy sesterces per pound. -There are numerous ways, however, of adulterating it, a source -of considerable plunder to the company.<a id="FNanchor_1020_1020"></a><a href="#Footnote_1020_1020" class="fnanchor">1020</a></p> - -<p>For there is, in fact, another kind<a id="FNanchor_1021_1021"></a><a href="#Footnote_1021_1021" class="fnanchor">1021</a> of minium, found in most -silver-mines as well as lead-mines, and prepared by the calcination -of certain stones that are found mixed with the metallic -vein—not the minerals, however, to the fluid humours of -which we have given<a id="FNanchor_1022_1022"></a><a href="#Footnote_1022_1022" class="fnanchor">1022</a> the name of quicksilver; for if those are -subjected to the action of fire they will yield silver—but another -kind of stone<a id="FNanchor_1023_1023"></a><a href="#Footnote_1023_1023" class="fnanchor">1023</a> that is found with them. These barren<a id="FNanchor_1024_1024"></a><a href="#Footnote_1024_1024" class="fnanchor">1024</a> stones, -too, may be recognized by their uniform leaden colour, and it -is only when in the furnace that they turn red. After being -duly calcined they are pulverized, and thus form a minium of -second-rate quality, known to but very few, and far inferior -to the produce of the native sand that we have mentioned.<a id="FNanchor_1025_1025"></a><a href="#Footnote_1025_1025" class="fnanchor">1025</a> -It is with this substance, then, as also with syricum, that -the genuine minium is adulterated in the manufactories of the -company. How syricum is prepared we shall describe in the -appropriate place.<a id="FNanchor_1026_1026"></a><a href="#Footnote_1026_1026" class="fnanchor">1026</a> One motive, however, for giving an under-coat -of syricum to minium, is the evident saving of expense -that results therefrom. Minium, too, in another way affords a -very convenient opportunity to painters for pilfering, by washing -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_123">123</a></span>their brushes,<a id="FNanchor_1027_1027"></a><a href="#Footnote_1027_1027" class="fnanchor">1027</a> filled with the colouring matter, every now -and then. The minium of course falls to the bottom, and is -thus so much gained by the thief.</p> - -<p>Genuine minium ought to have the brilliant colour of the -kermes berry;<a id="FNanchor_1028_1028"></a><a href="#Footnote_1028_1028" class="fnanchor">1028</a> but when that of inferior quality is used for -walls, the brightness of it is sure to be tarnished by the -moisture, and this too, although the substance itself is a sort -of metallic mildew. In the mines of Sisapo, the veins are -composed exclusively of the sandy particles of minium, without -the intermixture of any silver whatever; the practice being -to melt it like gold. Minium is assayed by the agency of gold -in a state of incandescence: if it has been adulterated, it will -turn black, but if genuine, it retains its colour. I find it -stated also that minium is adulterated with lime; the proper -mode of detecting which, is similarly to employ a sheet of red -hot iron, if there should happen to be no gold at hand.</p> - -<p>To objects painted with minium the action of the sun and -moon is highly injurious. The proper method of avoiding -this inconvenience, is to dry the wall, and then to apply, with, -a hair brush, hot Punic wax, melted with oil; after which, -the varnish must be heated, with an application of gall-nuts, -burnt to a red heat, till it quite perspires. This done, it must -be smoothed down with rollers<a id="FNanchor_1029_1029"></a><a href="#Footnote_1029_1029" class="fnanchor">1029</a> made of wax, and then polished -with clean linen cloths, like marble, when made to shine. -Persons employed in the manufactories in preparing minium -protect the face with masks of loose bladder-skin, in order to -avoid inhaling the dust, which is highly pernicious; the covering -being at the same time sufficiently transparent to admit of -being seen through.</p> - -<p>Minium is employed also for writing<a id="FNanchor_1030_1030"></a><a href="#Footnote_1030_1030" class="fnanchor">1030</a> in books; and the -letters made with it being more distinct, even on gold or marble, -it is used for the inscriptions upon tombs.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_124">124</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_41"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 41. (8.)—HYDRARGYROS. REMEDIES DERIVED FROM -MINIUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Human industry has also discovered a method of extracting -hydrargyros<a id="FNanchor_1031_1031"></a><a href="#Footnote_1031_1031" class="fnanchor">1031</a> from the inferior minium, a substitute for quicksilver, -the further mention of which was deferred, a few pages -before,<a id="FNanchor_1032_1032"></a><a href="#Footnote_1032_1032" class="fnanchor">1032</a> to the present occasion. There are two methods of -preparing this substance; either by pounding minium and -vinegar with a brazen pestle and mortar, or else by putting -minium into flat earthen pans, covered with a lid, and then -enclosed in an iron seething-pot well luted with potter’s clay. -A fire is then lighted under the pans, and the flame kept continually -burning by the aid of the bellows; which done, the -steam is carefully removed, that is found adhering to the lid, -being like silver in colour, and similar to water in its fluidity. -This liquid, too, is easily made to separate in globules, which, -from their fluid nature, readily unite.<a id="FNanchor_1033_1033"></a><a href="#Footnote_1033_1033" class="fnanchor">1033</a></p> - -<p>As it is a fact generally admitted, that minium is a poison,<a id="FNanchor_1034_1034"></a><a href="#Footnote_1034_1034" class="fnanchor">1034</a> -I look upon all the recipes given as highly dangerous which -recommend its employment for medicinal purposes; with the -exception, perhaps, of those cases in which it is applied to the -head or abdomen, for the purpose of arresting hæmorrhage, -due care being taken that it is not allowed to penetrate to the -viscera, or to touch any sore. Beyond such cases as these, for -my own part, I should never recommend it to be used in -medicine.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_42"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 42.—THE METHOD OF GILDING SILVER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>At the present day silver is gilded almost exclusively by -the agency of hydrargyros;<a id="FNanchor_1035_1035"></a><a href="#Footnote_1035_1035" class="fnanchor">1035</a> and a similar method should -always be employed in laying gold leaf upon copper. But -the same fraud which ever shows itself so extremely ingenious -in all departments of human industry, has devised a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_125">125</a></span>plan of substituting an inferior material, as already mentioned.<a id="FNanchor_1036_1036"></a><a href="#Footnote_1036_1036" class="fnanchor">1036</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_43"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 43.—TOUCHSTONES FOR TESTING GOLD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>A description of gold and silver is necessarily accompanied -by that of the stone known as “coticula.”<a id="FNanchor_1037_1037"></a><a href="#Footnote_1037_1037" class="fnanchor">1037</a> In former times, -according to Theophrastus, this stone was nowhere to be -found, except in the river Tmolus,<a id="FNanchor_1038_1038"></a><a href="#Footnote_1038_1038" class="fnanchor">1038</a> but at the present day it is -found in numerous places. By some persons it is known as -the “Heraclian,” and by others as the “Lydian” stone. It -is found in pieces of moderate size, and never exceeding four -inches in length by two in breadth. The side that has lain -facing the sun is superior<a id="FNanchor_1039_1039"></a><a href="#Footnote_1039_1039" class="fnanchor">1039</a> to that which has lain next to the -ground. Persons of experience in these matters, when they -have scraped a particle off the ore with this stone, as with a -file, can tell in a moment the proportion of gold there is in it, -how much silver, or how much copper; and this to a scruple, -their accuracy being so marvellous that they are never mistaken.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_44"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 44.—THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF SILVER, AND THE MODES -OF TESTING IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There are two kinds of silver. On placing a piece of it -upon an iron fire-shovel at a white heat, if the metal remains -perfectly white, it is of the best quality: if again it turns of a -reddish colour, it is inferior; but if it becomes black, it is -worthless. Fraud, however, has devised means of stultifying -this test even; for by keeping the shovel immersed in men’s -urine, the piece of silver absorbs it as it burns, and so displays -a fictitious whiteness. There is also a kind of test with -reference to polished silver: when the human breath comes -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_126">126</a></span>in contact with it, it should immediately be covered with -steam,<a id="FNanchor_1040_1040"></a><a href="#Footnote_1040_1040" class="fnanchor">1040</a> the cloudiness disappearing at once.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_45"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 45. (9.)—MIRRORS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It is generally supposed among us that it is only the very -finest silver that admits of being laminated, and so converted -into mirrors. Pure silver was formerly used for the purpose, -but, at the present day, this too has been corrupted by the -devices of fraud. But, really, it is a very marvellous property -that this metal has, of reflecting objects; a property which, it -is generally agreed, results from the repercussion of the air,<a id="FNanchor_1041_1041"></a><a href="#Footnote_1041_1041" class="fnanchor">1041</a> -thrown back as it is from the metal upon the eyes. The -same too is the action that takes place when we use a mirror. -If, again, a thick plate of this metal is highly polished, and is -rendered slightly concave,<a id="FNanchor_1042_1042"></a><a href="#Footnote_1042_1042" class="fnanchor">1042</a> the image or object reflected is -enlarged to an immense extent; so vast is the difference between -a surface receiving,<a id="FNanchor_1043_1043"></a><a href="#Footnote_1043_1043" class="fnanchor">1043</a> and throwing back the air. Even -more than this—drinking-cups are now made in such a -manner, as to be filled inside with numerous<a id="FNanchor_1044_1044"></a><a href="#Footnote_1044_1044" class="fnanchor">1044</a> concave facets, -like so many mirrors; so that if but one person looks into the -interior, he sees reflected a whole multitude of persons.</p> - -<p>Mirrors, too, have been invented to reflect monstrous<a id="FNanchor_1045_1045"></a><a href="#Footnote_1045_1045" class="fnanchor">1045</a> -forms; those, for instance, which have been consecrated in the -Temple at Smyrna. This, however, all results from the configuration -given to the metal; and it makes all the difference -whether the surface has a concave form like the section of a -drinking cup, or whether it is [convex] like a Thracian<a id="FNanchor_1046_1046"></a><a href="#Footnote_1046_1046" class="fnanchor">1046</a> -buckler; whether it is depressed in the middle or elevated; -whether the surface has a direction<a id="FNanchor_1047_1047"></a><a href="#Footnote_1047_1047" class="fnanchor">1047</a> transversely or obliquely; -or whether it runs horizontally or vertically; the -peculiar configuration of the surface which receives the shadows, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_127">127</a></span>causing them to undergo corresponding distortions: for, in -fact, the image is nothing else but the shadow of the object -collected upon the bright surface of the metal.</p> - -<p>However, to finish our description of mirrors on the present<a id="FNanchor_1048_1048"></a><a href="#Footnote_1048_1048" class="fnanchor">1048</a> -occasion—the best, in the times of our ancestors, were those of -Brundisium,<a id="FNanchor_1049_1049"></a><a href="#Footnote_1049_1049" class="fnanchor">1049</a> composed of a mixture of<a id="FNanchor_1050_1050"></a><a href="#Footnote_1050_1050" class="fnanchor">1050</a> stannum and copper: -at a later period, however, those made of silver were preferred, -Pasiteles<a id="FNanchor_1051_1051"></a><a href="#Footnote_1051_1051" class="fnanchor">1051</a> being the first who made them, in the time<a id="FNanchor_1052_1052"></a><a href="#Footnote_1052_1052" class="fnanchor">1052</a> -of Pompeius Magnus. More recently,<a id="FNanchor_1053_1053"></a><a href="#Footnote_1053_1053" class="fnanchor">1053</a> a notion has arisen -that the object is reflected with greater distinctness, by the -application to the back of the mirror of a layer of gold.<a id="FNanchor_1054_1054"></a><a href="#Footnote_1054_1054" class="fnanchor">1054</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_128">128</a></span> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_46"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 46.—EGYPTIAN SILVER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The people of Egypt stain their silver vessels, that they -may see represented in them their god Anubis;<a id="FNanchor_1055_1055"></a><a href="#Footnote_1055_1055" class="fnanchor">1055</a> and it is the -custom with them to paint,<a id="FNanchor_1056_1056"></a><a href="#Footnote_1056_1056" class="fnanchor">1056</a> and not to chase, their silver. -This usage has now passed to our own triumphal statues even; -and, a truly marvellous fact, the value of silver has been -enhanced by deadening its brilliancy.<a id="FNanchor_1057_1057"></a><a href="#Footnote_1057_1057" class="fnanchor">1057</a> The following is the -method adopted: with the silver are mixed two-thirds of the -very finest Cyprian copper, that known as “coronarium,”<a id="FNanchor_1058_1058"></a><a href="#Footnote_1058_1058" class="fnanchor">1058</a> -and a proportion of live sulphur equal to that of the silver. -The whole of these are then melted in an earthen vessel well -luted with potter’s clay, the operation being completed when -the cover becomes detached from the vessel. Silver admits -also of being blackened with the yolk of a hard-boiled egg; a -tint, however, which is removed by the application of vinegar -and chalk.</p> - -<p>The Triumvir Antonius alloyed the silver denarius with -iron: and in spurious coin there is an alloy of copper employed. -Some, again, curtail<a id="FNanchor_1059_1059"></a><a href="#Footnote_1059_1059" class="fnanchor">1059</a> the proper weight of our denarii, -the legitimate proportion being eighty-four denarii to a -pound of silver. It was in consequence of these frauds that a -method was devised of assaying the denarius: the law ordaining -which was so much to the taste of the plebeians, that in -every quarter of the City there was a full-length statue -erected<a id="FNanchor_1060_1060"></a><a href="#Footnote_1060_1060" class="fnanchor">1060</a> in honour of Marius Gratidianus. It is truly marvellous, -that in this art, and in this only, the various methods -of falsification should be made a study:<a id="FNanchor_1061_1061"></a><a href="#Footnote_1061_1061" class="fnanchor">1061</a> for the sample of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_129">129</a></span>the false denarius is now an object of careful examination, -and people absolutely buy the counterfeit coin at the price -of many genuine ones!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_47"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 47. (10.)—INSTANCES OF IMMENSE WEALTH. PERSONS -WHO HAVE POSSESSED THE GREATEST SUMS OF MONEY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The ancients bad no number whereby to express a larger -sum than one hundred thousand; and hence it is that, at -the present day, we reckon by multiples of that number, as, -for instance, ten times one hundred thousand, and so on.<a id="FNanchor_1062_1062"></a><a href="#Footnote_1062_1062" class="fnanchor">1062</a> For -these multiplications we are indebted to usury and the use of -coined money; and hence, too, the expression “æs alienum,” -or “another man’s money,” which we still use.<a id="FNanchor_1063_1063"></a><a href="#Footnote_1063_1063" class="fnanchor">1063</a> In later -times, again, the surname “Dives”<a id="FNanchor_1064_1064"></a><a href="#Footnote_1064_1064" class="fnanchor">1064</a> was given to some: only -be it known to all, that the man who first received this surname -became a bankrupt and so bubbled his creditors.<a id="FNanchor_1065_1065"></a><a href="#Footnote_1065_1065" class="fnanchor">1065</a> M. -Crassus,<a id="FNanchor_1066_1066"></a><a href="#Footnote_1066_1066" class="fnanchor">1066</a> a member of the same family, used to say that no -man was rich, who could not maintain a legion upon his yearly -income. He possessed in land two hundred millions<a id="FNanchor_1067_1067"></a><a href="#Footnote_1067_1067" class="fnanchor">1067</a> of -sesterces, being the richest Roman citizen next to Sylla. Nor -was even this enough for him, but he must want to possess all -the gold of the Parthians too!<a id="FNanchor_1068_1068"></a><a href="#Footnote_1068_1068" class="fnanchor">1068</a> And yet, although he was the -first to become memorable for his opulence—so pleasant is the -task of stigmatizing this insatiate cupidity—we have known -of many manumitted slaves, since his time, much more -wealthy than he ever was; three for example, all at the same -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_130">130</a></span>time, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius, Pallas,<a id="FNanchor_1069_1069"></a><a href="#Footnote_1069_1069" class="fnanchor">1069</a> Callistus,<a id="FNanchor_1070_1070"></a><a href="#Footnote_1070_1070" class="fnanchor">1070</a> -and Narcissus.<a id="FNanchor_1071_1071"></a><a href="#Footnote_1071_1071" class="fnanchor">1071</a></p> - -<p>But to omit all further mention of these men, as though -they were still<a id="FNanchor_1072_1072"></a><a href="#Footnote_1072_1072" class="fnanchor">1072</a> the rulers of the empire, let us turn to C. -Cæcilius Claudius Isidorus, who, in the consulship of C. -Asinius Gallus and C. Marcius Censorinus,<a id="FNanchor_1073_1073"></a><a href="#Footnote_1073_1073" class="fnanchor">1073</a> upon the sixth -day before the calends of February, declared by his will, that -though he had suffered great losses through the civil wars, he -was still able to leave behind him four thousand one hundred -and sixteen slaves, three thousand six hundred pairs of oxen, -and two hundred and fifty-seven thousand heads of other kind -of cattle, besides, in ready money, sixty millions of sesterces. -Upon his funeral, also, he ordered eleven hundred thousand -sesterces to be expended.</p> - -<p>And yet, supposing all these enormous riches to be added -together, how small a proportion will they bear to the wealth -of Ptolemæus; the person who, according to Varro, when -Pompeius was on his expedition in the countries adjoining -Judæa, entertained eight thousand horsemen at his own expense, -and gave a repast to one thousand guests, setting before -every one of them a drinking-cup of gold, and changing these -vessels at every course! And then, again, how insignificant -would his wealth have been by the side of that of Pythius -the Bithynian<a id="FNanchor_1074_1074"></a><a href="#Footnote_1074_1074" class="fnanchor">1074</a>—for I here make no mention of kings, be it -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_131">131</a></span>remarked. He it was who gave the celebrated plane-tree and -vine of gold to King Darius, and who entertained at a -banquet the troops of Xerxes, seven hundred and eighty-eight -thousand men in all; with a promise of pay and corn -for the whole of them during the next five months, on condition -that one at least of his five children, who had been -drawn for service, should be left to him as the solace of his old -age. And yet, let any one compare the wealth of Pythius to -that possessed by King Crœsus!</p> - -<p>In the name of all that is unfortunate, what madness it is -for human nature to centre its desires upon a thing that has -either fallen to the lot of slaves, or else has reached no known -limit in the aspirations even of kings!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_48"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 48.—AT WHAT PERIOD THE ROMAN PEOPLE FIRST MADE -VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The Roman people first began to make voluntary contributions<a id="FNanchor_1075_1075"></a><a href="#Footnote_1075_1075" class="fnanchor">1075</a> -in the consulship of Spurius Posthumius and Quintus -Marcius.<a id="FNanchor_1076_1076"></a><a href="#Footnote_1076_1076" class="fnanchor">1076</a> So abundant was money at that period, that the -people assessed themselves for a contribution to L. Scipio, to -defray the expenses of the games which he celebrated.<a id="FNanchor_1077_1077"></a><a href="#Footnote_1077_1077" class="fnanchor">1077</a> As -to the contribution of the sixth part of an as, for the purpose -of defraying the funeral expenses of Agrippa Menenius, I look -upon that to have been a mark of respect paid to him, an -honour, too, that was rendered necessary by his poverty, -rather than in the light of a largess.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_49"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 49. (11.)—INSTANCES OF LUXURY IN SILVER PLATE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The caprice of the human mind is marvellously exemplified -in the varying fashions of silver plate; the work of no individual -manufactory being for any long time in vogue. At one -period, the Furnian plate, at another the Clodian, and at -another the Gratian,<a id="FNanchor_1078_1078"></a><a href="#Footnote_1078_1078" class="fnanchor">1078</a> is all the rage—for we borrow the shop -even at our tables.<a id="FNanchor_1079_1079"></a><a href="#Footnote_1079_1079" class="fnanchor">1079</a>—Now again, it is embossed plate<a id="FNanchor_1080_1080"></a><a href="#Footnote_1080_1080" class="fnanchor">1080</a> that -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_132">132</a></span>we are in search of, and silver deeply chiselled around the -marginal lines of the figures painted<a id="FNanchor_1081_1081"></a><a href="#Footnote_1081_1081" class="fnanchor">1081</a> upon it; and now we are -building up on our sideboards fresh tiers<a id="FNanchor_1082_1082"></a><a href="#Footnote_1082_1082" class="fnanchor">1082</a> of tables for supporting -the various dishes. Other articles of plate we nicely -pare away,<a id="FNanchor_1083_1083"></a><a href="#Footnote_1083_1083" class="fnanchor">1083</a> it being an object that the file may remove as -much of the metal as possible.</p> - -<p>We find the orator Calvus complaining that the saucepans -are made of silver; but it has been left for us to invent a plan -of covering our very carriages<a id="FNanchor_1084_1084"></a><a href="#Footnote_1084_1084" class="fnanchor">1084</a> with chased silver, and it was -in our own age that Poppæa, the wife of the Emperor Nero, -ordered her favourite mules to be shod even with gold!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_50"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 50.—INSTANCES OF THE FRUGALITY OF THE ANCIENTS IN -REFERENCE TO SILVER PLATE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The younger Scipio Africanus left to his heir thirty-two -pounds’ weight of silver; the same person who, on his triumph -over the Carthaginians, displayed four thousand three hundred -and seventy pounds’ weight of that metal. Such was the sum -total of the silver possessed by the whole of the inhabitants of -Carthage, that rival of Rome for the empire of the world! -How many a Roman since then has surpassed her in his display -of plate for a single table! After the destruction of -Numantia, the same Africanus gave to his soldiers, on the -day of his triumph, a largess of seven denarii each—and right -worthy were they of such a general, when satisfied with such -a sum! His brother, Scipio Allobrogicus,<a id="FNanchor_1085_1085"></a><a href="#Footnote_1085_1085" class="fnanchor">1085</a> was the very -first who possessed one thousand pounds’ weight of silver, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_133">133</a></span>but Drusus Livius, when he was tribune of the people, possessed -ten thousand. As to the fact that an ancient warrior,<a id="FNanchor_1086_1086"></a><a href="#Footnote_1086_1086" class="fnanchor">1086</a> a man, -too, who had enjoyed a triumph, should have incurred the notice -of the censor for being in possession of five pounds’ weight of -silver, it is a thing that would appear quite fabulous at the -present day.<a id="FNanchor_1087_1087"></a><a href="#Footnote_1087_1087" class="fnanchor">1087</a> The same, too, with the instance of Catus -Ælius,<a id="FNanchor_1088_1088"></a><a href="#Footnote_1088_1088" class="fnanchor">1088</a> who, when consul, after being found by the Ætolian -ambassadors taking his morning meal<a id="FNanchor_1089_1089"></a><a href="#Footnote_1089_1089" class="fnanchor">1089</a> off of common earthenware, -refused to receive the silver vessels which they sent him; -and, indeed, was never in possession, to the last day of his -life, of any silver at all, with the exception of two drinking-cups, -which had been presented to him as the reward of his -valour, by L. Paulus,<a id="FNanchor_1090_1090"></a><a href="#Footnote_1090_1090" class="fnanchor">1090</a> his father-in-law, on the conquest of -King Perseus.</p> - -<p>We read, too, that the Carthaginian ambassadors declared -that no people lived on more amicable terms among themselves -than the Romans, for that wherever they had dined -they had always met with the same<a id="FNanchor_1091_1091"></a><a href="#Footnote_1091_1091" class="fnanchor">1091</a> silver plate. And yet, -by Hercules! to my own knowledge, Pompeius Paulinus, son -of a Roman of equestrian rank at Arelate,<a id="FNanchor_1092_1092"></a><a href="#Footnote_1092_1092" class="fnanchor">1092</a> a member, too, of -a family, on the paternal side, that was graced with the fur,<a id="FNanchor_1093_1093"></a><a href="#Footnote_1093_1093" class="fnanchor">1093</a> -had with him, when serving with the army, and that, too, in -a war against the most savage nations, a service of silver plate -that weighed twelve thousand pounds!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_134">134</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_51"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 51.—AT WHAT PERIOD SILVER WAS FIRST USED AS AN -ORNAMENT FOR COUCHES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>For this long time past, however, it has been the fashion to -plate the couches of our women, as well as some of our banquetting-couches,<a id="FNanchor_1094_1094"></a><a href="#Footnote_1094_1094" class="fnanchor">1094</a> -entirely with silver. Carvilius Pollio,<a id="FNanchor_1095_1095"></a><a href="#Footnote_1095_1095" class="fnanchor">1095</a> a -Roman of equestrian rank, was the first, it is said, to adorn -these last with silver; not, I mean, to plate them all over, nor -yet to make them after the Delian pattern; the Punic<a id="FNanchor_1096_1096"></a><a href="#Footnote_1096_1096" class="fnanchor">1096</a> fashion -being the one he adopted. It was after this last pattern too, -that he had them ornamented with gold as well: and it was -not long after his time that silver couches came into fashion, -in imitation of the couches of Delos. All this extravagance, -however, was fully expiated by the civil wars of Sulla.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_52"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 52.—AT WHAT PERIOD SILVER CHARGERS OF ENORMOUS -SIZE WERE FIRST MADE. WHEN SILVER WAS FIRST USED AS -A MATERIAL FOR SIDEBOARDS. WHEN THE SIDEBOARDS CALLED -TYMPANA WERE FIRST INTRODUCED.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In fact, it was but very shortly before that period that these -couches were invented, as well as chargers<a id="FNanchor_1097_1097"></a><a href="#Footnote_1097_1097" class="fnanchor">1097</a> of silver, one -hundred pounds in weight: of which last, it is a well-known -fact, that there were then upwards of one hundred and fifty in -Rome, and that many persons were proscribed through the -devices of others who were desirous to gain possession thereof. -Well may our Annals be put to the blush for having to impute -those civil wars to the existence of such vices as these!</p> - -<p>Our own age, however, has waxed even stronger in this -respect. In the reign of Claudius, his slave Drusillanus, -surnamed Rotundus, who acted as his steward<a id="FNanchor_1098_1098"></a><a href="#Footnote_1098_1098" class="fnanchor">1098</a> in Nearer -Spain, possessed a silver charger weighing five hundred -pounds, for the manufacture of which a workshop had had to be -expressly built. This charger was accompanied also by eight -other dishes, each two hundred and fifty pounds in weight. -How many of his fellow-slaves,<a id="FNanchor_1099_1099"></a><a href="#Footnote_1099_1099" class="fnanchor">1099</a> pray, would it have taken to -introduce these dishes, or who<a id="FNanchor_1100_1100"></a><a href="#Footnote_1100_1100" class="fnanchor">1100</a> were to be the guests served -therefrom?</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_135">135</a></span></p> - -<p>Cornelius Nepos says that before the victory gained<a id="FNanchor_1101_1101"></a><a href="#Footnote_1101_1101" class="fnanchor">1101</a> by -Sylla, there were but two banquetting couches adorned with -silver at Rome, and that in his own recollection, silver was -first used for adorning sideboards. Fenestella, who died at the -end of the reign of Tiberius Cæsar, informs us that at that -period sideboards, inlaid even with tortoiseshell,<a id="FNanchor_1102_1102"></a><a href="#Footnote_1102_1102" class="fnanchor">1102</a> had come -into fashion; whereas, a little before his time, they had been -made of solid wood, of a round shape, and not much larger -than our tables. He says, however, that when he was quite -a boy, they had begun to make the sideboards square, and of -different<a id="FNanchor_1103_1103"></a><a href="#Footnote_1103_1103" class="fnanchor">1103</a> pieces of wood, or else veneered with maple or -citrus:<a id="FNanchor_1104_1104"></a><a href="#Footnote_1104_1104" class="fnanchor">1104</a> and that at a later period the fashion was introduced -of overlaying the corners and the seams at the joinings with -silver. The name given to them in his youth, he says, was -“tympana;”<a id="FNanchor_1105_1105"></a><a href="#Footnote_1105_1105" class="fnanchor">1105</a> and it was at this period, too, that the chargers -which had been known as “magides” by the ancients, first -received the name of “lances,” from their resemblance<a id="FNanchor_1106_1106"></a><a href="#Footnote_1106_1106" class="fnanchor">1106</a> to the -scales of a balance.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_53"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 53.—THE ENORMOUS PRICE OF SILVER PLATE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It is not, however, only for vast quantities of plate that there -is such a rage among mankind, but even more so, if possible, -for the plate of peculiar artists: and this too, to the exculpation -of our own age, has long been the case. C. Gracchus -possessed some silver dolphins, for which he paid five thousand -sesterces per pound. Lucius Crassus, the orator, paid -for two goblets chased by the hand of the artist Mentor,<a id="FNanchor_1107_1107"></a><a href="#Footnote_1107_1107" class="fnanchor">1107</a> one -hundred thousand sesterces: but he confessed that for very -shame he never dared use them, as also that he had other -articles of plate in his possession, for which he had paid at -the rate of six thousand sesterces per pound. It was the conquest -of Asia<a id="FNanchor_1108_1108"></a><a href="#Footnote_1108_1108" class="fnanchor">1108</a> that first introduced luxury into Italy; for we -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_136">136</a></span>find that Lucius Scipio, in his triumphal procession, exhibited -one thousand four hundred pounds’ weight of chased silver, -with golden vessels, the weight of which amounted to one -thousand five hundred pounds. This<a id="FNanchor_1109_1109"></a><a href="#Footnote_1109_1109" class="fnanchor">1109</a> took place in the year -from the foundation of the City, 565. But that which inflicted -a still more severe blow upon the Roman morals, was -the legacy of Asia,<a id="FNanchor_1110_1110"></a><a href="#Footnote_1110_1110" class="fnanchor">1110</a> which King Attalus<a id="FNanchor_1111_1111"></a><a href="#Footnote_1111_1111" class="fnanchor">1111</a> left to the state at -his decease, a legacy which was even more disadvantageous -than the victory of Scipio,<a id="FNanchor_1112_1112"></a><a href="#Footnote_1112_1112" class="fnanchor">1112</a> in its results. For, upon this -occasion, all scruple was entirely removed, by the eagerness -which existed at Rome, for making purchases at the auction -of the king’s effects. This took place in the year of the City, -622, the people having learned, during the fifty-seven years -that had intervened, not only to admire, but to covet even, -the opulence of foreign nations. The tastes of the Roman -people had received, too, an immense impulse from the conquest -of Achaia,<a id="FNanchor_1113_1113"></a><a href="#Footnote_1113_1113" class="fnanchor">1113</a> which, during this interval, in the year of -the City, 608, that nothing might be wanting, had introduced -both statues and pictures. The same epoch, too, that saw the -birth of luxury, witnessed the downfall of Carthage; so that, -by a fatal coincidence, the Roman people, at the same moment, -both acquired a taste for vice and obtained a license -for gratifying it.</p> - -<p>Some, too, of the ancients sought to recommend themselves -by this love of excess; for Caius Marius, after his victory over -the Cimbri, drank from a cantharus,<a id="FNanchor_1114_1114"></a><a href="#Footnote_1114_1114" class="fnanchor">1114</a> it is said, in imitation -of Father Liber;<a id="FNanchor_1115_1115"></a><a href="#Footnote_1115_1115" class="fnanchor">1115</a> Marius, that ploughman<a id="FNanchor_1116_1116"></a><a href="#Footnote_1116_1116" class="fnanchor">1116</a> of Arpinum, a -general who had risen from the ranks!<a id="FNanchor_1117_1117"></a><a href="#Footnote_1117_1117" class="fnanchor">1117</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_54"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 54. (12.)—STATUES OF SILVER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It is generally believed, but erroneously, that silver was -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_137">137</a></span>first employed for making statues of the deified Emperor -Augustus, at a period when adulation was all the fashion: -for I find it stated, that in the triumph celebrated by Pompeius -Magnus there was a silver statue exhibited of Pharnaces, the -first<a id="FNanchor_1118_1118"></a><a href="#Footnote_1118_1118" class="fnanchor">1118</a> king of Pontus, as also one of Mithridates Eupator,<a id="FNanchor_1119_1119"></a><a href="#Footnote_1119_1119" class="fnanchor">1119</a> -besides chariots of gold and silver.</p> - -<p>Silver, too, has in some instances even supplanted gold; for -the luxurious tastes of the female plebeians having gone so far -as to adopt the use of shoe-buckles of gold,<a id="FNanchor_1120_1120"></a><a href="#Footnote_1120_1120" class="fnanchor">1120</a> it is considered old-fashioned -to wear them made of that metal.<a id="FNanchor_1121_1121"></a><a href="#Footnote_1121_1121" class="fnanchor">1121</a> I myself, too, -have seen Arellius Fuscus<a id="FNanchor_1122_1122"></a><a href="#Footnote_1122_1122" class="fnanchor">1122</a>—the person whose name was erased -from the equestrian order on a singularly calumnious charge,<a id="FNanchor_1123_1123"></a><a href="#Footnote_1123_1123" class="fnanchor">1123</a> -when his school was so thronged by our youth, attracted -thither by his celebrity—wearing rings made of silver. But -of what use is it to collect all these instances, when our very -soldiers, holding ivory even in contempt, have the hilts of -their swords made of chased silver? when, too, their scabbards -are heard to jingle with their silver chains, and their belts -with the plates of silver with which they are inlaid?</p> - -<p>At the present day, too, the continence of our very pages is -secured by the aid of silver:<a id="FNanchor_1124_1124"></a><a href="#Footnote_1124_1124" class="fnanchor">1124</a> our women, when bathing, -quite despise any sitting-bath that is not made of silver: -while for serving up food at table, as well as for the most -unseemly purposes, the same metal must be equally employed! -Would that Fabricius could behold these instances of luxuriousness, -the baths of our women—bathing as they do in -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_138">138</a></span>company with the men—paved with silver to such an extent -that there is not room left for the sole of the foot even! -Fabricius, I say, who would allow of no general of an army -having any other plate than a patera and a salt-cellar of silver.—Oh -that he could see how that the rewards of valour in our -day are either composed of these objects of luxury, or else -are broken up to make them!<a id="FNanchor_1125_1125"></a><a href="#Footnote_1125_1125" class="fnanchor">1125</a> Alas for the morals of our -age! Fabricius puts us to the blush.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 55.—THE MOST REMARKABLE WORKS IN SILVER, AND THE -NAMES OF THE MOST FAMOUS ARTISTS IN SILVER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It is a remarkable fact that the art of chasing gold should -have conferred no celebrity upon any person, while that of -embossing silver has rendered many illustrious. The greatest -renown, however, has been acquired by Mentor, of whom -mention has been made already.<a id="FNanchor_1126_1126"></a><a href="#Footnote_1126_1126" class="fnanchor">1126</a> Four pairs [of vases] were -all that were ever<a id="FNanchor_1127_1127"></a><a href="#Footnote_1127_1127" class="fnanchor">1127</a> made by him; and at the present day, not -one of these, it is said, is any longer in existence, owing to -the conflagrations of the Temple of Diana at Ephesus and of -that in the Capitol.<a id="FNanchor_1128_1128"></a><a href="#Footnote_1128_1128" class="fnanchor">1128</a> Varro informs us in his writings that he -also was in possession of a bronze statue, the work of this -artist. Next to Mentor, the most admired artists were Acragas,<a id="FNanchor_1129_1129"></a><a href="#Footnote_1129_1129" class="fnanchor">1129</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_139">139</a></span>Boëthus,<a id="FNanchor_1130_1130"></a><a href="#Footnote_1130_1130" class="fnanchor">1130</a> and Mys.<a id="FNanchor_1131_1131"></a><a href="#Footnote_1131_1131" class="fnanchor">1131</a> Works of all these artists are still -extant in the Isle of Rhodes; of Boëthus, in the Temple of -Minerva, at Lindus; of Acragas, in the Temple of Father -Liber, at Rhodes, consisting of cups engraved with figures in -relief of Centaurs and Bacchantes; and of Mys, in the same -temple, figures of Sileni and Cupids. Representations also -of the chase by Acragas on drinking cups were held in high -estimation.</p> - -<p>Next to these in repute comes Calamis.<a id="FNanchor_1132_1132"></a><a href="#Footnote_1132_1132" class="fnanchor">1132</a> Antipater<a id="FNanchor_1133_1133"></a><a href="#Footnote_1133_1133" class="fnanchor">1133</a> too, it -has been said, laid, rather than engraved,<a id="FNanchor_1134_1134"></a><a href="#Footnote_1134_1134" class="fnanchor">1134</a> a Sleeping Satyr -upon a drinking-bowl.<a id="FNanchor_1135_1135"></a><a href="#Footnote_1135_1135" class="fnanchor">1135</a> Next to these come Stratonicus<a id="FNanchor_1136_1136"></a><a href="#Footnote_1136_1136" class="fnanchor">1136</a> of -Cyzicus, and Tauriscus:<a id="FNanchor_1137_1137"></a><a href="#Footnote_1137_1137" class="fnanchor">1137</a> Ariston<a id="FNanchor_1138_1138"></a><a href="#Footnote_1138_1138" class="fnanchor">1138</a> also, and Eunicus,<a id="FNanchor_1139_1139"></a><a href="#Footnote_1139_1139" class="fnanchor">1139</a> of -Mytilene are highly praised; Hecatæus<a id="FNanchor_1140_1140"></a><a href="#Footnote_1140_1140" class="fnanchor">1140</a> also, and, about the -age of Pompeius Magnus, Pasiteles,<a id="FNanchor_1141_1141"></a><a href="#Footnote_1141_1141" class="fnanchor">1141</a> Posidonius<a id="FNanchor_1142_1142"></a><a href="#Footnote_1142_1142" class="fnanchor">1142</a> of Ephesus, -Hedystratides<a id="FNanchor_1143_1143"></a><a href="#Footnote_1143_1143" class="fnanchor">1143</a> who engraved battle-scenes and armed warriors, -and Zopyrus,<a id="FNanchor_1144_1144"></a><a href="#Footnote_1144_1144" class="fnanchor">1144</a> who represented the Court of the Areopagus -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_140">140</a></span>and the trial of Orestes,<a id="FNanchor_1145_1145"></a><a href="#Footnote_1145_1145" class="fnanchor">1145</a> upon two cups valued at twelve -thousand sesterces. There was Pytheas<a id="FNanchor_1146_1146"></a><a href="#Footnote_1146_1146" class="fnanchor">1146</a> also, a work of -whose sold at the rate of ten thousand denarii for two -ounces: it was a drinking-bowl, the figures on which represented -Ulysses and Diomedes stealing the Palladium.<a id="FNanchor_1147_1147"></a><a href="#Footnote_1147_1147" class="fnanchor">1147</a> The -same artist engraved also, upon some small drinking-vessels, -kitchen scenes,<a id="FNanchor_1148_1148"></a><a href="#Footnote_1148_1148" class="fnanchor">1148</a> known as “magiriscia;”<a id="FNanchor_1149_1149"></a><a href="#Footnote_1149_1149" class="fnanchor">1149</a> of such remarkably -fine workmanship and so liable to injury, that it was quite -impossible to take copies<a id="FNanchor_1150_1150"></a><a href="#Footnote_1150_1150" class="fnanchor">1150</a> of them. Teucer too, the inlayer,<a id="FNanchor_1151_1151"></a><a href="#Footnote_1151_1151" class="fnanchor">1151</a> -enjoyed a great reputation.</p> - -<p>All at once, however, this art became so lost in point of -excellence, that at the present day ancient specimens are the -only ones at all valued; and only those pieces of plate are held -in esteem the designs on which are so much worn that the -figures cannot be distinguished.</p> - -<p>Silver becomes tainted by the contact of mineral waters, -and of the salt exhalations from them, as in the interior of -Spain, for instance.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 56.—SIL: THE PERSONS WHO FIRST USED IT IN PAINTING, -AND THE METHOD THEY ADOPTED.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the mines of gold and silver there are some other pigments -also found, sil<a id="FNanchor_1152_1152"></a><a href="#Footnote_1152_1152" class="fnanchor">1152</a> and cæruleum. Sil is, properly speaking, -a sort of slime.<a id="FNanchor_1153_1153"></a><a href="#Footnote_1153_1153" class="fnanchor">1153</a> The best kind is that known as Attic -sil; the price of which is two denarii per pound. The next best -kind is the marbled<a id="FNanchor_1154_1154"></a><a href="#Footnote_1154_1154" class="fnanchor">1154</a> sil, the price of which is half that of the -Attic kind. A third sort is the compressed sil, known to some -persons as Scyric sil, it coming from the Isle of Scyros. -Then, too, there is the sil of Achaia, which painters make use -of for shadow-painting, and the price of which is two sesterces -per pound. At a price of two asses less per pound, is sold the -clear<a id="FNanchor_1155_1155"></a><a href="#Footnote_1155_1155" class="fnanchor">1155</a> <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_141">141</a></span>sil, which comes from Gaul. This last kind, as well as -the Attic sil, is used for painting strong lights: but the marbled -sil only is employed for colouring compartitions,<a id="FNanchor_1156_1156"></a><a href="#Footnote_1156_1156" class="fnanchor">1156</a> the -marble in it offering a resistance to the natural acridity of the -lime. This last kind is extracted also from some mountains -twenty miles distant from the City. When thus extracted, -it is submitted to the action of fire; in which form it is adulterated -by some, and sold for compressed sil. That it has been -burnt, however, and adulterated, may be very easily detected by -its acridity, and the fact that it very soon crumbles into dust.</p> - -<p>Polygnotus<a id="FNanchor_1157_1157"></a><a href="#Footnote_1157_1157" class="fnanchor">1157</a> and Micon<a id="FNanchor_1158_1158"></a><a href="#Footnote_1158_1158" class="fnanchor">1158</a> were the first to employ sil in -painting, but that of Attica solely. The succeeding age used -this last kind for strong lights only, and employed the Scyric -and Lydian kinds for shadow painting. The Lydian sil used -to be bought at Sardes; but at the present day we hear -nothing of it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 57. (13.)—CÆRULEUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Cæruleum<a id="FNanchor_1159_1159"></a><a href="#Footnote_1159_1159" class="fnanchor">1159</a> is a kind of sand. In former times there were -three kinds of it; the Egyptian, which was the most esteemed -of all; the Scythian, which is easily dissolved, and which -produces four colours when pounded, one of a lighter blue -and one of a darker blue, one of a thicker consistency and -one comparatively thin;<a id="FNanchor_1160_1160"></a><a href="#Footnote_1160_1160" class="fnanchor">1160</a> and the Cyprian, which is now preferred -as a colour to the preceding. Since then, the kinds -imported from Puteoli and Spain have been added to the list, -this sand having of late been prepared there. Every kind,<a id="FNanchor_1161_1161"></a><a href="#Footnote_1161_1161" class="fnanchor">1161</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_142">142</a></span>however, is submitted to a dyeing process, it being boiled with -a plant<a id="FNanchor_1162_1162"></a><a href="#Footnote_1162_1162" class="fnanchor">1162</a> used particularly for this purpose,<a id="FNanchor_1163_1163"></a><a href="#Footnote_1163_1163" class="fnanchor">1163</a> and imbibing its -juices. In other respects, the mode of preparing it is similar -to that of chrysocolla. From cæruleum, too, is prepared the -substance known as “lomentum,”<a id="FNanchor_1164_1164"></a><a href="#Footnote_1164_1164" class="fnanchor">1164</a> it being washed and -ground for the purpose. Lomentum is of a paler tint than -cæruleum; the price of it is ten denarii per pound, and that -of cæruleum but eight. Cæruleum is used upon a surface -of clay, for upon lime it will not hold. A more recent -invention is the Vestorian<a id="FNanchor_1165_1165"></a><a href="#Footnote_1165_1165" class="fnanchor">1165</a> cæruleum, so called from the -person who first manufactured it: it is prepared from the finer -parts of Egyptian cæruleum, and the price of it is eleven -denarii per pound. That of Puteoli is used in a similar -manner,<a id="FNanchor_1166_1166"></a><a href="#Footnote_1166_1166" class="fnanchor">1166</a> as also for windows:<a id="FNanchor_1167_1167"></a><a href="#Footnote_1167_1167" class="fnanchor">1167</a> it is known as “cylon.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_143">143</a></span></p> - -<p>It is not so long since that indicum<a id="FNanchor_1168_1168"></a><a href="#Footnote_1168_1168" class="fnanchor">1168</a> was first imported to -Rome, the price being seventeen<a id="FNanchor_1169_1169"></a><a href="#Footnote_1169_1169" class="fnanchor">1169</a> denarii per pound. Painters -make use of it for incisures, or in other words, the division of -shadows from light. There is also a lomentum of very inferior -quality, known to us as “ground” lomentum, and valued -at only five asses per pound.</p> - -<p>The mode of testing the genuineness of cæruleum, is to see -whether it emits a flame, on being laid upon burning coals. -One method of adulterating it is to boil dried violets in water, -and then to strain the liquor through linen into Eretrian<a id="FNanchor_1170_1170"></a><a href="#Footnote_1170_1170" class="fnanchor">1170</a> -clay.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_58"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 58.—TWO REMEDIES DERIVED FROM CÆRULEUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Cæruleum has the medicinal property of acting as a detergent -upon ulcers. Hence it is, that it is used as an ingredient -in plasters, as also in cauteries. As to sil, it is pounded with -the greatest difficulty: viewed as a medicament, it is slightly -mordent and astringent, and fills up the cavities left by ulcers. -To make it the more serviceable, it is burnt in earthen -vessels.</p> - -<p>The prices of things, which I have in different places -annexed, vary, I am well aware, according to the locality, and -experience a change almost every year: variations dependent -upon the opportunities afforded for navigation, and the terms -upon which the merchant may have purchased the article. It -may so happen, too, that some wealthy dealer has engrossed -the market, and so enhanced the price: for I am by no means -forgetful of the case of Demetrius, who in the reign of the -Emperor Nero was accused before the consuls by the whole -community of the Seplasia.<a id="FNanchor_1171_1171"></a><a href="#Footnote_1171_1171" class="fnanchor">1171</a> Still, however, I have thought -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_144">144</a></span>it necessary to annex the usual price of each commodity at -Rome, in order to give some idea of their relative values.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Summary.</span>—Remedies, narratives, and observations, one -thousand one hundred and twenty-five.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Roman Authors quoted.</span>—Domitianus Cæsar,<a id="FNanchor_1172_1172"></a><a href="#Footnote_1172_1172" class="fnanchor">1172</a> Junius Gracchanus,<a id="FNanchor_1173_1173"></a><a href="#Footnote_1173_1173" class="fnanchor">1173</a> -L. Piso,<a id="FNanchor_1174_1174"></a><a href="#Footnote_1174_1174" class="fnanchor">1174</a> Verrius,<a id="FNanchor_1175_1175"></a><a href="#Footnote_1175_1175" class="fnanchor">1175</a> M. Varro,<a id="FNanchor_1176_1176"></a><a href="#Footnote_1176_1176" class="fnanchor">1176</a> Corvinus,<a id="FNanchor_1177_1177"></a><a href="#Footnote_1177_1177" class="fnanchor">1177</a> Atticus -Pomponius,<a id="FNanchor_1178_1178"></a><a href="#Footnote_1178_1178" class="fnanchor">1178</a> Calvus Licinius,<a id="FNanchor_1179_1179"></a><a href="#Footnote_1179_1179" class="fnanchor">1179</a> Cornelius Nepos,<a id="FNanchor_1180_1180"></a><a href="#Footnote_1180_1180" class="fnanchor">1180</a> Mucianus,<a id="FNanchor_1181_1181"></a><a href="#Footnote_1181_1181" class="fnanchor">1181</a> -Bocchus,<a id="FNanchor_1182_1182"></a><a href="#Footnote_1182_1182" class="fnanchor">1182</a> Fetialis,<a id="FNanchor_1183_1183"></a><a href="#Footnote_1183_1183" class="fnanchor">1183</a> Fenestella,<a id="FNanchor_1184_1184"></a><a href="#Footnote_1184_1184" class="fnanchor">1184</a> Valerius Maximus,<a id="FNanchor_1185_1185"></a><a href="#Footnote_1185_1185" class="fnanchor">1185</a> Julius -Bassus<a id="FNanchor_1186_1186"></a><a href="#Footnote_1186_1186" class="fnanchor">1186</a> who wrote on Medicine in Greek, Sextius Niger<a id="FNanchor_1187_1187"></a><a href="#Footnote_1187_1187" class="fnanchor">1187</a> -who did the same.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Foreign Authors quoted.</span>—Theophrastus,<a id="FNanchor_1188_1188"></a><a href="#Footnote_1188_1188" class="fnanchor">1188</a> Democritus,<a id="FNanchor_1189_1189"></a><a href="#Footnote_1189_1189" class="fnanchor">1189</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_145">145</a></span>Juba,<a id="FNanchor_1190_1190"></a><a href="#Footnote_1190_1190" class="fnanchor">1190</a> Timæus<a id="FNanchor_1191_1191"></a><a href="#Footnote_1191_1191" class="fnanchor">1191</a> the historian, who wrote on Metallic Medicines, -Heraclides,<a id="FNanchor_1192_1192"></a><a href="#Footnote_1192_1192" class="fnanchor">1192</a> Andreas,<a id="FNanchor_1193_1193"></a><a href="#Footnote_1193_1193" class="fnanchor">1193</a> Diagoras,<a id="FNanchor_1194_1194"></a><a href="#Footnote_1194_1194" class="fnanchor">1194</a> Botrys,<a id="FNanchor_1195_1195"></a><a href="#Footnote_1195_1195" class="fnanchor">1195</a> Archidemus,<a id="FNanchor_1196_1196"></a><a href="#Footnote_1196_1196" class="fnanchor">1196</a> -Dionysius,<a id="FNanchor_1197_1197"></a><a href="#Footnote_1197_1197" class="fnanchor">1197</a> Aristogenes,<a id="FNanchor_1198_1198"></a><a href="#Footnote_1198_1198" class="fnanchor">1198</a> Democles,<a id="FNanchor_1199_1199"></a><a href="#Footnote_1199_1199" class="fnanchor">1199</a> Mnesides,<a id="FNanchor_1200_1200"></a><a href="#Footnote_1200_1200" class="fnanchor">1200</a> Attalus<a id="FNanchor_1201_1201"></a><a href="#Footnote_1201_1201" class="fnanchor">1201</a> -the physician, Xenocrates<a id="FNanchor_1202_1202"></a><a href="#Footnote_1202_1202" class="fnanchor">1202</a> the son of Zeno, Theomnestus,<a id="FNanchor_1203_1203"></a><a href="#Footnote_1203_1203" class="fnanchor">1203</a> -Nymphodorus,<a id="FNanchor_1204_1204"></a><a href="#Footnote_1204_1204" class="fnanchor">1204</a> Iollas,<a id="FNanchor_1205_1205"></a><a href="#Footnote_1205_1205" class="fnanchor">1205</a> Apollodorus,<a id="FNanchor_1206_1206"></a><a href="#Footnote_1206_1206" class="fnanchor">1206</a> Pasiteles<a id="FNanchor_1207_1207"></a><a href="#Footnote_1207_1207" class="fnanchor">1207</a> -who wrote on Wonderful Works, Antigonus<a id="FNanchor_1208_1208"></a><a href="#Footnote_1208_1208" class="fnanchor">1208</a> who wrote on -the Toreutic art, Menæchmus<a id="FNanchor_1209_1209"></a><a href="#Footnote_1209_1209" class="fnanchor">1209</a> <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_146">146</a></span>who did the same, Xenocrates<a id="FNanchor_1210_1210"></a><a href="#Footnote_1210_1210" class="fnanchor">1210</a> -who did the same, Duris<a id="FNanchor_1211_1211"></a><a href="#Footnote_1211_1211" class="fnanchor">1211</a> who did the same, Menander<a id="FNanchor_1212_1212"></a><a href="#Footnote_1212_1212" class="fnanchor">1212</a> who -wrote on Toreutics, Heliodorus<a id="FNanchor_1213_1213"></a><a href="#Footnote_1213_1213" class="fnanchor">1213</a> who wrote on the Votive Offerings -of the Athenians, Metrodorus<a id="FNanchor_1214_1214"></a><a href="#Footnote_1214_1214" class="fnanchor">1214</a> of Scepsis.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_147">147</a></span></p> -<h2 id="BOOK_XXXIV">BOOK XXXIV.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.</span></h2> - -<h3 class="section nobreak" id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_1"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 1. (1.)—THE ORES OF BRASS.<a id="FNanchor_1215_1215"></a><a href="#Footnote_1215_1215" class="fnanchor">1215</a></span></h3></div> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">We</span> must, in the next place, give an account of the ores of -brass,<a id="FNanchor_1216_1216"></a><a href="#Footnote_1216_1216" class="fnanchor">1216</a> a metal which, in respect of utility, is next in value; -indeed the Corinthian brass comes before silver, not to say -almost before gold itself. It is also, as I have stated above,<a id="FNanchor_1217_1217"></a><a href="#Footnote_1217_1217" class="fnanchor">1217</a> -the standard of monetary value;<a id="FNanchor_1218_1218"></a><a href="#Footnote_1218_1218" class="fnanchor">1218</a> hence the terms “æra militum,” -“tribuni ærarii,” “ærarium,” “obærati,” and “ære -diruti.”<a id="FNanchor_1219_1219"></a><a href="#Footnote_1219_1219" class="fnanchor">1219</a> I have already mentioned for what length of time -the Roman people employed no coin except brass;<a id="FNanchor_1220_1220"></a><a href="#Footnote_1220_1220" class="fnanchor">1220</a> and there is -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_148">148</a></span>another ancient fact which proves that the esteem in which it -was held was of equal antiquity with that of the City itself, -the circumstance that the third associated body<a id="FNanchor_1221_1221"></a><a href="#Footnote_1221_1221" class="fnanchor">1221</a> which Numa -established, was that of the braziers.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_2"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 2.—THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COPPER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The ore is extracted in the mode that has been described -above,<a id="FNanchor_1222_1222"></a><a href="#Footnote_1222_1222" class="fnanchor">1222</a> and is then purified by fusion. The metal is also -obtained from a coppery stone called “cadmia.”<a id="FNanchor_1223_1223"></a><a href="#Footnote_1223_1223" class="fnanchor">1223</a> The most -highly esteemed copper is procured from beyond seas: it was -formerly obtained in Campania also, and at present is found in -the country of the Bergomates,<a id="FNanchor_1224_1224"></a><a href="#Footnote_1224_1224" class="fnanchor">1224</a> at the extremity of Italy. -It is said to have been lately discovered also in the province of -Germany.</p> - -<p>(2.) In Cyprus, where copper was first discovered, it is also procured -from another stone, which is called “chalcitis.”<a id="FNanchor_1225_1225"></a><a href="#Footnote_1225_1225" class="fnanchor">1225</a> This, -however, was afterwards considered of little value, a better -kind having been found in other regions, especially that called -“aurichalcum,”<a id="FNanchor_1226_1226"></a><a href="#Footnote_1226_1226" class="fnanchor">1226</a> which was long in high request, on account of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_149">149</a></span>its excellent quality; but none of it has been found for this -long time, the earth having been quite exhausted. The kind -which was next in value was the Sallustian,<a id="FNanchor_1227_1227"></a><a href="#Footnote_1227_1227" class="fnanchor">1227</a> procured from -the Alpine district of the Centrones;<a id="FNanchor_1228_1228"></a><a href="#Footnote_1228_1228" class="fnanchor">1228</a> but this did not last -long, and was succeeded by the Livian, in Gaul. They both -took their names from the owners of the mines; the former a -friend of the Emperor Augustus, the latter that emperor’s -wife.<a id="FNanchor_1229_1229"></a><a href="#Footnote_1229_1229" class="fnanchor">1229</a> They soon failed, however, and in the Livian even -there is now found but a very small quantity of ore. That -which is at present held in the highest estimation is the -Marian, likewise known as the Corduban;<a id="FNanchor_1230_1230"></a><a href="#Footnote_1230_1230" class="fnanchor">1230</a> next to the Livian, -this kind most readily absorbs cadmia, and becomes almost as -excellent as aurichalcum<a id="FNanchor_1231_1231"></a><a href="#Footnote_1231_1231" class="fnanchor">1231</a> for making sesterces and double -asses,<a id="FNanchor_1232_1232"></a><a href="#Footnote_1232_1232" class="fnanchor">1232</a> the Cyprian copper being thought good enough for the -as. Thus much concerning the natural qualities of this metal.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_3"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 3.—THE CORINTHIAN BRASS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The other kinds are made artificially, all of which will be -described in the appropriate places, the more celebrated kinds -first coming under our notice. Formerly a mixture was made -of copper fused with gold and silver, and the workmanship in -this metal was considered even more valuable than the material -itself; but, at the present day, it is difficult to say -whether the workmanship in it, or the material, is the worst. -Indeed, it is wonderful, that while the value of these works<a id="FNanchor_1233_1233"></a><a href="#Footnote_1233_1233" class="fnanchor">1233</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_150">150</a></span>has so infinitely increased, the reputation of the art itself<a id="FNanchor_1234_1234"></a><a href="#Footnote_1234_1234" class="fnanchor">1234</a> is -nearly extinct. But it would appear, that in this, as in every -thing else, what was formerly done for the sake of reputation, -is now undertaken for the mere purpose of gain. For -whereas this art was ascribed to the gods<a id="FNanchor_1235_1235"></a><a href="#Footnote_1235_1235" class="fnanchor">1235</a> themselves, and -men of rank in all countries endeavoured to acquire fame by -the practice of it, we have now so entirely lost the method of -making this valuable compound by fusion, that, for this long -time past, not even chance itself has assumed, in this department, -the privilege which formerly belonged to art.<a id="FNanchor_1236_1236"></a><a href="#Footnote_1236_1236" class="fnanchor">1236</a></p> - -<p>Next after the above compound, so celebrated in antiquity, -the Corinthian metal has been the most highly esteemed. This -was a compound produced by accident, when Corinth was burnt -at the time of its capture.<a id="FNanchor_1237_1237"></a><a href="#Footnote_1237_1237" class="fnanchor">1237</a> There has been a wonderful mania -with many for gaining possession of this metal. It is even said, -that Verres, whom M. Cicero caused to be condemned, was -proscribed by Antonius, along with Cicero, for no other reason -than his refusal to give up some specimens of Corinthian metal, -which were in his possession. But most of these people seem -to me to make a pretence of their discernment in reference to -this metal, rather for the purpose of distinguishing themselves -from the multitude, than from any real knowledge which they -possess; and this I will briefly show.</p> - -<p>Corinth was captured in the third year of the 158th -Olympiad, being the year of the City, 608,<a id="FNanchor_1238_1238"></a><a href="#Footnote_1238_1238" class="fnanchor">1238</a> some ages after the -period when those artists flourished, who produced all the -specimens of what these persons now call Corinthian metal. -It is in order, therefore, to refute this opinion, that I shall -state the age when these different artists lived; for, if we -reckon according to the above-mentioned era of the Olympiads, -it will be easy to compare their dates with the corresponding -years of our City. The only genuine Corinthian vessels, then, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_151">151</a></span>are those which these men of taste metamorphose, sometimes -into dishes, sometimes into lamps, or even into washing-basins,<a id="FNanchor_1239_1239"></a><a href="#Footnote_1239_1239" class="fnanchor">1239</a> -without any regard to decency. They are of three -kinds; the white variety, approaching very nearly to the -splendour of silver, and in which that metal forms a large -proportion of the compound; a second kind, in which the -yellow colour of gold predominates; and a third, in which all -the metals are mixed in equal proportions. Besides these, -there is another mixture, the composition of which it is impossible -to describe, for although it has been formed into -images and statues by the hand of man, it is chance that rules -in the formation of the compound. This last is highly prized -for its colour, which approaches to that of liver, and it is -on this account that it is called “hepatizon:”<a id="FNanchor_1240_1240"></a><a href="#Footnote_1240_1240" class="fnanchor">1240</a> it is far inferior -to the Corinthian metal, but much superior to the -Æginetan and Delian, which long held the first rank.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_4"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 4.—THE DELIAN BRASS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The Delian brass was the first<a id="FNanchor_1241_1241"></a><a href="#Footnote_1241_1241" class="fnanchor">1241</a> that became famous, all the -world coming to Delos to purchase it; and hence the attention -paid to the manufacture of it. It was in this island that -brass first obtained celebrity for the manufacture of the feet -and supports of dining-couches. After some time it came -to be employed for the statues of the gods, and the effigies of -men and other animated beings.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_5"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 5.—THE ÆGINETAN BRASS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The next most esteemed brass was the Æginetan; the -island itself being rendered famous for its brass—not indeed -that the metal was produced there, but because the annealing -of the Æginetan manufactories was so excellent. A brazen -Ox, which was taken from this island, now stands in the -Forum Boarium<a id="FNanchor_1242_1242"></a><a href="#Footnote_1242_1242" class="fnanchor">1242</a> at Rome. This is a specimen of the -Æginetan metal, as the Jupiter in the Temple of Jupiter -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_152">152</a></span>Tonans, in the Capitol, is of the Delian. Myron<a id="FNanchor_1243_1243"></a><a href="#Footnote_1243_1243" class="fnanchor">1243</a> used the -former metal and Polycletus<a id="FNanchor_1244_1244"></a><a href="#Footnote_1244_1244" class="fnanchor">1244</a> the latter; they were contemporaries -and fellow-pupils, but there was great rivalry between -them as to their materials.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_6"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 6. (3.)—STANDS FOR LAMPS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Ægina was particularly famous for the manufacture of -sockets only for lamp-stands, as Tarentum was for that of the -branches;<a id="FNanchor_1245_1245"></a><a href="#Footnote_1245_1245" class="fnanchor">1245</a> the most complete articles were, therefore, produced -by the union of the two. There are persons, too, who -are not ashamed to give for one a sum equal to the salary of -a military tribune,<a id="FNanchor_1246_1246"></a><a href="#Footnote_1246_1246" class="fnanchor">1246</a> although, as its name indicates, its only -use is to hold a lighted candle. On the sale of one of these -lamp-stands, Theon the public crier announced, that the purchaser -must also take, as part of the lot, one Clesippus, a -fuller, who was hump-backed, and in other respects, of a -hideous aspect. The purchase was made by a female named<a id="FNanchor_1247_1247"></a><a href="#Footnote_1247_1247" class="fnanchor">1247</a> -Gegania, for fifty thousand sesterces. Upon her exhibiting -these purchases at an entertainment which she gave, the -slave, for the amusement of her guests, was brought in naked. -Conceiving an infamous passion for him, she first admitted -him to her bed, and finally left him all her estate. Having -thus become excessively rich, he adored the lamp-stand as -much as any divinity, and the story became a sort of pendant -to the celebrity of the Corinthian lamp-stands. Still, however, -good morals were vindicated in the end, for he erected a -splendid monument to her memory, and so kept alive the eternal -remembrance of the misconduct of Gegania. But although -it is well known that there are no lamp-stands in existence -made of the Corinthian metal, yet this name is very generally -attached to them, because, in consequence of the victory of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_153">153</a></span>Mummius,<a id="FNanchor_1248_1248"></a><a href="#Footnote_1248_1248" class="fnanchor">1248</a> Corinth was destroyed: at the same time, however, -it should be remembered that this victory dispersed a number -of bronzes which originally came from many other cities of -Achaia.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_7"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 7.—ORNAMENTS OF THE TEMPLES MADE OF BRASS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The ancients were in the habit of making the door-sills and -even the doors of the temples of brass. I find it stated, also, -that Cneius Octavius, who obtained a naval triumph over King -Perseus,<a id="FNanchor_1249_1249"></a><a href="#Footnote_1249_1249" class="fnanchor">1249</a> erected the double portico to the Flaminian Circus, -which was called the “Corinthian” from the brazen capitals of -the pillars.<a id="FNanchor_1250_1250"></a><a href="#Footnote_1250_1250" class="fnanchor">1250</a> It is stated also, that an ordinance was made that -the Temple of Vesta<a id="FNanchor_1251_1251"></a><a href="#Footnote_1251_1251" class="fnanchor">1251</a> should be covered with a coating of -Syracusan metal. The capitals, too, of the pillars, which were -placed by M. Agrippa in the Pantheon, are made of similar -metal. Even the opulence, too, of private individuals has -been wrested to similar purposes. Spurius Carvilius, the -quæstor, among the other charges which he brought against -Camillus,<a id="FNanchor_1252_1252"></a><a href="#Footnote_1252_1252" class="fnanchor">1252</a> accused him of having brazen doors in his house.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_8"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 8.—COUCHES OF BRASS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We learn from L. Piso,<a id="FNanchor_1253_1253"></a><a href="#Footnote_1253_1253" class="fnanchor">1253</a> that Cneius Manlius was the first who -introduced brazen banquetting-couches, buffets, and tables -with single feet,<a id="FNanchor_1254_1254"></a><a href="#Footnote_1254_1254" class="fnanchor">1254</a> when he entered the City in triumph, in the -year of Rome 567, after his conquests in Asia. We also -learn from Antias,<a id="FNanchor_1255_1255"></a><a href="#Footnote_1255_1255" class="fnanchor">1255</a> that the heirs of L. Crassus, the orator, -sold a number of banquetting-couches adorned with brass. The -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_154">154</a></span>tripods,<a id="FNanchor_1256_1256"></a><a href="#Footnote_1256_1256" class="fnanchor">1256</a> which were called Delphian, because they were -devoted more particularly to receiving the offerings that were -presented to the Delphian Apollo, were usually made of brass: -also the pendant lamps,<a id="FNanchor_1257_1257"></a><a href="#Footnote_1257_1257" class="fnanchor">1257</a> so much admired, which were placed -in the temples, or gave their light in the form of trees loaded -with fruit; such as the one, for instance, in the Temple of the -Palatine Apollo,<a id="FNanchor_1258_1258"></a><a href="#Footnote_1258_1258" class="fnanchor">1258</a> which Alexander the Great, at the sacking -of Thebes, brought to Cyme,<a id="FNanchor_1259_1259"></a><a href="#Footnote_1259_1259" class="fnanchor">1259</a> and dedicated to that god.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_9"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 9. (4.)—WHICH WAS THE FIRST STATUE OF A GOD MADE OF -BRASS AT ROME. THE ORIGIN OF STATUES, AND THE RESPECT -PAID TO THEM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>But after some time the artists everywhere applied themselves -to representations of the gods. I find that the first -brass image, which was made at Rome, was that of Ceres; -and that the expenses were defrayed out of the property that -belonged to Spurius Cassius, who was put to death by his own -father, for aspiring to the regal office.<a id="FNanchor_1260_1260"></a><a href="#Footnote_1260_1260" class="fnanchor">1260</a> The practice, however, -soon passed from the gods to the statues and representations -of men, and this in various forms. The ancients stained -their statues with bitumen, which makes it the more remarkable -that they were afterwards fond of covering them with -gold. I do not know whether this was a Roman invention; -but it certainly has the repute of being an ancient practice at -Rome.</p> - -<p>It was not the custom in former times to give the likeness -of individuals, except of such as deserved to be held in lasting -remembrance on account of some illustrious deed; in the first -instance, for a victory at the sacred games, and more particularly -the Olympic Games, where it was the usage for the victors -always to have their statues consecrated. And if any one was -so fortunate as to obtain the prize there three times, his statue -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_155">155</a></span>was made with the exact resemblance of every individual -limb; from which circumstance they were called “iconicæ.”<a id="FNanchor_1261_1261"></a><a href="#Footnote_1261_1261" class="fnanchor">1261</a> -I do not know whether the first public statues were not erected -by the Athenians, and in honour of Harmodius and Aristogiton, -who slew the tyrant;<a id="FNanchor_1262_1262"></a><a href="#Footnote_1262_1262" class="fnanchor">1262</a> an event which took place in -the same year in which the kings were expelled from Rome. -This custom, from a most praiseworthy emulation, was afterwards -adopted by all other nations; so that statues were -erected as ornaments in the public places of municipal towns, -and the memory of individuals was thus preserved, their -various honours being inscribed on the pedestals, to be read -there by posterity, and not on their tombs alone. After some -time, a kind of forum or public place came to be made in private -houses and in our halls, the clients adopting this method -of doing honour to their patrons.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_10"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 10. (5.)—THE DIFFERENT KINDS AND FORMS OF STATUES. -STATUES AT ROME WITH CUIRASSES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In former times the statues that were thus dedicated were -clad in the toga.<a id="FNanchor_1263_1263"></a><a href="#Footnote_1263_1263" class="fnanchor">1263</a> Naked statues also, brandishing a spear, -after the manner of the youths at their gymnastic exercises, -were much admired; these were called “Achillean.” The -Greek practice is, not to cover any part of the body; while, -on the contrary, the Roman and the military statues have the -addition of a cuirass. Cæsar, the Dictator, permitted a statue -with a cuirass to be erected in honour of him in his Forum.<a id="FNanchor_1264_1264"></a><a href="#Footnote_1264_1264" class="fnanchor">1264</a> As -to the statues which are made in the garb of the Luperci,<a id="FNanchor_1265_1265"></a><a href="#Footnote_1265_1265" class="fnanchor">1265</a> -they are of no older date than those which have been lately -erected, covered with a cloak.<a id="FNanchor_1266_1266"></a><a href="#Footnote_1266_1266" class="fnanchor">1266</a> Mancinus gave directions, -that he should be represented in the dress which he wore when -he was surrendered to the enemy.<a id="FNanchor_1267_1267"></a><a href="#Footnote_1267_1267" class="fnanchor">1267</a> It has been remarked by -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_156">156</a></span>some authors, that L. Attius,<a id="FNanchor_1268_1268"></a><a href="#Footnote_1268_1268" class="fnanchor">1268</a> the poet, had a statue of himself -erected in the Temple of the Muses,<a id="FNanchor_1269_1269"></a><a href="#Footnote_1269_1269" class="fnanchor">1269</a> which was extremely -large, although he himself was very short.</p> - -<p>Equestrian statues are also held in esteem in Rome; but -they are of Greek origin, no doubt. Among the Greeks, those -persons only were honoured with equestrian statues who were -victors on horseback<a id="FNanchor_1270_1270"></a><a href="#Footnote_1270_1270" class="fnanchor">1270</a> in the sacred games; though afterwards -the same distinction was bestowed on those who were successful -in the races with chariots with two or four horses: hence -the use of chariots with us in the statues of those who have -triumphed. But this did not take place until a late period; -and it was not until the time of the late Emperor Augustus, -that we had chariots represented with six horses,<a id="FNanchor_1271_1271"></a><a href="#Footnote_1271_1271" class="fnanchor">1271</a> as also with -elephants.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_11"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 11.—IN HONOUR OF WHOM PUBLIC STATUES WERE FIRST -ERECTED: IN HONOUR OF WHOM THEY WERE FIRST PLACED ON -PILLARS: WHEN THE ROSTRA WERE FIRST ERECTED.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The custom of erecting chariots with two horses in honour -of those who had discharged the office of prætor, and had -passed round the Circus in a chariot, is not of ancient date. -That of placing statues on pillars is older, as it was done in -honour of C. Mænius,<a id="FNanchor_1272_1272"></a><a href="#Footnote_1272_1272" class="fnanchor">1272</a> who conquered the ancient Latins, to -whom the Romans by treaty gave one third of the spoil which -they had obtained. It was in the same consulship also, that the -“rostra” or beaks of the ships, which had been taken from -the Antiates when vanquished, were fixed to the tribunal; it -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_157">157</a></span>being the year of the City, 416.<a id="FNanchor_1273_1273"></a><a href="#Footnote_1273_1273" class="fnanchor">1273</a> The same thing was done -also by Caius Duillius, who was the first to obtain a naval -triumph over the Carthaginians: his column still remains -in the Forum.<a id="FNanchor_1274_1274"></a><a href="#Footnote_1274_1274" class="fnanchor">1274</a> I am not certain whether this honour was not -first conferred by the people on L. Minutius, the præfect of the -markets; whose statue was erected without the Trigeminian -Gate,<a id="FNanchor_1275_1275"></a><a href="#Footnote_1275_1275" class="fnanchor">1275</a> by means of a tax of the twelfth of an as<a id="FNanchor_1276_1276"></a><a href="#Footnote_1276_1276" class="fnanchor">1276</a> per head: -the same thing, however, had been previously done by the -senate, and it would have been a more distinguished honour -had it not had its origin on such frivolous occasions. The -statue of Attus Navius,<a id="FNanchor_1277_1277"></a><a href="#Footnote_1277_1277" class="fnanchor">1277</a> for example, was erected before the -senate-house, the pedestal of which was consumed when the -senate-house itself was burnt at the funeral of Publius Clodius.<a id="FNanchor_1278_1278"></a><a href="#Footnote_1278_1278" class="fnanchor">1278</a> -The statue of Hermodorus also, the Ephesian,<a id="FNanchor_1279_1279"></a><a href="#Footnote_1279_1279" class="fnanchor">1279</a> the -interpreter of the laws which were transcribed by the Decemvirs, -was erected by the public in the Comitium.<a id="FNanchor_1280_1280"></a><a href="#Footnote_1280_1280" class="fnanchor">1280</a></p> - -<p>It was for a very different, and more important reason, that -the statue of Horatius Cocles was erected, he having singly -prevented the enemy from passing the Sublician bridge:<a id="FNanchor_1281_1281"></a><a href="#Footnote_1281_1281" class="fnanchor">1281</a> a -statue which remains to this day. I am not at all surprized, -too, that statues of the Sibyl should have been erected -near the Rostra, even though three in number; one of which -was repaired by Sextus Pacuvius Taurus, ædile of the people, -and the other two by M. Messala. I should have considered these -and that of Attus Navius to have been the oldest, as having -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_158">158</a></span>been placed there in the time of Tarquinius Priscus, had there -not been in the Capitol the statues of the preceding kings.<a id="FNanchor_1282_1282"></a><a href="#Footnote_1282_1282" class="fnanchor">1282</a></p> - -<p>(6.) Among these we have the statues of Romulus and -Tatius without the tunic; as also that of Camillus, near the -Rostra. The equestrian statue of Marcius Tremulus, clad in the -toga, stood before the Temple of the Castors;<a id="FNanchor_1283_1283"></a><a href="#Footnote_1283_1283" class="fnanchor">1283</a> him who twice -subdued the Samnites, and by the capture of Anagnia delivered -the people from their tribute.<a id="FNanchor_1284_1284"></a><a href="#Footnote_1284_1284" class="fnanchor">1284</a> Among the most ancient are -those of Tullus Clœlius, Lucius Roscius, Spurius Nautius, -and C. Fulcinus, near the Rostra, all of whom were assassinated -by the Fidenates, when on their mission as ambassadors.<a id="FNanchor_1285_1285"></a><a href="#Footnote_1285_1285" class="fnanchor">1285</a> -It was the custom with the republic to confer this -honour on those who had been unjustly put to death; such as P. -Junius, also, and Titus Coruncanius, who were slain by Teuta, -queen of the Illyrians.<a id="FNanchor_1286_1286"></a><a href="#Footnote_1286_1286" class="fnanchor">1286</a> It would be wrong not to mention -what is stated in the Annals, that their statues, erected in -the Forum, were three feet in height; whence it would appear -that such were the dimensions of these marks of honour in -those times.</p> - -<p>Nor must I forget to mention Cneius Octavius, on account of -the language used by the Senate.<a id="FNanchor_1287_1287"></a><a href="#Footnote_1287_1287" class="fnanchor">1287</a> When King Antiochus -said, that he would give him an answer at another time, Octavius -drew a line round him with a stick, which he happened -to have in his hand, and compelled him to give an answer -before he allowed him to step beyond the circle. Octavius -being slain<a id="FNanchor_1288_1288"></a><a href="#Footnote_1288_1288" class="fnanchor">1288</a> while on this embassy, the senate ordered his -statue to be placed in the most conspicuous<a id="FNanchor_1289_1289"></a><a href="#Footnote_1289_1289" class="fnanchor">1289</a> spot; and that -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_159">159</a></span>spot was the Rostra. A statue appears also to have been decreed -to Taracia Caia, or Furetia, a Vestal Virgin, the same, too, to be -placed wherever she might think fit; an additional honour, no -less remarkable, it is thought, than the grant itself of a statue to -a female. I will state her merits in the words of the Annals: -“Because she had gratuitously presented to the public the field -bordering on the Tiber.”<a id="FNanchor_1290_1290"></a><a href="#Footnote_1290_1290" class="fnanchor">1290</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_12"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 12.—IN HONOUR OF WHAT FOREIGNERS PUBLIC STATUES -WERE ERECTED AT ROME.</span></h3></div> - -<p>I find also, that statues were erected in honour of Pythagoras -and of Alcibiades, in the corners of the Comitium; in obedience -to the command of the Pythian Apollo, who, in the -Samnite War,<a id="FNanchor_1291_1291"></a><a href="#Footnote_1291_1291" class="fnanchor">1291</a> had directed that statues of the bravest and -the wisest of the Greeks should be erected in some conspicuous -spot: and here they remained until Sylla, the Dictator, -built the senate-house on the site. It is wonderful that the -senate should then have preferred Pythagoras to Socrates, who, -in consequence of his wisdom, had been preferred to all other -men<a id="FNanchor_1292_1292"></a><a href="#Footnote_1292_1292" class="fnanchor">1292</a> by the god himself; as, also, that they should have preferred -Alcibiades for valour to so many other heroes; or, indeed, -any one to Themistocles, who so greatly excelled in both qualities. -The reason of the statues being raised on columns, was, -that the persons represented might be elevated above other -mortals; the same thing being signified by the use of arches, -a new invention which had its origin among the Greeks. I -am of opinion that there is no one to whom more statues were -erected than to Demetrius Phalercus<a id="FNanchor_1293_1293"></a><a href="#Footnote_1293_1293" class="fnanchor">1293</a> at Athens: for there -were three hundred and sixty erected in his honour, there -being reckoned at that period no more days in the year: these, -however, were soon broken to pieces. The different tribes -erected statues, in all the quarters of Rome, in honour of -Marius Gratidianus, as already stated;<a id="FNanchor_1294_1294"></a><a href="#Footnote_1294_1294" class="fnanchor">1294</a> but they were all -thrown down by Sylla, when he entered Rome.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_160">160</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_13"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 13.—THE FIRST EQUESTRIAN STATUES PUBLICLY ERECTED -AT ROME, AND IN HONOUR OF WHAT FEMALES STATUES WERE -PUBLICLY ERECTED THERE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Pedestrian statues have been, undoubtedly, for a long time -in estimation at Rome: equestrian statues are, however, of -considerable antiquity, and females even have participated in -this honour; for the statue of Clælia is equestrian,<a id="FNanchor_1295_1295"></a><a href="#Footnote_1295_1295" class="fnanchor">1295</a> as if it -had not been thought sufficient to have her clad in the toga; -and this, although statues were not decreed to Lucretia, or to -Brutus, who had expelled the kings, and through both of whom -Clælia had been given as a hostage.<a id="FNanchor_1296_1296"></a><a href="#Footnote_1296_1296" class="fnanchor">1296</a> I should have thought -that this statue, and that of Cocles, were the first that were -erected at the public expense—for it is most likely that the -statues of Attus and the Sibyl were erected by Tarquinius, -and those of each of the other kings by themselves respectively—had -not Piso stated that the statue of Clælia was erected by -those who had been hostages with her, when they were given -up by Porsena, as a mark of honour.</p> - -<p>But Annius Fetialis<a id="FNanchor_1297_1297"></a><a href="#Footnote_1297_1297" class="fnanchor">1297</a> states, on the other hand, that the -equestrian statue, which stood opposite the Temple of Jupiter -Stator, in the vestibule of the house of Tarquinius Superbus, -was that of Valeria,<a id="FNanchor_1298_1298"></a><a href="#Footnote_1298_1298" class="fnanchor">1298</a> the daughter of the consul Publicola; and -that she was the only person that escaped and swam across -the Tiber; the rest of the hostages that had been sent to -Porsena having been destroyed by a stratagem of Tarquinius.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_14"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 14.—AT WHAT PERIOD ALL THE STATUES ERECTED BY PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS WERE REMOVED FROM THE -PUBLIC PLACES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We are informed by L. Piso, that when M. Æmilius and C. -Popilius were consuls, for the second time,<a id="FNanchor_1299_1299"></a><a href="#Footnote_1299_1299" class="fnanchor">1299</a> the censors, P. -Cornelius Scipio and M. Popilius, caused all the statues -erected round the Forum in honour of those who had borne -the office of magistrates, to be removed; with the exception of -those which had been placed there, either by order of the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_161">161</a></span>people or of the senate. The statue also which Spurius -Cassius,<a id="FNanchor_1300_1300"></a><a href="#Footnote_1300_1300" class="fnanchor">1300</a> who had aspired to the supreme authority, had -erected in honour of himself, before the Temple of Tellus, was -melted down by order of the censors; for even in this respect, -the men of those days took precautions against ambition.</p> - -<p>There are still extant some declamations by Cato, during -his censorship, against the practice of erecting statues of -women in the Roman provinces. However, he could not -prevent these statues being erected at Rome even; to Cornelia, -for instance, the mother of the Gracchi, and daughter of the -elder Scipio Africanus. She is represented in a sitting posture, -and the statue is remarkable for having no straps to the -shoes. This statue, which was formerly in the public Portico -of Metellus, is now in the Buildings of Octavia.<a id="FNanchor_1301_1301"></a><a href="#Footnote_1301_1301" class="fnanchor">1301</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_15"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 15.—THE FIRST STATUES PUBLICLY ERECTED BY -FOREIGNERS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The first statue that was erected at Rome at the expense of -a foreigner was that of C. Ælius, the tribune of the people, -who had introduced a law against Sthennius Statilius Lucanus,<a id="FNanchor_1302_1302"></a><a href="#Footnote_1302_1302" class="fnanchor">1302</a> -for having twice attacked Thurii: on which account -the inhabitants of that place presented Ælius with a statue -and a golden crown. At a later period, the same people -erected a statue to Fabricius,<a id="FNanchor_1303_1303"></a><a href="#Footnote_1303_1303" class="fnanchor">1303</a> who had delivered their city -from a state of siege. From time to time various nations -thus placed themselves under the protection of the Romans; -and all distinctions were thereby so effectually removed, that -statues of Hannibal even are to be seen in three different -places in that city, within the walls of which, he alone of all -its enemies, had hurled his spear.<a id="FNanchor_1304_1304"></a><a href="#Footnote_1304_1304" class="fnanchor">1304</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_162">162</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_16"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 16. (7.)—THAT THERE WERE STATUARIES IN ITALY ALSO -AT AN EARLY PERIOD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Various circumstances prove, that the art of making statues -was commonly practised in Italy at an early period. The -statue in the Cattle Market<a id="FNanchor_1305_1305"></a><a href="#Footnote_1305_1305" class="fnanchor">1305</a> is said to have been consecrated -to Hercules by Evander; it is called the triumphal Hercules, -and, on the occasion of triumphal processions, is arrayed in -triumphal vestments. And then besides, King Numa dedicated -the statue of the two-faced Janus;<a id="FNanchor_1306_1306"></a><a href="#Footnote_1306_1306" class="fnanchor">1306</a> a deity who is -worshipped as presiding over both peace and war. The -fingers, too, are so formed as to indicate three hundred and -sixty-five days,<a id="FNanchor_1307_1307"></a><a href="#Footnote_1307_1307" class="fnanchor">1307</a> or in other words, the year; thus denoting -that he is the god of time and duration.</p> - -<p>There are also Etruscan statues dispersed in various parts -of the world, which beyond a doubt were originally made in -Etruria. I should have supposed that these had been the -statues only of divinities, had not Metrodorus<a id="FNanchor_1308_1308"></a><a href="#Footnote_1308_1308" class="fnanchor">1308</a> of Scepsis, who -had his surname from his hatred to the Roman name,<a id="FNanchor_1309_1309"></a><a href="#Footnote_1309_1309" class="fnanchor">1309</a> reproached -us with having pillaged the city of Volsinii for the -sake of the two thousand statues which it contained. It -appears to me a singular fact, that although the origin of -statues was of such great antiquity in Italy, the images of the -gods, which were consecrated to them in their temples, should -have been formed either of wood or of earthenware,<a id="FNanchor_1310_1310"></a><a href="#Footnote_1310_1310" class="fnanchor">1310</a> until -the conquest of Asia, which introduced luxury among us. It -will be the best plan to enlarge upon the origin of the art of -expressing likenesses, when we come to speak of what the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_163">163</a></span>Greeks call “plastice;”<a id="FNanchor_1311_1311"></a><a href="#Footnote_1311_1311" class="fnanchor">1311</a> for the art of modelling was prior to -that of statuary. This last, however, has flourished to such an -extraordinary degree, that an account of it would fill many -volumes, if we were desirous of making an extensive acquaintance -with the subject: but as to learning everything connected -with it, who could do it?</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_17"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 17.—THE IMMODERATE PRICES OF STATUES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the ædileship of M. Scaurus, there were three thousand -statues erected on the stage of what was a temporary theatre<a id="FNanchor_1312_1312"></a><a href="#Footnote_1312_1312" class="fnanchor">1312</a> -only. Mummius, the conqueror of Achaia, filled the City -with statues; he who at his death was destined not to leave a -dowry to his daughter,<a id="FNanchor_1313_1313"></a><a href="#Footnote_1313_1313" class="fnanchor">1313</a> for why not mention this as an -apology for him? The Luculli<a id="FNanchor_1314_1314"></a><a href="#Footnote_1314_1314" class="fnanchor">1314</a> also introduced many articles -from abroad. Yet we learn from Mucianus,<a id="FNanchor_1315_1315"></a><a href="#Footnote_1315_1315" class="fnanchor">1315</a> who was -thrice consul, that there are still three thousand statues in -Rhodes, and it is supposed that there are no fewer in existence -at Athens, at Olympia, and at Delphi. What living -mortal could enumerate them all? or of what utility would -be such information? Still, however, I may, perhaps, afford -amusement by giving some slight account of such of those works -of art as are in any way remarkable, and stating the names of -the more celebrated artists. Of each of these it would be -impossible to enumerate all the productions, for Lysippus<a id="FNanchor_1316_1316"></a><a href="#Footnote_1316_1316" class="fnanchor">1316</a> -alone is said to have executed no less than fifteen hundred<a id="FNanchor_1317_1317"></a><a href="#Footnote_1317_1317" class="fnanchor">1317</a> -works of art, all of which were of such excellence that any -one of them might have immortalized him. The number was -ascertained by his heir, upon opening his coffers after his -death, it having been his practice to lay up one golden -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_164">164</a></span>denarius<a id="FNanchor_1318_1318"></a><a href="#Footnote_1318_1318" class="fnanchor">1318</a> out of the sum which he had received as the price -of each statue.</p> - -<p>This art has arrived at incredible perfection, both in successfulness -and in boldness of design. As a proof of successfulness, -I will adduce one example, and that of a figure which -represented neither god nor man. We have seen in our own -time, in the Capitol, before it was last burnt by the party<a id="FNanchor_1319_1319"></a><a href="#Footnote_1319_1319" class="fnanchor">1319</a> of -Vitellius, in the shrine of Juno there, a bronze figure of a dog -licking its wounds. Its miraculous excellence and its perfect -truthfulness were not only proved by the circumstance of its -having been consecrated there, but also by the novel kind of -security that was taken for its safety; for, no sum appearing -equal to its value, it was publicly enacted that the keepers of -it should be answerable for its safety with their lives.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_18"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 18.—THE MOST CELEBRATED COLOSSAL STATUES IN THE -CITY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>As to boldness of design, the examples are innumerable; -for we see designed, statues of enormous bulk, known as -colossal statues and equal to towers in size. Such, for -instance, is the Apollo in the Capitol, which was brought by -M. Lucullus from Apollonia, a city of Pontus,<a id="FNanchor_1320_1320"></a><a href="#Footnote_1320_1320" class="fnanchor">1320</a> thirty cubits -in height, and which cost five hundred talents: such, too, is -the statue of Jupiter, in the Campus Martius, dedicated by -the late Emperor Claudius, but which appears small in comparison -from its vicinity to the Theatre of Pompeius: and such -is that at Tarentum, forty cubits in height, and the work of -Lysippus.<a id="FNanchor_1321_1321"></a><a href="#Footnote_1321_1321" class="fnanchor">1321</a> It is a remarkable circumstance in this statue, -that though, as it is stated, it is so nicely balanced as to be -moveable by the hand, it has never been thrown down by a -tempest. This indeed, the artist, it is said, has guarded -against, by a column erected at a short distance from it, -upon the side on which the violence of the wind required -to be broken. On account, therefore, of its magnitude, and -the great difficulty of moving it, Fabius Verrucosus<a id="FNanchor_1322_1322"></a><a href="#Footnote_1322_1322" class="fnanchor">1322</a> did not -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_165">165</a></span>touch it, when he transferred the Hercules from that place to -the Capitol, where it now stands.</p> - -<p>But that which is by far the most worthy of our admiration, -is the colossal statue of the Sun, which stood formerly at -Rhodes, and was the work of Chares the Lindian, a pupil -of the above-named Lysippus;<a id="FNanchor_1323_1323"></a><a href="#Footnote_1323_1323" class="fnanchor">1323</a> no less than seventy cubits in -height. This statue, fifty-six years after it was erected, was -thrown down by an earthquake; but even as it lies, it excites -our wonder and admiration.<a id="FNanchor_1324_1324"></a><a href="#Footnote_1324_1324" class="fnanchor">1324</a> Few men can clasp the thumb -in their arms, and its fingers are larger than most statues. -Where the limbs are broken asunder, vast caverns are seen -yawning in the interior. Within it, too, are to be seen large -masses of rock, by the weight of which the artist steadied it -while erecting it. It is said that it was twelve years before -this statue was completed, and that three hundred talents were -expended upon it; a sum raised from the engines of warfare -which had been abandoned by King Demetrius,<a id="FNanchor_1325_1325"></a><a href="#Footnote_1325_1325" class="fnanchor">1325</a> when tired -of the long-protracted siege of Rhodes. In the same city -there are other colossal statues, one hundred in number; but -though smaller than the one already mentioned, wherever -erected, they would, any one of them, have ennobled the place. -In addition to these, there are five colossal statues of the gods, -which were made by Bryaxis.<a id="FNanchor_1326_1326"></a><a href="#Footnote_1326_1326" class="fnanchor">1326</a></p> - -<p>Colossal statues used also to be made in Italy. At all events, -we see the Tuscan Apollo, in the library of the Temple of -Augustus,<a id="FNanchor_1327_1327"></a><a href="#Footnote_1327_1327" class="fnanchor">1327</a> fifty feet in height from the toe; and it is a question -whether it is more remarkable for the quality of the metal, or -for the beauty of the workmanship. Spurius Carvilius also -erected the statue of Jupiter which is seen in the Capitol, after he -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_166">166</a></span>had conquered the Samnites,<a id="FNanchor_1328_1328"></a><a href="#Footnote_1328_1328" class="fnanchor">1328</a> who fought in obedience to a most -solemn oath; it being formed out of their breast-plates, greaves, -and helmets, and of such large dimensions that it may be -seen from the statue of Jupiter Latiaris.<a id="FNanchor_1329_1329"></a><a href="#Footnote_1329_1329" class="fnanchor">1329</a> He made his -own statue, which is at the feet of the other one, out of the -filings of the metal. There are also, in the Capitol, two heads -which are very much admired, and which were dedicated by -the Consul P. Lentulus, one of them executed by the above-mentioned -Chares,<a id="FNanchor_1330_1330"></a><a href="#Footnote_1330_1330" class="fnanchor">1330</a> the other by Decius;<a id="FNanchor_1331_1331"></a><a href="#Footnote_1331_1331" class="fnanchor">1331</a> but this last is so -greatly excelled by the former, as to have all the appearance of -being the work of one of the poorest of artists.</p> - -<p>But all these gigantic statues of this kind have been surpassed -in our own age by that of Mercury, made by Zenodotus<a id="FNanchor_1332_1332"></a><a href="#Footnote_1332_1332" class="fnanchor">1332</a> -for the city of the Arverni in Gaul,<a id="FNanchor_1333_1333"></a><a href="#Footnote_1333_1333" class="fnanchor">1333</a> which was ten years in -being completed, and the making of which cost four hundred -thousand sesterces. Having given sufficient proof there -of his artistic skill, he was sent for by Nero to Rome, where -he made a colossal statue intended to represent that prince, -one hundred and ten feet in height. In consequence, however, -of the public detestation of Nero’s crimes, this statue was consecrated -to the Sun.<a id="FNanchor_1334_1334"></a><a href="#Footnote_1334_1334" class="fnanchor">1334</a> We used to admire in his studio, not -only the accurate likeness in the model of clay, but in the -small sketches<a id="FNanchor_1335_1335"></a><a href="#Footnote_1335_1335" class="fnanchor">1335</a> also, which served as the first foundation -of the work. This statue proves that the art of fusing -[precious] brass was then lost, for Nero was prepared to furnish -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_167">167</a></span>the requisite gold and silver, and Zenodotus was inferior to -none of the ancients, either as a designer or as an engraver.<a id="FNanchor_1336_1336"></a><a href="#Footnote_1336_1336" class="fnanchor">1336</a> -At the time that he was working at the statue for the Arverni, -he copied for Dubius Avitus, the then governor of the province, -two drinking-cups, chased by the hand of Calamis,<a id="FNanchor_1337_1337"></a><a href="#Footnote_1337_1337" class="fnanchor">1337</a> which -had been highly prized by Germanicus Cæsar, and had been -given by him to his preceptor Cassius Silanus, the uncle of -Avitus; and this with such exactness, that they could scarcely -be distinguished from the originals. The greater, then, the superiority -of Zenodotus, the more certainly it may be concluded -that the secret of fusing [precious] brass is lost.</p> - -<p>(8.) Persons who possess what are called Corinthian bronzes,<a id="FNanchor_1338_1338"></a><a href="#Footnote_1338_1338" class="fnanchor">1338</a> -are generally so much enamoured of them, as to carry them -about with them from place to place; Hortensius, the orator, -for instance, who possessed a Sphinx, which he had made -Verres give him, when accused. It was to this figure that -Cicero alluded, in an altercation which took place at the trial: -when, upon Hortensius saying that he could not understand -enigmas, Cicero made answer that he ought to understand -them, as he had got a Sphinx<a id="FNanchor_1339_1339"></a><a href="#Footnote_1339_1339" class="fnanchor">1339</a> at home. The Emperor Nero, -also, used to carry about with him the figure of an Amazon, of -which I shall speak further hereafter;<a id="FNanchor_1340_1340"></a><a href="#Footnote_1340_1340" class="fnanchor">1340</a> and, shortly before this, -C. Cestius, a person of consular<a id="FNanchor_1341_1341"></a><a href="#Footnote_1341_1341" class="fnanchor">1341</a> rank, had possessed a figure, -which he carried with him even in battle. The tent, too, of -Alexander the Great was usually supported, it is said, by statues, -two of which are consecrated before the Temple of Mars -Ultor,<a id="FNanchor_1342_1342"></a><a href="#Footnote_1342_1342" class="fnanchor">1342</a> and a similar number before the Palace.<a id="FNanchor_1343_1343"></a><a href="#Footnote_1343_1343" class="fnanchor">1343</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_168">168</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 19.—AN ACCOUNT OF THE MOST CELEBRATED WORKS IN -BRASS, AND OF THE ARTISTS, 366 IN NUMBER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>An almost innumerable multitude of artists have been rendered -famous by their statues and figures of smaller size. -Before all others is Phidias,<a id="FNanchor_1344_1344"></a><a href="#Footnote_1344_1344" class="fnanchor">1344</a> the Athenian, who executed the -Jupiter at Olympia, in ivory and gold,<a id="FNanchor_1345_1345"></a><a href="#Footnote_1345_1345" class="fnanchor">1345</a> but who also made -figures in brass as well. He flourished in the eighty-third -Olympiad, about the year of our City, 300. To the same age -belong also his rivals Alcamenes,<a id="FNanchor_1346_1346"></a><a href="#Footnote_1346_1346" class="fnanchor">1346</a> Critias,<a id="FNanchor_1347_1347"></a><a href="#Footnote_1347_1347" class="fnanchor">1347</a> Nesiotes,<a id="FNanchor_1348_1348"></a><a href="#Footnote_1348_1348" class="fnanchor">1348</a> and -Hegias.<a id="FNanchor_1349_1349"></a><a href="#Footnote_1349_1349" class="fnanchor">1349</a> Afterwards, in the eighty-seventh Olympiad, there -were Agelades,<a id="FNanchor_1350_1350"></a><a href="#Footnote_1350_1350" class="fnanchor">1350</a> Callon,<a id="FNanchor_1351_1351"></a><a href="#Footnote_1351_1351" class="fnanchor">1351</a> and Gorgias the Laconian. In the -ninetieth Olympiad there were Polycletus,<a id="FNanchor_1352_1352"></a><a href="#Footnote_1352_1352" class="fnanchor">1352</a> Phradmon,<a id="FNanchor_1353_1353"></a><a href="#Footnote_1353_1353" class="fnanchor">1353</a> -Myron,<a id="FNanchor_1354_1354"></a><a href="#Footnote_1354_1354" class="fnanchor">1354</a> Pythagoras,<a id="FNanchor_1355_1355"></a><a href="#Footnote_1355_1355" class="fnanchor">1355</a> Scopas,<a id="FNanchor_1356_1356"></a><a href="#Footnote_1356_1356" class="fnanchor">1356</a> and Perellus.<a id="FNanchor_1357_1357"></a><a href="#Footnote_1357_1357" class="fnanchor">1357</a> Of these, -Polycletus had for pupils, Argius,<a id="FNanchor_1358_1358"></a><a href="#Footnote_1358_1358" class="fnanchor">1358</a> Asopodorus, Alexis, -Aristides,<a id="FNanchor_1359_1359"></a><a href="#Footnote_1359_1359" class="fnanchor">1359</a> Phrynon, Dinon, Athenodorus,<a id="FNanchor_1360_1360"></a><a href="#Footnote_1360_1360" class="fnanchor">1360</a> and Demeas<a id="FNanchor_1361_1361"></a><a href="#Footnote_1361_1361" class="fnanchor">1361</a> the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_169">169</a></span>Clitorian: Lycius,<a id="FNanchor_1362_1362"></a><a href="#Footnote_1362_1362" class="fnanchor">1362</a> too, was the pupil of Myron. In the -ninety-fifth Olympiad flourished Naucsydes,<a id="FNanchor_1363_1363"></a><a href="#Footnote_1363_1363" class="fnanchor">1363</a> Dinomenes,<a id="FNanchor_1364_1364"></a><a href="#Footnote_1364_1364" class="fnanchor">1364</a> -Canachus,<a id="FNanchor_1365_1365"></a><a href="#Footnote_1365_1365" class="fnanchor">1365</a> and Patroclus.<a id="FNanchor_1366_1366"></a><a href="#Footnote_1366_1366" class="fnanchor">1366</a> In the hundred and second -Olympiad there were Polycles,<a id="FNanchor_1367_1367"></a><a href="#Footnote_1367_1367" class="fnanchor">1367</a> Cephisodotus,<a id="FNanchor_1368_1368"></a><a href="#Footnote_1368_1368" class="fnanchor">1368</a> Leochares,<a id="FNanchor_1369_1369"></a><a href="#Footnote_1369_1369" class="fnanchor">1369</a> -and Hypatodorus.<a id="FNanchor_1370_1370"></a><a href="#Footnote_1370_1370" class="fnanchor">1370</a> In the hundred and fourth Olympiad, -flourished Praxiteles<a id="FNanchor_1371_1371"></a><a href="#Footnote_1371_1371" class="fnanchor">1371</a> and Euphranor;<a id="FNanchor_1372_1372"></a><a href="#Footnote_1372_1372" class="fnanchor">1372</a> in the hundred and -seventh, Aëtion<a id="FNanchor_1373_1373"></a><a href="#Footnote_1373_1373" class="fnanchor">1373</a> and Therimachus;<a id="FNanchor_1374_1374"></a><a href="#Footnote_1374_1374" class="fnanchor">1374</a> in the hundred and -thirteenth, Lysippus,<a id="FNanchor_1375_1375"></a><a href="#Footnote_1375_1375" class="fnanchor">1375</a> who was the contemporary of Alexander -the Great, his brother Lysistratus,<a id="FNanchor_1376_1376"></a><a href="#Footnote_1376_1376" class="fnanchor">1376</a> Sthennis,<a id="FNanchor_1377_1377"></a><a href="#Footnote_1377_1377" class="fnanchor">1377</a> Euphron, -Eucles, Sostratus,<a id="FNanchor_1378_1378"></a><a href="#Footnote_1378_1378" class="fnanchor">1378</a> Ion, and Silanion,<a id="FNanchor_1379_1379"></a><a href="#Footnote_1379_1379" class="fnanchor">1379</a> who was remarkable for -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_170">170</a></span>having acquired great celebrity without any instructor: -Zeuxis<a id="FNanchor_1380_1380"></a><a href="#Footnote_1380_1380" class="fnanchor">1380</a> was his pupil. In the hundred and twenty-first -Olympiad were Eutychides,<a id="FNanchor_1381_1381"></a><a href="#Footnote_1381_1381" class="fnanchor">1381</a> Euthycrates,<a id="FNanchor_1382_1382"></a><a href="#Footnote_1382_1382" class="fnanchor">1382</a> Laïppus,<a id="FNanchor_1383_1383"></a><a href="#Footnote_1383_1383" class="fnanchor">1383</a> Cephisodotus,<a id="FNanchor_1384_1384"></a><a href="#Footnote_1384_1384" class="fnanchor">1384</a> -Timarchus,<a id="FNanchor_1385_1385"></a><a href="#Footnote_1385_1385" class="fnanchor">1385</a> and Pyromachus.<a id="FNanchor_1386_1386"></a><a href="#Footnote_1386_1386" class="fnanchor">1386</a></p> - -<p>The practice of this art then ceased for some time, but -revived in the hundred and fifty-sixth Olympiad, when there -were some artists, who, though far inferior to those already mentioned, -were still highly esteemed; Antæus, Callistratus,<a id="FNanchor_1387_1387"></a><a href="#Footnote_1387_1387" class="fnanchor">1387</a> Polycles,<a id="FNanchor_1388_1388"></a><a href="#Footnote_1388_1388" class="fnanchor">1388</a> -Athenæus,<a id="FNanchor_1389_1389"></a><a href="#Footnote_1389_1389" class="fnanchor">1389</a> Callixenus, Pythocles, Pythias, and Timocles.<a id="FNanchor_1390_1390"></a><a href="#Footnote_1390_1390" class="fnanchor">1390</a></p> - -<p>The ages of the most celebrated artists being thus distinguished, -I shall cursorily review the more eminent of them, -the greater part being mentioned in a desultory manner. The -most celebrated of these artists, though born at different -epochs, have joined in a trial of skill in the Amazons which -they have respectively made. When these statues were dedicated -in the Temple of Diana at Ephesus, it was agreed, in -order to ascertain which was the best, that it should be left to -the judgment of the artists themselves who were then present: -upon which, it was evident that that was the best, which all -the artists agreed in considering as the next best to his own. -Accordingly, the first rank was assigned to Polycletus, the -second to Phidias, the third to Cresilas, the fourth to Cydon, -and the fifth to Phradmon.<a id="FNanchor_1391_1391"></a><a href="#Footnote_1391_1391" class="fnanchor">1391</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_171">171</a></span></p> - -<p>Phidias, besides the Olympian Jupiter, which no one has -ever equalled, also executed in ivory the erect statue of -Minerva, which is in the Parthenon at Athens.<a id="FNanchor_1392_1392"></a><a href="#Footnote_1392_1392" class="fnanchor">1392</a> He also -made in brass, beside the Amazon above mentioned,<a id="FNanchor_1393_1393"></a><a href="#Footnote_1393_1393" class="fnanchor">1393</a> a Minerva, -of such exquisite beauty, that it received its name from its fine -proportions.<a id="FNanchor_1394_1394"></a><a href="#Footnote_1394_1394" class="fnanchor">1394</a> He also made the Cliduchus,<a id="FNanchor_1395_1395"></a><a href="#Footnote_1395_1395" class="fnanchor">1395</a> and another -Minerva, which Paulus Æmilius dedicated at Rome in the -Temple of Fortune<a id="FNanchor_1396_1396"></a><a href="#Footnote_1396_1396" class="fnanchor">1396</a> of the passing day. Also the two statues, -draped with the pallium, which Catulus erected in the same -temple; and a nude colossal statue. Phidias is deservedly -considered to have discovered and developed the toreutic art.<a id="FNanchor_1397_1397"></a><a href="#Footnote_1397_1397" class="fnanchor">1397</a></p> - -<p>Polycletus of Sicyon,<a id="FNanchor_1398_1398"></a><a href="#Footnote_1398_1398" class="fnanchor">1398</a> the pupil of Agelades, executed -the Diadumenos,<a id="FNanchor_1399_1399"></a><a href="#Footnote_1399_1399" class="fnanchor">1399</a> the statue of an effeminate youth, and -remarkable for having cost one hundred talents; as also -the statue of a youth full of manly vigour, and called the -Doryphoros.<a id="FNanchor_1400_1400"></a><a href="#Footnote_1400_1400" class="fnanchor">1400</a> He also made what the artists have called the -Model statue,<a id="FNanchor_1401_1401"></a><a href="#Footnote_1401_1401" class="fnanchor">1401</a> and from which, as from a sort of standard, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_172">172</a></span>they study the lineaments: so that he, of all men, is thought in -one work of art to have exhausted all the resources of art. -He also made statues of a man using the body-scraper,<a id="FNanchor_1402_1402"></a><a href="#Footnote_1402_1402" class="fnanchor">1402</a> and -of a naked man challenging to play at dice;<a id="FNanchor_1403_1403"></a><a href="#Footnote_1403_1403" class="fnanchor">1403</a> as also of two -naked boys playing at dice, and known as the Astragalizontes;<a id="FNanchor_1404_1404"></a><a href="#Footnote_1404_1404" class="fnanchor">1404</a> -they are now in the atrium of the Emperor Titus, and it is generally -considered, that there can be no work more perfect than -this. He also executed a Mercury, which was formerly at Lysimachia; -a Hercules Ageter,<a id="FNanchor_1405_1405"></a><a href="#Footnote_1405_1405" class="fnanchor">1405</a> seizing his arms, which is now at -Rome; and an Artemon, which has received the name of -Periphoretos.<a id="FNanchor_1406_1406"></a><a href="#Footnote_1406_1406" class="fnanchor">1406</a> Polycletus is generally considered as having -attained the highest excellence in statuary, and as having perfected -the toreutic<a id="FNanchor_1407_1407"></a><a href="#Footnote_1407_1407" class="fnanchor">1407</a> art, which Phidias invented. A discovery -which was entirely his own, was the art of placing statues on -one leg. It is remarked, however, by Varro, that his statues -are all square-built,<a id="FNanchor_1408_1408"></a><a href="#Footnote_1408_1408" class="fnanchor">1408</a> and made very much after the same -model.<a id="FNanchor_1409_1409"></a><a href="#Footnote_1409_1409" class="fnanchor">1409</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_173">173</a></span></p> - -<p>Myron of Eleutheræ,<a id="FNanchor_1410_1410"></a><a href="#Footnote_1410_1410" class="fnanchor">1410</a> who was also the pupil of Agelades, -was rendered more particularly famous by his statue of a -heifer,<a id="FNanchor_1411_1411"></a><a href="#Footnote_1411_1411" class="fnanchor">1411</a> celebrated in many well-known lines: so true is it, -that most men owe their renown more to the genius of others, -than to their own. He also made the figure of a dog,<a id="FNanchor_1412_1412"></a><a href="#Footnote_1412_1412" class="fnanchor">1412</a> a -Discobolus,<a id="FNanchor_1413_1413"></a><a href="#Footnote_1413_1413" class="fnanchor">1413</a> a Perseus,<a id="FNanchor_1414_1414"></a><a href="#Footnote_1414_1414" class="fnanchor">1414</a> the Pristæ,<a id="FNanchor_1415_1415"></a><a href="#Footnote_1415_1415" class="fnanchor">1415</a> a Satyr<a id="FNanchor_1416_1416"></a><a href="#Footnote_1416_1416" class="fnanchor">1416</a> admiring a flute, -and a Minerva, the Delphic Pentathletes,<a id="FNanchor_1417_1417"></a><a href="#Footnote_1417_1417" class="fnanchor">1417</a> the Pancratiastæ,<a id="FNanchor_1418_1418"></a><a href="#Footnote_1418_1418" class="fnanchor">1418</a> -and a Hercules,<a id="FNanchor_1419_1419"></a><a href="#Footnote_1419_1419" class="fnanchor">1419</a> which is at the Circus Maximus, in the house -of Pompeius Magnus. Erinna,<a id="FNanchor_1420_1420"></a><a href="#Footnote_1420_1420" class="fnanchor">1420</a> in her poems,<a id="FNanchor_1421_1421"></a><a href="#Footnote_1421_1421" class="fnanchor">1421</a> makes allusion -to a monument which he erected to a cricket and a locust. -He also executed the Apollo, which, after being taken from the -Ephesians by the Triumvir Antonius, was restored by the -Emperor Augustus, he having been admonished to do so in a -dream. Myron appears to have been the first to give a varied -development to the art,<a id="FNanchor_1422_1422"></a><a href="#Footnote_1422_1422" class="fnanchor">1422</a> having made a greater number of -designs than Polycletus, and shewn more attention to symmetry. -And yet, though he was very accurate in the proportions -of his figures, he has neglected to give expression; -besides which, he has not treated the hair and the pubes with -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_174">174</a></span>any greater attention than is observed in the rude figures of -more ancient times.</p> - -<p>Pythagoras of Rhegium, in Italy, excelled him in the figure -of the Pancratiast<a id="FNanchor_1423_1423"></a><a href="#Footnote_1423_1423" class="fnanchor">1423</a> which is now at Delphi, and in which he -also surpassed Leontiscus.<a id="FNanchor_1424_1424"></a><a href="#Footnote_1424_1424" class="fnanchor">1424</a> Pythagoras also executed the statue -of Astylos,<a id="FNanchor_1425_1425"></a><a href="#Footnote_1425_1425" class="fnanchor">1425</a> the runner, which is exhibited at Olympia; that -of a Libyan boy holding a tablet, also in the same place; and -a nude male figure holding fruit. There is at Syracuse a -figure of a lame man by him: persons, when looking at it, -seem to feel the very pain of his wound. He also made an -Apollo, with the serpent<a id="FNanchor_1426_1426"></a><a href="#Footnote_1426_1426" class="fnanchor">1426</a> pierced by his arrows; and a Player -on the Lyre, known as the Dicæus,<a id="FNanchor_1427_1427"></a><a href="#Footnote_1427_1427" class="fnanchor">1427</a> from the fact that, when -Thebes was taken by Alexander the Great, a fugitive successfully -concealed in its bosom a sum of gold. He was the first artist -who gave expression to the sinews and the veins, and paid -more attention to the hair.</p> - -<p>There was also another Pythagoras, a Samian,<a id="FNanchor_1428_1428"></a><a href="#Footnote_1428_1428" class="fnanchor">1428</a> who was -originally a painter, seven of whose nude figures, in the -Temple of Fortune of the passing day,<a id="FNanchor_1429_1429"></a><a href="#Footnote_1429_1429" class="fnanchor">1429</a> and one of an aged -man, are very much admired. He is said to have resembled -the last-mentioned artist so much in his features, that they -could not be distinguished. Sostratus, it is said, was the -pupil of Pythagoras of Rhegium, and his sister’s son.</p> - -<p>According to Duris,<a id="FNanchor_1430_1430"></a><a href="#Footnote_1430_1430" class="fnanchor">1430</a> Lysippus the Sicyonian was not the -pupil<a id="FNanchor_1431_1431"></a><a href="#Footnote_1431_1431" class="fnanchor">1431</a> of any one, but was originally a worker in brass, and -was first prompted to venture upon statuary by an answer that -was given by Eupompus the painter; who, upon being asked -which of his predecessors he proposed to take for his model, -pointed to a crowd of men, and replied that it was Nature herself, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_175">175</a></span>and no artist, that he proposed to imitate. As already mentioned,<a id="FNanchor_1432_1432"></a><a href="#Footnote_1432_1432" class="fnanchor">1432</a> -Lysippus was most prolific in his works, and made more -statues than any other artist. Among these, is the Man using the -Body-scraper<a id="FNanchor_1433_1433"></a><a href="#Footnote_1433_1433" class="fnanchor">1433</a>, which Marcus Agrippa had erected in front of his -Warm Baths,<a id="FNanchor_1434_1434"></a><a href="#Footnote_1434_1434" class="fnanchor">1434</a> and which wonderfully pleased the Emperor -Tiberius. This prince, although in the beginning of his reign -he imposed some restraint upon himself, could not resist the -temptation, and had this statue removed to his bed-chamber, -having substituted another for it at the baths: the people, -however, were so resolutely opposed to this, that at the theatre -they clamourously demanded the Apoxyomenos<a id="FNanchor_1435_1435"></a><a href="#Footnote_1435_1435" class="fnanchor">1435</a> to be replaced; -and the prince, notwithstanding his attachment to it, was -obliged to restore it.</p> - -<p>Lysippus is also celebrated for his statue of the intoxicated -Female Flute-player, his dogs and huntsmen, and, more particularly, -for his Chariot with the Sun, as represented by the -Rhodians.<a id="FNanchor_1436_1436"></a><a href="#Footnote_1436_1436" class="fnanchor">1436</a> He also executed a numerous series of statues of -Alexander the Great, commencing from his childhood.<a id="FNanchor_1437_1437"></a><a href="#Footnote_1437_1437" class="fnanchor">1437</a> The -Emperor Nero was so delighted with his statue of the infant -Alexander, that he had it gilt: this addition, however, to its -value, so detracted from its artistic beauty that the gold was -removed, and in this state it was looked upon as still more -precious, though disfigured by the scratches and seams which -remained upon it, and in which the gold was still to be seen.<a id="FNanchor_1438_1438"></a><a href="#Footnote_1438_1438" class="fnanchor">1438</a> -He also made the statue of Hephæstion, the friend of Alexander -the Great, which some persons attribute to Polycletus, -whereas that artist lived nearly a century before his time.<a id="FNanchor_1439_1439"></a><a href="#Footnote_1439_1439" class="fnanchor">1439</a> -Also, the statue of Alexander at the chase, now consecrated at -Delphi, the figure of a Satyr, now at Athens, and the Squadron -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_176">176</a></span>of Alexander,<a id="FNanchor_1440_1440"></a><a href="#Footnote_1440_1440" class="fnanchor">1440</a> all of whom he represented with the greatest -accuracy. This last work of art, after his conquest of Macedonia,<a id="FNanchor_1441_1441"></a><a href="#Footnote_1441_1441" class="fnanchor">1441</a> -Metellus conveyed to Rome. Lysippus also executed -chariots of various kinds. He is considered to have contributed -very greatly to the art of statuary by expressing the -details of the hair,<a id="FNanchor_1442_1442"></a><a href="#Footnote_1442_1442" class="fnanchor">1442</a> and by making the head smaller than had -been done by the ancients, and the body more graceful and less -bulky, a method by which his statues were made to appear -taller. The Latin language has no appropriate name for that -“symmetry,”<a id="FNanchor_1443_1443"></a><a href="#Footnote_1443_1443" class="fnanchor">1443</a> which he so attentively observed in his new and -hitherto untried method of modifying the squareness observable -in the ancient statues. Indeed, it was a common saying -of his, that other artists made men as they actually were, while -he made them as they appeared to be. One peculiar characteristic -of his work, is the finish and minuteness which are observed -in even the smallest details. Lysippus left three sons, -who were also his pupils, and became celebrated as artists, -Laippus, Bœdas, and, more particularly, Euthycrates; though -this last-named artist rivalled his father in precision rather -than in elegance, and preferred scrupulous correctness to gracefulness. -Nothing can be more expressive than his Hercules -at Delphi, his Alexander, his Hunter at Thespiæ, and his -Equestrian Combat. Equally good, too, are his statue of Trophonius, -erected in the oracular cave<a id="FNanchor_1444_1444"></a><a href="#Footnote_1444_1444" class="fnanchor">1444</a> of that divinity, his -numerous chariots, his Horse with the Panniers,<a id="FNanchor_1445_1445"></a><a href="#Footnote_1445_1445" class="fnanchor">1445</a> and his hounds.</p> - -<p>Tisicrates, also a native of Sicyon, was a pupil of Euthycrates, -but more nearly approaching the style of Lysippus; so -much so, that several of his statues can scarcely be distinguished -from those of Lysippus; his aged Theban, for example, his King -Demetrius, and his Peucestes, who saved the life of Alexander -the Great, and so rendered himself deserving of this honour.<a id="FNanchor_1446_1446"></a><a href="#Footnote_1446_1446" class="fnanchor">1446</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_177">177</a></span></p> - -<p>Artists, who have transmitted these details in their works, -bestow wonderful encomiums upon Telephanes, the Phocæan, -a statuary but little known, they say, because he lived in Thessaly, -where his works remained concealed; according to their -account, however, he is quite equal to Polycletus, Myron, and -Pythagoras. They more particularly commend his Larissa, -his Spintharus, the pentathlete,<a id="FNanchor_1447_1447"></a><a href="#Footnote_1447_1447" class="fnanchor">1447</a> and his Apollo. Others, -however, assign another reason for his being so little known; -it being owing, they think, to his having devoted himself to -the studios established by Kings Xerxes and Darius.</p> - -<p>Praxiteles, who excelled more particularly in marble, and -thence acquired his chief celebrity, also executed some very -beautiful works in brass, the Rape of Proserpine, the Catagusa,<a id="FNanchor_1448_1448"></a><a href="#Footnote_1448_1448" class="fnanchor">1448</a> -a Father Liber,<a id="FNanchor_1449_1449"></a><a href="#Footnote_1449_1449" class="fnanchor">1449</a> a figure of Drunkenness, and the celebrated -Satyr,<a id="FNanchor_1450_1450"></a><a href="#Footnote_1450_1450" class="fnanchor">1450</a> to the Greeks known as “Periboetos.”<a id="FNanchor_1451_1451"></a><a href="#Footnote_1451_1451" class="fnanchor">1451</a> He also executed -the statues, which were formerly before the Temple<a id="FNanchor_1452_1452"></a><a href="#Footnote_1452_1452" class="fnanchor">1452</a> of Good -Fortune, and the Venus, which was destroyed by fire, with -the Temple of that goddess, in the reign of Claudius, and was -considered equal to his marble statue of Venus,<a id="FNanchor_1453_1453"></a><a href="#Footnote_1453_1453" class="fnanchor">1453</a> so celebrated -throughout the world. He also executed a Stephanusa,<a id="FNanchor_1454_1454"></a><a href="#Footnote_1454_1454" class="fnanchor">1454</a> a Spilumene,<a id="FNanchor_1455_1455"></a><a href="#Footnote_1455_1455" class="fnanchor">1455</a> -an Œnophorus,<a id="FNanchor_1456_1456"></a><a href="#Footnote_1456_1456" class="fnanchor">1456</a> and two figures of Harmodius and -Aristogiton, who slew the tyrants; which last, having been taken -away from Greece by Xerxes, were restored to the Athenians on -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_178">178</a></span>the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great.<a id="FNanchor_1457_1457"></a><a href="#Footnote_1457_1457" class="fnanchor">1457</a> He also made -the youthful Apollo, known as the “Sauroctonos,”<a id="FNanchor_1458_1458"></a><a href="#Footnote_1458_1458" class="fnanchor">1458</a> because he -is aiming an arrow at a lizard which is stealing towards him. -There are greatly admired, also, two statues of his, expressive -of contrary emotions—a Matron in tears, and a Courtesan full -of gaiety: this last is supposed to be a likeness of Phryne, and -it is said that we can detect in her figure the love of the artist, -and in the countenance of the courtesan the promised reward.<a id="FNanchor_1459_1459"></a><a href="#Footnote_1459_1459" class="fnanchor">1459</a></p> - -<p>His kindness of heart, too, is witnessed by another figure; -for in a chariot and horses which had been executed by Calamis,<a id="FNanchor_1460_1460"></a><a href="#Footnote_1460_1460" class="fnanchor">1460</a> -he himself made the charioteer, in order that the artist, -who excelled in the representation of horses, might not be -considered deficient in the human figure. This last-mentioned -artist has executed other chariots also, some with four -horses, and some with two; and in his horses he is always -unrivalled. But that it may not be supposed that he was so -greatly inferior in his human figures, it is as well to remark -that his Alcmena<a id="FNanchor_1461_1461"></a><a href="#Footnote_1461_1461" class="fnanchor">1461</a> is equal to any that was ever produced.</p> - -<p>Alcamenes,<a id="FNanchor_1462_1462"></a><a href="#Footnote_1462_1462" class="fnanchor">1462</a> who was a pupil of Phidias, worked in marble -and executed a Pentathlete in brass, known as the “Encrinomenos.”<a id="FNanchor_1463_1463"></a><a href="#Footnote_1463_1463" class="fnanchor">1463</a> -Aristides, too, who was the scholar of Polycletus, -executed chariots in metal with four and two horses. The -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_179">179</a></span>Leæna<a id="FNanchor_1464_1464"></a><a href="#Footnote_1464_1464" class="fnanchor">1464</a> of Amphicrates<a id="FNanchor_1465_1465"></a><a href="#Footnote_1465_1465" class="fnanchor">1465</a> is highly commended. The courtesan<a id="FNanchor_1466_1466"></a><a href="#Footnote_1466_1466" class="fnanchor">1466</a> -Leæna, who was a skilful performer on the lyre, and -had so become acquainted with Harmodius and Aristogiton, -submitted to be tortured till she expired, rather than betray -their plot for the extermination of the tyrants.<a id="FNanchor_1467_1467"></a><a href="#Footnote_1467_1467" class="fnanchor">1467</a> The Athenians, -being desirous of honouring her memory, without at -the same time rendering homage to a courtesan, had her represented -under the figure of the animal whose name she bore;<a id="FNanchor_1468_1468"></a><a href="#Footnote_1468_1468" class="fnanchor">1468</a> -and, in order to indicate the cause of the honour thus paid her, -ordered the artist to represent the animal without a tongue.<a id="FNanchor_1469_1469"></a><a href="#Footnote_1469_1469" class="fnanchor">1469</a></p> - -<p>Bryaxis executed in brass statues of Æsculapius and Seleucus;<a id="FNanchor_1470_1470"></a><a href="#Footnote_1470_1470" class="fnanchor">1470</a> -Bœdas<a id="FNanchor_1471_1471"></a><a href="#Footnote_1471_1471" class="fnanchor">1471</a> a figure in adoration; Baton, an Apollo and a -Juno, which are in the Temple of Concord<a id="FNanchor_1472_1472"></a><a href="#Footnote_1472_1472" class="fnanchor">1472</a> at Rome.</p> - -<p>Ctesilaüs<a id="FNanchor_1473_1473"></a><a href="#Footnote_1473_1473" class="fnanchor">1473</a> executed a statue of a man fainting from his -wounds, in the expression of which may be seen how little -life remains;<a id="FNanchor_1474_1474"></a><a href="#Footnote_1474_1474" class="fnanchor">1474</a> as also the Olympian Pericles,<a id="FNanchor_1475_1475"></a><a href="#Footnote_1475_1475" class="fnanchor">1475</a> well worthy of -its title: indeed, it is one of the marvellous adjuncts of this -art, that it renders men who are already celebrated even more -so.</p> - -<p>Cephisodotus<a id="FNanchor_1476_1476"></a><a href="#Footnote_1476_1476" class="fnanchor">1476</a> is the artist of an admirable Minerva, now -erected in the port of Athens; as also of the altar before the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_180">180</a></span>Temple of Jupiter Servator,<a id="FNanchor_1477_1477"></a><a href="#Footnote_1477_1477" class="fnanchor">1477</a> at the same place, to which, -indeed, few works are comparable.</p> - -<p>Canachus<a id="FNanchor_1478_1478"></a><a href="#Footnote_1478_1478" class="fnanchor">1478</a> executed a nude Apollo, which is known as the -“Philesian:”<a id="FNanchor_1479_1479"></a><a href="#Footnote_1479_1479" class="fnanchor">1479</a> it is at Didymi,<a id="FNanchor_1480_1480"></a><a href="#Footnote_1480_1480" class="fnanchor">1480</a> and is composed of bronze -that was fused at Ægina. He also made a stag with it, so -nicely poised on its hoofs, as to admit of a thread being passed -beneath. One<a id="FNanchor_1481_1481"></a><a href="#Footnote_1481_1481" class="fnanchor">1481</a> fore-foot, too, and the alternate hind-foot are -so made as firmly to grip the base, the socket being<a id="FNanchor_1482_1482"></a><a href="#Footnote_1482_1482" class="fnanchor">1482</a> so indented -on either side, as to admit of the figure being thrown -at pleasure upon alternate feet. Another work of his was the -boys known as the “Celetizontes.”<a id="FNanchor_1483_1483"></a><a href="#Footnote_1483_1483" class="fnanchor">1483</a></p> - -<p>Chæreas made statues of Alexander the Great and of his -father Philip. Desilaüs<a id="FNanchor_1484_1484"></a><a href="#Footnote_1484_1484" class="fnanchor">1484</a> made a Doryphoros<a id="FNanchor_1485_1485"></a><a href="#Footnote_1485_1485" class="fnanchor">1485</a> and a wounded -Amazon; and Demetrius<a id="FNanchor_1486_1486"></a><a href="#Footnote_1486_1486" class="fnanchor">1486</a> a statue of Lysimache, who was -priestess of Minerva sixty-four years. This statuary also made -the Minerva, which has the name of Musica,<a id="FNanchor_1487_1487"></a><a href="#Footnote_1487_1487" class="fnanchor">1487</a> and so called because -the dragons on its Gorgon’s head vibrate at the sound of -the lyre; also an equestrian statue of Simon, the first writer -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_181">181</a></span>on the art of equitation.<a id="FNanchor_1488_1488"></a><a href="#Footnote_1488_1488" class="fnanchor">1488</a> Dædalus,<a id="FNanchor_1489_1489"></a><a href="#Footnote_1489_1489" class="fnanchor">1489</a> who is highly esteemed -as a modeller in clay, made two brazen figures of youths using -the body-scraper;<a id="FNanchor_1490_1490"></a><a href="#Footnote_1490_1490" class="fnanchor">1490</a> and Dinomenes executed figures of Protesilaüs<a id="FNanchor_1491_1491"></a><a href="#Footnote_1491_1491" class="fnanchor">1491</a> -and Pythodemus the wrestler.</p> - -<p>The statue of Alexander Paris is the work of Euphranor:<a id="FNanchor_1492_1492"></a><a href="#Footnote_1492_1492" class="fnanchor">1492</a> it -is much admired, because we recognize in it, at the same moment, -all these characteristics; we see him as the umpire between -the goddesses, the paramour of Helen, and yet the slayer -of Achilles. We have a Minerva, too, by Euphranor, at Rome, -known as the “Catulina,” and dedicated below the Capitol, by Q. -Lutatius;<a id="FNanchor_1493_1493"></a><a href="#Footnote_1493_1493" class="fnanchor">1493</a> also a figure of Good Success,<a id="FNanchor_1494_1494"></a><a href="#Footnote_1494_1494" class="fnanchor">1494</a> holding in the right -hand a patera, and in the left an ear of corn and a poppy. -There is also a Latona by him, in the Temple of Concord,<a id="FNanchor_1495_1495"></a><a href="#Footnote_1495_1495" class="fnanchor">1495</a> -with the new-born infants Apollo and Diana in her arms. He -also executed some brazen chariots with four and two horses, -and a Cliduchus<a id="FNanchor_1496_1496"></a><a href="#Footnote_1496_1496" class="fnanchor">1496</a> of beautiful proportions; as also two colossal -statues, one representing Virtue, the other Greece;<a id="FNanchor_1497_1497"></a><a href="#Footnote_1497_1497" class="fnanchor">1497</a> and a -figure of a female lost in wonder and adoration: with statues of -Alexander and Philip in chariots with four horses. Eutychides -executed an emblematic figure of the Eurotas,<a id="FNanchor_1498_1498"></a><a href="#Footnote_1498_1498" class="fnanchor">1498</a> of which it has -been frequently remarked, that the work of the artist appears -more flowing than the waters even of the river.<a id="FNanchor_1499_1499"></a><a href="#Footnote_1499_1499" class="fnanchor">1499</a></p> - -<p>Hegias<a id="FNanchor_1500_1500"></a><a href="#Footnote_1500_1500" class="fnanchor">1500</a> is celebrated for his Minerva and his King Pyrrhus, -his youthful Celetizontes,<a id="FNanchor_1501_1501"></a><a href="#Footnote_1501_1501" class="fnanchor">1501</a> and his statues of Castor and Pollux, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_182">182</a></span>before the Temple of Jupiter Tonans:<a id="FNanchor_1502_1502"></a><a href="#Footnote_1502_1502" class="fnanchor">1502</a> Hegesias,<a id="FNanchor_1503_1503"></a><a href="#Footnote_1503_1503" class="fnanchor">1503</a> for his -Hercules, which is at our colony of Parium.<a id="FNanchor_1504_1504"></a><a href="#Footnote_1504_1504" class="fnanchor">1504</a> Of Isidotus we -have the Buthytes.<a id="FNanchor_1505_1505"></a><a href="#Footnote_1505_1505" class="fnanchor">1505</a></p> - -<p>Lycius was the pupil<a id="FNanchor_1506_1506"></a><a href="#Footnote_1506_1506" class="fnanchor">1506</a> of Myron: he made a figure representing -a boy blowing a nearly extinguished fire, well worthy -of his master, as also figures of the Argonauts. Leochares -made a bronze representing the eagle carrying off Ganymede: -the eagle has all the appearance of being sensible of the importance -of his burden, and for whom he is carrying it, being -careful not to injure the youth with his talons, even through -the garments.<a id="FNanchor_1507_1507"></a><a href="#Footnote_1507_1507" class="fnanchor">1507</a> He executed a figure, also, of Autolycus,<a id="FNanchor_1508_1508"></a><a href="#Footnote_1508_1508" class="fnanchor">1508</a> who -had been victorious in the contests of the Pancratium, and for -whom Xenophon wrote his Symposium;<a id="FNanchor_1509_1509"></a><a href="#Footnote_1509_1509" class="fnanchor">1509</a> the figure, also, of -Jupiter Tonans in the Capitol, the most admired of all his -works; and a statue of Apollo crowned with a diadem. He -executed, also, a figure of Lyciscus, and one of the boy Lagon,<a id="FNanchor_1510_1510"></a><a href="#Footnote_1510_1510" class="fnanchor">1510</a> -full of the archness and low-bred cunning of the slave. Lycius -also made a figure of a boy burning perfumes.</p> - -<p>We have a young bull by Menæchmus,<a id="FNanchor_1511_1511"></a><a href="#Footnote_1511_1511" class="fnanchor">1511</a> pressed down beneath -a man’s knee, with its neck bent back:<a id="FNanchor_1512_1512"></a><a href="#Footnote_1512_1512" class="fnanchor">1512</a> this Menæchmus -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_183">183</a></span>has also written a treatise on his art. Naucydes<a id="FNanchor_1513_1513"></a><a href="#Footnote_1513_1513" class="fnanchor">1513</a> is -admired for a Mercury, a Discobolus,<a id="FNanchor_1514_1514"></a><a href="#Footnote_1514_1514" class="fnanchor">1514</a> and a Man sacrificing a -Ram. Naucerus made a figure of a wrestler panting for -breath; Niceratus, an Æsculapius and Hygeia,<a id="FNanchor_1515_1515"></a><a href="#Footnote_1515_1515" class="fnanchor">1515</a> which are -in the Temple of Concord at Rome. Pyromachus represented -Alcibiades, managing a chariot with four horses: Polycles -made a splendid statue of Hermaphroditus; Pyrrhus, statues of -Hygeia and Minerva; and Phanis, who was a pupil of Lysippus, -an Epithyusa.<a id="FNanchor_1516_1516"></a><a href="#Footnote_1516_1516" class="fnanchor">1516</a></p> - -<p>Stypax of Cyprus acquired his celebrity by a single work, -the statue of the Splanchnoptes;<a id="FNanchor_1517_1517"></a><a href="#Footnote_1517_1517" class="fnanchor">1517</a> which represents a slave of -the Olympian Pericles, roasting entrails and kindling the fire -with his breath. Silanion made a statue in metal of Apollodorus, -who was himself a modeller, and not only the most -diligent of all in the study of this art, but a most severe -criticizer of his own works, frequently breaking his statues to -pieces when he had finished them, and never able to satisfy -his intense passion for the art—a circumstance which procured -him the surname of “the Madman.” Indeed, it is this expression -which he has given to his works, which represent in -metal embodied anger rather than the lineaments of a human -being. The Achilles, also, of Silanion is very excellent, and -his Epistates<a id="FNanchor_1518_1518"></a><a href="#Footnote_1518_1518" class="fnanchor">1518</a> exercising the Athletes. Strongylion<a id="FNanchor_1519_1519"></a><a href="#Footnote_1519_1519" class="fnanchor">1519</a> made a -figure of an Amazon, which, from the beauty of the legs, was -known as the “Eucnemos,”<a id="FNanchor_1520_1520"></a><a href="#Footnote_1520_1520" class="fnanchor">1520</a> and which Nero used to have carried -about with him in his travels. Strongylion was the artist, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_184">184</a></span>also, of a youthful figure, which was so much admired by -Brutus of Philippi, that it received from him its surname.<a id="FNanchor_1521_1521"></a><a href="#Footnote_1521_1521" class="fnanchor">1521</a></p> - -<p>Theodorus of Samos,<a id="FNanchor_1522_1522"></a><a href="#Footnote_1522_1522" class="fnanchor">1522</a> who constructed the Labyrinth,<a id="FNanchor_1523_1523"></a><a href="#Footnote_1523_1523" class="fnanchor">1523</a> cast -his own statue in brass; which was greatly admired, not only -for its resemblance, but for the extreme delicacy of the work. -In the right hand he holds a file, and with three fingers of the -left, a little model of a four-horse chariot, which has since -been transferred to Præneste:<a id="FNanchor_1524_1524"></a><a href="#Footnote_1524_1524" class="fnanchor">1524</a> it is so extremely minute, that -the whole piece, both chariot and charioteer, may be covered -by the wings of a fly, which he also made with it.</p> - -<p>Xenocrates<a id="FNanchor_1525_1525"></a><a href="#Footnote_1525_1525" class="fnanchor">1525</a> was the pupil of Ticrates, or, as some say, of -Euthycrates: he surpassed them both, however, in the number -of his statues, and was the author of some treatises on his art.</p> - -<p>Several artists have represented the battles fought by Attalus -and Eumenes with the Galli;<a id="FNanchor_1526_1526"></a><a href="#Footnote_1526_1526" class="fnanchor">1526</a> Isigonus, for instance, Pyromachus, -Stratonicus, and Antigonus,<a id="FNanchor_1527_1527"></a><a href="#Footnote_1527_1527" class="fnanchor">1527</a> who also wrote some -works in reference to his art. Boëthus,<a id="FNanchor_1528_1528"></a><a href="#Footnote_1528_1528" class="fnanchor">1528</a> although more celebrated -for his works in silver, has executed a beautiful figure -of a child strangling a goose. The most celebrated of all the -works, of which I have here spoken, have been dedicated, for -some time past, by the Emperor Vespasianus in the Temple of -Peace,<a id="FNanchor_1529_1529"></a><a href="#Footnote_1529_1529" class="fnanchor">1529</a> and other public buildings of his. They had before -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_185">185</a></span>been forcibly carried off by Nero,<a id="FNanchor_1530_1530"></a><a href="#Footnote_1530_1530" class="fnanchor">1530</a> and brought to Rome, -and arranged by him in the reception-rooms of his Golden -Palace.<a id="FNanchor_1531_1531"></a><a href="#Footnote_1531_1531" class="fnanchor">1531</a></p> - -<p>In addition to these, there are several other artists, of about -equal celebrity, but none of whom have produced any first-rate -works; Ariston,<a id="FNanchor_1532_1532"></a><a href="#Footnote_1532_1532" class="fnanchor">1532</a> who was principally employed in chasing -silver, Callides, Ctesias, Cantharus of Sicyon,<a id="FNanchor_1533_1533"></a><a href="#Footnote_1533_1533" class="fnanchor">1533</a> Diodorus, a -pupil of Critias, Deliades, Euphorion, Eunicus,<a id="FNanchor_1534_1534"></a><a href="#Footnote_1534_1534" class="fnanchor">1534</a> and Hecatæus,<a id="FNanchor_1535_1535"></a><a href="#Footnote_1535_1535" class="fnanchor">1535</a> -all of them chasers in silver; Lesbocles, also, Prodorus, Pythodicus, -and Polygnotus,<a id="FNanchor_1536_1536"></a><a href="#Footnote_1536_1536" class="fnanchor">1536</a> one of the most celebrated painters; -also two other chasers in silver, Stratonicus,<a id="FNanchor_1537_1537"></a><a href="#Footnote_1537_1537" class="fnanchor">1537</a> and Scymnus, a -pupil of Critias.</p> - -<p>I shall now enumerate those artists who have executed -works of the same class:— Apollodorus,<a id="FNanchor_1538_1538"></a><a href="#Footnote_1538_1538" class="fnanchor">1538</a> for example, Antrobulus, -Asclepiodorus, and Aleuas, who have executed statues -of philosophers. Apellas<a id="FNanchor_1539_1539"></a><a href="#Footnote_1539_1539" class="fnanchor">1539</a> has left us some figures of females -in the act of adoration; Antignotus, a Perixyomenos,<a id="FNanchor_1540_1540"></a><a href="#Footnote_1540_1540" class="fnanchor">1540</a> and -figures of the Tyrannicides, already mentioned. Antimachus -and Athenodorus made some statues of females of noble birth; -Aristodemus<a id="FNanchor_1541_1541"></a><a href="#Footnote_1541_1541" class="fnanchor">1541</a> executed figures of wrestlers, two-horse chariots -with the charioteers, philosophers, aged women, and a statue -of King Seleucus:<a id="FNanchor_1542_1542"></a><a href="#Footnote_1542_1542" class="fnanchor">1542</a> his Doryphoros,<a id="FNanchor_1543_1543"></a><a href="#Footnote_1543_1543" class="fnanchor">1543</a> too, possesses his characteristic -gracefulness.</p> - -<p>There were two artists of the name of Cephisodotus:<a id="FNanchor_1544_1544"></a><a href="#Footnote_1544_1544" class="fnanchor">1544</a> the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_186">186</a></span>earlier of them made a figure of Mercury nursing Father Liber<a id="FNanchor_1545_1545"></a><a href="#Footnote_1545_1545" class="fnanchor">1545</a> -when an infant; also of a man haranguing, with the hand -elevated, the original of which is now unknown. The younger -Cephisodotus executed statues of philosophers. Colotes,<a id="FNanchor_1546_1546"></a><a href="#Footnote_1546_1546" class="fnanchor">1546</a> who -assisted Phidias in the Olympian Jupiter, also executed statues -of philosophers; the same, too, with Cleon,<a id="FNanchor_1547_1547"></a><a href="#Footnote_1547_1547" class="fnanchor">1547</a> Cenchramis, -Callicles,<a id="FNanchor_1548_1548"></a><a href="#Footnote_1548_1548" class="fnanchor">1548</a> and Cepis. Chalcosthenes made statues of comedians -and athletes. Daïppus<a id="FNanchor_1549_1549"></a><a href="#Footnote_1549_1549" class="fnanchor">1549</a> executed a Perixyomenos.<a id="FNanchor_1550_1550"></a><a href="#Footnote_1550_1550" class="fnanchor">1550</a> -Daïphron, Democritus,<a id="FNanchor_1551_1551"></a><a href="#Footnote_1551_1551" class="fnanchor">1551</a> and Dæmon made statues of philosophers.</p> - -<p>Epigonus, who has attempted nearly all the above-named -classes of works, has distinguished himself more particularly -by his Trumpeter, and his Child in Tears, caressing its murdered -mother. The Woman in Admiration, of Eubulus, is -highly praised; and so is the Man, by Eubulides,<a id="FNanchor_1552_1552"></a><a href="#Footnote_1552_1552" class="fnanchor">1552</a> reckoning -on his Fingers. Micon<a id="FNanchor_1553_1553"></a><a href="#Footnote_1553_1553" class="fnanchor">1553</a> is admired for his athletes; Menogenes, -for his four-horse chariots. Niceratus,<a id="FNanchor_1554_1554"></a><a href="#Footnote_1554_1554" class="fnanchor">1554</a> too, who -attempted every kind of work that had been executed by any -other artist, made statues of Alcibiades and of his mother -Demarate,<a id="FNanchor_1555_1555"></a><a href="#Footnote_1555_1555" class="fnanchor">1555</a> who is represented sacrificing by the light of -torches.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_187">187</a></span></p> - -<p>Tisicrates<a id="FNanchor_1556_1556"></a><a href="#Footnote_1556_1556" class="fnanchor">1556</a> executed a two-horse chariot in brass, in which -Piston afterwards placed the figure of a female. Piston also -made the statues of Mars and Mercury, which are in the -Temple of Concord at Rome. No one can commend Perillus;<a id="FNanchor_1557_1557"></a><a href="#Footnote_1557_1557" class="fnanchor">1557</a> -more cruel even than the tyrant Phalaris<a id="FNanchor_1558_1558"></a><a href="#Footnote_1558_1558" class="fnanchor">1558</a> himself, he made -for him a brazen bull, asserting that when a man was enclosed -in it, and fire applied beneath, the cries of the man would -resemble the roaring of a bull: however, with a cruelty in -this instance marked by justice, the experiment of this torture -was first tried upon himself. To such a degree did this man -degrade the art of representing gods and men, an art more -adapted than any other to refine the feelings! Surely so many -persons had not toiled to perfect it in order to make it an instrument -of torture! Hence it is that the works of Perillus are -only preserved, in order that whoever sees them, may detest -the hands that made them.</p> - -<p>Sthennis<a id="FNanchor_1559_1559"></a><a href="#Footnote_1559_1559" class="fnanchor">1559</a> made the statues of Ceres, Jupiter, and Minerva, -which are now in the Temple of Concord; also figures of matrons -weeping, adoring, and offering sacrifice; Simon<a id="FNanchor_1560_1560"></a><a href="#Footnote_1560_1560" class="fnanchor">1560</a> executed -figures of a dog and an archer. Stratonicus,<a id="FNanchor_1561_1561"></a><a href="#Footnote_1561_1561" class="fnanchor">1561</a> the chaser -in silver, made some figures of philosophers; and so did both -of the artists named Scopas.<a id="FNanchor_1562_1562"></a><a href="#Footnote_1562_1562" class="fnanchor">1562</a></p> - -<p>The following artists have made statues of athletes, armed -men, hunters, and sacrifices—Baton,<a id="FNanchor_1563_1563"></a><a href="#Footnote_1563_1563" class="fnanchor">1563</a> Euchir,<a id="FNanchor_1564_1564"></a><a href="#Footnote_1564_1564" class="fnanchor">1564</a> Glaucides,<a id="FNanchor_1565_1565"></a><a href="#Footnote_1565_1565" class="fnanchor">1565</a> -Heliodorus,<a id="FNanchor_1566_1566"></a><a href="#Footnote_1566_1566" class="fnanchor">1566</a> Hicanus, Leophon, Lyson,<a id="FNanchor_1567_1567"></a><a href="#Footnote_1567_1567" class="fnanchor">1567</a> Leon, Menodorus,<a id="FNanchor_1568_1568"></a><a href="#Footnote_1568_1568" class="fnanchor">1568</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_188">188</a></span>Myagrus,<a id="FNanchor_1569_1569"></a><a href="#Footnote_1569_1569" class="fnanchor">1569</a> Polycrates, Polyidus,<a id="FNanchor_1570_1570"></a><a href="#Footnote_1570_1570" class="fnanchor">1570</a> Pythocritus, Protogenes, a -famous painter, whom we shall have occasion to mention hereafter;<a id="FNanchor_1571_1571"></a><a href="#Footnote_1571_1571" class="fnanchor">1571</a> -Patrocles, Pollis, Posidonius<a id="FNanchor_1572_1572"></a><a href="#Footnote_1572_1572" class="fnanchor">1572</a> the Ephesian, who was -also a celebrated chaser in silver; Periclymenus,<a id="FNanchor_1573_1573"></a><a href="#Footnote_1573_1573" class="fnanchor">1573</a> Philon,<a id="FNanchor_1574_1574"></a><a href="#Footnote_1574_1574" class="fnanchor">1574</a> -Symenus, Timotheus,<a id="FNanchor_1575_1575"></a><a href="#Footnote_1575_1575" class="fnanchor">1575</a> Theomnestus,<a id="FNanchor_1576_1576"></a><a href="#Footnote_1576_1576" class="fnanchor">1576</a> Timarchides,<a id="FNanchor_1577_1577"></a><a href="#Footnote_1577_1577" class="fnanchor">1577</a> Timon, -Tisias, and Thrason.<a id="FNanchor_1578_1578"></a><a href="#Footnote_1578_1578" class="fnanchor">1578</a></p> - -<p>But of all these, Callimachus is the most remarkable, on -account of his surname. Being always dissatisfied with himself, -and continually correcting his works, he obtained the name -of “Catatexitechnos;”<a id="FNanchor_1579_1579"></a><a href="#Footnote_1579_1579" class="fnanchor">1579</a> thus affording a memorable example -of the necessity of observing moderation even in carefulness. -His Laconian Female Dancers, for instance, is a most correct -performance, but one in which, by extreme correctness, he has -effaced all gracefulness. It has been said, too, that Callimachus -was a painter also. Cato, in his expedition against -Cyprus,<a id="FNanchor_1580_1580"></a><a href="#Footnote_1580_1580" class="fnanchor">1580</a> sold all the statues that he found there, with the exception -of one of Zeno; in which case he was influenced, neither -by the value of the metal nor by its excellence as a work of -art, but by the fact that it was the statue of a philosopher. I -only mention this circumstance casually, that an example<a id="FNanchor_1581_1581"></a><a href="#Footnote_1581_1581" class="fnanchor">1581</a> -so little followed, may be known.</p> - -<p>While speaking of statues, there is one other that should -not be omitted, although its author is unknown, that of Hercules -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_189">189</a></span>clothed in a tunic,<a id="FNanchor_1582_1582"></a><a href="#Footnote_1582_1582" class="fnanchor">1582</a> the only one represented in that -costume in Rome: it stands near the Rostra, and the countenance -is stern and expressive of his last agonies, caused by -that dress. There are three inscriptions on it; the first of -which states that it had formed part of the spoil obtained by -L. Lucullus<a id="FNanchor_1583_1583"></a><a href="#Footnote_1583_1583" class="fnanchor">1583</a> the general; the second, that his son, while still -a minor, dedicated in accordance with a decree of the Senate; -the third, that T. Septimius Sabinus, the curule ædile, had it -restored to the public from the hands of a private individual. -So vast has been the rivalry caused by this statue, and so high -the value set upon it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_20"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 20.—THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF COPPER AND ITS COMBINATIONS. -PYROPUS. CAMPANIAN COPPER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We will now return to the different kinds of copper, and its -several combinations. In Cyprian copper we have the kind -known as “coronarium,”<a id="FNanchor_1584_1584"></a><a href="#Footnote_1584_1584" class="fnanchor">1584</a> and that called “regulare,”<a id="FNanchor_1585_1585"></a><a href="#Footnote_1585_1585" class="fnanchor">1585</a> both -of them ductile. The former is made into thin leaves, and, -after being coloured with ox-gall,<a id="FNanchor_1586_1586"></a><a href="#Footnote_1586_1586" class="fnanchor">1586</a> is used for what has all -the appearance of gilding on the coronets worn upon the stage. -The same substance, if mixed with gold, in the proportion of -six scruples of gold to the ounce, and reduced into thin plates, -acquires a fiery red colour, and is termed “pyropus.”<a id="FNanchor_1587_1587"></a><a href="#Footnote_1587_1587" class="fnanchor">1587</a> In -other mines again, they prepare the kind known as “regulare,” -as also that which is called “caldarium.”<a id="FNanchor_1588_1588"></a><a href="#Footnote_1588_1588" class="fnanchor">1588</a> These differ from -each other in this respect, that, in the latter, the metal is only -fused, and breaks when struck with the hammer, whereas the -“regulare” is malleable, or ductile,<a id="FNanchor_1589_1589"></a><a href="#Footnote_1589_1589" class="fnanchor">1589</a> as some call it, a property -which belongs naturally to all the copper of Cyprus. In the -case, however, of all the other mines, this difference between -bar copper and cast brass is produced by artificial means. All -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_190">190</a></span>the ores, in fact, will produce bar or malleable copper when -sufficiently melted and purified by heat. Among the other -kinds of copper, the palm of excellence is awarded to that of -Campania,<a id="FNanchor_1590_1590"></a><a href="#Footnote_1590_1590" class="fnanchor">1590</a> which is the most esteemed for vessels and utensils. -This last is prepared several ways. At Capua it is melted -upon fires made with wood, and not coals, after which it -is sprinkled with cold water and cleansed through a sieve -made of oak. After being thus smelted a number of times, -Spanish silver-lead is added to it, in the proportion of ten -pounds of lead to one hundred pounds of copper; a method -by which it is rendered pliable, and made to assume that agreeable -colour which is imparted to other kinds of copper by the -application of oil and the action of the sun. Many parts, -however, of Italy, and the provinces, produce a similar kind -of metal; but there they add only eight pounds of lead, and, -in consequence of the scarcity of wood, melt it several times -over upon coals. It is in Gaul more particularly, where the -ore is melted between red-hot stones, that the difference is to -be seen that is produced by these variations in the method of -smelting. Indeed, this last method scorches the metal, and -renders it black and friable. Besides, they only melt it twice; -whereas, the oftener this operation is repeated, the better in -quality it becomes.</p> - -<p>(9.) It is also as well to remark that all copper fuses best -when the weather is intensely cold. The proper combination -for making statues and tablets is as follows: the ore is first -melted; after which there is added to the molten metal one -third part of second-hand<a id="FNanchor_1591_1591"></a><a href="#Footnote_1591_1591" class="fnanchor">1591</a> copper, or in other words, copper -that has been in use and bought up for the purpose. For it -is a peculiarity of this metal that when it has been some time -in use, and has been subject to long-continued friction, it becomes -seasoned, and subdued, as it were, to a high polish. -Twelve pounds and a half of silver-lead are then added to -every hundred pounds of the fused metal. There is also a -combination of copper, of a most delicate nature, “mould-copper,”<a id="FNanchor_1592_1592"></a><a href="#Footnote_1592_1592" class="fnanchor">1592</a> -as it is called; there being added to the metal one -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_191">191</a></span>tenth part of lead<a id="FNanchor_1593_1593"></a><a href="#Footnote_1593_1593" class="fnanchor">1593</a> and one twentieth of silver-lead, this -combination being the best adapted for taking the colour -known as “Græcænicus.”<a id="FNanchor_1594_1594"></a><a href="#Footnote_1594_1594" class="fnanchor">1594</a> The last kind is that known as -“ollaria,”<a id="FNanchor_1595_1595"></a><a href="#Footnote_1595_1595" class="fnanchor">1595</a> from the vessels that are made of it: in this -combination three or four pounds of silver-lead<a id="FNanchor_1596_1596"></a><a href="#Footnote_1596_1596" class="fnanchor">1596</a> are added to -every hundred pounds of copper. By the addition of lead to -Cyprian copper, the purple tint is produced that we see upon -the drapery of statues.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_21"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 21.—THE METHOD OF PRESERVING COPPER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Copper becomes covered with verdigris more quickly when -cleaned than when neglected, unless it is well rubbed with -oil. It is said that the best method of preserving it is -with a coating of tar. The custom of making use of copper -for monuments, which are intended to be perpetuated, is of -very ancient date: it is upon tablets of brass that our public -enactments are engraved.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 22. (10.)—CADMIA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The ores of copper furnish a number of resources<a id="FNanchor_1597_1597"></a><a href="#Footnote_1597_1597" class="fnanchor">1597</a> that are -employed in medicine; indeed, all kinds of ulcers are healed -thereby with great rapidity. Of these, however, the most -useful is cadmia.<a id="FNanchor_1598_1598"></a><a href="#Footnote_1598_1598" class="fnanchor">1598</a> This substance is formed artificially, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_192">192</a></span>beyond a doubt, in the furnaces, also, where they smelt silver, -but it is whiter and not so heavy, and by no means to be compared -with that from copper. There are several kinds of it. For, -as the mineral itself, from which it is prepared artificially, so -necessary in fusing copper ore, and so useful in medicine, has -the name of “cadmia,”<a id="FNanchor_1599_1599"></a><a href="#Footnote_1599_1599" class="fnanchor">1599</a> so also is it found in the smelting-furnaces, -where it receives other names, according to the way in -which it is formed. By the action of the flame and the blast, -the more attenuated parts of the metal are separated, and -become attached, in proportion to their lightness, to the -arched top and sides of the furnace. These flakes are the -thinnest near the exterior opening of the furnace, where the -flame finds a vent, the substance being called “capnitis;”<a id="FNanchor_1600_1600"></a><a href="#Footnote_1600_1600" class="fnanchor">1600</a> -from its burnt appearance and its extreme lightness it resembles -white ashes. The best is that which is found in the -interior, hanging from the arches of the chimney, and from its -form and position named “botryitis.”<a id="FNanchor_1601_1601"></a><a href="#Footnote_1601_1601" class="fnanchor">1601</a> It is heavier than the -first-mentioned kind, but lighter than those which follow. It -is of two different colours: the least valuable is ash-coloured, -the better kind being red, friable, and extremely useful as a -remedy for affections of the eyes.</p> - -<p>A third kind of cadmia is that found on the sides of the -furnace, and which, in consequence of its weight, could not -reach the arched vaults of the chimney. This species is -called “placitis,”<a id="FNanchor_1602_1602"></a><a href="#Footnote_1602_1602" class="fnanchor">1602</a> in reference to its solid appearance, it presenting -a plane surface more like a solid crust than pumice, -and mottled within. Its great use is, for the cure of itch-scab, -and for making wounds cicatrize. Of this last there -are two varieties, the “onychitis,” which is almost entirely -blue on the exterior, and spotted like an onyx within; -and the “ostracitis,”<a id="FNanchor_1603_1603"></a><a href="#Footnote_1603_1603" class="fnanchor">1603</a> which is quite black and more dirty -than the others, but particularly useful for healing wounds. -All the species of cadmia are of the best quality from the -furnaces of Cyprus. When used in medicine it is heated a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_193">193</a></span>second time upon a fire of pure charcoal, and when duly -incinerated, is quenched in Aminean<a id="FNanchor_1604_1604"></a><a href="#Footnote_1604_1604" class="fnanchor">1604</a> wine, if required for -making plasters, but in vinegar, if wanted for the cure of itch-scab. -Some persons first pound it, and then burn it in -earthen pots; which done, they wash it in mortars and then -dry it.</p> - -<p>Nymphodorus<a id="FNanchor_1605_1605"></a><a href="#Footnote_1605_1605" class="fnanchor">1605</a> recommends that the most heavy and dense -pieces of mineral cadmia that can be procured, should be -burnt upon hot coals and quenched in Chian wine; after -which, it must be pounded and then sifted through a linen -cloth. It is then pulverized in a mortar and macerated in -rain water, the sediment being again pounded until it is -reduced to the consistency of ceruse, and presents no grittiness -to the teeth. Iollas<a id="FNanchor_1606_1606"></a><a href="#Footnote_1606_1606" class="fnanchor">1606</a> recommends the same process; -except that he selects the purest specimens of native cadmia.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_23"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 23.—FIFTEEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM CADMIA. TEN -MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF CALCINED COPPER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Cadmia<a id="FNanchor_1607_1607"></a><a href="#Footnote_1607_1607" class="fnanchor">1607</a> acts as a desiccative, heals wounds, arrests discharges, -acts detergently upon webs and foul incrustations of -the eyes, removes eruptions, and produces, in fact, all the good -effects which we shall have occasion to mention when speaking -of lead. Copper too, itself, when calcined, is employed for -all these purposes; in addition to which it is used for white -spots and cicatrizations upon the eyes. Mixed with milk, it -is curative also of ulcers upon the eyes; for which purpose, -the people in Egypt make a kind of eye-salve by grinding it -upon whet stones. Taken with honey, it acts as an emetic. -For these purposes, Cyprian copper is calcined in unbaked -earthen pots, with an equal quantity of sulphur; the apertures -of the vessel being well luted, and it being left in the furnace -until the vessel itself has become completely hardened. Some -persons add salt, and others substitute alum<a id="FNanchor_1608_1608"></a><a href="#Footnote_1608_1608" class="fnanchor">1608</a> for sulphur; -others, again, add nothing, but merely sprinkle the copper with -vinegar. When calcined, it is pounded in a mortar of Thebaic -stone,<a id="FNanchor_1609_1609"></a><a href="#Footnote_1609_1609" class="fnanchor">1609</a> after which it is washed with rain water, and then -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_194">194</a></span>pounded with a large quantity of water, and left to settle. -This process is repeated until the deposit has gained the -appearance of minium;<a id="FNanchor_1610_1610"></a><a href="#Footnote_1610_1610" class="fnanchor">1610</a> after which it is dried in the sun, and -put by for keeping in a box made of copper.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_24"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 24. (11.)—THE SCORIA OF COPPER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The scoria, too, of copper is washed in the same manner; but -the action of it is less efficacious than that of copper itself. -The flower, too, of copper<a id="FNanchor_1611_1611"></a><a href="#Footnote_1611_1611" class="fnanchor">1611</a> is also used in medicine; a substance -which is procured by fusing copper, and then removing it into -another furnace, where the repeated action of the bellows -makes the metal separate into small scales, like the husks of -millet, and known as “flower of copper.” These scales are -also separated, when the cakes of metal are plunged into -water: they become red, too, like the scales of copper known -as “lepis,”<a id="FNanchor_1612_1612"></a><a href="#Footnote_1612_1612" class="fnanchor">1612</a> by means of which the genuine flower of copper -is adulterated, it being also sold under that name. This last is -made by hammering nails that are forged from the cakes of -metal. All these processes are principally carried on in the -furnaces of Cyprus; the great difference between these substances -being, that this lepis is detached from the cakes by -hammering, whereas the flower falls off spontaneously.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_25"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 25.—STOMOMA OF COPPER; FORTY-SEVEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is another finer kind of scale which is detached from -the surface of the metal, like a very fine down, and known -as “stomoma.”<a id="FNanchor_1613_1613"></a><a href="#Footnote_1613_1613" class="fnanchor">1613</a> But of all these substances, and even of -their names, the physicians, if I may venture so to say, are -quite ignorant, as appears by the names they give them; so -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_195">195</a></span>unacquainted are they with the preparation of medicaments, -a thing that was formerly considered the most essential part -of their profession.<a id="FNanchor_1614_1614"></a><a href="#Footnote_1614_1614" class="fnanchor">1614</a> At the present day, whenever they -happen to find a book of recipes, if they wish to make any -composition from these substances, or, in other words, to make -trial of the prescription at the expense of their unhappy -patients, they trust entirely to the druggists,<a id="FNanchor_1615_1615"></a><a href="#Footnote_1615_1615" class="fnanchor">1615</a> who spoil -everything by their fraudulent adulterations. For this long -time past, they have even purchased their plasters and eye-salves -ready made, and the consequence is, that the spoiled or -adulterated wares in the druggists’ shops are thus got rid of.</p> - -<p>Both lepis and flower of copper are calcined in shallow -earthen or brazen pans; after which they are washed, as -described above,<a id="FNanchor_1616_1616"></a><a href="#Footnote_1616_1616" class="fnanchor">1616</a> and employed for the same purposes; in addition -to which, they are used for excrescences in the nostrils and -in the anus, as also for dullness of the hearing, being forcibly -blown into the ears through a tube. Incorporated with meal, -they are applied to swellings of the uvula, and, with honey, to -swellings of the tonsils. The scales prepared from white -copper are much less efficacious than those from Cyprian -copper. Sometimes they first macerate the nails and cakes of -copper in a boy’s urine; and in some instances, they pound -the scales, when detached, and wash them in rain water. -They are then given to dropsical patients, in doses of two -drachmæ, with one semisextarius of honied wine: they are also -made into a liniment with fine flour.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_26"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 26.—VERDIGRIS; EIGHTEEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Verdigris<a id="FNanchor_1617_1617"></a><a href="#Footnote_1617_1617" class="fnanchor">1617</a> is also applied to many purposes, and is prepared -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_196">196</a></span>in numerous ways. Sometimes it is detached already formed, -from the mineral from which copper is smelted: and sometimes -it is made by piercing holes in white copper, and suspending -it over strong vinegar in casks, which are closed with -covers; it being much superior if scales of copper are used for -the purpose. Some persons plunge vessels themselves, made -of white copper, into earthen pots filled with vinegar, and -scrape them at the end of ten days. Others, again, cover the -vessels with husks of grapes,<a id="FNanchor_1618_1618"></a><a href="#Footnote_1618_1618" class="fnanchor">1618</a> and scrape them in the same -way, at the end of ten days. Others sprinkle vinegar upon -copper filings, and stir them frequently with a spatula in the -course of the day, until they are completely dissolved. Others -prefer triturating these filings with vinegar in a brazen -mortar: but the most expeditious method of all is to add to -the vinegar shavings of coronet copper.<a id="FNanchor_1619_1619"></a><a href="#Footnote_1619_1619" class="fnanchor">1619</a> Rhodian verdigris, -more particularly, is adulterated with pounded marble; some -persons use pumice-stone or gum.</p> - -<p>The adulteration, however, which is the most difficult to -detect, is made with copperas;<a id="FNanchor_1620_1620"></a><a href="#Footnote_1620_1620" class="fnanchor">1620</a> the other sophistications -being detected by the crackling of the substance when bitten -with the teeth. The best mode of testing it is by using an -iron fire-shovel; for when thus subjected to the fire, if pure, -the verdigris retains its colour, but if mixed with copperas, it -becomes red. The fraud may also be detected by using a leaf -of papyrus, which has been steeped in an infusion of nut-galls; -for it becomes black immediately upon the genuine verdigris -being applied. It may also be detected by the eye; the green -colour being unpleasant to the sight. But whether it is pure -or adulterated, the best method is first to wash and dry it, and -then to burn it in a new earthen vessel, turning it over until -it is reduced to an ash;<a id="FNanchor_1621_1621"></a><a href="#Footnote_1621_1621" class="fnanchor">1621</a> after which it is pounded and put by -for use. Some persons calcine it in raw earthen vessels, until -the earthenware becomes thoroughly baked: others again add -to it male frankincense.<a id="FNanchor_1622_1622"></a><a href="#Footnote_1622_1622" class="fnanchor">1622</a> Verdigris is washed, too, in the same -manner as cadmia.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_197">197</a></span></p> - -<p>It affords a most useful ingredient for eye-salves, and from -its mordent action is highly beneficial for watery humours of -the eyes. It is necessary, however, to wash the part with -warm water, applied with a fine sponge, until its mordency -is no longer felt.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_27"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 27.—HIERACIUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>“Hieracium”<a id="FNanchor_1623_1623"></a><a href="#Footnote_1623_1623" class="fnanchor">1623</a> is the name given to an eye-salve, which is -essentially composed of the following ingredients; four ounces -of sal ammoniac, two of Cyprian verdigris, the same quantity -of the kind of copperas which is called “chalcanthum,”<a id="FNanchor_1624_1624"></a><a href="#Footnote_1624_1624" class="fnanchor">1624</a> one -ounce of misy<a id="FNanchor_1625_1625"></a><a href="#Footnote_1625_1625" class="fnanchor">1625</a> and six of saffron; all these substances being -pounded together with Thasian vinegar and made up into -pills. It is an excellent remedy for incipient glaucoma and -cataract, as also for films upon the eyes, eruptions, albugo, -and diseases of the eye-lids. Verdigris, in a crude state, is -also used as an ingredient in plasters for wounds. In combination -with oil, it is wonderfully efficacious for ulcerations -of the mouth and gums, and for sore lips. Used in the form -of a cerate, it acts detergently upon ulcers, and promotes their -cicatrization. Verdigris also consumes the callosities of fistulas -and excrescences about the anus, either used by itself, -applied with sal ammoniac, or inserted in the fistula in the -form of a salve. The same substance, kneaded with one third -part of resin of turpentine, removes leprosy.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_28"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 28. (12.)—SCOLEX OF COPPER; EIGHTEEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is another kind of verdigris also, which is called -“scolex.”<a id="FNanchor_1626_1626"></a><a href="#Footnote_1626_1626" class="fnanchor">1626</a> It is prepared by triturating in a mortar of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_198">198</a></span>Cyprian copper, alum and salt, or an equal quantity of nitre, -with the very strongest white vinegar. This preparation is -only made during the hottest days of the year, about the -rising of the Dog-star. The whole is triturated until it becomes -green, and assumes the appearance of small worms, to -which it owes its name. This repulsive form is corrected by -mixing the urine of a young child, with twice the quantity of -vinegar. Scolex is used for the same medicinal purposes as -santerna, which we have described as being used for soldering -gold,<a id="FNanchor_1627_1627"></a><a href="#Footnote_1627_1627" class="fnanchor">1627</a> and they have, both of them, the same properties as -verdigris. Native scolex is also procured by scraping the -copper ore of which we are about to speak.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_29"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 29.—CHALCITIS: SEVEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Chalcitis<a id="FNanchor_1628_1628"></a><a href="#Footnote_1628_1628" class="fnanchor">1628</a> is the name of a mineral, from which, as well as -cadmia, copper is extracted by heat. It differs from cadmia -in this respect, that this last is procured from beds below the -surface, while chalcitis is detached from rocks that are exposed -to the air. Chalcitis also becomes immediately friable, being -naturally so soft as to have the appearance of a compressed -mass of down. There is also this other distinction between -them, that chalcitis is a composition of three other substances, -copper, misy, and sory,<a id="FNanchor_1629_1629"></a><a href="#Footnote_1629_1629" class="fnanchor">1629</a> of which last we shall speak in their -appropriate places.<a id="FNanchor_1630_1630"></a><a href="#Footnote_1630_1630" class="fnanchor">1630</a> The veins of copper which it contains are -oblong. The most approved kind is of the colour of honey; -it is streaked with fine sinuous veins, and is friable and not -stony. It is generally thought to be most valuable when fresh, -as, when old, it becomes converted into sory. It is highly -useful for removing fleshy excrescences in ulcers, for arresting -hæmorrhage, and, in the form of a powder, for acting astringently -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_199">199</a></span>upon the gums, the uvula, and the tonsillary glands.<a id="FNanchor_1631_1631"></a><a href="#Footnote_1631_1631" class="fnanchor">1631</a> -It is applied in wool, as a pessary, for affections of the uterus; -and with leek juice it is formed into plasters for diseases of -the genitals. This substance is macerated for forty days in -vinegar, in an earthen vessel luted with dung; after which it -acquires a saffron colour. When this composition is mixed with -an equal proportion of cadmia, it forms the medicament known -as “psoricon.”<a id="FNanchor_1632_1632"></a><a href="#Footnote_1632_1632" class="fnanchor">1632</a> If two parts of chalcitis are combined with -one of cadmia, the medicament becomes more active; and it is -rendered still more powerful if vinegar is used instead of wine. -For all these purposes, calcined chalcitis is the most efficacious.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_30"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 30.—SORY: THREE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The sory<a id="FNanchor_1633_1633"></a><a href="#Footnote_1633_1633" class="fnanchor">1633</a> of Egypt is the most esteemed, being considered -much superior to that of Cyprus, Spain, and Africa; although -some prefer the sory from Cyprus for affections of the eyes. -But from whatever place it comes, the best is that which has -the strongest odour, and which, when triturated, becomes -greasy, black, and spongy. It is a substance so unpleasant to -the stomach, that some persons are made sick merely by its -smell. This is the case more particularly with the sory from -Egypt. That from other countries, by trituration, acquires -the lustre of misy, and is of a more gritty consistency. Held -in the mouth, and used as a collutory, it is good for toothache. -It is also useful for malignant ulcers of a serpiginous nature. -It is calcined upon charcoal, like chalcitis.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_31"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 31.—MISY: THIRTEEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Some persons have stated, that misy<a id="FNanchor_1634_1634"></a><a href="#Footnote_1634_1634" class="fnanchor">1634</a> is formed by the calcination -of the mineral, in trenches;<a id="FNanchor_1635_1635"></a><a href="#Footnote_1635_1635" class="fnanchor">1635</a> its fine yellow powder -becoming mixed with the ashes of the burnt fire-wood. -The fact is, however, that though obtained from the mineral, -it is already formed, and in compact masses, which require -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_200">200</a></span>force to detach them. The best is that which comes from -the manufactories of Cyprus, its characteristics being, that -when broken, it sparkles like gold, and when triturated, it -presents a sandy or earthy appearance, like chalcitis. Misy -is used in the process of refining gold. Mixed with oil of -roses, it is used as an injection for suppurations of the ears, -and, in combination with wool, it is applied to ulcers of the -head. It also removes inveterate granulations of the eye-lids, -and is particularly useful for affections of the tonsils, quinsy, -and suppurations. For these maladies, sixteen drachmæ -should be mixed with one semisextarius of vinegar, and boiled -with the addition of some honey, until it becomes of a viscous -consistency; in which state it is applicable to the different -purposes above mentioned. When its action is wanted to be -modified, a sprinkling of honey is added. A fomentation of -misy and vinegar removes the callosities of fistulous ulcers; -it also enters into the composition of eye-salves. It arrests -hæmorrhage, prevents the spreading of serpiginous and putrid -ulcers, and consumes fleshy excrescences. It is particularly -useful for diseases of the male generative organs, and acts as -a check upon menstruation.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_32"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 32.—CHALCANTHUM, OR SHOEMAKERS’ BLACK: SIXTEEN -REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The Greeks, by the name<a id="FNanchor_1636_1636"></a><a href="#Footnote_1636_1636" class="fnanchor">1636</a> which they have given to it, -have indicated the relation between shoemakers’ black<a id="FNanchor_1637_1637"></a><a href="#Footnote_1637_1637" class="fnanchor">1637</a> and -copper; for they call it “chalcanthum.”<a id="FNanchor_1638_1638"></a><a href="#Footnote_1638_1638" class="fnanchor">1638</a> Indeed there is no -substance<a id="FNanchor_1639_1639"></a><a href="#Footnote_1639_1639" class="fnanchor">1639</a> so singular in its nature. It is prepared in Spain, -from the water of wells or pits which contain it in dissolution. -This water is boiled with an equal quantity of pure -water, and is then poured into large wooden reservoirs. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_201">201</a></span>Across these reservoirs there are a number of immovable -beams, to which cords are fastened, and then sunk into the water -beneath by means of stones; upon which, a slimy sediment -attaches itself to the cords, in drops of a vitreous<a id="FNanchor_1640_1640"></a><a href="#Footnote_1640_1640" class="fnanchor">1640</a> appearance, -somewhat resembling a bunch of grapes. Upon being removed, -it is dried for thirty days. It is of an azure colour, and of a -brilliant lustre, and is often taken for glass. When dissolved, -it forms the black dye that is used for colouring leather.</p> - -<p>Chalcanthum is also prepared in various other ways: the -earth which contains it being sometimes excavated into -trenches, from the sides of which globules exude, which -become concrete when exposed to the action of the winter -frosts. This kind is called “stalagmia,”<a id="FNanchor_1641_1641"></a><a href="#Footnote_1641_1641" class="fnanchor">1641</a> and there is none -more pure. When its colour is nearly white, with a slight -tinge of violet, it is called “lonchoton.”<a id="FNanchor_1642_1642"></a><a href="#Footnote_1642_1642" class="fnanchor">1642</a> It is also prepared -in pans hollowed out in the rocks; the rain water carrying the -slime into them, where it settles and becomes hardened. It is -also formed in the same way in which we prepare salt;<a id="FNanchor_1643_1643"></a><a href="#Footnote_1643_1643" class="fnanchor">1643</a> the -intense heat of the sun separating the fresh water from it. -Hence it is that some distinguish two kinds of chalcanthum, -the fossil and the artificial; the latter being paler than the -former, and as much inferior to it in quality as it is in -colour.</p> - -<p>The chalcitis which comes from Cyprus is the most highly -esteemed for the purposes of medicine, being taken in doses of -one drachma with honey, as an expellent of intestinal worms. -Diluted and injected into the nostrils, it acts detergently -upon the brain, and, taken with honey or with hydromel, it -acts as a purgative upon the stomach. It removes granulations -upon the eye-lids, and is good for pains and films upon -the eyes; it is curative also of ulcerations of the mouth. It -arrests bleeding at the nostrils, and hæmorrhoidal discharges. -In combination with seed of hyoscyamus, it brings away -splinters of broken bones. Applied to the forehead with a -sponge, it acts as a check upon defluxions of the eyes. Made -up into plasters, it is very efficacious as a detergent for sores -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_202">202</a></span>and fleshy excrescences in ulcers. The decoction of it, by the -contact solely, is curative of swellings of the uvula. It is laid -with linseed upon plasters which are used for relieving pains. -The whitish kind is preferred to the violet in one instance -only, for the purpose of being blown into the ears, through a -tube, to relieve deafness. Applied topically by itself, it heals -wounds; but it leaves a discoloration upon the scars. It has -been lately discovered, that if it is sprinkled upon the mouths -of bears and lions in the arena, its astringent action is so -powerful as to deprive the animals of the power of biting.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_33"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 33. (13.)—POMPHOLYX.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The substances called pompholyx<a id="FNanchor_1644_1644"></a><a href="#Footnote_1644_1644" class="fnanchor">1644</a> and spodos<a id="FNanchor_1645_1645"></a><a href="#Footnote_1645_1645" class="fnanchor">1645</a> are also -found in the furnaces of copper-smelting works; the difference -between them being, that pompholyx is disengaged by washing, -while spodos is not washed. Some persons have called the -part which is white and very light “pompholyx,” and say that -it is the ashes of copper and cadmia; whereas spodos is darker -and heavier, being a substance scraped from the walls of the -furnace, mixed with extinguished sparks from the metal, and -sometimes with the residue of coals. When vinegar is combined -with it, pompholyx emits a coppery smell, and if it is touched -with the tongue, the taste is most abominable. It is useful as -an ingredient in ophthalmic preparations for all diseases of the -eyes, as also for all the purposes for which spodos is used; -this last only differing from it in its action being less powerful. -It is also used for plasters, when required to be gently -cooling and desiccative. For all these purposes it is more -efficacious when it has been moistened with wine.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_34"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 34.—SPODOS: FIVE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The Cyprian spodos<a id="FNanchor_1646_1646"></a><a href="#Footnote_1646_1646" class="fnanchor">1646</a> is the best. It is formed by fusing -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_203">203</a></span>cadmia with copper ore. This substance, which is the lightest -part of the metal disengaged by fusion, escapes from the furnace, -and adheres to the roof, being distinguished from the -soot by the whiteness of its colour. Such parts of it as are -less white are indicative of incomplete combustion, and it is this -which some persons call “pompholyx.” Such portions of it as -are of a more reddish colour are possessed of a more energetic -power, and are found to be so corrosive, that if it touches -the eyes, while being washed, it will cause blindness. There -is also a spodos of a honey colour, an indication that it contains -a large proportion of copper. All the different kinds, -however, are improved by washing; it being first skimmed with -a feather,<a id="FNanchor_1647_1647"></a><a href="#Footnote_1647_1647" class="fnanchor">1647</a> and afterwards submitted to a more substantial -washing, the harder grains being removed with the finger. That, -too, which has been washed with wine is more modified in its -effects; there being also some difference according to the kind of -wine that is used. When it has been washed with weak wine -the spodos is considered not so beneficial as an ingredient in -medicaments for the eyes; but the same kind of preparation is -more efficacious for running sores, and for ulcers of the mouth -attended with a discharge of matter, as well as in all those -remedies which are used for gangrene.</p> - -<p>There is also a kind of spodos, called “lauriotis,”<a id="FNanchor_1648_1648"></a><a href="#Footnote_1648_1648" class="fnanchor">1648</a> which -is made in the furnaces where silver is smelted. The kind, -however, that is best for the eyes, it is said, is that produced in -the furnaces for smelting gold. Indeed there is no department -of art in which the ingenuity of man is more to be admired; -for it has discovered among the very commonest objects, a -substance that is in every way possessed of similar properties.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_35"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 35.—FIFTEEN VARIETIES OF ANTISPODOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The substance called “antispodos”<a id="FNanchor_1649_1649"></a><a href="#Footnote_1649_1649" class="fnanchor">1649</a> is produced from the -ashes of the fig-tree or wild fig, or of leaves of myrtle, together -with the more tender shoots of the branches. The -leaves, too, of the wild olive<a id="FNanchor_1650_1650"></a><a href="#Footnote_1650_1650" class="fnanchor">1650</a> furnish it, the cultivated olive, -the quince-tree, and the lentisk; unripe mulberries also, before -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_204">204</a></span>they have changed their colour, dried in the sun; and the -foliage of the box, pseudo-cypirus,<a id="FNanchor_1651_1651"></a><a href="#Footnote_1651_1651" class="fnanchor">1651</a> bramble, terebinth and -œnanthe.<a id="FNanchor_1652_1652"></a><a href="#Footnote_1652_1652" class="fnanchor">1652</a> The same virtues have also been found in the ashes -of bull-glue<a id="FNanchor_1653_1653"></a><a href="#Footnote_1653_1653" class="fnanchor">1653</a> and of linen cloth. All these substances are -burnt in a pot of raw earth, which is heated in a furnace, -until the earthenware is thoroughly baked.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_36"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 36.—SMEGMA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the copper forges also smegma<a id="FNanchor_1654_1654"></a><a href="#Footnote_1654_1654" class="fnanchor">1654</a> is prepared. When the -metal is liquefied and thoroughly smelted, charcoal is added -to it and gradually kindled; after which, upon it being suddenly -acted upon by a powerful pair of bellows, a substance is -disengaged like a sort of copper chaff. The floor on which -it is received ought to be prepared with a stratum of coal-dust.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_37"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 37.—DIPHRYX.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is another product of these furnaces, which is easily -distinguished from smegma, and which the Greeks call “diphryx,”<a id="FNanchor_1655_1655"></a><a href="#Footnote_1655_1655" class="fnanchor">1655</a> -from its being twice calcined. This substance is prepared -from three different sources. It is prepared, they say, -from a mineral pyrites, which is heated in the furnace until -it is converted by calcination into a red earth. It is also -made in Cyprus, from a slimy substance extracted from a certain -cavern there, which is first dried and then gradually heated, -by a fire made of twigs. A third way of making it, is from -the residue in the copper-furnaces that falls to the bottom. -The difference between the component parts of the ore is this: -the copper itself runs into the receivers, the scoriæ make their -escape from the furnace, the flower becomes sublimated, and -the diphryx remains behind.</p> - -<p>Some say that there are certain globules in the ore, while -being smelted, which become soldered together; and that the -rest of the metal is fused around it, the mass itself not becoming -liquefied, unless it is transferred to another furnace, and forming -a sort of knot, as it were, in the metal. That which remains -after the fusion, they say, is called “diphryx.” Its use in medicine -is similar to that of the substances mentioned above;<a id="FNanchor_1656_1656"></a><a href="#Footnote_1656_1656" class="fnanchor">1656</a> it -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_205">205</a></span>is desiccative, removes morbid excrescenses, and acts as a detergent. -It is tested by placing it on the tongue, which ought to -be instantly parched by it, a coppery flavour being perceptible.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_38"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 38.—PARTICULARS RELATIVE TO THE SERVILIAN TRIENS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We must not neglect to mention one other very remarkable -fact relative to copper. The Servilian family, so illustrious in -our annals, nourishes with gold and silver a copper triens,<a id="FNanchor_1657_1657"></a><a href="#Footnote_1657_1657" class="fnanchor">1657</a> -which devours them both. The origin and nature of this coin is -to me incomprehensible;<a id="FNanchor_1658_1658"></a><a href="#Footnote_1658_1658" class="fnanchor">1658</a> but I will quote the very words of -the story, as given by old Messala<a id="FNanchor_1659_1659"></a><a href="#Footnote_1659_1659" class="fnanchor">1659</a> himself—“The family of -the Servilii is in possession of a sacred triens, to which they -offer every year a sacrifice, with the greatest care and magnificence; -the triens itself, they say, appears sometimes to increase -in size and sometimes to diminish; changes which indicate the -coming advancement or decadence of the family.”</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_39"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 39 (14).—IRON ORES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Next to copper we must give an account of the metal known -as iron, at the same time the most useful and the most fatal -instrument in the hand of mankind. For by the aid of iron -we lay open the ground, we plant trees, we prepare our vineyard-trees,<a id="FNanchor_1660_1660"></a><a href="#Footnote_1660_1660" class="fnanchor">1660</a> -and we force our vines each year to resume their -youthful state, by cutting away their decayed branches. It is -by the aid of iron that we construct houses, cleave rocks, and -perform so many other useful offices of life. But it is with -iron also that wars, murders, and robberies are effected, and -this, not only hand to hand, but from a distance even, by the -aid of missiles and winged weapons, now launched from engines, -now hurled by the human arm, and now furnished with -feathery wings. This last I regard as the most criminal -artifice that has been devised by the human mind; for, as -if to bring death upon man with still greater rapidity, we -have given wings to iron and taught it to fly.<a id="FNanchor_1661_1661"></a><a href="#Footnote_1661_1661" class="fnanchor">1661</a> Let us therefore -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_206">206</a></span>acquit Nature of a charge that here belongs to man himself.<a id="FNanchor_1662_1662"></a><a href="#Footnote_1662_1662" class="fnanchor">1662</a></p> - -<p>Indeed there have been some instances in which it has been -proved that iron might be solely used for innocent purposes. -In the treaty which Porsena granted to the Roman people, after -the expulsion of the kings, we find it expressly stipulated, that -iron shall be only employed for the cultivation of the fields; -and our oldest authors inform us, that in those days it was -considered unsafe to write with an iron pen.<a id="FNanchor_1663_1663"></a><a href="#Footnote_1663_1663" class="fnanchor">1663</a> There is an edict -extant, published in the third consulship of Pompeius Magnus, -during the tumults that ensued upon the death of Clodius, -prohibiting any weapon from being retained in the City.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_40"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 40.—STATUES OF IRON; CHASED WORKS IN IRON.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Still, however, human industry has not failed to employ iron -for perpetuating the honours of more civilized life. The -artist Aristonidas, wishing to express the fury of Athamas -subsiding into repentance, after he had thrown his son Learchus -from the rock,<a id="FNanchor_1664_1664"></a><a href="#Footnote_1664_1664" class="fnanchor">1664</a> blended copper and iron, in order that the -blush of shame might be more exactly expressed, by the rust of -the iron making its appearance through the shining substance of -the copper; a statue which still exists at Rhodes. There is also, -in the same city, a Hercules of iron, executed by Alcon,<a id="FNanchor_1665_1665"></a><a href="#Footnote_1665_1665" class="fnanchor">1665</a> the -endurance displayed in his labours by the god having suggested -the idea. We see too, at Rome, cups of iron consecrated in -the Temple of Mars the Avenger.<a id="FNanchor_1666_1666"></a><a href="#Footnote_1666_1666" class="fnanchor">1666</a> Nature, in conformity -with her usual benevolence, has limited the power of iron, by -inflicting upon it the punishment of rust; and has thus displayed -her usual foresight in rendering nothing in existence -more perishable, than the substance which brings the greatest -dangers upon perishable mortality.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_41"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 41.—THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF IRON, AND THE MODE OF -TEMPERING IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Iron ores are to be found almost everywhere; for they exist -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_207">207</a></span>even in the Italian island of Ilva,<a id="FNanchor_1667_1667"></a><a href="#Footnote_1667_1667" class="fnanchor">1667</a> being easily distinguished -by the ferruginous colour of the earth. The method of working -the ore is the same as that employed in the case of copper. In -Cappadocia, however, it is peculiarly questionable whether this -metal is present due to the water or to the earth; because, -when the latter has been saturated with the water of a certain -river, it yields, and then only, an iron that may be obtained -by smelting.</p> - -<p>There are numerous varieties of iron ore; the chief causes -of which arise from differences in the soil and in the climate. -Some earths produce a metal that is soft, and nearly akin to -lead; others an iron that is brittle and coppery, the use of which -must be particularly avoided in making wheels or nails, the -former kind being better for these purposes. There is another -kind, again, which is only esteemed when cut into short lengths, -and is used for making hobnails;<a id="FNanchor_1668_1668"></a><a href="#Footnote_1668_1668" class="fnanchor">1668</a> and another which is -more particularly liable to rust. All these varieties are known -by the name of “strictura,”<a id="FNanchor_1669_1669"></a><a href="#Footnote_1669_1669" class="fnanchor">1669</a> an appellation which is not used -with reference to the other metals, and is derived from the steel -that is used for giving an edge.<a id="FNanchor_1670_1670"></a><a href="#Footnote_1670_1670" class="fnanchor">1670</a> There is a great difference, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_208">208</a></span>too, in the smelting; some kinds producing knurrs of metal, -which are especially adapted for hardening into steel, or else, -prepared in another manner, for making thick anvils or heads -of hammers. But the main difference results from the quality of -the water into which the red-hot metal is plunged from time to -time. The water, which is in some places better for this purpose -than in others, has quite ennobled some localities for the -excellence of their iron, Bilbilis,<a id="FNanchor_1671_1671"></a><a href="#Footnote_1671_1671" class="fnanchor">1671</a> for example, and Turiasso<a id="FNanchor_1672_1672"></a><a href="#Footnote_1672_1672" class="fnanchor">1672</a> -in Spain, and Comum<a id="FNanchor_1673_1673"></a><a href="#Footnote_1673_1673" class="fnanchor">1673</a> in Italy; and this, although there are -no iron mines in these spots.</p> - -<p>But of all the different kinds of iron, the palm of excellence -is awarded to that which is made by the Seres,<a id="FNanchor_1674_1674"></a><a href="#Footnote_1674_1674" class="fnanchor">1674</a> who send it to -us with their tissues and skins;<a id="FNanchor_1675_1675"></a><a href="#Footnote_1675_1675" class="fnanchor">1675</a> next to which, in quality, is -the Parthian<a id="FNanchor_1676_1676"></a><a href="#Footnote_1676_1676" class="fnanchor">1676</a> iron. Indeed, none of the other kinds of iron are -made of the pure hard metal, a softer alloy being welded with -them all. In our part of the world, a vein of ore is occasionally -found to yield a metal of this high quality, as in Noricum<a id="FNanchor_1677_1677"></a><a href="#Footnote_1677_1677" class="fnanchor">1677</a> for -instance; but, in other cases, it derives its value from the -mode of working it, as at Sulmo,<a id="FNanchor_1678_1678"></a><a href="#Footnote_1678_1678" class="fnanchor">1678</a> for example, a result owing -to the nature of its water, as already stated. It is to be observed -also, that in giving an edge to iron, there is a great difference -between oil-whetstones and water-whetstones,<a id="FNanchor_1679_1679"></a><a href="#Footnote_1679_1679" class="fnanchor">1679</a> the use -of oil producing a much finer edge. It is a remarkable fact, -that when the ore is fused, the metal becomes liquefied like -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_209">209</a></span>water, and afterwards acquires a spongy, brittle texture. It is -the practice to quench smaller articles made of iron with oil, -lest by being hardened in water they should be rendered brittle. -Human blood revenges itself upon iron; for if the metal has been -once touched by this blood it is much more apt to become rusty.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_42"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 42.—THE METAL CALLED LIVE IRON.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We shall speak of the loadstone in its proper place,<a id="FNanchor_1680_1680"></a><a href="#Footnote_1680_1680" class="fnanchor">1680</a> and of -the sympathy which it has with iron. This is the only metal -that acquires the properties of that stone, retaining them for a -length of time, and attracting other iron, so that we may sometimes -see a whole chain formed of these rings. The lower -classes, in their ignorance, call this “live iron,” and the wounds -that are made by it are much more severe. This mineral is -also found in Cantabria, not in continuous strata, like the -genuine loadstone, but in scattered fragments, which they call -“bullationes.”<a id="FNanchor_1681_1681"></a><a href="#Footnote_1681_1681" class="fnanchor">1681</a> I do not know whether this species of ore is -proper also for the fusion of glass,<a id="FNanchor_1682_1682"></a><a href="#Footnote_1682_1682" class="fnanchor">1682</a> as no one has hitherto tried -it; but it certainly imparts the same property as the magnet -to iron. The architect Timochares,<a id="FNanchor_1683_1683"></a><a href="#Footnote_1683_1683" class="fnanchor">1683</a> began to erect a vaulted roof -of loadstone, in the Temple of Arsinoë,<a id="FNanchor_1684_1684"></a><a href="#Footnote_1684_1684" class="fnanchor">1684</a> at Alexandria, in order -that the iron statue of that princess might have the appearance -of hanging suspended in the air:<a id="FNanchor_1685_1685"></a><a href="#Footnote_1685_1685" class="fnanchor">1685</a> his death, however, -and that of King Ptolemæus, who had ordered this monument -to be erected in honour of his sister, prevented the completion -of the project.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_43"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 43. (15.)—METHODS OE PREVENTING RUST.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Of all metals, the ores of iron are found in the greatest -abundance. In the maritime parts of Cantabria<a id="FNanchor_1686_1686"></a><a href="#Footnote_1686_1686" class="fnanchor">1686</a> which are -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_210">210</a></span>washed by the Ocean, there is a steep and lofty mountain, -which, however incredible it may appear, is entirely composed -of this metal, as already stated in our description of the parts -bordering upon the Ocean.<a id="FNanchor_1687_1687"></a><a href="#Footnote_1687_1687" class="fnanchor">1687</a></p> - -<p>Iron which has been acted upon by fire is spoiled, unless it -is forged with the hammer. It is not in a fit state for being -hammered when it is red-hot, nor, indeed, until it has begun to -assume a white heat. By sprinkling vinegar or alum upon it, -it acquires the appearance of copper. It is protected from -rust by an application of ceruse, gypsum, and tar; a property -of iron known by the Greeks as “antipathia.”<a id="FNanchor_1688_1688"></a><a href="#Footnote_1688_1688" class="fnanchor">1688</a> Some pretend, -too, that this may be ensured by the performance of certain -religious ceremonies, and that there is in existence at the -city of Zeugma,<a id="FNanchor_1689_1689"></a><a href="#Footnote_1689_1689" class="fnanchor">1689</a> upon the Euphrates, an iron chain, by means -of which Alexander the Great constructed a bridge across the -river; the links of which that have been replaced are attacked -with rust, while the original links are totally exempt -from it.<a id="FNanchor_1690_1690"></a><a href="#Footnote_1690_1690" class="fnanchor">1690</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_44"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 44.—SEVEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM IRON.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Iron is employed in medicine for other purposes besides that -of making incisions. For if a circle is traced with iron, or a -pointed weapon is carried three times round them, it will preserve -both infant and adult from all noxious influences: if -nails, too, that have been extracted from a tomb, are driven -into the threshold of a door, they will prevent night-mare.<a id="FNanchor_1691_1691"></a><a href="#Footnote_1691_1691" class="fnanchor">1691</a> -A slight puncture with the point of a weapon, with which a -man has been wounded, will relieve sudden pains, attended -with stitches in the sides or chest. Some affections are cured -by cauterization with red-hot iron, the bite of the mad dog -more particularly; for even if the malady has been fully developed, -and hydrophobia has made its appearance, the patient -is instantly relieved on the wound being cauterized.<a id="FNanchor_1692_1692"></a><a href="#Footnote_1692_1692" class="fnanchor">1692</a> Water -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_211">211</a></span>in which iron has been plunged at a white heat, is useful, as -a potion, in many diseases, dysentery<a id="FNanchor_1693_1693"></a><a href="#Footnote_1693_1693" class="fnanchor">1693</a> more particularly.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_45"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 45.—FOURTEEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM RUST.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Rust itself, too, is classed among the remedial substances; -for it was by means of it that Achilles cured Telephus, it is -said, whether it was an iron weapon or a brazen one that he -used for the purpose. So it is, however, that he is represented -in paintings detaching the rust with his sword.<a id="FNanchor_1694_1694"></a><a href="#Footnote_1694_1694" class="fnanchor">1694</a> The rust of -iron is usually obtained for these purposes by scraping old nails -with a piece of moistened iron. It has the effect of uniting -wounds, and is possessed of certain desiccative and astringent -properties. Applied in the form of a liniment, it is curative of -alopecy. Mixed with wax and myrtle-oil, it is applied to granulations -of the eyelids, and pustules in all parts of the body; -with vinegar it is used for the cure of erysipelas; and, applied -with lint, it is curative of itch, whitlows on the fingers, and -hang-nails. Used as a pessary with wool, it arrests female -discharges. Diluted in wine, and kneaded with myrrh, it is -applied to recent wounds, and, with vinegar, to condylomatous -swellings. Employed in the form of a liniment, it alleviates -gout.<a id="FNanchor_1695_1695"></a><a href="#Footnote_1695_1695" class="fnanchor">1695</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_46"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 46.—SEVENTEEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE SCALES -OF IRON. HYGREMPLASTRUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The scales of iron,<a id="FNanchor_1696_1696"></a><a href="#Footnote_1696_1696" class="fnanchor">1696</a> which are procured from a fine point or -a sharp edge, are also made use of, being very similar in effect -to rust, but more active; for which reason they are employed -for defluxions of the eyes. They arrest bleeding, also, more -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_212">212</a></span>particularly from wounds inflicted with iron; and they act as -a check upon female discharges. They are applied, too, for -diseases of the spleen, and they arrest hæmorrhoidal swellings -and serpiginous ulcers. They are useful also for affections of -the eyelids, gradually applied in the form of a fine powder. -But their chief recommendation is, their great utility in the -form of a hygremplastrum<a id="FNanchor_1697_1697"></a><a href="#Footnote_1697_1697" class="fnanchor">1697</a> or wet plaster, for cleansing -wounds and fistulous sores, consuming all kinds of callosities, -and making new flesh on bones that are denuded. The following -are the ingredients: of pitch, six oboli, of Cimolian chalk,<a id="FNanchor_1698_1698"></a><a href="#Footnote_1698_1698" class="fnanchor">1698</a> -six drachmæ, two drachmæ of pounded copper, the same quantity -of scales of iron, six drachmæ of wax, and one sextarius of oil. -To these is added some cerate, when it is wanted to cleanse -or fill up wounds.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_47"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 47. (16.)—THE ORES OF LEAD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The nature of lead next comes to be considered. There -are two kinds of it, the black and the white.<a id="FNanchor_1699_1699"></a><a href="#Footnote_1699_1699" class="fnanchor">1699</a> The white is -the most valuable: it was called by the Greeks “cassiteros,”<a id="FNanchor_1700_1700"></a><a href="#Footnote_1700_1700" class="fnanchor">1700</a> -and there is a fabulous story told of their going in quest of -it to the islands of the Atlantic, and of its being brought in -barks made of osiers, covered with hides.<a id="FNanchor_1701_1701"></a><a href="#Footnote_1701_1701" class="fnanchor">1701</a> It is now known -that it is a production of Lusitania and Gallæcia.<a id="FNanchor_1702_1702"></a><a href="#Footnote_1702_1702" class="fnanchor">1702</a> It is a -sand found on the surface of the earth, and of a black colour, -and is only to be detected by its weight. It is mingled with -small pebbles, particularly in the dried beds of rivers. The -miners wash this sand, and calcine the deposit in the furnace. -It is also found in the gold mines that are known as “alutiæ,”<a id="FNanchor_1703_1703"></a><a href="#Footnote_1703_1703" class="fnanchor">1703</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_213">213</a></span>the stream of water which is passed through them detaching -certain black pebbles, mottled with small white spots and of -the same weight<a id="FNanchor_1704_1704"></a><a href="#Footnote_1704_1704" class="fnanchor">1704</a> as gold. Hence it is that they remain with -the gold in the baskets in which it is collected; and being -separated in the furnace, are then melted, and become converted -into white lead.<a id="FNanchor_1705_1705"></a><a href="#Footnote_1705_1705" class="fnanchor">1705</a></p> - -<p>Black lead is not procured in Gallæcia, although it is so -greatly abundant in the neighbouring province of Cantabria; -nor is silver procured from white lead, although it is from -black.<a id="FNanchor_1706_1706"></a><a href="#Footnote_1706_1706" class="fnanchor">1706</a> Pieces of black lead cannot be soldered without the -intervention of white lead, nor can this be done without employing -oil;<a id="FNanchor_1707_1707"></a><a href="#Footnote_1707_1707" class="fnanchor">1707</a> nor can white lead, on the other hand, be united -without the aid of black lead. White lead was held in estimation -in the days even of the Trojan War, a fact that is attested -by Homer, who calls it “cassiteros.”<a id="FNanchor_1708_1708"></a><a href="#Footnote_1708_1708" class="fnanchor">1708</a> There are two -different sources of black lead: it being procured either from -its own native ore, where it is produced without the intermixture -of any other substance, or else from an ore which contains -it in common with silver, the two metals being fused together. -The metal which first becomes liquid in the furnace, -is called “stannum;”<a id="FNanchor_1709_1709"></a><a href="#Footnote_1709_1709" class="fnanchor">1709</a> the next that melts is silver; and the -metal that remains behind is galena,<a id="FNanchor_1710_1710"></a><a href="#Footnote_1710_1710" class="fnanchor">1710</a> the third constituent -part of the mineral. On this last being again submitted to -fusion black lead is produced, with a deduction of two-ninths.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_214">214</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_48"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 48. (17.)—STANNUM. ARGENTARIUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>When copper vessels are coated with stannum,<a id="FNanchor_1711_1711"></a><a href="#Footnote_1711_1711" class="fnanchor">1711</a> they produce -a less disagreeable flavour, and the formation of verdigris -is prevented; it is also remarkable, that the weight of the -vessel is not increased. As already mentioned,<a id="FNanchor_1712_1712"></a><a href="#Footnote_1712_1712" class="fnanchor">1712</a> the finest -mirrors were formerly prepared from it at Brundisium, until -everybody, our maid-servants even, began to use silver ones. -At the present day a counterfeit stannum is made, by adding -one-third of white copper to two-thirds of white lead.<a id="FNanchor_1713_1713"></a><a href="#Footnote_1713_1713" class="fnanchor">1713</a> It -is also counterfeited in another way, by mixing together equal -parts of white lead and black lead; this last being what is -called “argentarium.”<a id="FNanchor_1714_1714"></a><a href="#Footnote_1714_1714" class="fnanchor">1714</a> There is also a composition called -“tertiarium,” a mixture of two parts of black lead and one of -white: its price is twenty denarii per pound, and it is used -for soldering pipes. Persons still more dishonest mix together<a id="FNanchor_1715_1715"></a><a href="#Footnote_1715_1715" class="fnanchor">1715</a> -equal parts of tertiarium and white lead, and, calling the compound -“argentarium,” coat articles with it melted. This last -sells at sixty denarii per ten pounds, the price of the pure unmixed -white lead being eighty denarii, and of the black seven.<a id="FNanchor_1716_1716"></a><a href="#Footnote_1716_1716" class="fnanchor">1716</a></p> - -<p>White lead is naturally more dry; while the black, on the -contrary, is always moist; consequently the white, without -being mixed with another metal, is of no use<a id="FNanchor_1717_1717"></a><a href="#Footnote_1717_1717" class="fnanchor">1717</a> for anything. -Silver too, cannot be soldered with it, because the silver becomes -fused before the white lead. It is confidently stated, -also, that if too small a proportion of black lead is mixed with -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_215">215</a></span>the white, this last will corrode the silver. It was in the -Gallic provinces that the method was discovered of coating -articles of copper with white lead, so as to be scarcely distinguishable -from silver: articles thus plated are known as -“incoctilia.”<a id="FNanchor_1718_1718"></a><a href="#Footnote_1718_1718" class="fnanchor">1718</a> At a later period, the people of the town of -Alesia<a id="FNanchor_1719_1719"></a><a href="#Footnote_1719_1719" class="fnanchor">1719</a> began to use a similar process for plating articles with -silver, more particularly ornaments for horses, beasts of burden, -and yokes of oxen: the merit, however, of this invention -belongs to the Bituriges.<a id="FNanchor_1720_1720"></a><a href="#Footnote_1720_1720" class="fnanchor">1720</a> After this, they began to ornament -their esseda, colisata, and petorita<a id="FNanchor_1721_1721"></a><a href="#Footnote_1721_1721" class="fnanchor">1721</a> in a similar manner; and -luxury has at last arrived at such a pitch, that not only are -their decorations made of silver, but of gold even, and what -was formerly a marvel to behold on a cup, is now subjected to -the wear and tear of a carriage, and this in obedience to -what they call fashion!</p> - -<p>White lead is tested, by pouring it, melted,<a id="FNanchor_1722_1722"></a><a href="#Footnote_1722_1722" class="fnanchor">1722</a> upon paper, -which ought to have the appearance of being torn rather by -the weight than by the heat of the metal. India has neither -copper nor lead,<a id="FNanchor_1723_1723"></a><a href="#Footnote_1723_1723" class="fnanchor">1723</a> but she procures them in exchange for her -precious stones and pearls.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_49"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 49.—BLACK LEAD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Black lead<a id="FNanchor_1724_1724"></a><a href="#Footnote_1724_1724" class="fnanchor">1724</a> is used in the form of pipes and sheets: it is extracted -with great labour in Spain, and throughout all the Gallic -provinces; but in Britannia<a id="FNanchor_1725_1725"></a><a href="#Footnote_1725_1725" class="fnanchor">1725</a> it is found in the upper stratum of -the earth, in such abundance, that a law has been spontaneously -made, prohibiting any one from working more than a certain -quantity of it. The various kinds of black lead are known by -the following names—the Ovetanian,<a id="FNanchor_1726_1726"></a><a href="#Footnote_1726_1726" class="fnanchor">1726</a> the Caprariensian,<a id="FNanchor_1727_1727"></a><a href="#Footnote_1727_1727" class="fnanchor">1727</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_216">216</a></span>and the Oleastrensian.<a id="FNanchor_1728_1728"></a><a href="#Footnote_1728_1728" class="fnanchor">1728</a> There is no difference whatever in -them, when the scoria has been carefully removed by calcination. -It is a marvellous fact, that these mines, and these only, -when they have been abandoned for some time, become replenished, -and are more prolific than before. This would -appear to be effected by the air, infusing itself at liberty -through the open orifices, just as some women become more -prolific after abortion. This was lately found to be the case -with the Santarensian mine in Bætica;<a id="FNanchor_1729_1729"></a><a href="#Footnote_1729_1729" class="fnanchor">1729</a> which, after being -farmed at an annual rental of two hundred thousand denarii, -and then abandoned, is now rented at two hundred and fifty-five -thousand per annum. In the same manner, the Antonian -mine in the same province has had the rent raised to four -hundred thousand sesterces per annum.</p> - -<p>It is a remarkable fact, that if we pour water into a vessel -of lead, it will not melt; but that if we throw into the water -a pebble or a copper quadrans,<a id="FNanchor_1730_1730"></a><a href="#Footnote_1730_1730" class="fnanchor">1730</a> the vessel will be penetrated -by the fire.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_50"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 50. (18.)—FIFTEEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LEAD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Lead is used in medicine, without any addition, for the -removal of scars; if it is applied, too, in plates, to the region of -the loins and kidneys, in consequence of its cold nature it will -restrain the venereal passions, and put an end to libidinous -dreams at night, attended with spontaneous emissions, and assuming -all the form of a disease. The orator Calvus, it is said, -effected a cure for himself by means of these plates, and so preserved -his bodily energies for labour and study. The Emperor -Nero—for so the gods willed it—could never sing to the full -pitch of his voice, unless he had a plate of lead upon his chest; -thus showing us one method of preserving the voice.<a id="FNanchor_1731_1731"></a><a href="#Footnote_1731_1731" class="fnanchor">1731</a> For -medicinal purposes the lead is melted in earthen vessels; a layer -of finely powdered sulphur being placed beneath, very thin -plates of lead are laid upon it, and are then covered with a -mixture of sulphur and iron. While it is being melted, all -the apertures in the vessel should be closed, otherwise a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_217">217</a></span>noxious vapour is discharged from the furnace, of a deadly -nature, to dogs in particular. Indeed, the vapours from all -metals destroy flies and gnats; and hence it is that in mines -there are none of those annoyances.<a id="FNanchor_1732_1732"></a><a href="#Footnote_1732_1732" class="fnanchor">1732</a> Some persons, during the -process, mix lead-filings with the sulphur, while others substitute -ceruse for sulphur. By washing, a preparation is made -from lead, that is much employed in medicine: for this purpose, -a leaden mortar, containing rain water, is beaten with a -pestle of lead, until the water has assumed a thick consistency; -which done, the water that floats on the surface is removed -with a sponge, and the thicker part of the sediment is left to -dry, and is then divided into tablets. Some persons triturate -lead-filings in this way, and some mix with it lead ore, or -else vinegar, wine, grease, or rose-leaves. Others, again, -prefer triturating the lead in a stone mortar, one of Thebaic -stone more particularly, with a pestle of lead; by which -process a whiter preparation is obtained.</p> - -<p>As to calcined lead, it is washed, like stibi<a id="FNanchor_1733_1733"></a><a href="#Footnote_1733_1733" class="fnanchor">1733</a> and cadmia. -Its action is astringent and repressive, and it is promotive of -cicatrization. The same substance is also employed in preparations -for the eyes, cases of procidence<a id="FNanchor_1734_1734"></a><a href="#Footnote_1734_1734" class="fnanchor">1734</a> of those organs more -particularly; also for filling up the cavities left by ulcers, and -for removing excrescences and fissures of the anus, as well as -hæmorrhoidal and condylomatous tumours. For all these purposes -the lotion of lead is particularly useful; but for serpiginous -or sordid ulcers it is the ashes of calcined lead that are -used, these producing the same advantageous effects as ashes of -burnt papyrus.<a id="FNanchor_1735_1735"></a><a href="#Footnote_1735_1735" class="fnanchor">1735</a></p> - -<p>The lead is calcined in thin plates, laid with sulphur in -shallow vessels, the mixture being stirred with iron rods or -stalks of fennel-giant, until the melted metal becomes calcined; -when cold, it is pulverized. Some persons calcine lead-filings -in a vessel of raw earth, which they leave in the -furnace, until the earthenware is completely baked. Others, -again, mix with it an equal quantity of ceruse or of barley, and -triturate it in the way mentioned for raw lead; indeed, the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_218">218</a></span>lead which has been prepared this way is preferred to the -spodium of Cyprus.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_51"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 51.—FIFTEEN REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE SCORIA -OF LEAD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The scoria<a id="FNanchor_1736_1736"></a><a href="#Footnote_1736_1736" class="fnanchor">1736</a> of lead is also made use of; the best kind being -that which approaches nearest to a yellow colour, without any -vestiges of lead, or which has the appearance of sulphur without -any terreous particles. It is broken into small pieces and -washed in a mortar, until the mortar assumes a yellow colour; -after which, it is poured off into a clean vessel, the process -being repeated until it deposits a sediment, which is a substance -of the greatest utility. It possesses the same properties -as lead, but of a more active nature. How truly wonderful is -the knowledge which we gain by experiment, when even the -very dregs and foul residues of substances have in so many -ways been tested by mankind!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_52"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 52.—SPODIUM OF LEAD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>A spodium<a id="FNanchor_1737_1737"></a><a href="#Footnote_1737_1737" class="fnanchor">1737</a> of lead is also prepared in the same manner as -that extracted from Cyprian copper.<a id="FNanchor_1738_1738"></a><a href="#Footnote_1738_1738" class="fnanchor">1738</a> It is washed with rain -water, in linen of a loose texture, and the earthy parts are -separated by pouring it off; after which it is sifted, and then -pounded. Some prefer removing the fine powder with a -feather, and then triturating it with aromatic wine.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_53"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 53.—MOLYBDÆNA: FIFTEEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Molybdæna,<a id="FNanchor_1739_1739"></a><a href="#Footnote_1739_1739" class="fnanchor">1739</a> which in another place I have called -“galena,”<a id="FNanchor_1740_1740"></a><a href="#Footnote_1740_1740" class="fnanchor">1740</a> is a mineral compounded of silver and lead. It is -considered better in quality the nearer it approaches to a -golden colour and the less lead it contains; it is also friable, -and of moderate weight. When it is melted with oil, it -acquires the colour of liver. It is found adhering also to the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_219">219</a></span>furnaces in which gold and silver have been smelted; and in this -case it is called “metallic.” The most esteemed kind is that -prepared at Zephyrium.<a id="FNanchor_1741_1741"></a><a href="#Footnote_1741_1741" class="fnanchor">1741</a> Those kinds, too, are considered the -best that are the least earthy and the least stony. It is used in -preparing liparæ,<a id="FNanchor_1742_1742"></a><a href="#Footnote_1742_1742" class="fnanchor">1742</a> as also for soothing or cooling ulcers, and as -an ingredient in plasters, which are applied without ligatures, -but are used only as a liniment for producing cicatrization on -the bodies of delicate persons and the more tender parts. The -composition is made of three pounds of molybdæna, one pound -of wax, and three heminæ of oil; to which are added lees of -olives, in the case of aged persons. Combined with scum of -silver<a id="FNanchor_1743_1743"></a><a href="#Footnote_1743_1743" class="fnanchor">1743</a> and scoria of lead, it is employed warm in fomentations -for dysentery and tenesmus.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_54"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 54.—PSIMITHIUM, OR CERUSE; SIX REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Psimithium,<a id="FNanchor_1744_1744"></a><a href="#Footnote_1744_1744" class="fnanchor">1744</a> which is also known as ceruse, is another -production of the lead-works. The most esteemed comes from -Rhodes. It is made from very fine shavings of lead, placed -over a vessel filled with the strongest vinegar; by which means -the shavings become dissolved. That which falls into the -vinegar is first dried, and then pounded and sifted, after -which it is again mixed with vinegar, and is then divided -into tablets and dried in the sun, during summer. It is also -made in another way; the lead is thrown into jars filled with -vinegar, which are kept closed for ten days; the sort of mould -that forms upon the surface is then scraped off, and the lead is -again put into the vinegar, until the whole of the metal is -consumed. The part that has been scraped off is triturated -and sifted, and then melted in shallow vessels, being stirred -with ladles, until the substance becomes red, and assumes the -appearance of sandarach. It is then washed with fresh water, -until all the cloudy impurities have disappeared, after which -it is dried as before, and divided into tablets.</p> - -<p>Its properties are the same as those of the substances above -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_220">220</a></span>mentioned.<a id="FNanchor_1745_1745"></a><a href="#Footnote_1745_1745" class="fnanchor">1745</a> It is, however, the mildest of all the preparations -of lead; in addition to which, it is also used by females -to whiten the complexion.<a id="FNanchor_1746_1746"></a><a href="#Footnote_1746_1746" class="fnanchor">1746</a> It is, however, like scum of -silver, a deadly poison. Melted a second time, ceruse becomes -red.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_55"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 55.—SANDARACH; ELEVEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We have already mentioned nearly all the properties of -sandarach.<a id="FNanchor_1747_1747"></a><a href="#Footnote_1747_1747" class="fnanchor">1747</a> It is found both in gold-mines and in silver-mines. -The redder it is, the more pure and friable, and -the more powerful its odour, the better it is in quality. It is -detergent, astringent, heating, and corrosive, but is most remarkable -for its septic properties. Applied topically with -vinegar, it is curative of alopecy. It is also employed as an -ingredient in ophthalmic preparations. Used with honey, it -cleanses the fauces and makes the voice more clear and harmonious. -Taken with the food, in combination with turpentine, -it is a pleasant cure for cough and asthma. In the form -of a fumigation also, with cedar, it has a remedial effect upon -those complaints.<a id="FNanchor_1748_1748"></a><a href="#Footnote_1748_1748" class="fnanchor">1748</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_56"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 56.—ARRHENICUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Arrhenicum,<a id="FNanchor_1749_1749"></a><a href="#Footnote_1749_1749" class="fnanchor">1749</a> too, is procured from the same sources. The -best in quality is of the colour of the finest gold; that which is -of a paler hue, or resembling sandarach, being less esteemed. -There is a third kind also, the colour of which is a mixture of -that of gold and of sandarach. The last two kinds are both of -them scaly, but the other is dry and pure, and divides into -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_221">221</a></span>delicate long veins.<a id="FNanchor_1750_1750"></a><a href="#Footnote_1750_1750" class="fnanchor">1750</a> This substance has the same virtues as -the one last mentioned, but is more active in its effects. -Hence it is that it enters into the composition of cauteries -and depilatory preparations. It is also used for the removal -of hangnails, polypi of the nostrils, condylomatous tumours, -and other kinds of excrescences. For the purpose of increasing -its energies, it is heated in a new earthen vessel, until it -changes its colour.<a id="FNanchor_1751_1751"></a><a href="#Footnote_1751_1751" class="fnanchor">1751</a></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Summary.</span>—Remedies, one hundred and fifty-eight. Facts, -narratives, and observations, nine hundred and fifteen.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Roman Authors quoted.</span>—L. Piso,<a id="FNanchor_1752_1752"></a><a href="#Footnote_1752_1752" class="fnanchor">1752</a> Antias,<a id="FNanchor_1753_1753"></a><a href="#Footnote_1753_1753" class="fnanchor">1753</a> Verrius,<a id="FNanchor_1754_1754"></a><a href="#Footnote_1754_1754" class="fnanchor">1754</a> M. -Varro,<a id="FNanchor_1755_1755"></a><a href="#Footnote_1755_1755" class="fnanchor">1755</a> Cornelius Nepos,<a id="FNanchor_1756_1756"></a><a href="#Footnote_1756_1756" class="fnanchor">1756</a> Messala,<a id="FNanchor_1757_1757"></a><a href="#Footnote_1757_1757" class="fnanchor">1757</a> Rufus,<a id="FNanchor_1758_1758"></a><a href="#Footnote_1758_1758" class="fnanchor">1758</a> the Poet -Marsus,<a id="FNanchor_1759_1759"></a><a href="#Footnote_1759_1759" class="fnanchor">1759</a> Bocchus,<a id="FNanchor_1760_1760"></a><a href="#Footnote_1760_1760" class="fnanchor">1760</a> Julius Bassus<a id="FNanchor_1761_1761"></a><a href="#Footnote_1761_1761" class="fnanchor">1761</a> who wrote in Greek on -Medicine, Sextus Niger<a id="FNanchor_1762_1762"></a><a href="#Footnote_1762_1762" class="fnanchor">1762</a> who did the same, Fabius Vestalis.<a id="FNanchor_1763_1763"></a><a href="#Footnote_1763_1763" class="fnanchor">1763</a></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Foreign Authors quoted.</span>—Democritus,<a id="FNanchor_1764_1764"></a><a href="#Footnote_1764_1764" class="fnanchor">1764</a> Metrodorus<a id="FNanchor_1765_1765"></a><a href="#Footnote_1765_1765" class="fnanchor">1765</a> of -Scepsis, Menæchmus<a id="FNanchor_1766_1766"></a><a href="#Footnote_1766_1766" class="fnanchor">1766</a> who wrote on the Toreutic art, Xenocrates<a id="FNanchor_1767_1767"></a><a href="#Footnote_1767_1767" class="fnanchor">1767</a> -who did the same, Antigonus<a id="FNanchor_1768_1768"></a><a href="#Footnote_1768_1768" class="fnanchor">1768</a> who did the same, -Duris<a id="FNanchor_1769_1769"></a><a href="#Footnote_1769_1769" class="fnanchor">1769</a> who did the same, Heliodorus<a id="FNanchor_1770_1770"></a><a href="#Footnote_1770_1770" class="fnanchor">1770</a> who wrote on the -Votive Offerings of the Athenians, Pasiteles<a id="FNanchor_1771_1771"></a><a href="#Footnote_1771_1771" class="fnanchor">1771</a> who wrote on -Wonderful Works, Timæus<a id="FNanchor_1772_1772"></a><a href="#Footnote_1772_1772" class="fnanchor">1772</a> who wrote on the Medicines derived -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_222">222</a></span>from Metals, Nymphodorus,<a id="FNanchor_1773_1773"></a><a href="#Footnote_1773_1773" class="fnanchor">1773</a> Iollas,<a id="FNanchor_1774_1774"></a><a href="#Footnote_1774_1774" class="fnanchor">1774</a> Apollodorus,<a id="FNanchor_1775_1775"></a><a href="#Footnote_1775_1775" class="fnanchor">1775</a> -Andreas,<a id="FNanchor_1776_1776"></a><a href="#Footnote_1776_1776" class="fnanchor">1776</a> Heraclides,<a id="FNanchor_1777_1777"></a><a href="#Footnote_1777_1777" class="fnanchor">1777</a> Diagoras,<a id="FNanchor_1778_1778"></a><a href="#Footnote_1778_1778" class="fnanchor">1778</a> Botrys,<a id="FNanchor_1779_1779"></a><a href="#Footnote_1779_1779" class="fnanchor">1779</a> Archidemus,<a id="FNanchor_1780_1780"></a><a href="#Footnote_1780_1780" class="fnanchor">1780</a> -Dionysius,<a id="FNanchor_1781_1781"></a><a href="#Footnote_1781_1781" class="fnanchor">1781</a> Aristogenes,<a id="FNanchor_1782_1782"></a><a href="#Footnote_1782_1782" class="fnanchor">1782</a> Democles,<a id="FNanchor_1783_1783"></a><a href="#Footnote_1783_1783" class="fnanchor">1783</a> Mnesides,<a id="FNanchor_1784_1784"></a><a href="#Footnote_1784_1784" class="fnanchor">1784</a> Xenocrates<a id="FNanchor_1785_1785"></a><a href="#Footnote_1785_1785" class="fnanchor">1785</a> -the son of Zeno, Theomnestus.<a id="FNanchor_1786_1786"></a><a href="#Footnote_1786_1786" class="fnanchor">1786</a></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_223">223</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="BOOK_XXXV">BOOK XXXV.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">AN ACCOUNT OF PAINTINGS AND COLOURS.</span></h2></div> - -<h3 class="section nobreak" id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_1"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 1. (1.)—THE HONOUR ATTACHED TO PAINTING.</span></h3> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">I have</span> now given at considerable length an account of the -nature of metals, which constitute our wealth, and of the -substances that are derived from them; so connecting my -various subjects, as, at the same time, to describe an immense -number of medicinal compositions which they furnish, the -mysteries<a id="FNanchor_1787_1787"></a><a href="#Footnote_1787_1787" class="fnanchor">1787</a> thrown upon them by the druggists, and the tedious -minutiæ of the arts of chasing,<a id="FNanchor_1788_1788"></a><a href="#Footnote_1788_1788" class="fnanchor">1788</a> and statuary,<a id="FNanchor_1789_1789"></a><a href="#Footnote_1789_1789" class="fnanchor">1789</a> and of dyeing.<a id="FNanchor_1790_1790"></a><a href="#Footnote_1790_1790" class="fnanchor">1790</a> -It remains for me to describe the various kinds of earths and -stones; a still more extensive series of subjects, each of which -has been treated of, by the Greeks more particularly, in a great -number of volumes. For my own part, I propose to employ a -due degree of brevity, at the same time omitting nothing that -is necessary or that is a product of Nature.</p> - -<p>I shall begin then with what still remains to be said with -reference to painting, an art which was formerly illustrious, -when it was held in esteem both by kings and peoples, and -ennobling those whom it deigned to transmit to posterity. -But at the present day, it is completely banished in favour -of marble, and even gold. For not only are whole walls now -covered with marble, but the marble itself is carved out or -else marqueted so as to represent objects and animals of -various kinds. No longer now are we satisfied with formal -compartitions of marble, or with slabs extended like so many -mountains in our chambers, but we must begin to paint the -very stone itself! This art was invented in the reign of -Claudius, but it was in the time of Nero that we discovered the -method of inserting in marble spots that do not belong to it, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_224">224</a></span>and so varying its uniformity; and this, for the purpose of -representing the marble of Numidia<a id="FNanchor_1791_1791"></a><a href="#Footnote_1791_1791" class="fnanchor">1791</a> variegated with ovals, -and that of Synnada<a id="FNanchor_1792_1792"></a><a href="#Footnote_1792_1792" class="fnanchor">1792</a> veined with purple; just, in fact, as -luxury might have willed that Nature should produce them. -Such are our resources when the quarries fail us, and luxury -ceases not to busy itself, in order that as much as possible may -be lost whenever a conflagration happens.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_2"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 2. (2.)—THE HONOUR ATTACHED TO PORTRAITS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Correct portraits of individuals were formerly transmitted to -future ages by painting; but this has now completely fallen into -desuetude. Brazen shields are now set up, and silver faces, with -only some obscure traces of the countenance;<a id="FNanchor_1793_1793"></a><a href="#Footnote_1793_1793" class="fnanchor">1793</a> the very heads, -too, of statues are changed,<a id="FNanchor_1794_1794"></a><a href="#Footnote_1794_1794" class="fnanchor">1794</a> a thing that has given rise before -now to many a current sarcastic line; so true it is that people -prefer showing off the valuable material, to having a faithful -likeness. And yet, at the same time, we tapestry the walls of -our galleries with old pictures, and we prize the portraits of -strangers; while as to those made in honour of ourselves, we -esteem them only for the value of the material, for some heir to -break up and melt, and so forestall the noose and slip-knot of -the thief.<a id="FNanchor_1795_1795"></a><a href="#Footnote_1795_1795" class="fnanchor">1795</a> Thus it is that we possess the portraits of no -living individuals, and leave behind us the pictures of our -wealth, not of our persons.</p> - -<p>And yet the very same persons adorn the palæstra and the -anointing-room<a id="FNanchor_1796_1796"></a><a href="#Footnote_1796_1796" class="fnanchor">1796</a> with portraits of athletes, and both hang -up in their chamber and carry about them a likeness of -Epicurus.<a id="FNanchor_1797_1797"></a><a href="#Footnote_1797_1797" class="fnanchor">1797</a> On the twentieth day of each moon they celebrate -his birthday<a id="FNanchor_1798_1798"></a><a href="#Footnote_1798_1798" class="fnanchor">1798</a> by a sacrifice, and keep his festival, -known as the “Icas,”<a id="FNanchor_1799_1799"></a><a href="#Footnote_1799_1799" class="fnanchor">1799</a> every month: and these too, people who -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_225">225</a></span>wish to live without being known!<a id="FNanchor_1800_1800"></a><a href="#Footnote_1800_1800" class="fnanchor">1800</a> So it is, most assuredly, -our indolence has lost sight of the arts, and since our minds -are destitute of any characteristic features, those of our bodies -are neglected also.</p> - -<p>But on the contrary, in the days of our ancestors, it was -these that were to be seen in their halls, and not statues made -by foreign artists, or works in bronze or marble: portraits -modelled in wax<a id="FNanchor_1801_1801"></a><a href="#Footnote_1801_1801" class="fnanchor">1801</a> were arranged, each in its separate niche, -to be always in readiness to accompany the funeral processions -of the family;<a id="FNanchor_1802_1802"></a><a href="#Footnote_1802_1802" class="fnanchor">1802</a> occasions on which every member of the -family that had ever existed was always present. The pedigree, -too, of the individual was traced in lines upon each of -these coloured portraits. Their muniment-rooms,<a id="FNanchor_1803_1803"></a><a href="#Footnote_1803_1803" class="fnanchor">1803</a> too, were -filled with archives and memoirs, stating what each had done -when holding the magistracy. On the outside, again, of their -houses, and around the thresholds of their doors, were placed -other statues of those mighty spirits, in the spoils of the enemy -there affixed, memorials which a purchaser even was not -allowed to displace; so that the very house continued to -triumph even after it had changed its master. A powerful -stimulus to emulation this, when the walls each day reproached -an unwarlike owner for having thus intruded upon -the triumphs of another! There is still extant an address by -the orator Messala, full of indignation, in which he forbids -that there should be inserted among the images of his family -any of those of the stranger race of the Lævini.<a id="FNanchor_1804_1804"></a><a href="#Footnote_1804_1804" class="fnanchor">1804</a> It was the -same feeling, too, that extorted from old Messala those compilations -of his “On the Families of Rome;” when, upon -passing through the hall of Scipio Pomponianus,<a id="FNanchor_1805_1805"></a><a href="#Footnote_1805_1805" class="fnanchor">1805</a> he observed -that, in consequence of a testamentary adoption, the Salvittos<a id="FNanchor_1806_1806"></a><a href="#Footnote_1806_1806" class="fnanchor">1806</a>—for -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_226">226</a></span>that had been their surname—to the disgrace of the -Africani, had surreptitiously contrived to assume the name of -the Scipios. But the Messalas must pardon me if I remark, -that to lay a claim, though an untruthful one, to the statues -of illustrious men, shows some love for their virtues, and is -much more honourable than to have such a character as to -merit that no one should wish to claim them.</p> - -<p>There is a new invention too, which we must not omit to -notice. Not only do we consecrate in our libraries, in gold -or silver, or at all events, in bronze, those whose immortal -spirits hold converse with us in those places, but we even go -so far as to reproduce the ideal of features, all remembrance of -which has ceased to exist; and our regrets give existence to -likenesses that have not been transmitted to us, as in the case -of Homer, for example.<a id="FNanchor_1807_1807"></a><a href="#Footnote_1807_1807" class="fnanchor">1807</a> And indeed, it is my opinion, that -nothing can be a greater proof of having achieved success in -life, than a lasting desire on the part of one’s fellow-men, to -know what one’s features were. This practice of grouping -portraits was first introduced at Rome by Asinius Pollio, -who was also the first to establish a public library, and so -make the works of genius the property of the public. -Whether the kings of Alexandria and of Pergamus, who had -so energetically rivalled each other in forming libraries, had -previously introduced this practice, I cannot so easily say.</p> - -<p>That a strong passion for portraits formerly existed, is -attested both by Atticus, the friend of Cicero, who wrote a -work on this subject,<a id="FNanchor_1808_1808"></a><a href="#Footnote_1808_1808" class="fnanchor">1808</a> and by M. Varro, who conceived the -very liberal idea of inserting, by some means<a id="FNanchor_1809_1809"></a><a href="#Footnote_1809_1809" class="fnanchor">1809</a> or other, in his -numerous volumes, the portraits of seven hundred individuals; -as he could not bear the idea that all traces of their features -should be lost, or that the lapse of centuries should get the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_227">227</a></span>better of mankind. Thus was he the inventor of a benefit to -his fellow-men, that might have been envied by the gods -themselves; for not only did he confer upon them immortality, -but he transmitted them, too, to all parts of the earth; so that -everywhere it might be possible for them to be present, and -for each to occupy his niche. This service, too, Varro conferred -upon persons who were no members of his own family.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_3"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 3. (3.)—WHEN SHIELDS WERE FIRST INVENTED WITH -PORTRAITS UPON THEM; AND WHEN THEY WERE FIRST ERECTED -IN PUBLIC.</span></h3></div> - -<p>So far as I can learn, Appius Claudius, who was consul -with P. Servilius, in the year of the City, 259, was the first to -dedicate shields<a id="FNanchor_1810_1810"></a><a href="#Footnote_1810_1810" class="fnanchor">1810</a> in honour of his own family in a sacred or -public place.<a id="FNanchor_1811_1811"></a><a href="#Footnote_1811_1811" class="fnanchor">1811</a> For he placed representations of his ancestors -in the Temple of Bellona, and desired that they might be -erected in an elevated spot, so as to be seen, and the inscriptions -reciting their honours read. A truly graceful device; -more particularly when a multitude of children, represented -by so many tiny figures, displays those germs, as it were, -which are destined to continue the line: shields such as these, -no one can look at without a feeling of pleasure and lively -interest.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_4"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 4.—WHEN THESE SHIELDS WERE FIRST PLACED IN -PRIVATE HOUSES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>More recently, M. Æmilius, who was consul<a id="FNanchor_1812_1812"></a><a href="#Footnote_1812_1812" class="fnanchor">1812</a> with Quintus -Lutatius, not only erected these shields in the Æmilian -Basilica,<a id="FNanchor_1813_1813"></a><a href="#Footnote_1813_1813" class="fnanchor">1813</a> but in his own house as well; in doing which -he followed a truly warlike example. For, in fact, these -portraits were represented on bucklers, similar to those used -in the Trojan War;<a id="FNanchor_1814_1814"></a><a href="#Footnote_1814_1814" class="fnanchor">1814</a> and hence it is that these shields received -their present name of “clypei,” and not, as the perverse -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_228">228</a></span>subtleties of the grammarians will have it, from the word -“cluo.”<a id="FNanchor_1815_1815"></a><a href="#Footnote_1815_1815" class="fnanchor">1815</a> It was an abundant motive for valour, when upon -each shield was represented the features of him who had borne -it. The Carthaginians used to make both their bucklers and their -portraits of gold, and to carry them with them in the camp: at -all events, Marcius, the avenger of the Scipios<a id="FNanchor_1816_1816"></a><a href="#Footnote_1816_1816" class="fnanchor">1816</a> in Spain, found -one of this kind on capturing the camp of Hasdrubal, and it -was this same buckler that remained suspended over the gate of -the Capitoline Temple until the time when it was first burnt.<a id="FNanchor_1817_1817"></a><a href="#Footnote_1817_1817" class="fnanchor">1817</a> -Indeed, in the days of our ancestors, so assured was the safety -of these shields, that it has been a subject of remark, that in -the consulship of L. Manlius and Q. Fulvius, in the year of -the City, 575, M. Aufidius, who had given security for the -safety of the Capitol, informed the senate that the bucklers -there which for some lustra<a id="FNanchor_1818_1818"></a><a href="#Footnote_1818_1818" class="fnanchor">1818</a> had been assessed as copper, -were in reality made of silver.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_5"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 5.—THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE ART OF PAINTING. MONOCHROME -PAINTINGS. THE EARLIEST PAINTERS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We have no certain knowledge as to the commencement of -the art of painting, nor does this enquiry fall under our consideration. -The Egyptians assert that it was invented among -themselves, six thousand years before it passed into Greece; a -vain boast, it is very evident.<a id="FNanchor_1819_1819"></a><a href="#Footnote_1819_1819" class="fnanchor">1819</a> As to the Greeks, some say -that it was invented at Sicyon, others at Corinth; but they -all agree that it originated in tracing lines round the human -shadow.<a id="FNanchor_1820_1820"></a><a href="#Footnote_1820_1820" class="fnanchor">1820</a> The first stage of the art, they say, was this, the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_229">229</a></span>second stage being the employment of single colours; a process -known as “monochromaton,”<a id="FNanchor_1821_1821"></a><a href="#Footnote_1821_1821" class="fnanchor">1821</a> after it had become more -complicated, and which is still in use at the present day. -The invention of line-drawing has been assigned to Philocles, -the Egyptian, or to Cleanthes<a id="FNanchor_1822_1822"></a><a href="#Footnote_1822_1822" class="fnanchor">1822</a> of Corinth. The first -who practised this line-drawing were Aridices, the Corinthian, -and Telephanes, the Sicyonian, artists who, without making -use of any colours, shaded the interior of the outline by -drawing lines;<a id="FNanchor_1823_1823"></a><a href="#Footnote_1823_1823" class="fnanchor">1823</a> hence, it was the custom with them to add to -the picture the name of the person represented. Ecphantus, -the Corinthian, was the first to employ colours upon these -pictures, made, it is said, of broken earthenware, reduced to -powder. We shall show on a future<a id="FNanchor_1824_1824"></a><a href="#Footnote_1824_1824" class="fnanchor">1824</a> occasion, that it was a -different artist of the same name, who, according to Cornelius -Nepos, came to Italy with Demaratus, the father of the Roman -king, Tarquinius Priscus, on his flight from Corinth to escape -the violence of the tyrant Cypselus.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_6"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 6.—THE ANTIQUITY OF PAINTING IN ITALY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>But already, in fact, had the art of painting been perfectly -developed in Italy.<a id="FNanchor_1825_1825"></a><a href="#Footnote_1825_1825" class="fnanchor">1825</a> At all events, there are extant in the -temples at Ardea, at this day, paintings of greater antiquity -than Rome itself; in which, in my opinion, nothing is more -marvellous, than that they should have remained so long -unprotected by a roof, and yet preserving their freshness.<a id="FNanchor_1826_1826"></a><a href="#Footnote_1826_1826" class="fnanchor">1826</a> At -Lanuvium, too, it is the same, where we see an Atalanta and a -Helena, without drapery, close together, and painted by the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_230">230</a></span>same artist. They are both of the greatest beauty, the former -being evidently the figure of a virgin, and they still remain -uninjured, though the temple is in ruins. The Emperor -Caius,<a id="FNanchor_1827_1827"></a><a href="#Footnote_1827_1827" class="fnanchor">1827</a> inflamed with lustfulness, attempted to have them -removed, but the nature of the plaster would not admit of it. -There are in existence at Cære,<a id="FNanchor_1828_1828"></a><a href="#Footnote_1828_1828" class="fnanchor">1828</a> some paintings of a still higher -antiquity. Whoever carefully examines them, will be forced -to admit that no art has arrived more speedily at perfection, -seeing that it evidently was not in existence at the time -of the Trojan War.<a id="FNanchor_1829_1829"></a><a href="#Footnote_1829_1829" class="fnanchor">1829</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_7"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 7. (4.)—ROMAN PAINTERS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Among the Romans, too, this art very soon rose into esteem, -for it was from it that the Fabii, a most illustrious family, derived -their surname of “Pictor;” indeed the first of the family -who bore it, himself painted the Temple of Salus,<a id="FNanchor_1830_1830"></a><a href="#Footnote_1830_1830" class="fnanchor">1830</a> in the year -of the City, 450; a work which lasted to our own times, but was -destroyed when the temple was burnt, in the reign of Claudius. -Next in celebrity were the paintings of the poet Pacuvius, in -the Temple of Hercules, situate in the Cattle Market:<a id="FNanchor_1831_1831"></a><a href="#Footnote_1831_1831" class="fnanchor">1831</a> he was -a son of the sister of Ennius, and the fame of the art was -enhanced at Rome by the success of the artist on the stage. -After this period, the art was no longer practised by men of -rank; unless, indeed, we would make reference to Turpilius, -in our own times, a native of Venetia, and of equestrian rank, -several of whose beautiful works are still in existence at -Verona. He painted, too, with his left hand, a thing never -known to have been done by any one before.<a id="FNanchor_1832_1832"></a><a href="#Footnote_1832_1832" class="fnanchor">1832</a></p> - -<p>Titidius Labeo, a person of prætorian rank, who had been -formerly proconsul of the province of Gallia Narbonensis, and -who lately died at a very advanced age, used to pride himself -upon the little pictures which he executed, but it only caused -him to be ridiculed and sneered at. I must not omit, too, to -mention a celebrated consultation upon the subject of painting, -which was held by some persons of the highest rank. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_231">231</a></span>Q. Pedius,<a id="FNanchor_1833_1833"></a><a href="#Footnote_1833_1833" class="fnanchor">1833</a> who had been honoured with the consulship and a -triumph, and who had been named by the Dictator Cæsar as -co-heir with Augustus, had a grandson, who being dumb from -his birth, the orator Messala, to whose family his grandmother -belonged, recommended that he should be brought up as a -painter, a proposal which was also approved of by the late -Emperor Augustus. He died, however, in his youth, after -having made great progress in the art. But the high estimation -in which painting came to be held at Rome, was principally -due, in my opinion, to M. Valerius Maximus Messala, -who, in the year of the City, 490, was the first to exhibit a -painting to the public; a picture, namely, of the battle in -which he had defeated the Carthaginians and Hiero in Sicily, -upon one side of the Curia Hostilia.<a id="FNanchor_1834_1834"></a><a href="#Footnote_1834_1834" class="fnanchor">1834</a> The same thing was done, -too, by L. Scipio,<a id="FNanchor_1835_1835"></a><a href="#Footnote_1835_1835" class="fnanchor">1835</a> who placed in the Capitol a painting of the -victory which he had gained in Asia; but his brother Africanus, -it is said, was offended at it, and not without reason, for his -son had been taken prisoner in the battle.<a id="FNanchor_1836_1836"></a><a href="#Footnote_1836_1836" class="fnanchor">1836</a> Lucius Hostilius -Mancinus,<a id="FNanchor_1837_1837"></a><a href="#Footnote_1837_1837" class="fnanchor">1837</a> too, who had been the first to enter Carthage at the -final attack, gave a very similar offence to Æmilianus,<a id="FNanchor_1838_1838"></a><a href="#Footnote_1838_1838" class="fnanchor">1838</a> by -exposing in the Forum a painting of that city and the attack -upon it, he himself standing near the picture, and describing -to the spectators the various details of the siege; a piece of -complaisance which secured him the consulship at the ensuing -Comitia.</p> - -<p>The stage, too, which was erected for the games celebrated -by Claudius Pulcher,<a id="FNanchor_1839_1839"></a><a href="#Footnote_1839_1839" class="fnanchor">1839</a> brought the art of painting into great -admiration, it being observed that the ravens were so deceived -by the resemblance, as to light upon the decorations -which were painted in imitation of tiles.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_232">232</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_8"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 8.—AT WHAT PERIOD FOREIGN PAINTINGS WERE FIRST -INTRODUCED AT ROME.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The high estimation in which the paintings of foreigners were -held at Rome commenced with Lucius Mummius, who, from -his victories, acquired the surname of “Achaicus.” For upon -the sale of the spoil on that occasion, King Attalus having purchased, -at the price of six thousand denarii, a painting of Father -Liber by Aristides,<a id="FNanchor_1840_1840"></a><a href="#Footnote_1840_1840" class="fnanchor">1840</a> Mummius, feeling surprised at the -price, and suspecting that there might be some merit in it of -which he himself was unaware,<a id="FNanchor_1841_1841"></a><a href="#Footnote_1841_1841" class="fnanchor">1841</a> in spite of the complaints of -Attalus, broke off the bargain, and had the picture placed in -the Temple of Ceres;<a id="FNanchor_1842_1842"></a><a href="#Footnote_1842_1842" class="fnanchor">1842</a> the first instance, I conceive, of a foreign -painting being publicly exhibited at Rome.</p> - -<p>After this, I find, it became a common practice to exhibit -foreign pictures in the Forum; for it was to this circumstance -that we are indebted for a joke of the orator Crassus. While -pleading below the Old Shops,<a id="FNanchor_1843_1843"></a><a href="#Footnote_1843_1843" class="fnanchor">1843</a> he was interrupted by a witness -who had been summoned, with the question, “Tell me then, -Crassus, what do you take me to be?” “Very much like -him,” answered he, pointing to the figure of a Gaul in a picture, -thrusting out his tongue in a very unbecoming manner.<a id="FNanchor_1844_1844"></a><a href="#Footnote_1844_1844" class="fnanchor">1844</a> -It was in the Forum, too, that was placed the picture of the -Old Shepherd leaning on his staff; respecting which, when the -envoy of the Teutones was asked what he thought was the -value of it, he made answer that he would rather not have -the original even, at a gift.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_9"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 9.—AT WHAT PERIOD PAINTING WAS FIRST HELD IN HIGH -ESTEEM AT ROME, AND FROM WHAT CAUSES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>But it was the Dictator Cæsar that first brought the public -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_233">233</a></span>exhibition of pictures into such high estimation, by consecrating -an Ajax and a Medea<a id="FNanchor_1845_1845"></a><a href="#Footnote_1845_1845" class="fnanchor">1845</a> before the Temple of Venus Genetrix.<a id="FNanchor_1846_1846"></a><a href="#Footnote_1846_1846" class="fnanchor">1846</a> -After him there was M. Agrippa, a man who was naturally more -attached to rustic simplicity than to refinement. Still, however, -we have a magnificent oration of his, and one well worthy of -the greatest of our citizens, on the advantage of exhibiting in -public all pictures and statues; a practice which would have -been far preferable to sending them into banishment at our -country-houses. Severe as he was in his tastes, he paid the -people of Cyzicus twelve hundred thousand sesterces for two -paintings, an Ajax and a Venus. He also ordered small paintings -to be set in marble in the very hottest part of his Warm -Baths;<a id="FNanchor_1847_1847"></a><a href="#Footnote_1847_1847" class="fnanchor">1847</a> where they remained until they were removed a short -time since, when the building was repaired.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_10"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 10.—WHAT PICTURES THE EMPERORS HAVE EXHIBITED -IN PUBLIC.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The late Emperor Augustus did more than all the others; -for he placed in the most conspicuous part of his Forum, two -pictures, representing War and Triumph.<a id="FNanchor_1848_1848"></a><a href="#Footnote_1848_1848" class="fnanchor">1848</a> He also placed in -the Temple of his father,<a id="FNanchor_1849_1849"></a><a href="#Footnote_1849_1849" class="fnanchor">1849</a> Cæsar, a picture of the Castors,<a id="FNanchor_1850_1850"></a><a href="#Footnote_1850_1850" class="fnanchor">1850</a> -and one of Victory, in addition to those which we shall mention -in our account of the works of the different artists.<a id="FNanchor_1851_1851"></a><a href="#Footnote_1851_1851" class="fnanchor">1851</a> He -also inserted two pictures in the wall of the Curia<a id="FNanchor_1852_1852"></a><a href="#Footnote_1852_1852" class="fnanchor">1852</a> which -he consecrated in the Comitium;<a id="FNanchor_1853_1853"></a><a href="#Footnote_1853_1853" class="fnanchor">1853</a> one of which was a Nemea<a id="FNanchor_1854_1854"></a><a href="#Footnote_1854_1854" class="fnanchor">1854</a> -seated upon a lion, and bearing a palm in her hand. Close to -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_234">234</a></span>her is an Old Man, standing with a staff, and above his head -hangs the picture of a chariot with two horses. Nicias<a id="FNanchor_1855_1855"></a><a href="#Footnote_1855_1855" class="fnanchor">1855</a> has -written upon this picture that he “inburned”<a id="FNanchor_1856_1856"></a><a href="#Footnote_1856_1856" class="fnanchor">1856</a> it, such being -the word he has employed.</p> - -<p>In the second picture the thing to be chiefly admired, is the -resemblance that the youth bears to the old man his father, -allowing, of course, for the difference in age; above them soars -an eagle, which grasps a dragon in its talons. Philochares<a id="FNanchor_1857_1857"></a><a href="#Footnote_1857_1857" class="fnanchor">1857</a> -attests that he is the author of this work, an instance, if we -only consider it, of the mighty power wielded by the pictorial -art; for here, thanks to Philochares, the senate of the Roman -people, age after age, has before its eyes Glaucion and his son -Aristippus, persons who would otherwise have been altogether -unknown. The Emperor Tiberius, too, a prince who was by -no means very gracious, has exhibited in the temple dedicated -by him, in his turn, to Augustus, several pictures which -we shall describe hereafter.<a id="FNanchor_1858_1858"></a><a href="#Footnote_1858_1858" class="fnanchor">1858</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_11"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 11. (5.)—THE ART OF PAINTING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Thus much then with reference to the dignity of this now -expiring art. We have already<a id="FNanchor_1859_1859"></a><a href="#Footnote_1859_1859" class="fnanchor">1859</a> stated with what single -colours the earlier artists painted, when speaking of these -pigments under the head of metals. The new modes of -painting which were afterwards discovered, and are known as -“neogrammatea,”<a id="FNanchor_1860_1860"></a><a href="#Footnote_1860_1860" class="fnanchor">1860</a> the names of the artists, their different inventions, -and the periods at which these inventions were adopted, -will all be described when we come to enumerate the painters: -for the present, however, the proposed plan of this work -requires, that I should enlarge upon the nature of the several -colours that are employed.</p> - -<p>The art of painting at last became developed, in the invention -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_235">235</a></span>of light and shade, the alternating contrast of the colours -serving to heighten the effect of each. At a later period, again, -lustre<a id="FNanchor_1861_1861"></a><a href="#Footnote_1861_1861" class="fnanchor">1861</a> was added, a thing altogether different from light. The -gradation between lustre and light on the one hand and shade -on the other, was called “tonos;” while the blending of the -various tints, and their passing into one another, was known as -“harmoge.”<a id="FNanchor_1862_1862"></a><a href="#Footnote_1862_1862" class="fnanchor">1862</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_12"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 12. (6.)—PIGMENTS OTHER THAN THOSE OF A METALLIC -ORIGIN. ARTIFICIAL COLOURS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Colours are either<a id="FNanchor_1863_1863"></a><a href="#Footnote_1863_1863" class="fnanchor">1863</a> sombre or florid, these qualities arising -either from the nature, of the substances or their mode of combination. -The florid colours are those which the employer -supplies<a id="FNanchor_1864_1864"></a><a href="#Footnote_1864_1864" class="fnanchor">1864</a> to the painter at his own expense; minium,<a id="FNanchor_1865_1865"></a><a href="#Footnote_1865_1865" class="fnanchor">1865</a> -namely, armenium, cinnabaris,<a id="FNanchor_1866_1866"></a><a href="#Footnote_1866_1866" class="fnanchor">1866</a> chrysocolla,<a id="FNanchor_1867_1867"></a><a href="#Footnote_1867_1867" class="fnanchor">1867</a> indicum, and -purpurissum. The others are the sombre colours. Taking -both kinds together, some are native colours, and others are -artificial. Sinopis, rubrica, parætonium, melinum, eretria and -orpiment, are native colours. The others are artificial, more -particularly those described by us when speaking of metals; -in addition to which there are, among the more common colours, -ochra, usta or burnt ceruse, sandarach, sandyx, syricum, and -atramentum.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_13"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 13.—SINOPIS: ELEVEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Sinopis<a id="FNanchor_1868_1868"></a><a href="#Footnote_1868_1868" class="fnanchor">1868</a> was discovered in Pontus; and hence its name, -from the city of Sinope there. It is produced also in Egypt, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_236">236</a></span>the Balearic islands, and Africa; but the best is found in -Lemnos and Cappadocia, being extracted from quarries there. -That part is considered the best which has been found adhering -to the rock. In the native mass, it has its own proper colour -within, but is spotted on the exterior; the ancients made use -of it for tone.<a id="FNanchor_1869_1869"></a><a href="#Footnote_1869_1869" class="fnanchor">1869</a></p> - -<p>There are three kinds of sinopis, the red, the pale red, and -the intermediate. The price of the best is twelve denarii per -pound; it is used both for painting with the brush, and for -colouring wood. The kind which comes from Africa sells at -eight asses per pound; the name given to it is “cicerculum.”<a id="FNanchor_1870_1870"></a><a href="#Footnote_1870_1870" class="fnanchor">1870</a> -That<a id="FNanchor_1871_1871"></a><a href="#Footnote_1871_1871" class="fnanchor">1871</a> which is of the deepest red is the most in use for -colouring compartitions. The sinopis known as the dull<a id="FNanchor_1872_1872"></a><a href="#Footnote_1872_1872" class="fnanchor">1872</a> -kind, being of a very tawny complexion, sells also at the price -of eight asses per pound; it is used principally for the lower<a id="FNanchor_1873_1873"></a><a href="#Footnote_1873_1873" class="fnanchor">1873</a> -parts of compartitions.</p> - -<p>Used medicinally, sinopis is of a soothing nature, and is employed -as an ingredient in plasters and emollient poultices. -It admits of being easily used, whether in the form of a dry -or of a liquid composition, for the cure of ulcers situate in the -humid parts of the body, the mouth and the rectum, for instance. -Used as an injection, it arrests looseness of the bowels, -and, taken in doses of one denarius, it acts as a check upon -female discharges. Applied in a burnt state, with wine in -particular, it has a desiccative effect upon granulations of the -eyelids.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_14"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 14.—RUBRICA; LEMNIAN EARTH: FOUR REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Some persons have wished to make out that sinopis is -nothing else but a kind of rubrica<a id="FNanchor_1874_1874"></a><a href="#Footnote_1874_1874" class="fnanchor">1874</a> of second-rate quality, -looking upon earth of Lemnos as a rubrics of the highest -quality. This last approaches very nearly to minium,<a id="FNanchor_1875_1875"></a><a href="#Footnote_1875_1875" class="fnanchor">1875</a> and -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_237">237</a></span>was as highly esteemed among the ancients as the island that -produces it: it was never sold except in sealed packages, a circumstance -to which it was indebted for its additional name of -“sphragis.” It is with this material that they give the under-coating -to minium, in the adulteration of which it is also extensively -employed.</p> - -<p>In medicine it is very highly esteemed. Applied to the -eyes in the form of a liniment, it allays defluxions and pains -in those organs, and arrests the discharges from lachrymal -fistulas. To persons vomiting blood, it is administered with -vinegar to drink. It is taken also internally for affections of -the spleen and kidneys; and by females for the purpose of -arresting flooding. It is employed too, to counteract the -effects of poisons, and of stings inflicted by sea or land serpents; -hence it is that it is so commonly used as an ingredient -in antidotes.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_15"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 15.—EGYPTIAN EARTH.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Of the other kinds of rubrica, those of Egypt and Africa are -of the greatest utility to workers in wood, from the fact of -their being absorbed with the greatest rapidity. They are -used also for painting, and are found in a native state in iron-mines.<a id="FNanchor_1876_1876"></a><a href="#Footnote_1876_1876" class="fnanchor">1876</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_16"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 16.—OCHRA: REMEDIES DERIVED FROM RUBRICA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It is from rubrica also, that ochra<a id="FNanchor_1877_1877"></a><a href="#Footnote_1877_1877" class="fnanchor">1877</a> is prepared, the rubrica -being burnt<a id="FNanchor_1878_1878"></a><a href="#Footnote_1878_1878" class="fnanchor">1878</a> in new earthen pots well luted with clay. The -more highly it is calcined in the furnace, the better the -colour is. All kinds of rubrica are of a desiccative nature, and -hence it is that they are so useful for plasters, and as an application -even for erysipelas.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_17"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 17.—LEUCOPHORON.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Half a pound of Pontic sinopis, ten pounds of bright sil,<a id="FNanchor_1879_1879"></a><a href="#Footnote_1879_1879" class="fnanchor">1879</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_238">238</a></span>and two pounds of Greek melinum,<a id="FNanchor_1880_1880"></a><a href="#Footnote_1880_1880" class="fnanchor">1880</a> well mixed and triturated -together for twelve successive days, produce “leucophoron,”<a id="FNanchor_1881_1881"></a><a href="#Footnote_1881_1881" class="fnanchor">1881</a> -a cement used for applying gold-leaf to wood.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_18"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 18.—PARÆTONIUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Parætonium<a id="FNanchor_1882_1882"></a><a href="#Footnote_1882_1882" class="fnanchor">1882</a> is so called from the place<a id="FNanchor_1883_1883"></a><a href="#Footnote_1883_1883" class="fnanchor">1883</a> of that name in -Egypt. It is sea-foam,<a id="FNanchor_1884_1884"></a><a href="#Footnote_1884_1884" class="fnanchor">1884</a> they say, solidified with slime, and -hence it is that minute shells are often found in it. It is prepared -also in the Isle of Crete, and at Cyrenæ. At Rome, it is -adulterated with Cimolian<a id="FNanchor_1885_1885"></a><a href="#Footnote_1885_1885" class="fnanchor">1885</a> earth, boiled and thickened. The -price of that of the highest quality is fifty denarii per six -pounds. This is the most unctuous of all the white colours, -and the most tenacious as a coating for plaster, the result of -its smoothness.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_19"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 19.—MELINUM: SIX REMEDIES. CERUSE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Melinum, too, is a white colour, the best being the produce -of the Isle of Melos.<a id="FNanchor_1886_1886"></a><a href="#Footnote_1886_1886" class="fnanchor">1886</a> It is found also in Samos; but this -last kind is never used by painters, in consequence of its being -too unctuous. The persons employed in extracting it, lie at -full length upon the ground, and search for the veins among the -rocks. In medicine it is employed for much the same purposes -as eretria;<a id="FNanchor_1887_1887"></a><a href="#Footnote_1887_1887" class="fnanchor">1887</a> in addition to which, it dries the tongue, acts as -a depilatory, and has a soothing effect. The price of it is one -sestertius per pound.</p> - -<p>The third of the white pigments is ceruse, the nature of -which we have already<a id="FNanchor_1888_1888"></a><a href="#Footnote_1888_1888" class="fnanchor">1888</a> explained when speaking of the ores -of lead; there was also a native ceruse, formerly found on the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_239">239</a></span>lands of Theodotus at Smyrna, which the ancients made use of -for painting ships. At the present day, all ceruse is prepared -artificially, from lead and vinegar,<a id="FNanchor_1889_1889"></a><a href="#Footnote_1889_1889" class="fnanchor">1889</a> as already stated.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_20"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 20.—USTA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Usta<a id="FNanchor_1890_1890"></a><a href="#Footnote_1890_1890" class="fnanchor">1890</a> was accidentally discovered at a fire in the Piræus, -some ceruse having been burnt in the jars there. Nicias, the -artist above-mentioned,<a id="FNanchor_1891_1891"></a><a href="#Footnote_1891_1891" class="fnanchor">1891</a> was the first to use it. At the -present day, that of Asia, known also as “purpurea,” is considered -the best. The price of it is six denarii per pound. It -is prepared also at Rome by calcining marbled sil,<a id="FNanchor_1892_1892"></a><a href="#Footnote_1892_1892" class="fnanchor">1892</a> and -quenching it with vinegar. Without the use of usta shadows -cannot be made.<a id="FNanchor_1893_1893"></a><a href="#Footnote_1893_1893" class="fnanchor">1893</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_21"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 21.—ERETRIA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Eretria takes its name from the territory<a id="FNanchor_1894_1894"></a><a href="#Footnote_1894_1894" class="fnanchor">1894</a> which produces -it. Nicomachus<a id="FNanchor_1895_1895"></a><a href="#Footnote_1895_1895" class="fnanchor">1895</a> and Parrhasius made use of it. In a medicinal -point of view, it is cooling and emollient. In a calcined -state, it promotes the cicatrization of wounds, is very useful -as a desiccative, and is particularly good for pains in the head, -and for the detection of internal suppurations. If the earth, -when applied<a id="FNanchor_1896_1896"></a><a href="#Footnote_1896_1896" class="fnanchor">1896</a> with water, does not dry with rapidity, the -presence of purulent matter is apprehended.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_22"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 22.—SANDARACH.</span></h3></div> - -<p>According to Juba, sandarach and ochra are both of them -productions of the island of Topazus,<a id="FNanchor_1897_1897"></a><a href="#Footnote_1897_1897" class="fnanchor">1897</a> in the Red Sea; but -neither of them are imported to us from that place. The -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_240">240</a></span>mode of preparing sandarach we have described<a id="FNanchor_1898_1898"></a><a href="#Footnote_1898_1898" class="fnanchor">1898</a> already: -there is a spurious kind also, prepared by calcining ceruse in -the furnace. This substance, to be good, ought to be of a -flame colour; the price of it is five asses per pound.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_23"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 23.—SANDYX.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Calcined with an equal proportion of rubrica, sandarach -forms sandyx;<a id="FNanchor_1899_1899"></a><a href="#Footnote_1899_1899" class="fnanchor">1899</a> although I perceive that Virgil, in the following -line,<a id="FNanchor_1900_1900"></a><a href="#Footnote_1900_1900" class="fnanchor">1900</a> has taken sandyx to be a plant—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“Sandyx itself shall clothe the feeding lambs.”</div> -</div></div></div> - -<p>The price of sandyx<a id="FNanchor_1901_1901"></a><a href="#Footnote_1901_1901" class="fnanchor">1901</a> is one half that of sandarach; these -two colours being the heaviest of all in weight.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_24"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 24.—SYRICUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Among the artificial colours, too, is syricum, which is used -as an under-coating for minium, as already<a id="FNanchor_1902_1902"></a><a href="#Footnote_1902_1902" class="fnanchor">1902</a> stated. It is -prepared from a combination of sinopis with sandyx.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_25"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 25.—ATRAMENTUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Atramentum,<a id="FNanchor_1903_1903"></a><a href="#Footnote_1903_1903" class="fnanchor">1903</a> too, must be reckoned among the artificial colours, -although it is also derived in two ways from the earth. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_241">241</a></span>For sometimes it is found exuding from the earth like the -brine of salt-pits, while at other times an earth itself of a -sulphurous colour is sought for the purpose. Painters, too, have -been known to go so far as to dig up half-charred bones<a id="FNanchor_1904_1904"></a><a href="#Footnote_1904_1904" class="fnanchor">1904</a> from -the sepulchres for this purpose.</p> - -<p>All these plans, however, are new-fangled and troublesome; -for this substance may be prepared, in numerous ways, from -the soot that is yielded by the combustion of resin or pitch; -so much so, indeed, that manufactories have been built on the -principle of not allowing an escape for the smoke evolved by -the process. The most esteemed black,<a id="FNanchor_1905_1905"></a><a href="#Footnote_1905_1905" class="fnanchor">1905</a> however, that is made -in this way, is prepared from the wood of the torch-pine.</p> - -<p>It is adulterated by mixing it with the ordinary soot from -furnaces and baths, a substance which is also employed for the -purpose of writing. Others, again, calcine dried wine-lees, and -assure us that if the wine was originally of good quality from -which the colour is made, it will bear comparison with that of -indicum.<a id="FNanchor_1906_1906"></a><a href="#Footnote_1906_1906" class="fnanchor">1906</a> Polygnotus and Micon, the most celebrated painters -of Athens, made their black from grape-husks, and called it -“tryginon.”<a id="FNanchor_1907_1907"></a><a href="#Footnote_1907_1907" class="fnanchor">1907</a> Apelles invented a method of preparing it from -burnt ivory, the name given to it being “elephantinon.”</p> - -<p>We have indicum also, a substance imported from India, the -composition of which is at present unknown to me.<a id="FNanchor_1908_1908"></a><a href="#Footnote_1908_1908" class="fnanchor">1908</a> Dyers, -too, prepare an atramentum from the black inflorescence which -adheres to the brazen dye-pans. It is made also from logs of -torch-pine, burnt to charcoal and pounded in a mortar. The sæpia, -too, has a wonderful property of secreting a black liquid;<a id="FNanchor_1909_1909"></a><a href="#Footnote_1909_1909" class="fnanchor">1909</a> -but from this liquid no colour is prepared. The preparation of -every kind of atramentum is completed by exposure to the sun; -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_242">242</a></span>the black, for writing, having an admixture of gum, and that -for coating walls, an admixture of glue. Black pigment that -has been dissolved in vinegar is not easily effaced by washing.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_26"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 26.—PURPURISSUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Among the remaining colours which, as already stated,<a id="FNanchor_1910_1910"></a><a href="#Footnote_1910_1910" class="fnanchor">1910</a> -owing to their dearness are furnished by the employer, purpurissum -holds the highest rank. For the purpose of preparing -it, argentaria or silver chalk<a id="FNanchor_1911_1911"></a><a href="#Footnote_1911_1911" class="fnanchor">1911</a> is dyed along with purple<a id="FNanchor_1912_1912"></a><a href="#Footnote_1912_1912" class="fnanchor">1912</a> -cloth, it imbibing the colour more speedily than the wool. The -best of all is that which, being thrown the very first into the -boiling cauldron, becomes saturated with the dye in its primitive -state. The next best in quality is that which has been -put into the same liquor, after the first has been removed. -Each time that this is done, the quality becomes proportionally -deteriorated, owing, of course, to the comparative thinness -of the liquid. The reason that the purpurissum of Puteoli -is more highly esteemed than that of Tyre, Gætulia, or Laconia, -places which produce the most precious kinds of purple, is the -fact that it combines more readily with hysginum,<a id="FNanchor_1913_1913"></a><a href="#Footnote_1913_1913" class="fnanchor">1913</a> and that -it is made to absorb the colouring liquid of madder. The -worst purpurissum is that of Lanuvium.<a id="FNanchor_1914_1914"></a><a href="#Footnote_1914_1914" class="fnanchor">1914</a></p> - -<p>The price of purpurissum is from one to thirty denarii per -pound. Persons who use it in painting, place a coat of sandyx -beneath; a layer on which of purpurissum with glair of egg, -produces all the brilliant tints of minium. If, on the other -hand, it is their object to make a purple, they lay a coat of -cæruleum<a id="FNanchor_1915_1915"></a><a href="#Footnote_1915_1915" class="fnanchor">1915</a> beneath, and purpurissum, with egg,<a id="FNanchor_1916_1916"></a><a href="#Footnote_1916_1916" class="fnanchor">1916</a> upon it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_27"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 27.—INDICUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Next in esteem to this is indicum,<a id="FNanchor_1917_1917"></a><a href="#Footnote_1917_1917" class="fnanchor">1917</a> a production of India, -being a slime<a id="FNanchor_1918_1918"></a><a href="#Footnote_1918_1918" class="fnanchor">1918</a> which adheres to the scum upon the reeds there. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_243">243</a></span>When powdered, it is black in appearance, but when diluted in -water it yields a marvellous combination of purple and cæruleum. -There is another<a id="FNanchor_1919_1919"></a><a href="#Footnote_1919_1919" class="fnanchor">1919</a> kind, also, which floats upon the surface -of the pans in the purple dye-houses, being the scum -which rises upon the purple dye. Persons who adulterate it, -stain pigeons’ dung with genuine indicum, or else colour Selinusian<a id="FNanchor_1920_1920"></a><a href="#Footnote_1920_1920" class="fnanchor">1920</a> -earth, or anularian<a id="FNanchor_1921_1921"></a><a href="#Footnote_1921_1921" class="fnanchor">1921</a> chalk with woad.</p> - -<p>The proper way of testing indicum is by laying it on hot -coals, that which is genuine producing a fine purple flame, -and emitting a smell like that of sea-water while it smokes: -hence it is that some are of opinion that it is gathered from the -rocks on the sea-shore. The price of indicum is twenty denarii -per pound. Used medicinally, it alleviates cold shiverings -and defluxions, and acts as a desiccative upon sores.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_28"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 28.—ARMENIUM; ONE REMEDY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Armenia sends us the colouring substance which is known -to us by its name.<a id="FNanchor_1922_1922"></a><a href="#Footnote_1922_1922" class="fnanchor">1922</a> This also is a mineral, which admits of -being dyed, like chrysocolla,<a id="FNanchor_1923_1923"></a><a href="#Footnote_1923_1923" class="fnanchor">1923</a> and is best when it most closely -resembles that substance, the colour being pretty much that of -cæruleum. In former times it was sold at thirty sesterces per -pound; but there has been found of late in the Spanish -provinces a sand which admits of a similar preparation, and -consequently armenium has come to be sold so low as at six -denarii per pound. It differs from cæruleum in a certain -degree of whiteness, which causes the colour it yields to be -thinner in comparison. The only use made of it in medicine -is for the purpose of giving nourishment to the hair, that of -the eyelids in particular.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_29"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 29.—APPIANUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There are also two colours of very inferior quality, which -have been recently discovered. One of these is the green -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_244">244</a></span>known as “appianum,”<a id="FNanchor_1924_1924"></a><a href="#Footnote_1924_1924" class="fnanchor">1924</a> a fair imitation of chrysocolla; just -as though, we had not had to mention sufficient of these counterfeits -already. This colour, too, is prepared from a green -chalk, the usual price of it being one sesterce per pound.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_30"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 30.—ANULARIAN WHITE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The other colour is that known as “anularian<a id="FNanchor_1925_1925"></a><a href="#Footnote_1925_1925" class="fnanchor">1925</a> white;” -being used for giving a brilliant whiteness to the figures of -females.<a id="FNanchor_1926_1926"></a><a href="#Footnote_1926_1926" class="fnanchor">1926</a> This, too, is prepared from a kind of chalk, combined -with the glassy paste which the lower classes wear in their -rings:<a id="FNanchor_1927_1927"></a><a href="#Footnote_1927_1927" class="fnanchor">1927</a> hence it is, that it has the name “anulare.”</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_31"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 31. (7.)—WHICH COLOURS DO NOT ADMIT OF BEING -LAID ON A WET COATING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Those among the colours which require a dry, cretaceous, -coating,<a id="FNanchor_1928_1928"></a><a href="#Footnote_1928_1928" class="fnanchor">1928</a> and refuse to adhere to a wet surface, are purpurissum, -indicum, cæruleum,<a id="FNanchor_1929_1929"></a><a href="#Footnote_1929_1929" class="fnanchor">1929</a> melinum, orpiment, appianum, and -ceruse. Wax, too, is stained with all these colouring substances -for encaustic painting;<a id="FNanchor_1930_1930"></a><a href="#Footnote_1930_1930" class="fnanchor">1930</a> a process which does not admit of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_245">245</a></span>being applied to walls, but is in common use<a id="FNanchor_1931_1931"></a><a href="#Footnote_1931_1931" class="fnanchor">1931</a> by way of ornament -for ships of war, and, indeed, merchant-ships at the present -day. As we go so far as to paint these vehicles of danger, no -one can be surprised if we paint our funeral piles as well, or -if we have our gladiators conveyed in handsome carriages to -the scene of death, or, at all events, of carnage. When we -only contemplate this extensive variety of colours, we cannot -but admire the ingenuity displayed by the men of former -days.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_32"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 32.—WHAT COLOURS WERE USED BY THE ANCIENTS IN -PAINTING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It was with four colours only,<a id="FNanchor_1932_1932"></a><a href="#Footnote_1932_1932" class="fnanchor">1932</a> that Apelles,<a id="FNanchor_1933_1933"></a><a href="#Footnote_1933_1933" class="fnanchor">1933</a> Echion, -Melanthius, and Nicomachus, those most illustrous painters, -executed their immortal works; melinum<a id="FNanchor_1934_1934"></a><a href="#Footnote_1934_1934" class="fnanchor">1934</a> for the white, Attic -sil<a id="FNanchor_1935_1935"></a><a href="#Footnote_1935_1935" class="fnanchor">1935</a> for the yellow, Pontic sinopis for the red, and atramentum -for the black;<a id="FNanchor_1936_1936"></a><a href="#Footnote_1936_1936" class="fnanchor">1936</a> and yet a single picture of theirs has sold before -now for the treasures of whole cities. But at the present day, -when purple is employed for colouring walls even, and when -India sends to us the slime<a id="FNanchor_1937_1937"></a><a href="#Footnote_1937_1937" class="fnanchor">1937</a> of her rivers, and the corrupt blood -of her dragons<a id="FNanchor_1938_1938"></a><a href="#Footnote_1938_1938" class="fnanchor">1938</a> and her elephants, there is no such thing as a -picture of high quality produced. Everything, in fact, was superior -at a time when the resources of art were so much fewer -than they now are. Yes, so it is; and the reason is, as we -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_246">246</a></span>have already stated,<a id="FNanchor_1939_1939"></a><a href="#Footnote_1939_1939" class="fnanchor">1939</a> that it is the material, and not the efforts -of genius, that is now the object of research.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_33"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 33.—AT WHAT TIME COMBATS OF GLADIATORS WERE FIRST -PAINTED AND PUBLICLY EXHIBITED.</span></h3></div> - -<p>One folly, too, of this age of ours, in reference to painting, I -must not omit. The Emperor Nero ordered a painting of himself -to be executed upon canvass, of colossal proportions, one -hundred and twenty feet in height; a thing till then unknown.<a id="FNanchor_1940_1940"></a><a href="#Footnote_1940_1940" class="fnanchor">1940</a> -This picture was just completed when it was burnt -by lightning, with the greater part of the gardens of Maius, -in which it was exhibited.</p> - -<p>A freedman of the same prince, on the occasion of his exhibiting -a show of gladiators at Antium, had the public porticos -hung, as everybody knows, with paintings, in which -were represented genuine portraits of the gladiators and all -the other assistants. Indeed, at this place, there has been a -very prevailing taste for paintings for many ages past. C. -Terentius Lucanus was the first who had combats of gladiators -painted for public exhibition: in honour of his grandfather, -who had adopted him, he provided thirty pairs of gladiators -in the Forum, for three consecutive days, and exhibited a -painting of their combats in the Grove of Diana.<a id="FNanchor_1941_1941"></a><a href="#Footnote_1941_1941" class="fnanchor">1941</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_34"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 34. (8.)—THE AGE OF PAINTING; WITH THE NAMES OF -THE MORE CELEBRATED WORKS AND ARTISTS, FOUR HUNDRED -AND FIVE IN NUMBER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>I shall now proceed to enumerate, as briefly as possible, the -more eminent among the painters; it not being consistent with -the plan of this work to go into any great lengths of detail. -It must suffice therefore, in some cases, to name the artist in a -cursory manner only, and with reference to the account given of -others; with the exception, of course, of the more famous productions -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_247">247</a></span>of the pictorial art, whether still in existence or -now lost, all of which it will be only right to take some notice -of. In this department, the ordinary exactness of the Greeks -has been somewhat inconsistent, in placing the painters so -many Olympiads after the statuaries and toreutic<a id="FNanchor_1942_1942"></a><a href="#Footnote_1942_1942" class="fnanchor">1942</a> artists, and -the very first of them so late as the ninetieth Olympiad; seeing -that Phidias himself is said to have been originally a painter, -and that there was a shield at Athens which had been painted -by him; in addition to which, it is universally agreed that in -the eighty-third Olympiad, his brother Panænus<a id="FNanchor_1943_1943"></a><a href="#Footnote_1943_1943" class="fnanchor">1943</a> painted, at -Elis,<a id="FNanchor_1944_1944"></a><a href="#Footnote_1944_1944" class="fnanchor">1944</a> the interior of the shield of Minerva, which had been -executed by Colotes,<a id="FNanchor_1945_1945"></a><a href="#Footnote_1945_1945" class="fnanchor">1945</a> a disciple of Phidias and his assistant -in the statue of the Olympian Jupiter.<a id="FNanchor_1946_1946"></a><a href="#Footnote_1946_1946" class="fnanchor">1946</a> And then besides, is it -not equally admitted that Candaules, the last Lydian king of the -race of the Heraclidæ, very generally known also by the name -of Myrsilus, paid its weight in gold for a picture by the painter -Bularchus,<a id="FNanchor_1947_1947"></a><a href="#Footnote_1947_1947" class="fnanchor">1947</a> which represented the battle fought by him with -the Magnetes? so great was the estimation in which the art -was already held. This circumstance must of necessity have -happened about the period of our Romulus; for it was in the -eighteenth Olympiad that Candaules perished, or, as some -writers say, in the same year as the death of Romulus: a thing -which clearly demonstrates that even at that early period the -art had already become famous, and had arrived at a state of -great perfection.</p> - -<p>If, then, we are bound to admit this conclusion, it must be -equally evident that the commencement of the art is of much -earlier date, and that those artists who painted in monochrome,<a id="FNanchor_1948_1948"></a><a href="#Footnote_1948_1948" class="fnanchor">1948</a> -and whose dates have not been handed down to us, -must have flourished at even an anterior period; Hygiænon, -namely, Dinias, Charmadas,<a id="FNanchor_1949_1949"></a><a href="#Footnote_1949_1949" class="fnanchor">1949</a> Eumarus, of Athens, the first who -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_248">248</a></span>distinguished the sexes<a id="FNanchor_1950_1950"></a><a href="#Footnote_1950_1950" class="fnanchor">1950</a> in painting, and attempted to imitate -every kind of figure; and Cimon<a id="FNanchor_1951_1951"></a><a href="#Footnote_1951_1951" class="fnanchor">1951</a> of Cleonæ, who improved -upon the inventions of Eumarus.</p> - -<p>It was this Cimon, too, who first invented foreshortenings,<a id="FNanchor_1952_1952"></a><a href="#Footnote_1952_1952" class="fnanchor">1952</a> -or in other words, oblique views of the figure, and who first -learned to vary the features by representing them in the -various attitudes of looking backwards, upwards, or downwards. -It was he, too, who first marked the articulations of -the limbs, indicated the veins, and gave the natural folds and -sinuosities to drapery. Panænus, too, the brother of Phidias, -even executed a painting<a id="FNanchor_1953_1953"></a><a href="#Footnote_1953_1953" class="fnanchor">1953</a> of the battle fought by the Athenians -with the Persians at Marathon: so common, indeed, had -the employment of colours become, and to such a state of perfection -had the art arrived, that he was able to represent, it is -said, the portraits of the various generals who commanded at -that battle, Miltiades, Callimachus, and Cynægirus, on the -side of the Athenians, and, on that of the barbarians, Datis -and Artaphernes.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_35"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 35. (9.)—THE FIRST CONTEST FOR EXCELLENCE IN THE -PICTORIAL ART.</span></h3></div> - -<p>And not only this, but, during the time that Panænus -flourished, there were contests in the pictorial art instituted -at Corinth and Delphi. On the first occasion, Panænus himself -entered the lists, at the Pythian Games, with Timagoras -of Chalcis, by whom he was defeated; a circumstance which -is recorded in some ancient lines by Timagoras himself, and -an undoubted proof that the chroniclers are in error as to -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_249">249</a></span>the date of the origin of painting. After these, and yet -before the ninetieth Olympiad, there were other celebrated -painters, Polygnotus of Thasos,<a id="FNanchor_1954_1954"></a><a href="#Footnote_1954_1954" class="fnanchor">1954</a> for instance, who was the -first to paint females in transparent drapery, and to represent -the head covered with a parti-coloured head-dress. He, too, -was the first to contribute many other improvements to the -art of painting, opening the mouth, for example, showing the -teeth, and throwing expression into the countenance, in place -of the ancient rigidity of the features.</p> - -<p>There is a picture by this artist in the Portico<a id="FNanchor_1955_1955"></a><a href="#Footnote_1955_1955" class="fnanchor">1955</a> of Pompeius, -before the Curia that was built by him; with reference to -which, there is some doubt whether the man represented with -a shield is in the act of ascending or descending. He also -embellished the Temple<a id="FNanchor_1956_1956"></a><a href="#Footnote_1956_1956" class="fnanchor">1956</a> at Delphi, and at Athens the Portico -known as the Pœcile;<a id="FNanchor_1957_1957"></a><a href="#Footnote_1957_1957" class="fnanchor">1957</a> at which last he worked gratuitously, -in conjunction with Micon,<a id="FNanchor_1958_1958"></a><a href="#Footnote_1958_1958" class="fnanchor">1958</a> who received pay for his labours. -Indeed Polygnotus was held in the higher esteem of the two; -for the Amphictyons,<a id="FNanchor_1959_1959"></a><a href="#Footnote_1959_1959" class="fnanchor">1959</a> who form the general Council of Greece, -decreed that he should have his lodging furnished him at the -public expense.</p> - -<p>There was also another Micon, distinguished from the first -Micon by the surname of “the younger,” and whose daughter -Timarete<a id="FNanchor_1960_1960"></a><a href="#Footnote_1960_1960" class="fnanchor">1960</a> also practised the art of painting.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 36.—ARTISTS WHO PAINTED WITH THE PENCIL.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the ninetieth Olympiad lived Aglaophon,<a id="FNanchor_1961_1961"></a><a href="#Footnote_1961_1961" class="fnanchor">1961</a> Cephisodorus, -Erillus, and Evenor, the father of Parrhasius, one of the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_250">250</a></span>greatest of painters, and of whom we shall have to speak -when we come to the period at which he flourished. All -these were artists of note, but not sufficiently so to detain us -by any further details, in our haste to arrive at the luminaries -of the art; first among whom shone Apollodorus of Athens, -in the ninety-third Olympiad. He was the first to paint -objects as they really appeared; the first too, we may justly -say, to confer glory<a id="FNanchor_1962_1962"></a><a href="#Footnote_1962_1962" class="fnanchor">1962</a> by the aid of the pencil.<a id="FNanchor_1963_1963"></a><a href="#Footnote_1963_1963" class="fnanchor">1963</a> Of this artist -there is a Priest in Adoration, and an Ajax struck by Lightning, -a work to be seen at Pergamus at the present day: -before him, there is no painting of any artist now to be seen -which has the power of rivetting the eye.</p> - -<p>The gates of art being now thrown open by Apollodorus, -Zeuxis of Heraclea<a id="FNanchor_1964_1964"></a><a href="#Footnote_1964_1964" class="fnanchor">1964</a> entered upon the scene, in the fourth year -of the ninety-fifth Olympiad, destined to lead the pencil—for -it is of the pencil that we are still speaking—a pencil for -which there was nothing too arduous, to a very high pitch of -glory. By some writers he is erroneously placed in the -eighty-ninth Olympiad, a date that must of necessity be reserved -for Demophilus of Himera and Neseus of Thasos, of -one of whom, it is uncertain which, Zeuxis was the pupil. -It was in reference to him that Apollodorus, above-mentioned, -wrote a verse to the effect, that Zeuxis had stolen the art -from others and had taken it all to himself.<a id="FNanchor_1965_1965"></a><a href="#Footnote_1965_1965" class="fnanchor">1965</a> Zeuxis also -acquired such a vast amount of wealth, that, in a spirit of -ostentation, he went so far as to parade himself at Olympia -with his name embroidered on the checked pattern of his -garments in letters of gold. At a later period, he came to the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_251">251</a></span>determination to give away his works, there being no price -high enough to pay for them, he said. Thus, for instance, -he gave an Alcmena to the people of Agrigentum, and a Pan -to Archelaüs.<a id="FNanchor_1966_1966"></a><a href="#Footnote_1966_1966" class="fnanchor">1966</a> He also painted a Penelope, in which the -peculiar character of that matron appears to be delineated to -the very life; and a figure of an athlete, with which he was -so highly pleased, that he wrote beneath it the line which has -since become so famous, to the effect that it would be easier -to find fault with him than to imitate him.<a id="FNanchor_1967_1967"></a><a href="#Footnote_1967_1967" class="fnanchor">1967</a> His Jupiter -seated on the throne, with the other Deities standing around -him, is a magnificent production: the same, too, with his -Infant Hercules strangling the Dragons, in presence of Amphitryon -and his mother Alcmena, who is struck with horror. -Still, however, Zeuxis is generally censured for making the -heads and articulations of his figures out of proportion. And -yet, so scrupulously careful was he, that on one occasion, when -he was about to execute a painting for the people of Agrigentum,<a id="FNanchor_1968_1968"></a><a href="#Footnote_1968_1968" class="fnanchor">1968</a> -to be consecrated in the Temple of the Lacinian -Juno there, he had the young maidens of the place stripped -for examination, and selected five of them, in order to adopt -in his picture the most commendable points in the form of -each. He also painted some monochromes in white.<a id="FNanchor_1969_1969"></a><a href="#Footnote_1969_1969" class="fnanchor">1969</a></p> - -<p>The contemporaries and rivals of Zeuxis were Timanthes, -Androcydes, Eupompus, and Parrhasius. (10.) This last, it -is said, entered into a pictorial contest with Zeuxis, who -represented some grapes, painted so naturally that the birds -flew towards the spot where the picture was exhibited. -Parrhasius, on the other hand, exhibited a curtain, drawn with -such singular truthfulness, that Zeuxis, elated with the -judgment which had been passed upon his work by the birds, -haughtily demanded that the curtain should be drawn aside to -let the picture be seen. Upon finding his mistake, with a great -degree of ingenuous candour he admitted that he had been -surpassed, for that whereas he himself had only deceived the -birds, Parrhasius had deceived him, an artist.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_252">252</a></span></p> - -<p>There is a story, too, that at a later period, Zeuxis having -painted a child carrying grapes, the birds came to peck at them; -upon which, with a similar degree of candour, he expressed -himself vexed with his work, and exclaimed—“I have surely -painted the grapes better than the child, for if I had fully -succeeded in the last, the birds would have been in fear of -it.” Zeuxis executed some figures also in clay,<a id="FNanchor_1970_1970"></a><a href="#Footnote_1970_1970" class="fnanchor">1970</a> the only -works of art that were left behind at Ambracia, when Fulvius -Nobilior<a id="FNanchor_1971_1971"></a><a href="#Footnote_1971_1971" class="fnanchor">1971</a> transported the Muses from that city to Rome. There -is at Rome a Helena by Zeuxis, in the Porticos of Philippus,<a id="FNanchor_1972_1972"></a><a href="#Footnote_1972_1972" class="fnanchor">1972</a> -and a Marsyas Bound, in the Temple of Concord<a id="FNanchor_1973_1973"></a><a href="#Footnote_1973_1973" class="fnanchor">1973</a> there.</p> - -<p>Parrhasius of Ephesus also contributed greatly to the progress -of painting, being the first to give symmetry to his -figures, the first to give play and expression to the features, -elegance to the hair, and gracefulness to the mouth: indeed, -for contour, it is universally admitted by artists that he bore -away the palm. This, in painting, is the very highest point -of skill. To paint substantial bodies and the interior of -objects is a great thing, no doubt, but at the same time it is a -point in which many have excelled: but to make the extreme -outline of the figure, to give the finishing touches to the -painting in rounding off the contour, this is a point of success -in the art which is but rarely attained. For the extreme -outline, to be properly executed, requires to be nicely rounded, -and so to terminate as to prove the existence of something -more behind it, and thereby disclose that which it also serves -to hide.</p> - -<p>Such is the merit conceded to Parrhasius by Antigonus<a id="FNanchor_1974_1974"></a><a href="#Footnote_1974_1974" class="fnanchor">1974</a> -and Xenocrates,<a id="FNanchor_1975_1975"></a><a href="#Footnote_1975_1975" class="fnanchor">1975</a> who have written on the art of painting; -and in this as well as in other points, not only do they admit -his excellence, but enlarge upon it in terms of the highest -commendation. There are many pen sketches by him still in -existence, both upon panel and on parchment, from the study -of which, even artists, it is said, may greatly profit.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding these points of excellence, however, Parrhasius -seems comparatively inferior to himself in giving the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_253">253</a></span>proper expression to the middle of the body. In his allegorical -picture of the People of Athens, he has displayed -singular ingenuity in the treatment of his subject; for in -representing it, he had to depict it as at once fickle, choleric, -unjust, and versatile; while, again, he had equally to show its -attributes of implacability<a id="FNanchor_1976_1976"></a><a href="#Footnote_1976_1976" class="fnanchor">1976</a> and clemency, compassionateness -and pride, loftiness and humility, fierceness and timidity—and -all these at once. He painted a Theseus also, which was -formerly in the Capitol at Rome, a Naval Commander<a id="FNanchor_1977_1977"></a><a href="#Footnote_1977_1977" class="fnanchor">1977</a> wearing -a cuirass, and, in one picture, now at Rhodes, figures of -Meleager, Hercules, and Perseus. This last painting, though -it has been thrice struck by lightning, has escaped being -effaced, a circumstance which tends to augment the admiration -which it naturally excites. He painted an Archigallus<a id="FNanchor_1978_1978"></a><a href="#Footnote_1978_1978" class="fnanchor">1978</a> -also, a picture which the Emperor Tiberius greatly -admired. According to Deculo,<a id="FNanchor_1979_1979"></a><a href="#Footnote_1979_1979" class="fnanchor">1979</a> that prince had it shut up in -his chamber, the price at which it was valued being six -hundred thousand sesterces.</p> - -<p>Parrhasius also painted a Thracian Nurse, with an Infant -in her arms, a Philiscus,<a id="FNanchor_1980_1980"></a><a href="#Footnote_1980_1980" class="fnanchor">1980</a> a Father Liber<a id="FNanchor_1981_1981"></a><a href="#Footnote_1981_1981" class="fnanchor">1981</a> attended by Virtue, -Two Children, in which we see pourtrayed the careless simplicity -of childhood, and a Priest attended by a Boy, with a -censer and chaplet. There are also two most noble pictures -by him; one of which represents a Runner<a id="FNanchor_1982_1982"></a><a href="#Footnote_1982_1982" class="fnanchor">1982</a> contending for the -prize, completely armed, so naturally depicted that he has all -the appearance of sweating. In the other we see the Runner -taking off his armour, and can fancy that we hear him panting -aloud for breath. His Æneas, Castor, and Pollux, all represented -in the same picture, are highly praised; his Telephus also, -and his Achilles, Agamemnon, and Ulysses.</p> - -<p>Parrhasius was a most prolific artist, but at the same time -there was no one who enjoyed the glory conferred upon him by -his talent with greater insolence and arrogance. It was in this -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_254">254</a></span>spirit, that he went so far as to assume certain surnames, and -to call himself “Habrodiætus;”<a id="FNanchor_1983_1983"></a><a href="#Footnote_1983_1983" class="fnanchor">1983</a> while in some other verses -he declared himself to be the “prince of painters,” and asserted -that in him the art had arrived at perfection. But above all -things, it was a boast with him that he had sprung from the -lineage of Apollo, and that he had painted his Hercules, a -picture now at Lindos, just as he had often seen him in his -sleep. It was in this spirit, too, that upon being defeated by -Timanthes, at Samos, by a great majority of votes, the subject -of the picture being Ajax and the Award of the Arms,<a id="FNanchor_1984_1984"></a><a href="#Footnote_1984_1984" class="fnanchor">1984</a> he -declared, in the name of his hero, that he felt himself quite -disgraced on thus seeing himself a second time defeated by an -unworthy opponent. He painted also some smaller pictures of -an immodest nature, indulging his leisure in such prurient -fancies as these.<a id="FNanchor_1985_1985"></a><a href="#Footnote_1985_1985" class="fnanchor">1985</a></p> - -<p>As to Timanthes,<a id="FNanchor_1986_1986"></a><a href="#Footnote_1986_1986" class="fnanchor">1986</a> he was an artist highly gifted with -genius, and loud have some of the orators<a id="FNanchor_1987_1987"></a><a href="#Footnote_1987_1987" class="fnanchor">1987</a> been in their commendations -of his Iphigenia, represented as she stands at the -altar awaiting her doom. Upon the countenance of all present, -that of her uncle<a id="FNanchor_1988_1988"></a><a href="#Footnote_1988_1988" class="fnanchor">1988</a> in particular, grief was depicted; but -having already exhausted all the characteristic features of -sorrow, the artist adopted the device of veiling the features -of the victim’s father,<a id="FNanchor_1989_1989"></a><a href="#Footnote_1989_1989" class="fnanchor">1989</a> finding himself unable adequately to -give expression to his feelings. There are also some other -proofs of his genius, a Sleeping Cyclops, for instance, which he -has painted upon a small panel; but, being desirous to convey an -idea of his gigantic stature, he has painted some Satyrs near -him measuring his thumb with a thyrsus. Indeed, Timanthes -is the only one among the artists in whose works there is -always something more implied by the pencil than is expressed, -and whose execution, though of the very highest quality, is -always surpassed by the inventiveness of his genius. He has -also painted the figure of a Hero, a master-piece of skill, in -which he has carried the art to the very highest pitch of perfection, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_255">255</a></span>in the delineation of the warrior: this last-mentioned -work is now at Rome, in the Temple of Pence.<a id="FNanchor_1990_1990"></a><a href="#Footnote_1990_1990" class="fnanchor">1990</a></p> - -<p>It was at this period, too, that Euxinidas had for his pupil -Aristides,<a id="FNanchor_1991_1991"></a><a href="#Footnote_1991_1991" class="fnanchor">1991</a> who became a most illustrious artist; and that -Eupompus instructed Pamphilus, who afterwards became the -instructor of Apelles. There is by Eupompus, a Victor in a -gymnastic contest, holding a palm. So high was the reputation -of this artist, that he established a school of painting, and -so divided the art into three styles; whereas till then there had -been but two, known respectively as the Helladic<a id="FNanchor_1992_1992"></a><a href="#Footnote_1992_1992" class="fnanchor">1992</a> and the -Asiatic. In honour of him, a native of Sicyon by birth, the -Helladic school was divided into two, and from this period -there were three distinct styles recognized, the Ionic, the -Sicyonian, and the Attic.</p> - -<p>We have, by Pamphilus,<a id="FNanchor_1993_1993"></a><a href="#Footnote_1993_1993" class="fnanchor">1993</a> a picture representing the Alliance -and the Battle that was fought at Phlius;<a id="FNanchor_1994_1994"></a><a href="#Footnote_1994_1994" class="fnanchor">1994</a> the Victory<a id="FNanchor_1995_1995"></a><a href="#Footnote_1995_1995" class="fnanchor">1995</a> also -that was gained by the Athenians, and a representation of -Ulysses in his ship. He was a Macedonian by birth, but was -the first painter who was also skilled in all the other sciences, -arithmetic and geometry more particularly, without the aid of -which he maintained that the pictorial art could not attain -perfection. He gave instruction to no one for a smaller sum -than one talent, at the rate of five hundred denarii per -annum,<a id="FNanchor_1996_1996"></a><a href="#Footnote_1996_1996" class="fnanchor">1996</a> and this fee both Apelles and Melanthius paid. It -was through his influence that, first at Sicyon, and then -throughout the whole of Greece, all children of free birth were -taught the graphic<a id="FNanchor_1997_1997"></a><a href="#Footnote_1997_1997" class="fnanchor">1997</a> art, or in other words, the art of depicting -upon boxwood, before all others; in consequence of which this -came to be looked upon as the first step in the liberal arts. It -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_256">256</a></span>is the fact, however, that this art has always been held in high -estimation, and cultivated by persons of free birth, and that, at a -more recent period, men of rank even began to pursue it; it -having always been forbidden that slaves should receive instruction -in it. Hence it is, that neither in painting nor in the -toreutic<a id="FNanchor_1998_1998"></a><a href="#Footnote_1998_1998" class="fnanchor">1998</a> art has there been any celebrated work executed by -a slave.</p> - -<p>In the hundred and seventh Olympiad, flourished Aëtion and -Therimachus.<a id="FNanchor_1999_1999"></a><a href="#Footnote_1999_1999" class="fnanchor">1999</a> By the former we have some fine pictures; a -Father Liber,<a id="FNanchor_2000_2000"></a><a href="#Footnote_2000_2000" class="fnanchor">2000</a> Tragedy and Comedy, Semiramis from the rank -of a slave elevated to the throne, an Old Woman bearing -torches, and a New-made Bride, remarkable for the air of -modesty with which she is pourtrayed.</p> - -<p>But it was Apelles<a id="FNanchor_2001_2001"></a><a href="#Footnote_2001_2001" class="fnanchor">2001</a> of Cos, in the hundred and twelfth -Olympiad, who surpassed all the other painters who either -preceded or succeeded him. Single-handed, he contributed -more to painting than all the others together, and even went -so far as to publish some treatises on the principles of the art. -The great point of artistic merit with him was his singular charm -of gracefulness,<a id="FNanchor_2002_2002"></a><a href="#Footnote_2002_2002" class="fnanchor">2002</a> and this too, though the greatest of painters -were his contemporaries. In admiring their works and bestowing -high eulogiums upon them, he used to say that there -was still wanting in them that ideal of beauty<a id="FNanchor_2003_2003"></a><a href="#Footnote_2003_2003" class="fnanchor">2003</a> so peculiar to -himself, and known to the Greeks as “Charis;”<a id="FNanchor_2004_2004"></a><a href="#Footnote_2004_2004" class="fnanchor">2004</a> others, he said, -had acquired all the other requisites of perfection, but in this one -point he himself had no equal. He also asserted his claim to -another great point of merit: admiring a picture by Protogenes, -which bore evident marks of unbounded laboriousness and the -most minute finish, he remarked that in every respect Protogenes -was fully his equal, or perhaps his superior, except in -this, that he himself knew when to take his hand off a -picture—a memorable lesson, which teaches us that overcarefulness -may be productive of bad results. His candour -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_257">257</a></span>too, was equal to his talent; he acknowledged the superiority -of Melanthius in his grouping, and of Asclepiodorus in the -niceness of his measurements, or, in other words, the distances -that ought to be left between the objects represented.</p> - -<p>A circumstance that happened to him in connection with -Protogenes is worthy of notice. The latter was living at Rhodes, -when Apelles disembarked there, desirous of seeing the works -of a man whom he had hitherto only known by reputation. -Accordingly, he repaired at once to the studio; Protogenes -was not at home, but there happened to be a large panel -upon the easel ready for painting, with an old woman who -was left in charge. To his enquiries she made answer, that -Protogenes was not at home, and then asked whom she -should name as the visitor. “Here he is,” was the reply of -Apelles, and seizing a brush, he traced with colour upon the -panel an outline of a singularly minute fineness. Upon his -return, the old woman mentioned to Protogenes what had -happened. The artist, it is said, upon remarking the delicacy -of the touch, instantly exclaimed that Apelles must have been -the visitor, for that no other person was capable of executing -anything so exquisitely perfect. So saying, he traced within -the same outline a still finer outline, but with another colour, -and then took his departure, with instructions to the woman -to show it to the stranger, if he returned, and to let him know -that this was the person whom he had come to see. It happened -as he anticipated; Apelles returned, and vexed at finding -himself thus surpassed, he took up another colour and split<a id="FNanchor_2005_2005"></a><a href="#Footnote_2005_2005" class="fnanchor">2005</a> -both of the outlines, leaving no possibility of anything finer being -executed. Upon seeing this, Protogenes admitted that he was -defeated, and at once flew to the harbour to look for his guest. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_258">258</a></span>He thought proper, too, to transmit the panel to posterity, just -as it was, and it always continued to be held in the highest -admiration by all, artists in particular. I am told that it was -burnt in the first fire which took place at Cæsar’s palace on -the Palatine Hill; but in former times I have often stopped -to admire it. Upon its vast surface it contained nothing -whatever except the three outlines, so remarkably fine as to -escape the sight: among the most elaborate works of numerous -other artists it had all the appearance of a blank space; and -yet by that very fact it attracted the notice of every one, and -was held in higher estimation than any other painting there.</p> - -<p>It was a custom with Apelles, to which he most tenaciously -adhered, never to let any day pass, however busy he might be, -without exercising himself by tracing some outline or other; a -practice which has now passed into a proverb.<a id="FNanchor_2006_2006"></a><a href="#Footnote_2006_2006" class="fnanchor">2006</a> It was also -a practice with him, when he had completed a work, to exhibit -it to the view of the passers-by in some exposed place;<a id="FNanchor_2007_2007"></a><a href="#Footnote_2007_2007" class="fnanchor">2007</a> while -he himself, concealed behind the picture, would listen to the -criticisms that were passed upon it; it being his opinion that -the judgment of the public was preferable to his own, as being -the more discerning of the two. It was under these circumstances, -they say, that he was censured by a shoemaker for -having represented the shoes with one shoe-string too little. -The next day, the shoemaker, quite proud at seeing the former -error corrected, thanks to his advice, began to criticize the -leg; upon which Apelles, full of indignation, popped his head -out, and reminded him that a shoemaker should give no opinion -beyond the shoes, a piece of advice which has equally passed into -a proverbial saying.<a id="FNanchor_2008_2008"></a><a href="#Footnote_2008_2008" class="fnanchor">2008</a> In fact, Apelles was a person of great -amenity of manners, a circumstance which rendered him particularly -agreeable to Alexander the Great, who would often -come to his studio. He had forbidden himself, by public edict, -as already stated,<a id="FNanchor_2009_2009"></a><a href="#Footnote_2009_2009" class="fnanchor">2009</a> to be represented by any other artist. On -one occasion, however, when the prince was in his studio, -talking a great deal about painting without knowing anything -about it, Apelles quietly begged that he would quit the subject, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_259">259</a></span>telling him that he would get laughed at by the boys who -were there grinding the colours: so great was the influence -which he rightfully possessed over a monarch, who was otherwise -of an irascible temperament. And yet, irascible as he was, -Alexander conferred upon him a very signal mark of the high -estimation in which he held him; for having, in his admiration -of her extraordinary beauty, engaged Apelles to paint -Pancaste undraped,<a id="FNanchor_2010_2010"></a><a href="#Footnote_2010_2010" class="fnanchor">2010</a> the most beloved of all his concubines, -the artist while so engaged, fell in love with her; upon which, -Alexander, perceiving this to be the case, made him a present -of her, thus showing himself, though a great king in courage, -a still greater one in self-command, this action redounding no -less to his honour than any of his victories. For in thus conquering -himself, not only did he sacrifice his passions in -favour of the artist, but even his affections as well; uninfluenced, -too, by the feelings which must have possessed his favourite -in thus passing at once from the arms of a monarch to -those of a painter. Some persons are of opinion that Pancaste -was the model of Apelles in his painting of Venus Anadyomene.<a id="FNanchor_2011_2011"></a><a href="#Footnote_2011_2011" class="fnanchor">2011</a></p> - -<p>It was Apelles too, who, courteous even to his rivals, first -established the reputation of Protogenes at Rhodes. Held as -he was in little estimation by his own fellow-countrymen, -a thing that generally<a id="FNanchor_2012_2012"></a><a href="#Footnote_2012_2012" class="fnanchor">2012</a> is the case, Apelles enquired of him -what price he set upon certain finished works of his, which -he had on hand. Upon Protogenes mentioning some very -trifling sum or other, Apelles made him an offer of fifty talents, -and then circulated a report that he was buying these works -in order to sell them as his own. By this contrivance, he -aroused the Rhodians to a better appreciation of the merits -of their artist, and only consented to leave the pictures with -them upon their offering a still larger price.</p> - -<p>He painted portraits, too, so exactly to the life, that a fact -with which we are made acquainted by the writings of Apion -the grammarian seems altogether incredible. One of those -persons, he says, who divine events by the traits of the features, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_260">260</a></span>and are known as “metoposcopi,”<a id="FNanchor_2013_2013"></a><a href="#Footnote_2013_2013" class="fnanchor">2013</a> was enabled, by an -examination of his portraits, to tell the year of their death, -whether past or future, of each person represented. Apelles -had been on bad terms with Ptolemæus in former times, when -they formed part of the suite of Alexander. After Ptolemæus -had become king of Egypt, it so happened that Apelles was -driven by the violence of a tempest to Alexandria. Upon this, -some of his rivals fraudulently suborned a jester, who was attached -to the court, to carry him an invitation to dine with the -king. Accordingly, Apelles attended; upon which Ptolemæus -was highly indignant, and, summoning before him his stewards<a id="FNanchor_2014_2014"></a><a href="#Footnote_2014_2014" class="fnanchor">2014</a> -of the household, requested that the artist would point out the -one that had given him the invitation. Thus challenged, -Apelles seized a piece of quenched charcoal that lay in the -fire-place, and traced a likeness upon the wall, with such exactness, -that the king, the moment he began it, recognized the -features as those of the jester. He also painted a portrait of -King Antigonus;<a id="FNanchor_2015_2015"></a><a href="#Footnote_2015_2015" class="fnanchor">2015</a> and as that monarch was blind of one eye, he -invented a method of concealing the defect. With this object, -he painted him in profile, in order that what in reality was -wanting to the person might have the semblance of being -wanting to the picture rather, he making it his care to show -that side of the face only which he could show without any -defect. Among his works, too, there are some figures representing -persons at the point of death; but it is not easy to say -which of his productions are of the highest order of excellence.</p> - -<p>His Venus Rising from the Sea, known as the Venus Anadyomene,<a id="FNanchor_2016_2016"></a><a href="#Footnote_2016_2016" class="fnanchor">2016</a> -was consecrated by the late Emperor Augustus in the -Temple<a id="FNanchor_2017_2017"></a><a href="#Footnote_2017_2017" class="fnanchor">2017</a> of his father<a id="FNanchor_2018_2018"></a><a href="#Footnote_2018_2018" class="fnanchor">2018</a> Cæsar; a work which has been celebrated -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_261">261</a></span>in certain Greek lines,<a id="FNanchor_2019_2019"></a><a href="#Footnote_2019_2019" class="fnanchor">2019</a> which, though they have outlived -it, have perpetuated its fame.<a id="FNanchor_2020_2020"></a><a href="#Footnote_2020_2020" class="fnanchor">2020</a> The lower part of the -picture having become damaged, no one could be found to -repair it; and thus did the very injury which the picture had -sustained, redound to the glory of the artist. Time, however, -and damp at last effaced the painting, and Nero, in his reign, -had it replaced by a copy, painted by the hand of Dorotheus.<a id="FNanchor_2021_2021"></a><a href="#Footnote_2021_2021" class="fnanchor">2021</a> -Apelles also commenced another Venus for the people of Cos,<a id="FNanchor_2022_2022"></a><a href="#Footnote_2022_2022" class="fnanchor">2022</a> -which would have outshone even the former one; but death -invidiously prevented its completion, nor could any one be -found to complete the work in conformity with the sketches of -the outline. He painted also, in the Temple of Diana at -Ephesus, Alexander the Great wielding the Thunderbolts, a -picture for which he received twenty talents of gold. The -fingers have all the appearance of projecting from the surface, -and the lightning seems to be darting from the picture. -And then, too, let the reader bear in mind that all these works -were executed by the aid of four<a id="FNanchor_2023_2023"></a><a href="#Footnote_2023_2023" class="fnanchor">2023</a> colours only. The price -paid in golden coin for this picture was ascertained by weight,<a id="FNanchor_2024_2024"></a><a href="#Footnote_2024_2024" class="fnanchor">2024</a> -there being no specific sum agreed upon.</p> - -<p>He also painted a Procession of the Megabyzus,<a id="FNanchor_2025_2025"></a><a href="#Footnote_2025_2025" class="fnanchor">2025</a> the priest -of Diana at Ephesus; and a Clitus<a id="FNanchor_2026_2026"></a><a href="#Footnote_2026_2026" class="fnanchor">2026</a> on Horseback, hastening -to the combat, his Armour-bearer handing him his helmet -at his command. How many times he painted Alexander and -Philip, it would be quite superfluous to attempt to enumerate. -At Samos, there is a Habron<a id="FNanchor_2027_2027"></a><a href="#Footnote_2027_2027" class="fnanchor">2027</a> by him, that is greatly admired; -at Rhodes a Menander,<a id="FNanchor_2028_2028"></a><a href="#Footnote_2028_2028" class="fnanchor">2028</a> king of Caria, and an Ancæus;<a id="FNanchor_2029_2029"></a><a href="#Footnote_2029_2029" class="fnanchor">2029</a> at -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_262">262</a></span>Alexandria, a Gorgosthenes, the Tragedian; and at Rome, a Castor -and Pollux, with figures of Victory and Alexander the Great, -and an emblematical figure of War with her hands tied behind -her, and Alexander seated in a triumphal car; both of -which pictures the late Emperor Augustus, with a great degree -of moderation<a id="FNanchor_2030_2030"></a><a href="#Footnote_2030_2030" class="fnanchor">2030</a> and good taste, consecrated in the most frequented -parts of his Forum: the Emperor Claudius, however, -thought it advisable to efface the head of Alexander in both -pictures, and substitute likenesses of his predecessor Augustus. -It is by his hand too, it is generally supposed, that the Hercules, -with the face averted, now in the Temple of Anna,<a id="FNanchor_2031_2031"></a><a href="#Footnote_2031_2031" class="fnanchor">2031</a> was -painted; a picture in which, one of the greatest difficulties in -the art, the face, though hidden, may be said to be seen rather -than left to the imagination. He also painted a figure of a -naked<a id="FNanchor_2032_2032"></a><a href="#Footnote_2032_2032" class="fnanchor">2032</a> Hero,<a id="FNanchor_2033_2033"></a><a href="#Footnote_2033_2033" class="fnanchor">2033</a> a picture in which he has challenged Nature -herself.</p> - -<p>There exists too, or did exist, a Horse that was painted by -him for a pictorial contest; as to the merits of which, Apelles -appealed from the judgment of his fellow-men to that of the -dumb quadrupeds. For, finding that by their intrigues his -rivals were likely to get the better of him, he had some horses -brought, and the picture of each artist successively shown to -them. Accordingly, it was only at the sight of the horse -painted by Apelles that they began to neigh; a thing that has -always been the case since, whenever this test of his artistic -skill has been employed. He also painted a Neoptolemus<a id="FNanchor_2034_2034"></a><a href="#Footnote_2034_2034" class="fnanchor">2034</a> on -horse-back, fighting with the Persians; an Archeläus,<a id="FNanchor_2035_2035"></a><a href="#Footnote_2035_2035" class="fnanchor">2035</a> with -his Wife and Daughter; and an Antigonus on foot, with a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_263">263</a></span>cuirass on, and his horse led by his side. Connoisseurs in the -art give the preference, before all other works of his, to his -paintings of King Archeläus on horseback, and of Diana -in the midst of a throng of Virgins performing a sacrifice; -a work in which he would appear to have surpassed -the lines<a id="FNanchor_2036_2036"></a><a href="#Footnote_2036_2036" class="fnanchor">2036</a> of Homer descriptive of the same subject. He -also portrayed some things, which in reality do not admit -of being portrayed—thunder, lightning, and thunderbolts, in -pictures which are known by the respective names of Bronte, -Astrape, and Ceraunobolia.</p> - -<p>His inventions, too, in the art of painting, have been highly -serviceable to others; but one thing there was in which no one -could imitate him. When his works were finished, he used to -cover them with a black varnish, of such remarkable thinness, -that while by the reflection it gave more vivacity to the colours, -and preserved them from the contact of dust and dirt, its -existence could only be detected by a person when close enough -to touch it.<a id="FNanchor_2037_2037"></a><a href="#Footnote_2037_2037" class="fnanchor">2037</a> In addition to this, there was also this other -great advantage attending it: the brightness of the colours -was softened thereby, and harmonized to the sight, looking as -though they had been viewed from a distance, and through a -medium of specular-stone;<a id="FNanchor_2038_2038"></a><a href="#Footnote_2038_2038" class="fnanchor">2038</a> the contrivance, by some indescribable -means, giving a sombreness to colours which would otherwise -have been too florid.</p> - -<p>One of the contemporaries of Apelles was Aristides<a id="FNanchor_2039_2039"></a><a href="#Footnote_2039_2039" class="fnanchor">2039</a> of -Thebes; the first of all the painters to give full expression to -the mind<a id="FNanchor_2040_2040"></a><a href="#Footnote_2040_2040" class="fnanchor">2040</a> and passions of man, known to the Greeks as <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἤθη</span>, -as well as to the mental perturbations which we experience: -he was somewhat harsh, however, in his colours. There is a -picture by him of a Captured City, in which is represented an -infant crawling toward the breast of its wounded mother, who, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_264">264</a></span>though at the point of death, has all the appearance of being -aware of it, and of being in dread lest the child should suck -blood in place of milk from her exhausted breast: this picture -Alexander the Great ordered to be transferred to Pella, his -native place. Aristides also painted a Battle with the Persians, -a picture which contained one hundred figures, for each -of which he was paid at the rate of ten minæ by Mnason, the -tyrant of Elatea.<a id="FNanchor_2041_2041"></a><a href="#Footnote_2041_2041" class="fnanchor">2041</a> He also painted Chariots with four horses -in full career; a Suppliant, which almost speaks, Huntsmen -with game; Leontion, the mistress of Epicurus; the Anapauomene,<a id="FNanchor_2042_2042"></a><a href="#Footnote_2042_2042" class="fnanchor">2042</a> -a damsel pining to death from love for her brother; -a Father Liber<a id="FNanchor_2043_2043"></a><a href="#Footnote_2043_2043" class="fnanchor">2043</a> also, and an Artamene, two fine pictures now -to be seen in the Temple of Ceres<a id="FNanchor_2044_2044"></a><a href="#Footnote_2044_2044" class="fnanchor">2044</a> at Rome; a Tragedian and -a Child, in the Temple of Apollo,<a id="FNanchor_2045_2045"></a><a href="#Footnote_2045_2045" class="fnanchor">2045</a> a picture which has lost its -beauty, owing to the unskilfulness of the painter to whom M. -Junius, the prætor, entrusted the cleaning of it, about the -period of the Apollinarian Games.<a id="FNanchor_2046_2046"></a><a href="#Footnote_2046_2046" class="fnanchor">2046</a> There was also to be -seen, in the Temple of Faith, in the Capitol, a picture of his, -representing an Aged Man giving instructions to a Child on -the lyre. He executed also a painting of an Invalid, upon -which endless encomiums have been lavished. Indeed, so great -was the excellence of this artist, that King Attalus, it is said, -purchased one picture of his at the price of one hundred -talents.</p> - -<p>At the same period<a id="FNanchor_2047_2047"></a><a href="#Footnote_2047_2047" class="fnanchor">2047</a> flourished Protogenes, as already stated. -He was a native of Caunus,<a id="FNanchor_2048_2048"></a><a href="#Footnote_2048_2048" class="fnanchor">2048</a> a place held in subjection by the -Rhodians. Great poverty in his early days, and extreme -application to his art, were the causes of his comparative unproductiveness. -It is not known with certainty from whom -he received his instruction in the art: indeed some say that he -was only a ship-decorator down to his fiftieth year; a proof of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_265">265</a></span>which, it is asserted, is the fact, that in decorating the Propylæum<a id="FNanchor_2049_2049"></a><a href="#Footnote_2049_2049" class="fnanchor">2049</a> -of the Temple of Minerva, situate in one of the most -celebrated spots in Athens, where he has painted the fine picture<a id="FNanchor_2050_2050"></a><a href="#Footnote_2050_2050" class="fnanchor">2050</a> -of Paralus and Hammonias, known by some as the -Nausicaa, he has added in the side pieces of the picture, by -painters called “parerga,” several small ships of war;<a id="FNanchor_2051_2051"></a><a href="#Footnote_2051_2051" class="fnanchor">2051</a> wishing -thereby to show in what department that skill had first -manifested itself which had thus reached the citadel of Athens, -the scene of his glory. Of all his compositions, however, the -palm has been awarded to his Ialysus,<a id="FNanchor_2052_2052"></a><a href="#Footnote_2052_2052" class="fnanchor">2052</a> now at Rome, consecrated -in the Temple of Peace there. So long as he was at -work upon it, he lived, it is said, upon nothing but soaked -lupines; by which means he at once appeased both hunger and -thirst, and avoided all risk of blunting his perception by too -delicate a diet. In order to protect this picture against the effects -of ill-usage and old age, he painted it over four times,<a id="FNanchor_2053_2053"></a><a href="#Footnote_2053_2053" class="fnanchor">2053</a> so that -when an upper coat might fail, there would be an under one to -succeed it. There is in this picture the figure of a dog, -which was completed in a very remarkable manner, inasmuch -as accident had an equal share with design in the execution of -it. The painter was of opinion that he had not given the -proper expression to the foam at the mouth of the animal, -panting for breath, as it was represented; while, with all -other parts of the picture, a thing extremely difficult with him, -he was perfectly satisfied. The thing that displeased him was, -the evident traces of art in the execution of it, touches which -did not admit of any diminution, and yet had all the appearance -of being too laboured, the effect produced being far removed -from his conception of the reality: the foam, in fact, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_266">266</a></span>bore the marks of being painted, and not of being the natural -secretion of the animal’s mouth. Vexed and tormented -by this dilemma, it being his wish to depict truth itself, and -not something that only bore a semblance of truth, he effaced -it again and again, changed his pencil for another, and yet by -no possibility could satisfy himself. At last, quite out of temper -with an art, which, in spite of him, would still obtrude -itself, he dashed his sponge against the vexatious spot; when -behold! the sponge replaced the colours that it had just removed, -exactly in accordance with his utmost wishes, and thus did -chance represent Nature in a painting.</p> - -<p>Following his example, Nealces,<a id="FNanchor_2054_2054"></a><a href="#Footnote_2054_2054" class="fnanchor">2054</a> it is said, succeeded in -representing the foam at a horse’s mouth; for on one occasion, -when engaged in painting a man holding in a pair of horses -and soothing them with his voice,<a id="FNanchor_2055_2055"></a><a href="#Footnote_2055_2055" class="fnanchor">2055</a> he also dashed his sponge -against the picture, with the view of producing a like effect.</p> - -<p>It was on account of this Ialysus, which he was apprehensive -of destroying, that King Demetrius<a id="FNanchor_2056_2056"></a><a href="#Footnote_2056_2056" class="fnanchor">2056</a> forbore to set fire to -the only side of the city of Rhodes by which it was capable of -being taken; and thus, in his anxiety to spare a picture, did -he lose his only opportunity of gaining a victory. The -dwelling of Protogenes at this period was situate in a little -garden in the suburbs, or in other words, in the midst of the -camp of Demetrius. The combats that were taking place -made no difference whatever to the artist, and in no way interrupted -his proceeding with the works which he had commenced; -until at last he was summoned before the king, who -enquired how he could have the assurance thus to remain without -the walls. “Because I know,” was his answer, “that you -are waging war with the Rhodians, and not with the arts.” -Upon this, the king, delighted at having the opportunity of -protecting the hand which he had thus spared, ordered a -guard to be placed at his disposal for the especial purpose of -his protection. In order, too, that he might not distract the -artist’s attention by sending for him too often, he would often -go, an enemy albeit, to pay him a visit, and, abandoning his -aspirations for victory, in the midst of arms and the battering -down of walls, would attentively examine the compositions of the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_267">267</a></span>painter. Even to this day, the story is still attached to the -picture which he was then engaged upon, to the effect, that -Protogenes painted it beneath the sword. It is his Satyr, -known as the “Anapauomenos;”<a id="FNanchor_2057_2057"></a><a href="#Footnote_2057_2057" class="fnanchor">2057</a> in whose hand, to mark the -sense of security that he felt, the painter has placed a pair of -pipes.</p> - -<p>Protogenes executed also, a Cydippe; a Tlepolemus; a -portrait of Philiscus, the tragic poet, in an attitude of meditation; -an Athlete; a portrait of King Antigonus, and one of -the mother of Aristotle.<a id="FNanchor_2058_2058"></a><a href="#Footnote_2058_2058" class="fnanchor">2058</a> It was this philosopher too, who -advised him to paint the exploits of Alexander the Great, as -being certain to be held in everlasting remembrance. The -impulse, however, of his natural disposition, combined with a -certain artistic caprice, led him in preference to adopt the -various subjects which have just been mentioned. His last -works were representations of Alexander and the god Pan. -He also executed some figures in bronze, as already<a id="FNanchor_2059_2059"></a><a href="#Footnote_2059_2059" class="fnanchor">2059</a> stated.</p> - -<p>At the same period also, lived Asclepiodorus,<a id="FNanchor_2060_2060"></a><a href="#Footnote_2060_2060" class="fnanchor">2060</a> who was -greatly admired by Apelles for his proportions. The tyrant -Mnason<a id="FNanchor_2061_2061"></a><a href="#Footnote_2061_2061" class="fnanchor">2061</a> paid him, for his picture of the Twelve Gods, at the -rate of thirty minæ for each divinity. This same Mnason also -paid Theomnestus twenty minæ for each of his Heroes.</p> - -<p>In addition to these, it is only proper to mention Nicomachus,<a id="FNanchor_2062_2062"></a><a href="#Footnote_2062_2062" class="fnanchor">2062</a> -the son and disciple of Aristiæus. He painted a Rape of -Proserpina, a picture that was formerly in the Temple of -Minerva in the Capitol, above the shrine of Juventas.<a id="FNanchor_2063_2063"></a><a href="#Footnote_2063_2063" class="fnanchor">2063</a> Another -picture of his was to be seen also in the Capitol, placed there by -the Roman general Plancus,<a id="FNanchor_2064_2064"></a><a href="#Footnote_2064_2064" class="fnanchor">2064</a> a Victory soaring aloft in a -chariot: he was the first painter who represented Ulysses -wearing the pileus.<a id="FNanchor_2065_2065"></a><a href="#Footnote_2065_2065" class="fnanchor">2065</a> He painted also an Apollo and Diana; -the Mother<a id="FNanchor_2066_2066"></a><a href="#Footnote_2066_2066" class="fnanchor">2066</a> of the Gods seated on a Lion; the fine picture -of the Bacchantes, with Satyrs moving stealthily towards -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_268">268</a></span>them; and a Scylla, now at Rome in the Temple of Peace. -No painter ever worked with greater rapidity than Nicomachus; -indeed it is said, that on one occasion having entered -into an engagement with Aristratus,<a id="FNanchor_2067_2067"></a><a href="#Footnote_2067_2067" class="fnanchor">2067</a> the tyrant of Sicyon, to -paint within a given time the monument which he was raising -to the memory of the poet Telestis,<a id="FNanchor_2068_2068"></a><a href="#Footnote_2068_2068" class="fnanchor">2068</a> the artist only arrived a -few days before the expiration of the term; upon which, the -tyrant was so angry that he threatened to punish him: however, -in the few days that were left, Nicomachus, to the admiration -of all, completed the work, with equal promptitude -and success. Among his pupils, were his brother Ariston, his -son Aristides, and Philoxenus of Eretria, who painted for -King Cassander a picture representing one of the battles between -Alexander and Darius, a work which may bear comparison -with any. He also painted a picture in grotesque, -representing Three Sileni at their revels. Imitating the -celerity of execution displayed by his master, he introduced a -more sketchy style of painting, executed in a comparatively -off-hand manner.<a id="FNanchor_2069_2069"></a><a href="#Footnote_2069_2069" class="fnanchor">2069</a></p> - -<p>To these artists Nicophanes<a id="FNanchor_2070_2070"></a><a href="#Footnote_2070_2070" class="fnanchor">2070</a> has also been added, an elegant -and finished painter, to whom for gracefulness few can -be compared, but for a severe and tragic style far inferior to -Zeuxis or Apelles. Perseus also belongs to this period, a pupil of -Apelles, who dedicated to him his work on painting. Aristides -of Thebes had for pupils his sons Niceros and Ariston. By -the latter of these artists, there is a Satyr crowned with a -chaplet and holding a goblet: two of his pupils were Antorides -and Euphranor, of the latter of whom we shall have to -make mention again.<a id="FNanchor_2071_2071"></a><a href="#Footnote_2071_2071" class="fnanchor">2071</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_37"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 37.—VARIOUS OTHER KINDS OF PAINTING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We must now, however, make some mention of those -artists who acquired fame by the pencil in an inferior style of -painting. Among these was Piræicus, inferior to few of the -painters in skill. I am not sure that he did not do injustice to -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_269">269</a></span>himself by the choice of his subjects,<a id="FNanchor_2072_2072"></a><a href="#Footnote_2072_2072" class="fnanchor">2072</a> seeing that, although -he adopted an humble walk, he still attained in that walk the -highest reputation. His subjects were barbers’ shops, cobblers’ -stalls, jackasses, eatables, and the like, and to these he was -indebted for his epithet of “Rhyparographos.”<a id="FNanchor_2073_2073"></a><a href="#Footnote_2073_2073" class="fnanchor">2073</a> His paintings, -however, are exquisitely pleasing, and have sold at higher -prices than the very largest works of many masters.</p> - -<p>On the other hand again, as Varro tells us, a single picture -by Serapio covered the whole space of the balustrades,<a id="FNanchor_2074_2074"></a><a href="#Footnote_2074_2074" class="fnanchor">2074</a> -beneath the Old Shops,<a id="FNanchor_2075_2075"></a><a href="#Footnote_2075_2075" class="fnanchor">2075</a> where it was exhibited. This artist -was very successful in painting stage-scenery, but was unable -to depict the human form. Dionysius,<a id="FNanchor_2076_2076"></a><a href="#Footnote_2076_2076" class="fnanchor">2076</a> on the contrary, -painted nothing but men, and hence it was that he had the -surname of “Anthropographos.”<a id="FNanchor_2077_2077"></a><a href="#Footnote_2077_2077" class="fnanchor">2077</a> Callicles<a id="FNanchor_2078_2078"></a><a href="#Footnote_2078_2078" class="fnanchor">2078</a> also painted -some small pictures, and Calates executed some small works in -the comic style. Both of these styles were adopted by -Antiphilus;<a id="FNanchor_2079_2079"></a><a href="#Footnote_2079_2079" class="fnanchor">2079</a> who painted a very fine Hesione, and a Philip -and Alexander with Minerva, now in the School of the -Porticos<a id="FNanchor_2080_2080"></a><a href="#Footnote_2080_2080" class="fnanchor">2080</a> of Octavia. In the Portico of Philippus,<a id="FNanchor_2081_2081"></a><a href="#Footnote_2081_2081" class="fnanchor">2081</a> also, -there is a Father Liber<a id="FNanchor_2082_2082"></a><a href="#Footnote_2082_2082" class="fnanchor">2082</a> by him; an Alexander when a child; -and an Hippolytus alarmed at the Bull, which is rushing -upon him:<a id="FNanchor_2083_2083"></a><a href="#Footnote_2083_2083" class="fnanchor">2083</a> and in the Portico of Pompeius<a id="FNanchor_2084_2084"></a><a href="#Footnote_2084_2084" class="fnanchor">2084</a> we have his -Cadmus and Europa. On the other hand, again, he painted a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_270">270</a></span>figure in a ridiculous costume, known jocosely as the Gryllus; -and hence it is that pictures of this class<a id="FNanchor_2085_2085"></a><a href="#Footnote_2085_2085" class="fnanchor">2085</a> are generally known -as “Grylli.” Antiphilus was a native of Egypt, and received -instruction in the art from Ctesidemus.<a id="FNanchor_2086_2086"></a><a href="#Footnote_2086_2086" class="fnanchor">2086</a></p> - -<p>It would not be right to pass in silence the painter of the -Temple at Ardea,<a id="FNanchor_2087_2087"></a><a href="#Footnote_2087_2087" class="fnanchor">2087</a> the more particularly as he was honoured -with the citizenship at that place, and with the following inscription -in verse upon one of the paintings which he executed -there:</p> - -<p> -“These paintings, worthy of this worthy place,<br /> -Temple of Juno, queen, and wife of Jove,<br /> -Plautius Marcus,<a id="FNanchor_2088_2088"></a><a href="#Footnote_2088_2088" class="fnanchor">2088</a> from Alalia, made.<br /> -May Ardea now and ever praise him for his skill.”<br /> -</p> - -<p>These lines are written in ancient Latin characters.</p> - -<p>Ludius too, who lived in the time of the late Emperor -Augustus, must not be allowed to pass without some notice; -for he was the first to introduce the fashion of covering the -walls of our houses with most pleasing landscapes, representing -villas, porticos, ornamental gardening, woods, groves, hills, -fishponds, canals,<a id="FNanchor_2089_2089"></a><a href="#Footnote_2089_2089" class="fnanchor">2089</a> rivers, sea-shores, and anything else one -could desire; varied with figures of persons walking, sailing, -or proceeding to their villas, on asses or in carriages. Then, -too, there are others to be seen fishing, fowling, or gathering -in the vintage. In some of his decorations there are fine -villas to be seen, and roads to them across the marshes, with -women making<a id="FNanchor_2090_2090"></a><a href="#Footnote_2090_2090" class="fnanchor">2090</a> bargains to be carried across on men’s -shoulders, who move along slipping at every step and tottering -beneath their load; with numberless other subjects of a -similar nature, redolent of mirth and of the most amusing ingenuity. -It was this artist, too, who first decorated our uncovered<a id="FNanchor_2091_2091"></a><a href="#Footnote_2091_2091" class="fnanchor">2091</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_271">271</a></span>edifices with representations of maritime cities, a subject -which produces a most pleasing effect, and at a very trifling -expense.</p> - -<p>But as for fame, that has been reserved solely for the artists -who have painted pictures; a thing that gives us all the more -reason to venerate the prudence displayed by the men of -ancient times. For with them, it was not the practice to -decorate the walls of houses, for the gratification of the -owners only; nor did they lavish all their resources upon a -dwelling which must of necessity always remain a fixture in -one spot, and admits of no removal in case of conflagration. -Protogenes was content with a cottage in his little garden; -Apelles had no paintings on the plaster of his walls; it not -being the fashion in their day to colour the party-walls of -houses from top to bottom. With all those artists, art was -ever watchful for the benefit of whole cities only, and in those -times a painter was regarded as the common property of all.</p> - -<p>Shortly before the time of the late Emperor Augustus, -Arellius was in high esteem at Rome; and with fair reason, -had he not profaned the art by a disgraceful piece of profanity; -for, being always in love with some woman or other, it was -his practice, in painting goddesses, to give them the features of -his mistresses; hence it is, that there were always some figures -of prostitutes to be seen in his pictures. More recently, lived -Amulius,<a id="FNanchor_2092_2092"></a><a href="#Footnote_2092_2092" class="fnanchor">2092</a> a grave and serious personage, but a painter in -the florid style. By this artist there was a Minerva, which -had the appearance of always looking at the spectators, from -whatever point it was viewed. He only painted a few hours -each day, and then with the greatest gravity, for he always -kept the toga on, even when in the midst of his implements. -The Golden Palace<a id="FNanchor_2093_2093"></a><a href="#Footnote_2093_2093" class="fnanchor">2093</a> of Nero was the prison-house of this -artist’s productions, and hence it is that there are so few of -them to be be seen elsewhere.</p> - -<p>Next in repute to him were Cornelius Pinus and Attius -Priscus, who painted the Temple of Honour and that of -Virtue,<a id="FNanchor_2094_2094"></a><a href="#Footnote_2094_2094" class="fnanchor">2094</a> on their restoration by the Emperor Vespasianus -Augustus. Priscus approaches more closely to the ancient -masters.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_272">272</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_38"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 38. (11.)—AN EFFECTUAL WAY OF PUTTING A STOP TO THE -SINGING OF BIRDS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>I must not omit here, in reference to painting, a celebrated -story that is told about Lepidus. During the Triumvirate, -when he was entertained by the magistrates of a certain place, -he had lodgings given him in a house that was wholly surrounded -with trees. The next day, he complained to them in -a threatening tone, that he had been unable to sleep for the -singing of the birds there. Accordingly, they had a dragon -painted, on pieces of parchment of the greatest length that -could possibly be obtained, and surrounded the grove with it; -a thing that so terrified the birds, it is said, that they became -silent at once; and hence it was that it first became known -how this object could be attained.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_39"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 39.—ARTISTS WHO HAVE PAINTED IN ENCAUSTICS OR WAX, -WITH EITHER THE CESTRUM OR THE PENCIL.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It is not agreed who was the inventor of the art of painting -in wax and in encaustic.<a id="FNanchor_2095_2095"></a><a href="#Footnote_2095_2095" class="fnanchor">2095</a> Some think that it was a discovery -of the painter Aristides,<a id="FNanchor_2096_2096"></a><a href="#Footnote_2096_2096" class="fnanchor">2096</a> and that it was afterwards brought to -perfection by Praxiteles: but there are encaustic paintings in -existence, of a somewhat prior date to them, those by Polygnotus,<a id="FNanchor_2097_2097"></a><a href="#Footnote_2097_2097" class="fnanchor">2097</a> -for example, and by Nicanor and Arcesilaüs,<a id="FNanchor_2098_2098"></a><a href="#Footnote_2098_2098" class="fnanchor">2098</a> natives -of Paros. Elasippus too, has inscribed upon a picture of his -at Ægina, the word <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἐνέκαεν</span>;<a id="FNanchor_2099_2099"></a><a href="#Footnote_2099_2099" class="fnanchor">2099</a> a thing that he certainly could -not have done, if the art of encaustic painting had not been -then invented.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 40.—THE FIRST INVENTORS OF VARIOUS KINDS OF -PAINTING. THE GREATEST DIFFICULTIES IN THE ART OF -PAINTING. THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF PAINTING. THE FIRST <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_273">273</a></span> -ARTIST THAT PAINTED CEILINGS. WHEN ARCHED ROOFS WERE -FIRST PAINTED. THE MARVELLOUS PRICE OF SOME PICTURES. -</span></h3></div> - -<p>It is said, too, that Pamphilus,<a id="FNanchor_2100_2100"></a><a href="#Footnote_2100_2100" class="fnanchor">2100</a> the instructor of Apelles, not -only painted in encaustic, but also instructed Pausias<a id="FNanchor_2101_2101"></a><a href="#Footnote_2101_2101" class="fnanchor">2101</a> of Sicyon -in the art, the first who rendered himself distinguished in this -branch. Pausias was the son of Bryetes, by whom he was -originally instructed in the art of painting. He retouched -also with the pencil<a id="FNanchor_2102_2102"></a><a href="#Footnote_2102_2102" class="fnanchor">2102</a> some walls at Thespiæ, then undergoing -repair, which had formerly been painted by Polygnotus. Upon -instituting a comparison, however, it was considered that he -was greatly inferior, this kind of painting not being in his -line. It was he, too, who first thought of painting ceilings: -nor had it been the practice before his day to use this kind of -decoration for arched roofs. He painted many small pictures -also, miniatures of children more particularly; a thing which, -according to the interpretation put upon it by his rivals, was -owing to the peculiarly slow process of encaustic painting. -The consequence was, that being determined to give a memorable -proof of his celerity of execution, he completed a picture -in the space of a single day, which was thence called the -“Hemeresios,”<a id="FNanchor_2103_2103"></a><a href="#Footnote_2103_2103" class="fnanchor">2103</a> representing the portrait of a child.</p> - -<p>In his youth, he was enamoured of Glycera,<a id="FNanchor_2104_2104"></a><a href="#Footnote_2104_2104" class="fnanchor">2104</a> his fellow-townswoman, -the first inventor of chaplets; and in his rivalry -of the skill shown by her, he achieved so much success in the -encaustic art, as to reproduce the almost numberless tints displayed -by flowers. At a later period, he painted her, seated, -with a chaplet on, and thus produced one of the very finest -of his pictures; known as the “Stephaneplocos”<a id="FNanchor_2105_2105"></a><a href="#Footnote_2105_2105" class="fnanchor">2105</a> by -some, and as the “Stephanopolis”<a id="FNanchor_2106_2106"></a><a href="#Footnote_2106_2106" class="fnanchor">2106</a> by others; from the circumstance -that Glycera had supported herself in her poverty by -selling these chaplets. A copy of this picture, usually known -as an “apographon,”<a id="FNanchor_2107_2107"></a><a href="#Footnote_2107_2107" class="fnanchor">2107</a> was purchased by L. Lucullus at Athens, -during the festival of the Dionysia, at the price of two talents.</p> - -<p>Pausias also painted some large pictures, a Sacrifice of Oxen, -for instance, which used to be seen in the Portico of Pompeius. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_274">274</a></span>In this painting he invented several improvements, -which many artists have since imitated, but none with the -same success. Although in the picture it was particularly his -desire to give an impression of the length of the ox, he -painted it with a front view and not sideways, and still has -caused the large dimensions of the animal to be fully understood. -And then too, whereas all other painters colour in -white such parts as they wish to have the appearance of -being prominent, and in black such portions as are intended -to remain in the back-ground, he has painted the whole of the -ox of a black colour, and has shown the dimensions of the -body which throws the shadow by the medium of the shadow -itself; thus evincing a wonderful degree of skill in showing -relief upon a coat painted with a single colour, and conveying -an impression of uniform solidity upon a broken ground.<a id="FNanchor_2108_2108"></a><a href="#Footnote_2108_2108" class="fnanchor">2108</a> It -was at Sicyon also that Pausias passed his life, a city which -for a long time continued to be the native place of painting. -Ultimately, all the paintings belonging to that place were sold -by public auction for the discharge of the debts owing by the -city, and were transferred to Rome in the ædileship of -Scaurus.<a id="FNanchor_2109_2109"></a><a href="#Footnote_2109_2109" class="fnanchor">2109</a></p> - -<p>Next to him, in the hundred and fourth Olympiad, Euphranor,<a id="FNanchor_2110_2110"></a><a href="#Footnote_2110_2110" class="fnanchor">2110</a> -the Isthmian, distinguished himself far beyond all -others, an artist who has been already mentioned in our -account of the statuaries. He executed some colossal figures -also, and some statues in marble, and he chased some drinking-vessels; -being studious and laborious in the highest degree, -excellent in every branch, and at all times equal to himself. -This artist seems to have been the first to represent heroes with -becoming dignity, and to have paid particular attention to symmetry. -Still, however, in the generality of instances, he has -made the body slight in proportion to the head and limbs. He -composed some treatises also upon symmetry and colours. His -works are, an Equestrian Combat;<a id="FNanchor_2111_2111"></a><a href="#Footnote_2111_2111" class="fnanchor">2111</a> the Twelve Gods; and a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_275">275</a></span>Theseus; with reference to which he remarked that the Theseus -of Parrhasius had been fed upon roses, but his own upon beef.<a id="FNanchor_2112_2112"></a><a href="#Footnote_2112_2112" class="fnanchor">2112</a> -There are also at Ephesus some famous pictures by him; an -Ulysses, in his feigned madness, yoking together an ox and a -horse; Men, in an attitude of meditation, wearing the pallium;<a id="FNanchor_2113_2113"></a><a href="#Footnote_2113_2113" class="fnanchor">2113</a> -and a Warrior, sheathing his sword.</p> - -<p>At the same time, also, flourished Cydias;<a id="FNanchor_2114_2114"></a><a href="#Footnote_2114_2114" class="fnanchor">2114</a> for whose picture -of the Argonautæ the orator Hortensius paid one hundred and -forty-four thousand sesterces, and had a shrine constructed -expressly for its reception on his estate at Tusculum.<a id="FNanchor_2115_2115"></a><a href="#Footnote_2115_2115" class="fnanchor">2115</a> There -was also Antidotus, a pupil of Euphranor, by whom there is, -at Athens, a Combatant armed with a shield; a Wrestler, also; -and a Trumpeter, a work which has been considered a most -exquisite production.</p> - -<p>Antidotus, as a painter, was more careful in his works than -prolific, and his colouring was of a severe style. His principal -glory was his having been the instructor of Nicias<a id="FNanchor_2116_2116"></a><a href="#Footnote_2116_2116" class="fnanchor">2116</a> of -Athens; who was a most careful painter of female portraits, -and a strict observer of light and shade,<a id="FNanchor_2117_2117"></a><a href="#Footnote_2117_2117" class="fnanchor">2117</a> making it his especial -care that the figures in his pictures should appear in -the boldest relief. His works are, a Nemea, which was -brought from Asia to Rome by Silanus, and was placed in -the Curia, as already stated;<a id="FNanchor_2118_2118"></a><a href="#Footnote_2118_2118" class="fnanchor">2118</a> a Father Liber,<a id="FNanchor_2119_2119"></a><a href="#Footnote_2119_2119" class="fnanchor">2119</a> in the -Temple<a id="FNanchor_2120_2120"></a><a href="#Footnote_2120_2120" class="fnanchor">2120</a> of Concord; a Hyacinthus,<a id="FNanchor_2121_2121"></a><a href="#Footnote_2121_2121" class="fnanchor">2121</a> which the Emperor -Augustus was so delighted with, that he took it away with -him after the capture of Alexandria; for which reason also it -was consecrated in the Temple<a id="FNanchor_2122_2122"></a><a href="#Footnote_2122_2122" class="fnanchor">2122</a> of Augustus by the Emperor -Tiberius; and a Danaë. At Ephesus, there is a tomb by -him of a megabyzus,<a id="FNanchor_2123_2123"></a><a href="#Footnote_2123_2123" class="fnanchor">2123</a> or priest of the Ephesian Diana; and at -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_276">276</a></span>Athens a representation of the Necyomantea<a id="FNanchor_2124_2124"></a><a href="#Footnote_2124_2124" class="fnanchor">2124</a> of Homer; -which last he declined to sell to King Attalus for sixty -talents, and in preference, so rich was he, made a present of -it to his own native place. He also executed some large -pictures, among which there are a Calypso, an Io, an Andromeda, -a very fine Alexander, in the Porticos<a id="FNanchor_2125_2125"></a><a href="#Footnote_2125_2125" class="fnanchor">2125</a> of Pompeius, -and a Calypso, seated. To this painter also there are some -pictures of cattle attributed, and in his dogs he has been remarkably -successful. It was this Nicias, with reference to -whom, Praxiteles, when asked with which of all his works in -marble he was the best pleased, made answer, “Those to -which Nicias has set his hand,” so highly did he esteem the -colouring of that artist. It has not been satisfactorily ascertained -whether it is this artist or another of the same name -that some writers have placed in the hundred and twelfth -Olympiad.</p> - -<p>With Nicias has been compared, and indeed sometimes -preferred to him, Athenion of Maronea,<a id="FNanchor_2126_2126"></a><a href="#Footnote_2126_2126" class="fnanchor">2126</a> a pupil of Glaucion -of Corinth. In his colouring he is more sombre than Nicias, -and yet, with all his sombreness, more pleasing; so much so -indeed, that in his paintings shines forth the extensive knowledge -which he possessed of the art. He painted, in the -Temple at Eleusis, a Phylarchus;<a id="FNanchor_2127_2127"></a><a href="#Footnote_2127_2127" class="fnanchor">2127</a> and at Athens, a family -group, which has been known as the “Syngenicon;”<a id="FNanchor_2128_2128"></a><a href="#Footnote_2128_2128" class="fnanchor">2128</a> an -Achilles also, concealed in a female dress, and Ulysses detecting -him; a group of six whole-length figures, in one -picture; and, a work which has contributed to his fame more -than any other, a Groom leading a Horse. Indeed, if he had -not died young, there would have been no one comparable to -Athenion in painting.</p> - -<p>Heraclides, too, of Macedon, had some repute as an artist. -At first he was a painter of ships, but afterwards, on the capture -of King Perseus, he removed to Athens; where at the -same period was also Metrodorus,<a id="FNanchor_2129_2129"></a><a href="#Footnote_2129_2129" class="fnanchor">2129</a> who was both a painter -and a philosopher, and of considerable celebrity in both -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_277">277</a></span>branches. Hence it was, that when L. Paulus Æmilius, after -the conquest of Perseus,<a id="FNanchor_2130_2130"></a><a href="#Footnote_2130_2130" class="fnanchor">2130</a> requested the Athenians to send -him the most esteemed philosopher for the education of his -children, and a painter to represent his triumph, they made -choice of Metrodorus, declaring that he was eminently suited -for either purpose; a thing which Paulus admitted to be the -case.</p> - -<p>Timomachus of Byzantium, in the time of the Dictator Cæsar, -painted an Ajax<a id="FNanchor_2131_2131"></a><a href="#Footnote_2131_2131" class="fnanchor">2131</a> and a Medea, which were placed by Cæsar -in the Temple of Venus Genetrix, having been purchased at -the price of eighty talents; the value of the Attic talent -being, according to M. Varro, equivalent to six thousand -denarii. An Orestes, also by Timomachus, an Iphigenia in -Tauris, and a Lecythion, a teacher of gymnastics, are equally -praised; a Noble Family also; and Two Men clothed in the -pallium,<a id="FNanchor_2132_2132"></a><a href="#Footnote_2132_2132" class="fnanchor">2132</a> and about to enter into conversation, the one standing, -the other in a sitting posture. It is in his picture, however -of the Gorgon,<a id="FNanchor_2133_2133"></a><a href="#Footnote_2133_2133" class="fnanchor">2133</a> that the art appears to have favoured -him most highly.</p> - -<p>Aristolaüs, the son and pupil of Pausias, was one of the -painters in a more severe style: there are by him an Epaminondas, -a Pericles, a Medea, a Theseus, an emblematical -picture of the Athenian People, and a Sacrifice of Oxen. -Some persons, too, are pleased with the careful style of -Nicophanes,<a id="FNanchor_2134_2134"></a><a href="#Footnote_2134_2134" class="fnanchor">2134</a> who was also a pupil of Pausias; a carefulness, -however, which only artists can appreciate, as in other -respects he was harsh in his colours, and too lavish of sil;<a id="FNanchor_2135_2135"></a><a href="#Footnote_2135_2135" class="fnanchor">2135</a> as -in his picture, for example, of Æsculapius with his daughters, -Hygia,<a id="FNanchor_2136_2136"></a><a href="#Footnote_2136_2136" class="fnanchor">2136</a> Ægle, and Panacea, his Jason, and his Sluggard, -known as the “Ocnos,”<a id="FNanchor_2137_2137"></a><a href="#Footnote_2137_2137" class="fnanchor">2137</a> a man twisting a rope at one end -as an ass gnaws it at the other. As to Socrates,<a id="FNanchor_2138_2138"></a><a href="#Footnote_2138_2138" class="fnanchor">2138</a> his pictures -are, with good reason, universally esteemed.</p> - -<p>Having now mentioned the principal painters in either -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_278">278</a></span>branch,<a id="FNanchor_2139_2139"></a><a href="#Footnote_2139_2139" class="fnanchor">2139</a> I must not pass in silence those who occupy the -next rank. Aristoclides decorated the Temple of Apollo at -Delphi. Antiphilus<a id="FNanchor_2140_2140"></a><a href="#Footnote_2140_2140" class="fnanchor">2140</a> is highly praised for his picture of a -Boy blowing a Fire, which illumines an apartment handsomely -furnished, and throws a light<a id="FNanchor_2141_2141"></a><a href="#Footnote_2141_2141" class="fnanchor">2141</a> upon the features of the -youth; a Spinning-room, with women plying their respective -tasks; and a King Ptolemæus hunting. But his most famous -picture is his Satyr, clad in a panther’s skin, and known as -the “Aposcopeuon.”<a id="FNanchor_2142_2142"></a><a href="#Footnote_2142_2142" class="fnanchor">2142</a> Aristophon<a id="FNanchor_2143_2143"></a><a href="#Footnote_2143_2143" class="fnanchor">2143</a> has painted an Ancæus<a id="FNanchor_2144_2144"></a><a href="#Footnote_2144_2144" class="fnanchor">2144</a> -wounded by the Boar, with Astypale, the sharer of his grief; -and a picture with numerous figures, representing Priam, -Helena, Credulity, Ulysses, Deiphobus, and Guile.<a id="FNanchor_2145_2145"></a><a href="#Footnote_2145_2145" class="fnanchor">2145</a> Androbius -has painted a Scyllus<a id="FNanchor_2146_2146"></a><a href="#Footnote_2146_2146" class="fnanchor">2146</a> cutting away the anchors of the Persian -fleet: and Artemon a Danaë, with Robbers in admiration; -a Queen Stratonice;<a id="FNanchor_2147_2147"></a><a href="#Footnote_2147_2147" class="fnanchor">2147</a> and a Hercules and Deianira. But the -finest of all this artist’s works are those now in the buildings -of Octavia; a Hercules ascending to heaven, with the sanction -of the gods, from his funeral pile upon Mount Œta in Doris; -and the story of Laomedon and his bargain<a id="FNanchor_2148_2148"></a><a href="#Footnote_2148_2148" class="fnanchor">2148</a> with Hercules -and Neptune. Alcimachus has painted Dioxippus,<a id="FNanchor_2149_2149"></a><a href="#Footnote_2149_2149" class="fnanchor">2149</a> who was -victorious in the pancratium at Olympia, without raising the -dust; a victory known to the Greeks as being gained “aconiti.”<a id="FNanchor_2150_2150"></a><a href="#Footnote_2150_2150" class="fnanchor">2150</a> -Cœnus painted pedigrees.<a id="FNanchor_2151_2151"></a><a href="#Footnote_2151_2151" class="fnanchor">2151</a></p> - -<p>Ctesilochus, a pupil<a id="FNanchor_2152_2152"></a><a href="#Footnote_2152_2152" class="fnanchor">2152</a> of Apelles, was famous for a burlesque -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_279">279</a></span>picture of his representing Jupiter in labour with Bacchus,<a id="FNanchor_2153_2153"></a><a href="#Footnote_2153_2153" class="fnanchor">2153</a> -with a mitra<a id="FNanchor_2154_2154"></a><a href="#Footnote_2154_2154" class="fnanchor">2154</a> on his head, and crying like a woman in the -midst of the goddesses, who are acting as midwives. Cleon -distinguished himself by his Cadmus; and Ctesidemus, by his -Capture of Œchalia<a id="FNanchor_2155_2155"></a><a href="#Footnote_2155_2155" class="fnanchor">2155</a> and his Laodamia.</p> - -<p>Ctesicles became notorious for the insult which he offered -to Queen Stratonice;<a id="FNanchor_2156_2156"></a><a href="#Footnote_2156_2156" class="fnanchor">2156</a> for, upon failing to meet with an -honourable reception from her, he painted her, romping with -a fisherman, for whom, according to common report, she had -conceived an ardent affection. After exhibiting this picture -in the harbour at Ephesus, he at once set sail and escaped: -the queen, however, would not allow of its removal, the likenesses -of the two figures being so admirably expressed. Cratinus,<a id="FNanchor_2157_2157"></a><a href="#Footnote_2157_2157" class="fnanchor">2157</a> -the comic writer, painted at Athens, in the Pompeion<a id="FNanchor_2158_2158"></a><a href="#Footnote_2158_2158" class="fnanchor">2158</a> -there.</p> - -<p>Of Eutychides, there is a Victory guiding a chariot drawn by -two horses. Eudorus is famous for his dramatic scenery; he -executed some statues in bronze also. By Hippys there is a -Neptune and Victory. Habron painted a picture of Friendship -and Concord, and several figures of divinities; Leontiscus, -an Aratus with the trophies of victory,<a id="FNanchor_2159_2159"></a><a href="#Footnote_2159_2159" class="fnanchor">2159</a> and a Singing-girl; -Leon, a portrait of Sappho; and Nearchus, a Venus attended -by Cupids and Graces, and a Hercules, sorrowing and repentant -at the sad results of his madness.<a id="FNanchor_2160_2160"></a><a href="#Footnote_2160_2160" class="fnanchor">2160</a> Nealces,<a id="FNanchor_2161_2161"></a><a href="#Footnote_2161_2161" class="fnanchor">2161</a> a remarkably -ingenious and inventive artist, painted a Venus. On one occasion, -when he had to represent a naval engagement between -the Persians and Egyptians, wishing it to be understood that -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_280">280</a></span>it took place on the river Nilus, the waters of which are similar -in appearance to those of the sea, he employed an emblem to -disclose that which would not admit of expression by art; for he -painted an ass drinking on the shore, and a crocodile lying in -wait for him.<a id="FNanchor_2162_2162"></a><a href="#Footnote_2162_2162" class="fnanchor">2162</a></p> - -<p>Œnias has painted a Family Group; Philiscus, a Painter’s -Studio, with a boy blowing the fire; Phalerion, a Scylla; Simonides, -an Agatharchus and a Mnemosyne; Simus, a youth -reposing, a Fuller’s Shop, a person celebrating the Quinquatria,<a id="FNanchor_2163_2163"></a><a href="#Footnote_2163_2163" class="fnanchor">2163</a> -and a Nemesis of great merit. By Theorus<a id="FNanchor_2164_2164"></a><a href="#Footnote_2164_2164" class="fnanchor">2164</a> there is a -Man Anointing himself; a picture of the Murder of Ægisthus -and Clytæmnestra by Orestes; and a representation of the -Trojan War, in a series of paintings, now at Rome, in the -Porticos<a id="FNanchor_2165_2165"></a><a href="#Footnote_2165_2165" class="fnanchor">2165</a> of Philippus: a Cassandra<a id="FNanchor_2166_2166"></a><a href="#Footnote_2166_2166" class="fnanchor">2166</a> also, in the Temple of -Concord; a Leontium, the mistress of Epicurus, in an attitude -of meditation; and a King Demetrius.<a id="FNanchor_2167_2167"></a><a href="#Footnote_2167_2167" class="fnanchor">2167</a> Theon<a id="FNanchor_2168_2168"></a><a href="#Footnote_2168_2168" class="fnanchor">2168</a> has painted -the Frenzy<a id="FNanchor_2169_2169"></a><a href="#Footnote_2169_2169" class="fnanchor">2169</a> of Orestes, and a Thamyras<a id="FNanchor_2170_2170"></a><a href="#Footnote_2170_2170" class="fnanchor">2170</a> playing on the -lyre; Tauriscus, a Discobolus,<a id="FNanchor_2171_2171"></a><a href="#Footnote_2171_2171" class="fnanchor">2171</a> a Clytæmnestra, a Pan in miniature, -a Polynices claiming<a id="FNanchor_2172_2172"></a><a href="#Footnote_2172_2172" class="fnanchor">2172</a> the sovereignty, and a Capaneus.<a id="FNanchor_2173_2173"></a><a href="#Footnote_2173_2173" class="fnanchor">2173</a></p> - -<p>In speaking of these artists, I must not omit to mention -one memorable circumstance: Erigonus, who was colour-grinder -to the painter Nealces, himself made such progress in -the art as to leave a very celebrated pupil, Pasias, the brother of -Ægineta, the modeller. It is also a very singular fact, and one -well deserving of remark, that the last works of these artists, -their unfinished paintings, in fact, are held in greater admiration -than their completed works; the Iris of Aristides, for instance, -the Tyndaridæ<a id="FNanchor_2174_2174"></a><a href="#Footnote_2174_2174" class="fnanchor">2174</a> of Nicomachus, the Medea of Timomachus,<a id="FNanchor_2175_2175"></a><a href="#Footnote_2175_2175" class="fnanchor">2175</a> -and the Venus of Apelles,<a id="FNanchor_2176_2176"></a><a href="#Footnote_2176_2176" class="fnanchor">2176</a> already mentioned. For in such -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_281">281</a></span>works as these, we not only see the outline depicted, and the -very thoughts of the artist expressed, but have the composition -additionally commended to our notice by the regrets which we -must necessarily feel on finding the hand that commenced it -arrested by death.</p> - -<p>There are still some other artists, who, though by no means -without reputation, can only be noticed here in a summary -manner: Aristocydes; Anaxander; Aristobulus of Syria; -Arcesilas,<a id="FNanchor_2177_2177"></a><a href="#Footnote_2177_2177" class="fnanchor">2177</a> son of Tisicrates; Corœbos, a pupil of Nicomachus; -Charmantides, a pupil of Euphranor; Dionysodorus of Colophon; -Dicæogenes, a contemporary of King Demetrius;<a id="FNanchor_2178_2178"></a><a href="#Footnote_2178_2178" class="fnanchor">2178</a> Euthymides; -Heraclides<a id="FNanchor_2179_2179"></a><a href="#Footnote_2179_2179" class="fnanchor">2179</a> of Macedon; Milo of Soli, a pupil of the statuary -Pyromachus; Mnasitheus of Sicyon; Mnasitimus, the son and -pupil of Aristonidas;<a id="FNanchor_2180_2180"></a><a href="#Footnote_2180_2180" class="fnanchor">2180</a> Nessus, son of Habron;<a id="FNanchor_2181_2181"></a><a href="#Footnote_2181_2181" class="fnanchor">2181</a> Polemon of -Alexandria; Theodorus of Samos, and Stadieus, pupils of -Nicosthenes; and Xeno of Sicyon, a pupil of Neocles.</p> - -<p>There have been some female painters also. Timarete, the -daughter of Micon,<a id="FNanchor_2182_2182"></a><a href="#Footnote_2182_2182" class="fnanchor">2182</a> painted a Diana at Ephesus, one of the -very oldest panel-paintings known. Irene, daughter and -pupil of the artist Cratinus,<a id="FNanchor_2183_2183"></a><a href="#Footnote_2183_2183" class="fnanchor">2183</a> painted a figure of a girl, now -at Eleusis, a Calypso, an Aged Man, the juggler Theodorus, -and Alcisthenes the dancer. Aristarete, daughter and pupil of -Nearchus, painted an Æsculapius. Iaia of Cyzicus, who always -remained single, painted at Rome, in the youth of M. Varro, -both with the brush, and with the graver,<a id="FNanchor_2184_2184"></a><a href="#Footnote_2184_2184" class="fnanchor">2184</a> upon ivory, her subjects -being female portraits mostly. At Naples, there is a large -picture by her, the portrait of an Old Woman; as also a portrait -of herself, taken by the aid of a mirror. There was no painter -superior to her for expedition; while at the same time her -artistic skill was such, that her works sold at much higher -prices than those of the most celebrated portrait-painters of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_282">282</a></span>her day, Sopolis namely, and Dionysius,<a id="FNanchor_2185_2185"></a><a href="#Footnote_2185_2185" class="fnanchor">2185</a> with whose pictures -our galleries are filled. One Olympias painted also, but nothing -is known relative to her, except that she had Autobulus -for a pupil.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_41"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 41.—ENCAUSTIC PAINTING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In ancient times there were but two methods of encaustic<a id="FNanchor_2186_2186"></a><a href="#Footnote_2186_2186" class="fnanchor">2186</a> -painting, in wax and on ivory,<a id="FNanchor_2187_2187"></a><a href="#Footnote_2187_2187" class="fnanchor">2187</a> with the cestrum or pointed -graver. When, however, this art came to be applied to the -painting of ships of war, a third method was adopted, that of -melting the wax colours and laying them on with a brush, -while hot.<a id="FNanchor_2188_2188"></a><a href="#Footnote_2188_2188" class="fnanchor">2188</a> Painting of this nature,<a id="FNanchor_2189_2189"></a><a href="#Footnote_2189_2189" class="fnanchor">2189</a> applied to vessels, will -never spoil from the action of the sun, winds, or salt water.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_42"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 42.—THE COLOURING OF TISSUES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In Egypt, too, they employ a very remarkable process for the -colouring of tissues. After pressing the material, which is white -at first, they saturate it, not with colours, but with mordents -that are calculated to absorb colour. This done, the tissues, -still unchanged in appearance, are plunged into a cauldron of -boiling dye, and are removed the next moment fully coloured. -It is a singular fact, too, that although the dye in the pan is of -one uniform colour, the material when taken out of it is of -various colours, according to the nature of the mordents that -have been respectively applied to it: these colours, too, will never -wash out. Thus the dye-pan, which under ordinary circumstances, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_283">283</a></span>no doubt, would have made but one colour of several, -if coloured tissues had been put into it, is here made to yield -several colours from a single dye. At the same moment that -it dyes the tissues, it boils in the colour; and it is the fact, -that material which has been thus submitted to the action of -fire becomes stouter and more serviceable for wear, than it -would have been if it had not been subjected to the process.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_43"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 43. (12.)—THE INVENTORS OF THE ART OF MODELLING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>On painting we have now said enough, and more than enough; -but it will be only proper to append some accounts of the -plastic art. Butades, a potter of Sicyon, was the first who invented, -at Corinth, the art of modelling portraits in the earth -which he used in his trade. It was through his daughter that -he made the discovery; who, being deeply in love with a young -man about to depart on a long journey, traced the profile of -his face, as thrown upon the wall by the light of the lamp. Upon -seeing this, her father filled in the outline, by compressing clay -upon the surface, and so made a face in relief, which he then -hardened by fire along with other articles of pottery. This -model, it is said, was preserved in the Nymphæum<a id="FNanchor_2190_2190"></a><a href="#Footnote_2190_2190" class="fnanchor">2190</a> at Corinth, -until the destruction of that city by Mummius.<a id="FNanchor_2191_2191"></a><a href="#Footnote_2191_2191" class="fnanchor">2191</a> Others, again, -assert that the first inventors of the plastic art were Rhœcus<a id="FNanchor_2192_2192"></a><a href="#Footnote_2192_2192" class="fnanchor">2192</a> -and Theodorus,<a id="FNanchor_2193_2193"></a><a href="#Footnote_2193_2193" class="fnanchor">2193</a> at Samos, a considerable period before the expulsion -of the Bacchiadæ from Corinth: and that Damaratus,<a id="FNanchor_2194_2194"></a><a href="#Footnote_2194_2194" class="fnanchor">2194</a> -on taking to flight from that place and settling in Etruria, where -he became father of Tarquinius, who was ultimately king of -the Roman people, was accompanied thither by the modellers -Euchir,<a id="FNanchor_2195_2195"></a><a href="#Footnote_2195_2195" class="fnanchor">2195</a> Diopus, and Eugrammus, by whose agency the art -was first introduced into Italy.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_284">284</a></span>Butades first invented the method of colouring plastic compositions, -by adding red earth to the material, or else modelling -them in red chalk: he, too, was the first to make masks on the -outer edges of gutter-tiles upon the roofs of buildings; in -low relief, and known as “prostypa” at first, but afterwards -in high relief, or “ectypa.” It was in these designs,<a id="FNanchor_2196_2196"></a><a href="#Footnote_2196_2196" class="fnanchor">2196</a> too, that -the ornaments on the pediments of temples originated; -and from this invention modellers first had their name of -“plastæ.”</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_44"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 44.—WHO WAS THE FIRST TO MOULD FIGURES IN IMITATION -OF THE FEATURES OF LIVING PERSONS, OR OF STATUES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The first person who expressed the human features by fitting -a mould of plaster upon the face, and then improving it by -pouring melted wax into the cast, was Lysistratus<a id="FNanchor_2197_2197"></a><a href="#Footnote_2197_2197" class="fnanchor">2197</a> of Sicyon, -brother of Lysippus, already mentioned. It was he, in fact, -who first made it his study to give a faithful likeness; for -before his time, artists only thought how to make their portraits -as handsome as possible. The same artist, too, was the -first who thought of making models for his statues; a method -which afterwards became so universally adopted, that there -could be neither figure nor statue made without its model in -clay. Hence it would appear, that the art of modelling in -clay is more ancient than that of moulding in bronze.<a id="FNanchor_2198_2198"></a><a href="#Footnote_2198_2198" class="fnanchor">2198</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 45.—THE MOST FAMOUS MODELLERS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The most celebrated modellers were Damophilus and Gorgasus, -who were painters as well. These artists adorned with -their works, in both kinds, the Temple of Ceres,<a id="FNanchor_2199_2199"></a><a href="#Footnote_2199_2199" class="fnanchor">2199</a> in the Circus -Maximus at Rome; with an inscription in Greek, which -stated that the decorations on the right-hand were the workmanship -of Damophilus, and those on the left, of Gorgasus. -Varro says that, before the construction of this temple, everything -was Tuscan<a id="FNanchor_2200_2200"></a><a href="#Footnote_2200_2200" class="fnanchor">2200</a> in the temples; and that, when the temple -was afterwards repaired, the painted coatings of the walls were -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_285">285</a></span>cut away in tablets and enclosed in frames, but that the figures -on the pediments were dispersed. Chalcosthenes,<a id="FNanchor_2201_2201"></a><a href="#Footnote_2201_2201" class="fnanchor">2201</a> too,<a id="FNanchor_2202_2202"></a><a href="#Footnote_2202_2202" class="fnanchor">2202</a> executed -at Athens some works in unbaked earth, on the spot -which, from his manufactory, has since obtained the name of -“Ceramicus.”<a id="FNanchor_2203_2203"></a><a href="#Footnote_2203_2203" class="fnanchor">2203</a></p> - -<p>M. Varro states that he knew an artist at Rome, Possis by -name, who executed fruit, grapes, and fish, with such exactness, -that it was quite impossible, by only looking at them, to -distinguish them from the reality. He speaks very highly -also of Arcesilaüs,<a id="FNanchor_2204_2204"></a><a href="#Footnote_2204_2204" class="fnanchor">2204</a> who was on terms of intimacy with -Lucius Lucullus,<a id="FNanchor_2205_2205"></a><a href="#Footnote_2205_2205" class="fnanchor">2205</a> and whose models in plaster used to sell at -a higher rate, among artists themselves, than the works of -others. He informs us, also, that it was by this modeller that -the Venus Genetrix in the Forum of Cæsar was executed, it -having been erected before completion, in the great haste that -there was to consecrate it; that the same artist had made an -agreement with Lucullus to execute a figure of Felicity, at the -price of sixty thousand sesterces, the completion of which was -prevented by their death; and that Octavius, a Roman of -equestrian rank, being desirous of a model for a mixing-bowl,<a id="FNanchor_2206_2206"></a><a href="#Footnote_2206_2206" class="fnanchor">2206</a> -Arcesilaüs made him one in plaster, at the price of one talent.</p> - -<p>Varro praises Pasiteles<a id="FNanchor_2207_2207"></a><a href="#Footnote_2207_2207" class="fnanchor">2207</a> also, who used to say, that the -plastic art was the mother of chasing, statuary, and sculpture, -and who, excellent as he was in each of these branches, never -executed any work without first modelling it. In addition to -these particulars, he states that the art of modelling was -anciently cultivated in Italy, Etruria in particular; and that -Volcanius was summoned from Veii, and entrusted by Tarquinius -Priscus with making the figure of Jupiter, which he -intended to consecrate in the Capitol; that this Jupiter was -made of clay, and that hence arose the custom of painting it -with minium;<a id="FNanchor_2208_2208"></a><a href="#Footnote_2208_2208" class="fnanchor">2208</a> and that the four-horse chariot, so often<a id="FNanchor_2209_2209"></a><a href="#Footnote_2209_2209" class="fnanchor">2209</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_286">286</a></span>mentioned, upon the pediment of the temple, was made of clay -as well. We learn also from him, that it was by the same -artist that the Hercules was executed, which, even to this day, -is named<a id="FNanchor_2210_2210"></a><a href="#Footnote_2210_2210" class="fnanchor">2210</a> at Rome from the material of which it is composed. -Such, in those times, were the most esteemed statues of the -gods; and small reason have we to complain of our forefathers -for worshipping such divinities as these; for in their day there -was no working of gold and silver—no, not even in the -service of the gods.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_46"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 46.—WORKS IN POTTERY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Statues of this nature are still in existence at various -places. At Rome, in fact, and in our municipal towns, we -still see many such pediments of temples; wonderful too, for their -workmanship, and, from their artistic merit and long duration, -more deserving of our respect than gold, and certainly far less -baneful. At the present day even, in the midst of such -wealth as we possess, we make our first libation at the sacrifice, -not from murrhine<a id="FNanchor_2211_2211"></a><a href="#Footnote_2211_2211" class="fnanchor">2211</a> vases or vessels of crystal, but from ladles<a id="FNanchor_2212_2212"></a><a href="#Footnote_2212_2212" class="fnanchor">2212</a> -made of earthenware.</p> - -<p>Bounteous beyond expression is the earth, if we only consider -in detail her various gifts. To omit all mention of the cereals, -wine, fruits, herbs, shrubs, medicaments, and metals, bounties -which she has lavished upon us, and which have already passed -under our notice, her productions in the shape of pottery -alone, would more than suffice, in their variety, to satisfy our -domestic wants; what with gutter-tiles of earthenware, vats for -receiving wine, pipes<a id="FNanchor_2213_2213"></a><a href="#Footnote_2213_2213" class="fnanchor">2213</a> for conveying water, conduits<a id="FNanchor_2214_2214"></a><a href="#Footnote_2214_2214" class="fnanchor">2214</a> for -supplying baths, baked tiles for roofs, bricks for foundations, -the productions, too, of the potter’s wheel; results, all of -them, of an art, which induced King Numa to establish, as a -seventh company,<a id="FNanchor_2215_2215"></a><a href="#Footnote_2215_2215" class="fnanchor">2215</a> that of the makers of earthenware.</p> - -<p>Even more than this, many persons have chosen to be buried -in coffins<a id="FNanchor_2216_2216"></a><a href="#Footnote_2216_2216" class="fnanchor">2216</a> made of earthenware; M. Varro, for instance, who -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_287">287</a></span>was interred, in true Pythagorean style, in the midst of leaves -of myrtle, olive, and black poplar; indeed, the greater part of -mankind make use of earthen vases for this purpose. For the -service of the table, the Samian pottery is even yet held in high -esteem; that, too, of Arretium in Italy, still maintains its high -character; while for their cups, and for those only, the manufactories -of Surrentum, Asta, Pollentia, Saguntum in Spain, -and Pergamus in Asia,<a id="FNanchor_2217_2217"></a><a href="#Footnote_2217_2217" class="fnanchor">2217</a> are greatly esteemed.</p> - -<p>The city of Tralles, too, in Asia, and that of Mutina in Italy, -have their respective manufactures of earthenware, and even -by this branch of art are localities rendered famous; their productions, -by the aid of the potter’s wheel, becoming known to -all countries, and conveyed by sea and by land to every -quarter of the earth. At Erythræ, there are still shown, in -a temple there, two amphoræ, that were consecrated in consequence -of the singular thinness of the material: they originated -in a contest between a master and his pupil, which of the -two could make earthenware of the greatest thinness. The -vessels of Cos are the most highly celebrated for their beauty, -hut those of Adria<a id="FNanchor_2218_2218"></a><a href="#Footnote_2218_2218" class="fnanchor">2218</a> are considered the most substantial.</p> - -<p>In relation to these productions of art, there are some instances -of severity mentioned: Q. Coponius, we find, was -condemned for bribery, because he made present of an amphora -of wine to a person who had the right of voting. To -make luxury, too, conduce in some degree to enhance our estimation -of earthenware, “tripatinium,”<a id="FNanchor_2219_2219"></a><a href="#Footnote_2219_2219" class="fnanchor">2219</a> as we learn from -Fenestella, was the name given to the most exquisite course of -dishes that was served up at the Roman banquets. It consisted -of one dish of murænæ,<a id="FNanchor_2220_2220"></a><a href="#Footnote_2220_2220" class="fnanchor">2220</a> one of lupi,<a id="FNanchor_2221_2221"></a><a href="#Footnote_2221_2221" class="fnanchor">2221</a> and a third of a -mixture of fish. It is clear that the public manners were -then already on the decline; though we still have a right to -hold them preferable to those of the philosophers even of -Greece, seeing that the representatives of Aristotle, it is said, -sold, at the auction of his goods, as many as seventy dishes of -earthenware. It has been already<a id="FNanchor_2222_2222"></a><a href="#Footnote_2222_2222" class="fnanchor">2222</a> stated by us, when on the -subject of birds, that a single dish cost the tragic actor Æsopus -one hundred thousand sesterces; much to the reader’s indignation, -no doubt; but, by Hercules! Vitellius, when emperor, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_288">288</a></span>ordered a dish to be made, which was to cost a million of -sesterces, and for the preparation of which a furnace had to -be erected out in the fields! luxury having thus arrived at -such a pitch of excess as to make earthenware even sell at -higher prices than murrhine<a id="FNanchor_2223_2223"></a><a href="#Footnote_2223_2223" class="fnanchor">2223</a> vessels. It was in reference to -this circumstance, that Mucianus, in his second consulship, -when pronouncing one of his perorations, reproached the -memory of Vitellius with his dishes as broad as the Pomptine -Marsh; not less deserving to be execrated than the poisoned -dish of Asprenas, which, according to the accusation brought -against him by Cassius Severus, caused the death of one -hundred and thirty guests.<a id="FNanchor_2224_2224"></a><a href="#Footnote_2224_2224" class="fnanchor">2224</a></p> - -<p>These works of artistic merit have conferred celebrity on -some cities even, Rhegium for example, and Cumæ. The -priests of the Mother of the gods, known as the Galli, deprive -themselves of their virility with a piece of Samian<a id="FNanchor_2225_2225"></a><a href="#Footnote_2225_2225" class="fnanchor">2225</a> pottery, -the only means, if we believe M. Cælius,<a id="FNanchor_2226_2226"></a><a href="#Footnote_2226_2226" class="fnanchor">2226</a> of avoiding dangerous -results. He it was, too, who recommended, when inveighing -against certain abominable practices, that the person guilty of -them should have his tongue cut out, in a similar manner; -a reproach which would appear to have been levelled by anticipation -against this same Vitellius.</p> - -<p>What is there that human industry will not devise? Even -broken pottery has been utilized; it being found that, beaten -to powder, and tempered with lime, it becomes more solid and -durable than other substances of a similar nature; forming the -cement known as the “Signine”<a id="FNanchor_2227_2227"></a><a href="#Footnote_2227_2227" class="fnanchor">2227</a> composition, so extensively -employed for even making the pavements of houses.<a id="FNanchor_2228_2228"></a><a href="#Footnote_2228_2228" class="fnanchor">2228</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_47"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 47. (13.)—VARIOUS KINDS OF EARTH, THE PUTEOLAN DUST, -AND OTHER EARTHS OF WHICH CEMENTS LIKE STONE ARE MADE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>But there are other resources also, which are derived immediately -from the earth. Who, indeed, cannot but be surprised -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_289">289</a></span>at finding the most inferior constituent parts of it, known as -“dust”<a id="FNanchor_2229_2229"></a><a href="#Footnote_2229_2229" class="fnanchor">2229</a> only, on the hills about Puteoli, forming a barrier -against the waves of the sea, becoming changed into stone the -moment of its immersion, and increasing in hardness from day -to day—more particularly when mixed with the cement of -Cumæ? There is an earth too, of a similar nature found in -the districts about Cyzicus; but there, it is not a dust, but a -solid earth, which is cut away in blocks of all sizes, and which, -after being immersed in the sea, is taken out transformed into -stone. The same thing may be seen also, it is said, in the -vicinity of Cassandrea;<a id="FNanchor_2230_2230"></a><a href="#Footnote_2230_2230" class="fnanchor">2230</a> and at Cnidos, there is a spring of -fresh water which has the property of causing earth to petrify -within the space of eight months. Between Oropus and Aulis, -every portion of the land upon which the sea encroaches becomes -transformed into solid rock.</p> - -<p>The finer portion of the sand of the river Nilus is not very -different in its properties from the dust of Puteoli; not, indeed, -that it is used for breaking the force of the sea and withstanding -the waves, but only for the purpose, forsooth, of subduing<a id="FNanchor_2231_2231"></a><a href="#Footnote_2231_2231" class="fnanchor">2231</a> -the body for the exercises of the palestra! At all events, -it was for this purpose that it used to be brought over for -Patrobius,<a id="FNanchor_2232_2232"></a><a href="#Footnote_2232_2232" class="fnanchor">2232</a> a freedman of the Emperor Nero. I find it stated -also, that Craterus, Leonnatus, and Meleager, generals of Alexander -the Great, had this sand transported along with their -munitions of war. But I forbear to enlarge any further upon -this subject; or indeed, by Hercules! upon those preparations -of earth and wax of which the ceromata are made, so much -employed by our youth in their exercises of the body, at the -cost of all vigour of the mind.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_48"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 48. (14.)—FORMACEAN WALLS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>And then, besides, have we not in Africa and in Spain -walls<a id="FNanchor_2233_2233"></a><a href="#Footnote_2233_2233" class="fnanchor">2233</a> of earth, known as “formacean” walls? from the fact -that they are moulded, rather than built, by enclosing earth -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_290">290</a></span>within a frame of boards, constructed on either side. These -walls will last for centuries, are proof against rain, wind, and -fire, and are superior in solidity to any cement. Even at this -day, Spain still beholds watch-towers that were erected by -Hannibal, and turrets of earth<a id="FNanchor_2234_2234"></a><a href="#Footnote_2234_2234" class="fnanchor">2234</a> placed on the very summits of -her mountains. It is from the same source, too, that we derive -the substantial materials so well adapted for forming the -earth-works of our camps and embankments against the impetuous -violence of rivers. What person, too, is unacquainted -with the fact, that partitions are made of hurdles coated with -clay, and that walls are constructed of unbaked bricks?</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_49"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 49.—WALLS OF BRICK. THE METHOD OF MAKING BRICKS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Earth for making bricks should never be extracted from a -sandy or gravelly soil, and still less from one that is stony; -but from a stratum that is white and cretaceous, or else impregnated -with red earth.<a id="FNanchor_2235_2235"></a><a href="#Footnote_2235_2235" class="fnanchor">2235</a> If a sandy soil must be employed -for the purpose, it should at least be male<a id="FNanchor_2236_2236"></a><a href="#Footnote_2236_2236" class="fnanchor">2236</a> sand, and no other. -The spring is the best season for making bricks, as at midsummer -they are very apt to crack. For building, bricks two -years old are the only ones that are approved of; and the -wrought material of them should be well macerated before -they are made.</p> - -<p>There are three different kinds of bricks; the Lydian, which -is in use with us, a foot-and-a-half in length by a foot in -breadth; the tetradoron; and the pentadoron; the word “doron” -being used by the ancient Greeks to signify the palm<a id="FNanchor_2237_2237"></a><a href="#Footnote_2237_2237" class="fnanchor">2237</a>—hence, -too, their word “doron” meaning a gift, because it is the -hand that gives.—These last two kinds, therefore, are named -respectively from their being four and five palms in length, -the breadth being the same. The smaller kind is used in -Greece for private buildings, the larger for the construction of -public edifices. At Pitane,<a id="FNanchor_2238_2238"></a><a href="#Footnote_2238_2238" class="fnanchor">2238</a> in Asia, and in the cities of Muxilua -and Calentum in Farther Spain, there are bricks<a id="FNanchor_2239_2239"></a><a href="#Footnote_2239_2239" class="fnanchor">2239</a> made, -which float in water, when dry; the material being a sort of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_291">291</a></span>pumice-earth, extremely good for the purpose when it can be -made to unite. The Greeks have always preferred walls of -brick, except in those cases where they could find silicious -stone for the purposes of building: for walls of this nature -will last for ever, if they are only built on the perpendicular. -Hence it is, that the Greeks have built their public edifices and -the palaces of their kings of brick; the wall at Athens, for -example, which faces Mount Hymettus; the Temples of -Jupiter and Hercules at Patræ,<a id="FNanchor_2240_2240"></a><a href="#Footnote_2240_2240" class="fnanchor">2240</a> although the columns and -architraves in the interior are of stone; the palace of King -Attalus at Tralles; the palace of Crœsus at Sardes, now converted -into an asylum<a id="FNanchor_2241_2241"></a><a href="#Footnote_2241_2241" class="fnanchor">2241</a> for aged persons; and that of King -Mausolus at Halicarnassus; edifices, all of them, still in existence.</p> - -<p>Muræna and Varro, in their ædileship, had a fine fresco painting, -on the plaster of a wall at Lacedæmon, cut away from -the bricks, and transported in wooden frames to Rome, for the -purpose of adorning the Comitium. Admirable as the work -was of itself, it was still more admired after being thus transferred. -In Italy also there are walls of brick, at Arretium -and Mevania.<a id="FNanchor_2242_2242"></a><a href="#Footnote_2242_2242" class="fnanchor">2242</a> At Rome, there are no buildings of this description, -because a wall only a foot-and-a-half in thickness -would not support more than a single story; and by public -ordinance it has been enacted that no partition should exceed -that thickness; nor, indeed, does the peculiar construction of -our party-walls admit of it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_50"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 50. (15.)—SULPHUR, AND THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT: -FOURTEEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Let thus much be deemed sufficient on the subject of bricks. -Among the other kinds of earth, the one of the most singular -nature, perhaps, is sulphur, an agent of great power upon other -substances. Sulphur is found in the Æolian Islands, between -Sicily and Italy, which are volcanic, as already<a id="FNanchor_2243_2243"></a><a href="#Footnote_2243_2243" class="fnanchor">2243</a> stated. But -the finest sulphur of all, is that which comes from the Isle of -Melos. It is obtained also in Italy, upon the range of hills in -the territories of Neapolis and Campania, known as the Leucogæi:<a id="FNanchor_2244_2244"></a><a href="#Footnote_2244_2244" class="fnanchor">2244</a> -when extracted from the mines there, it is purified by -the agency of fire.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_292">292</a></span>There are four kinds of sulphur; the first of which is “live” -sulphur, known as “apyron”<a id="FNanchor_2245_2245"></a><a href="#Footnote_2245_2245" class="fnanchor">2245</a> by the Greeks, and found in solid -masses, or in other words, in blocks. This, too, is the only sulphur -that is extracted in its native state, the others being found in a -state of liquescence, and requiring to be purified by being boiled -in oil. This kind is green and transparent, and is the only -sulphur that is used for medicinal purposes. A second kind is -known as the “glebaceous”<a id="FNanchor_2246_2246"></a><a href="#Footnote_2246_2246" class="fnanchor">2246</a> sulphur, and is solely employed in -the workshops of the fullers. The third kind, also, is only used -for a single purpose, that of fumigating wool, a process which -contributes very greatly to making the wool white and soft; -“egula”<a href="#Footnote_2246_2246" class="fnanchor">2246</a> is the name given to it. The fourth kind is used -in the preparation of matches more particularly.</p> - -<p>In addition to these several uses, sulphur is of such remarkable -virtue, that if it is thrown upon the fire it will at once -detect, by the smell, whether or not a person is subject to -epilepsy. Anaxilaüs used to employ this substance by way -of pastime: putting sulphur in a cup of wine, with some -hot coals beneath, he would hand it round to the guests, the -light given by it, while burning, throwing a ghastly paleness -like that of death upon the face of each. Its properties are calorific -and maturative, in addition to which, it disperses abscesses -on the body: hence it is that it is used as an ingredient in -plasters and emollient poultices. Applied to the loins and -kidneys, with grease, when there are pains in those parts, it -is marvellously effectual as a remedy. In combination with -turpentine, it removes lichens on the face, and leprosy,<a id="FNanchor_2247_2247"></a><a href="#Footnote_2247_2247" class="fnanchor">2247</a> the -preparation being known as “harpax,”<a id="FNanchor_2248_2248"></a><a href="#Footnote_2248_2248" class="fnanchor">2248</a> from the celerity -with which it acts upon the skin; for which reason it ought to -be removed every now and then. Employed as an electuary, it is -good for asthma, purulent expectorations, and stings inflicted -by scorpions. Live sulphur, mixed with nitre, and then bruised -with vinegar and applied, causes morphew to disappear, and -destroys nits in the hair; in combination, too, with sandarach -and vinegar, it is good for diseases of the eyelids.</p> - -<p>Sulphur has its place among our religious ceremonies, being -used as a fumigation for purifying houses.<a id="FNanchor_2249_2249"></a><a href="#Footnote_2249_2249" class="fnanchor">2249</a> Its virtues are -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_293">293</a></span>also to be perceived in certain hot mineral waters;<a id="FNanchor_2250_2250"></a><a href="#Footnote_2250_2250" class="fnanchor">2250</a> and there -is no substance that ignites more readily, a proof that there is -in it a great affinity to fire. Lightning and thunder are attended -with a strong smell of sulphur, and the light produced -by them is of a sulphureous complexion.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_51"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 51.—BITUMEN, AND THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT; -TWENTY-SEVEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Nearly approaching to the nature of sulphur is that of bitumen,<a id="FNanchor_2251_2251"></a><a href="#Footnote_2251_2251" class="fnanchor">2251</a> -which in some places assumes the form of a slime, and -in others that of an earth; a slime, thrown up, as already<a id="FNanchor_2252_2252"></a><a href="#Footnote_2252_2252" class="fnanchor">2252</a> -stated, by a certain lake in Judæa, and an earth, found in the -vicinity of Sidon, a maritime town of Syria. In both these -states, it admits of being thickened and condensed. There -is also a liquid<a id="FNanchor_2253_2253"></a><a href="#Footnote_2253_2253" class="fnanchor">2253</a> bitumen, that of Zacynthus, for example, and -the bitumen that is imported from Babylon; which last kind -is also white: the bitumen, too, of Apollonia is liquid. All -these kinds, in Greek, have the one general name of “pissasphaltos,”<a id="FNanchor_2254_2254"></a><a href="#Footnote_2254_2254" class="fnanchor">2254</a> -from their strong resemblance to a compound of -pitch and bitumen. There is also found an unctuous liquid -bitumen, resembling oil, in a spring at Agrigentum, in Sicily, -the waters of which are tainted by it. The inhabitants of the -spot collect it on the panicles of reeds, to which it very readily -adheres, and make use of it for burning in lamps, as a substitute -for oil, as also for the cure of itch-scab in beasts of -burden.</p> - -<p>Some authorities include among the bitumens, naphtha, a substance -which we have already mentioned in the Second Book;<a id="FNanchor_2255_2255"></a><a href="#Footnote_2255_2255" class="fnanchor">2255</a> -but the burning properties which it possesses, and its susceptibility -of igniting, render it quite unfit for use. Bitumen, -to be of good quality, should be extremely brilliant, heavy, -and massive; it should also be moderately smooth, it being -very much the practice to adulterate it with pitch. Its medicinal -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_294">294</a></span>properties are similar to those of sulphur, it being naturally -astringent, dispersive, contractive, and agglutinating: ignited, -it drives away serpents by the smell. Babylonian bitumen is -very efficacious, it is said, for the cure of cataract and albugo, -as also of leprosy, lichens, and pruriginous affections. Bitumen -is employed, too, in the form of a liniment, for gout; and -every variety of it is useful for making bandolines for eye-lashes -that are refractory and impede the sight. Applied topically -with nitre,<a id="FNanchor_2256_2256"></a><a href="#Footnote_2256_2256" class="fnanchor">2256</a> it is curative of tooth-ache, and, taken internally, -with wine, it alleviates chronic coughs and difficulty -of respiration. It is administered in a similar manner for -dysentery, and is very good for arresting looseness of the -bowels. Taken internally with vinegar, it dissolves and brings -away coagulated blood. It modifies pains also in the loins -and joints, and, applied with barley-meal, it forms a peculiar -kind of plaster, to which it has given its name.<a id="FNanchor_2257_2257"></a><a href="#Footnote_2257_2257" class="fnanchor">2257</a> It stanches -blood also, heals wounds, and unites the sinews when severed. -Bitumen is administered for quartan fevers, in doses of one -drachma to an equal quantity of hedyosmos,<a id="FNanchor_2258_2258"></a><a href="#Footnote_2258_2258" class="fnanchor">2258</a> the whole kneaded -up with one obolus of myrrh. The smell of burnt bitumen -detects a tendency to epilepsy, and, applied to the -nostrils with wine and castoreum,<a id="FNanchor_2259_2259"></a><a href="#Footnote_2259_2259" class="fnanchor">2259</a> it dispels suffocations of -the uterus. Employed as a fumigation, it acts as a check upon -procidence of the uterus, and, taken internally with wine, it -has the effect of an emmenagogue.</p> - -<p>Another use that is made of it, is for coating the inside -of copper vessels, it rendering them proof against the action -of fire. It has been already<a id="FNanchor_2260_2260"></a><a href="#Footnote_2260_2260" class="fnanchor">2260</a> stated that bitumen was formerly -employed for staining copper and coating statues. It has been -used, too, as a substitute for lime; the walls of Babylon, for -instance, which are cemented with it. In the smithies they are -in the habit of varnishing iron and heads of nails with it, and -of using it for many other purposes as well.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_52"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 52.—ALUMEN, AND THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT; -THIRTY-EIGHT REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Not less important, or indeed very dissimilar, are the uses -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_295">295</a></span>that are made of alumen;<a id="FNanchor_2261_2261"></a><a href="#Footnote_2261_2261" class="fnanchor">2261</a> by which name is understood a -sort of brine<a id="FNanchor_2262_2262"></a><a href="#Footnote_2262_2262" class="fnanchor">2262</a> which exudes from the earth. Of this, too, -there are several kinds. In Cyprus there is a white alumen, -and another kind of a darker colour. The difference, however, -in their colour is but trifling in reality, though the uses made -of them are very dissimilar; the white liquid alumen being -employed for dyeing<a id="FNanchor_2263_2263"></a><a href="#Footnote_2263_2263" class="fnanchor">2263</a> wool of bright colours, and the black, -on the other hand, for giving wool a tawny or a sombre tint. -Gold, too, is purified<a id="FNanchor_2264_2264"></a><a href="#Footnote_2264_2264" class="fnanchor">2264</a> by the agency of black alumen. Every -kind of alumen is a compound of slime and water, or in other -words, is a liquid product exuding from the earth; the concretion -of it commencing in winter, and being completed by the -action of the summer sun. That portion of it which is the -first matured, is the whitest in appearance.</p> - -<p>The countries which produce this substance, are Spain, -Ægypt, Armenia, Macedonia, Pontus, Africa,<a id="FNanchor_2265_2265"></a><a href="#Footnote_2265_2265" class="fnanchor">2265</a> and the islands -of Sardinia, Melos, Lipara, and Strongyle:<a id="FNanchor_2266_2266"></a><a href="#Footnote_2266_2266" class="fnanchor">2266</a> the most esteemed, -however, is that of Egypt,<a id="FNanchor_2267_2267"></a><a href="#Footnote_2267_2267" class="fnanchor">2267</a> the next best being the -produce of Melos. Of this last kind there are also two -varieties, the liquid alumen, and the solid. Liquid alumen, -to be good, should be of a limpid, milky, appearance: when -rubbed between the fingers it should be free from grit, and -productive of a slight sensation of heat. The name given to it -is “phorimon.”<a id="FNanchor_2268_2268"></a><a href="#Footnote_2268_2268" class="fnanchor">2268</a> The mode of detecting whether or not it has -been adulterated, is by the application of pomegranate-juice; -for if genuine, it will turn black on combining with the -juice. The other, or solid alumen, is pale and rough in appearance, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_296">296</a></span>and turns black on the application of nut-galls; for -which reason it is known by the name of “paraphoron.”<a id="FNanchor_2269_2269"></a><a href="#Footnote_2269_2269" class="fnanchor">2269</a></p> - -<p>Liquid alumen is naturally astringent, indurative, and corrosive: -used in combination with honey, it heals ulcerations of -the mouth, pimples, and pruriginous eruptions. The remedy, -when thus used, is employed in the bath, the proportions -being two parts of honey to one of alumen. It has the effect, -also, of checking and dispersing perspiration, and of neutralizing -offensive odours of the arm-pits. It is taken too, in -the form of pills, for affections of the spleen, and for the purpose -of carrying off blood by the urine: incorporated with nitre -and melanthium,<a id="FNanchor_2270_2270"></a><a href="#Footnote_2270_2270" class="fnanchor">2270</a> it is curative of itch-scab.</p> - -<p>There is one kind of solid alumen, known to the Greeks as -“schiston,”<a id="FNanchor_2271_2271"></a><a href="#Footnote_2271_2271" class="fnanchor">2271</a> which splits into filaments of a whitish colour; -for which reason some have preferred giving it the name of -“trichitis.”<a id="FNanchor_2272_2272"></a><a href="#Footnote_2272_2272" class="fnanchor">2272</a> It is produced from the mineral ore known to -us as “chalcitis,”<a id="FNanchor_2273_2273"></a><a href="#Footnote_2273_2273" class="fnanchor">2273</a> from which copper is also produced, it -being a sort of exudation from that mineral, coagulated into -the form of scum. This kind of alumen is less desiccative -than the others, and is not so useful as a check upon bad -humours of the body. Used, however, either in the form of a -liniment or of an injection, it is highly beneficial to the ears; -as also for ulcerations of the mouth, and for tooth-ache, if -retained with the saliva in the mouth. It is employed also -as a serviceable ingredient in compositions for the eyes, and -for the generative organs in either sex. The mode of preparing -it is to roast it in crucibles, until it has quite lost its -liquid form.</p> - -<p>There is another variety of alumen also, of a less active nature, -and known as “strongyle;”<a id="FNanchor_2274_2274"></a><a href="#Footnote_2274_2274" class="fnanchor">2274</a> which is again subdivided -into two kinds; the fungous, which easily dissolves in any -liquid, and is looked upon as altogether worthless; and the -porous, which is full of small holes like a sponge, and in -pieces of a globular form, more nearly approaching white -alumen in appearance. It has a certain degree, too, of unctuousness, -is free from grit, friable, and not apt to blacken the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_297">297</a></span>fingers. This last kind is calcined by itself upon hot coals, -unmixed with any other substance, until it is entirely reduced -to ashes.</p> - -<p>The best kind of all, however, is that called “molinum,”<a id="FNanchor_2275_2275"></a><a href="#Footnote_2275_2275" class="fnanchor">2275</a> -as coming from the Isle of Melos, as already mentioned; none -being more effectual for acting as an astringent, staining -black, and indurating, and none assuming a closer consistency. -It removes granulations of the eye-lids, and, in a calcined state, -is still more efficacious for checking defluxions of the eyes: -in this last form, too, it is employed for the cure of pruriginous -eruptions on the body. Whether taken internally, or -employed externally, it arrests discharges of blood; and if it is -applied with vinegar to a part from which the hair has been -first removed, it will change into a soft down the hair which -replaces it. The leading property of every kind of alumen is -its remarkable astringency, to which, in fact, it is indebted for -its name<a id="FNanchor_2276_2276"></a><a href="#Footnote_2276_2276" class="fnanchor">2276</a> with the Greeks. It is for this property that the -various kinds are, all of them, so remarkably good for the -eyes. In combination with grease, they arrest discharges of -blood; and they are employed in a similar manner for checking -the spread of putrid ulcers, and for removing sores upon -the bodies of infants.</p> - -<p>Alumen has a desiccative effect upon dropsical eruptions; -and, in combination with pomegranate juice, it removes diseases -of the ears, malformed nails, indurations resulting from -cicatrization, hangnails, and chilblains. Calcined, with vinegar -or nut-galls, in equal proportions, it is curative of phagedænic -ulcers; and, in combination with extracted juice of -cabbage, of leprosy. Used in the proportion of one part of -alumen to two of salt, it arrests the progress of serpiginous -eruptions; and an infusion of it in water destroys lice and -other parasitical insects that infest the hair. Employed in a -similar manner, it is good for burns; and, in combination with -the serous<a id="FNanchor_2277_2277"></a><a href="#Footnote_2277_2277" class="fnanchor">2277</a> part of pitch, for furfuraceous eruptions on the -body. It is used also as an injection for dysentery, and, employed -in the form of a gargle, it braces the uvula and tonsillary -glands. For all those maladies which we have mentioned -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_298">298</a></span>as being treated with the other kinds of alumen, that -imported from Melos, be it understood, is still more efficacious. -As to the other uses that are made of it for industrial purposes, -such as preparing hides and wool, for example, they -have been mentioned already.<a id="FNanchor_2278_2278"></a><a href="#Footnote_2278_2278" class="fnanchor">2278</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_53"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 53. (16.)—SAMIAN EARTH: THREE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In succession to these, we shall now have to speak of -various other kinds of earth<a id="FNanchor_2279_2279"></a><a href="#Footnote_2279_2279" class="fnanchor">2279</a> which are made use of in -medicine.</p> - -<p>Of Samian earth there are two varieties; one known as -“collyrium,”<a id="FNanchor_2280_2280"></a><a href="#Footnote_2280_2280" class="fnanchor">2280</a> the other by the name of “aster.”<a id="FNanchor_2281_2281"></a><a href="#Footnote_2281_2281" class="fnanchor">2281</a> To be in -perfection, the first kind should be fresh, remarkably smooth, -and glutinous to the tongue; the second being of a more -solid consistency, and white. They are both prepared for use -by being calcined and then rinsed in water, some persons -giving the preference to the first. They are both of them -useful for discharges of blood from the mouth, and are employed -as an ingredient in plasters of a desiccative nature. -They are used also in the preparation of ophthalmic compositions.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_54"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 54.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF ERETRIA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Of eretria, or Eretrian<a id="FNanchor_2282_2282"></a><a href="#Footnote_2282_2282" class="fnanchor">2282</a> earth, there are also the same number -of varieties; one white, and the other of an ashy colour, this -last being preferred in medicine. To be good, this earth -should be of a soft consistency, and when rubbed upon copper -it should leave a violet tint. The virtues of eretria in a medicinal -point of view, and the methods of using it, have been -already mentioned<a id="FNanchor_2283_2283"></a><a href="#Footnote_2283_2283" class="fnanchor">2283</a> in our description of the pigments.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_55"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 55.—THE METHOD OF WASHING EARTHS FOR MEDICINAL -PURPOSES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>All these earths—for we will take the present opportunity -of mentioning it—are well washed in water, and then dried -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_299">299</a></span>in the sun; after which, they are again triturated in water, -and left to settle: this done, they are divided into tablets. -They are usually boiled in earthen vessels, which are well -shaken every now and then.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_56"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 56.—CHIAN EARTH; THREE REMEDIES. SELINUSIAN EARTH; -THREE REMEDIES. PNIGITIS; NINE REMEDIES. AMPELITIS; FOUR -REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Among the medicinal substances, there is the white earth of -Chios also, the properties of which are the same as those of -Samian earth. It is used more particularly as a cosmetic for -the skin of females; the Selinusian<a id="FNanchor_2284_2284"></a><a href="#Footnote_2284_2284" class="fnanchor">2284</a> earth being also employed -for a similar purpose. This last is of a milk-white colour, -and melts very rapidly in water: dissolved in milk, it is employed -for whitening the plaster coats on walls. Pnigitis<a id="FNanchor_2285_2285"></a><a href="#Footnote_2285_2285" class="fnanchor">2285</a> is -very similar to Eretrian earth, only that it is found in larger -masses, and is of a glutinous consistency. Its effects are -similar to those produced by Cimolian<a id="FNanchor_2286_2286"></a><a href="#Footnote_2286_2286" class="fnanchor">2286</a> earth, but are not so -energetic.</p> - -<p>Ampelitis<a id="FNanchor_2287_2287"></a><a href="#Footnote_2287_2287" class="fnanchor">2287</a> is an earth which bears a strong resemblance to -bitumen. The test of its goodness is its dissolving in oil, like -wax, and preserving its black colour when submitted to the -action of fire. Its properties are emollient and repercussive; -for which reason, it is used in medicinal compositions, those -known as “calliblephara,”<a id="FNanchor_2288_2288"></a><a href="#Footnote_2288_2288" class="fnanchor">2288</a> more particularly, and in preparations -for dyeing the hair.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_57"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 57. (17.)—CRETACEOUS EARTHS USER FOR SCOURING CLOTH. -CIMOLIAN EARTH; NINE REMEDIES. SARDINIAN EARTH. UMBRIAN -EARTH. SAXUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Of cretaceous<a id="FNanchor_2289_2289"></a><a href="#Footnote_2289_2289" class="fnanchor">2289</a> earths there are several varieties; and among -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_300">300</a></span>them, two kinds of Cimolian earth, employed in medicine, the -one white and the other inclining to the tint of purpurissum.<a id="FNanchor_2290_2290"></a><a href="#Footnote_2290_2290" class="fnanchor">2290</a> -Both kinds, moistened with vinegar, have the effect of dispersing -tumours and arresting defluxions. They are curative -also of inflammatory swellings and imposthumes of the parotid -glands; and, applied topically, they are good for affections of -the spleen and pustules on the body. With the addition of -aphronitrum,<a id="FNanchor_2291_2291"></a><a href="#Footnote_2291_2291" class="fnanchor">2291</a> oil of cypros,<a id="FNanchor_2292_2292"></a><a href="#Footnote_2292_2292" class="fnanchor">2292</a> and vinegar, they reduce -swellings of the feet, care being taken to apply the lotion in -the sun, and at the end of six hours to wash it off with salt -and water. In combination with wax and oil of cypros, -Cimolian earth is good for swellings of the testes.</p> - -<p>Cretaceous earths, too, are of a cooling tendency, and, -applied to the body in the form of a liniment, they act as a -check upon excessive perspiration: taken with wine, in the -bath, they remove pimples on the body. The most esteemed -of all these earths is that of Thessaly: it is found also in the -vicinity of Bubon<a id="FNanchor_2293_2293"></a><a href="#Footnote_2293_2293" class="fnanchor">2293</a> in Lycia.</p> - -<p>Cimolian earth is used also for another purpose, that of -scouring cloth. As to the kind which is brought from Sardinia, -and is known as “sarda,” it is used for white tissues -only, and is never employed for coloured cloths. Indeed, this -last is held in the lowest estimation of all the Cimolian earths; -whereas, that of Umbria is more highly esteemed, as also the -kind generally known as “saxum.”<a id="FNanchor_2294_2294"></a><a href="#Footnote_2294_2294" class="fnanchor">2294</a> It is a property of -this last to increase in weight<a id="FNanchor_2295_2295"></a><a href="#Footnote_2295_2295" class="fnanchor">2295</a> by maceration, and it is by -weight that it is usually sold, Sardinian earth being sold by -measure. Umbrian earth is only used for giving lustre to -cloths.</p> - -<p>It will not be deemed out of place to give some further -account here of this process, there being still in existence the -Metilian Law, relative to fullers; an enactment which C. -Flaminius and L. Æmilius, in their censorship,<a id="FNanchor_2296_2296"></a><a href="#Footnote_2296_2296" class="fnanchor">2296</a> had passed by -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_301">301</a></span>the people,<a id="FNanchor_2297_2297"></a><a href="#Footnote_2297_2297" class="fnanchor">2297</a> so attentive to everything were our ancestors. -The following then is the method employed in preparing -cloth: it is first washed in an infusion of Sardinian earth, and -is then exposed to a fumigation with sulphur. This done, it is -scoured<a id="FNanchor_2298_2298"></a><a href="#Footnote_2298_2298" class="fnanchor">2298</a> with Cimolian earth, when the cloth has been found -to be of a genuine colour; it being very soon detected when it -has been coloured with spurious materials, by its turning -black and the colours becoming dispersed<a id="FNanchor_2299_2299"></a><a href="#Footnote_2299_2299" class="fnanchor">2299</a> by the action of the -sulphur. Where the colours are genuine and rich, they are -softened by the application of Cimolian earth; which brightens -and freshens them also when they have been rendered sombre -by the action of the sulphur. Saxum is better for white tissues, -after the application of sulphur, but to coloured cloths it is -highly injurious.<a id="FNanchor_2300_2300"></a><a href="#Footnote_2300_2300" class="fnanchor">2300</a> In Greece they use Tymphæan<a id="FNanchor_2301_2301"></a><a href="#Footnote_2301_2301" class="fnanchor">2301</a> gypsum in -place of Cimolian earth.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_58"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 58.—ARGENTARIA. NAMES OF FREEDMEN WHO HAVE -EITHER RISEN TO POWER THEMSELVES, OR HAVE BELONGED TO -MEN OF INFLUENCE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is another cretaceous earth, known as “argentaria,”<a id="FNanchor_2302_2302"></a><a href="#Footnote_2302_2302" class="fnanchor">2302</a> -from the brightness<a id="FNanchor_2303_2303"></a><a href="#Footnote_2303_2303" class="fnanchor">2303</a> which it imparts to silver. There is also -the most inferior kind of chalk; which was used by the -ancients for tracing the line of victory<a id="FNanchor_2304_2304"></a><a href="#Footnote_2304_2304" class="fnanchor">2304</a> in the Circus, and for -marking the feet of slaves on sale, that were brought from -beyond sea. Such, for instance, were Publilius<a id="FNanchor_2305_2305"></a><a href="#Footnote_2305_2305" class="fnanchor">2305</a> Lochius, the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_302">302</a></span>founder of our mimic scenes; his cousin, Manilius Antiochus,<a id="FNanchor_2306_2306"></a><a href="#Footnote_2306_2306" class="fnanchor">2306</a> -the first cultivator of astronomy; and Staberius Eros, our first -grammarian; all three of whom our ancestors saw brought -over in the same ship.<a id="FNanchor_2307_2307"></a><a href="#Footnote_2307_2307" class="fnanchor">2307</a></p> - -<p>(18.) But why mention these names, recommended as they are -by the literary honours which they acquired? Other instances -too, Rome has beheld of persons rising to high positions from -the slave-market;<a id="FNanchor_2308_2308"></a><a href="#Footnote_2308_2308" class="fnanchor">2308</a> Chrysogonus, for example, the freedman -of Sylla; Amphion, the freedman of Q. Catulus; the man who -was the keeper<a id="FNanchor_2309_2309"></a><a href="#Footnote_2309_2309" class="fnanchor">2309</a> of Lucullus; Demetrius, the freedman of Pompeius, -and Auge, the freedwoman of Demetrius,<a id="FNanchor_2310_2310"></a><a href="#Footnote_2310_2310" class="fnanchor">2310</a> or else of -Pompeius himself, as some have supposed; Hipparchus, the -freedman of M. Antonius; as also, Menas<a id="FNanchor_2311_2311"></a><a href="#Footnote_2311_2311" class="fnanchor">2311</a> and Menecrates,<a id="FNanchor_2312_2312"></a><a href="#Footnote_2312_2312" class="fnanchor">2312</a> -freedmen of Sextus Pompeius, and many others as well, whom -it would be superfluous to enumerate, and who have enriched -themselves at the cost of Roman blood, and the licence that -results from proscription.</p> - -<p>Such is the mark that is set upon those droves of slaves -which we see on sale, such the opprobrium thrown upon them -by a capricious fortune! And yet, some of these very men have -we beheld in the enjoyment of such power and influence, that -the senate itself has decreed them—at the command of Agrippina,<a id="FNanchor_2313_2313"></a><a href="#Footnote_2313_2313" class="fnanchor">2313</a> -wife of the Emperor Claudius—the decorations even of -the prætorship: all but honoured with the fasces and their -laurels, in fact, and sent back in state to the very place from -which they originally came, with their feet whitened with the -slave-dealer’s chalk!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_303">303</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_59"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 59. (19.)—THE EARTH OF GALATA; OF CLYPEA; OF THE -BALEARES; AND OF EBUSUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In addition to these, there are various other kinds of earth, -endowed with peculiar properties of their own, and which have -been already mentioned on former occasions.<a id="FNanchor_2314_2314"></a><a href="#Footnote_2314_2314" class="fnanchor">2314</a> We may, -however, take the present opportunity of again remarking the -following properties. The earth of the island of Galata and of -the vicinity of Clypea, in Africa, is fatal to scorpions; and that -of the Balearic Islands and of Ebusus kills serpents.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Summary.</span>—Remedies, narratives, and observations, nine -hundred and fifty-six.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Roman Authors quoted.</span>—Messala<a id="FNanchor_2315_2315"></a><a href="#Footnote_2315_2315" class="fnanchor">2315</a> the Orator, the Elder -Messala,<a id="FNanchor_2316_2316"></a><a href="#Footnote_2316_2316" class="fnanchor">2316</a> Fenestella,<a id="FNanchor_2317_2317"></a><a href="#Footnote_2317_2317" class="fnanchor">2317</a> Atticus,<a id="FNanchor_2318_2318"></a><a href="#Footnote_2318_2318" class="fnanchor">2318</a> M. Varro,<a id="FNanchor_2319_2319"></a><a href="#Footnote_2319_2319" class="fnanchor">2319</a> Verrius,<a id="FNanchor_2320_2320"></a><a href="#Footnote_2320_2320" class="fnanchor">2320</a> Cornelius -Nepos,<a id="FNanchor_2321_2321"></a><a href="#Footnote_2321_2321" class="fnanchor">2321</a> Deculo,<a id="FNanchor_2322_2322"></a><a href="#Footnote_2322_2322" class="fnanchor">2322</a> Mucianus,<a id="FNanchor_2323_2323"></a><a href="#Footnote_2323_2323" class="fnanchor">2323</a> Melissus,<a id="FNanchor_2324_2324"></a><a href="#Footnote_2324_2324" class="fnanchor">2324</a> Vitruvius,<a id="FNanchor_2325_2325"></a><a href="#Footnote_2325_2325" class="fnanchor">2325</a> Cassius -Severus Longulanus,<a id="FNanchor_2326_2326"></a><a href="#Footnote_2326_2326" class="fnanchor">2326</a> Fabius Vestalis,<a id="FNanchor_2327_2327"></a><a href="#Footnote_2327_2327" class="fnanchor">2327</a> who wrote on Painting.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Foreign Authors quoted.</span>—Pasiteles,<a id="FNanchor_2328_2328"></a><a href="#Footnote_2328_2328" class="fnanchor">2328</a> Apelles,<a id="FNanchor_2329_2329"></a><a href="#Footnote_2329_2329" class="fnanchor">2329</a> Melanthius,<a id="FNanchor_2330_2330"></a><a href="#Footnote_2330_2330" class="fnanchor">2330</a> -Asclepiodorus,<a id="FNanchor_2331_2331"></a><a href="#Footnote_2331_2331" class="fnanchor">2331</a> Euphranor,<a id="FNanchor_2332_2332"></a><a href="#Footnote_2332_2332" class="fnanchor">2332</a> Heliodorus,<a id="FNanchor_2333_2333"></a><a href="#Footnote_2333_2333" class="fnanchor">2333</a> who wrote -on the Votive Offerings of the Athenians, Metrodorus,<a id="FNanchor_2334_2334"></a><a href="#Footnote_2334_2334" class="fnanchor">2334</a> who -wrote on Architecture, Democritus,<a id="FNanchor_2335_2335"></a><a href="#Footnote_2335_2335" class="fnanchor">2335</a> Theophrastus,<a id="FNanchor_2336_2336"></a><a href="#Footnote_2336_2336" class="fnanchor">2336</a> Apion<a id="FNanchor_2337_2337"></a><a href="#Footnote_2337_2337" class="fnanchor">2337</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_304">304</a></span>the grammarian, who wrote on the Medicines derived from -Metals, Nymphodorus,<a id="FNanchor_2338_2338"></a><a href="#Footnote_2338_2338" class="fnanchor">2338</a> Iollas,<a id="FNanchor_2339_2339"></a><a href="#Footnote_2339_2339" class="fnanchor">2339</a> Apollodorus,<a id="FNanchor_2340_2340"></a><a href="#Footnote_2340_2340" class="fnanchor">2340</a> Andreas,<a id="FNanchor_2341_2341"></a><a href="#Footnote_2341_2341" class="fnanchor">2341</a> -Heraclides,<a id="FNanchor_2342_2342"></a><a href="#Footnote_2342_2342" class="fnanchor">2342</a> Diagoras,<a id="FNanchor_2343_2343"></a><a href="#Footnote_2343_2343" class="fnanchor">2343</a> Botrys,<a id="FNanchor_2344_2344"></a><a href="#Footnote_2344_2344" class="fnanchor">2344</a> Archidemus,<a id="FNanchor_2345_2345"></a><a href="#Footnote_2345_2345" class="fnanchor">2345</a> Dionysius,<a id="FNanchor_2346_2346"></a><a href="#Footnote_2346_2346" class="fnanchor">2346</a> -Aristogenes,<a id="FNanchor_2347_2347"></a><a href="#Footnote_2347_2347" class="fnanchor">2347</a> Democles,<a id="FNanchor_2348_2348"></a><a href="#Footnote_2348_2348" class="fnanchor">2348</a> Mnesides,<a id="FNanchor_2349_2349"></a><a href="#Footnote_2349_2349" class="fnanchor">2349</a> Xenocrates<a id="FNanchor_2350_2350"></a><a href="#Footnote_2350_2350" class="fnanchor">2350</a> the son of -Zeno, Theomnestus.<a id="FNanchor_2351_2351"></a><a href="#Footnote_2351_2351" class="fnanchor">2351</a></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_305">305</a></span></p> -<h2 id="BOOK_XXXVI">BOOK XXXVI.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">THE NATURAL HISTORY OF STONES.</span></h2></div> - -<h3 class="section nobreak" id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_1"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 1. (1.)—LUXURY DISPLAYED IN THE USE OF VARIOUS KINDS -OF MARBLE.</span></h3> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">It</span> now remains for us to speak of stones, or, in other words, -the leading folly of the day; to say nothing at all of our taste -for gems and amber, crystal and murrhine vases.<a id="FNanchor_2352_2352"></a><a href="#Footnote_2352_2352" class="fnanchor">2352</a> For everything -of which we have previously treated, down to the -present Book, may, by some possibility or other, have the appearance -of having been created for the sake of man: but as -to the mountains, Nature has made those for herself, as a kind -of bulwark for keeping together the bowels of the earth; as -also for the purpose of curbing the violence of the rivers, of -breaking the waves of the sea, and so, by opposing to them -the very hardest of her materials, putting a check upon those -elements which are never at rest. And yet we must hew -down these mountains, forsooth, and carry them off; and this, -for no other reason than to gratify our luxurious inclinations: -heights which in former days it was reckoned a miracle even to -have crossed!</p> - -<p>Our forefathers regarded as a prodigy the passage of the -Alps, first by Hannibal,<a id="FNanchor_2353_2353"></a><a href="#Footnote_2353_2353" class="fnanchor">2353</a> and, more recently, by the Cimbri: -but at the present day, these very mountains are cut asunder -to yield us a thousand different marbles, promontories are -thrown open to the sea, and the face of Nature is being everywhere -reduced to a level. We now carry away the barriers -that were destined for the separation of one nation from -another; we construct ships for the transport of our marbles; -and, amid the waves, the most boisterous element of Nature, -we convey the summits of the mountains to and fro: a thing, -however, that is even less unpardonable than to go on the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_306">306</a></span>search amid the regions of the clouds for vessels<a id="FNanchor_2354_2354"></a><a href="#Footnote_2354_2354" class="fnanchor">2354</a> with which -to cool our draughts, and to excavate rocks, towering to the -very heavens, in order that we may have the satisfaction of -drinking from ice! Let each reflect, when he hears of the -high prices set upon these things, when he sees these ponderous -masses carted and carried away, how many there are whose -life is passed far more happily without them. For what -utility or for what so-called pleasure do mortals make themselves -the agents, or, more truly speaking, the victims of such -undertakings, except in order that others may take their repose -in the midst of variegated stones? Just as though too, the -shades of night, which occupy one half of each man’s existence, -would forbear to curtail these imaginary delights.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_2"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 2.—WHO WAS THE FIRST TO EMPLOY MARBLE IN PUBLIC -BUILDINGS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Indeed, while making these reflections, one cannot but feel -ashamed of the men of ancient times even. There are still in -existence censorial<a id="FNanchor_2355_2355"></a><a href="#Footnote_2355_2355" class="fnanchor">2355</a> laws, which forbid the kernels<a id="FNanchor_2356_2356"></a><a href="#Footnote_2356_2356" class="fnanchor">2356</a> in the -neck of swine to be served at table, dormice too, and other -things too trifling to mention: and yet there has been no law -passed, forbidding marble to be imported, or the seas to be -traversed in search of it!</p> - -<p>(2.) It may possibly be observed, that this was, because -marble was not then introduced. Such, however, is not the -fact; for in the ædileship of M. Scaurus,<a id="FNanchor_2357_2357"></a><a href="#Footnote_2357_2357" class="fnanchor">2357</a> three hundred and -sixty columns were to be seen imported; for the decorations of -a temporary theatre, too, one that was destined to be in use for -barely a single month. And yet the laws were silent thereon; -in a spirit of indulgence for the amusements of the public, no -doubt. But then, why such indulgence or how do vices -more insidiously steal upon us than under the plea of serving -the public? By what other way, in fact, did ivory, gold, and -precious stones, first come into use with private individuals?</p> - -<p>Can we say that there is now anything that we have reserved -for the exclusive use of the gods? However, be it so, -let us admit of this indulgence for the amusements of the -public; but still, why did the laws maintain their silence -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_307">307</a></span>when the largest of these columns, pillars of Lucullan<a id="FNanchor_2358_2358"></a><a href="#Footnote_2358_2358" class="fnanchor">2358</a> marble, -as much as eight-and-thirty feet in height, were erected in -the atrium of Scaurus? a thing, too, that was not done -privately or in secret; for the contractor for the public sewers -compelled him to give security for the possible damage that -might be done in the carriage of them to the Palatium.<a id="FNanchor_2359_2359"></a><a href="#Footnote_2359_2359" class="fnanchor">2359</a> -When so bad an example as this was set, would it not have -been advisable to take some precautions for the preservation -of the public morals? And yet the laws still preserved their -silence, when such enormous masses as these were being carried -past the earthenware<a id="FNanchor_2360_2360"></a><a href="#Footnote_2360_2360" class="fnanchor">2360</a> pediments of the temples of the -gods, to the house of a private individual!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_3"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 3. (3.)—WHO WAS THE FIRST TO ERECT COLUMNS OF -FOREIGN MARBLE AT ROME.</span></h3></div> - -<p>And yet it cannot be said that Scaurus, by way of a first -essay in vice, took the City by surprise, in a state of ignorance -and totally unguarded against such evils as these. Already -had L. Crassus,<a id="FNanchor_2361_2361"></a><a href="#Footnote_2361_2361" class="fnanchor">2361</a> the orator, he who was the first to possess -pillars of foreign marble, and in this same Palatium too, received -from M. Brutus, on the occasion of a dispute, the nickname -of the “Palatine Venus,” for his indulgence in this -kind of luxury. The material, I should remark, was Hymettian -marble, and the pillars were but six in number, and not -exceeding some twelve feet in height. Our forefathers were -guilty of this omission, no doubt, because morals were universally -contaminated; and, seeing that things which had been interdicted -had been forbidden in vain, they preferred the absence -of laws to laws that were no better than a dead letter. These -particulars and others in the sequel will show that we are so -far improved; for who is there at the present day that has, in -his atrium, any such massive columns as these of Scaurus?</p> - -<p>But before proceeding to treat of the several varieties of this -material, it will be as well to mention the various artists, and -the degrees of estimation in which they are held, who have -worked in marble. We will, therefore, proceed to review the -sculptors who have flourished at different periods.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_308">308</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 4. (4.)—THE FIRST ARTISTS WHO EXCELLED IN THE SCULPTURE -OF MARBLE, AND THE VARIOUS PERIODS AT WHICH THEY -FLOURISHED. THE MAUSOLEUM IN CARIA. THE MOST CELEBRATED -SCULPTORS AND WORKS IN MARBLE, TWO HUNDRED AND -TWENTY-FIVE IN NUMBER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The first artists who distinguished themselves in the sculpture -of marble, were Dipœnus<a id="FNanchor_2362_2362"></a><a href="#Footnote_2362_2362" class="fnanchor">2362</a> and Scyllis, natives of the Isle -of Crete. At this period the Medians were still in power, and -Cyrus had not begun to reign in Persia; their date being about -the fiftieth Olympiad. They afterwards repaired to Sicyon, a -state which for a length of time<a id="FNanchor_2363_2363"></a><a href="#Footnote_2363_2363" class="fnanchor">2363</a> was the adopted country of -all such pursuits as these. The people of Sicyon had made a -contract with them for the execution of certain statues of the -gods; but, before completing the work, the artists complained -of some injustice being done them, and retired to Ætolia. Immediately -upon this, the state was afflicted with sterility and -famine, and dreadful consternation was the result. Upon -enquiry being made as to a remedy for these evils, the Pythian -Apollo made answer, that Dipœnus and Scyllis must complete -the statues of the gods; an object which was attained at the -cost of great concessions and considerable sums of money. -The statues were those of Apollo,<a id="FNanchor_2364_2364"></a><a href="#Footnote_2364_2364" class="fnanchor">2364</a> Diana, Hercules, and -Minerva; the last of which was afterwards struck by -lightning.</p> - -<p>(5.) Before these artists were in existence, there had already -appeared Melas, a sculptor of the Isle of Chios; and, in succession -to him, his son Micciades, and his grandson Archermus;<a id="FNanchor_2365_2365"></a><a href="#Footnote_2365_2365" class="fnanchor">2365</a> -whose sons, Bupalus and Athenis, afterwards attained the highest -eminence in the art. These last were contemporaries of the -poet Hipponax, who, it is well known, lived in the sixtieth -Olympiad. Now, if a person only reckons, going upwards -from their time to that of their great-grandfather, he will find -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_309">309</a></span>that the art of sculpture must have necessarily originated about -the commencement of the era of the Olympiads. Hipponax -being a man notorious for his ugliness, the two artists, by way -of joke,<a id="FNanchor_2366_2366"></a><a href="#Footnote_2366_2366" class="fnanchor">2366</a> exhibited a statue of him for the ridicule of the public. -Indignant at this, the poet emptied upon them all the -bitterness of his verses; to such an extent indeed, that, as -some believe, they were driven to hang themselves in despair. -This, however, is not the fact; for, at a later period, these -artists executed a number of statues in the neighbouring islands; -at Delos for example, with an inscription subjoined to the effect, -that Chios was rendered famous not only by its vines<a id="FNanchor_2367_2367"></a><a href="#Footnote_2367_2367" class="fnanchor">2367</a> but by -the works of the sons of Archermus as well. The people of -Lasos<a id="FNanchor_2368_2368"></a><a href="#Footnote_2368_2368" class="fnanchor">2368</a> still show a Diana that was made by them; and we -find mention also made of a Diana at Chios, the work of their -hands: it is erected on an elevated spot, and the features appear -stern to a person as he enters, and joyous as he departs. -At Rome, there are some statues by these artists on the summit -of the Temple<a id="FNanchor_2369_2369"></a><a href="#Footnote_2369_2369" class="fnanchor">2369</a> of the Palatine Apollo, and, indeed, in most of -the buildings that were erected by the late Emperor Augustus. -At Delos and in the Isle of Lesbos there were formerly some -sculptures by their father to be seen. Ambracia too, Argos, -and Cleonæ, were filled with productions of the sculptor Dipœnus.</p> - -<p>All these artists, however, used nothing but the white marble -of the Isle of Paros, a stone which was known as “lychnites” -at first, because, according to Varro, it was cut in the quarries -by lamplight.<a id="FNanchor_2370_2370"></a><a href="#Footnote_2370_2370" class="fnanchor">2370</a> Since their time, many other whiter marbles -have been discovered, and very recently that of the quarries -of Luna.<a id="FNanchor_2371_2371"></a><a href="#Footnote_2371_2371" class="fnanchor">2371</a> With reference to the marble of Paros, there is one -very marvellous circumstance related; in a single block that -was split with wedges, a figure<a id="FNanchor_2372_2372"></a><a href="#Footnote_2372_2372" class="fnanchor">2372</a> of Silenus made its appearance.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_310">310</a></span>We must not omit to remark, that the art of sculpture is -of much more ancient<a id="FNanchor_2373_2373"></a><a href="#Footnote_2373_2373" class="fnanchor">2373</a> date than those of painting and of -statuary in bronze; both of which commenced with Phidias, -in the eighty-third Olympiad, or in other words, about -three hundred and thirty-two years later. Indeed, it is said, -that Phidias himself worked in marble, and that there is a -Venus of his at Rome, a work of extraordinary beauty, in the -buildings of Octavia.<a id="FNanchor_2374_2374"></a><a href="#Footnote_2374_2374" class="fnanchor">2374</a> A thing, however, that is universally -admitted, is the fact that he was the instructor of Alcamenes,<a id="FNanchor_2375_2375"></a><a href="#Footnote_2375_2375" class="fnanchor">2375</a> -the Athenian, one of the most famous among the sculptors. -By this last artist, there are numerous statues in the temples -at Athens; as also, without the walls there, the celebrated -Venus, known as the Aphrodite <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἐν κήποις</span>,<a id="FNanchor_2376_2376"></a><a href="#Footnote_2376_2376" class="fnanchor">2376</a> work to which -Phidias himself, it is said, put the finishing hand. Another -disciple also of Phidias was Agoracritus<a id="FNanchor_2377_2377"></a><a href="#Footnote_2377_2377" class="fnanchor">2377</a> of Paros, a great -favourite with his master, on account of his extremely youthful -age; and for which reason, it is said, Phidias gave his own name -to many of that artist’s works. The two pupils entering into a -contest as to the superior execution of a statue of Venus, -Alcamenes was successful; not that his work was superior, but -because his fellow-citizens chose to give their suffrages in his -favour in preference to a stranger. It was for this reason, it -is said, that Agoracritus sold his statue, on the express condition -that it should never be taken to Athens, and changed its -name to that of Nemesis.<a id="FNanchor_2378_2378"></a><a href="#Footnote_2378_2378" class="fnanchor">2378</a> It was accordingly erected at -Rhamnus,<a id="FNanchor_2379_2379"></a><a href="#Footnote_2379_2379" class="fnanchor">2379</a> a borough of Attica, and M. Varro has considered -it superior to every other statue. There is also to be seen in -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_311">311</a></span>the Temple of the Great Mother, in the same city, another -work<a id="FNanchor_2380_2380"></a><a href="#Footnote_2380_2380" class="fnanchor">2380</a> by Agoracritus.</p> - -<p>Among all nations which the fame of the Olympian Jupiter -has reached, Phidias is looked upon, beyond all doubt, as -the most famous of artists: but to let those who have never -even seen his works, know how deservedly he is esteemed, -we will take this opportunity of adducing a few slight proofs -of the genius which he displayed. In doing this, we shall -not appeal to the beauty of his Olympian Jupiter, nor yet to -the vast proportions of his Athenian Minerva, six and twenty -cubits in height, and composed of ivory and gold; but it is to -the shield of this last statue that we shall draw attention; -upon the convex face of which he has chased a combat of the -Amazons, while, upon the concave side of it, he has represented -the battle between the Gods and the Giants. Upon -the sandals again, we see the wars of the Lapithæ and -Centaurs, so careful has he been to fill every smallest portion -of his work with some proof or other of his artistic skill. To -the story chased upon the pedestal of the statue, the name of -the “Birth of Pandora”<a id="FNanchor_2381_2381"></a><a href="#Footnote_2381_2381" class="fnanchor">2381</a> has been given; and the figures -of new-born<a id="FNanchor_2382_2382"></a><a href="#Footnote_2382_2382" class="fnanchor">2382</a> gods to be seen upon it are no less than twenty -in number. The figure of Victory, in particular, is most -admirable, and connoisseurs are greatly struck with the serpent -and the sphinx in bronze lying beneath the point of -the spear. Let thus much be said incidentally in reference to -an artist who can never be sufficiently praised; if only to let -it be understood that the richness of his genius was always -equal to itself, even in the very smallest details.</p> - -<p>When speaking<a id="FNanchor_2383_2383"></a><a href="#Footnote_2383_2383" class="fnanchor">2383</a> of the statuaries, we have already given -the period at which Praxiteles flourished; an artist, who, in -the glory which he acquired by his works in marble, surpassed -even himself. There are some works of his in the -Ceramicus<a id="FNanchor_2384_2384"></a><a href="#Footnote_2384_2384" class="fnanchor">2384</a> at Athens; but, superior to all the statues, not -only of Praxiteles, but of any other artist that ever existed, -is his Cnidian Venus; for the inspection of which, many persons -before now have purposely undertaken a voyage to -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_312">312</a></span>Cnidos. The artist made two statues of the goddess, and -offered them both for sale: one of them was represented -with drapery,<a id="FNanchor_2385_2385"></a><a href="#Footnote_2385_2385" class="fnanchor">2385</a> and for this reason was preferred<a id="FNanchor_2386_2386"></a><a href="#Footnote_2386_2386" class="fnanchor">2386</a> by the people -of Cos, who had the choice; the second was offered them at -the same price, but, on the grounds of propriety and modesty, -they thought fit to choose the other. Upon this, the Cnidians -purchased the rejected statue,<a id="FNanchor_2387_2387"></a><a href="#Footnote_2387_2387" class="fnanchor">2387</a> and immensely superior has it -always been held in general estimation. At a later period, -King Nicomedes wished to purchase this statue of the Cnidians, -and made them an offer to pay off the whole of their -public debt, which was very large. They preferred, however, -to submit to any extremity rather than part with it; and with -good reason, for by this statue Praxiteles has perpetuated the -glory of Cnidos. The little temple in which it is placed is -open on all sides, so that the beauties<a id="FNanchor_2388_2388"></a><a href="#Footnote_2388_2388" class="fnanchor">2388</a> of the statue admit of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_313">313</a></span>being seen from every point of view; an arrangement which -was favoured by the goddess herself, it is generally believed. -Indeed, from whatever point it is viewed, its execution is -equally worthy of admiration. A certain individual, it is -said, became enamoured of this statue, and, concealing himself -in the temple during the night, gratified his lustful passion -upon it, traces of which are to be seen in a stain left upon -the marble.<a id="FNanchor_2389_2389"></a><a href="#Footnote_2389_2389" class="fnanchor">2389</a></p> - -<p>There are also at Cnidos some other statues in marble, the -productions of illustrious artists; a Father Liber<a id="FNanchor_2390_2390"></a><a href="#Footnote_2390_2390" class="fnanchor">2390</a> by Bryaxis,<a id="FNanchor_2391_2391"></a><a href="#Footnote_2391_2391" class="fnanchor">2391</a> -another by Scopas,<a id="FNanchor_2392_2392"></a><a href="#Footnote_2392_2392" class="fnanchor">2392</a> and a Minerva by the same hand: indeed, -there is no greater proof of the supreme excellence of the -Venus of Praxiteles than the fact that, amid such productions -as these, it is the only one that we generally find noticed. -By Praxiteles, too, there is a Cupid, a statue which occasioned<a id="FNanchor_2393_2393"></a><a href="#Footnote_2393_2393" class="fnanchor">2393</a> -one of the charges brought by Cicero against Verres, -and for the sake of seeing which persons used to visit Thespiæ: -at the present day, it is to be seen in the Schools<a id="FNanchor_2394_2394"></a><a href="#Footnote_2394_2394" class="fnanchor">2394</a> of Octavia. -By the same artist there is also another Cupid, without -drapery, at Parium, a colony of the Propontis; equal to the -Cnidian Venus in the fineness of its execution, and said to have -been the object of a similar outrage. For one Alcetas, a -Rhodian, becoming deeply enamoured of it, left upon the -marble similar traces of the violence of his passion.</p> - -<p>At Rome there are, by Praxiteles, a Flora, a Triptolemus, -and a Ceres, in the Gardens of Servilius; statues of Good -Success<a id="FNanchor_2395_2395"></a><a href="#Footnote_2395_2395" class="fnanchor">2395</a> and Good Fortune, in the Capitol; as also some -Mænades,<a id="FNanchor_2396_2396"></a><a href="#Footnote_2396_2396" class="fnanchor">2396</a> and figures known as Thyiades<a id="FNanchor_2397_2397"></a><a href="#Footnote_2397_2397" class="fnanchor">2397</a> and Caryatides;<a id="FNanchor_2398_2398"></a><a href="#Footnote_2398_2398" class="fnanchor">2398</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_314">314</a></span>some Sileni,<a id="FNanchor_2399_2399"></a><a href="#Footnote_2399_2399" class="fnanchor">2399</a> to be seen in the memorial buildings of Asinius -Pollio, and statues of Apollo and Neptune.</p> - -<p>Cephisodotus,<a id="FNanchor_2400_2400"></a><a href="#Footnote_2400_2400" class="fnanchor">2400</a> the son of Praxiteles, inherited his father’s -talent. There is, by him, at Pergamus, a splendid Group<a id="FNanchor_2401_2401"></a><a href="#Footnote_2401_2401" class="fnanchor">2401</a> of -Wrestlers, a work that has been highly praised, and in which -the fingers have all the appearance of being impressed upon -real flesh rather than upon marble. At Rome there are by -him, a Latona, in the Temple of the Palatium; a Venus, in the -buildings that are memorials of Asinius Pollio; and an Æsculapius, -and a Diana, in the Temple of Juno situate within -the Porticos of Octavia.</p> - -<p>Scopas<a id="FNanchor_2402_2402"></a><a href="#Footnote_2402_2402" class="fnanchor">2402</a> rivals these artists in fame: there are by him, a -Venus<a id="FNanchor_2403_2403"></a><a href="#Footnote_2403_2403" class="fnanchor">2403</a> and a Pothos,<a id="FNanchor_2404_2404"></a><a href="#Footnote_2404_2404" class="fnanchor">2404</a> statues which are venerated at Samothrace -with the most august ceremonials. He was also the -sculptor of the Palatine Apollo; a Vesta seated, in the Gardens -of Servilius, and represented with two Bends<a id="FNanchor_2405_2405"></a><a href="#Footnote_2405_2405" class="fnanchor">2405</a> around her, a -work that has been highly praised; two similar Bends, to be -seen upon the buildings of Asinius Pollio; and some figures of -Canephori<a id="FNanchor_2406_2406"></a><a href="#Footnote_2406_2406" class="fnanchor">2406</a> in the same place. But the most highly esteemed -of all his works, are those in the Temple erected by Cneius -Domitius,<a id="FNanchor_2407_2407"></a><a href="#Footnote_2407_2407" class="fnanchor">2407</a> in the Flaminian Circus; a figure of Neptune -himself, a Thetis and Achilles, Nereids seated upon dolphins, -cetaceous fishes, and<a id="FNanchor_2408_2408"></a><a href="#Footnote_2408_2408" class="fnanchor">2408</a> sea-horses,<a id="FNanchor_2409_2409"></a><a href="#Footnote_2409_2409" class="fnanchor">2409</a> Tritons, the train of Phorcus,<a id="FNanchor_2410_2410"></a><a href="#Footnote_2410_2410" class="fnanchor">2410</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_315">315</a></span>whales,<a id="FNanchor_2411_2411"></a><a href="#Footnote_2411_2411" class="fnanchor">2411</a> and numerous other sea-monsters, all by the -same hand; an admirable piece of workmanship, even if it had -taken a whole life to complete it. In addition to the works -by him already mentioned, and others of the existence of -which we are ignorant, there is still to be seen a colossal Mars -of his, seated, in the Temple erected by Brutus Callæcus,<a id="FNanchor_2412_2412"></a><a href="#Footnote_2412_2412" class="fnanchor">2412</a> -also in the Flaminian Circus; as also, a naked Venus, of anterior -date to that by Praxiteles, and a production that would -be quite sufficient to establish the renown of any other place.</p> - -<p>At Rome, it is true, it is quite lost sight of amid such a vast -multitude of similar works of art: and then besides, the inattention -to these matters that is induced by such vast numbers -of duties and so many items of business, quite precludes the -generality of persons from devoting their thoughts to the -subject. For, in fact, the admiration that is due to this art, -not only demands an abundance of leisure, but requires that -profound silence should reign upon the spot. Hence it is, -that the artist is now forgotten, who executed the statue of -Venus that was dedicated by the Emperor Vespasianus in his -Temple of Peace, a work well worthy of the high repute of -ancient times. With reference, too, to the Dying Children of -Niobe, in the Temple of the Sosian<a id="FNanchor_2413_2413"></a><a href="#Footnote_2413_2413" class="fnanchor">2413</a> Apollo, there is an equal -degree of uncertainty, whether it is the work<a id="FNanchor_2414_2414"></a><a href="#Footnote_2414_2414" class="fnanchor">2414</a> of Scopas or of -Praxiteles. So, too, as to the Father Janus, a work that was -brought from Egypt and dedicated in his Temple<a id="FNanchor_2415_2415"></a><a href="#Footnote_2415_2415" class="fnanchor">2415</a> by Augustus, -it is a question by which of these two artists<a id="FNanchor_2416_2416"></a><a href="#Footnote_2416_2416" class="fnanchor">2416</a> it was made: -at the present day, however, it is quite hidden from us by the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_316">316</a></span>quantity of gold that covers it. The same question, too, -arises with reference to the Cupid brandishing a Thunderbolt, -now to be seen in the Curia of Octavia: the only thing, in -fact, that is affirmed with any degree of certainty respecting -it, is, that it is a likeness of Alcibiades, who was the handsomest -man of his day. There are, too, in the Schools<a id="FNanchor_2417_2417"></a><a href="#Footnote_2417_2417" class="fnanchor">2417</a> of -Octavia, many other highly attractive works, the authors of -which are now unknown: four Satyrs, for example, one of -which carries in his arms a Father Liber, robed in the palla;<a id="FNanchor_2418_2418"></a><a href="#Footnote_2418_2418" class="fnanchor">2418</a> -another similarly supports the Goddess Libera;<a id="FNanchor_2419_2419"></a><a href="#Footnote_2419_2419" class="fnanchor">2419</a> a third is -pacifying a child who is crying; and a fourth is giving a child -some water to drink, from a cup; two Zephyrs also, who -agitate their flowing drapery with their breath. No less is -the uncertainty that prevails as to the authors of the statues -now to be seen in the Septa;<a id="FNanchor_2420_2420"></a><a href="#Footnote_2420_2420" class="fnanchor">2420</a> an Olympus<a id="FNanchor_2421_2421"></a><a href="#Footnote_2421_2421" class="fnanchor">2421</a> and Pan, and a -Charon and Achilles;<a id="FNanchor_2422_2422"></a><a href="#Footnote_2422_2422" class="fnanchor">2422</a> and yet their high reputation has -caused them to be deemed valuable enough for their keepers -to be made answerable for their safety at the cost of their lives.</p> - -<p>Scopas had for rivals and contemporaries, Bryaxis,<a id="FNanchor_2423_2423"></a><a href="#Footnote_2423_2423" class="fnanchor">2423</a> Timotheus,<a id="FNanchor_2424_2424"></a><a href="#Footnote_2424_2424" class="fnanchor">2424</a> -and Leochares,<a id="FNanchor_2425_2425"></a><a href="#Footnote_2425_2425" class="fnanchor">2425</a> artists whom we are bound to mention -together, from the fact that they worked together at the -Mausoleum; such being the name of the tomb that was -erected by his wife Artemisia in honour of Mausolus, a petty -king of Caria, who died in the second year of the hundred and -seventh Olympiad. It was through the exertions of these -artists more particularly, that this work came to be reckoned -one of the Seven Wonders of the World.<a id="FNanchor_2426_2426"></a><a href="#Footnote_2426_2426" class="fnanchor">2426</a> The circumference<a id="FNanchor_2427_2427"></a><a href="#Footnote_2427_2427" class="fnanchor">2427</a> -of this building is, in all, four hundred and forty feet, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_317">317</a></span>and the breadth from north to south sixty-three, the two -fronts<a id="FNanchor_2428_2428"></a><a href="#Footnote_2428_2428" class="fnanchor">2428</a> being not so wide in extent. It is twenty-five cubits -in height, and is surrounded with six-and-thirty columns, -the outer circumference being known as the “Pteron.”<a id="FNanchor_2429_2429"></a><a href="#Footnote_2429_2429" class="fnanchor">2429</a> The -east side was sculptured by Scopas, the north by Bryaxis, the -south by Timotheus, and the west by Leochares; but, before -their task was completed, Queen Artemisia died.<a id="FNanchor_2430_2430"></a><a href="#Footnote_2430_2430" class="fnanchor">2430</a> They did -not leave their work, however, until it was finished, considering -that it was at once a memorial of their own fame and of -the sculptor’s art: and, to this day even, it is undecided which -of them has excelled. A fifth artist also took part in the -work; for above the Pteron there is a pyramid erected, equal -in height to the building below, and formed of four and -twenty steps, which gradually taper upwards towards the -summit; a platform, crowned with a representation of a four-horse -chariot by Pythis. This addition makes the total height -of the work one hundred and forty feet.<a id="FNanchor_2431_2431"></a><a href="#Footnote_2431_2431" class="fnanchor">2431</a></p> - -<p>There is at Rome, by Timotheus, a Diana, in the Temple of -Apollo in the Palatium, the head of which has been replaced -by Avianius Evander.<a id="FNanchor_2432_2432"></a><a href="#Footnote_2432_2432" class="fnanchor">2432</a> A Hercules, too, by Menestratus,<a id="FNanchor_2433_2433"></a><a href="#Footnote_2433_2433" class="fnanchor">2433</a> is -greatly admired; and there is a Hecate of his at Ephesus, in -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_318">318</a></span>the Temple of Diana there, behind the sanctuary. The keepers -of the temple recommend persons, when viewing it, to be -careful of their eyes, so remarkably radiant is the marble. -No less esteemed, too, are the statues of the Graces,<a id="FNanchor_2434_2434"></a><a href="#Footnote_2434_2434" class="fnanchor">2434</a> in the -Propylæum<a id="FNanchor_2435_2435"></a><a href="#Footnote_2435_2435" class="fnanchor">2435</a> at Athens; the workmanship of Socrates the -sculptor, a different person from the painter<a id="FNanchor_2436_2436"></a><a href="#Footnote_2436_2436" class="fnanchor">2436</a> of that name, -though identical with him in the opinion of some. As to -Myron,<a id="FNanchor_2437_2437"></a><a href="#Footnote_2437_2437" class="fnanchor">2437</a> who is so highly praised for his works in bronze, -there is by him at Smyrna, An Old Woman Intoxicated, a -work that is held in high estimation.</p> - -<p>Asinius Pollio, a man of a warm and ardent temperament, -was determined that the buildings which he erected as memorials -of himself should be made as attractive as possible; for -here we see groups representing, Nymphs carried off by Centaurs, -a work of Arcesilas:<a id="FNanchor_2438_2438"></a><a href="#Footnote_2438_2438" class="fnanchor">2438</a> the Thespiades,<a id="FNanchor_2439_2439"></a><a href="#Footnote_2439_2439" class="fnanchor">2439</a> by Cleomenes:<a id="FNanchor_2440_2440"></a><a href="#Footnote_2440_2440" class="fnanchor">2440</a> Oceanus -and Jupiter, by Heniochus:<a id="FNanchor_2441_2441"></a><a href="#Footnote_2441_2441" class="fnanchor">2441</a> the Appiades,<a id="FNanchor_2442_2442"></a><a href="#Footnote_2442_2442" class="fnanchor">2442</a> by Stephanus:<a id="FNanchor_2443_2443"></a><a href="#Footnote_2443_2443" class="fnanchor">2443</a> -Hermerotes,<a id="FNanchor_2444_2444"></a><a href="#Footnote_2444_2444" class="fnanchor">2444</a> by Tauriscus, not the chaser in silver, already<a id="FNanchor_2445_2445"></a><a href="#Footnote_2445_2445" class="fnanchor">2445</a> -mentioned, but a native of Tralles:<a id="FNanchor_2446_2446"></a><a href="#Footnote_2446_2446" class="fnanchor">2446</a> a Jupiter Hospitalis<a id="FNanchor_2447_2447"></a><a href="#Footnote_2447_2447" class="fnanchor">2447</a> by Papylus, -a pupil of Praxiteles: Zethus and Amphion, with Dirce, -the Bull,<a id="FNanchor_2448_2448"></a><a href="#Footnote_2448_2448" class="fnanchor">2448</a> and the halter, all sculptured from a single block of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_319">319</a></span>marble, the work of Apollonius and Tauriscus, and brought to -Rome from Rhodes. These two artists made it a sort of rivalry -as to their parentage, for they declared that, although Apollodorus -was their natural progenitor, Menecrates<a id="FNanchor_2449_2449"></a><a href="#Footnote_2449_2449" class="fnanchor">2449</a> would appear to have -been their father. In the same place, too, there is a Father -Liber,<a id="FNanchor_2450_2450"></a><a href="#Footnote_2450_2450" class="fnanchor">2450</a> by Eutychides,<a id="FNanchor_2451_2451"></a><a href="#Footnote_2451_2451" class="fnanchor">2451</a> highly praised. Near the Portico of Octavia, -there is an Apollo, by Philiscus<a id="FNanchor_2452_2452"></a><a href="#Footnote_2452_2452" class="fnanchor">2452</a> of Rhodes, placed in the -Temple of that God; a Latona and Diana also; the Nine Muses; -and another Apollo, without drapery. The Apollo holding the -Lyre, in the same temple, was executed by Timarchides.<a id="FNanchor_2453_2453"></a><a href="#Footnote_2453_2453" class="fnanchor">2453</a> In -the Temple of Juno, within the Porticos of Octavia, there is -a figure of that goddess, executed by Dionysius,<a id="FNanchor_2454_2454"></a><a href="#Footnote_2454_2454" class="fnanchor">2454</a> and another -by Polycles,<a id="FNanchor_2455_2455"></a><a href="#Footnote_2455_2455" class="fnanchor">2455</a> as also other statues by Praxiteles.<a id="FNanchor_2456_2456"></a><a href="#Footnote_2456_2456" class="fnanchor">2456</a> This Polycles, -too, in conjunction with Dionysius,<a id="FNanchor_2457_2457"></a><a href="#Footnote_2457_2457" class="fnanchor">2457</a> the son of Timarchides, -made the statue of Jupiter, which is to be seen in the -adjoining temple.<a id="FNanchor_2458_2458"></a><a href="#Footnote_2458_2458" class="fnanchor">2458</a> The figures of Pan and Olympus Wrestling, -in the same place, are by Heliodorus;<a id="FNanchor_2459_2459"></a><a href="#Footnote_2459_2459" class="fnanchor">2459</a> and they are considered -to be the next finest group<a id="FNanchor_2460_2460"></a><a href="#Footnote_2460_2460" class="fnanchor">2460</a> of this nature in all the world. The -same artist also executed a Venus at the Bath, and Polycharmus -another Venus, in an erect<a id="FNanchor_2461_2461"></a><a href="#Footnote_2461_2461" class="fnanchor">2461</a> posture.</p> - -<p>By the honourable place which the work of Lysias occupies, -we may see in what high esteem it was held by the late Emperor -Augustus, who consecrated it in honour of his father -Octavius, in the Palatium, placing it on an arch within a small -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_320">320</a></span>temple, adorned with columns: it is the figure of a four-horse -chariot, with an Apollo and Diana, all sculptured from a single -block. I find it stated, also, that the Apollo by Calamis, the -chaser already<a id="FNanchor_2462_2462"></a><a href="#Footnote_2462_2462" class="fnanchor">2462</a> mentioned, the Pugilists by Dercylides, and -the statue of Callisthenes the historian, by Amphistratus,<a id="FNanchor_2463_2463"></a><a href="#Footnote_2463_2463" class="fnanchor">2463</a> all -of them now in the Gardens of Servilius, are works highly -esteemed.</p> - -<p>Beyond these, there are not many sculptors of high repute; -for, in the case of several works of very great excellence, -the number of artists that have been engaged upon them has -proved a considerable obstacle to the fame of each, no individual -being able to engross the whole of the credit, and it being -impossible to award it in due proportion to the names of the -several artists combined. Such is the case with the Laocoön, -for example, in the palace of the Emperor Titus, a work that -may be looked upon as preferable to any other production of -the art of painting or of statuary. It is sculptured from a single -block, both the main figure as well as the children, and the serpents -with their marvellous folds. This group was made in concert -by three most eminent artists,<a id="FNanchor_2464_2464"></a><a href="#Footnote_2464_2464" class="fnanchor">2464</a> Agesander, Polydorus, and -Athenodorus, natives of Rhodes. In similar manner also, the -palaces of the Cæsars, in the Palatium, have been filled with -most splendid statuary, the work of Craterus, in conjunction -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_321">321</a></span>with Pythodorus, of Polydeuces with Hermoläus, and of another -Pythodorus with Artemon; some of the statues, also, are by -Aphrodisius of Tralles, who worked alone. The Pantheon of -Agrippa has been decorated by Diogenes of Athens, and the -Caryatides, by him, which form the columns of that temple, are -looked upon as master-pieces of excellence: the same, too, -with the statues that are placed upon the roof, though, in -consequence of the height, they have not had an opportunity -of being so well appreciated.</p> - -<p>Without glory, and excluded from every temple, is the -statue of Hercules,<a id="FNanchor_2465_2465"></a><a href="#Footnote_2465_2465" class="fnanchor">2465</a> in honour of whom the Carthaginians -were accustomed to sacrifice human victims every year: it -stands upon the ground before the entrance of the Portico of -the Nations.<a id="FNanchor_2466_2466"></a><a href="#Footnote_2466_2466" class="fnanchor">2466</a> There were erected, too, near the Temple of -Felicity, the statues of the Thespian<a id="FNanchor_2467_2467"></a><a href="#Footnote_2467_2467" class="fnanchor">2467</a> Muses; of one of which, -according to Varro, Junius Pisciculus, a Roman of equestrian -rank, became enamoured. Pasiteles,<a id="FNanchor_2468_2468"></a><a href="#Footnote_2468_2468" class="fnanchor">2468</a> too, speaks in terms of -high admiration of them, the artist who wrote five Books on -the most celebrated works throughout the world. Born upon -the Grecian<a id="FNanchor_2469_2469"></a><a href="#Footnote_2469_2469" class="fnanchor">2469</a> shores of Italy, and presented with the Roman -citizenship granted to the cities of those parts, Pasiteles constructed -the ivory statue of Jupiter which is now in the Temple -of Metellus,<a id="FNanchor_2470_2470"></a><a href="#Footnote_2470_2470" class="fnanchor">2470</a> on the road to the Campus Martius. It so happened, -that being one day at the Docks,<a id="FNanchor_2471_2471"></a><a href="#Footnote_2471_2471" class="fnanchor">2471</a> where there were -some wild beasts from Africa, while he was viewing through -the bars of a cage a lion which he was engaged in drawing, a -panther made its escape from another cage, to the no small -danger of this most careful artist. He executed many other -works, it is said, but we do not find the names of them specifically -mentioned.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_322">322</a></span>Arcesilaüs,<a id="FNanchor_2472_2472"></a><a href="#Footnote_2472_2472" class="fnanchor">2472</a> also, is an artist highly extolled by Varro; who -states that he had in his possession a Lioness in marble of his, -and Winged Cupids playing with it, some holding it with -cords, and others making it drink from a horn, the whole -sculptured from a single block: he says, also, that the fourteen -figures around the Theatre of Pompeius,<a id="FNanchor_2473_2473"></a><a href="#Footnote_2473_2473" class="fnanchor">2473</a> representing different -Nations, are the work of Coponius.</p> - -<p>I find it stated that Canachus,<a id="FNanchor_2474_2474"></a><a href="#Footnote_2474_2474" class="fnanchor">2474</a> an artist highly praised among -the statuaries in bronze, executed some works also in marble. -Saurus,<a id="FNanchor_2475_2475"></a><a href="#Footnote_2475_2475" class="fnanchor">2475</a> too, and Batrachus must not be forgotten, Lacedæmonians -by birth, who built the temples<a id="FNanchor_2476_2476"></a><a href="#Footnote_2476_2476" class="fnanchor">2476</a> enclosed by the Porticos -of Octavia. Some are of opinion that these artists were -very wealthy men, and that they erected these buildings at -their own expense, expecting to be allowed to inscribe their -names thereon; but that, this indulgence being refused them, -they adopted another method of attaining their object. At -all events, there are still to be seen, at the present day, on the -spirals<a id="FNanchor_2477_2477"></a><a href="#Footnote_2477_2477" class="fnanchor">2477</a> of the columns, the figures of a lizard and a frog,<a id="FNanchor_2478_2478"></a><a href="#Footnote_2478_2478" class="fnanchor">2478</a> -emblematical of their names. In the Temple of Jupiter by -the same artists, the paintings, as well as all the other ornaments, -bear reference to the worship of a goddess. The<a id="FNanchor_2479_2479"></a><a href="#Footnote_2479_2479" class="fnanchor">2479</a> fact -is, that when the temple of Juno was completed, the porters, as -it is said, who were entrusted with the carriage of the statues, -made an exchange of them; and, on religious grounds, the -mistake was left uncorrected, from an impression that it had -been by the intervention of the divinities themselves, that -this seat of worship had been thus shared between them. -Hence it is that we see in the Temple of Juno, also, the ornaments -which properly pertain to the worship of Jupiter.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_323">323</a></span>Some minute works in marble have also gained reputation for -their artists: by Myrmecides,<a id="FNanchor_2480_2480"></a><a href="#Footnote_2480_2480" class="fnanchor">2480</a> there was a four-horse chariot, -so small that it could be covered, driver and all, by the wings -of a fly; and by Callicrates,<a id="FNanchor_2481_2481"></a><a href="#Footnote_2481_2481" class="fnanchor">2481</a> some ants, in marble, the feet -and other limbs of which were so fine as to escape the sight.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_5"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 5. (6.)—AT WHAT PERIOD MARBLE WAS FIRST USED IN -BUILDINGS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>This must suffice for the sculptors in marble, and the works -that have gained the highest repute; with reference to which -subject it occurs to me to remark, that spotted marbles were not -then in fashion. In making their statues, these artists used the -marble of Thasos also,<a id="FNanchor_2482_2482"></a><a href="#Footnote_2482_2482" class="fnanchor">2482</a> one of the Cyclades, and of Lesbos, this -last being rather more livid than the other. The poet Menander, -in fact, who was a very careful enquirer into all matters of -luxury, is the first who has spoken, and that but rarely, of variegated -marbles, and, indeed, of the employment of marble in -general. Columns of this material were at first employed in -temples, not on grounds of superior elegance, (for that was not -thought of, as yet), but because no material could be found of -a more substantial nature. It was under these circumstances, -that the Temple<a id="FNanchor_2483_2483"></a><a href="#Footnote_2483_2483" class="fnanchor">2483</a> of the Olympian Jupiter was commenced at -Athens, the columns of which were brought by Sylla to Rome, -for the buildings in the Capitol.</p> - -<p>Still, however, there had been a distinction drawn between -ordinary stone and marble, in the days of Homer even. The -poet speaks in one passage of a person<a id="FNanchor_2484_2484"></a><a href="#Footnote_2484_2484" class="fnanchor">2484</a> being struck down -with a huge mass of marble; but that is all; and when he -describes the abodes of royalty adorned with every elegance, -besides brass, gold, electrum,<a id="FNanchor_2485_2485"></a><a href="#Footnote_2485_2485" class="fnanchor">2485</a> and silver, he only mentions -ivory. Variegated marbles, in my opinion, were first discovered -in the quarries of Chios, when the inhabitants were -building the walls of their city; a circumstance which gave -rise to a facetious repartee on the part of M. Cicero. It being -the practice with them to show these walls to everybody, as -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_324">324</a></span>something magnificent; “I should admire them much more,” -said he, “if you had built them of the stone used at Tibur.”<a id="FNanchor_2486_2486"></a><a href="#Footnote_2486_2486" class="fnanchor">2486</a> -And, by Hercules! the art of painting<a id="FNanchor_2487_2487"></a><a href="#Footnote_2487_2487" class="fnanchor">2487</a> never would have -been held in such esteem, or, indeed, in any esteem at all, if -variegated marbles had been held in admiration.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_6"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 6.—WHO WERE THE FIRST TO CUT MARBLE INTO SLABS, -AND AT WHAT PERIOD.</span></h3></div> - -<p>I am not sure whether the art of cutting marble into slabs, -is not an invention for which we are indebted to the people of -Caria. The most ancient instance of this practice, so far as I -know of, is found in the palace of Mausolus, at Halicarnassus, -the walls of which, in brick, are covered with marble of Proconnesus. -Mausolus died in the second year of the hundred -and seventh<a id="FNanchor_2488_2488"></a><a href="#Footnote_2488_2488" class="fnanchor">2488</a> Olympiad, being the year of Rome, 403.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_7"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 7.—WHO WAS THE FIRST TO ENCRUST THE WALLS OF HOUSES -AT ROME WITH MARBLE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The first person at Rome who covered the whole of the walls -of his house with marble, according to Cornelius Nepos,<a id="FNanchor_2489_2489"></a><a href="#Footnote_2489_2489" class="fnanchor">2489</a> was -Mamurra,<a id="FNanchor_2490_2490"></a><a href="#Footnote_2490_2490" class="fnanchor">2490</a> who dwelt upon the Cælian Hill, a member of the -equestrian order, and a native of Formiæ, who had been præfect -of the engineers under C. Cæsar in Gaul. Such was the -individual, that nothing may be wanting to the indignity -of the example, who first adopted this practice; the same -Mamurra, in fact, who has been so torn to pieces in the verses -of Catullus of Verona. Indeed, his own house proclaimed -more loudly than Catullus could proclaim it, that he had come -into possession of all that Gallia Comata had had to possess. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_325">325</a></span>For Nepos adds, as well, that he was the first to have all the -columns of his house made of nothing but solid marble, and -that, too, marble of Carystus<a id="FNanchor_2491_2491"></a><a href="#Footnote_2491_2491" class="fnanchor">2491</a> or of Luna.<a id="FNanchor_2492_2492"></a><a href="#Footnote_2492_2492" class="fnanchor">2492</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_8"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 8.—AT WHAT PERIOD THE VARIOUS KINDS OF MARBLE CAME -INTO USE AT ROME.</span></h3></div> - -<p>M. Lepidus, who was consul with Q. Catulus, was the -first to have the lintels of his house made of Numidian marble, -a thing for which he was greatly censured: he was consul in -the year of Rome, 676. This is the earliest instance that I -can find of the introduction of Numidian marble; not in the -form of pillars, however, or of slabs, as was the case with the -marble of Carystus, above-mentioned, but in blocks, and that -too, for the comparatively ignoble purpose of making the -thresholds of doors. Four-years after this Lepidus, L. Lucullus -was consul; the same person who gave its name, it is -very evident, to the Lucullan marble; for, taking a great fancy -to it, he introduced it at Rome. While other kinds of marble -are valued for their spots or their colours, this marble is entirely -black.<a id="FNanchor_2493_2493"></a><a href="#Footnote_2493_2493" class="fnanchor">2493</a> It is found in the island of Melos,<a id="FNanchor_2494_2494"></a><a href="#Footnote_2494_2494" class="fnanchor">2494</a> and is -pretty nearly the only marble that has taken its name from -the person who first introduced it. Among these personages, -Scaurus, in my opinion, was the first to build a theatre with -walls of marble: but whether they were only coated with -slabs of marble or were made of solid blocks highly polished, -such as we now see in the Temple of Jupiter Tonans,<a id="FNanchor_2495_2495"></a><a href="#Footnote_2495_2495" class="fnanchor">2495</a> in the -Capitol, I cannot exactly say: for, up to this period, I cannot -find any vestiges of the use of marble slabs in Italy.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_9"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 9.—THE METHOD OF CUTTING MARBLE INTO SLABS. THE -SAND USED IN CUTTING MARBLE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>But whoever it was that first invented the art of thus cutting -marble, and so multiplying the appliances of luxury, he displayed -considerable ingenuity, though to little purpose. This -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_326">326</a></span>division, though apparently effected by the aid of iron, is in -reality effected by sand; the saw acting only by pressing upon -the sand within a very fine cleft in the stone, as it is moved -to and fro.</p> - -<p>The<a id="FNanchor_2496_2496"></a><a href="#Footnote_2496_2496" class="fnanchor">2496</a> sand of Æthiopia is the most highly esteemed for this -purpose; for, to add to the trouble that is entailed, we have -to send to Æthiopia for the purpose of preparing our marble—aye, -and as far as India even; whereas in former times, the -severity of the Roman manners thought it beneath them to -repair thither in search of such costly things even as pearls! -This Indian sand is held in the next highest degree of estimation, -the Æthiopian being of a softer nature, and better -adapted for dividing the stone without leaving any roughness -on the surface; whereas the sand from India does not leave so -smooth a face upon it. Still, however, for polishing marble, -we find it recommended<a id="FNanchor_2497_2497"></a><a href="#Footnote_2497_2497" class="fnanchor">2497</a> to rub it with Indian sand calcined. -The sand of Naxos has the same defect; as also that from -Coptos, generally known as “Egyptian” sand.</p> - -<p>The above were the several varieties of sand used by the -ancients in dividing marble. More recently, a sand has been -discovered that is equally approved of for this purpose; in a -certain creek of the Adriatic Sea, which is left dry at low -water only; a thing that renders it not very easy to be found. -At the present day, however, the fraudulent tendencies of our -workers in marble have emboldened them to use any kind of -river-sand for the purpose; a mischief which very few employers -rightly appreciate. For, the coarser the sand, the -wider is the division made in the stone, the greater the quantity -of material consumed, and the more extensive the labour -required for polishing the rough surface that is left; a result -of which is that the slabs lose so much more in thickness. -For giving the last polish to marble,<a id="FNanchor_2498_2498"></a><a href="#Footnote_2498_2498" class="fnanchor">2498</a> Thebaic stone<a id="FNanchor_2499_2499"></a><a href="#Footnote_2499_2499" class="fnanchor">2499</a> is considered -well adapted, as also porous stone, or pumice, powdered -fine.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_327">327</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_10"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 10. (7.)—STONE OF NAXOS. STONE OF ARMENIA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>For polishing marble statues, as also for cutting and giving -a polish to precious stones, the preference was long given to -the stone of Naxos,<a id="FNanchor_2500_2500"></a><a href="#Footnote_2500_2500" class="fnanchor">2500</a> such being the name of a kind of touchstone<a id="FNanchor_2501_2501"></a><a href="#Footnote_2501_2501" class="fnanchor">2501</a> -that is found in the Isle of Cyprus. More recently, -however, the stones imported from Armenia for this purpose -have displaced those of Naxos.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_11"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 11.—THE MARBLES OF ALEXANDRIA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The marbles are too well known to make it necessary for -me to enumerate their several colours and varieties; and, -indeed, so numerous are they, that it would be no easy task to -do so. For what place is there, in fact, that has not a marble -of its own? In addition to which, in our description of the -earth and its various peoples,<a id="FNanchor_2502_2502"></a><a href="#Footnote_2502_2502" class="fnanchor">2502</a> we have already made it our -care to mention the more celebrated kinds of marble. Still, -however, they are not all of them produced from quarries, but -in many instances lie scattered just beneath the surface of the -earth; some of them the most precious even, the green Lacedæmonian -marble, for example, more brilliant in colour than -any other; the Augustan also; and, more recently, the Tiberian; -which were first discovered, in the reigns respectively of -Augustus and Tiberius, in Egypt. These two marbles differ -from ophites<a id="FNanchor_2503_2503"></a><a href="#Footnote_2503_2503" class="fnanchor">2503</a> in the circumstance that the latter is marked -with streaks which resemble serpents<a id="FNanchor_2504_2504"></a><a href="#Footnote_2504_2504" class="fnanchor">2504</a> in appearance, whence -its name. There is also this difference between the two -marbles themselves, in the arrangement of their spots: the -Augustan marble has them undulated and curling to a point; -whereas in the Tiberian the streaks are white,<a id="FNanchor_2505_2505"></a><a href="#Footnote_2505_2505" class="fnanchor">2505</a> not involved, -but lying wide asunder.</p> - -<p>Of ophites, there are only some very small pillars known to -have been made. There are two varieties of it, one white -and soft, the other inclining to black, and hard. Both kinds, -it is said, worn as an amulet, are a cure for head-ache, and for -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_328">328</a></span>wounds inflicted by serpents.<a id="FNanchor_2506_2506"></a><a href="#Footnote_2506_2506" class="fnanchor">2506</a> Some, too, recommend the -white ophites as an amulet for phrenitis and lethargy. As a -counter-poison to serpents, some persons speak more particularly -in praise of the ophites that is known as “tephrias,”<a id="FNanchor_2507_2507"></a><a href="#Footnote_2507_2507" class="fnanchor">2507</a> -from its ashy colour. There is also a marble known as -“memphites,” from the place<a id="FNanchor_2508_2508"></a><a href="#Footnote_2508_2508" class="fnanchor">2508</a> where it is found, and of a -nature somewhat analogous to the precious stones. For medicinal -purposes, it is triturated and applied in the form of a -liniment, with vinegar, to such parts of the body as require -cauterizing or incision; the flesh becoming quite benumbed, -and thereby rendered insensible to pain.</p> - -<p>Porphyrites,<a id="FNanchor_2509_2509"></a><a href="#Footnote_2509_2509" class="fnanchor">2509</a> which is another production of Egypt, is of a -red colour: the kind that is mottled with white blotches is -known as “leptospsephos.”<a id="FNanchor_2510_2510"></a><a href="#Footnote_2510_2510" class="fnanchor">2510</a> The quarries there are able to -furnish blocks<a id="FNanchor_2511_2511"></a><a href="#Footnote_2511_2511" class="fnanchor">2511</a> of any dimensions, however large. Vitrasius -Pollio, who was steward<a id="FNanchor_2512_2512"></a><a href="#Footnote_2512_2512" class="fnanchor">2512</a> in Egypt for the Emperor Claudius, -brought to Rome from Egypt some statues made of this stone; -a novelty which was not very highly approved of, as no one -has since followed his example. The Egyptians, too, have -discovered in Æthiopia the stone known as “basanites;”<a id="FNanchor_2513_2513"></a><a href="#Footnote_2513_2513" class="fnanchor">2513</a> -which in colour and hardness resembles iron, whence the -name<a id="FNanchor_2514_2514"></a><a href="#Footnote_2514_2514" class="fnanchor">2514</a> that has been given to it. A larger block of it has -never been known than the one forming the group which has -been dedicated by the Emperor Vespasianus Augustus in the -Temple of Peace. It represents the river Nilus with sixteen -children sporting around it,<a id="FNanchor_2515_2515"></a><a href="#Footnote_2515_2515" class="fnanchor">2515</a> symbolical of the sixteen cubits, -the extreme height<a id="FNanchor_2516_2516"></a><a href="#Footnote_2516_2516" class="fnanchor">2516</a> to which, in the most favourable seasons, -that river should rise. It is stated, too, that in the Temple -of Serapis at Thebes, there is a block not unlike it, which -forms the statue of Memnon<a id="FNanchor_2517_2517"></a><a href="#Footnote_2517_2517" class="fnanchor">2517</a> there; remarkable, it is said, for -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_329">329</a></span>emitting a sound each morning when first touched by the rays -of the rising sun.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_12"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 12.—ONYX AND ALABASTRITES; SIX REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Our forefathers imagined that onyx<a id="FNanchor_2518_2518"></a><a href="#Footnote_2518_2518" class="fnanchor">2518</a> was only to be -found in the mountains of Arabia, and nowhere else; but -Sudines<a id="FNanchor_2519_2519"></a><a href="#Footnote_2519_2519" class="fnanchor">2519</a> was aware that it is also found in Carmania.<a id="FNanchor_2520_2520"></a><a href="#Footnote_2520_2520" class="fnanchor">2520</a> -Drinking-vessels were made of it at first, and then the feet of -beds and chairs. Cornelius Nepos relates that great was the -astonishment, when P. Lentulus Spinther exhibited amphoræ -made of this material, as large as Chian wine-vessels in -size; “and yet, five years after,” says he, “I saw columns of -this material, no less than two-and-thirty feet in height.” At -a more recent period again, some change took place<a id="FNanchor_2521_2521"></a><a href="#Footnote_2521_2521" class="fnanchor">2521</a> with -reference to this stone; for four<a id="FNanchor_2522_2522"></a><a href="#Footnote_2522_2522" class="fnanchor">2522</a> small pillars of it were -erected by Cornelius Balbus in his Theatre<a id="FNanchor_2523_2523"></a><a href="#Footnote_2523_2523" class="fnanchor">2523</a> as something -quite marvellous: and I myself have seen thirty columns, of -larger size, in the banquetting-room which Callistus<a id="FNanchor_2524_2524"></a><a href="#Footnote_2524_2524" class="fnanchor">2524</a> erected, -the freedman of Claudius, so well known for the influence -which he possessed.</p> - -<p>(8.) This<a id="FNanchor_2525_2525"></a><a href="#Footnote_2525_2525" class="fnanchor">2525</a> stone is called “alabastrites”<a id="FNanchor_2526_2526"></a><a href="#Footnote_2526_2526" class="fnanchor">2526</a> by some, and is -hollowed out into vessels for holding unguents, it having the -reputation of preserving them from corruption<a id="FNanchor_2527_2527"></a><a href="#Footnote_2527_2527" class="fnanchor">2527</a> better than -anything else. In a calcined state, it is a good ingredient for -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_330">330</a></span>plaisters.<a id="FNanchor_2528_2528"></a><a href="#Footnote_2528_2528" class="fnanchor">2528</a> It is found in the vicinity of Thebes in Egypt and -of Damascus in Syria, that of Damascus being whiter than the -others. The most esteemed kind, however, is that of Carmania, -the next being the produce of India, and then, those of -Syria and Asia. The worst in quality is that of Cappadocia, -it being utterly destitute of lustre. That which is of a honey -colour is the most esteemed, covered with spots curling in -whirls,<a id="FNanchor_2529_2529"></a><a href="#Footnote_2529_2529" class="fnanchor">2529</a> and not transparent. Alabastrites is considered defective, -when it is of a white or horn colour, or approaching -to glass in appearance.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_13"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 13.—LYGDINUS; CORALLITIC STONE; STONE OF ALABANDA; -STONE OF THEBAIS; STONE OF SYENE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Little inferior to it for the preservation of unguents, in the -opinion of many, is the stone, called “lygdinus,”<a id="FNanchor_2530_2530"></a><a href="#Footnote_2530_2530" class="fnanchor">2530</a> that is -found in Paros, and never of a larger size than to admit of a -dish or goblet being made of it. In former times, it was only -imported from Arabia, being remarkable for its extreme -whiteness.</p> - -<p>Great value is placed also upon two other kinds of stone, of -quite a contrary nature; corallitic<a id="FNanchor_2531_2531"></a><a href="#Footnote_2531_2531" class="fnanchor">2531</a> stone, found in Asia, in blocks -not more than two cubits in thickness, and of a white somewhat -approaching that of ivory, and in some degree resembling -it; and Alabandic stone, which, on the other hand, is black, -and is so called from the district<a id="FNanchor_2532_2532"></a><a href="#Footnote_2532_2532" class="fnanchor">2532</a> which produces it: though -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_331">331</a></span>it is also to be found at Miletus, where, however, it verges -somewhat more upon the purple. It admits of being melted -by the action of fire, and is fused for the preparation of glass.</p> - -<p>Thebaic stone, which is sprinkled all over with spots like -gold, is found in Africa, on the side of it which lies adjacent -to Egypt; the small hones which it supplies being peculiarly -adapted, from their natural properties, for grinding the ingredients -used in preparations for the eyes. In the neighbourhood -of Syene, too, in Thebais, there is a stone found -that is now known as “syenites,”<a id="FNanchor_2533_2533"></a><a href="#Footnote_2533_2533" class="fnanchor">2533</a> but was formerly called -“pyrrhopœcilon.”<a id="FNanchor_2534_2534"></a><a href="#Footnote_2534_2534" class="fnanchor">2534</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_14"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 14.—OBELISKS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Monarchs, too, have entered into a sort of rivalry with one -another in forming elongated blocks of this stone, known as -“obelisks,”<a id="FNanchor_2535_2535"></a><a href="#Footnote_2535_2535" class="fnanchor">2535</a> and consecrated to the divinity of the Sun. -The blocks had this form given to them in resemblance to -the rays of that luminary, which are so called<a id="FNanchor_2536_2536"></a><a href="#Footnote_2536_2536" class="fnanchor">2536</a> in the Egyptian -language.</p> - -<p>Mesphres,<a id="FNanchor_2537_2537"></a><a href="#Footnote_2537_2537" class="fnanchor">2537</a> who reigned in the City of the Sun,<a id="FNanchor_2538_2538"></a><a href="#Footnote_2538_2538" class="fnanchor">2538</a> was the -first who erected one of these obelisks, being warned to do so -in a dream; indeed, there is an inscription upon the obelisk to -this effect; for the sculptures and figures which we still see -engraved thereon are no other than Egyptian letters.<a id="FNanchor_2539_2539"></a><a href="#Footnote_2539_2539" class="fnanchor">2539</a></p> - -<p>At a later period other kings had these obelisks hewn. -Sesosthes<a id="FNanchor_2540_2540"></a><a href="#Footnote_2540_2540" class="fnanchor">2540</a> erected four of them in the above-named city, -forty-eight cubits in height. Rhamsesis,<a id="FNanchor_2541_2541"></a><a href="#Footnote_2541_2541" class="fnanchor">2541</a> too, who was -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_332">332</a></span>reigning at the time of the capture of Troy, erected one, a -hundred and forty cubits high. Having quitted the spot -where the palace of Mnevis<a id="FNanchor_2542_2542"></a><a href="#Footnote_2542_2542" class="fnanchor">2542</a> stood, this monarch erected -another obelisk,<a id="FNanchor_2543_2543"></a><a href="#Footnote_2543_2543" class="fnanchor">2543</a> one hundred and twenty cubits in height, -but of prodigious thickness, the sides being no less than -eleven cubits in breadth. (9.) It is said that one hundred -and twenty thousand men were employed upon this work;<a href="#Footnote_2543_2543" class="fnanchor">2543</a> -and that the king, when it was on the point of being elevated, -being apprehensive that the machinery employed might not -prove strong enough for the weight, with the view of increasing -the peril that might be entailed by due want of precaution -on the part of the workmen, had his own son fastened to the -summit; in order that the safety of the prince might at the -same time ensure the safety of the mass of stone. It was in his -admiration of this work, that, when King Cambyses took the -city by storm, and the conflagration had already reached the -very foot of the obelisk, he ordered the fire to be extinguished; -he entertaining a respect for this stupendous erection which -he had not entertained for the city itself.</p> - -<p>There are also two other obelisks, one of them erected by -Zmarres,<a id="FNanchor_2544_2544"></a><a href="#Footnote_2544_2544" class="fnanchor">2544</a> and the other by Phius;<a id="FNanchor_2545_2545"></a><a href="#Footnote_2545_2545" class="fnanchor">2545</a> both of them without -inscriptions, and forty-eight cubits in height. Ptolemæus -Philadelphus had one erected at Alexandria, eighty cubits -high, which had been prepared by order of King Necthebis:<a id="FNanchor_2546_2546"></a><a href="#Footnote_2546_2546" class="fnanchor">2546</a> -it was without any inscription, and cost far more trouble in -its carriage and elevation, than had been originally expended -in quarrying it. Some writers inform us that it was conveyed -on a raft, under the inspection of the architect Satyrus; -but Callixenus<a id="FNanchor_2547_2547"></a><a href="#Footnote_2547_2547" class="fnanchor">2547</a> gives the name of Phœnix. For this purpose, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_333">333</a></span>a canal was dug from the river Nilus to the spot where -the obelisk lay; and two broad vessels, laden with blocks of -similar stone a foot square, the cargo of each amounting to -double the size, and consequently double the weight, of the -obelisk, were brought beneath it; the extremities, of the -obelisk remaining supported by the opposite sides of the canal. -The blocks of stone were then removed, and the vessels, being -thus gradually lightened, received their burden. It was -erected upon a basis of six square blocks, quarried from the -same mountain, and the artist was rewarded with the sum of -fifty talents.<a id="FNanchor_2548_2548"></a><a href="#Footnote_2548_2548" class="fnanchor">2548</a> This obelisk was placed by the king above-mentioned -in the Arsinoœum,<a id="FNanchor_2549_2549"></a><a href="#Footnote_2549_2549" class="fnanchor">2549</a> in testimony of his affection for -his wife and sister Arsinoë. At a later period, as it was found -to be an inconvenience to the docks, Maximus, the then præfect -of Egypt, had it transferred to the Forum there, after removing -the summit for the purpose of substituting a gilded point; an -intention which was ultimately abandoned.</p> - -<p>There are two other obelisks, which were in Cæsar’s Temple -at Alexandria, near the harbour there, forty-two cubits in -height, and originally hewn by order of King Mesphres. But -the most difficult enterprise of all, was the carriage of these -obelisks by sea to Rome, in vessels which excited the greatest -admiration. Indeed, the late Emperor Augustus consecrated -the one which brought over the first obelisk, as a lasting -memorial of this marvellous undertaking, in the docks at -Puteoli; but it was destroyed by fire. As to the one in which, -by order of the Emperor Caius,<a id="FNanchor_2550_2550"></a><a href="#Footnote_2550_2550" class="fnanchor">2550</a> the other obelisk had been -transported to Rome, after having been preserved for some -years and looked upon as the most wonderful construction ever -beheld upon the seas, it was brought to Ostia, by order of the -late Emperor Claudius; and towers of Puteolan<a id="FNanchor_2551_2551"></a><a href="#Footnote_2551_2551" class="fnanchor">2551</a> earth being -first erected upon it, it was sunk for the construction of the -harbour which he was making there. And then, besides, there -was the necessity of constructing other vessels to carry these -obelisks up the Tiber; by which it became practically ascertained, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_334">334</a></span>that the depth of water in that river is not less than -that of the river Nilus.</p> - -<p>The obelisk that was erected by the late Emperor Augustus -in the Great Circus,<a id="FNanchor_2552_2552"></a><a href="#Footnote_2552_2552" class="fnanchor">2552</a> was originally quarried by order of King -Semenpserteus,<a id="FNanchor_2553_2553"></a><a href="#Footnote_2553_2553" class="fnanchor">2553</a> in whose reign it was that Pythagoras<a id="FNanchor_2554_2554"></a><a href="#Footnote_2554_2554" class="fnanchor">2554</a> visited -Egypt. It is eighty-five feet<a id="FNanchor_2555_2555"></a><a href="#Footnote_2555_2555" class="fnanchor">2555</a> and three quarters in height, -exclusive of the base, which is a part of the same stone. The -one that he erected in the Campus Martius, is nine feet less in -height, and was originally made by order of Sesothis. They -are both of them covered with inscriptions, which interpret -the operations of Nature according to the philosophy of the -Egyptians.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_15"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 15. (10.)—THE OBELISK WHICH SERVES AS A DIAL IN THE -CAMPUS MARTIUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The one that has been erected in the Campus Martius<a id="FNanchor_2556_2556"></a><a href="#Footnote_2556_2556" class="fnanchor">2556</a> has -been applied to a singular purpose by the late Emperor -Augustus; that of marking the shadows projected by the sun, -and so measuring the length of the days and nights. With this -object, a stone pavement was laid, the extreme length of -which corresponded exactly with the length of the shadow -thrown by the obelisk at the sixth hour<a id="FNanchor_2557_2557"></a><a href="#Footnote_2557_2557" class="fnanchor">2557</a> on the day of the winter -solstice. After this period, the shadow would go on, day by -day, gradually decreasing, and then again<a id="FNanchor_2558_2558"></a><a href="#Footnote_2558_2558" class="fnanchor">2558</a> would as gradually -increase, correspondingly with certain lines of brass that were -inserted in the stone; a device well deserving to be known, -and due to the ingenuity of Facundus Novus, the mathematician. -Upon the apex of the obelisk he placed a gilded -ball, in order that the shadow of the summit might be condensed -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_335">335</a></span>and agglomerated, and so prevent the shadow of the -apex itself from running to a fine point of enormous extent; -the plan being first suggested to him, it is said, by the shadow -that is projected by the human head. For nearly the last -thirty years, however, the observations derived from this dial -have been found not to agree: whether it is that the sun -itself has changed its course in consequence of some derangement -of the heavenly system; or whether that the whole -earth has been in some degree displaced from its centre, a -thing that, I have heard say, has been remarked in other places -as well; or whether that some earthquake, confined to this -city only, has wrenched the dial from its original position; or -whether it is that in consequence of the inundations of the -Tiber, the foundations of the mass have subsided, in spite of -the general assertion that they are sunk as deep into the earth -as the obelisk erected upon them is high.</p> - -<p>(11.) The third<a id="FNanchor_2559_2559"></a><a href="#Footnote_2559_2559" class="fnanchor">2559</a> obelisk<a id="FNanchor_2560_2560"></a><a href="#Footnote_2560_2560" class="fnanchor">2560</a> at Rome is in the Vaticanian<a id="FNanchor_2561_2561"></a><a href="#Footnote_2561_2561" class="fnanchor">2561</a> -Circus, which was constructed by the Emperors Caius<a id="FNanchor_2562_2562"></a><a href="#Footnote_2562_2562" class="fnanchor">2562</a> and Nero; -this being the only one of them all that has been broken in -the carriage. Nuncoreus,<a id="FNanchor_2563_2563"></a><a href="#Footnote_2563_2563" class="fnanchor">2563</a> the son of Sesoses, made it: and -there remains<a id="FNanchor_2564_2564"></a><a href="#Footnote_2564_2564" class="fnanchor">2564</a> another by him, one hundred cubits in height, -which, by order of an oracle, he consecrated to the Sun, after -having lost his sight and recovered it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_16"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 16. (12.)—MARVELLOUS WORKS IN EGYPT. THE PYRAMIDS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We must make some mention, too, however cursorily, of the -Pyramids of Egypt, so many idle<a id="FNanchor_2565_2565"></a><a href="#Footnote_2565_2565" class="fnanchor">2565</a> and frivolous pieces of -ostentation of their resources, on the part of the monarchs of -that country. Indeed, it is asserted by most persons, that the -only motive for constructing them, was either a determination -not to leave their treasures to their successors or to rivals that -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_336">336</a></span>might be plotting to supplant them, or to prevent the lower -classes from remaining unoccupied. There was great vanity -displayed by these men in constructions of this description, -and there are still the remains of many of them in an unfinished -state. There is one to be seen in the Nome of Arsinoïtes;<a id="FNanchor_2566_2566"></a><a href="#Footnote_2566_2566" class="fnanchor">2566</a> -two in that of Memphites, not far from the Labyrinth, -of which we shall shortly have to speak;<a id="FNanchor_2567_2567"></a><a href="#Footnote_2567_2567" class="fnanchor">2567</a> and two in the place -where Lake Mœris<a id="FNanchor_2568_2568"></a><a href="#Footnote_2568_2568" class="fnanchor">2568</a> was excavated, an immense artificial -piece of water, cited by the Egyptians among their wondrous -and memorable works: the summits of the pyramids, it is said, -are to be seen above the water.</p> - -<p>The other three pyramids, the renown of which has filled -the whole earth, and which are conspicuous from every quarter -to persons navigating the river, are situate on the African<a id="FNanchor_2569_2569"></a><a href="#Footnote_2569_2569" class="fnanchor">2569</a> -side of it, upon a rocky sterile elevation. They lie between -the city of Memphis and what we have mentioned<a id="FNanchor_2570_2570"></a><a href="#Footnote_2570_2570" class="fnanchor">2570</a> as the -Delta, within four miles of the river, and seven miles and -a-half from Memphis, near a village known as Busiris, the -people of which are in the habit of ascending them.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_17"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 17.—THE EGYPTIAN SPHINX.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In front of these pyramids is the Sphinx,<a id="FNanchor_2571_2571"></a><a href="#Footnote_2571_2571" class="fnanchor">2571</a> a still more -wondrous object of art, but one upon which silence has been -observed, as it is looked upon as a divinity by the people of -the neighbourhood. It is their belief that King Harmaïs was -buried in it, and they will have it that it was brought there -from a distance. The truth is, however, that it was hewn -from the solid rock; and, from a feeling of veneration, the face -of the monster is coloured red. The circumference of the head, -measured round the forehead, is one hundred and two feet, the -length of the feet being one hundred and forty-three, and the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_337">337</a></span>height, from the belly to the summit of the asp on the head, -sixty-two.<a id="FNanchor_2572_2572"></a><a href="#Footnote_2572_2572" class="fnanchor">2572</a></p> - -<p>The largest<a id="FNanchor_2573_2573"></a><a href="#Footnote_2573_2573" class="fnanchor">2573</a> Pyramid is built of stone quarried in Arabia: -three hundred and sixty thousand men, it is said, were employed -upon it twenty years, and the three were completed in -seventy-eight years and four months. They are described by -the following writers: Herodotus,<a id="FNanchor_2574_2574"></a><a href="#Footnote_2574_2574" class="fnanchor">2574</a> Euhemerus, Duris of -Samos, Aristagoras, Dionysius, Artemidorus, Alexander Polyhistor, -Butoridas, Antisthenes, Demetrius, Demoteles, and -Apion. These authors, however, are disagreed as to the persons -by whom they were constructed; accident having, with very -considerable justice, consigned to oblivion the names of those -who erected such stupendous memorials of their vanity. Some -of these writers inform us that fifteen hundred talents were -expended upon radishes, garlic, and onions<a id="FNanchor_2575_2575"></a><a href="#Footnote_2575_2575" class="fnanchor">2575</a> alone.</p> - -<p>The largest Pyramid occupies seven<a id="FNanchor_2576_2576"></a><a href="#Footnote_2576_2576" class="fnanchor">2576</a> jugera of ground, and -the four angles are equidistant, the face of each side being eight -hundred and thirty-three<a id="FNanchor_2577_2577"></a><a href="#Footnote_2577_2577" class="fnanchor">2577</a> feet in length. The total height -from the ground to the summit is seven hundred and twenty-five -feet, and the platform on the summit is sixteen feet and -a-half in circuit. Of the second Pyramid, the faces of the four -sides are each seven hundred and fifty-seven feet and a-half in -length.<a id="FNanchor_2578_2578"></a><a href="#Footnote_2578_2578" class="fnanchor">2578</a> The third is smaller than the others, but far more -prepossessing in appearance: it is built of Æthiopian stone,<a id="FNanchor_2579_2579"></a><a href="#Footnote_2579_2579" class="fnanchor">2579</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_338">338</a></span>and the face between the four corners is three hundred and -sixty-three feet in extent. In the vicinity of these erections, -there are no vestiges of any buildings left. Far and wide -there is nothing but sand to be seen, of a grain somewhat like -a lentil in appearance, similar to that of the greater part of -Africa, in fact.</p> - -<p>The most difficult problem is, to know how the materials -for construction could possibly be carried to so vast a height. -According to some authorities, as the building gradually advanced, -they heaped up against it vast mounds of nitre<a id="FNanchor_2580_2580"></a><a href="#Footnote_2580_2580" class="fnanchor">2580</a> and -salt; which piles were melted after its completion, by introducing -beneath them the waters of the river. Others, again, -maintain, that bridges were constructed, of bricks of clay, and -that, when the pyramid was completed, these bricks were distributed -for erecting the houses of private individuals. For<a id="FNanchor_2581_2581"></a><a href="#Footnote_2581_2581" class="fnanchor">2581</a> -the level of the river, they say, being so much lower, water -could never by any possibility have been brought there by the -medium of canals. In the interior of the largest Pyramid -there is a well, eighty-six cubits deep, which communicates -with the river, it is thought. The method of ascertaining the -height of the Pyramids and all similar edifices was discovered<a id="FNanchor_2582_2582"></a><a href="#Footnote_2582_2582" class="fnanchor">2582</a> -by Thales of Miletus; he measuring the shadow at the hour of -the day at which it is equal in length to the body projecting it.</p> - -<p>Such are the marvellous Pyramids; but the crowning marvel -of all is, that the smallest, but most admired of them—that we -may feel no surprise at the opulence of the kings—was built by -Rhodopis,<a id="FNanchor_2583_2583"></a><a href="#Footnote_2583_2583" class="fnanchor">2583</a> a courtesan! This woman was once the fellow-slave -of Æsopus the philosopher and fabulist, and the sharer -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_339">339</a></span>of his bed; but what is much more surprising is, that a courtesan -should have been enabled, by her vocation, to amass such -enormous wealth.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_18"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 18.—THE PHAROS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is another building, too, that is highly celebrated; -the tower that was built by a king of Egypt, on the island of -Pharos, at the entrance to the<a id="FNanchor_2584_2584"></a><a href="#Footnote_2584_2584" class="fnanchor">2584</a> harbour of Alexandria. The -cost of its erection was eight hundred talents, they say; and, -not to omit the magnanimity that was shown by King Ptolemæus<a id="FNanchor_2585_2585"></a><a href="#Footnote_2585_2585" class="fnanchor">2585</a> -on this occasion, he gave permission to the architect, -Sostratus<a id="FNanchor_2586_2586"></a><a href="#Footnote_2586_2586" class="fnanchor">2586</a> of Cnidos, to inscribe his name upon the edifice -itself. The object of it is, by the light of its fires at night, -to give warning to ships, of the neighbouring shoals, and to -point out to them the entrance of the harbour. At the -present day, there are similar fires lighted up in numerous -places, Ostia and Ravenna, for example. The only danger<a id="FNanchor_2587_2587"></a><a href="#Footnote_2587_2587" class="fnanchor">2587</a> -is, that when these fires are thus kept burning without intermission, -they may be mistaken for stars, the flames having -very much that appearance at a distance. This architect is -the first person that built a promenade upon arches; at Cnidos, -it is said.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_19"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 19. (13.)—LABYRINTHS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We must speak also of the Labyrinths, the most stupendous -works, perhaps, on which mankind has expended its labours; -and not for chimerical purposes, merely, as might possibly be -supposed.</p> - -<p>There is still in Egypt, in the Nome of Heracleopolites,<a id="FNanchor_2588_2588"></a><a href="#Footnote_2588_2588" class="fnanchor">2588</a> a -labyrinth,<a id="FNanchor_2589_2589"></a><a href="#Footnote_2589_2589" class="fnanchor">2589</a> which was the first constructed, three thousand -six hundred years ago, they say, by King Petesuchis or -Tithöes: although, according to Herodotus, the entire work -was the production of no less than twelve kings, the last of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_340">340</a></span>whom was Psammetichus. As to the purpose for which it -was built, there are various opinions: Demoteles says that it -was the palace of King Moteris, and Lyceas that it was the tomb -of Mœris, while many others assert that it was a building -consecrated to the Sun, an opinion which mostly prevails.</p> - -<p>That Dædalus took this for the model of the Labyrinth -which he constructed in Crete, there can be no doubt; though -he only reproduced the hundredth part of it, that portion, -namely, which encloses circuitous passages, windings, and -inextricable galleries which lead to and fro. We must not, -comparing this last to what we see delineated on our mosaic -pavements, or to the mazes<a id="FNanchor_2590_2590"></a><a href="#Footnote_2590_2590" class="fnanchor">2590</a> formed in the fields for the -amusement of children, suppose it to be a narrow promenade -along which we may walk for many miles together; but we -must picture to ourselves a building filled with numerous -doors, and galleries which continually mislead the visitor, -bringing him back, after all his wanderings, to the spot from -which he first set out. This<a id="FNanchor_2591_2591"></a><a href="#Footnote_2591_2591" class="fnanchor">2591</a> Labyrinth is the second, that of -Egypt being the first. There is a third in the Isle of -Lemnos, and a fourth in Italy.</p> - -<p>They are all of them covered with arched roofs of polished -stone; at the entrance, too, of the Egyptian Labyrinth, a thing -that surprises me, the building is constructed of Parian marble, -while throughout the other parts of it the columns are of -syenites.<a id="FNanchor_2592_2592"></a><a href="#Footnote_2592_2592" class="fnanchor">2592</a> With such solidity is this huge mass constructed, -that the lapse of ages has been totally unable to destroy it, -seconded as it has been by the people of Heracleopolites, who -have marvellously ravaged a work which they have always -held in abhorrence. To detail the position of this work and -the various portions of it is quite impossible, it being subdivided -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_341">341</a></span>into regions and præfectures, which are styled nomes,<a id="FNanchor_2593_2593"></a><a href="#Footnote_2593_2593" class="fnanchor">2593</a> -thirty in number, with a vast palace assigned to each. In -addition to these, it should contain temples of all the gods of -Egypt, and forty statues of Nemesis<a id="FNanchor_2594_2594"></a><a href="#Footnote_2594_2594" class="fnanchor">2594</a> in as many sacred -shrines; besides numerous pyramids, forty ells<a id="FNanchor_2595_2595"></a><a href="#Footnote_2595_2595" class="fnanchor">2595</a> in height, and -covering six aruræ<a id="FNanchor_2596_2596"></a><a href="#Footnote_2596_2596" class="fnanchor">2596</a> at the base. Fatigued with wandering -to and fro, the visitor is sure to arrive at some inextricable -crossing or other of the galleries. And then, too, there are -banquetting rooms situate at the summit of steep ascents; -porticos from which we descend by flights of ninety steps; -columns in the interior, made of porphyrites;<a id="FNanchor_2597_2597"></a><a href="#Footnote_2597_2597" class="fnanchor">2597</a> figures of gods; -statues of kings; and effigies of hideous monsters. Some of -the palaces are so peculiarly constructed, that the moment the -doors are opened a dreadful sound like that of thunder reverberates -within: the greater part, too, of these edifices have to be -traversed in total darkness. Then again, without the walls of -the Labyrinth, there rises another mass of buildings known as -the “Pteron;”<a id="FNanchor_2598_2598"></a><a href="#Footnote_2598_2598" class="fnanchor">2598</a> beneath which there are passages excavated -leading to other subterranean palaces. One person, and only -one, has made some slight repairs to the Labyrinth; Chæremon,<a id="FNanchor_2599_2599"></a><a href="#Footnote_2599_2599" class="fnanchor">2599</a> -an eunuch of King Necthebis, who lived five hundred -years before the time of Alexander the Great. It is asserted, -also, that while the arched roofs of squared stone were being -raised, he had them supported by beams of thorn<a id="FNanchor_2600_2600"></a><a href="#Footnote_2600_2600" class="fnanchor">2600</a> boiled -in oil.</p> - -<p>As for the Cretan Labyrinth, what I have already stated -must suffice for that. The Labyrinth of Lemnos<a id="FNanchor_2601_2601"></a><a href="#Footnote_2601_2601" class="fnanchor">2601</a> is similar -to it, only that it is rendered more imposing by its -hundred and fifty columns; the shafts of which, when in the -stone-yard, were so nicely balanced, that a child was able to -manage the wheel of the lathe in turning them. The architects -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_342">342</a></span>were, Smilis,<a id="FNanchor_2602_2602"></a><a href="#Footnote_2602_2602" class="fnanchor">2602</a> Rhœcus,<a id="FNanchor_2603_2603"></a><a href="#Footnote_2603_2603" class="fnanchor">2603</a> and Theodorus, natives of the -island, and there are still in existence some remains of it; -whereas of the Cretan Labyrinth and of that in Italy not a -vestige is left.</p> - -<p>As to this last, which Porsena, King of Etruria, erected as -his intended sepulchre, it is only proper that I should make -some mention of it, if only to show that the vanity displayed -by foreign monarchs, great as it is, has been surpassed. But -as the fabulousness of the story connected with it quite exceeds -all bounds, I shall employ the words given by M. Varro -himself in his account of it:—“Porsena was buried,” says he, -“beneath the city of Clusium;<a id="FNanchor_2604_2604"></a><a href="#Footnote_2604_2604" class="fnanchor">2604</a> in the spot where he had had -constructed a square monument, built of squared stone. Each -side of this monument was three hundred feet in length and -fifty in height, and beneath the base, which was also square, -there was an inextricable labyrinth, into which if any one -entered without a clew of thread, he could never find his way -out. Above this square building there stand five pyramids, -one at each corner, and one in the middle, seventy-five feet -broad at the base, and one hundred and fifty feet in height. -These pyramids are so tapering in their form, that upon the -summit of all of them united there rests a brazen globe, and -upon that a petasus;<a id="FNanchor_2605_2605"></a><a href="#Footnote_2605_2605" class="fnanchor">2605</a> from which there hang, suspended by -chains, bells, which make a tinkling when agitated by the -wind, like what was done at Dodona<a id="FNanchor_2606_2606"></a><a href="#Footnote_2606_2606" class="fnanchor">2606</a> in former times. Upon -this globe there are four other pyramids, each one hundred -feet in height; and above them is a single platform, on which -there are five more pyramids,”<a id="FNanchor_2607_2607"></a><a href="#Footnote_2607_2607" class="fnanchor">2607</a>—the height of which Varro has -evidently felt ashamed to add; but, according to the Etruscan -fables, it was equal to that of the rest of the building. What -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_343">343</a></span>downright madness this, to attempt to seek glory at an outlay -which can never be of utility to any one; to say nothing of -exhausting the resources of the kingdom, and after all, that -the artist may reap the greater share of the praise!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_20"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 20.—HANGING GARDENS. A HANGING CITY.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We read, too, of hanging gardens,<a id="FNanchor_2608_2608"></a><a href="#Footnote_2608_2608" class="fnanchor">2608</a> and what is even more -than this, a hanging city,<a id="FNanchor_2609_2609"></a><a href="#Footnote_2609_2609" class="fnanchor">2609</a> Thebes in Egypt: it being the practice -for the kings to lead forth their armies from beneath, -while the inhabitants were totally unconscious of it. This, too, -is even less surprising than the fact that a river flows through -the middle of the city. If, however, all this had really been -the case, there is no doubt that Homer would have mentioned -it, he who has celebrated the hundred gates of Thebes.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_21"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 21. (14.)—THE TEMPLE OF DIANA AT EPHESUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The most wonderful monument of Græcian magnificence, -and one that merits our genuine admiration, is the Temple of -Diana at Ephesus, which took one hundred and twenty years -in building, a work in which all Asia<a id="FNanchor_2610_2610"></a><a href="#Footnote_2610_2610" class="fnanchor">2610</a> joined. A marshy soil -was selected for its site, in order that it might not suffer from -earthquakes, or the chasms which they produce. On the -other hand, again, that the foundations of so vast a pile might -not have to rest upon a loose and shifting bed, layers of trodden -charcoal were placed beneath, with fleeces<a id="FNanchor_2611_2611"></a><a href="#Footnote_2611_2611" class="fnanchor">2611</a> covered with wool -upon the top of them. The entire length of the temple is -four hundred and twenty-five feet, and the breadth two hundred -and twenty-five. The columns are one hundred and -twenty-seven in number, and sixty feet in height, each of -them presented by a different king. Thirty-six of these -columns are carved, and one of them by the hand of Scopas.<a id="FNanchor_2612_2612"></a><a href="#Footnote_2612_2612" class="fnanchor">2612</a> -Chersiphron<a id="FNanchor_2613_2613"></a><a href="#Footnote_2613_2613" class="fnanchor">2613</a> was the architect who presided over the work.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_344">344</a></span>The great marvel in this building is, how such ponderous -architraves<a id="FNanchor_2614_2614"></a><a href="#Footnote_2614_2614" class="fnanchor">2614</a> could possibly have been raised to so great a -height. This, however, the architect effected by means of -bags filled with sand, which he piled up upon an inclined -plane until they reached beyond the capitals of the columns; -then, as he gradually emptied the lower bags, the architraves<a id="FNanchor_2615_2615"></a><a href="#Footnote_2615_2615" class="fnanchor">2615</a> -insensibly settled in the places assigned them. But the -greatest difficulty of all was found, in laying the lintel which -he placed over the entrance-doors. It was an enormous mass -of stone, and by no possibility could it be brought to lie level -upon the jambs which formed its bed; in consequence of -which, the architect was driven to such a state of anxiety and -desperation as to contemplate suicide. Wearied and quite -worn out by such thoughts as these, during the night, they -say, he beheld in a dream the goddess in honour of whom the -temple was being erected; who exhorted him to live on, for -that she herself had placed the stone in its proper position. -And such, in fact, next morning, was found to be the case, -the stone apparently having come to the proper level by dint -of its own weight. The other decorations of this work would -suffice to fill many volumes, but they do not tend in any way -to illustrate the works of Nature.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_22"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 22. (15.)—MARVELS CONNECTED WITH OTHER TEMPLES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There still exists, too, at Cyzicus,<a id="FNanchor_2616_2616"></a><a href="#Footnote_2616_2616" class="fnanchor">2616</a> a temple of polished -stone, between all the joints of which the artist has inserted a -thread of gold; it being his intention to erect an ivory statue -of Jupiter within, with Apollo in marble crowning him. The -result is, that the interstices quite glisten with their fine, -hair-like threads; and the reflection of the gold, obscured as it -is, gently falling upon the statues, besides proclaiming the -genius of the artist, heightens their effect, and so teaches us -to appreciate the costliness of the work.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_23"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 23.—THE FUGITIVE STONE. THE SEVEN-FOLD ECHO. -BUILDINGS ERECTED WITHOUT THE USE OF NAILS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the same city also, there is a stone, known as the “Fugitive -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_345">345</a></span>Stone;”<a id="FNanchor_2617_2617"></a><a href="#Footnote_2617_2617" class="fnanchor">2617</a> the Argonautæ, who used it for the purposes of -an anchor, having left it there. This stone having repeatedly -taken flight from the Prytanæum,<a id="FNanchor_2618_2618"></a><a href="#Footnote_2618_2618" class="fnanchor">2618</a> the place so called where -it is kept, it has been fastened down with lead. In this -city also, near the gate which is known as the “Trachia,”<a id="FNanchor_2619_2619"></a><a href="#Footnote_2619_2619" class="fnanchor">2619</a> -there are seven towers, which repeat a number of times all -sounds that are uttered in them. This phenomenon, to which -the name of “Echo,” has been given by the Greeks, depends -upon the peculiar conformation of localities, and is produced -in valleys more particularly. At Cyzicus, however, it is the -effect of accident only; while at Olympia, it is produced by -artificial means, and in a very marvellous manner; in a portico -there, which is known as the “Heptaphonon,”<a id="FNanchor_2620_2620"></a><a href="#Footnote_2620_2620" class="fnanchor">2620</a> from the circumstance -that it returns the sound of the voice seven times.</p> - -<p>At Cyzicus, also, is the Buleuterium,<a id="FNanchor_2621_2621"></a><a href="#Footnote_2621_2621" class="fnanchor">2621</a> a vast edifice, constructed -without a nail of iron; the raftering being so contrived -as to admit of the beams being removed and replaced -without the use of stays. A similar thing, too, is the case -with the Sublician Bridge<a id="FNanchor_2622_2622"></a><a href="#Footnote_2622_2622" class="fnanchor">2622</a> at Rome; and this by enactment, -on religious grounds, there having been such difficulty experienced -in breaking it down when Horatius Cocles”<a id="FNanchor_2623_2623"></a><a href="#Footnote_2623_2623" class="fnanchor">2623</a> defended it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 24.—MARVELLOUS BUILDINGS AT ROME, EIGHTEEN IN NUMBER.</span></h3></div> - -<p>But it is now time to pass on to the marvels in building -displayed by our own City, and to make some enquiry into the -resources and experience that we have gained in the lapse of -eight hundred years; and so prove that here, as well, the rest of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_346">346</a></span>the world has been outdone by us: a thing which will appear, -in fact, to have occurred almost as many times as the marvels -are in number which I shall have to enumerate. If, indeed, -all the buildings of our City are considered in the aggregate, -and supposing them, so to say, all thrown together in one -vast mass, the united grandeur of them would lead one to -suppose that we were describing another world, accumulated -in a single spot.</p> - -<p>Not to mention among our great works, the Circus Maximus, -that was constructed by the Dictator Cæsar, one stadium -in width and three in length, and occupying, with the adjacent -buildings, no less than four jugera, with room for two -hundred and sixty thousand spectators seated; am I not to -include in the number of our magnificent constructions, the -Basilica of Paulus,<a id="FNanchor_2624_2624"></a><a href="#Footnote_2624_2624" class="fnanchor">2624</a> with its admirable Phrygian columns; the -Forum of the late Emperor Augustus; the Temple of Peace, -erected by the Emperor Vespasianus Augustus—some of the -finest works that the world has ever beheld—the roofing, -too, of the Vote-Office,<a id="FNanchor_2625_2625"></a><a href="#Footnote_2625_2625" class="fnanchor">2625</a> that was built by Agrippa? not to -forget that, before his time, Valerius of Ostia, the architect, -had covered in a theatre at Rome, at the time of the public -Games celebrated by Libo?<a id="FNanchor_2626_2626"></a><a href="#Footnote_2626_2626" class="fnanchor">2626</a></p> - -<p>We behold with admiration pyramids that were built by -kings, when the very ground alone, that was purchased by the -Dictator Cæsar, for the construction of his Forum, cost one -hundred millions of sesterces! If, too, an enormous expenditure -has its attractions for any one whose mind is influenced -by monetary considerations, be it known to him that the house -in which Clodius dwelt, who was slain by Milo, was purchased -by him at the price of fourteen million eight hundred thousand -sesterces! a thing that, for my part, I look upon as no -less astounding than the monstrous follies that have been displayed -by kings. And then, as to Milo himself, the sums in -which he was indebted, amounted to no less than seventy millions -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_347">347</a></span>of sesterces; a state of things, to be considered, in my -opinion, as one of the most portentous phænomena in the history -of the human mind. But it was in those days, too, that -old men still spoke in admiration of the vast proportions of -the Agger,<a id="FNanchor_2627_2627"></a><a href="#Footnote_2627_2627" class="fnanchor">2627</a> and of the enormous foundations of the Capitol; -of the public sewers, too, a work more stupendous than any; -as mountains had to be pierced for their construction, and, -like the hanging city<a id="FNanchor_2628_2628"></a><a href="#Footnote_2628_2628" class="fnanchor">2628</a> which we recently mentioned, navigation -had to be carried on beneath Rome; an event which -happened in the ædileship<a id="FNanchor_2629_2629"></a><a href="#Footnote_2629_2629" class="fnanchor">2629</a> of M. Agrippa, after he had filled -the office of consul.</p> - -<p>For this purpose, there are seven rivers, made, by artificial -channels, to flow beneath the city. Rushing onward, like so -many impetuous torrents, they are compelled to carry off and -sweep away all the sewerage; and swollen as they are by the -vast accession of the pluvial waters, they reverberate against -the sides and bottom of their channels. Occasionally, too, -the Tiber, overflowing, is thrown backward in its course, and -discharges itself by these outlets: obstinate is the contest that -ensues within between the meeting tides, but so firm and solid -is the masonry, that it is enabled to offer an effectual resistance. -Enormous as are the accumulations that are carried along -above, the work of the channels never gives way. Houses -falling spontaneously to ruins, or levelled with the ground -by conflagrations, are continually battering against them; -the ground, too, is shaken by earthquakes every now and -then; and yet, built as they were in the days of Tarquinius -Priscus, seven hundred years ago, these constructions have -survived, all but unharmed. We must not omit, too, to mention -one remarkable circumstance, and all the more remarkable -from the fact, that the most celebrated historians have -omitted to mention it. Tarquinius Priscus having commenced -the sewers, and set the lower classes to work upon them, the -laboriousness and prolonged duration of the employment became -equally an object of dread to them; and the consequence -was, that suicide was a thing of common occurrence, the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_348">348</a></span>citizens adopting this method of escaping their troubles. For -this evil, however, the king devised a singular remedy, and -one that has never<a id="FNanchor_2630_2630"></a><a href="#Footnote_2630_2630" class="fnanchor">2630</a> been resorted to either before that time or -since: for he ordered the bodies of all who had been thus -guilty of self-destruction, to be fastened to a cross, and left -there as a spectacle to their fellow-citizens and a prey -to birds and wild beasts. The result was, that that sense -of propriety which so peculiarly attaches itself to the Roman name, -and which more than once has gained a victory -when the battle was all but lost, came to the rescue on this -occasion as well; though for this once, the Romans were in -reality its dupes, as they forgot that, though they felt shocked -at the thoughts of such ignominy while alive, they would be -quite insensible to any such disgrace when dead. It is said -that Tarquinius made these sewers of dimensions sufficiently -large to admit of a waggon laden with hay passing along them.</p> - -<p>All that we have just described, however, is but trifling -when placed in comparison with one marvellous fact, which I -must not omit to mention before I pass on to other subjects. -In the consulship<a id="FNanchor_2631_2631"></a><a href="#Footnote_2631_2631" class="fnanchor">2631</a> of M. Lepidus and Q. Catulus, there was -not at Rome, as we learn from the most trustworthy authors, -a finer house than the one which belonged to Lepidus -himself: and yet, by Hercules! within five-and-thirty years -from that period, the very same house did not hold the hundredth -rank even in the City! Let a person, if he will, in -taking this fact into consideration, only calculate the vast -masses of marble, the productions of painters, the regal treasures -that must have been expended, in bringing these hundred -mansions to vie with one that had been in its day the most sumptuous -and the most celebrated in all the City; and then let -him reflect how that, since that period, and down to the present -time, these houses have all of them been surpassed by -others without number. There can be no doubt that conflagrations -are a punishment inflicted upon us for our luxury; -but such are our habits, that in spite of such warnings as these, -we cannot be made to understand that there are things in existence -more perishable even than man himself.</p> - -<p>But there are still two other mansions by which all these -edifices have been eclipsed. Twice have we seen the whole -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_349">349</a></span>City environed by the palaces of the Emperors Caius<a id="FNanchor_2632_2632"></a><a href="#Footnote_2632_2632" class="fnanchor">2632</a> and -Nero; that of the last, that nothing might be wanting to -its magnificence, being coated with gold.<a id="FNanchor_2633_2633"></a><a href="#Footnote_2633_2633" class="fnanchor">2633</a> Surely such palaces -as these must have been intended for the abode of those who -created this mighty empire, and who left the plough or their -native hearth to go forth to conquer nations, and to return -laden with triumphs! men, in fact, whose very fields even occupied -less space than the audience-chambers<a id="FNanchor_2634_2634"></a><a href="#Footnote_2634_2634" class="fnanchor">2634</a> of these palaces.</p> - -<p>Indeed, one cannot but help reflecting how trifling a portion of -these palaces was equal to the sites which the republic granted -to its invincible generals, for the erection of their dwellings. -The supreme honour, too, attendant upon these grants—as in -the case of P. Valerius Publicola, the first consul with L. Brutus, -for his many meritorious services; and of his brother, -who twice in one consulship defeated the Sabines—was the -permission granted, by the terms of the decree, to have the -doors of their houses opening from without, and the gates -thrown back upon the public street. Such was the most distinguished -privilege accorded in those days to triumphal mansions -even!</p> - -<p>I will not permit, however, these two Caiuses,<a id="FNanchor_2635_2635"></a><a href="#Footnote_2635_2635" class="fnanchor">2635</a> or two -Neros, to enjoy this glory even, such as it is; for I will prove -that these extravagant follies of theirs have been surpassed, in -the use that was made of his wealth by M. Scaurus, a private -citizen. Indeed, I am by no means certain that it was not -the ædileship of this personage that inflicted the first great -blow upon the public manners, and that Sylla was not guilty -of a greater crime in giving such unlimited power to his step-son,<a id="FNanchor_2636_2636"></a><a href="#Footnote_2636_2636" class="fnanchor">2636</a> -than in the proscription of so many thousands. During -his ædileship, and only for the temporary purposes of a few -days, Scaurus executed the greatest<a id="FNanchor_2637_2637"></a><a href="#Footnote_2637_2637" class="fnanchor">2637</a> work that has ever been -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_350">350</a></span>made by the hands of man, even when intended to be of everlasting -duration; his Theatre, I mean. This building consisted -of three storeys, supported upon three hundred and -sixty columns; and this, too, in a city which had not allowed -without some censure one of its greatest citizens<a id="FNanchor_2638_2638"></a><a href="#Footnote_2638_2638" class="fnanchor">2638</a> to erect -six<a id="FNanchor_2639_2639"></a><a href="#Footnote_2639_2639" class="fnanchor">2639</a> pillars of Hymettian marble. The ground-storey was of -marble, the second of glass, a species of luxury which ever -since that time has been quite unheard of, and the highest of -gilded wood. The lowermost columns, as previously<a id="FNanchor_2640_2640"></a><a href="#Footnote_2640_2640" class="fnanchor">2640</a> stated, -were eight-and-thirty feet in height; and, placed between -these columns, as already<a id="FNanchor_2641_2641"></a><a href="#Footnote_2641_2641" class="fnanchor">2641</a> mentioned, were brazen statues, -three thousand in number. The area<a id="FNanchor_2642_2642"></a><a href="#Footnote_2642_2642" class="fnanchor">2642</a> of this theatre afforded -accommodation for eighty thousand spectators; and yet the -Theatre of Pompeius, after the City had so greatly increased, -and the inhabitants had become so vastly more numerous, was -considered abundantly large, with its sittings for forty thousand -only. The rest of the fittings of it, what with Attalic<a id="FNanchor_2643_2643"></a><a href="#Footnote_2643_2643" class="fnanchor">2643</a> -vestments, pictures, and the other stage-properties,<a id="FNanchor_2644_2644"></a><a href="#Footnote_2644_2644" class="fnanchor">2644</a> were of -such enormous value that, after Scaurus had had conveyed to -his Tusculan villa such parts thereof as were not required for -the enjoyment of his daily luxuries, the loss was no less than -three hundred millions of sesterces, when the villa was burnt -by his servants in a spirit of revenge.</p> - -<p>The consideration of such prodigality as this quite distracts -my attention, and compels me to digress from my original purpose, -in order to mention a still greater instance of extravagance, -in reference to wood. C. Curio,<a id="FNanchor_2645_2645"></a><a href="#Footnote_2645_2645" class="fnanchor">2645</a> who died during the -civil wars, fighting on the side of Cæsar, found, to his dismay, -that he could not, when celebrating the funeral games in -honour of his father, surpass the riches and magnificence of -Scaurus—for where, in fact, was to be found such a stepsire -as Sylla, and such a mother as Metella, that bidder at all -auctions for the property of the proscribed? Where, too, was -he to find for his father, M. Scaurus, so long the principal man -in the city, and one who had acted, in his alliance with Marius, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_351">351</a></span>as a receptacle for the plunder of whole provinces?—Indeed, -Scaurus himself was now no longer able to rival himself; and it -was at least one advantage which he derived from this destruction -by fire of so many objects brought from all parts of the earth, -that no one could ever after be his equal in this species of folly. -Curio, consequently, found himself compelled to fall back upon -his own resources, and to think of some new device of his -own. It is really worth our while to know what this device -was, if only to congratulate ourselves upon the manners of the -present day, and to reverse the ordinary mode of expression, -and term ourselves the men of the olden time.<a id="FNanchor_2646_2646"></a><a href="#Footnote_2646_2646" class="fnanchor">2646</a></p> - -<p>He caused to be erected, close together, two theatres of very -large dimensions, and built of wood, each of them nicely poised, -and turning on a pivot. Before mid-day, a spectacle of games -was exhibited in each; the theatres being turned back to back, -in order that the noise of neither of them might interfere with -what was going on in the other. Then, in the latter part of -the day, all on a sudden, the two theatres were swung round, -and, the corners uniting, brought face to face; the outer -frames,<a id="FNanchor_2647_2647"></a><a href="#Footnote_2647_2647" class="fnanchor">2647</a> too, were removed, and thus an amphitheatre was -formed, in which combats of gladiators were presented to the -view; men whose safety was almost less compromised than was -that of the Roman people, in allowing itself to be thus whirled -round from side to side. Now, in this case, which have we -most reason to admire, the inventor or the invention? the artist, -or the author of the project? him who first dared to think of -such an enterprize, or him who ventured to undertake it? him -who obeyed the order, or him who gave it? But the thing that -surpasses all is, the frenzy that must have possessed the public, -to take their seats in a place which must of necessity have been -so unsubstantial and so insecure. Lo and behold! here is a -people that has conquered the whole earth, that has subdued -the universe, that divides the spoils of kingdoms and of nations, -that sends its laws to foreign lands, that shares in some degree -the attributes of the immortal gods in common with mankind, -suspended aloft in a machine, and showering plaudits even upon -its own peril!</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_352">352</a></span>This is indeed holding life cheap; and can we, after this, -complain of our disasters at Cannæ? How vast the catastrophe -that might have ensued! When cities are swallowed up by -an earthquake, it is looked upon by mankind as a general calamity; -and yet, here have we the whole Roman people, embarked, -so to say, in two ships, and sitting suspended on a -couple of pivots; the grand spectacle being its own struggle -with danger, and its liability to perish at any moment that the -overstrained machinery may give way! And then the object, -too, of all this—that public favour may be conciliated for the -tribune’s<a id="FNanchor_2648_2648"></a><a href="#Footnote_2648_2648" class="fnanchor">2648</a> harangues at a future day, and that, at the Rostra, -he may still have the power of shaking the tribes, nicely -balanced<a id="FNanchor_2649_2649"></a><a href="#Footnote_2649_2649" class="fnanchor">2649</a> as they are! And really, what may he not dare -with those who, at his persuasion, have braved such perils as -these? Indeed, to confess the truth, at the funeral games -celebrated at the tomb of his father, it was no less than the -whole Roman people that shared the dangers of the gladiatorial -combats. When the pivots had now been sufficiently worked -and wearied, he gave another turn to his magnificent displays. -For, upon the last day, still preserving the form of the amphitheatre, -he cut the stage in two through the middle, and exhibited -a spectacle of athletes; after which, the stage being -suddenly withdrawn on either side, he exhibited a combat, -upon the same day, between such of the gladiators as had -previously proved victorious. And yet, with all this, Curio -was no king, no ruler of the destinies of a nation, nor yet a -person remarkable for his opulence even; seeing that he possessed -no resources of his own, beyond what he could realize -from the discord between the leading men.<a id="FNanchor_2650_2650"></a><a href="#Footnote_2650_2650" class="fnanchor">2650</a></p> - -<p>But let us now turn our attention to some marvels which, -justly appreciated, may be truthfully pronounced to remain -unsurpassed. Q. Marcius Rex,<a id="FNanchor_2651_2651"></a><a href="#Footnote_2651_2651" class="fnanchor">2651</a> upon being commanded by -the senate to repair the Appian<a id="FNanchor_2652_2652"></a><a href="#Footnote_2652_2652" class="fnanchor">2652</a> Aqueduct, and those of the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_353">353</a></span>Anio<a id="FNanchor_2653_2653"></a><a href="#Footnote_2653_2653" class="fnanchor">2653</a> and Tepula,<a id="FNanchor_2654_2654"></a><a href="#Footnote_2654_2654" class="fnanchor">2654</a> constructed during his prætorship a new -aqueduct,<a id="FNanchor_2655_2655"></a><a href="#Footnote_2655_2655" class="fnanchor">2655</a> which bore his name, and was brought hither by a -channel pierced through the sides of mountains. Agrippa,<a id="FNanchor_2656_2656"></a><a href="#Footnote_2656_2656" class="fnanchor">2656</a> -in his ædileship, united the Marcian with the Virgin<a id="FNanchor_2657_2657"></a><a href="#Footnote_2657_2657" class="fnanchor">2657</a> Aqueduct, -and repaired and strengthened the channels of the others. -He also formed seven hundred wells, in addition to five hundred -fountains, and one hundred and thirty reservoirs, many -of them magnificently adorned. Upon these works, too, he -erected three hundred statues of marble or bronze, and four -hundred marble columns; and all this in the space of a single -year! In the work<a id="FNanchor_2658_2658"></a><a href="#Footnote_2658_2658" class="fnanchor">2658</a> which he has written in commemoration -of his ædileship, he also informs us that public games were -celebrated for the space of fifty-nine days, and that one hundred -and seventy gratuitous baths were opened. The number -of these last at Rome, has increased to an infinite<a id="FNanchor_2659_2659"></a><a href="#Footnote_2659_2659" class="fnanchor">2659</a> extent -since his time.</p> - -<p>The preceding aqueducts, however, have all been surpassed -by the costly work which was more recently commenced by -the Emperor Caius,<a id="FNanchor_2660_2660"></a><a href="#Footnote_2660_2660" class="fnanchor">2660</a> and completed by Claudius. Under these -princes, the Curtian and Cærulean Waters, with the New -Anio,<a id="FNanchor_2661_2661"></a><a href="#Footnote_2661_2661" class="fnanchor">2661</a> were brought from a distance of forty miles, and at so -high a level that all the hills were supplied with water, on -which the City is built. The sum expended on these works -was three hundred and fifty millions of sesterces. If we only -take into consideration the abundant supply of water to the -public, for baths, ponds, canals, household purposes, gardens, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_354">354</a></span>places in the suburbs, and country-houses; and then reflect -upon the distances that are traversed, the arches that have been -constructed, the mountains that have been pierced, the valleys -that have been levelled, we must of necessity admit that there -is nothing to be found more worthy of our admiration throughout -the whole universe.</p> - -<p>Among the most memorable works, too, I, for my own part, -should include another undertaking of the Emperor Claudius, -although it was afterwards abandoned in consequence of the -hatred borne him by his successor;<a id="FNanchor_2662_2662"></a><a href="#Footnote_2662_2662" class="fnanchor">2662</a> I mean the channel that -was cut through a mountain as an emissary for Lake Fucinus;<a id="FNanchor_2663_2663"></a><a href="#Footnote_2663_2663" class="fnanchor">2663</a> -a work which cost a sum beyond all calculation, and employed -a countless multitude of workmen for many years. In those -parts where the soil was found to be terreous, it was necessary -to pump up the water by the aid of machinery; in other parts, -again, the solid rock had to be hewn through. All this, too, -had to be done in the midst of darkness within; a series of -operations which can only be adequately conceived by those -who were witnesses of them, and which no human language -can possibly describe.</p> - -<p>I pass in silence the harbour that has been formed at Ostia; -the various roads, too, that have been cut across mountains; -the Tyrrhenian Sea separated by an embankment from Lake -Lucrinus;<a id="FNanchor_2664_2664"></a><a href="#Footnote_2664_2664" class="fnanchor">2664</a> and vast numbers of bridges constructed at an -enormous expense. Among the many other marvels, too, of -Italy, we are informed by Papirius Fabianus, a most diligent -enquirer into the operations of Nature, that the marble there -grows in the quarries; and those who work in the quarries -assure us that the wounds thus inflicted upon the mountains -fill up spontaneously. If such is the fact, luxury has good -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_355">355</a></span>grounds for hoping that it will never be at a loss for a supply -of materials for its gratification.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_25"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 25. (16.)—THE MAGNET: THREE REMEDIES</span></h3></div> - -<p>Upon quitting the marbles to pass on to the other more -remarkable stones, who can for a moment doubt that the -magnet<a id="FNanchor_2665_2665"></a><a href="#Footnote_2665_2665" class="fnanchor">2665</a> will be the first to suggest itself? For what, in fact, -is there endowed with more marvellous properties than this? -or in which of her departments has Nature displayed a greater -degree of waywardness? She had given a voice to rocks, as -already<a id="FNanchor_2666_2666"></a><a href="#Footnote_2666_2666" class="fnanchor">2666</a> mentioned, and had enabled them to answer man, or -rather, I should say, to throw back his own words in his teeth. -What is there in existence more inert than a piece of rigid -stone? And yet, behold! Nature has here endowed stone with -both sense and hands. What is there more stubborn than -hard iron? Nature has, in this instance, bestowed upon it both -feet and intelligence. It allows itself, in fact, to be attracted -by the magnet, and, itself a metal which subdues all other elements, -it precipitates itself towards the source of an influence -at once mysterious and unseen. The moment the metal comes -near it, it springs towards the magnet, and, as it clasps it, -is held fast in the magnet’s embraces. Hence it is that this -stone is sometimes known by the name of “sideritis;”<a id="FNanchor_2667_2667"></a><a href="#Footnote_2667_2667" class="fnanchor">2667</a> another -name given to it being “heraclion.”<a id="FNanchor_2668_2668"></a><a href="#Footnote_2668_2668" class="fnanchor">2668</a> It received its name -“magnes,” Nicander informs us, from the person who was the -first to discover it, upon Ida.<a id="FNanchor_2669_2669"></a><a href="#Footnote_2669_2669" class="fnanchor">2669</a> It is found, too, in various -other countries, as in Spain, for example. Magnes, it is said, -made this discovery, when, upon taking his herds to pasture, -he found that the nails of his shoes and the iron ferrel of his -staff adhered to the ground.</p> - -<p>Sotacus<a id="FNanchor_2670_2670"></a><a href="#Footnote_2670_2670" class="fnanchor">2670</a> describes five<a id="FNanchor_2671_2671"></a><a href="#Footnote_2671_2671" class="fnanchor">2671</a> different kinds of magnet; the -Æthiopian magnet; that of Magnesia, a country which borders -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_356">356</a></span>on Macedonia, and lies to the right of the road which leads from, -the town of Bœbe to Iolcos; a third, from Hyettus in Bœotia; -a fourth, from Alexandria in Troas; and a fifth, from Magnesia -in Asia. The leading distinction in magnets is the sex, male -and female,<a id="FNanchor_2672_2672"></a><a href="#Footnote_2672_2672" class="fnanchor">2672</a> and the next great difference in them is the -colour. Those of Magnesia, bordering on Macedonia, are of -a reddish black; those of Bœotia are more red than black; and -the kind that is found in Troas is black, of the female sex, -and consequently destitute of attractive power. The most -inferior, however, of all, are those of Magnesia in Asia: they -are white, have no attractive influence on iron, and resemble -pumice in appearance. It has been found by experience, that -the more nearly the magnet approaches to an azure colour, -the better it is in quality. The Æthiopian magnet is looked -upon as the best of all, and is purchased at its weight in silver: -Zmiris in Æthiopia is the place where it is found, such being -the name of a region there, covered with sand.</p> - -<p>In the same country, too, the magnet called “hæmatites”<a id="FNanchor_2673_2673"></a><a href="#Footnote_2673_2673" class="fnanchor">2673</a> is -found, a stone of a blood-red colour, and which, when bruised, -yields a tint like that of blood, as also of saffron. The -hæmatites has not the same property<a id="FNanchor_2674_2674"></a><a href="#Footnote_2674_2674" class="fnanchor">2674</a> of attracting iron that -the ordinary magnet has. The Æthiopian magnet is recognized -by this peculiarity, that it has the property, also, of -attracting other magnets to it.<a id="FNanchor_2675_2675"></a><a href="#Footnote_2675_2675" class="fnanchor">2675</a> All these minerals are useful -as ingredients in ophthalmic preparations, in certain proportions -according to the nature of each: they are particularly -good, too, for arresting defluxions of the eyes. Triturated in -a calcined state, they have a healing effect upon burns.</p> - -<p>In Æthiopia, too, not far from Zmiris, there is a mountain -in which the stone called “theamedes”<a id="FNanchor_2676_2676"></a><a href="#Footnote_2676_2676" class="fnanchor">2676</a> is found, a mineral -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_357">357</a></span>which repels and rejects all kinds of iron. Of the attractive and -repulsive properties of iron, we have spoken<a id="FNanchor_2677_2677"></a><a href="#Footnote_2677_2677" class="fnanchor">2677</a> more than once.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_26"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 26.—STONE OF SCYROS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the Isle of Scyros<a id="FNanchor_2678_2678"></a><a href="#Footnote_2678_2678" class="fnanchor">2678</a> there is a stone,<a id="FNanchor_2679_2679"></a><a href="#Footnote_2679_2679" class="fnanchor">2679</a> they say, which floats -upon water when whole, but which falls to the bottom when -broken into fragments.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_27"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 27. (17.)—SARCOPHAGUS, OR STONE OF ASSOS: TEN -REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>At Assos in Troas, there is found a stone of a laminated -texture, called “sarcophagus.”<a id="FNanchor_2680_2680"></a><a href="#Footnote_2680_2680" class="fnanchor">2680</a> It is a well-known fact, that -dead bodies, when buried in this stone, are consumed in the -course of forty days, with the sole exception of the teeth. -According to Mucianus, too, mirrors, body-scrapers, garments, -and shoes, that have been buried with the dead, become transformed -into stone. In Lycia, and in the East, there are certain -stones of a similar nature, which, when attached to the bodies -of the living even, corrode the flesh.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_28"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 28.—CHERNITES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Less active in its properties is chernites,<a id="FNanchor_2681_2681"></a><a href="#Footnote_2681_2681" class="fnanchor">2681</a> a stone which -preserves bodies without consuming them, and strongly resembles -ivory in appearance: the body of King Darius, they say, -was buried in it. The stone that is known as “porus,”<a href="#Footnote_2681_2681" class="fnanchor">2681</a> is -similar to Parian marble in hardness and whiteness, but is not -so heavy. Theophrastus mentions also a transparent stone -that is found in Egypt, and is similar to stone of Chios in -appearance; it is by no means improbable that it may have -existed in his time, for stones, we know, disappear, and new -kinds are discovered. The stone of Assos,<a id="FNanchor_2682_2682"></a><a href="#Footnote_2682_2682" class="fnanchor">2682</a> which is saltish -to the taste, modifies the attacks of gout, the feet being placed -in a vessel made of it for the purpose; in addition to which, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_358">358</a></span>in the quarries of this stone, all maladies of the legs disappear, -whereas, in mines in general, the legs become affected with -disease. “Flower of stone of Assos” is the name given to -a soft stone which crumbles into dust, and is found very efficacious -in some cases; it resembles red pumice in appearance. -In combination with Cyprian wax, this stone is curative of affections -of the mamillæ; and, employed with pitch or resin, it -disperses scrofulous sores and inflammatory tumours. Used in -the form of an electuary, it is good for phthisis, and, with honey, -it causes old sores to cicatrize, and consumes proud flesh. It -is used, also, for the cure of wounds of an obstinate nature -inflicted by animals, and acts as a desiccative upon suppurations. -Plaisters, too, are made of it for gout, bean-meal being -incorporated with it for the purpose.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_29"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 29. (18.)—OSSEOUS STONES. PALM STONES. CORANI. -BLACK STONES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Theophrastus and Mucianus are of opinion that there are -certain stones which bring<a id="FNanchor_2683_2683"></a><a href="#Footnote_2683_2683" class="fnanchor">2683</a> forth other stones. Theophrastus -states, also, that a fossil<a id="FNanchor_2684_2684"></a><a href="#Footnote_2684_2684" class="fnanchor">2684</a> ivory is found, both white and -black; that the earth, too, produces bones, and that osseous<a id="FNanchor_2685_2685"></a><a href="#Footnote_2685_2685" class="fnanchor">2685</a> -stones are sometimes found. In the vicinity of Munda in -Spain, the place where the Dictator Cæsar defeated Pompeius,<a id="FNanchor_2686_2686"></a><a href="#Footnote_2686_2686" class="fnanchor">2686</a> -there are stones found, which, when broken asunder, bear the -impression of palm leaves.<a id="FNanchor_2687_2687"></a><a href="#Footnote_2687_2687" class="fnanchor">2687</a></p> - -<p>There are some black stones, also, which are held in much -the same esteem as the marbles; the Tænarian<a id="FNanchor_2688_2688"></a><a href="#Footnote_2688_2688" class="fnanchor">2688</a> stone, for -example. Varro says that the black stone of Africa is more -durable than that of Italy; while, on the other hand, the white -corani<a id="FNanchor_2689_2689"></a><a href="#Footnote_2689_2689" class="fnanchor">2689</a> are harder than Parian marble. He states, also, that -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_359">359</a></span>the silex of Luna admits of being cut with a saw; that that -of Tusculum decrepitates in the fire; that the tawny silex of -the Sabine districts, with the addition of oil, will yield a flame -even; and that, at Volsinii, molar stones<a id="FNanchor_2690_2690"></a><a href="#Footnote_2690_2690" class="fnanchor">2690</a> for grinding are -found. Among the prodigies that have happened, I find mention -made of millstones that have moved of themselves,</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_30"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 30.—MOLAR STONES. PYRITES; SEVEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In no country are the molar stones<a id="FNanchor_2691_2691"></a><a href="#Footnote_2691_2691" class="fnanchor">2691</a> superior to those of -Italy; stones, be it remembered, and not fragments of rock: -there are some provinces, too, where they are not to be found -at all. Some stones of this class are softer than others, and -admit of being smoothed with the whetstone, so as to present -all the appearance, at a distance, of ophites.<a id="FNanchor_2692_2692"></a><a href="#Footnote_2692_2692" class="fnanchor">2692</a> There is no -stone of a more durable nature than this; for in general, stone, -like wood, suffers from the action, more or less, of rain, heat, -and cold. Some kinds, again, become deteriorated by the action -of the moon, while others are apt to contract a rust in lapse of -time, or to change their white colour when steeped in oil.</p> - -<p>(19.) Some persons give this molar stone the name of -“pyrites,”<a id="FNanchor_2693_2693"></a><a href="#Footnote_2693_2693" class="fnanchor">2693</a> from the circumstance that it has a great affinity -to fire;<a id="FNanchor_2694_2694"></a><a href="#Footnote_2694_2694" class="fnanchor">2694</a> but there is also another kind of pyrites, of a more -porous nature, and another,<a id="FNanchor_2695_2695"></a><a href="#Footnote_2695_2695" class="fnanchor">2695</a> again, which resembles copper. -This last, it is said, is found in the mines, near Acamas,<a id="FNanchor_2696_2696"></a><a href="#Footnote_2696_2696" class="fnanchor">2696</a> in the -Isle of Cyprus; one variety of it being of a silver, another of a -golden, colour. There are various methods of melting these -stones, some persons fusing them twice, or three times even, in -honey, till all the liquid has evaporated; while others, again, -calcine them upon hot coals, and, after treating them with -honey, wash them like copper.</p> - -<p>The medicinal properties which these minerals possess are of -a calorific, desiccative, dispersive, and resolvent nature, and, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_360">360</a></span>applied topically, they case indurations to suppurate. They -are employed also, in a crude state and pulverized, for the -cure of scrofulous sores and boils. Some writers mention -another kind of pyrites also. Those among them have the -greatest affinity to fire which we distinguish as “live”<a id="FNanchor_2697_2697"></a><a href="#Footnote_2697_2697" class="fnanchor">2697</a> -pyrites. They are the most ponderous of all, and are found -remarkably useful for advance-guards when laying out encampments; -for, on being struck with a nail or any other kind of stone, -they emit a spark, which, received upon sulphur, dried fungus,<a id="FNanchor_2698_2698"></a><a href="#Footnote_2698_2698" class="fnanchor">2698</a> -or leaves, produces a fire almost sooner than it could be named.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_31"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 31.—OSTRACITES; FOUR REMEDIES. AMIANTHUS; TWO -REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The several varieties of ostracites<a id="FNanchor_2699_2699"></a><a href="#Footnote_2699_2699" class="fnanchor">2699</a> bear a resemblance to -shells. They are used by way of substitute for pumice-stone, -for smoothing the skin. Taken in drink, they arrest discharges -of blood; and, applied topically with honey, they are -curative of ulcerations and pains in the mamillæ.</p> - -<p>Amianthus<a id="FNanchor_2700_2700"></a><a href="#Footnote_2700_2700" class="fnanchor">2700</a> resembles alumen<a id="FNanchor_2701_2701"></a><a href="#Footnote_2701_2701" class="fnanchor">2701</a> in appearance, and suffers -no diminution from the action of fire. This substance effectually -counteracts all noxious spells, those wrought by magicians -in particular.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_32"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 32.—GEODES; THREE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Geodes<a id="FNanchor_2702_2702"></a><a href="#Footnote_2702_2702" class="fnanchor">2702</a> is so called from its formation, it containing earth -within. It is remarkably beneficial for the eyes, and is used -for the cure of diseases of the testes and mamillæ.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_33"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 33.—MELITINUS; SIX REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The stone called “melitinus”<a id="FNanchor_2703_2703"></a><a href="#Footnote_2703_2703" class="fnanchor">2703</a> yields a liquid that is sweet, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_361">361</a></span>like honey. Bruised and incorporated with wax, it is curative -of pituitous eruptions, spots upon the skin, and ulcerations of -the fauces. It removes epinyctis<a id="FNanchor_2704_2704"></a><a href="#Footnote_2704_2704" class="fnanchor">2704</a> also, and, applied as a pessary, -in wool, it alleviates pains in the uterus.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_34"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 34.—GAGATES: SIX REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Gagates<a id="FNanchor_2705_2705"></a><a href="#Footnote_2705_2705" class="fnanchor">2705</a> is a stone, so called from Gages, the name of a -town and river in Lycia.<a id="FNanchor_2706_2706"></a><a href="#Footnote_2706_2706" class="fnanchor">2706</a> It is asserted, too, that at Leucolla<a id="FNanchor_2707_2707"></a><a href="#Footnote_2707_2707" class="fnanchor">2707</a> -the sea throws it up, and that it is found over a space -twelve stadia in extent. It is black, smooth, light, and porous, -differs but little from wood in appearance,<a id="FNanchor_2708_2708"></a><a href="#Footnote_2708_2708" class="fnanchor">2708</a> is of a brittle -texture, and emits a disagreeable odour<a id="FNanchor_2709_2709"></a><a href="#Footnote_2709_2709" class="fnanchor">2709</a> when rubbed. Marks -made upon pottery with this stone cannot be effaced. When -burnt, it gives out a sulphureous smell; and it is a singular -fact, that the application of water ignites it, while that of oil -quenches it.<a id="FNanchor_2710_2710"></a><a href="#Footnote_2710_2710" class="fnanchor">2710</a> The fumes of it, burnt, keep serpents at a distance, -and dispel hysterical affections: they detect a tendency -also to epilepsy,<a id="FNanchor_2711_2711"></a><a href="#Footnote_2711_2711" class="fnanchor">2711</a> and act as a test of virginity.<a id="FNanchor_2712_2712"></a><a href="#Footnote_2712_2712" class="fnanchor">2712</a> A decoction -of this stone in wine is curative of tooth-ache; and, in combination -with wax, it is good for scrofula. The magicians, it is -said, make use of gagates in the practice of what they call -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_362">362</a></span>axinomancy;<a id="FNanchor_2713_2713"></a><a href="#Footnote_2713_2713" class="fnanchor">2713</a> and they assure us that it will be sure not to -burn, if the thing is about to happen as the party desires.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_35"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 35.—SPONGITES: TWO REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The stone called “spongites” is found in sponges, and is a -marine formation. By some persons it is called “tecolithos,”<a id="FNanchor_2714_2714"></a><a href="#Footnote_2714_2714" class="fnanchor">2714</a> -from the circumstance that it is curative of affections of the -bladder. Taken in wine, it breaks and disperses urinary calculi.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_36"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 36.—PHRYGIAN STONE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Phrygian stone is so called from the country which produces -it, and is a porous mass like pumice. It is first saturated with -wine, and then calcined, the fire being kept up with the -bellows till the stone is brought to a red heat; which done, it -is quenched in sweet wine. This operation is repeated three -times. The only use made of it is for dyeing cloths.<a id="FNanchor_2715_2715"></a><a href="#Footnote_2715_2715" class="fnanchor">2715</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_37"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 37. (20.)—HÆMATITES: FIVE REMEDIES. SCHISTOS: -SEVEN REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Schistos and hæmatites<a id="FNanchor_2716_2716"></a><a href="#Footnote_2716_2716" class="fnanchor">2716</a> have a certain affinity between -them. The latter is found in mines, and, when burnt, has -just the colour<a id="FNanchor_2717_2717"></a><a href="#Footnote_2717_2717" class="fnanchor">2717</a> of minium.<a id="FNanchor_2718_2718"></a><a href="#Footnote_2718_2718" class="fnanchor">2718</a> It is calcined in the same -manner as Phrygian stone, but is not quenched in wine. Adulterations -of it are detected by the appearance of red veins in it, -and by its comparative friability. It is marvellously useful as -an application for bloodshot eyes, and, taken internally, it acts -as a check upon female discharges. To patients vomiting -blood, it is administered in combination with pomegranate-juice. -It is very efficacious also for affections of the bladder; -and it is taken with wine for the cure of wounds inflicted by -serpents.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_363">363</a></span> -In all those cases the stone called “schistos”<a id="FNanchor_2719_2719"></a><a href="#Footnote_2719_2719" class="fnanchor">2719</a> is efficacious, -though not in so high a degree as the other; the most serviceable -being that which resembles saffron in colour. Applied -with woman’s milk, it is particularly useful for arresting discharges -from the corners of the eyes,<a id="FNanchor_2720_2720"></a><a href="#Footnote_2720_2720" class="fnanchor">2720</a> and it is also very -serviceable for reducing procidence of those organs. Such, at -least, is the opinion of the authors who have most recently -written on the subject.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_38"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 38.—ÆTHIOPIC HÆMATITES. ANDRODAMAS; TWO REMEDIES. -ARABIAN HÆMATITES. MILTITES OR HEPATITES. ANTHRACITES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Sotacus, one of the most ancient writers, says, that there are -five kinds of hæmatites, in addition to the magnet<a id="FNanchor_2721_2721"></a><a href="#Footnote_2721_2721" class="fnanchor">2721</a> so called. -He gives the preference among them to that of Æthiopia,<a id="FNanchor_2722_2722"></a><a href="#Footnote_2722_2722" class="fnanchor">2722</a> a -very useful ingredient in ophthalmic preparations and the compositions -which he calls “panchresta,”<a id="FNanchor_2723_2723"></a><a href="#Footnote_2723_2723" class="fnanchor">2723</a> and good for the cure of -burns. The second, he says, is called “androdamas,”<a id="FNanchor_2724_2724"></a><a href="#Footnote_2724_2724" class="fnanchor">2724</a> of a -black<a id="FNanchor_2725_2725"></a><a href="#Footnote_2725_2725" class="fnanchor">2725</a> colour, remarkable for its weight and hardness, to which -it owes its name, in fact, and found in Africa more particularly. -It attracts silver, he says, copper, and iron, and is tested with -a touchstone made of basanites.<a id="FNanchor_2726_2726"></a><a href="#Footnote_2726_2726" class="fnanchor">2726</a> It yields a liquid the colour -of blood, and is an excellent remedy for diseases of the liver. -The third kind that he mentions is the hæmatites<a id="FNanchor_2727_2727"></a><a href="#Footnote_2727_2727" class="fnanchor">2727</a> of Arabia, a -mineral of equal hardness, and which with difficulty yields, -upon the water-whetstone, a liquid sometimes approaching the -tint of saffron. The fourth<a id="FNanchor_2728_2728"></a><a href="#Footnote_2728_2728" class="fnanchor">2728</a> kind, he says, is known as “hepatites,”<a id="FNanchor_2729_2729"></a><a href="#Footnote_2729_2729" class="fnanchor">2729</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_364">364</a></span>while raw, and as “miltites”<a id="FNanchor_2730_2730"></a><a href="#Footnote_2730_2730" class="fnanchor">2730</a> when calcined; a substance -good for burns, and more efficacious than rubrica<a id="FNanchor_2731_2731"></a><a href="#Footnote_2731_2731" class="fnanchor">2731</a> for all -the purposes for which that mineral is employed. The fifth<a id="FNanchor_2732_2732"></a><a href="#Footnote_2732_2732" class="fnanchor">2732</a> -variety is schistos; a substance which, taken internally, arrests -hæmorrhoidal discharges. Upon the same authority, it is recommended -to take any kind of hæmatites, fasting, in doses of -three drachmæ, triturated in oil, for affections of the blood.<a id="FNanchor_2733_2733"></a><a href="#Footnote_2733_2733" class="fnanchor">2733</a></p> - -<p>The same author mentions also a kind of schistos which has no -affinity to hæmatites, and to which he gives the name of “anthracites.”<a id="FNanchor_2734_2734"></a><a href="#Footnote_2734_2734" class="fnanchor">2734</a> -It is a native of Africa, he says, and is of a -black colour. When rubbed upon a water-whetstone, it yields -a black colour on the side which has adhered to the earth, and, -on the opposite side, a saffron tint. He states also that it is a -useful ingredient in ophthalmic preparations.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_39"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 39. (21)—AËTITES. TAPHIUSIAN STONE. CALLIMUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The stone called aëtites<a id="FNanchor_2735_2735"></a><a href="#Footnote_2735_2735" class="fnanchor">2735</a> has a great reputation, in consequence -of the name which it bears. It is found in the nests -of eagles, as already mentioned in our Tenth Book.<a id="FNanchor_2736_2736"></a><a href="#Footnote_2736_2736" class="fnanchor">2736</a> There -are always two of these stones found together, they say, a male -stone and a female; and without them, it is said, the various -eagles that we have described would be unable to propagate. -Hence it is, too, that the young of the eagle are never more -than two in number. There are four varieties of the aëtites: -that of Africa is soft and diminutive, and contains in the -interior—in its bowels as it were—a sweet, white, argillaceous -earth. It is friable, and is generally thought to be of the -female sex. The male stone, on the other hand, which is found -in Arabia, is hard, and similar to a nut-gall in appearance; -or else of a reddish hue, with a hard stone in the interior. The -third kind is a stone found in the Isle of Cyprus, and resembles -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_365">365</a></span>those of Africa in appearance, but is larger and flat, while the -others are of a globular form: it contains a sand within, of a -pleasing colour, and mixed with small stones; being so soft -itself as to admit of being crushed between the fingers.</p> - -<p>The fourth variety is known as the Taphiusian aëtites, and -is found near Leucas,<a id="FNanchor_2737_2737"></a><a href="#Footnote_2737_2737" class="fnanchor">2737</a> at Taphiusa, a locality which lies to -the right as you sail from Ithaca towards Cape Leucas. It is -met with in the beds of rivers there, and is white and round; -having another stone in the interior, the name given to which -is “callimus:” none of the varieties of aëtites have a smoother -surface than this. Attached to pregnant women or to cattle, -in the skins of animals that have been sacrificed, these stones -act as a preventive of abortion, care being taken not to remove -them till the moment of parturition; for otherwise procidence -of the uterus is the result. If, on the other hand, they are not -removed at the moment when parturition is about to ensue, -that operation of Nature cannot be effected.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_40"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 40.—SAMIAN STONE: EIGHT REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Samian stone<a id="FNanchor_2738_2738"></a><a href="#Footnote_2738_2738" class="fnanchor">2738</a> comes from the same island which produces -the earth in praise of which we have spoken already.<a id="FNanchor_2739_2739"></a><a href="#Footnote_2739_2739" class="fnanchor">2739</a> It is -useful for giving a polish to gold, and it is employed medicinally -for the treatment of ulcerations of the eyes, combined with milk -in manner already<a id="FNanchor_2740_2740"></a><a href="#Footnote_2740_2740" class="fnanchor">2740</a> described. It is good, too, for watery discharges -of a chronic nature, from the eyes. Taken internally, -it is useful for affections of the stomach, and it has the effect -of dispelling vertigo and restoring the spirits when depressed. -Some writers are of opinion that this stone may be administered -with advantage for epilepsy and strangury; and it is employed -as an ingredient in the restoratives known as “acopa.”<a id="FNanchor_2741_2741"></a><a href="#Footnote_2741_2741" class="fnanchor">2741</a> The -test of its purity is its weight and its whiteness. Some persons -will have it that, worn as an amulet, it acts as a preventive of -abortion.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_41"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 41.—ARABIAN STONE; SIX REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Arabian<a id="FNanchor_2742_2742"></a><a href="#Footnote_2742_2742" class="fnanchor">2742</a> stone resembles ivory in appearance; and in a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_366">366</a></span>calcined state it is employed as a dentifrice.<a id="FNanchor_2743_2743"></a><a href="#Footnote_2743_2743" class="fnanchor">2743</a> It is particularly -useful for the cure of hæmorrhoidal swellings, applied either -in lint or by the aid of linen pledgets.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_42"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 42.—PUMICE; NINE REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>And here, too, I must not omit to give some account of -pumice.<a id="FNanchor_2744_2744"></a><a href="#Footnote_2744_2744" class="fnanchor">2744</a> This name is very generally given, it is true, to those -porous pieces of stone, which we see suspended in the erections -known as “musæa,”<a id="FNanchor_2745_2745"></a><a href="#Footnote_2745_2745" class="fnanchor">2745</a> with the view of artificially -giving them all the appearance of caverns. But the genuine -pumice-stones, that are in use for imparting smoothness to the -skin of females, and not females only, but men as well, and, as -Catullus<a id="FNanchor_2746_2746"></a><a href="#Footnote_2746_2746" class="fnanchor">2746</a> says, for polishing books, are found of the finest quality -in the islands of Melos and Nisyros<a id="FNanchor_2747_2747"></a><a href="#Footnote_2747_2747" class="fnanchor">2747</a> and in the Æolian Isles. -To be good, they should be white, as light as possible, porous and -dry in the extreme, friable, and free from sand when rubbed.</p> - -<p>Considered medicinally, pumice is of a resolvent and desiccative -nature; for which purpose it is submitted to calcination, -no less than three times, on a fire of pure charcoal, it being -quenched as often in white wine. It is then washed, like -cadmia,<a id="FNanchor_2748_2748"></a><a href="#Footnote_2748_2748" class="fnanchor">2748</a> and, after being dried, is put by for keeping, in a -place as free from damp as possible. In a powdered state, -pumice is used in ophthalmic preparations more particularly, -and acts as a lenitive detergent upon ulcerations of the eyes. -It also makes new flesh upon cicatrizations of those organs, -and removes all traces of the marks. Some prefer, after the -third calcination, leaving the pumice to cool, and then triturating -it in wine. It is employed also as an ingredient in emollient -poultices, being extremely useful for ulcerations on the head -and generative organs; dentifrices, too, are prepared from it. -According to Theophrastus,<a id="FNanchor_2749_2749"></a><a href="#Footnote_2749_2749" class="fnanchor">2749</a> persons when drinking for a wager -are in the habit<a id="FNanchor_2750_2750"></a><a href="#Footnote_2750_2750" class="fnanchor">2750</a> of taking powdered pumice first; but they -run great risk, he says, if they fail to swallow the whole -draught of wine at once; it being of so refrigerative a nature -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_367">367</a></span>that grape-juice<a id="FNanchor_2751_2751"></a><a href="#Footnote_2751_2751" class="fnanchor">2751</a> will absolutely cease to boil if pumice is put -into it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_43"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 43. (22.)—STONES FOR MORTARS USED FOR MEDICINAL AND -OTHER PURPOSES. ETESIAN STONE. THEBAIC STONE. CHALAZIAN -STONE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Authors, too, have paid some attention to the stones in use -for mortars, not only those employed for the trituration of -drugs and pigments, but for other purposes as well. In this -respect they have given the preference to Etesian<a id="FNanchor_2752_2752"></a><a href="#Footnote_2752_2752" class="fnanchor">2752</a> stone before -all others, and, next to that, to Thebaic stone, already mentioned<a id="FNanchor_2753_2753"></a><a href="#Footnote_2753_2753" class="fnanchor">2753</a> -as being called “pyrrhopœcilon,” and known as “psaranus” -by some. The third rank has been assigned to chrysites,<a id="FNanchor_2754_2754"></a><a href="#Footnote_2754_2754" class="fnanchor">2754</a> -a stone nearly allied to Chalazian<a id="FNanchor_2755_2755"></a><a href="#Footnote_2755_2755" class="fnanchor">2755</a> stone. For medicinal -purposes, however, basanites<a id="FNanchor_2756_2756"></a><a href="#Footnote_2756_2756" class="fnanchor">2756</a> has been preferred, this being a -stone that remits no particles from its surface.<a id="FNanchor_2757_2757"></a><a href="#Footnote_2757_2757" class="fnanchor">2757</a></p> - -<p>Those stones which yield a liquid, are generally looked upon -as good for the trituration of ophthalmic preparations; and -hence it is, that the Æthiopian stone is so much in request for -the purpose. Tænarian stone, they say, Phœnician stone, and -hæmatites, are good for the preparation of those medicinal -compositions in which saffron forms an ingredient; but they -also speak of another Tænarian stone, of a dark colour, which, -like Parian<a id="FNanchor_2758_2758"></a><a href="#Footnote_2758_2758" class="fnanchor">2758</a> stone, is not so well adapted for medicinal purposes. -We learn from them, too, that Egyptian alabastrites,<a id="FNanchor_2759_2759"></a><a href="#Footnote_2759_2759" class="fnanchor">2759</a> -or white ophites,<a id="FNanchor_2760_2760"></a><a href="#Footnote_2760_2760" class="fnanchor">2760</a> from the virtues inherent in them, are considered -still better adapted for these purposes than the kinds -last mentioned. It is this kind of ophites, too, from which -vessels, and casks even, are made.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_368">368</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_44"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 44.—STONE OF SIPHNOS. SOFT STONES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>At Siphnos,<a id="FNanchor_2761_2761"></a><a href="#Footnote_2761_2761" class="fnanchor">2761</a> there is a kind of stone<a id="FNanchor_2762_2762"></a><a href="#Footnote_2762_2762" class="fnanchor">2762</a> which is hollowed -and turned in the lathe, for making cooking-utensils and vessels -for keeping provisions; a thing too, that, to my own knowledge,<a id="FNanchor_2763_2763"></a><a href="#Footnote_2763_2763" class="fnanchor">2763</a> -is done with the green stone<a id="FNanchor_2764_2764"></a><a href="#Footnote_2764_2764" class="fnanchor">2764</a> of Comum<a id="FNanchor_2765_2765"></a><a href="#Footnote_2765_2765" class="fnanchor">2765</a> in Italy. -With reference, however, to the stone of Siphnos, it is a singular -fact, that, when heated in oil, though naturally very soft, -it becomes hard and black; so great a difference is there in -the qualities of stone.</p> - -<p>There are some remarkable instances, too, beyond the Alps, of -the natural softness of some kinds of stone. In the province -of the Belgæ, there is a white stone<a id="FNanchor_2766_2766"></a><a href="#Footnote_2766_2766" class="fnanchor">2766</a> which admits of being cut -with the saw that is used for wood, and with greater facility -even. This stone is used as a substitute for roof-tiles and -gutter-tiles, and even for the kind of roofing known as the -pavonaceous<a id="FNanchor_2767_2767"></a><a href="#Footnote_2767_2767" class="fnanchor">2767</a> style, if that is preferred. Such are the stones -that admit of being cut into thin slabs.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_45"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 45.—SPECULAR STONES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>As to specular<a id="FNanchor_2768_2768"></a><a href="#Footnote_2768_2768" class="fnanchor">2768</a> stone—for this, too, is ranked as one of the -stones—it admits of being divided with still greater facility, -and can be split into leaves as thin as may be desired. The -province of Nearer Spain used formerly to be the only one -that furnished it—not, indeed, the whole of that country, but -a district extending for a hundred miles around the city of -Segobrica.<a id="FNanchor_2769_2769"></a><a href="#Footnote_2769_2769" class="fnanchor">2769</a> But at the present day, Cyprus, Cappadocia, and -Sicily, supply us with it; and, still more recently, it has been -discovered in Africa: they are all, however, looked upon as -inferior to the stone which comes from Spain. The sheets -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_369">369</a></span>from Cappadocia are the largest in size; but then they are -clouded. This stone is to be found also in the territory of -Bononia,<a id="FNanchor_2770_2770"></a><a href="#Footnote_2770_2770" class="fnanchor">2770</a> in Italy; but in small pieces only, covered with -spots and encrusted in a bed of silex, there being a considerable -affinity, it would appear, in their nature.</p> - -<p>In Spain, the specular-stone is extracted from shafts sunk -in the earth to a very considerable depth; though it is occasionally -to be found just beneath the surface, enclosed in the -solid rock, and extracted without difficulty, or else cut away -from its bed. In most cases, however, it admits of being dug -up, being of an isolated nature, and lying in pieces, like rag-stone, -but never known as yet to exceed five feet in length. -It would appear that this substance is originally a liquid, -which, by an animating power in the earth, becomes congealed -like crystal; and it is very evident that it is the result of petrifaction, -from the fact that, when animals have fallen into the -shafts from which it is extracted, the marrow of their bones -becomes transformed into stone of a similar nature, by the end -of a single winter. In some cases, too, it is found of a black -colour: but the white stone has the marvellous property, soft -as it is known to be, of resisting the action of the sun and of -cold. Nor will it, if it is only protected from accidents, -become deteriorated by lapse of time, a thing that is so generally -the case with many other kinds of stone that are used -for building purposes. The shavings, too, and scales of this -stone, have been used of late for another purpose; the Circus -Maximus having been strewed with them at the celebration of -the games, with the object of producing an agreeable whiteness.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_46"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 46.—PHENGITES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>During the reign of Nero, there was a stone found in Cappadocia, -as hard as marble, white, and transparent even in those parts -where red veins were to be seen upon it; a property which has obtained -for it the name of “phengites.”<a id="FNanchor_2771_2771"></a><a href="#Footnote_2771_2771" class="fnanchor">2771</a> It was with this stone<a id="FNanchor_2772_2772"></a><a href="#Footnote_2772_2772" class="fnanchor">2772</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_370">370</a></span>that Nero rebuilt the Temple of Fortune, surnamed Seia,<a id="FNanchor_2773_2773"></a><a href="#Footnote_2773_2773" class="fnanchor">2773</a> -originally consecrated by King Servius, enclosing it within the -precincts of his Golden Palace.<a id="FNanchor_2774_2774"></a><a href="#Footnote_2774_2774" class="fnanchor">2774</a> Hence it was that, even -when the doors were closed, there was light in the interior -during the day; not transmitted from without, as would be the -case through a medium of specular-stone, but having all the -appearance of being enclosed within<a id="FNanchor_2775_2775"></a><a href="#Footnote_2775_2775" class="fnanchor">2775</a> the building.</p> - -<p>In Arabia, too, according to Juba, there is a stone, transparent -like glass, which is used for the same purposes as specular-stone.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_47"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 47.—WHETSTONES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We must now pass on to the stones that are employed for -handicrafts, and, first of all, whetstones for sharpening iron. -Of these stones there are numerous varieties; the Cretan stones -having been long held in the highest estimation, and the next -best being those of Mount Taygetus, in Laconia; both of -which are used as hones, and require oil. Among the water-whetstones, -the first rank belonged to those of Naxos, and the -second to the stones of Armenia, both of them already<a id="FNanchor_2776_2776"></a><a href="#Footnote_2776_2776" class="fnanchor">2776</a> mentioned. -The stones of Cilicia are of excellent quality, whether -used with oil or with water; those of Arsinöe,<a id="FNanchor_2777_2777"></a><a href="#Footnote_2777_2777" class="fnanchor">2777</a> too, are very -good, but with water only. Whetstones have been found also -in Italy, which with water give a remarkably keen edge; and -from the countries beyond the Alps, we have the whetstones -known as “passernices.”<a id="FNanchor_2778_2778"></a><a href="#Footnote_2778_2778" class="fnanchor">2778</a></p> - -<p>To the fourth class belong the hones which give an edge -by the agency of human saliva, and are much in use in barbers’ -shops. They are worthless, however, for all other purposes, -in consequence of their soft and brittle nature: those -from the district of Laminium,<a id="FNanchor_2779_2779"></a><a href="#Footnote_2779_2779" class="fnanchor">2779</a> in Nearer Spain, are the best -of the kind.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_371">371</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_48"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 48.—TOPHUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Among the multitude of stones which still remain undescribed, -there is tophus;<a id="FNanchor_2780_2780"></a><a href="#Footnote_2780_2780" class="fnanchor">2780</a> material totally unsuited for building -purposes, in consequence of its perishableness. Still, however, -there are some localities which have no other, Carthage, -in Africa, for example. It is eaten away by the emanations -from the sea, crumbled to dust by the wind, and shattered by -the pelting of the rain: but human industry has found the -means of protecting walls of houses built of it, with a coating of -pitch, as a plaster of lime would corrode it. Hence it is, -that we have the well-known saying, “that the Carthaginians -use pitch<a id="FNanchor_2781_2781"></a><a href="#Footnote_2781_2781" class="fnanchor">2781</a> for their houses and lime<a id="FNanchor_2782_2782"></a><a href="#Footnote_2782_2782" class="fnanchor">2782</a> for their wines,” this -last being the method used by them in the preparation of their -must.</p> - -<p>In the territories of Fidenæ and Alba, in the vicinity of -Rome, we find other soft kinds of stone; and, in Umbria and -Venetia, there is a stone<a id="FNanchor_2783_2783"></a><a href="#Footnote_2783_2783" class="fnanchor">2783</a> which admits of being cut with the -teeth of a saw. These stones are easy to be worked, and are -capable of supporting a considerable weight, if they are only -kept sheltered from the weather. Rain, however, frost, and dew, -split them to pieces, nor can they resist the humidity of the -sea-air. The stone<a id="FNanchor_2784_2784"></a><a href="#Footnote_2784_2784" class="fnanchor">2784</a> of Tibur can stand everything except -heat, which makes it crack.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_49"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 49.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF SILEX.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The black silex<a id="FNanchor_2785_2785"></a><a href="#Footnote_2785_2785" class="fnanchor">2785</a> is in general the best; but in some localities, -it is the red, and occasionally the white; as in the -Anician quarries at Tarquinii, near Lake Volsinius,<a id="FNanchor_2786_2786"></a><a href="#Footnote_2786_2786" class="fnanchor">2786</a> for example, -and those at Statonia,<a id="FNanchor_2787_2787"></a><a href="#Footnote_2787_2787" class="fnanchor">2787</a> the stone of which is proof -against fire even.<a id="FNanchor_2788_2788"></a><a href="#Footnote_2788_2788" class="fnanchor">2788</a> These stones, sculptured for monumental -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_372">372</a></span>purposes, are subject to no deterioration by lapse of time: -moulds, too, are made from them, for the purpose of fusing -copper. There is a green silex, also, which offers a most -powerful resistance to the action of fire, but is never found in -any large quantities, and, in all cases, in an isolated form, and -not as a constituent part of solid rock. Of the other kinds, -the pale silex is but rarely used for erections: being of globular -form, it is not liable to injury, but at the same time it is -insecure for building purposes, unless it is well braced and -tightly held together. Nor yet does river silex offer any -greater security, for it always has the appearance of being -wet.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_50"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 50.—OTHER STONES USED FOR BUILDING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>When the nature of stone is doubtful, the proper precaution -is, to quarry it in summer, and not to use it for building before -the end of a couple of years, leaving it in the meantime to -be well seasoned by the weather. The slabs which have been -damaged will be found to be better suited for the foundations -under ground: while those, on the other hand, which have remained -uninjured, may be employed with safety, and exposed -to the open air even.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_51"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 51.—THE VARIOUS METHODS OF BUILDING.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The Greeks construct party-walls, resembling those of brickwork, -of hard stone or of silex, squared. This kind of stonework -is what they call “isodomon,”<a id="FNanchor_2789_2789"></a><a href="#Footnote_2789_2789" class="fnanchor">2789</a> it being ” pseudisodomon”<a id="FNanchor_2790_2790"></a><a href="#Footnote_2790_2790" class="fnanchor">2790</a> -when the wall is built of materials of unequal dimensions. -A third kind of stonework is called “emplecton,”<a id="FNanchor_2791_2791"></a><a href="#Footnote_2791_2791" class="fnanchor">2791</a> the two -exteriors only being made with regularity, the rest of the -material being thrown in at random. It is necessary that -the stones should lie over one another alternately, in such a -way that the middle of one stone meets the point of junction -of the two below it; and this, too, in the middle of the wall, -if possible; but if not, at all events, at the sides. When the -middle of the wall is filled up with broken stones, the work -is known as “diatoichon.”<a id="FNanchor_2792_2792"></a><a href="#Footnote_2792_2792" class="fnanchor">2792</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_373">373</a></span>The reticulated<a id="FNanchor_2793_2793"></a><a href="#Footnote_2793_2793" class="fnanchor">2793</a> kind of building, which is mostly in use -at Rome, is very liable to crack.<a id="FNanchor_2794_2794"></a><a href="#Footnote_2794_2794" class="fnanchor">2794</a> All building should be -done by line and rule, and ought to be strictly on the perpendicular.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_52"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 52. (23.)—CISTERNS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Cisterns should be made of five parts of pure, gravelly, sand, -two of the very strongest quicklime, and fragments of silex -not exceeding a pound each in weight; when thus incorporated, -the bottom and sides should be well beaten with iron -rammers. The best plan, too, is to have the cisterns double; -so that all superfluities may settle in the inner cistern, and -the water filter through, as pure as possible, into the outer -one.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_53"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 53.—QUICK-LIME.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Cato<a id="FNanchor_2795_2795"></a><a href="#Footnote_2795_2795" class="fnanchor">2795</a> the Censor disapproves of lime prepared from stones -of various colours: that made of white stone is the best. -Lime prepared from hard stone is the best for building purposes, -and that from porous stone for coats of plaster. For -both these purposes, lime made from silex is equally rejected. -Stone that has been extracted from quarries furnishes a better -lime than that collected from the beds of rivers; but the best of -all is the lime that is obtained from the molar-stone,<a id="FNanchor_2796_2796"></a><a href="#Footnote_2796_2796" class="fnanchor">2796</a> that being -of a more unctuous nature than the others. It is something -truly marvellous, that quick-lime, after the stone has been subjected -to fire, should ignite on the application of water!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_54"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 54.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF SAND. THE COMBINATIONS -OF SAND WITH LIME.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There are three kinds of sand: fossil<a id="FNanchor_2797_2797"></a><a href="#Footnote_2797_2797" class="fnanchor">2797</a> sand, to which -one-fourth part of lime should be added;<a id="FNanchor_2798_2798"></a><a href="#Footnote_2798_2798" class="fnanchor">2798</a> river sand; and -sea sand; to both of which last, one third of lime should be -added. If, too, one third of the mortar is composed of bruised -earthenware, it will be all the better. Fossil sand is found in -the districts that lie between the Apennines and the Padus, -but not in the parts beyond sea.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_374">374</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_55"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 55.—DEFECTS IN BUILDING. PLASTERS FOR WALLS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The great cause of the fall of so many buildings in our City, is, -that through a fraudulent abstraction of the lime, the rough -work is laid without anything to hold it together. The -older, too, the mortar is, the better it is in quality. In the -ancient laws for the regulation of building, no contractor was -to use mortar less than three months old; hence it is, that no -cracks have disfigured the plaster coatings of their walls. -These stuccos will never present a sufficiently bright surface, -unless there have been three layers of sanded mortar, and two -of marbled<a id="FNanchor_2799_2799"></a><a href="#Footnote_2799_2799" class="fnanchor">2799</a> mortar upon that. In damp localities and places -subject to exhalations from the sea, it is the best plan to substitute -ground earthenware mortar for sanded mortar. In -Greece, it is the practice, first to pound the lime and sand used -for plastering, with wooden pestles in a large trough. The test -by which it is known that marbled mortar has been properly -blended, is its not adhering to the trowel; whereas, if it is -only wanted for white-washing, the lime, after being well -slaked with water, should stick like glue. For this last -purpose, however, the lime should only be slaked in lumps.</p> - -<p>At Elis, there is a Temple of Minerva, which was pargetted, -they say, by Panænus, the brother of Phidias, with a mortar -that was blended with milk and saffron:<a id="FNanchor_2800_2800"></a><a href="#Footnote_2800_2800" class="fnanchor">2800</a> hence it is, that, -even at the present day, when rubbed with spittle on the -finger, it yields the smell and flavour of saffron.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_56"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 56.—COLUMNS. THE SEVERAL KINDS OF COLUMNS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The more closely columns are placed together, the thicker -they appear to be. There are four different kinds of pillars. -Those of which the diameter at the foot is one-sixth part -of the height, are called Doric. When the diameter is one-ninth, -they are Ionic; and when it is one-seventh, Tuscan. -The proportions in the Corinthian are the same as those of -the Ionic; but they differ in the circumstance that the -Corinthian capitals are of the same height as the diameter -at the foot, a thing that gives them a more slender appearance; -whereas, in the Ionic column, the height of the -capital is only one-third of the diameter at the foot. In -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_375">375</a></span>ancient times the rule was, that the columns should be one-third -of the breadth of the temple in height.</p> - -<p>It was in the Temple of Diana, at Ephesus, as originally -built, that spirals<a id="FNanchor_2801_2801"></a><a href="#Footnote_2801_2801" class="fnanchor">2801</a> were first placed beneath, and capitals -added: and it was determined that the diameter of the shafts -should be one-eighth of their height, and that the spirals -should be one-half of the diameter in height, the upper extremity -of the shaft being one-seventh less in diameter than -the foot. In addition to these columns, there are what are -called “Attic” columns, quadrangular, and with equal sides.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_57"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 57. (24.)—FIVE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIME.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Lime is also employed very extensively in medicine. For -this purpose, fresh lime is selected, which has not been slaked -with water. Its properties are caustic, resolvent, and attractive; -and it prevents serpiginous ulcers from spreading, being -incorporated with vinegar and oil of roses, for the purpose. -When this has been effected, it is tempered with wax and oil of -roses, and applied to promote cicatrization. In combination -with honey, and liquid resin, or hogs’ lard, lime is curative of -sprains and scrofulous sores.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_58"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 58.—MALTHA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Maltha<a id="FNanchor_2802_2802"></a><a href="#Footnote_2802_2802" class="fnanchor">2802</a> is a cement prepared from fresh lime; lumps of -which are quenched in wine, and then pounded with hogs’ -lard and figs, both of them, mollifying substances.<a id="FNanchor_2803_2803"></a><a href="#Footnote_2803_2803" class="fnanchor">2803</a> It is the -most tenacious of all cements, and surpasses stone in hardness. -Before applying the maltha, the substance upon which it is -used must be well rubbed with oil.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_376">376</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_59"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 59.—GYPSUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Gypsum<a id="FNanchor_2804_2804"></a><a href="#Footnote_2804_2804" class="fnanchor">2804</a> has a close affinity with limestone, and there are -numerous varieties of it. One kind is prepared from a calcined<a id="FNanchor_2805_2805"></a><a href="#Footnote_2805_2805" class="fnanchor">2805</a> -stone, as in Syria, and at Thurii, for example. In -Cyprus and at Perrhæbia,<a id="FNanchor_2806_2806"></a><a href="#Footnote_2806_2806" class="fnanchor">2806</a> gypsum is dug out of the earth, -and at Tymphæa<a id="FNanchor_2807_2807"></a><a href="#Footnote_2807_2807" class="fnanchor">2807</a> it is found just below the level of the soil. -The stone that is calcined for this purpose, ought to be very -similar to alabastrites,<a id="FNanchor_2808_2808"></a><a href="#Footnote_2808_2808" class="fnanchor">2808</a> or else of a grain like that of marble. -In Syria, they select the hardest stones for the purpose, and -calcine them with cow-dung, to accelerate the process. Experience -has proved, however, that the best plaster of all is -that prepared from specular-stone,<a id="FNanchor_2809_2809"></a><a href="#Footnote_2809_2809" class="fnanchor">2809</a> or any other stone that is -similarly laminated. Gypsum, when moistened, must be used -immediately, as it hardens with the greatest rapidity; it -admits, however, of being triturated over again, and so reduced -to powder. It is very useful for pargetting, and has a -pleasing effect when used for ornamental figures and wreaths -in buildings.</p> - -<p>There is one remarkable fact connected with this substance; -Caius Proculeius,<a id="FNanchor_2810_2810"></a><a href="#Footnote_2810_2810" class="fnanchor">2810</a> an intimate friend of the Emperor Augustus, -suffering from violent pains in the stomach, swallowed gypsum, -and so put an end to his existence.<a id="FNanchor_2811_2811"></a><a href="#Footnote_2811_2811" class="fnanchor">2811</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_60"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 60. (25.)—PAVEMENTS. THE ASAROTOS ŒCOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Pavements are an invention of the Greeks, who also practised -the art of painting them, till they were superseded by -mosaics.<a id="FNanchor_2812_2812"></a><a href="#Footnote_2812_2812" class="fnanchor">2812</a> In this last branch of art, the highest excellence -has been attained by Sosus,<a id="FNanchor_2813_2813"></a><a href="#Footnote_2813_2813" class="fnanchor">2813</a> who laid, at Pergamus, the -mosaic pavement known as the “Asarotos œcos;”<a id="FNanchor_2814_2814"></a><a href="#Footnote_2814_2814" class="fnanchor">2814</a> from the -fact that he there represented, in small squares of different -colours, the remnants of a banquet lying upon the pavement, -and other things which are usually swept away with the broom, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_377">377</a></span>they having all the appearance of being left there by accident. -There is a dove also, greatly admired, in the act of drinking, -and throwing the shadow of its head upon the water; while -other birds are to be seen sunning and pluming themselves, on -the margin of a drinking-bowl.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_61"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 61.—THE FIRST PAVEMENTS IN USE AT ROME.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The first pavements, in my opinion, were those now known -to us as barbaric and subtegulan<a id="FNanchor_2815_2815"></a><a href="#Footnote_2815_2815" class="fnanchor">2815</a> pavements, a kind of work -that was beaten down with the rammer: at least if we may -form a judgment from the name<a id="FNanchor_2816_2816"></a><a href="#Footnote_2816_2816" class="fnanchor">2816</a> that has been given to them. -The first diamonded<a id="FNanchor_2817_2817"></a><a href="#Footnote_2817_2817" class="fnanchor">2817</a> pavement at Rome was laid in the Temple -of Jupiter Capitolinus, after the commencement of the Third -Punic War. That pavements had come into common use before -the Cimbric War, and that a taste for them was very -prevalent, is evident from the line of Lucilius—</p> - -<p> -“With checquered emblems like a pavement marked.”<a id="FNanchor_2818_2818"></a><a href="#Footnote_2818_2818" class="fnanchor">2818</a><br /> -</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_62"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 62.—TERRACE-ROOF PAVEMENTS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The Greeks have also invented terrace-roof<a id="FNanchor_2819_2819"></a><a href="#Footnote_2819_2819" class="fnanchor">2819</a> pavements, and -have covered their houses with them; a thing that may easily be -done in the hotter climates, but a great mistake in countries -where the rain is apt to become congealed. In making these -pavements, the proper plan is to begin with two layers of boards, -running different ways, and nailed at the extremities, to prevent -them from warping. Upon this planking a rough-work must -be laid, one-fourth of which consists of pounded pottery: and -upon this, another bed of rough-work, two-fifths composed of -lime, a foot in thickness, and well beaten down with the -rammer. The nucleus<a id="FNanchor_2820_2820"></a><a href="#Footnote_2820_2820" class="fnanchor">2820</a> is then laid down, a bed six fingers -in depth; and upon that, large square stones, not less than a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_378">378</a></span>couple of fingers in thickness; an inclination being carefully -observed, of an inch and a half to every ten feet. This done, -the surface is well rubbed down with a polishing stone. The -general opinion is, that oak<a id="FNanchor_2821_2821"></a><a href="#Footnote_2821_2821" class="fnanchor">2821</a> should never be used for the -planking, it being so very liable to warp; and it is considered -a good plan to cover the boards with a layer of fern or chaff, -that they may be the better able to resist the action of the -lime. It is necessary, too, before putting down the planking, -to underset it with a bed of round pebbles. Wheat-ear<a id="FNanchor_2822_2822"></a><a href="#Footnote_2822_2822" class="fnanchor">2822</a> tesselated -pavements are laid down in a similar manner.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_63"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 63.—GRÆCANIC PAVEMENTS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We must not omit here one other kind of pavement, that -known as the “Græcanic.” The ground is well rammed down, -and a bed of rough work, or else broken pottery, is then laid -upon it. Upon the top of this, a layer of charcoal is placed, -well trodden down with a mixture of sand, lime, and ashes; care -being taken, by line and rule, to give it a uniform thickness -of half a foot. The surface then presents the ordinary appearance -of the ground; but if it is well rubbed with the -polishing-stone, it will have all the appearance of a black -pavement.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_64"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 64.—AT WHAT PERIOD MOSAIC PAVEMENTS WERE FIRST -INVENTED. AT WHAT PERIOD ARCHED ROOFS WERE FIRST -DECORATED WITH GLASS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Mosaic<a id="FNanchor_2823_2823"></a><a href="#Footnote_2823_2823" class="fnanchor">2823</a> pavements were first introduced in the time of -Sylla; at all events, there is still in existence a pavement, -formed of small segments, which he ordered to be laid down -in the Temple of Fortune, at Præneste. Since his time, these -mosaics have left the ground for the arched roofs of houses, -and they are now made of glass. This, however, is but a -recent invention; for there can be no doubt that, when Agrippa -ordered the earthenware walls of the hot baths, in the -Thermæ which he was building at Rome, to be painted in -encaustic, and had the other parts coated with pargetting, he -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_379">379</a></span>would have had the arches decorated with mosaics in glass, if -the use of them had been known; or, at all events, if from the -walls of the Theatre of Scaurus, where it figured, as already<a id="FNanchor_2824_2824"></a><a href="#Footnote_2824_2824" class="fnanchor">2824</a> -stated, glass had by that time come to be used for the arched -roofs of apartments. It will be as well, therefore, to give -some account, also, of glass.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_65"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 65. (26.)—THE ORIGIN OF GLASS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In Syria there is a region known as Phœnice,<a id="FNanchor_2825_2825"></a><a href="#Footnote_2825_2825" class="fnanchor">2825</a> adjoining to -Judæa, and enclosing, between the lower ridges of Mount -Carmelus, a marshy district known by the name of Cendebia. -In this district, it is supposed, rises the river Belus,<a id="FNanchor_2826_2826"></a><a href="#Footnote_2826_2826" class="fnanchor">2826</a> which, -after a course of five miles, empties itself into the sea near the -colony of Ptolemaïs. The tide of this river is sluggish, and -the water unwholesome to drink, but held sacred for the -observance of certain religious ceremonials. Full of slimy -deposits, and very deep, it is only at the reflux of the tide -that the river discloses its sands; which, agitated by the -waves, separate themselves from their impurities, and so -become cleansed. It is generally thought that it is the -acridity of the sea-water that has this purgative effect upon -the sand, and that without this action no use could be made -of it. The shore upon which this sand is gathered is not -more than half a mile in extent; and yet, for many ages, this -was the only spot that afforded the material for making glass.</p> - -<p>The story is, that a ship, laden with nitre,<a id="FNanchor_2827_2827"></a><a href="#Footnote_2827_2827" class="fnanchor">2827</a> being moored -upon this spot, the merchants, while preparing their repast -upon the sea-shore, finding no stones at hand for supporting -their cauldrons, employed for the purpose some lumps of nitre -which they had taken from the vessel. Upon its being subjected -to the action of the fire, in combination with the sand -of the sea-shore, they beheld transparent streams flowing forth -of a liquid hitherto unknown: this, it is said, was the origin -of glass.<a id="FNanchor_2828_2828"></a><a href="#Footnote_2828_2828" class="fnanchor">2828</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_380">380</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_66"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 66.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF GLASS, AND THE MODE OF -MAKING IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In process of time, as human industry is ingenious in discovering, -it was not content with the combination of nitre, -but magnet-stone<a id="FNanchor_2829_2829"></a><a href="#Footnote_2829_2829" class="fnanchor">2829</a> began to be added as well; from the impression -that it attracts liquefied<a id="FNanchor_2830_2830"></a><a href="#Footnote_2830_2830" class="fnanchor">2830</a> glass as well as iron. In a -similar manner, too, brilliant stones of various descriptions -came to be added in the melting, and, at last, shells and fossil -sand. Some authors tell us, that the glass of India is made of -broken crystal, and that, in consequence, there is none that -can be compared to it.</p> - -<p>In fusing it, light and dry wood is used for fuel, Cyprian -copper and nitre being added to the melting, nitre of Ophir<a id="FNanchor_2831_2831"></a><a href="#Footnote_2831_2831" class="fnanchor">2831</a> -more particularly. It is melted, like copper, in contiguous -furnaces, and a swarthy mass of an unctuous appearance is the -result. Of such a penetrating nature is the molten glass, that -it will cut to the very bone any part of the body which “it -may come near, and that, too, before it is even felt. This -mass is again subjected to fusion in the furnace, for the purpose -of colouring it; after which, the glass is either blown -into various forms, turned in a lathe, or engraved<a id="FNanchor_2832_2832"></a><a href="#Footnote_2832_2832" class="fnanchor">2832</a> like silver. -Sidon was formerly famous for its glass-houses, for it was this -place that first invented<a id="FNanchor_2833_2833"></a><a href="#Footnote_2833_2833" class="fnanchor">2833</a> mirrors.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_381">381</a></span>Such was the ancient method of making glass: but, at the -present day, there is found a very white sand for the purpose, -at the mouth of the river Volturnus, in Italy. It spreads -over an extent of six miles, upon the sea-shore that lies -between Cumæ and Liternum, and is prepared for use by -pounding it with a pestle and mortar; which done, it is mixed -with three parts of nitre, either by weight or measure, and, -when fused, is transferred to another furnace. Here it forms -a mass of what is called “hammonitrum;” which is again -submitted to fusion, and becomes a mass of pure, white, glass. -Indeed, at the present day, throughout the Gallic and Spanish -provinces even, we find sand subjected to a similar process. -In the reign of Tiberius, it is said, a combination was devised -which produced a flexible<a id="FNanchor_2834_2834"></a><a href="#Footnote_2834_2834" class="fnanchor">2834</a> glass; but the manufactory of the -artist was totally destroyed, we are told, in order to prevent the -value of copper, silver, and gold, from becoming depreciated.<a id="FNanchor_2835_2835"></a><a href="#Footnote_2835_2835" class="fnanchor">2835</a> -This story, however, was, for a long time, more widely spread -than well authenticated. But be it as it may, it is of little -consequence; for, in the time of the Emperor Nero, there was a -process discovered, by which two small glass cups were made, -of the kind called “petroti,”<a id="FNanchor_2836_2836"></a><a href="#Footnote_2836_2836" class="fnanchor">2836</a> the price of which was no less -than six thousand sesterces!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_67"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 67.—OBSIAN GLASS AND OBSIAN STONE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Among the various kinds of glass, we may also reckon -Obsian glass, a substance very similar to the stone<a id="FNanchor_2837_2837"></a><a href="#Footnote_2837_2837" class="fnanchor">2837</a> which -Obsius discovered in Æthiopia. This stone is of a very dark -colour, and sometimes transparent; but it is dull to the sight, -and reflects, when attached as a mirror to walls, the shadow -of the object rather than the image. Many persons use it<a id="FNanchor_2838_2838"></a><a href="#Footnote_2838_2838" class="fnanchor">2838</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_382">382</a></span>for jewellery, and I myself have seen solid statues<a id="FNanchor_2839_2839"></a><a href="#Footnote_2839_2839" class="fnanchor">2839</a> in this -material of the late Emperor Augustus, of very considerable -thickness. That prince consecrated, in the Temple of Concord, -as something marvellous, four figures of elephants made -of Obsian stone. Tiberius Cæsar, too, restored to the people -of Heliopolis, as an object of ceremonial worship, an image in -this stone, which had been found among the property left by -one of the præfects of Egypt. It was a figure of Menelaüs; a -circumstance which goes far towards proving that the use of -this material is of more ancient date than is generally supposed, -confounded as it is at the present day with glass, by -reason of its resemblance. Xenocrates says that Obsian stone -is found in India also, and in Samnium in Italy; and that it -is a natural product of Spain, upon the coasts which border -on the Ocean.<a id="FNanchor_2840_2840"></a><a href="#Footnote_2840_2840" class="fnanchor">2840</a></p> - -<p>There is an artificial Obsian stone, made of coloured glass -for services for the table; and there is also a glass that is red -all through, and opaque, known as “hæmatinum.”<a id="FNanchor_2841_2841"></a><a href="#Footnote_2841_2841" class="fnanchor">2841</a> A dead -white glass, too, is made, as also other kinds in imitation of murrhine<a id="FNanchor_2842_2842"></a><a href="#Footnote_2842_2842" class="fnanchor">2842</a> -colour, hyacinthine, sapphire, and every other tint: -indeed, there is no material of a more pliable<a id="FNanchor_2843_2843"></a><a href="#Footnote_2843_2843" class="fnanchor">2843</a> nature than -this, or better suited for colouring. Still, however, the -highest value is set upon glass that is entirely colourless and -transparent, as nearly as possible resembling crystal, in fact. -For drinking-vessels, glass has quite superseded the use of -silver and gold; but it is unable to stand heat unless a -cold liquid is poured in first. And yet, we find that globular -glass vessels, filled with water, when brought in contact with -the rays of the sun,<a id="FNanchor_2844_2844"></a><a href="#Footnote_2844_2844" class="fnanchor">2844</a> become heated to such a degree as to -cause articles of clothing to ignite. When broken, too, glass -admits of being joined by the agency of heat; but it cannot -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_383">383</a></span>be wholly fused without being pulverized into small fragments,<a id="FNanchor_2845_2845"></a><a href="#Footnote_2845_2845" class="fnanchor">2845</a> -as we see done in the process of making the small -checquers, known as “abaculi,” for mosaic work; some of -which are of variegated colours, and of different shapes. If -glass is fused with sulphur, it will become as hard as stone.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_68"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 68. (27.)—MARVELLOUS FACTS CONNECTED WITH FIRE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Having now described all the creations of human ingenuity, -reproductions, in fact, of Nature by the agency of art, it -cannot but recur to us, with a feeling of admiration, that there -is hardly any process which is not perfected through the -intervention of fire. Submit to its action some sandy soil, -and in one place it will yield glass, in another silver, in -another minium, and in others, again, lead and its several -varieties, pigments, and numerous medicaments. It is through -the agency of fire that stones<a id="FNanchor_2846_2846"></a><a href="#Footnote_2846_2846" class="fnanchor">2846</a> are melted into copper; by fire -that iron is produced, and subdued to our purposes; by fire -that gold is purified; by fire, too, that the stone is calcined, -which is to hold together the walls of our houses.</p> - -<p>Some materials, again, are all the better for being repeatedly -submitted to the action of fire; and the same substance will -yield one product at the first fusion, another at the second, and -another at the third.<a id="FNanchor_2847_2847"></a><a href="#Footnote_2847_2847" class="fnanchor">2847</a> Charcoal, when it has passed through fire -and has been quenched, only begins to assume its active properties; -and, when it might be supposed to have been reduced -to annihilation, it is then that it has its greatest energies. An -element this, of immense, of boundless<a id="FNanchor_2848_2848"></a><a href="#Footnote_2848_2848" class="fnanchor">2848</a> power, and, as to -which, it is a matter of doubt whether it does not create even -more than it destroys!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_69"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 69.—THREE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM FIRE AND FROM -ASHES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Fire even has certain medicinal virtues of its own. When -pestilences prevail, in consequence of the obscuration<a id="FNanchor_2849_2849"></a><a href="#Footnote_2849_2849" class="fnanchor">2849</a> of the -sun, it is a well-known fact, that if fires are lighted, they are -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_384">384</a></span>productive of beneficial results in numerous ways. Empedocles -and Hippocrates have proved this in several passages.</p> - -<p>“For convulsions or contusions of the viscera,” says M. -Varro—for it is his own words that I use—“let the hearth be -your medicine-box; for lie of ashes,<a id="FNanchor_2850_2850"></a><a href="#Footnote_2850_2850" class="fnanchor">2850</a> taken from thence, mixed -with your drink, will effect a cure. Witness the gladiators, for -example, who, when disabled at the Games, refresh themselves -with this drink.” Carbuncle too, a kind of disease which, as -already<a id="FNanchor_2851_2851"></a><a href="#Footnote_2851_2851" class="fnanchor">2851</a> stated, has recently carried off two persons of consular -rank, admits of being successfully treated with oak-charcoal,<a id="FNanchor_2852_2852"></a><a href="#Footnote_2852_2852" class="fnanchor">2852</a> -triturated with honey. So true is it that things which are despised -even, and looked upon as so utterly destitute of all virtues, -have still their own remedial properties, charcoal and ashes for -example.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_70"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 70.—PRODIGIES CONNECTED WITH THE HEARTH.</span></h3></div> - -<p>I must not omit too, one portentous fact connected with the -hearth, and famous in Roman history. In the reign of Tarquinius -Priscus, it is said, there appeared upon his hearth a resemblance -of the male generative organ in the midst of the -ashes. The captive Ocrisia, a servant of Queen Tanaquil, who -happened to be sitting there, arose from her seat in a state of -pregnancy, and became the mother of Servius Tullius, who eventually -succeeded to the throne.<a id="FNanchor_2853_2853"></a><a href="#Footnote_2853_2853" class="fnanchor">2853</a> It is stated, too, that while the -child was sleeping in the palace, a flame was seen playing -round his head; the consequence of which was, that it was -believed that the Lar of the household was his progenitor. It -was owing to this circumstance, we are informed, that the -Compitalia,<a id="FNanchor_2854_2854"></a><a href="#Footnote_2854_2854" class="fnanchor">2854</a> games in honour of the Lares, were instituted.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_385">385</a></span><span class="smcap">Summary.</span>—Remedies mentioned, eighty-nine. Facts and -narratives, four hundred and thirty-four.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Roman Authors quoted.</span>—M. Varro,<a id="FNanchor_2855_2855"></a><a href="#Footnote_2855_2855" class="fnanchor">2855</a> Cælius,<a id="FNanchor_2856_2856"></a><a href="#Footnote_2856_2856" class="fnanchor">2856</a> Galba,<a id="FNanchor_2857_2857"></a><a href="#Footnote_2857_2857" class="fnanchor">2857</a> -Cincius,<a id="FNanchor_2858_2858"></a><a href="#Footnote_2858_2858" class="fnanchor">2858</a> Mucianus,<a id="FNanchor_2859_2859"></a><a href="#Footnote_2859_2859" class="fnanchor">2859</a> Nepos Cornelius,<a id="FNanchor_2860_2860"></a><a href="#Footnote_2860_2860" class="fnanchor">2860</a> L. Piso,<a id="FNanchor_2861_2861"></a><a href="#Footnote_2861_2861" class="fnanchor">2861</a> Q. Tubero,<a id="FNanchor_2862_2862"></a><a href="#Footnote_2862_2862" class="fnanchor">2862</a> -Fabius Vestalis,<a id="FNanchor_2863_2863"></a><a href="#Footnote_2863_2863" class="fnanchor">2863</a> Annius Fetialis,<a id="FNanchor_2864_2864"></a><a href="#Footnote_2864_2864" class="fnanchor">2864</a> Fabianus,<a id="FNanchor_2865_2865"></a><a href="#Footnote_2865_2865" class="fnanchor">2865</a> Seneca,<a id="FNanchor_2866_2866"></a><a href="#Footnote_2866_2866" class="fnanchor">2866</a> -Cato the Censor,<a id="FNanchor_2867_2867"></a><a href="#Footnote_2867_2867" class="fnanchor">2867</a> Vitruvius.<a id="FNanchor_2868_2868"></a><a href="#Footnote_2868_2868" class="fnanchor">2868</a></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Foreign Authors quoted.</span>—Theophrastus,<a id="FNanchor_2869_2869"></a><a href="#Footnote_2869_2869" class="fnanchor">2869</a> Pasiteles,<a id="FNanchor_2870_2870"></a><a href="#Footnote_2870_2870" class="fnanchor">2870</a> King -Juba,<a id="FNanchor_2871_2871"></a><a href="#Footnote_2871_2871" class="fnanchor">2871</a> Nicander,<a id="FNanchor_2872_2872"></a><a href="#Footnote_2872_2872" class="fnanchor">2872</a> Sotacus,<a id="FNanchor_2873_2873"></a><a href="#Footnote_2873_2873" class="fnanchor">2873</a> Sudines,<a id="FNanchor_2874_2874"></a><a href="#Footnote_2874_2874" class="fnanchor">2874</a> Alexander<a id="FNanchor_2875_2875"></a><a href="#Footnote_2875_2875" class="fnanchor">2875</a> Polyhistor, -Apion,<a id="FNanchor_2876_2876"></a><a href="#Footnote_2876_2876" class="fnanchor">2876</a> Plistonicus,<a id="FNanchor_2877_2877"></a><a href="#Footnote_2877_2877" class="fnanchor">2877</a> Duris,<a id="FNanchor_2878_2878"></a><a href="#Footnote_2878_2878" class="fnanchor">2878</a> Herodotus,<a id="FNanchor_2879_2879"></a><a href="#Footnote_2879_2879" class="fnanchor">2879</a> Euhemerus,<a id="FNanchor_2880_2880"></a><a href="#Footnote_2880_2880" class="fnanchor">2880</a> -Aristagoras,<a id="FNanchor_2881_2881"></a><a href="#Footnote_2881_2881" class="fnanchor">2881</a> Dionysius,<a id="FNanchor_2882_2882"></a><a href="#Footnote_2882_2882" class="fnanchor">2882</a> Artemidorus,<a id="FNanchor_2883_2883"></a><a href="#Footnote_2883_2883" class="fnanchor">2883</a> Butoridas,<a id="FNanchor_2884_2884"></a><a href="#Footnote_2884_2884" class="fnanchor">2884</a> Antisthenes,<a id="FNanchor_2885_2885"></a><a href="#Footnote_2885_2885" class="fnanchor">2885</a> -Demetrius,<a id="FNanchor_2886_2886"></a><a href="#Footnote_2886_2886" class="fnanchor">2886</a> Demoteles,<a id="FNanchor_2887_2887"></a><a href="#Footnote_2887_2887" class="fnanchor">2887</a> Lyceas.<a id="FNanchor_2888_2888"></a><a href="#Footnote_2888_2888" class="fnanchor">2888</a></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_386">386</a></span></p> -<h2 id="BOOK_XXXVII">BOOK XXXVII.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PRECIOUS STONES.</span></h2></div> - -<h3 class="section nobreak" id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_1"><span class="inblk">CHAP. 1. (1.)—THE FIRST USE OF PRECIOUS STONES.</span></h3> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">That</span> nothing may be wanting to the work which I have -undertaken, it still remains for me to speak of precious stones: -a subject in which the majestic might of Nature presents itself -to us, contracted within a very limited space, though, in the -opinion of many, nowhere displayed in a more admirable form. -So great is the value that men attach to the multiplied varieties -of these gems, their numerous colours, their constituent parts, -and their singular beauty, that, in the case of some of them, it -is looked upon as no less than sacrilege to engrave them, for -signets even, the very purpose for which, in reality, they were -made. Others, again, are regarded as beyond all price, and could -not be valued at any known amount of human wealth; so much -so that, in the case of many, it is quite sufficient to have some -single gem or other before the eyes, there to behold the supreme -and absolute perfection of Nature’s work.</p> - -<p>We have already<a id="FNanchor_2889_2889"></a><a href="#Footnote_2889_2889" class="fnanchor">2889</a> stated, to some extent, when speaking on -the subject of gold and rings, how the use of precious stones -first originated, and from what beginnings this admiration of -them has now increased to such an universal passion. According -to fabulous lore, the first use of them was suggested -by the rocks of Caucasus, in consequence of an unhappy interpretation -which was given to the story of the chains of Prometheus: -for we are told by tradition, that he enclosed a fragment -of this stone in iron, and wore it upon his finger;<a id="FNanchor_2890_2890"></a><a href="#Footnote_2890_2890" class="fnanchor">2890</a> such -being the first ring and the first jewel known.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_2"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 2.—THE JEWEL OF POLYCRATES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>With a beginning such as this, the value set upon precious -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_387">387</a></span>stones increased to such a boundless extent, that Polycrates,<a id="FNanchor_2891_2891"></a><a href="#Footnote_2891_2891" class="fnanchor">2891</a> -the tyrant of Samos, who ruled over the islands and the adjacent -shores, when he admitted that his good fortune had been -too great, deemed it a sufficient expiation for all this enjoyment -of happiness, to make a voluntary sacrifice of a single -precious stone; thinking thereby to balance accounts with the -inconstancy of fortune, and, by this single cause for regret, -abundantly to buy off every ill-will she might entertain. -Weary, therefore, of his continued prosperity, he embarked on -board a ship, and, putting out to sea, threw the ring which he -wore into the waves. It so happened, however, that a fish of remarkable -size, one destined for the table of a king, swallowed -the jewel, as it would have done a bait; and then, to complete -the portentous omen, restored it again to the owner in the -royal kitchen, by the ruling hand of a treacherous<a id="FNanchor_2892_2892"></a><a href="#Footnote_2892_2892" class="fnanchor">2892</a> fortune.</p> - -<p>The stone in this ring, it is generally agreed, was a sardonyx,<a id="FNanchor_2893_2893"></a><a href="#Footnote_2893_2893" class="fnanchor">2893</a> -and they still show one at Rome, which, if we believe the -story, was this identical stone. It is enclosed in a horn of gold, -and was deposited, by the Emperor Augustus, in the Temple -of Concord, where it holds pretty nearly the lowest rank among -a multitude of other jewels that are preferable to it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_3"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 3.—THE JEWEL OF PYRRHUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Next in note after this ring, is the jewel that belonged to -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_388">388</a></span>another king, Pyrrhus, who was so long at war with the Romans. -It is said that there was in his possession an agate,<a id="FNanchor_2894_2894"></a><a href="#Footnote_2894_2894" class="fnanchor">2894</a> upon which -were to be seen the Nine Muses and Apollo holding a lyre; not -a work of art, but the spontaneous produce of Nature,<a id="FNanchor_2895_2895"></a><a href="#Footnote_2895_2895" class="fnanchor">2895</a> the veins -in it being so arranged that each of the Muses had her own -peculiar attribute.</p> - -<p>With the exception of these two jewels, authors make no -mention of any others that have been rendered famous. We -only find it recorded by them, that Ismenias the flute-player<a id="FNanchor_2896_2896"></a><a href="#Footnote_2896_2896" class="fnanchor">2896</a> -was in the habit of displaying great numbers of glittering -stones, a piece of vanity, on his part, which gave occasion to -the following story. An emerald,<a id="FNanchor_2897_2897"></a><a href="#Footnote_2897_2897" class="fnanchor">2897</a> upon which was engraved -a figure of Amymone,<a id="FNanchor_2898_2898"></a><a href="#Footnote_2898_2898" class="fnanchor">2898</a> being offered for sale in the Isle of -Cyprus at the price of six golden denarii, he gave orders to -purchase it. The dealer however, reduced the price, and -returned two denarii; upon which, Ismenias remarked—“By -Hercules! he has done me but a bad turn in this, for the merit -of the stone has been greatly impaired by this reduction in -price.”</p> - -<p>It seems to have been this Ismenias who introduced the -universal practice among musicians of proclaiming their artistic -merit by this kind of ostentation. Thus Dionysodorus, for -instance, his contemporary and rival, imitated his example, -in order that he might not appear to be his inferior in skill; -whereas, in reality, he only held the third rank among the -musicians of that day. Nicomachus, too, it is said, was the -possessor of great numbers of precious stones, though selected -with but little taste. In mentioning these illustrations, by way -of prelude to this Book, it is by no means improbable that they -may have the appearance of being addressed to those, who, -piquing themselves upon a similar display, become puffed up -with a vanity which is evidently much more appropriate to a -performer on the flute.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_389">389</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_4"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 4.—WHO WERE THE MOST SKILFUL LAPIDARIES. THE -FINEST SPECIMENS OF ENGRAVING ON PRECIOUS STONES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The stone of the ring<a id="FNanchor_2899_2899"></a><a href="#Footnote_2899_2899" class="fnanchor">2899</a> which is now shown as that of Polycrates, -is untouched and without engraving. In the time of -Ismenias, long<a id="FNanchor_2900_2900"></a><a href="#Footnote_2900_2900" class="fnanchor">2900</a> after his day, it would appear to have become -the practice to engrave smaragdi even; a fact which is established -by an edict of Alexander the Great, forbidding his portrait -to be cut upon this stone by any other engraver than -Pyrgoteles,<a id="FNanchor_2901_2901"></a><a href="#Footnote_2901_2901" class="fnanchor">2901</a> who, no doubt, was the most famous adept in this -art. Since his time, Apollonides and Cronius have excelled in -it; as also Dioscurides,<a id="FNanchor_2902_2902"></a><a href="#Footnote_2902_2902" class="fnanchor">2902</a> who engraved a very excellent likeness -of the late Emperor Augustus upon a signet, which, ever since, -the Roman emperors have used. The Dictator Sylla, it is -said, always made use of a seal<a id="FNanchor_2903_2903"></a><a href="#Footnote_2903_2903" class="fnanchor">2903</a> which represented the surrender -of Jugurtha. Authors inform us also, that the native -of Intercatia,<a id="FNanchor_2904_2904"></a><a href="#Footnote_2904_2904" class="fnanchor">2904</a> whose father challenged Scipio Æmilianus,<a id="FNanchor_2905_2905"></a><a href="#Footnote_2905_2905" class="fnanchor">2905</a> -and was slain by him, was in the habit of using a signet -with a representation of this combat engraved upon it; a circumstance -which gave rise to the well-known joke of Stilo -Præconinus,<a id="FNanchor_2906_2906"></a><a href="#Footnote_2906_2906" class="fnanchor">2906</a> who naively enquired, what he would have done -if Scipio had been the person slain?</p> - -<p>The late Emperor Augustus was in the habit, at first, of -using the figure of a Sphinx<a id="FNanchor_2907_2907"></a><a href="#Footnote_2907_2907" class="fnanchor">2907</a> for his signet; having found -two of them, among the jewels of his mother, that were perfectly -alike. During the Civil Wars, his friends used to employ -one of these signets, in his absence, for sealing such letters -and edicts as the circumstances of the times required to be -issued in his name; it being far from an unmeaning pleasantry -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_390">390</a></span>on the part of those who received these missives, that the -Sphinx always brought its enigmas<a id="FNanchor_2908_2908"></a><a href="#Footnote_2908_2908" class="fnanchor">2908</a> with it. The frog, too, -on the seal of Mæcenas, was held in great terror, by reason of -the monetary imposts which it announced. At a later period, -with the view of avoiding the sarcasms relative to the Sphinx, -Augustus made use of a signet with a figure upon it of Alexander -the Great.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_5"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 5.—THE FIRST DACTYLIOTHECÆ AT ROME.</span></h3></div> - -<p>A collection of precious stones bears the foreign name of -“dactyliotheca.”<a id="FNanchor_2909_2909"></a><a href="#Footnote_2909_2909" class="fnanchor">2909</a> The first person who possessed one at Rome -was Scaurus,<a id="FNanchor_2910_2910"></a><a href="#Footnote_2910_2910" class="fnanchor">2910</a> the step-son of Sylla; and, for a long time, -there was no other such collection there, until at length Pompeius -Magnus consecrated in the Capitol, among other donations, -one that had belonged to King Mithridates; and which, -as M. Varro and other authors of that period assure us, was -greatly superior to that of Scaurus. Following his example, -the Dictator Cæsar consecrated six dactyliothecæ in the Temple -of Venus Genetrix; and Marcellus, the son of Octavia,<a id="FNanchor_2911_2911"></a><a href="#Footnote_2911_2911" class="fnanchor">2911</a> presented -one to the Temple of the Palatine Apollo.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_6"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 6.—JEWELS DISPLAYED AT ROME IN THE TRIUMPH OF -POMPEIUS MAGNUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>But it was this conquest by Pompeius Magnus that first -introduced so general a taste for pearls and precious stones; -just as the victories, gained by L. Scipio<a id="FNanchor_2912_2912"></a><a href="#Footnote_2912_2912" class="fnanchor">2912</a> and Cneius Manlius,<a id="FNanchor_2913_2913"></a><a href="#Footnote_2913_2913" class="fnanchor">2913</a> -had first turned the public attention to chased silver, -Attalic tissues, and banquetting-couches decorated with bronze; -and the conquests of L. Mummius had brought Corinthian -bronzes and pictures into notice.</p> - -<p>(2.) To prove more fully that this was the case, I will here -give the very words of the public Registers<a id="FNanchor_2914_2914"></a><a href="#Footnote_2914_2914" class="fnanchor">2914</a> with reference -to the triumphs of Pompeius Magnus. On the occasion of his -third triumph, over the Pirates and over the Kings and nations -of Asia and Pontus that have been already enumerated in the -Seventh Book<a id="FNanchor_2915_2915"></a><a href="#Footnote_2915_2915" class="fnanchor">2915</a> of this work, M. Fiso and M. Messala being -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_391">391</a></span>consuls,<a id="FNanchor_2916_2916"></a><a href="#Footnote_2916_2916" class="fnanchor">2916</a> on the day before<a id="FNanchor_2917_2917"></a><a href="#Footnote_2917_2917" class="fnanchor">2917</a> the calends of October, the anniversary -of his birth, he displayed in public, with its pieces, -a chess-board,<a id="FNanchor_2918_2918"></a><a href="#Footnote_2918_2918" class="fnanchor">2918</a> made of two precious stones, three feet in -width by two in length—and to leave no doubt that the resources -of Nature do become exhausted, I will here observe, -that no precious stones are to be found at the present day, at all -approaching such dimensions as these; as also that there was -upon this board a moon of solid gold, thirty pounds in weight!—three -banquetting-couches; vessels for nine waiters, in -gold and precious stones; three golden statues of Minerva, -Mars, and Apollo; thirty-three crowns adorned with pearls; -a square mountain of gold, with stags upon it, lions, and all -kinds of fruit, and surrounded with a vine of gold; as also a -musæum,<a id="FNanchor_2919_2919"></a><a href="#Footnote_2919_2919" class="fnanchor">2919</a> adorned with pearls, with an horologe<a id="FNanchor_2920_2920"></a><a href="#Footnote_2920_2920" class="fnanchor">2920</a> upon the -top of it.</p> - -<p>There was a likeness also in pearls of Pompeius himself, his -noble countenance, with the hair thrown back from the forehead, -delighting the eye. Yes, I say, those frank features, so -venerated throughout all nations, were here displayed in pearls! -the severity of our ancient manners being thus subdued, and -the display being more the triumph of luxury than the triumph -of conquest. Never, most assuredly, would Pompeius have so -long maintained his surname of “Magnus” among the men of -that day, if on the occasion of his first<a id="FNanchor_2921_2921"></a><a href="#Footnote_2921_2921" class="fnanchor">2921</a> conquest his triumph -had been such as this. Thy portrait in pearls, O Magnus! those -resources of prodigality, that have been discovered for the -sake of females only! Thy portrait in pearls, refinements in -luxury, which the Roman laws would not have allowed thee to -wear even! And was it in this way that thy value must be appreciated? -Would not that trophy have given a more truthful likeness -of thee which thou hadst erst erected upon the Pyrenæan<a id="FNanchor_2922_2922"></a><a href="#Footnote_2922_2922" class="fnanchor">2922</a> -mountain heights? Assuredly such a portrait as this had been -no less than a downright ignominy and disgrace, were we not -bound to behold in it a menacing presage of the anger of the -gods, and to see foreshadowed thereby the time when that head, -now laden with the wealth of the East, was to be displayed, -severed from the body.<a id="FNanchor_2923_2923"></a><a href="#Footnote_2923_2923" class="fnanchor">2923</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_392">392</a></span>But in other respects, how truly befitting the hero was this -triumph! To the state, he presented two thousand millions of -sesterces; to the legati and quæstors who had exerted themselves -in defence of the sea coast, he gave one thousand millions -of sesterces; and to each individual soldier, six thousand sesterces. -He has rendered, however, comparatively excusable -the Emperor Caius,<a id="FNanchor_2924_2924"></a><a href="#Footnote_2924_2924" class="fnanchor">2924</a> who, in addition to other feminine luxuries, -used to wear shoes adorned with pearls; as also the -Emperor Nero, who used to adorn his sceptres with masks -worked in pearls, and had the couches, destined for his pleasures, -made of the same costly materials. Nay, we have no longer any -right, it would seem, to censure the employment of drinking-cups -adorned with precious stones, of various other articles in -daily use that are similarly enriched, and of rings that sparkle -with gems: for what species of luxury can there be thought of, -that was not more innocent in its results than this on the part of -Pompeius?</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_7"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 7.—AT WHAT PERIOD MURRHINE VESSELS WERE FIRST INTRODUCED -AT ROME. INSTANCES OF LUXURY IN REFERENCE TO -THEM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It was the same conquest, too, that first introduced murrhine<a id="FNanchor_2925_2925"></a><a href="#Footnote_2925_2925" class="fnanchor">2925</a> -vessels at Rome; Pompeius being the first to dedicate, at -the conclusion of this triumph, vases and cups, made of this -material, in the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus: a circumstance -which soon brought them into private use, waiters, even, and -eating-utensils made of murrhine being in great request. -This species of luxury, too, is daily on the increase, a single -cup, which would hold no more than three sextarii, having -been purchased at the price of seventy thousand sesterces. A. -person of consular rank, who some years<a id="FNanchor_2926_2926"></a><a href="#Footnote_2926_2926" class="fnanchor">2926</a> ago used to drink -out of this cup, grew so passionately fond of it, as to gnaw its -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_393">393</a></span>edges even, an injury, however, which has only tended to enhance -its value: indeed there is now no vessel in murrhine that -has ever been estimated at a higher figure than this. We -may form some opinion how much money this same personage -swallowed up in articles of this description, from the fact that -the number of them was so great, that, when the Emperor -Nero deprived his children of them, and they were exposed to -public view, they occupied a whole theatre to themselves, in -the gardens beyond the Tiber; a theatre which was found -sufficiently large even, for the audience that attended on the -occasion when Nero<a id="FNanchor_2927_2927"></a><a href="#Footnote_2927_2927" class="fnanchor">2927</a> rehearsed his musical performances before -his appearance in the Theatre of Pompeius. It was at this -exhibition, too, that I saw counted the broken fragments of a -single cup, which it was thought proper to preserve in an urn -and display, I suppose, with the view of exciting the sorrows -of the world, and of exposing the cruelty of fortune; just as -though it had been no less than the body of Alexander the -Great himself!</p> - -<p>T. Petronius,<a id="FNanchor_2928_2928"></a><a href="#Footnote_2928_2928" class="fnanchor">2928</a> a personage of consular rank, intending, from -his hatred of Nero, to disinherit the table of that prince, broke -a murrhine basin, which had cost him no less than three -hundred thousand sesterces. But Nero himself, as it was only -proper for a prince to do, surpassed them all, by paying one -million of sesterces for a single cup: a fact well worthy of -remembrance, that an emperor, the father of his country, -should have drunk from a vessel of such costly price!</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_8"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 8.—THE NATURE OF MURRHINE VESSELS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Murrhine vessels come from the East, in numerous localities -of which, remarkable for nothing else, they are to be found. -It is in the empire of the Parthians, more particularly, that -they are met with, though those of the very finest quality -come to us from Carmania.<a id="FNanchor_2929_2929"></a><a href="#Footnote_2929_2929" class="fnanchor">2929</a> It is generally thought that -these vessels are formed of a moist substance, which under -ground becomes solidified by heat.<a id="FNanchor_2930_2930"></a><a href="#Footnote_2930_2930" class="fnanchor">2930</a> In size they never exceed -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_394">394</a></span>a small waiter,<a id="FNanchor_2931_2931"></a><a href="#Footnote_2931_2931" class="fnanchor">2931</a> and, as to thickness, they rarely admit of -being used as drinking-cups, so large as those already<a id="FNanchor_2932_2932"></a><a href="#Footnote_2932_2932" class="fnanchor">2932</a> mentioned. -The brightness of them is destitute of strength, and -it may be said that they are rather shining than brilliant.<a id="FNanchor_2933_2933"></a><a href="#Footnote_2933_2933" class="fnanchor">2933</a> -But the chief merit of them is the great variety of their -colours, and the wreathed veins, which, every here and there, -present shades of purple and white, with a mixture of the two; -the purple gradually changing, as it were, to a fiery red, and -the milk-white assuming a ruddy hue. Some persons praise -the edges of these vessels more particularly, with a kind of -reflection in the colours, like those beheld in the rain-bow. -Others, again, are more pleased with them when quite opaque, -it being considered a demerit when they are at all transparent, -or of a pallid hue. The appearance, too, of crystals<a id="FNanchor_2934_2934"></a><a href="#Footnote_2934_2934" class="fnanchor">2934</a> in them -is highly prized, and of spots that look like warts; not prominent, -but depressed, as we mostly see upon the human body. -The perfume,<a id="FNanchor_2935_2935"></a><a href="#Footnote_2935_2935" class="fnanchor">2935</a> too, of which they smell, is looked upon as an -additional recommendation.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_9"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 9—THE NATURE OF CRYSTAL.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It is a diametrically opposite cause to this that produces -crystal,<a id="FNanchor_2936_2936"></a><a href="#Footnote_2936_2936" class="fnanchor">2936</a> a substance which assumes a concrete form from excessive -congelation.<a id="FNanchor_2937_2937"></a><a href="#Footnote_2937_2937" class="fnanchor">2937</a> At all events, crystal is only to be found -in places where the winter snow freezes with the greatest intensity; -and it is from the certainty that it is a kind of ice, -that it has received the name<a id="FNanchor_2938_2938"></a><a href="#Footnote_2938_2938" class="fnanchor">2938</a> which it bears in Greek. The -East, too, sends us crystal, there being none preferred to the produce -of India. It is to be found, also, in Asia, that of the vicinity -of Alabanda,<a id="FNanchor_2939_2939"></a><a href="#Footnote_2939_2939" class="fnanchor">2939</a> Orthosia,<a id="FNanchor_2940_2940"></a><a href="#Footnote_2940_2940" class="fnanchor">2940</a> and the neighbouring mountains, -being held in a very low degree of esteem. In Cyprus, also, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_395">395</a></span>there is crystal, but that found upon the Alpine heights in -Europe is, in general, more highly valued. According to -Juba, there is crystal in a certain island of the Red Sea, opposite -the coast of Arabia, called “Necron;”<a id="FNanchor_2941_2941"></a><a href="#Footnote_2941_2941" class="fnanchor">2941</a> as, also, in another -neighbouring island<a id="FNanchor_2942_2942"></a><a href="#Footnote_2942_2942" class="fnanchor">2942</a> which produces the precious stone -known as the “topazus;” where a block of crystal was extracted, -he says, by Pythagoras, the præfect of King Ptolemæus, -no less than a cubit in length.</p> - -<p>Cornelius Bocchus informs us that in Lusitania, there have -been blocks of crystal found, of extraordinary weight, in sinking -shafts in the Ammiensian<a id="FNanchor_2943_2943"></a><a href="#Footnote_2943_2943" class="fnanchor">2943</a> mountains there, to a water-level -for the supply of wells. It is a marvellous fact, stated by Xenocrates -of Ephesus, that in Asia and in the Isle of Cyprus, -crystal is turned up by the plough; it having been the general -belief that it is never to be found in terreous soils, and only -in rocky localities. That is much more probable which the -same Xenocrates tells us, when he says that the mountain -streams often bring down with them fragments of crystal. -Sudines says, that crystal is only to be found in localities that -face the south, a thing that is known to be really the fact: -indeed, it is never found in humid spots, however cold the -climate may be, even though the rivers there freeze to the very -bottom. Rain-water and pure snow are absolutely necessary -for its formation,<a id="FNanchor_2944_2944"></a><a href="#Footnote_2944_2944" class="fnanchor">2944</a> and hence it is, that it is unable to endure -heat, being solely employed for holding liquids that are taken -cold. From the circumstance of its being hexagonal<a id="FNanchor_2945_2945"></a><a href="#Footnote_2945_2945" class="fnanchor">2945</a> and -hexahedral, it is not easy to penetrate this substance; and the -more so, as the pyramidal terminations do not always have -the same appearance. The polish on its faces is so exquisite, -that no art can possibly equal it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_10"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 10.—LUXURY DISPLAYED IN THE USE OF CRYSTAL. REMEDIES -DERIVED FROM CRYSTAL.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The largest block of crystal that has ever been beheld by -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_396">396</a></span>us, is the one that was consecrated by Julia Augusta in the Capitol, -and which weighed about one hundred and fifty pounds.<a id="FNanchor_2946_2946"></a><a href="#Footnote_2946_2946" class="fnanchor">2946</a> -Xenocrates speaks of having seen a vase of crystal, which held -one amphora,<a id="FNanchor_2947_2947"></a><a href="#Footnote_2947_2947" class="fnanchor">2947</a> and we find other writers mentioning a vessel -from India which held four sextarii. For my own part, I can -positively say, that there is crystal amid the crags of the Alps, -so difficult of access, that it is usually found necessary to be -suspended by ropes in order to extract it. Persons who are -experienced in the matter detect its presence by certain signs -and indications.</p> - -<p>Crystal is subject to numerous defects, sometimes presenting -a rough, solder-like, substance, or else clouded by spots -upon it; while occasionally it contains some hidden humour<a id="FNanchor_2948_2948"></a><a href="#Footnote_2948_2948" class="fnanchor">2948</a> -within, or is traversed by hard and brittle knurrs,<a id="FNanchor_2949_2949"></a><a href="#Footnote_2949_2949" class="fnanchor">2949</a> -which are known as “salt grains.”<a id="FNanchor_2950_2950"></a><a href="#Footnote_2950_2950" class="fnanchor">2950</a> Some crystal, too, has a -red rust upon it, while, in other instances, it contains filaments -that look like flaws, a defect which artists conceal by -engraving it. But where crystals are entirely free from defect, -they are preferred uncut; in which case, they are known -as “acenteta,”<a id="FNanchor_2951_2951"></a><a href="#Footnote_2951_2951" class="fnanchor">2951</a> and have the colour, not of foam, but of -limpid water. In the last place, the weight of crystals is a -point which is taken into consideration.</p> - -<p>I find it stated by medical men that the very best cautery -for the human body is a ball of crystal acted upon by the rays -of the sun.<a id="FNanchor_2952_2952"></a><a href="#Footnote_2952_2952" class="fnanchor">2952</a> This substance, too, has been made the object of -a mania; for, not many years ago, a mistress of a family, -who was by no means very rich, gave one hundred and fifty -thousand sesterces for a single basin made of crystal. Nero, -on receiving tidings that all was lost, in the excess of his -fury, dashed two cups of crystal to pieces; this being his last -act of vengeance upon his fellow-creatures, preventing any -one from ever drinking again from these vessels. Crystal, -when broken, cannot by any possibility be mended. Vessels in -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_397">397</a></span>glass have been brought to a marvellous degree of resemblance -to crystal; and yet, wonderful to say, they have only tended -to enhance the value of crystal, and in no way to depreciate -it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 11.—AMBER: THE MANY FALSEHOODS THAT HAVE BEEN -TOLD ABOUT IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Next in rank among the objects of luxury, we have amber;<a id="FNanchor_2953_2953"></a><a href="#Footnote_2953_2953" class="fnanchor">2953</a> -an article which, for the present, however, is in request among -women<a id="FNanchor_2954_2954"></a><a href="#Footnote_2954_2954" class="fnanchor">2954</a> only. All these three last-mentioned substances hold -the same rank, no doubt, as precious stones; the two former -for certain fair reasons; crystal, because it is adapted for -taking cool drinks, and murrhine vessels, for taking drinks that -are either hot or cold. But as for amber, luxury has not been -able, as yet, to devise any justification for the use of it. This -is a subject which affords us an excellent opportunity of exposing -some of the frivolities and falsehoods of the Greeks; -and I beg that my readers will only have patience with me -while I do so, it being really worth while, for our own practical -improvement, to become acquainted with the marvellous -stories which they have promulgated respecting amber.</p> - -<p>After Phaëthon had been struck by lightning, his sisters, they -tell us, became changed into poplars,<a id="FNanchor_2955_2955"></a><a href="#Footnote_2955_2955" class="fnanchor">2955</a> which every year shed -their tears upon the banks of the Eridanus, a river known to -us as the “Padus.” To these tears was given the name of “electrum,”<a id="FNanchor_2956_2956"></a><a href="#Footnote_2956_2956" class="fnanchor">2956</a> -from the circumstance that the Sun was usually called -“elector.” Such is the story, at all events, that is told by -many of the poets, the first of whom were, in my opinion, -Æschylus, Philoxenus, Euripides, Satyrus, and Nicander; and -the falsity of which is abundantly proved upon the testimony -of Italy itself.<a id="FNanchor_2957_2957"></a><a href="#Footnote_2957_2957" class="fnanchor">2957</a> Those among the Greeks who have -devoted more attention to the subject, have spoken of certain -islands in the Adriatic Sea, known as the “Electrides,” and -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_398">398</a></span>to which the Padus,<a id="FNanchor_2958_2958"></a><a href="#Footnote_2958_2958" class="fnanchor">2958</a> they say, carries down electrum. It is the -fact, however, that there never were any islands there so called, -nor, indeed, any islands so situate as to allow of the Padus -carrying down anything in its course to their shores. As to -Æschylus placing the Eridanus in Iberia, or, in other words, -in Spain, and giving it the name of Rhodanus; and as to -Euripides and Apollonius representing the Rhodanus and the -Padus as discharging themselves by one common mouth on -the shores of the Adriatic; we can forgive them all the more -readily for knowing nothing about amber when they betray -such monstrous ignorance of geography.</p> - -<p>Other writers, again, who are more guarded in their assertions, -have told us, though with an equal degree of untruthfulness, -that, at the extremity of the Adriatic Gulf, upon certain inaccessible -rocks there, there are certain trees<a id="FNanchor_2959_2959"></a><a href="#Footnote_2959_2959" class="fnanchor">2959</a> which shed their -gum at the rising of the Dog-Star. Theophrastus<a id="FNanchor_2960_2960"></a><a href="#Footnote_2960_2960" class="fnanchor">2960</a> has stated -that amber is extracted from the earth in Liguria;<a id="FNanchor_2961_2961"></a><a href="#Footnote_2961_2961" class="fnanchor">2961</a> Chares, -that Phaëthon died in the territory of Hammon, in Æthiopia, -where there is a temple of his and an oracle, and where amber -is produced; Philemon, that it is a fossil substance, and that -it is found in two different localities in Scythia, in one of -which it is of a white and waxen colour, and is known as -“electrum;” while in the other it is red, and is called “sualiternicum.” -Demostratus calls amber “lyncurion,”<a id="FNanchor_2962_2962"></a><a href="#Footnote_2962_2962" class="fnanchor">2962</a> and he -says that it originates in the urine of the wild beast known as -the “lynx;” that voided by the male producing a red and fiery -substance, and that by the female an amber of a white and -less pronounced colour: he also informs us that by some persons -it is called “langurium,” and that in Italy, there are -certain wild beasts known as “languri.” Zeuothemis, however, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_399">399</a></span>calls these wild beasts “langæ,” and gives the banks of -the river Padus as their locality. Sudines says, that it is a -tree in reality, that produces amber, and that, in Etruria, this -tree is known by the name of “lynx;” an opinion which is -also adopted by Metrodorus. Sotacus expresses a belief that -amber exudes from certain stones in Britannia, to which he -gives the name of “electrides.” Pytheas says that the -Gutones,<a id="FNanchor_2963_2963"></a><a href="#Footnote_2963_2963" class="fnanchor">2963</a> a people of Germany, inhabit the shores of an -estuary of the Ocean called Mentonomon, their territory extending -a distance of six thousand stadia; that, at one day’s -sail from this territory, is the Isle of Abalus, upon the shores -of which, amber is thrown up by the waves in spring, it being -an excretion of the sea in a concrete form; as, also, that the -inhabitants use this amber by way of fuel, and sell it to their -neighbours, the Teutones. Timæus, too, is of the same belief, -but he has given to the island the name of Basilia.<a id="FNanchor_2964_2964"></a><a href="#Footnote_2964_2964" class="fnanchor">2964</a></p> - -<p>Philemon says that electrum does not yield a flame.<a id="FNanchor_2965_2965"></a><a href="#Footnote_2965_2965" class="fnanchor">2965</a> Nicias, -again, will have it, that it is a liquid produced by the rays of -the sun; and that these rays, at the moment of the sun’s -setting, striking with the greatest force upon the surface of -the soil, leave upon it an unctuous sweat, which is carried off -by the tides of the Ocean, and thrown up upon the shores of -Germany. He states, also, that in Egypt it is similarly produced, -and is there called “sacal;”<a id="FNanchor_2966_2966"></a><a href="#Footnote_2966_2966" class="fnanchor">2966</a> that it is found in India, -too, where it is held as a preferable substitute for frankincense; -and that in Syria the women make the whirls of their -spindles of this substance, and give it the name of “harpax,”<a id="FNanchor_2967_2967"></a><a href="#Footnote_2967_2967" class="fnanchor">2967</a> -from the circumstance that it attracts leaves towards it, chaff, -and the light fringe of tissues. According to Theochrestus, -amber is thrown up by the tides of the Ocean, at the foot of -the Pyrenæan range; an opinion adopted also by Xenocrates. -Asarubas, who has written the most recently upon these subjects, -and is still living, informs us, that near the shores of the -Atlantic is Lake Cephisis, known to the Mauri by the name -of “Electrum;” and that when this lake is dried up by the -sun, the slime of it produces amber, which floats upon -the surface. Mnaseas speaks of a locality in Africa called -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_400">400</a></span>Sicyon, and of a river Crathis there, which discharges itself -from a lake into the Ocean, the banks of which are frequented -by birds which he calls “meleagrides”<a id="FNanchor_2968_2968"></a><a href="#Footnote_2968_2968" class="fnanchor">2968</a> and “penelopes:” it is -here that, according to him, electrum is produced, in manner -above mentioned. Theomenes says that near the Greater -Syrtis are the Gardens of the Hesperides, and Lake Electrum: -on the banks, he says, are poplars, from the summits of which -amber falls into the water below, where it is gathered by the -maidens of the Hesperides.</p> - -<p>Ctesias asserts that there is in India<a id="FNanchor_2969_2969"></a><a href="#Footnote_2969_2969" class="fnanchor">2969</a> a river called Hypobarus, -a word which signifies “bearer of all good things;” -that this river flows from the north into the Eastern Ocean, -where it discharges itself near a mountain covered with trees -which produce electrum; and that these trees are called -“siptachoræ,” the meaning of which is “intense sweetness.” -Mithridates says, that off the shores of Germany there is an -island called “Serita,”<a id="FNanchor_2970_2970"></a><a href="#Footnote_2970_2970" class="fnanchor">2970</a> covered with a kind of cedar, from -which amber falls upon the rocks. According to Xenocrates, -this substance is called, in Italy, not only “succinum,” but -“thieum” as well, the Scythian name of it, for there also it -is to be found, being “sacrium:” others, he says, are of opinion -that it is a product of Numidia. But the one that has -surpassed them all is Sophocles, the tragic poet; a thing that -indeed surprises me, when I only consider the surpassing -gravity of his lofty style, the high repute that he enjoyed in -life, his elevated position by birth at Athens, his various exploits, -and his high military command. According to him, -amber is produced in the countries beyond India, from the tears -that are shed for Meleager, by the birds called “meleagrides!”<a id="FNanchor_2971_2971"></a><a href="#Footnote_2971_2971" class="fnanchor">2971</a> -Who can be otherwise than surprised that he should have believed -such a thing as this, or have hoped to persuade others -to believe it? What child, too, could possibly be found in such -a state of ignorance as to believe that birds weep once a year, -that their tears are so prolific as this, or that they go all the -way from Greece, where Meleager died, to India to weep? -“But then,” it will be said, “do not the poets tell many other -stories that are quite as fabulous?” Such is the fact, no doubt, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_401">401</a></span>but for a person seriously to advance such an absurdity with -reference to a thing so common as amber, which is imported -every day and so easily proves the mendacity of this assertion, -is neither more nor less than to evince a supreme contempt -for the opinions of mankind, and to assert with impunity an -intolerable falsehood.</p> - -<p>(3.) There can be no doubt that amber is a product of the -islands of the Northern Ocean, and that it is the substance by -the Germans called “glæsum;”<a id="FNanchor_2972_2972"></a><a href="#Footnote_2972_2972" class="fnanchor">2972</a> for which reason the Romans, -when Germanicus Cæsar commanded the fleet in those parts, -gave to one of these islands the name of Glæsaria,<a id="FNanchor_2973_2973"></a><a href="#Footnote_2973_2973" class="fnanchor">2973</a> which by the -barbarians was known as Austeravia. Amber is produced from -a marrow discharged by trees belonging to the pine<a id="FNanchor_2974_2974"></a><a href="#Footnote_2974_2974" class="fnanchor">2974</a> genus, like -gum from the cherry, and resin from the ordinary pine. It is -a liquid at first, which issues forth in considerable quantities, -and is gradually hardened by heat or cold, or else by the action -of the sea, when the rise of the tide carries off the fragments -from the shores of these islands. At all events, it is thrown -up upon the coasts, in so light and voluble a form that in the -shallows it has all the appearance of hanging suspended in the -water. Our forefathers, too, were of opinion that it is the juice -of a tree, and for this reason gave it the name of “succinum:”<a id="FNanchor_2975_2975"></a><a href="#Footnote_2975_2975" class="fnanchor">2975</a> -and one great proof that it is the produce of a tree of the pine -genus, is the fact that it emits a pine-like smell when rubbed, -and that it burns, when ignited, with the odour and appearance -of torch-pine wood.</p> - -<p>Amber is imported by the Germans into Pannonia, more -particularly; from whence the Veneti, by the Greeks called -Eneti, first brought it into general notice, a people in the -vicinity of Pannonia, and dwelling on the shores of the -Adriatic Sea. From this it is evident how the story which -connects it with the Padus first originated; and at the present -day we see the female peasantry in the countries that lie -beyond that river wearing necklaces of amber, principally -as an ornament, no doubt, but on account of its remedial virtues -as well; for amber, it is generally believed, is good for affections -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_402">402</a></span>of the tonsillary glands and fauces, the various kinds of -water in the vicinity of the Alps being apt to produce disease -in the human throat.<a id="FNanchor_2976_2976"></a><a href="#Footnote_2976_2976" class="fnanchor">2976</a></p> - -<p>From Carnuntum in Pannonia, to the coasts of Germany -from which the amber is brought, is a distance of about six -hundred miles, a fact which has been only very recently ascertained; -and there is still living a member of the equestrian -order, who was sent thither by Julianus, the manager of the -gladiatorial exhibitions for the Emperor Nero, to procure a -supply of this article. Traversing the coasts of that country -and visiting the various markets there, he brought back amber, -in such vast quantities, as to admit of the nets, which are used -for protecting the podium<a id="FNanchor_2977_2977"></a><a href="#Footnote_2977_2977" class="fnanchor">2977</a> against the wild beasts, being -studded<a id="FNanchor_2978_2978"></a><a href="#Footnote_2978_2978" class="fnanchor">2978</a> with amber.</p> - -<p>The arms too, the litters,<a id="FNanchor_2979_2979"></a><a href="#Footnote_2979_2979" class="fnanchor">2979</a> and all the other apparatus, were, -on one day, decorated with nothing but amber, a different kind -of display being made each day that these spectacles were exhibited. -The largest piece of amber that this personage brought -to Rome was thirteen pounds in weight.</p> - -<p>That amber is found in India too, is a fact well ascertained. -Archelaüs, who reigned over Cappadocia, says that it is brought -from that country in the rough state, and with the fine bark -still adhering to it, it being the custom there to polish it by -boiling it in the grease of a sucking-pig. One great proof that -amber must have been originally in a liquid state, is the fact -that, owing to its transparency, certain objects are to be seen -within, ants for example, gnats, and lizards. These, no doubt, -must have first adhered to it while liquid, and then, upon its -hardening, have remained enclosed within.<a id="FNanchor_2980_2980"></a><a href="#Footnote_2980_2980" class="fnanchor">2980</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_12"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 12.—THE SEVERAL KINDS OF AMBER: THE REMEDIES -DERIVED FROM IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There are several kinds<a id="FNanchor_2981_2981"></a><a href="#Footnote_2981_2981" class="fnanchor">2981</a> of amber. The white is the one -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_403">403</a></span>that has the finest odour;<a id="FNanchor_2982_2982"></a><a href="#Footnote_2982_2982" class="fnanchor">2982</a> but neither this nor the wax-coloured -amber is held in very high esteem. The red amber is more -highly valued; and still more so, when it is transparent, without -presenting too brilliant and igneous an appearance. For -amber, to be of high quality, should present a brightness like -that of fire, but not flakes resembling those of flame. The -most highly esteemed amber is that known as the “Falernian,” -from its resemblance to the colour of Falernian wine; it is -perfectly transparent, and has a softened, transparent, brightness. -Other kinds, again, are valued for their mellowed tints, like the -colour of boiled honey in appearance. It ought to be known, -however, that any colour can be imparted to amber that may -be desired, it being sometimes stained with kid-suet and root -of alkanet; indeed, at the present day, amber is dyed purple -even. When a vivifying heat has been imparted to it by -rubbing it between the fingers, amber will attract chaff, dried -leaves, and thin bark, just in the same way that the magnet -attracts iron. Pieces of amber, steeped in oil, burn with a more -brilliant and more lasting flame than pith of flax.<a id="FNanchor_2983_2983"></a><a href="#Footnote_2983_2983" class="fnanchor">2983</a></p> - -<p>So highly valued is this as an object of luxury, that a very -diminutive human effigy, made of amber, has been known to sell -at a higher price than living men even, in stout and vigorous -health. This single ground for censure, however, is far from -being sufficient; in Corinthian objects of vertu, it is the copper -that recommends them, combined with silver and gold; and in -embossed works it is the skill and genius of the artist that -is so highly esteemed. We have already said what it is that -recommends vessels of murrhine and of crystal; pearls, too, are -of use for wearing upon the head, and gems upon the fingers. -In the case of all other luxuries, in fact, it is either a spirit of -ostentation or some utility that has been discovered in them -that pleads so strongly in their behalf; but in that of amber -we have solely the consciousness that we are enjoying a luxury, -and nothing more. Domitius Nero, among the other portentous -extravagances of his life, bestowed this name upon the -ringlets of his wife Poppæa, and, in certain verses of his, he has -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_404">404</a></span>even gone so far as to call them “succini.” As fine names, -too, are never wanting for bodily defects, a third tint has been -introduced of late for hair among our ladies, under the name of -“amber-colour.”</p> - -<p>Amber, however, is not without its utility in a medicinal -point of view; though it is not for this reason that the women -are so pleased with it. It is beneficial for infants also, attached -to the body in the form of an amulet; and, according to Callistratus, -it is good for any age, as a preventive of delirium and as -a cure for strangury, either taken in drink or attached as an -amulet to the body. This last author, too, has invented a new -variety of amber; giving the name of “chryselectrum”<a id="FNanchor_2984_2984"></a><a href="#Footnote_2984_2984" class="fnanchor">2984</a> to an -amber of a golden colour, and which presents the most beautiful -tints in the morning. This last kind attracts flame, too, -with the greatest rapidity, and, the moment it approaches the -fire, it ignites. “Worn upon the neck, he says, it is a cure -for fevers and other diseases, and, triturated with honey and -oil of roses, it is good for maladies of the ears. Beaten up -with Attic honey, it is good for dimness of sight: and the -powder of it, either taken by itself or with gum mastich in -water, is remedial for diseases of the stomach. Amber, too, is -greatly in request for the imitation of the transparent precious -stones, amethystos in particular: for, as already stated, it -admits of being dyed of every colour.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_13"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 13.—LYNCURUIM: TWO ASSERTED REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The pertinacity that has been displayed by certain authors -compels me to speak of lyncurium<a id="FNanchor_2985_2985"></a><a href="#Footnote_2985_2985" class="fnanchor">2985</a> next; for even those who -maintain that it is not a variety of amber, still assure us that -it is a precious stone. They assert, too, that it is a product of -the urine of the lynx and of a kind of earth, the animal -covering up the urine the moment it has voided it, from a -jealousy that man should gain possession of it; a combination -which hardens into stone. The colour of it, they inform us, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_405">405</a></span>like that of some kinds of amber, is of a fiery<a id="FNanchor_2986_2986"></a><a href="#Footnote_2986_2986" class="fnanchor">2986</a> hue, and it admits, -they say, of being engraved. They assert, too, that this -substance attracts<a id="FNanchor_2987_2987"></a><a href="#Footnote_2987_2987" class="fnanchor">2987</a> to itself not only leaves or straws, but thin -plates of copper even or of iron; a story which Theophrastus -even believes, on the faith of a certain Diocles.</p> - -<p>For my own part, I look upon the whole of these statements -as untrue, and I do not believe that in our time there -has ever been a precious stone seen with such a name as this. -I regard, too, the assertions that have been made as to its -medicinal properties, as equally false; to the effect that, taken -in drink, it disperses urinary calculi, and that, taken in wine, -or only looked at, it is curative of jaundice.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_14"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 14.—THE VARIOUS PRECIOUS STONES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING -TO THEIR PRINCIPAL COLOURS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We will now proceed to speak of the various kinds of precious -stones, the existence of which is generally admitted, -beginning with those which are the most highly esteemed. -Nor shall we content ourselves with doing this only; but, with -the view of consulting the general welfare of mankind, we -shall also refute the infamous lies that have been promulgated -by the magicians: for it is with reference to precious stones, -more particularly, that they have circulated most of their -fabulous stories, stepping, under that most alluring guise of -ascertaining remedial virtues, beyond all bounds, and entering -the region of the marvellous.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_15"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 15. (4.)—ADAMAS: SIX VARIETIES OF IT. TWO REMEDIES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The substance that possesses the greatest value, not only -among the precious stones, but of all human possessions, is -adamas;<a id="FNanchor_2988_2988"></a><a href="#Footnote_2988_2988" class="fnanchor">2988</a> mineral which, for a long time, was known to kings -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_406">406</a></span>only, and to very few of them. Such was the name given to -a nodosity of gold,<a id="FNanchor_2989_2989"></a><a href="#Footnote_2989_2989" class="fnanchor">2989</a> sometimes, though but rarely, found in the -mines, in close proximity with gold, and only there to be -found, it was thought. The ancients supposed that adamas -was only to be discovered in the mines of Æthiopia,<a id="FNanchor_2990_2990"></a><a href="#Footnote_2990_2990" class="fnanchor">2990</a> between -the Temple of Mercury and the island of Meroë; and they -have informed us that it was never larger than a cucumber-seed, -or differing at all from it in colour.</p> - -<p>At the present day, for the first time, there are no less than -six different varieties of it recognized. The Indian adamas is -found, not in a stratum of gold, but in a substance of a -kindred nature to crystal; which it closely resembles in its -transparency and its highly polished hexangular and hexahedral<a id="FNanchor_2991_2991"></a><a href="#Footnote_2991_2991" class="fnanchor">2991</a> -form. In shape it is turbinated, running to a point at -either extremity, and closely resembling, marvellous to think -of, two cones united at the base. In size, too, it is as large -even as a hazel-nut. Resembling that of India, is the adamas<a id="FNanchor_2992_2992"></a><a href="#Footnote_2992_2992" class="fnanchor">2992</a> -of Arabia, which is found in a similar bed, but not so large in -size. Other varieties have a pallid hue like that of silver, -and are only to be found in the midst of gold of the very -finest quality. These stones are tested upon the anvil, and -will resist the blow to such an extent, as to make the iron rebound -and the very anvil split asunder.<a id="FNanchor_2993_2993"></a><a href="#Footnote_2993_2993" class="fnanchor">2993</a> Indeed its hardness -is beyond all expression, while at the same time it quite sets -fire at defiance<a id="FNanchor_2994_2994"></a><a href="#Footnote_2994_2994" class="fnanchor">2994</a> and is incapable of being heated; owing to -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_407">407</a></span>which indomitable powers it is, that it has received the name -which it derives from the Greek.<a id="FNanchor_2995_2995"></a><a href="#Footnote_2995_2995" class="fnanchor">2995</a></p> - -<p>One kind, about as large as a grain of millet in size, has been -called “cenchros,”<a id="FNanchor_2996_2996"></a><a href="#Footnote_2996_2996" class="fnanchor">2996</a> and another,<a id="FNanchor_2997_2997"></a><a href="#Footnote_2997_2997" class="fnanchor">2997</a> that is found in the gold -mines at Philippi, is known as the “Macedonian” adamas: -this last is about as large as a cucumber-seed in size. We next -come to the Cyprian<a id="FNanchor_2998_2998"></a><a href="#Footnote_2998_2998" class="fnanchor">2998</a> adamas, so called from its being found -in the Isle of Cyprus: it is of a colour somewhat inclining to -that of copper, but, in reference to its medicinal virtues, of -which we shall have to make further mention, it is the most -efficacious of them all. Next in succession to this we have -siderites,<a id="FNanchor_2999_2999"></a><a href="#Footnote_2999_2999" class="fnanchor">2999</a> a stone which shines like iron, and is more ponderous -than any of the others, but differs in its properties from them -all. For it breaks when struck by the hammer, and admits of -being perforated by other kinds of adamas; a thing which is -the case, also, with that of Cyprus: in short, these two are -degenerate stones, and only bear the name of “adamas” for -the purpose of enhancing their value.</p> - -<p>Now with reference to those affinities and repugnances which -exist between certain objects, known to the Greeks as “sympathia” -and “antipathia,” phænomena to which we have endeavoured<a id="FNanchor_3000_3000"></a><a href="#Footnote_3000_3000" class="fnanchor">3000</a> -to draw attention throughout these books, they nowhere -manifest themselves with greater distinctness than here. -This indomitable power, in fact, which sets at nought the -two most violent agents in Nature, fire, namely, and iron, is -made to yield before the blood of a he-goat.<a id="FNanchor_3001_3001"></a><a href="#Footnote_3001_3001" class="fnanchor">3001</a> The blood, -however must be no otherwise than fresh and warm; the stone, -too, must be well steeped in it, and then subjected to repeated -blows: and even then, it is apt to break both anvils and hammers -of iron, if they are not of the very finest temper. To -what spirit of research, or to what accident, are we indebted for -this discovery? or what conjecture can it have been, that first -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_408">408</a></span>led man to experiment upon a thing of such extraordinary -value as this, and that, too, with the most unclean<a id="FNanchor_3002_3002"></a><a href="#Footnote_3002_3002" class="fnanchor">3002</a> of all -animals? Surely a discovery, such as this, must have been due -solely to the munificence of the gods, and we must look for -the reason of it in none of the elementary operations of -Nature, but wholly in her will.</p> - -<p>When, by good fortune, this stone does happen to be broken, -it divides into fragments so minute as to be almost imperceptible. -These particles are held in great request by engravers, -who enclose them in iron, and are enabled thereby, with the -greatest facility, to cut<a id="FNanchor_3003_3003"></a><a href="#Footnote_3003_3003" class="fnanchor">3003</a> the very hardest substances known. -So great is the antipathy borne by this stone to the magnet, -that when placed near, it will not allow of its attracting -iron; or if the magnet has already attracted the iron, it will -seize the metal and drag it away from the other.<a id="FNanchor_3004_3004"></a><a href="#Footnote_3004_3004" class="fnanchor">3004</a> Adamas, -too, overcomes and neutralizes poisons, dispels delirium, and -banishes groundless perturbations of the mind; hence it is -that some have given it the name of “ananchites.”<a id="FNanchor_3005_3005"></a><a href="#Footnote_3005_3005" class="fnanchor">3005</a> Metrodorus -of Scepsis is the only author, that I know of, who says -that this stone is found also in Germany, and in the island of -Basilia,<a id="FNanchor_3006_3006"></a><a href="#Footnote_3006_3006" class="fnanchor">3006</a> where amber is found. He says, too, that this is preferable -to the stone of Arabia; but can there be any doubt -that his statement is incorrect?</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_16"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 16.—-SMARAGDUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Next<a id="FNanchor_3007_3007"></a><a href="#Footnote_3007_3007" class="fnanchor">3007</a> in esteem with us are the pearls of India and Arabia, -of which we have already spoken in the Ninth Book,<a id="FNanchor_3008_3008"></a><a href="#Footnote_3008_3008" class="fnanchor">3008</a> when -treating of the marine productions.</p> - -<p>(5.) The third rank, for many reasons, has been given to -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_409">409</a></span>the smaragdus.<a id="FNanchor_3009_3009"></a><a href="#Footnote_3009_3009" class="fnanchor">3009</a> Indeed there is no stone, the colour of which -is more delightful to the eye; for whereas the sight fixes itself -with avidity upon the green<a id="FNanchor_3010_3010"></a><a href="#Footnote_3010_3010" class="fnanchor">3010</a> grass and the foliage of the trees, -we have all the more pleasure in looking upon the smaragdus, -there being no green in existence of a more intense colour<a id="FNanchor_3011_3011"></a><a href="#Footnote_3011_3011" class="fnanchor">3011</a> -than this. And then, besides, of all the precious stones, this is -the only one that feeds the sight without satiating it. Even -when the vision has been fatigued with intently viewing other -objects, it is refreshed by being turned upon this stone; and -lapidaries know of nothing that is more gratefully soothing to -the eyes, its soft green tints being wonderfully adapted for -assuaging lassitude, when felt in those organs.</p> - -<p>And then, besides, when viewed from a distance, these stones -appear all the larger to the sight, reflecting as they do, their -green hues upon the circumambient air. Neither sunshine, -shade, nor artificial light effects any change in their appearance; -they have always a softened and graduated brilliancy; and -transmitting the light with facility, they allow the vision to -penetrate their interior; a property which is so pleasing, also, -with reference to water. In form they are mostly concave, so -as to re-unite the rays of light and the powers of vision: -and hence it is, that it is so universally agreed upon among -mankind to respect these stones, and to forbid their surface<a id="FNanchor_3012_3012"></a><a href="#Footnote_3012_3012" class="fnanchor">3012</a> -to be engraved. In the case, however, of the stones of Scythia -and Egypt, their hardness is such, that it would be quite impossible -to penetrate them. When the surface of the smaragdus -is flat, it reflects the image of objects in the same manner as -a mirror. The Emperor Nero used to view<a id="FNanchor_3013_3013"></a><a href="#Footnote_3013_3013" class="fnanchor">3013</a> the combats of -the gladiators upon a smaragdus.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_410">410</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_17"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 17.—TWELVE VARIETIES OF THE SMARAGDUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Of this stone there are no less than twelve different kinds; -of which the finest is the Scythian<a id="FNanchor_3014_3014"></a><a href="#Footnote_3014_3014" class="fnanchor">3014</a> smaragdus, so called from -the country where it is found. None of them has a deeper -colour than this, or is more free from defects: indeed, in the -same degree that the smaragdus is superior to other precious -stones, the Scythian smaragdus is superior to the other varieties. -Next in esteem to this, as also in locality, is the smaragdus -of Bactriana.<a id="FNanchor_3015_3015"></a><a href="#Footnote_3015_3015" class="fnanchor">3015</a> These stones are collected, it is said, in the -fissures of rocks, when the Etesian<a id="FNanchor_3016_3016"></a><a href="#Footnote_3016_3016" class="fnanchor">3016</a> winds prevail; a period -at which the earth that covers them is removed, and the stones -are detected by their brightness, the sands being greatly agitated -by the action of the winds. These last, however, are -much inferior, they say, to those of Scythia in size. The third -rank is held by the stones of Egypt,<a id="FNanchor_3017_3017"></a><a href="#Footnote_3017_3017" class="fnanchor">3017</a> which are extracted from -the hills in the vicinity of Coptos, a city of Thebais.</p> - -<p>All the other kinds are found in copper-mines, and hence it -is that, of these varieties, the smaragdus of Cyprus holds the -highest rank. The merit of them consists in their clear colour, -which has nothing thin or diluted in it, but presents a rich -and humid transparency, closely resembling the tints of the -sea, in fact. Hence it is that these stones are at once diaphanous -and shining, or, in other words, reflect their colours and -allow the vision to penetrate within. They say that in this -island, upon the tomb of a petty king named Hermias, near -the fisheries<a id="FNanchor_3018_3018"></a><a href="#Footnote_3018_3018" class="fnanchor">3018</a> there, there was formerly a lion in marble, with -eyes made of smaragdi; the brilliancy of which penetrated -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_411">411</a></span>the sea to such a degree, as to alarm the tunnies and put them -to flight: a novel circumstance, which for a long time excited -wonder in the fishermen, till at last the stones in the statue -were changed for others.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_18"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 18.—DEFECTS IN THE SMARAGDUS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>It will be only proper, too, seeing that the prices of these -stones are so exorbitant, to point out their defects. Some -defects, no doubt, are common to all of them, while others, -again, like those found in the human race, are peculiar only -to those of a certain country. Thus, for example, the stones -of Cyprus are not all green alike, and in the same smaragdus -some parts are more or less so than others, the stone not always -preserving that uniform deep tint which characterizes the smaragdus -of Scythia. In other instances, a shadow runs through -the stone, and the colour becomes dulled thereby; the consequence -of which is, that its value is depreciated; and even -more so, when the colour is thin and diluted.</p> - -<p>In consequence of the defects<a id="FNanchor_3019_3019"></a><a href="#Footnote_3019_3019" class="fnanchor">3019</a> in these stones, they have -been divided into several classes. Some of them are obscure, -and are then known as “blind” stones; some have a certain -density, which impairs their transparency; others, again, are -mottled, and others covered with a cloud. This cloud, however, -is altogether different from the shadow above mentioned; -for it is a defect which renders the stone of a whitish hue, and -not of a transparent green throughout; presenting, as it does, in -the interior or upon the surface, a certain degree of whiteness -which arrests the vision. Other defects, again, in these stones, -are filaments, salt-like<a id="FNanchor_3020_3020"></a><a href="#Footnote_3020_3020" class="fnanchor">3020</a> grains, or traces of lead ore, faults -which are mostly common to them all.</p> - -<p>Next after the kinds above described, the smaragdus of -Æthiopia is held in high esteem; being found, as Juba tells -us, at a distance of twenty-five days’ journey from Coptos. -These are of a bright green, but are seldom to be met with perfectly -clear or of an uniform colour. Democritus includes in -this class the stones that are known as “herminei,” and as -“Persian” stones; the former of which are of a convex, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_412">412</a></span>massive shape, while the latter are destitute of transparency, -but have an agreeable, uniform colour, and satisfy the vision -without allowing it to penetrate them; strongly resembling, in -this respect, the eyes of cats and of panthers, which are radiant -without being diaphanous. In the sun, he says, they lose their -brilliancy, but they are radiant in the shade, the brightness of -them being seen at a greater distance than in the case of other -stones. One other fault, too, in all these stones is, that they -often have a colour like that of honey or rancid oil, or else -are clear and transparent, but not green.</p> - -<p>These defects exist in the smaragdi of Attica,<a id="FNanchor_3021_3021"></a><a href="#Footnote_3021_3021" class="fnanchor">3021</a> more particularly, -which are found in the silver-mines there, at a place -known by the name of Thoricos.<a id="FNanchor_3022_3022"></a><a href="#Footnote_3022_3022" class="fnanchor">3022</a> These last are never so -massive as the others, and are always more pleasing to the -sight when viewed from a distance: lead ore, too, is often to -be detected in them, or, in other words, they have a leaden -appearance when looked at in the sun.<a id="FNanchor_3023_3023"></a><a href="#Footnote_3023_3023" class="fnanchor">3023</a> One peculiarity in -them is, that some of them become impaired by age, gradually -lose their green colour, and are even deteriorated by exposure -to the sun. Next to the stones of Attica come those of -Media, a variety which presents the most numerous tints of all, -and sometimes approaches sapphiros<a id="FNanchor_3024_3024"></a><a href="#Footnote_3024_3024" class="fnanchor">3024</a> in colour. These stones -are wavy,<a id="FNanchor_3025_3025"></a><a href="#Footnote_3025_3025" class="fnanchor">3025</a> and represent various natural objects, such as -poppy-heads, for example, birds, the young of animals, and -feathers: all of them appear naturally of a green colour, but -become improved by the application of oil. No stones of this -species are of a larger size than these.</p> - -<p>I am not aware that any of these stones<a id="FNanchor_3026_3026"></a><a href="#Footnote_3026_3026" class="fnanchor">3026</a> are still in existence -at Chalcedon, the copper mines of that locality being now -exhausted: but be this as it may, they were always the smallest -in size and the most inferior in value. Brittle, and of a colour -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_413">413</a></span>far from distinctly pronounced, they resembled in their tints -the feathers that are seen in the tail of the peacock or on the -necks of pigeons.<a id="FNanchor_3027_3027"></a><a href="#Footnote_3027_3027" class="fnanchor">3027</a> More or less brilliant, too, according to the -angle at which they were viewed, they presented an appearance -like that of veins and scales. There was another defect, also, -peculiar to these stones, known as “sarcion,” from the circumstance -that a kind of flesh<a id="FNanchor_3028_3028"></a><a href="#Footnote_3028_3028" class="fnanchor">3028</a> appeared to attach itself to the -stone. The mountain near Chalcedon, where these stones were -gathered, is still known by the name of “Smaragdites.” Juba -informs us that a kind of smaragdus, known as “cloras,”<a id="FNanchor_3029_3029"></a><a href="#Footnote_3029_3029" class="fnanchor">3029</a> is -used in Arabia as an ornament for buildings, as also the stone -which by the people of Egypt is called “alabastrites.” On the -same authority, too, we learn that there are several varieties -of the smaragdus in the neighbouring mountains, and that -stones like those of Media are found in Mount Taygetus,<a id="FNanchor_3030_3030"></a><a href="#Footnote_3030_3030" class="fnanchor">3030</a> as -also in Sicily.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_19"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 19.—THE PRECIOUS STONE CALLED TANOS. CHALCOSMARAGDOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Among the smaragdi is also included the precious stone -known as “tanos.”<a id="FNanchor_3031_3031"></a><a href="#Footnote_3031_3031" class="fnanchor">3031</a> It comes from Persia, and is of an -unsightly green, and of a soiled colour within. There is the -chalcosmaragdos<a id="FNanchor_3032_3032"></a><a href="#Footnote_3032_3032" class="fnanchor">3032</a> also, a native of Cyprus, the face of which is -mottled with coppery veins. Theophrastus relates that he -had found it stated in the Egyptian histories, that a king of -Babylon once sent to the king of Egypt a smaragdus<a id="FNanchor_3033_3033"></a><a href="#Footnote_3033_3033" class="fnanchor">3033</a> four -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_414">414</a></span>cubits in length by three in breadth. He informs us, also, that -in a temple of Jupiter in Egypt there was an obelisk made of -four smaragdi, forty cubits in length, and four in breadth at -one extremity, and two at the other. He says, too, that at -the period at which he wrote, there was in the Temple of Hercules -at Tyrus a large column made of a single smaragdus;<a id="FNanchor_3034_3034"></a><a href="#Footnote_3034_3034" class="fnanchor">3034</a> -though very possibly it might only be pseudo-smaragdus, a -kind of stone not uncommonly found in Cyprus, where a block -had been discovered, composed, one half of smaragdus, and -one half of jasper,<a id="FNanchor_3035_3035"></a><a href="#Footnote_3035_3035" class="fnanchor">3035</a> and the liquid in which had not as yet -been entirely transformed. Apion, surnamed “Plistonices,”<a id="FNanchor_3036_3036"></a><a href="#Footnote_3036_3036" class="fnanchor">3036</a> -has left a very recent statement, that there was still in existence, -in his time, in the Labyrinth of Egypt, a colossal statue -of Serapis made of a single smaragdus, nine cubits in height.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_20"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 20.—BERYLS: EIGHT VARIETIES OF THEM. DEFECTS IN -BERYLS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Beryls, it is thought, are of the same<a id="FNanchor_3037_3037"></a><a href="#Footnote_3037_3037" class="fnanchor">3037</a> nature as the smaragdus, -or at least closely analogous. India<a id="FNanchor_3038_3038"></a><a href="#Footnote_3038_3038" class="fnanchor">3038</a> produces them, and -they are rarely to be found elsewhere. The lapidaries cut all -beryls of an hexagonal<a id="FNanchor_3039_3039"></a><a href="#Footnote_3039_3039" class="fnanchor">3039</a> form; because the colour, which is -deadened by a dull uniformity of surface, is heightened by the -reflection resulting from the angles. If they are cut in any -other way, these stones have no brilliancy whatever. The most -esteemed beryls are those which in colour resemble the pure -green of the sea;<a id="FNanchor_3040_3040"></a><a href="#Footnote_3040_3040" class="fnanchor">3040</a> the chrysoberyl<a id="FNanchor_3041_3041"></a><a href="#Footnote_3041_3041" class="fnanchor">3041</a> being next in value, a stone -of a somewhat paler colour, but approaching a golden tint. -Closely allied to this last in its brilliancy, but of a more pallid -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_415">415</a></span>colour, and thought by some to constitute a separate genus, is -chrysoprasus.<a id="FNanchor_3042_3042"></a><a href="#Footnote_3042_3042" class="fnanchor">3042</a> In the fourth rank are reckoned the hyacinthine -beryls; and in the fifth, those known as “aëroides.”<a id="FNanchor_3043_3043"></a><a href="#Footnote_3043_3043" class="fnanchor">3043</a> -Next, we have the wax-coloured beryls, and, after them, the -oleaginous beryls, so called from the resemblance of their colour -to that of oil. Last of all, there are the stones which closely -resemble crystal in appearance; mostly disfigured by spots and -filaments, and of a poor, faint, colour as well; all of them so -many imperfections in the stone.</p> - -<p>The people of India are marvellously fond of beryls of an -elongated<a id="FNanchor_3044_3044"></a><a href="#Footnote_3044_3044" class="fnanchor">3044</a> form, and say that these are the only precious stones -they prefer wearing without the addition of gold: hence it is -that, after piercing them, they string them upon the bristles of -the elephant. It is generally agreed, however, that those -stones should not be perforated which are of the finest quality; -and in this case they only enclose the extremities of them in -studs of gold. They prefer, too, cutting the beryls in a cylindrical -form, instead of setting them as precious stones; an elongated -shape being the one that is most highly esteemed. Some -are of opinion that beryls are naturally angular,<a id="FNanchor_3045_3045"></a><a href="#Footnote_3045_3045" class="fnanchor">3045</a> and that -when pierced they become improved in colour; the white substance -being thus removed that lies within, and their brilliancy -heightened by the reflection of the gold in which they are set; -or, at all events, their transparency being increased by this -diminution in their thickness. In addition to the defects -already<a id="FNanchor_3046_3046"></a><a href="#Footnote_3046_3046" class="fnanchor">3046</a> mentioned, and which are pretty nearly the same as -those to which the smaragdus is subject, beryls are affected with -cloudy spots,<a id="FNanchor_3047_3047"></a><a href="#Footnote_3047_3047" class="fnanchor">3047</a> like those on the finger-nails in appearance. In -our own part of the world, it is thought that they are sometimes -found in the countries that lie in the vicinity of Pontus.<a id="FNanchor_3048_3048"></a><a href="#Footnote_3048_3048" class="fnanchor">3048</a> The -people of India, by colouring crystal, have found a method of -imitating various precious stones, beryls in particular.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_21"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 21. (6.)—OPALS: SEVEN VARIETIES OF THEM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Opals<a id="FNanchor_3049_3049"></a><a href="#Footnote_3049_3049" class="fnanchor">3049</a> are at once very similar to, and very different from, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_416">416</a></span>beryls, and only yield to the smaragdus in value. India, too, -is the sole<a id="FNanchor_3050_3050"></a><a href="#Footnote_3050_3050" class="fnanchor">3050</a> parent of these precious stones, thus completing -her glory as being the great producer of the most costly gems. -Of all precious stones, it is opal that presents the greatest difficulties -of description, it displaying at once the piercing fire -of carbunculus,<a id="FNanchor_3051_3051"></a><a href="#Footnote_3051_3051" class="fnanchor">3051</a> the purple brilliancy of amethystos, and the -sea-green of smaragdus, the whole blended together and refulgent -with a brightness that is quite incredible. Some authors -have compared the effect of its refulgence to that of the colour -known as Armenian<a id="FNanchor_3052_3052"></a><a href="#Footnote_3052_3052" class="fnanchor">3052</a> pigment, while others speak of it as resembling -the flame of burning sulphur, or of flame fed with -oil. In size, the opal is about as large as a hazel-nut,<a id="FNanchor_3053_3053"></a><a href="#Footnote_3053_3053" class="fnanchor">3053</a> and, -with reference to it, there is a remarkable historical anecdote -related. For there is still in existence a stone of this class, on -account of which Antonius proscribed the senator Nonius, son -of the Nonius Struma, whom the poet Catullus<a id="FNanchor_3054_3054"></a><a href="#Footnote_3054_3054" class="fnanchor">3054</a> was so displeased -at seeing in the curule chair, and grandfather of the -Servilius Nonianus, who in our own times was consul.<a id="FNanchor_3055_3055"></a><a href="#Footnote_3055_3055" class="fnanchor">3055</a> On -being thus proscribed, Nonius took to flight, carrying with -him, out of all his wealth, nothing but this ring, the value of -which, it is well known, was estimated at two millions of sesterces. -How marvellous must have been the cruelty, how marvellous -the luxurious passion of Antonius, thus to proscribe a -man for the possession of a jewel! and no less marvellous must -have been the obstinacy of Nonius, who could thus dote upon -what had been the cause of his proscription; for we see the -very brutes even tear off the portion of their body for the sake -of which they know their existence to be imperilled,<a id="FNanchor_3056_3056"></a><a href="#Footnote_3056_3056" class="fnanchor">3056</a> and so -redeem themselves by parting with it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_22"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 22.—DEFECTS IN OPALS: THE MODES OF TESTING THEM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Defects in opal are, a colour inclining to that of the flower -called heliotropium,<a id="FNanchor_3057_3057"></a><a href="#Footnote_3057_3057" class="fnanchor">3057</a> or to that of crystal or of hailstones; salt-like -grains intervening; roughness on the surface; or sharp -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_417">417</a></span>points, presenting themselves to the eye. There is no stone -that is imitated by fraudulent dealers with more exactness than -this, in glass, the only mode of detecting the imposition being -by the light of the sun. For when a false<a id="FNanchor_3058_3058"></a><a href="#Footnote_3058_3058" class="fnanchor">3058</a> opal is held between -the finger and thumb, and exposed to the rays of that luminary, -it presents but one and the same transparent colour throughout, -limited to the body of the stone: whereas the genuine opal -offers various refulgent tints in succession, and reflects now -one hue and now another, as it sheds its luminous brilliancy -upon the fingers.</p> - -<p>This stone, in consequence of its extraordinary beauty, has -been called “pæderos”<a id="FNanchor_3059_3059"></a><a href="#Footnote_3059_3059" class="fnanchor">3059</a> by many authors; and some who make -a distinct species of it, say that it is the same as the stone that in -India is called “sangenon.” These last-mentioned stones, it -is said, are found in Egypt also, Arabia, and, of very inferior -quality, in Pontus. Galatia, too, is said to produce them, as -also Thasos and Cyprus. The finest in quality of them have -all the beauty of opal, but they are of a softer brilliancy, and -are mostly rough on the surface. Their colour is a mixture of -sky-blue and purple, and the green hues of the smaragdus are -wanting: those, too, are preferred, which have their brilliancy -deepened by a vinous hue, rather than those which have their -colours diluted, as it were, with water.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_23"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 23.—SARDONYX; THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT. DEFECTS -IN THE SARDONYX.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Thus far we have spoken in reference to the stones, which, -it is generally agreed, belong to the highest rank; in obedience, -more particularly, to a decree<a id="FNanchor_3060_3060"></a><a href="#Footnote_3060_3060" class="fnanchor">3060</a> that has been passed by the -ladies to that effect. There is less certainty with respect to -those upon which the men as well have been left to form a -judgment; seeing that the value of each stone depends more -particularly upon the caprice of the individual and the rivalry -that exists in reference thereto; as, for example, when Claudius -Cæsar was so much in the habit of wearing the smaragdus and -the sardonyx.<a id="FNanchor_3061_3061"></a><a href="#Footnote_3061_3061" class="fnanchor">3061</a> The first Roman who wore a sardonyx, according -to Demostratus, was the elder Africanus, since whose -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_418">418</a></span>time this stone has been held in very high esteem at Rome: for -which reason, we shall give it the next place after the opal. -By sardonyx, as the name<a id="FNanchor_3062_3062"></a><a href="#Footnote_3062_3062" class="fnanchor">3062</a> itself indicates, was formerly understood -a sarda with a white ground beneath it, like the flesh -beneath the human finger-nail; both parts of the stone being -equally transparent. Such, according to Ismenias, Demostratus, -Zenothemis, and Sotacus, is the sardonyx of India; the last -two giving the name of “blind” sardonyx to all the other -stones of this class which are not transparent, and which have -now entirely appropriated the name to themselves. For, at -the present day, the Arabian sardonyx presents no traces whatever -of the Indian sarda,<a id="FNanchor_3063_3063"></a><a href="#Footnote_3063_3063" class="fnanchor">3063</a> it being a stone that has been found -to be characterized by several different colours of late; black -or azure for the base, and vermilion, surrounded with a line of -rich white, for the upper part, not without a certain glimpse<a id="FNanchor_3064_3064"></a><a href="#Footnote_3064_3064" class="fnanchor">3064</a> -of purple as the white passes into the red.<a id="FNanchor_3065_3065"></a><a href="#Footnote_3065_3065" class="fnanchor">3065</a></p> - -<p>We learn from Zenothemis that in his time these stones -were not held by the people of India in any high esteem, although -they are found there of so large a size as to admit of -the hilts of swords being made of them. It is well known, too, -that in that country they are exposed to view by the mountain-streams, -and that in our part of the world they were formerly -valued from the fact that they are nearly the only ones<a id="FNanchor_3066_3066"></a><a href="#Footnote_3066_3066" class="fnanchor">3066</a> among -the engraved precious stones that do not bring away the wax -when an impression is made. The consequence is, that our -example has at last taught the people of India to set a value -upon them, and the lower classes there now pierce them even, -to wear them as ornaments for the neck; the great proof, in -fact, at the present day, of a sardonyx being of Indian origin. -Those of Arabia are remarkable for their marginal line of -brilliant white, of considerable breadth, and not glistening in -hollow fissures in the stone or upon the sides, but shining upon -the very surface, at the margin, and supported by a ground -intensely black beneath. In the stones of India, this ground -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_419">419</a></span>is like wax in colour,<a id="FNanchor_3067_3067"></a><a href="#Footnote_3067_3067" class="fnanchor">3067</a> or else like cornel, with a circle also of -white around it. In some of these stones, too, there is a play -of colours like those of the rainbow, while the surface is redder -even than the shell of the sea-locust.<a id="FNanchor_3068_3068"></a><a href="#Footnote_3068_3068" class="fnanchor">3068</a></p> - -<p>Those stones which are like honey in appearance, or of a -fæculent<a id="FNanchor_3069_3069"></a><a href="#Footnote_3069_3069" class="fnanchor">3069</a> colour—such being the name given to one defect in -them—are generally disapproved of. They are rejected also -when the white zone blends itself with the other colours, and -its limits are not definitely marked; or if, in like manner, it is -irregularly intersected by any other colour; it being looked -upon as an imperfection if the regularity of any one of the -colours is interrupted by the interposition of another. The -sardonyx of Armenia is held in some esteem, but the zone -round it is of a pallid hue.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_24"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 24.—ONYX: THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We must give some account also of onyx,<a id="FNanchor_3070_3070"></a><a href="#Footnote_3070_3070" class="fnanchor">3070</a> because of -the name which it partly shares in common with sardonyx. -This name, though in some places<a id="FNanchor_3071_3071"></a><a href="#Footnote_3071_3071" class="fnanchor">3071</a> given to a marble, is -here used to signify a precious stone. Sudines says, that in this -stone there is a white portion which resembles the white of -the human-finger nail, in addition to the colours of chrysolithos, -sarda, and iaspis. According to Zenothemis, there are numerous -varieties of the Indian onyx, the fiery-coloured, the black, and -the cornel, with white veins encircling them, like an eye as it -were, and in some cases running across them obliquely.<a id="FNanchor_3072_3072"></a><a href="#Footnote_3072_3072" class="fnanchor">3072</a> -Sotacus mentions an Arabian onyx, which differs from the rest; -that of India, according to him, presenting small flames,<a id="FNanchor_3073_3073"></a><a href="#Footnote_3073_3073" class="fnanchor">3073</a> each -surrounded by one or more white zones; in a manner altogether -different from the Indian sardonyx, which presents a series of -white specks, while in this case it is one continuous circle. -The Arabian onyx, on the other hand, is black, he says, with a -white zone encircling it.</p> - -<p>Satyrus says, that there is an onyx in India of a flesh -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_420">420</a></span>colour,<a id="FNanchor_3074_3074"></a><a href="#Footnote_3074_3074" class="fnanchor">3074</a> partly resembling carbunculus, and partly chrysolithos -and amethystos; a variety, however, which he altogether -disapproves of. The real onyx, according to him, has numerous -veins of variegated colours, interspersed with others of a milk-white -hue; the shades of which, as they pass into one another, -produce a tint which surpasses all description, and blends itself -into one harmonious whole, of a most beautiful appearance.</p> - -<p>Not unlike sardonyx, too, is sarda,<a id="FNanchor_3075_3075"></a><a href="#Footnote_3075_3075" class="fnanchor">3075</a> a stone which also has, -in part, a kindred name with it; but before passing on to it, -we must first take some notice of all those precious stones which -have a brilliancy like that of flame.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_25"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 25. (7.)—CARBUNCULUS: TWELVE VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>In the first rank among these is carbunculus,<a id="FNanchor_3076_3076"></a><a href="#Footnote_3076_3076" class="fnanchor">3076</a> so called from -its resemblance to fire; though in reality it is proof against the -action of that element:<a id="FNanchor_3077_3077"></a><a href="#Footnote_3077_3077" class="fnanchor">3077</a> hence it is that some persons call -these stones “acaustoi.”<a id="FNanchor_3078_3078"></a><a href="#Footnote_3078_3078" class="fnanchor">3078</a> There are various kinds of carbunculus, -the Indian and the Garamantic, for example, which last -has been also called the Carchedonian,<a id="FNanchor_3079_3079"></a><a href="#Footnote_3079_3079" class="fnanchor">3079</a> in compliment to the -former opulence of Great Carthage.<a id="FNanchor_3080_3080"></a><a href="#Footnote_3080_3080" class="fnanchor">3080</a> To these are added the -Æthiopian and the Alabandic stones, the latter of which are -found at Orthosia<a id="FNanchor_3081_3081"></a><a href="#Footnote_3081_3081" class="fnanchor">3081</a> in Caria, but are cut and polished at Alabanda.<a id="FNanchor_3082_3082"></a><a href="#Footnote_3082_3082" class="fnanchor">3082</a> -In addition to this, each kind is subdivided into the -male carbunculus and the female, the former of which is of a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_421">421</a></span>more striking brilliancy, the brightness of the latter being not -so strong. In the male varieties too, we see some in which -the fire is clearer than in others; while some, again, are of a -darker<a id="FNanchor_3083_3083"></a><a href="#Footnote_3083_3083" class="fnanchor">3083</a> hue, or else have their brilliancy more deeply seated, -and shine with a more powerful lustre than others when viewed -in the sun.</p> - -<p>The most highly esteemed, however, is the amethyst-coloured<a id="FNanchor_3084_3084"></a><a href="#Footnote_3084_3084" class="fnanchor">3084</a> -stone, the fire at the extremity of which closely -approaches the violet tint of amethystos: next in value to -which, are the stones known as “syrtites,” radiant with a -wavy, feathery,<a id="FNanchor_3085_3085"></a><a href="#Footnote_3085_3085" class="fnanchor">3085</a> refulgence. They are found more particularly, -it is said, where the reflection is most powerful of the -rays of the sun. Satyrus says that the carbunculus<a id="FNanchor_3086_3086"></a><a href="#Footnote_3086_3086" class="fnanchor">3086</a> of India -has no lustre, that it is mostly soiled, and that in all cases its -brilliancy is of a tawny complexion. The Æthiopian stones, -he says, are dense, emit no lustre, and burn with a concentrated -flame. According to Callistratus, the refulgence of this stone -should be of a whitish hue, and, when placed upon a table, it -should heighten by its lustre other stones placed near it that -are clouded at the edge. Hence it is, that many writers speak -of this stone as the white carbunculus, while the Indian stone, -with its comparatively feeble lustre, is known by the name of -“lignyzon.”<a id="FNanchor_3087_3087"></a><a href="#Footnote_3087_3087" class="fnanchor">3087</a> The Carchedonian stones, they say, are of much -smaller size than the others; but those of India admit of being -hollowed out, and making vessels that will hold as much as -one sextarius<a id="FNanchor_3088_3088"></a><a href="#Footnote_3088_3088" class="fnanchor">3088</a> even.</p> - -<p>According to Archelaüs, the Carchedonian carbunculus is of -a more swarthy appearance than the others, but, when exposed -to the light of the fire or sun, and viewed obliquely, the brilliancy -of it is much more intense than that of the rest. He says, -too, that this stone, when overshadowed by a roof, has a purple -tint; that when viewed in the open air, it is of a flame colour; -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_422">422</a></span>and that, when exposed to the rays of the sun, it scintillates. -He states also that wax, if sealed with these stones, in the -shade even, will melt. Many authors have asserted that the -Indian stones are paler than the Carchedonian, and that, quite -the converse of these last, they are all the less brilliant when -viewed obliquely; as also, that in the male Carchedonian stone -there are luminous points like stars within, while, in the case -of the female stone, the whole of its refulgence is thrown beyond -it. The stones of Alabanda too, it is said, are darker than -the other kinds, and rough on the surface. In the vicinity -also of Miletus, there are stones of this description found in the -earth, resembling those of Alabanda in colour, and proof against -the action of fire.</p> - -<p>According to Theophrastus,<a id="FNanchor_3089_3089"></a><a href="#Footnote_3089_3089" class="fnanchor">3089</a> these stones are to be found also -at Orchomenus in Arcadia and in the Isle of Chios;<a id="FNanchor_3090_3090"></a><a href="#Footnote_3090_3090" class="fnanchor">3090</a> the former<a id="FNanchor_3091_3091"></a><a href="#Footnote_3091_3091" class="fnanchor">3091</a> -of which are of a darker hue, and are used for making mirrors. -He says too, that at Trœzen they are found of various colours -and mottled with white spots, those found at Corinth being -of a more pallid, whitish, hue. He states also, that they are -sometimes imported from Massilia. Bocchus informs us in his -writings, that these stones are extracted from the ground at -Olisipo;<a id="FNanchor_3092_3092"></a><a href="#Footnote_3092_3092" class="fnanchor">3092</a> at the cost of great labour, however, in consequence -of the parched, argillaceous, nature of the soil.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_26"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 26.—DEFECTS IN CARBUNCULUS, AND THE MODE OF -TESTING IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Nothing is more difficult than to distinguish the several -varieties of this stone, so great an opportunity do they afford -to artistic skill of compelling them to reflect the colours of -substances placed beneath. It is possible, they say, to heighten -the brilliancy of dull stones, by steeping them for fourteen -days in vinegar, this adventitious lustre being retained by them -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_423">423</a></span>as many months. They are counterfeited, too, with great exactness -in glass; but the difference may be detected with the -touchstone; the same being the case also with other artificial -stones, as the material is always of a softer nature and comparatively -brittle. When thus tested by the stone, hard knots, -too, are detected in them; and the weight of the glass counterfeit -is always less. In some cases, too, they present small blisters -within, which shine like silver.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_27"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 27.—AHTHRACITIS.<a id="FNanchor_3093_3093"></a><a href="#Footnote_3093_3093" class="fnanchor">3093</a></span></h3></div> - -<p>There is also a fossil stone found in Thesprotia, known as -“anthracitis,”<a id="FNanchor_3094_3094"></a><a href="#Footnote_3094_3094" class="fnanchor">3094</a> and resembling a burning coal<a id="FNanchor_3095_3095"></a><a href="#Footnote_3095_3095" class="fnanchor">3095</a> in appearance. -Those who have stated that it is a native also of Liguria, are -mistaken, in my opinion, unless perhaps it was to be found -there in their time. Some of these stones, they say, are surrounded -with a vein of white. Like those which we have -mentioned above, they have a fiery colour, but there is this -peculiarity in them, that when thrown into the fire they have all -the appearance of becoming quenched and deadened; while, on -the other hand, if they are drenched with water, they become -doubly glowing.<a id="FNanchor_3096_3096"></a><a href="#Footnote_3096_3096" class="fnanchor">3096</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_28"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 28.—SANDASTROS. SANDARESOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Of a kindred nature, too, is sandastros,<a id="FNanchor_3097_3097"></a><a href="#Footnote_3097_3097" class="fnanchor">3097</a> known as “garamantites” -by some: it is found in India, at a place of that -name, and is a product also of the southern parts of Arabia. -The great recommendation of it is, that it has all the appearance -of fire placed behind a transparent substance, it burning with -star-like scintillations within, that resemble drops of gold, and -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_424">424</a></span>are always to be seen in the body of the stone, and never upon -the surface. There are certain religious associations, too, connected -with this stone, in consequence of the affinity which it -is supposed to bear with the stars; these scintillations being -mostly, in number and arrangement, like the constellations of -the Pleiades and Hyades; a circumstance which had led to the -use of it by the Chaldæi in the ceremonials which they practise.</p> - -<p>Here, too, the male stones are distinguished from the female, -by their comparative depth of colour and the vigorousness of -the tints which they impart to objects near them: indeed the -stones of India, it is said, quite dim the sight by their brilliancy. -The flame of the female sandastros is of a more softened nature, -and may be pronounced to be lustrous rather than brilliant. -Some prefer the stone of Arabia to that of India, and say that -this last bears a considerable resemblance to a smoke-coloured -chrysolithos. Ismenias asserts that sandastros, in consequence -of its extreme softness, will not admit of being polished, a -circumstance which makes it sell all<a id="FNanchor_3098_3098"></a><a href="#Footnote_3098_3098" class="fnanchor">3098</a> the dearer: other writers, -again, call these stones “sandrisitæ.” One point upon which -all the authorities are agreed is, that the greater the number -of stars upon the stone, the more costly it is in price.</p> - -<p>The similarity of the name has sometimes caused this stone to be -confounded with that known as “sandaresos,” and which Nicander -calls “sandaserion,” and others “sandaseron.” Some, again, -call this last-mentioned stone “sandastros,” and the former one -“sandaresos.” The stone<a id="FNanchor_3099_3099"></a><a href="#Footnote_3099_3099" class="fnanchor">3099</a> that is thus mentioned by Nicander, -is a native of India as well as the other, and likewise takes -its name from the locality where it is found. The colour of -it is that of an apple, or of green oil, and no one sets any -value on it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_29"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 29.—LYCHNIS: FOUR VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>To the same class of flame-coloured stones belongs that -known as “lychnis;”<a id="FNanchor_3100_3100"></a><a href="#Footnote_3100_3100" class="fnanchor">3100</a> so called from its lustre being heightd -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_425">425</a></span>by the light of the lamp, under which circumstances its -tints are particularly pleasing. It is found in the vicinity of -Orthosia, throughout the whole of Caria, and in the neighbouring -localities; but the most approved stones are those that -come from India. Some writers have given the name of “deadened”<a id="FNanchor_3101_3101"></a><a href="#Footnote_3101_3101" class="fnanchor">3101</a> -carbunculus to a lychnis of second-rate quality, and -similar in colour to the flower known as the “flower of Jove.”<a id="FNanchor_3102_3102"></a><a href="#Footnote_3102_3102" class="fnanchor">3102</a> -I find other varieties also mentioned, one with a purple radiance, -and another of a scarlet<a id="FNanchor_3103_3103"></a><a href="#Footnote_3103_3103" class="fnanchor">3103</a> tint. It is asserted, too, that these -stones, when heated or rubbed between the fingers, will attract<a id="FNanchor_3104_3104"></a><a href="#Footnote_3104_3104" class="fnanchor">3104</a> -chaff and filaments of paper.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_30"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 30.—CARCHEDONIA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Carchedonia,<a id="FNanchor_3105_3105"></a><a href="#Footnote_3105_3105" class="fnanchor">3105</a> too, is said to have the same property, though -far inferior in value to the stones already mentioned. It is -found in the mountains among the Nasamones,<a id="FNanchor_3106_3106"></a><a href="#Footnote_3106_3106" class="fnanchor">3106</a> being produced, -the natives think, by showers sent for the purpose from -heaven. These stones are found by the light of the moon, -more particularly when at full: in former days, Carthage was -the entrepôt for them. Archelaüs speaks of a brittle variety being -found in the vicinity of Thebes also, in Egypt, full of veins, -and similar to dying embers in appearance. I find it stated, -too, that in former times, drinking-vessels used to be made of -this stone and of lychnis:<a id="FNanchor_3107_3107"></a><a href="#Footnote_3107_3107" class="fnanchor">3107</a> all these kinds of stone, however, -offer the most obstinate resistance to the graver, and, if used -for seals, are apt to bring away a part of the wax.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_31"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 31.—SARDA: FIVE VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Sarda,<a id="FNanchor_3108_3108"></a><a href="#Footnote_3108_3108" class="fnanchor">3108</a> on the other hand, is remarkably useful for this -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_426">426</a></span>purpose; a stone which shares its name, in part, with sardonyx. -It is a common stone, and was first found at Sardes, but the -most esteemed kind is that of the vicinity of Babylon. When -certain quarries are being worked, these stones are found, -adhering, like a kind of heart, to the interior of the rock. This -mineral, however, is said to be now extinct in Persia; though -it is to be found in numerous other localities, Paros and Assos, -for example.</p> - -<p>In India<a id="FNanchor_3109_3109"></a><a href="#Footnote_3109_3109" class="fnanchor">3109</a> there are three varieties of this stone; the red -sarda, the one known as “pionia,” from its thickness, and a third -kind, beneath which they place a ground of silver tinsel. The -Indian stones are transparent, those of Arabia being more -opaque. There are some found also in the vicinity of Leucas -in Epirus, and in Egypt, which have a ground placed beneath -them of leaf gold. In the case of this stone, too, the male -stone shines with a more attractive brilliancy than the female, -which is of a thicker substance, and more opaque. Among the -ancients there was no precious stone in more common use than -this; at all events, it is this stone that is made so much parade -of in the comedies of Menander and Philemon. No one, too, -among the transparent stones is tarnished more speedily by exposure -to moisture than this; though of all liquids, it is oil -that acts the most readily upon it. Those stones which are -like honey in colour, are generally disapproved of, and still -more so, when they have the complexion of earthenware.<a id="FNanchor_3110_3110"></a><a href="#Footnote_3110_3110" class="fnanchor">3110</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_32"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 32. (8.)—TOPAZOS: TWO VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Topazos<a id="FNanchor_3111_3111"></a><a href="#Footnote_3111_3111" class="fnanchor">3111</a> is a stone that is still held in very high estimation -for its green tints: indeed, when it was first discovered, it was -preferred to every other kind of precious stone. It so happened -that some Troglodytic pirates, suffering from tempest and -hunger, having landed upon an island off the coast of Arabia -known as Cytis,<a id="FNanchor_3112_3112"></a><a href="#Footnote_3112_3112" class="fnanchor">3112</a> when digging there for roots and grass, -discovered this precious stone: such, at least, is the opinion -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_427">427</a></span>expressed by Archelaüs. Juba says that there is an island in the -Red Sea called “Topazos,”<a id="FNanchor_3113_3113"></a><a href="#Footnote_3113_3113" class="fnanchor">3113</a> at a distance of three hundred -stadia from the main land; that it is surrounded by fogs, and -is often sought by navigators in consequence; and that, owing -to this, it received its present name,<a id="FNanchor_3114_3114"></a><a href="#Footnote_3114_3114" class="fnanchor">3114</a> the word “topazin” -meaning “to seek,” in the language of the Troglodytæ. He -states also, that Philon, the king’s præfect, was the first to bring -these stones from this island; that, on his presenting them to -Queen Berenice, the mother of the second Ptolemæus, she was -wonderfully pleased with them; and that, at a later period, a -statue, four cubits in height, was made of this stone,<a id="FNanchor_3115_3115"></a><a href="#Footnote_3115_3115" class="fnanchor">3115</a> in honour -of Arsinoë, the wife of Ptolemæus Philadelphus, it being consecrated -in the temple known as the “Golden Temple.”</p> - -<p>The most recent writers say that this stone is found also in -the vicinity of Alabastrum, a city of Thebais, and they distinguish -two varieties of it, the prasoïdes<a id="FNanchor_3116_3116"></a><a href="#Footnote_3116_3116" class="fnanchor">3116</a> and the chrysopteron;<a id="FNanchor_3117_3117"></a><a href="#Footnote_3117_3117" class="fnanchor">3117</a> -which last is similar to chrysoprasus,<a id="FNanchor_3118_3118"></a><a href="#Footnote_3118_3118" class="fnanchor">3118</a> all the shades of it -tending, more or less, to resemble the colouring principle of -the leek. Topazos is the largest of all the precious stones, -and is the only one among those of high value that yields to -the action of the file, the rest being polished by the aid of -stone of Naxos.<a id="FNanchor_3119_3119"></a><a href="#Footnote_3119_3119" class="fnanchor">3119</a> It admits, too, of being worn by use.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_33"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 33.—CALLAINA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>With this stone we must also couple another, which resembles -it more closely in appearance than in value, the stone known -as “callaina,”<a id="FNanchor_3120_3120"></a><a href="#Footnote_3120_3120" class="fnanchor">3120</a> and of a pale green colour. It is found in the -countries<a id="FNanchor_3121_3121"></a><a href="#Footnote_3121_3121" class="fnanchor">3121</a> that lie at the back of India, among the Phycari, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_428">428</a></span>namely, who inhabit Mount Caucasus, the Sacæ, and the -Dahæ. It is remarkable for its size, but is covered with holes -and full of extraneous matter; that, however, which is found -in Carmania is of a finer quality, and far superior. In both -cases, however, it is only amid frozen and inaccessible rocks that -it is found, protruding from the surface, like an eye in appearance, -and slightly adhering to the rock; not as though it formed -an integral part of it, but with all the appearance of having -been attached to it. People so habituated as they are to riding -on horseback, cannot find the energy and dexterity requisite -for climbing the rocks to obtain the stones, while, at the same -time, they are quite terrified at the danger of doing so. Hence -it is, that they attack the stones with slings from a distance, -and so bring them down, moss and all. It is with this stone -that the people pay their tribute, and this the rich look upon -as their most graceful ornament for the neck.<a id="FNanchor_3122_3122"></a><a href="#Footnote_3122_3122" class="fnanchor">3122</a> This constitutes -the whole of their wealth, with some, and it is their chief -glory to recount how many of these stones they have brought -down from the mountain heights since the days of their childhood. -Their success, however, is extremely variable;<a id="FNanchor_3123_3123"></a><a href="#Footnote_3123_3123" class="fnanchor">3123</a> for while -some, at the very first throw, have brought down remarkably -fine specimens, many have arrived at old age without obtaining -any.</p> - -<p>Such is the method of procuring these stones; their form -being given them by cutting, a thing that is easily effected. -The best of them have just the colour of smaragdus, a thing -that proves that the most pleasing property in them is one that -belongs of right to another stone. Their beauty is heightened -by setting them in gold, and there is no stone to which the -contrast of the gold is more becoming. The finest of them lose -their colour by coming in contact with oil, unguents, or undiluted -wine even; whereas those of a poorer quality preserve -their colour better. There is no stone, too, that is more easily -counterfeited in glass. Some writers say, that this stone is to -be found in Arabia also, in the nest of the bird known as the -“melancoryphus.”<a id="FNanchor_3124_3124"></a><a href="#Footnote_3124_3124" class="fnanchor">3124</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_429">429</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_34"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 34.—PRASIUS; THREE VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There are numerous other kinds also of green stones. To -the more common class belongs prasius;<a id="FNanchor_3125_3125"></a><a href="#Footnote_3125_3125" class="fnanchor">3125</a> one variety of which -is disfigured with spots<a id="FNanchor_3126_3126"></a><a href="#Footnote_3126_3126" class="fnanchor">3126</a> like blood, while another kind is -marked with three streaks of white. To all these stones -chrysoprasus<a id="FNanchor_3127_3127"></a><a href="#Footnote_3127_3127" class="fnanchor">3127</a> is preferred, which is also similar to the colouring -matter of the leek, but varies in tint between topazos and gold. -This stone is found of so large a size as to admit of drinking-boats<a id="FNanchor_3128_3128"></a><a href="#Footnote_3128_3128" class="fnanchor">3128</a> -even being made of it, and is cut into cylinders very -frequently.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_35"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 35.—NILION.</span></h3></div> - -<p>India, which produces these stones, produces nilion<a id="FNanchor_3129_3129"></a><a href="#Footnote_3129_3129" class="fnanchor">3129</a> also, a -stone that differs from the last in its dull, diminished lustre, -which, when steadily looked upon, soon fades from the sight. -Sudines says that it is to be found also in the Siberus, a river of -Attica. In appearance it resembles a smoke-coloured topazos, or, -in some cases, a topazos with a tint like honey. According to -Juba, Æthiopia produces it, upon the shores of the river known -to us as the Nilus; to which circumstance, he says, it owes its -name.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_36"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 36.—MOLOCHITIS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Molochitis<a id="FNanchor_3130_3130"></a><a href="#Footnote_3130_3130" class="fnanchor">3130</a> is not transparent, being of a deeper green, and -more opaque than smaragdus; its name is derived from the -mallow,<a id="FNanchor_3131_3131"></a><a href="#Footnote_3131_3131" class="fnanchor">3131</a> which it resembles in colour. It is highly esteemed -for making seals, and it is endowed by Nature with medicinal -properties which render it a preservative for infants against -certain dangers which menace them. This stone is a native of -Arabia.<a id="FNanchor_3132_3132"></a><a href="#Footnote_3132_3132" class="fnanchor">3132</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_430">430</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_37"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 37.—IASPIS; FOURTEEN VARIETIES OF IT. DEFECTS FOUND -IN IASPIS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Iaspis,<a id="FNanchor_3133_3133"></a><a href="#Footnote_3133_3133" class="fnanchor">3133</a> too, is green, and often transparent; a stone which, if -surpassed by many others, still retains the renown which it -acquired in former times. Many countries produce this stone: -that of India is like smaragdus in colour; that of Cyprus is -hard, and of a full sea-green; and that of Persia is sky-blue, -whence its name, “aërizusa.”<a id="FNanchor_3134_3134"></a><a href="#Footnote_3134_3134" class="fnanchor">3134</a> Similar to this last is the -Caspian iaspis. On the banks of the river Thermodon the -iaspis is of an azure colour; in Phrygia, it is purple; and in -Cappadocia of an azure purple, sombre, and not refulgent. -Amisos<a id="FNanchor_3135_3135"></a><a href="#Footnote_3135_3135" class="fnanchor">3135</a> sends us an iaspis like that of India in colour, and -Chalcedon,<a id="FNanchor_3136_3136"></a><a href="#Footnote_3136_3136" class="fnanchor">3136</a> a stone of a turbid hue.</p> - -<p>But it is of less consequence to distinguish the several localities -that furnish it, than it is to remark upon the degrees of -excellence which they present. The best kind is that which -has a shade of purple, the next best being the rose-coloured, -and the next the stone with the green colour of the smaragdus; -to each of which the Greeks have given names<a id="FNanchor_3137_3137"></a><a href="#Footnote_3137_3137" class="fnanchor">3137</a> according to -their respective tints. A fourth kind, which is called by them -“boria,”<a id="FNanchor_3138_3138"></a><a href="#Footnote_3138_3138" class="fnanchor">3138</a> resembles in colour the sky of a morning in autumn; -this, too, will be the same that is known as “aërizusa.”<a id="FNanchor_3139_3139"></a><a href="#Footnote_3139_3139" class="fnanchor">3139</a> There -is an iaspis also which resembles sarda<a id="FNanchor_3140_3140"></a><a href="#Footnote_3140_3140" class="fnanchor">3140</a> in appearance, and -another with a violet tint. Not less numerous, too, are the -other kinds that are left undescribed; but they are all blue to -a fault,<a id="FNanchor_3141_3141"></a><a href="#Footnote_3141_3141" class="fnanchor">3141</a> or else resemble crystal in appearance, or the tints of -the myxa<a id="FNanchor_3142_3142"></a><a href="#Footnote_3142_3142" class="fnanchor">3142</a> plum. There is the terebenthine<a id="FNanchor_3143_3143"></a><a href="#Footnote_3143_3143" class="fnanchor">3143</a>-coloured iaspis -also; improperly so called, in my opinion, as it has all the appearance -of being a composition of numerous gems of this description.</p> - -<p>The best of these stones are set in an open bezel, the gold of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_431">431</a></span>which only embraces the margins of the stone, leaving the -upper and lower surfaces uncovered. One great defect in -them is a subdued lustre, and a want of refulgence when -viewed from a distance. Grains also like salt appear within the -stone, and all the other defects which are common<a id="FNanchor_3144_3144"></a><a href="#Footnote_3144_3144" class="fnanchor">3144</a> to precious -stones in general. Sometimes they are imitated in glass; a fraud, -however, which may be easily detected, from the material -throwing out its refulgence, instead of concentrating it within -itself. To this class also belongs the stone called “sphragis,”<a id="FNanchor_3145_3145"></a><a href="#Footnote_3145_3145" class="fnanchor">3145</a> -which is only reckoned as belonging to the domain of precious -stones, from the circumstance that it is the best of all for -making signets.<a id="FNanchor_3146_3146"></a><a href="#Footnote_3146_3146" class="fnanchor">3146</a></p> - -<p>(9.) Throughout all the East, it is the custom, it is said, to -wear iaspis by way of amulet. The variety of this stone -which resembles smaragdus in colour is often found with a -white line running transversely through the middle; in which -case it is known as “monogrammos:”<a id="FNanchor_3147_3147"></a><a href="#Footnote_3147_3147" class="fnanchor">3147</a> when it is streaked -with several lines, it is called “polygrammos.”<a id="FNanchor_3148_3148"></a><a href="#Footnote_3148_3148" class="fnanchor">3148</a> Here, too, I -may take the opportunity of exposing the falsehoods<a id="FNanchor_3149_3149"></a><a href="#Footnote_3149_3149" class="fnanchor">3149</a> of the -magicians, who pretend that this stone is beneficial for persons -when speaking in public. There is a stone also that is formed of -iaspis and onyx combined, and is known as “iasponyx.”<a id="FNanchor_3150_3150"></a><a href="#Footnote_3150_3150" class="fnanchor">3150</a> Sometimes -this stone has a clouded appearance; sometimes it has -spots upon the surface like snow;<a id="FNanchor_3151_3151"></a><a href="#Footnote_3151_3151" class="fnanchor">3151</a> and sometimes it is stellated -with red spots.<a id="FNanchor_3152_3152"></a><a href="#Footnote_3152_3152" class="fnanchor">3152</a> One kind resembles salt of Megara<a id="FNanchor_3153_3153"></a><a href="#Footnote_3153_3153" class="fnanchor">3153</a> in -appearance, and another is known as capnias,<a id="FNanchor_3154_3154"></a><a href="#Footnote_3154_3154" class="fnanchor">3154</a> and looks as if -it had been smoked. We have seen in our day an iaspis<a id="FNanchor_3155_3155"></a><a href="#Footnote_3155_3155" class="fnanchor">3155</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_432">432</a></span>fifteen inches in length, of which a figure of Nero was made, -armed with a cuirass.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_38"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 38.—CYANOS; THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We must also give a separate account of cyanos,<a id="FNanchor_3156_3156"></a><a href="#Footnote_3156_3156" class="fnanchor">3156</a> a name -which, until very recently, was given to a species of iaspis, -on account of its cærulean colour. The best kind is that of -Scythia,<a id="FNanchor_3157_3157"></a><a href="#Footnote_3157_3157" class="fnanchor">3157</a> the next best being the produce of Cyprus, and, last -of all, that of Egypt. An artificial<a id="FNanchor_3158_3158"></a><a href="#Footnote_3158_3158" class="fnanchor">3158</a> kind is much in use, -that is prepared by dyeing other substances; and this invention -is looked upon as one of the great glories of the kings -of Egypt, the name of the king who first discovered it being -still preserved in their annals. This stone, too, is divided into -male and female, and sometimes it has the appearance of being -powdered with a golden dust, in much the same way as sapphiros.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_39"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 39.—SAPPHIROS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>For sapphiros,<a id="FNanchor_3159_3159"></a><a href="#Footnote_3159_3159" class="fnanchor">3159</a> too, is refulgent with spots<a id="FNanchor_3160_3160"></a><a href="#Footnote_3160_3160" class="fnanchor">3160</a> like gold. It is -also of an azure colour, though sometimes, but rarely, it is purple; -the best kind being that which comes from Media. In no -case, however, is this stone diaphanous; in addition to which, -it is not suited for engraving when intersected with hard particles -of a crystalline<a id="FNanchor_3161_3161"></a><a href="#Footnote_3161_3161" class="fnanchor">3161</a> nature. Those among them that have -the colour of cyanos are generally thought to be the male stones.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_40"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 40.—AMETHYSTOS; FOUR VARIETIES OF IT. SOCONDION. -SAPENOS. PHARANITIS. APHRODITES BLEPHARON, ANTEROS, OR -PÆDEROS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We will now commence with another class of precious stones, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_433">433</a></span>those of a purple colour, or whose tints are derived from purple. -To the first rank belongs the amethystos<a id="FNanchor_3162_3162"></a><a href="#Footnote_3162_3162" class="fnanchor">3162</a> of India; a stone -which is also found in the part of Arabia that adjoins Syria -and is known as Petra, as also in Lesser Armenia, Egypt, and -Galatia; the very worst of all, and the least valued, being those -of Thasos and Cyprus. The name which these stones bear, -originates, it is said, in the peculiar tint of their brilliancy, -which, after closely approaching the colour of wine, passes off -into a violet without being fully pronounced; or else, according -to some authorities, in the fact that in their purple there -is something that falls short of a fiery colour, the tints fading -off and inclining to the colour of wine.</p> - -<p>All these stones are transparent and of an agreeable violet -colour, and are easy<a id="FNanchor_3163_3163"></a><a href="#Footnote_3163_3163" class="fnanchor">3163</a> to engrave. Those of India have in -perfection the very richest shades of purple, and it is to attain -this colour that the dyers<a id="FNanchor_3164_3164"></a><a href="#Footnote_3164_3164" class="fnanchor">3164</a> in purple direct all their endeavours; -it presenting a fine mellowed appearance to the eye, and not -dazzling the sight, as in the case with the colours of the carbunculus. -Another variety approaches more nearly the hyacinth -in colour: the people of India call this tint “socon,” and the -stone itself “socondion.” A third stone of this class is of a -more diluted colour, and is known as “sapenos,” being identical -with “pharanitis,” so called from a country<a id="FNanchor_3165_3165"></a><a href="#Footnote_3165_3165" class="fnanchor">3165</a> on the -frontiers of Arabia that produces it. Of a fourth kind, the -colour is like that of wine; and in a fifth it borders very closely -upon that of crystal, the purple gradually passing off into -white. This last kind is but little valued; for a fine amethyst -should always have, when viewed sideways<a id="FNanchor_3166_3166"></a><a href="#Footnote_3166_3166" class="fnanchor">3166</a> and held up to the -light, a certain purple refulgence, like that of carbunculus, -slightly inclining to a tint of rose.</p> - -<p>Some prefer giving these stones the name of “pæderos”<a id="FNanchor_3167_3167"></a><a href="#Footnote_3167_3167" class="fnanchor">3167</a> or -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_434">434</a></span>of “anteros,”<a id="FNanchor_3168_3168"></a><a href="#Footnote_3168_3168" class="fnanchor">3168</a> while to many they are known as “Venus’<a id="FNanchor_3169_3169"></a><a href="#Footnote_3169_3169" class="fnanchor">3169</a> -eyelid,” a name which would seem to be particularly appropriate -to the colour and general appearance of the gem. The -falsehoods of the magicians would persuade us that these stones -are preventive of inebriety, and that it is from this that they -have derived<a id="FNanchor_3170_3170"></a><a href="#Footnote_3170_3170" class="fnanchor">3170</a> their name. They tell us also, that if we inscribe -the names of the sun and moon upon this stone, and then -wear it suspended from the neck, with some hair of the cynocephalus<a id="FNanchor_3171_3171"></a><a href="#Footnote_3171_3171" class="fnanchor">3171</a> -and feathers of the swallow, it will act as a preservative -against all noxious spells. It is said too, that worn in any -manner, this stone will ensure access to the presence of kings; -and that it will avert hail and the attacks of locusts, if a certain -prayer is also repeated which they mention. They make similar -promises, too, in reference to the smaragdus, if graven with the -figure of an eagle or of a scarabæus: statements which, in my -opinion, they cannot have committed to writing without a feeling -of contempt and derision for the rest of mankind.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_41"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 41.—HYACINTHOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Very different from this stone is hyacinthos,<a id="FNanchor_3172_3172"></a><a href="#Footnote_3172_3172" class="fnanchor">3172</a> though partaking -of a colour that closely borders upon it. The great -difference between them is, that the brilliant violet which is -so refulgent in the amethystos, is diluted in the other stone. -Though pleasing at first sight, its beauty fades before the eye -is satiated; indeed, so far is it from satisfying the sight, that -it almost wholly fails to attract the eye, its lustre disappearing -more rapidly than the tints of the flower<a id="FNanchor_3173_3173"></a><a href="#Footnote_3173_3173" class="fnanchor">3173</a> known by the same -name.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_42"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 42.—CHRYSOLITHOS: SEVEN VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Æthiopia, which produces hyacinthos, produces chrysolithos<a id="FNanchor_3174_3174"></a><a href="#Footnote_3174_3174" class="fnanchor">3174</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_435">435</a></span>also, a transparent stone with a refulgence like that of gold. -The stones of India are the most highly esteemed, as also those -found among the Tibareni,<a id="FNanchor_3175_3175"></a><a href="#Footnote_3175_3175" class="fnanchor">3175</a> provided these last are not of a -mottled hue. The worst in quality are those of Arabia, the -colour of them being turbid and mottled, and their brilliancy -interrupted by cloudy spots: even too, when they happen to -be limpid, they have all the appearance of being full, as it -were, of a peculiar dust. The best stones are those which, -when placed by the side of gold, impart to it a sort of whitish -hue, and so give it the appearance of silver. When this is the -case, they are set in a bezel that is open on either side; but -when the stone is of inferior quality, a ground of aurichalcum<a id="FNanchor_3176_3176"></a><a href="#Footnote_3176_3176" class="fnanchor">3176</a> -is placed beneath.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_43"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 43.—CHRYSELECTRUM.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Though it has now altogether gone out of use for jewellery, -there is a precious stone known as “chryselectrum,”<a id="FNanchor_3177_3177"></a><a href="#Footnote_3177_3177" class="fnanchor">3177</a> the colour -of which inclines to that of amber;<a id="FNanchor_3178_3178"></a><a href="#Footnote_3178_3178" class="fnanchor">3178</a> but only when viewed by -a morning<a id="FNanchor_3179_3179"></a><a href="#Footnote_3179_3179" class="fnanchor">3179</a> light. The stones of Pontus are known by their -lightness. Some of them are hard and reddish, while others, -again, are soft and of a soiled appearance. According to Bocchus, -these stones are found in Spain as well; in a spot where, -according to him, fossil crystal has been discovered, in sinking -to the water-level for wells.<a id="FNanchor_3180_3180"></a><a href="#Footnote_3180_3180" class="fnanchor">3180</a> He tells us also that he once -saw a chrysolithos twelve<a id="FNanchor_3181_3181"></a><a href="#Footnote_3181_3181" class="fnanchor">3181</a> pounds in weight.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_44"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 44.—LEUCOCHRYSOS: FOUR VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is also a stone known as “leucochrysos,”<a id="FNanchor_3182_3182"></a><a href="#Footnote_3182_3182" class="fnanchor">3182</a> with a -white vein running across it. To this class, too, belongs capnias;<a id="FNanchor_3183_3183"></a><a href="#Footnote_3183_3183" class="fnanchor">3183</a> -a stone also which resembles glass in appearance; and -another which reflects a tint like that of saffron. These stones -are imitated in glass, to such a degree of perfection, that it is -impossible to distinguish them by the eye. The touch, however, -detects the difference, the imitation being not so cold as -the real stone.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_436">436</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_45"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 45.—MELICHRYSOS. XUTHON.</span></h3></div> - -<p>To this class also belongs melichrysos,<a id="FNanchor_3184_3184"></a><a href="#Footnote_3184_3184" class="fnanchor">3184</a> a stone which has -all the appearance of pure honey, seen through transparent -gold. India produces these stones, and, although hard, they -are very brittle, but not unpleasing to the sight. The same -country, too, produces xuthon,<a id="FNanchor_3185_3185"></a><a href="#Footnote_3185_3185" class="fnanchor">3185</a> a stone much used by the lower -classes there.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_46"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 46.—PÆDEROS, SANGENON, OR TENITES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>At the very head of the white stones is pæderos;<a id="FNanchor_3186_3186"></a><a href="#Footnote_3186_3186" class="fnanchor">3186</a> though -it may still be questionable to which of the colours it in -reality belongs. As to the name, it has been so much bandied -about among other precious stones of conspicuous beauty, that -it has quite assumed the privilege of being a synonymous -term<a id="FNanchor_3187_3187"></a><a href="#Footnote_3187_3187" class="fnanchor">3187</a> for all that is charming to the eye. Still, however, there -is one<a id="FNanchor_3188_3188"></a><a href="#Footnote_3188_3188" class="fnanchor">3188</a> stone in particular which fully merits all the commendation -that might be expected for a stone with so prepossessing -a name: for in itself it reunites the transparency of crystal, -the peculiar green of the sky, the deep tints of purple, -and a sort of bright reflex, like that of a golden-coloured -wine; a reflex, indeed, that is always the last to meet -the eye, but is always crowned with the lustrous hues of -purple. The stone, in fact, has all the appearance of having -been bathed in each of these tints, individually, and yet in the -whole of them at once. There is no precious stone either that -has a clearer water than this, or that presents a more pleasing -sweetness to the eye.</p> - -<p>Pæderos of the finest quality comes from India, where it is -known as “sangenon;” the next best being that of Egypt, -called “tenites.” That of third-rate quality is found in Arabia, -but it is rough upon the surface. Next, we have the stone of -Pontus, the radiance of which is softer than in that of Thasos, -which, in its turn, is of a more mellowed colour than the -stones of Galatia, Thrace, and Cyprus. The defects commonly -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_437">437</a></span>found in these stones are, a want of brilliancy, a confusion -with colours which do not properly belong to them, and the -other imperfections which are found in stones in general.<a id="FNanchor_3189_3189"></a><a href="#Footnote_3189_3189" class="fnanchor">3189</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_47"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 47.—ASTERIA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Next among the white stones is “asteria,”<a id="FNanchor_3190_3190"></a><a href="#Footnote_3190_3190" class="fnanchor">3190</a> a gem which -holds its high rank on account of a certain peculiarity in its -nature, it having a light enclosed within, in the pupil of an -eye as it were. This light, which has all the appearance of -moving within the stone, it transmits according to the angle of -inclination at which it is held; now in one direction, and -now in another. When held facing the sun, it emits white -rays like those of a star, and to this, in fact, it owes its name.<a id="FNanchor_3191_3191"></a><a href="#Footnote_3191_3191" class="fnanchor">3191</a> -The stones of India are very difficult to engrave, those of Carmania -being preferred.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_48"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 48.—ASTRION.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Of a similar white radiance is the stone that is known as -“astrion,”<a id="FNanchor_3192_3192"></a><a href="#Footnote_3192_3192" class="fnanchor">3192</a> closely resembling crystal in its nature, and found -in India and upon the coasts of Pallene.<a id="FNanchor_3193_3193"></a><a href="#Footnote_3193_3193" class="fnanchor">3193</a> In the centre of it -there shines internally a brilliant star, with a refulgence like -that of the moon when full. Some will have it that this stone -receives its name from the fact that, when held opposite to the -stars, it absorbs the light they emit and then returns it. The -finest stones, they say, are those of Carmania, there being -none more entirely free from all defects. They add, also, that -a stone of inferior quality is known as “ceraunia,”<a id="FNanchor_3194_3194"></a><a href="#Footnote_3194_3194" class="fnanchor">3194</a> and that, -in the worst of all, the light is very similar to that given by a -lamp.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_49"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 49.—ASTRIOTES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Astriotes,<a id="FNanchor_3195_3195"></a><a href="#Footnote_3195_3195" class="fnanchor">3195</a> too, is a stone that is highly esteemed, and Zoroaster, -they say, has sung its wondrous praises as an adjunct of -the magic art.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_438">438</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_50"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 50.—ASTROBOLOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Sudines says, that astrobolos<a id="FNanchor_3196_3196"></a><a href="#Footnote_3196_3196" class="fnanchor">3196</a> resembles the eye of a fish in -appearance, and that it has a radiant white refulgence when -viewed in the sun.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_51"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 51.—CERAUNIA; FOUR VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Among the white stones also, there is one known as -“ceraunia,”<a id="FNanchor_3197_3197"></a><a href="#Footnote_3197_3197" class="fnanchor">3197</a> which absorbs the brilliancy of the stars. It is -of a crystalline formation, of a lustrous azure colour, and is a -native of Carmania. Zenothemis admits that it is white, but -asserts that it has the figure of a blazing star within. Some of -them, he says, are dull, in which case it is the custom to steep -them for some days in a mixture of nitre and vinegar; at the -end of which period the star makes its appearance, but gradually -dies away by the end of as many months.</p> - -<p>Sotacus mentions also two other varieties of ceraunia, one -black and the other red; and he says that they resemble axes -in shape. Those which are black and round,<a id="FNanchor_3198_3198"></a><a href="#Footnote_3198_3198" class="fnanchor">3198</a> he says, are -looked upon as sacred, and by their assistance cities and fleets -are attacked and taken: the name given to them is “bætyli,” -those of an elongated form being known as “cerauniæ.”<a id="FNanchor_3199_3199"></a><a href="#Footnote_3199_3199" class="fnanchor">3199</a> They -make out also that there is another kind, rarely to be met with, -and much in request for the practices of magic, it never being -found in any place but one that has been struck by lightning.<a id="FNanchor_3200_3200"></a><a href="#Footnote_3200_3200" class="fnanchor">3200</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_52"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 52.—IRIS; TWO VARIETIES OF IT.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The next name mentioned by these authors is that of the -stone called “iris;”<a id="FNanchor_3201_3201"></a><a href="#Footnote_3201_3201" class="fnanchor">3201</a> which is found, in a fossil state, in a -certain island of the Red Sea, forty miles distant from the city -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_439">439</a></span>of Berenice. It is partly composed of crystal, and hence it is -that some have called it “root of crystal.” It takes its name -“iris” from the properties which it possesses; for, when -struck by the rays of the sun in a covered spot, it projects upon -the nearest walls the form and diversified colours of the rainbow; -continually changing its tints, and exciting admiration -by the great variety of colours which it presents. That it is -hexahedral in form, like crystal, is generally agreed; but some -say that it is rough on the sides and of unequal angles; -and that, when exposed to a full sun, it disperses the rays -that are thrown upon it, while at the same time, by throwing -out a certain brightness<a id="FNanchor_3202_3202"></a><a href="#Footnote_3202_3202" class="fnanchor">3202</a> before it, it illumines all objects -that may happen to be adjacent. The stone, however, -as already stated, only presents these colours when under -cover; not as though they were in the body of the stone -itself, but, to all appearance, as if they were the result of the -reflected light upon the surface of the wall. The best kind is -the one that produces the largest arcs, with the closest resemblance -to the rainbow.</p> - -<p>“Iritis” is the name of another stone, similar to the last in -all other respects, but remarkable for its extreme hardness. -Horus says, in his writings, that this stone, calcined and triturated, -is a remedy for the bite of the ichneumon, and that it is -a native of Persia.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_53"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 53.—LEROS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The stone called “leros”<a id="FNanchor_3203_3203"></a><a href="#Footnote_3203_3203" class="fnanchor">3203</a> is similar in appearance, but does -not produce the same effects. It is a crystal, with streaks of -white and black running across it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 54.—ACHATES; THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF IT. ACOPOS; -THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM IT. ALABASTRITIS; THE REMEDIES -DERIVED FROM IT. ALECTORIA. ANDRODAMAS. ARGYRODAMAS. -ANTIPATHES. ARABICA. AROMATITIS. ASBESTOS. -ASPISATIS. ATIZÖE. AUGETIS. AMPHIDANES OR CHRYSOCOLLA. -APHRODISIACA. APSYCTOS. ÆGYPTILLA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Having now described the principal precious stones, classified -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_440">440</a></span>according to their respective colours, I shall proceed to mention -the rest of them in their alphabetical order.</p> - -<p>(10.) Achates<a id="FNanchor_3204_3204"></a><a href="#Footnote_3204_3204" class="fnanchor">3204</a> was a stone formerly in high esteem, but -now held in none. It was first found in Sicily, near a river -of that name; but has since been discovered in numerous other -localities. In size it exceeds any other stones of this class, -and the varieties of it are numerous, the name varying accordingly. -Thus, for example, we have iaspachates,<a id="FNanchor_3205_3205"></a><a href="#Footnote_3205_3205" class="fnanchor">3205</a> cerachates,<a id="FNanchor_3206_3206"></a><a href="#Footnote_3206_3206" class="fnanchor">3206</a> -smaragdachates,<a id="FNanchor_3207_3207"></a><a href="#Footnote_3207_3207" class="fnanchor">3207</a> hæmachates,<a id="FNanchor_3208_3208"></a><a href="#Footnote_3208_3208" class="fnanchor">3208</a> leucachates,<a id="FNanchor_3209_3209"></a><a href="#Footnote_3209_3209" class="fnanchor">3209</a> dendrachates,<a id="FNanchor_3210_3210"></a><a href="#Footnote_3210_3210" class="fnanchor">3210</a> -marked with small shrubs, as it were; autachates,<a id="FNanchor_3211_3211"></a><a href="#Footnote_3211_3211" class="fnanchor">3211</a> which when -burnt has a smell like that of myrrh; and coralloachates,<a id="FNanchor_3212_3212"></a><a href="#Footnote_3212_3212" class="fnanchor">3212</a> -spotted all over, like sapphiros, with drops of gold, and commonly -found in Crete, where it is also known as “sacred” -achates. This last, it is thought, is good for wounds inflicted -by spiders and scorpions; a property which I could really -believe to belong to the stones of Sicily, for, the moment they -breathe the air of that province, scorpions lose their venom.</p> - -<p>The stones, too, that are found in India are possessed of -similar properties, and of other great and marvellous properties -as well; for they present the appearance in them of rivers,<a id="FNanchor_3213_3213"></a><a href="#Footnote_3213_3213" class="fnanchor">3213</a> -woods,<a id="FNanchor_3214_3214"></a><a href="#Footnote_3214_3214" class="fnanchor">3214</a> beasts of burden, and forms even, like ivy<a id="FNanchor_3215_3215"></a><a href="#Footnote_3215_3215" class="fnanchor">3215</a> and the -trappings of horses. Medical men, too, make grinding-hones<a id="FNanchor_3216_3216"></a><a href="#Footnote_3216_3216" class="fnanchor">3216</a> -of these stones, and indeed the very sight of them is beneficial -for the eyes: held in the mouth, they allay thirst. Those -found in Phrygia have no green in them, and those of Thebes -in Egypt are destitute of red and white veins. These last are -good as a counterpoison to the venom of the scorpion, and the -stones of Cyprus are held in similar repute. Some persons set -the highest value upon those stones which present a transparency -like that of glass. They are found also in Trachinia, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_441">441</a></span>in the vicinity of Mount Œta, upon Mount Parnassus, in the -Isle of Lesbos, in Messene, where they resemble the flowers -that grow in the hedges, and at Rhodes.</p> - -<p>The magicians make other distinctions in reference to these -stones: those, they tell us, which have spots upon them like -the spots on the lion’s skin, are efficacious as a protection against -scorpions; and in Persia, they say, these stones are used, by -way of fumigation, for arresting tempests and hurricanes, and -for stopping the course of rivers, the proof of their efficacy -being their turning the water cold, if thrown into a boiling -cauldron. To be duly efficacious, they must be attached to the -body with hairs from a lion’s mane. The hair, however, of -the hyæna is held in abomination for this purpose, as being a -promoter of discord in families. The stone that is of an uniform -colour renders athletes invincible, they say: the way of -testing it is to throw it, along with colouring matter, into a -pot full of oil; after being kept for a couple of hours gently on -the boil, if genuine, it will impart an uniform colour of vermilion -to the mixture.</p> - -<p>Acopos<a id="FNanchor_3217_3217"></a><a href="#Footnote_3217_3217" class="fnanchor">3217</a> is a stone like nitre<a id="FNanchor_3218_3218"></a><a href="#Footnote_3218_3218" class="fnanchor">3218</a> in appearance, porous, and -starred with drops of gold: gently boiled with oil and applied -as an unguent, it relieves lassitude, if we choose to believe it. -Alabastritis<a id="FNanchor_3219_3219"></a><a href="#Footnote_3219_3219" class="fnanchor">3219</a> is a stone which comes from Alabastron in -Egypt and Damascus in Syria: it is of a white colour, spotted -with various other tints. Calcined with fossil salt and pulverized, -it is a cure for affections of the mouth and teeth, it is -said. Alectoria<a id="FNanchor_3220_3220"></a><a href="#Footnote_3220_3220" class="fnanchor">3220</a> is the name given to a stone that is found in -the crop of poultry, like crystal in appearance, and about as -large as a bean in size: Milo<a id="FNanchor_3221_3221"></a><a href="#Footnote_3221_3221" class="fnanchor">3221</a> of Crotona, some will have it, -was thought to be in the habit of carrying this stone about -him, a thing that rendered him invincible in his athletic contests. -Androdamas<a id="FNanchor_3222_3222"></a><a href="#Footnote_3222_3222" class="fnanchor">3222</a> has the shining colour of silver, like -adamas;<a id="FNanchor_3223_3223"></a><a href="#Footnote_3223_3223" class="fnanchor">3223</a> it is always quadrangular, like small cubes in shape. -The magicians are of opinion that it was thus named from the -fact that it subdues anger and violence in man. Whether -argyrodamas<a id="FNanchor_3224_3224"></a><a href="#Footnote_3224_3224" class="fnanchor">3224</a> is the same stone or not, authors do not inform -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_442">442</a></span>us. Antipathes<a id="FNanchor_3225_3225"></a><a href="#Footnote_3225_3225" class="fnanchor">3225</a> is a black stone, and not transparent: the mode -of testing it, is by boiling it in milk, to which, if genuine, it -imparts a colour like that of myrrh. A person might probably -expect to find some extraordinary virtues in this stone, seeing -that, among so many other substances possessed of antipathetic -properties, it is the only one that bears this name. The magicians -will have it that it possesses the power of counteracting -fascinations.</p> - -<p>Arabica<a id="FNanchor_3226_3226"></a><a href="#Footnote_3226_3226" class="fnanchor">3226</a> is a stone which closely resembles ivory in appearance, -and, indeed, might easily be taken for it, were it not -for its superior hardness: persons who have this stone about -them, it is thought, will experience a cure of diseases of the -sinews. Aromatitis,<a id="FNanchor_3227_3227"></a><a href="#Footnote_3227_3227" class="fnanchor">3227</a> too, is a stone that is found in Arabia, as -also in the vicinity of Phiræ in Egypt: it is always full of -small stones, and like myrrh in colour and smell, a thing that -makes it much in request with ladies of rank.<a id="FNanchor_3228_3228"></a><a href="#Footnote_3228_3228" class="fnanchor">3228</a> Asbestos<a id="FNanchor_3229_3229"></a><a href="#Footnote_3229_3229" class="fnanchor">3229</a> -is found in the mountains of Arcadia, and is of an iron -colour. Democritus informs us that aspisatis<a id="FNanchor_3230_3230"></a><a href="#Footnote_3230_3230" class="fnanchor">3230</a> is a native -of Arabia, that it is of a fiery colour, and that patients -should wear it attached to the body with camels’ dung; he -says, too, that it is found in the nests of certain birds<a id="FNanchor_3231_3231"></a><a href="#Footnote_3231_3231" class="fnanchor">3231</a> in -Arabia. The same writer also mentions another stone of this -name, that is found at Leucopetra in the same country, of a -silver colour, radiant, and an excellent preservative against -delirium. In India, he says, and on Mount Acidane in -Persia, there is a stone found that is known as “atizoë,”<a id="FNanchor_3232_3232"></a><a href="#Footnote_3232_3232" class="fnanchor">3232</a> of a -silver lustre, three fingers in length, like a lentil in shape, -possessed of a pleasant smell, and considered necessary by the -Magi at the consecration of a king. Augetis<a id="FNanchor_3233_3233"></a><a href="#Footnote_3233_3233" class="fnanchor">3233</a> is thought by -many to be identical with callaina.<a id="FNanchor_3234_3234"></a><a href="#Footnote_3234_3234" class="fnanchor">3234</a> Amphidanes,<a id="FNanchor_3235_3235"></a><a href="#Footnote_3235_3235" class="fnanchor">3235</a> which is -also known as “chrysocolla,”<a id="FNanchor_3236_3236"></a><a href="#Footnote_3236_3236" class="fnanchor">3236</a> is a stone found in that part of -India where the ants<a id="FNanchor_3237_3237"></a><a href="#Footnote_3237_3237" class="fnanchor">3237</a> throw up gold, and in it there are certain -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_443">443</a></span>square pieces, like gold in appearance. The nature of this -stone, it is asserted, is similar to that of the magnet; in addition -to which, it is said to have the property of increasing gold.</p> - -<p>Aphrodisiaca<a id="FNanchor_3238_3238"></a><a href="#Footnote_3238_3238" class="fnanchor">3238</a> is a stone of a reddish white colour. Apsyctos,<a id="FNanchor_3239_3239"></a><a href="#Footnote_3239_3239" class="fnanchor">3239</a> -when heated by fire, retains the warmth so long as -seven days; it is black and ponderous, and is streaked with -red veins. It is good too, it is thought, as a preservative -against cold. According to Iacchus, Ægyptilla<a id="FNanchor_3240_3240"></a><a href="#Footnote_3240_3240" class="fnanchor">3240</a> is a kind of -white and black sarda, intersected with veins; but the stone -commonly known by that name is black at the lower part, and -azure on the surface. It takes its name from the country that -produces it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_55"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 55.—BALANITES. BATRACHITIS. BAPTES. BELI OCULUS. -BELUS. BAROPTENUS OR BARIPPE. BOTRYITIS. BOSTRYCHITIS. -BUCARDIA. BRONTEA. BOLOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Of balanites<a id="FNanchor_3241_3241"></a><a href="#Footnote_3241_3241" class="fnanchor">3241</a> there are two kinds, the one of a greenish hue, -and the other like Corinthian bronze in appearance; the former -comes from Coptos, and the latter from Troglodytica. They -are both of them intersected by a flame-like vein, which runs -through the middle. Coptos, too, sends us batrachitis;<a id="FNanchor_3242_3242"></a><a href="#Footnote_3242_3242" class="fnanchor">3242</a> one -kind of which is like a frog in colour, another has the tint of -ebony, and a third is blackish inclining to red. Baptes<a id="FNanchor_3243_3243"></a><a href="#Footnote_3243_3243" class="fnanchor">3243</a> is a -soft stone, and of a most excellent smell. Beli oculus<a id="FNanchor_3244_3244"></a><a href="#Footnote_3244_3244" class="fnanchor">3244</a> is a -stone of a whitish hue, surrounding a black pupil in the middle, -which shines amid a lustre like that of gold. This stone, in -consequence of its singular beauty, has been consecrated to the -deity<a id="FNanchor_3245_3245"></a><a href="#Footnote_3245_3245" class="fnanchor">3245</a> held in the highest veneration by the people of Assyria. -According to Democritus, there is also a stone called belus, -and found at Arbela; it is about the size of a walnut, and -looks<a id="FNanchor_3246_3246"></a><a href="#Footnote_3246_3246" class="fnanchor">3246</a> like glass. Baroptenus or barippe is black, and covered -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_444">444</a></span>with knots of a white and blood-red colour: the use of it as -an amulet is avoided, as being apt to produce monstrosities.</p> - -<p>Botryitis<a id="FNanchor_3247_3247"></a><a href="#Footnote_3247_3247" class="fnanchor">3247</a> is sometimes black and sometimes purple-red,<a id="FNanchor_3248_3248"></a><a href="#Footnote_3248_3248" class="fnanchor">3248</a> -and resembles a bunch of grapes<a id="FNanchor_3249_3249"></a><a href="#Footnote_3249_3249" class="fnanchor">3249</a> in form, when making its -first appearance. Zoroaster says, that bostrychitis<a id="FNanchor_3250_3250"></a><a href="#Footnote_3250_3250" class="fnanchor">3250</a> is a stone -which is more like the hair of females than anything else. -Bucardia<a id="FNanchor_3251_3251"></a><a href="#Footnote_3251_3251" class="fnanchor">3251</a> resembles an ox-heart in appearance, and is only -found at Babylon. Brontea<a id="FNanchor_3252_3252"></a><a href="#Footnote_3252_3252" class="fnanchor">3252</a> is a stone like the head of a -tortoise, which falls with thunder, it is supposed: if too, we -are to believe what is said, it has the property of quenching -the fire in objects that have been struck by lightning. Bolos<a id="FNanchor_3253_3253"></a><a href="#Footnote_3253_3253" class="fnanchor">3253</a> -is the name of a stone found in Iberia,<a id="FNanchor_3254_3254"></a><a href="#Footnote_3254_3254" class="fnanchor">3254</a> similar to a clod of -earth in appearance.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_56"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 56.—CADMITIS. CALLAIS. CAPNITIS. CAPPADOCIA. CALLAICA. -CATOCHITIS. CATOPTRITIS. CEPITIS OR CEPOLATITIS. -CERAMITIS. CINÆDIA. CERITIS. CIRCOS. CORSOÏDES. CORALLOACHATES. -CORALLIS. CRATERITIS. CROCALLIS. CYITIS. -CHALCOPHONOS. CHELIDONIA. CHELONIA. CHELONITIS. CHLORITIS. -CHOASPITIS. CHRYSOLAMPIS. CHRYSOPIS. CEPONIDES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Cadmitis differs only from the stone that is known as -ostracitis<a id="FNanchor_3255_3255"></a><a href="#Footnote_3255_3255" class="fnanchor">3255</a> in being sometimes surrounded with blisters of an -azure colour. Callais<a id="FNanchor_3256_3256"></a><a href="#Footnote_3256_3256" class="fnanchor">3256</a> is like sapphiros<a id="FNanchor_3257_3257"></a><a href="#Footnote_3257_3257" class="fnanchor">3257</a> in colour, only -that it is paler and more closely resembles the tint of the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_445">445</a></span>water near the sea-shore in appearance. Capnitis,<a id="FNanchor_3258_3258"></a><a href="#Footnote_3258_3258" class="fnanchor">3258</a> in the -opinion of some, is a peculiar species of stone: it is covered -with numerous spiral streaks, of a smoky colour, as already<a id="FNanchor_3259_3259"></a><a href="#Footnote_3259_3259" class="fnanchor">3259</a> -stated in the appropriate place. Cappadocia<a id="FNanchor_3260_3260"></a><a href="#Footnote_3260_3260" class="fnanchor">3260</a> is a native of -Phrygia, and resembles ivory in appearance. Callaica<a id="FNanchor_3261_3261"></a><a href="#Footnote_3261_3261" class="fnanchor">3261</a> is -the name given to a stone like a clouded callaina;<a id="FNanchor_3262_3262"></a><a href="#Footnote_3262_3262" class="fnanchor">3262</a> a number -of them are always found united, it is said. Catochitis<a id="FNanchor_3263_3263"></a><a href="#Footnote_3263_3263" class="fnanchor">3263</a> is a -stone found in Corsica, of larger size than the other precious -stones; and of a more wonderful nature, if the story is true, -that it retains the hand like gum, when placed upon it. Catoptritis<a id="FNanchor_3264_3264"></a><a href="#Footnote_3264_3264" class="fnanchor">3264</a> -is found in Cappadocia, and, from its whiteness, reflects -figures like a mirror. Cepitis<a id="FNanchor_3265_3265"></a><a href="#Footnote_3265_3265" class="fnanchor">3265</a> or cepolatitis is a white stone, -with veins upon it uniting together. Ceramitis<a id="FNanchor_3266_3266"></a><a href="#Footnote_3266_3266" class="fnanchor">3266</a> has a colour -like that of earthenware.</p> - -<p>Cinædia<a id="FNanchor_3267_3267"></a><a href="#Footnote_3267_3267" class="fnanchor">3267</a> is a stone found in the brain of a fish<a id="FNanchor_3268_3268"></a><a href="#Footnote_3268_3268" class="fnanchor">3268</a> of a corresponding -name. It is white and oblong, and possessed of marvellous -virtues, if we are to put faith in what is said, that it -announces before-hand whether the sea will be tranquil or -stormy.<a id="FNanchor_3269_3269"></a><a href="#Footnote_3269_3269" class="fnanchor">3269</a> Ceritis<a id="FNanchor_3270_3270"></a><a href="#Footnote_3270_3270" class="fnanchor">3270</a> is a stone like wax: circos<a id="FNanchor_3271_3271"></a><a href="#Footnote_3271_3271" class="fnanchor">3271</a> resembles the -plumage of the hawk: corsoides<a id="FNanchor_3272_3272"></a><a href="#Footnote_3272_3272" class="fnanchor">3272</a> is like white hair in appearance. -Coralloachates<a id="FNanchor_3273_3273"></a><a href="#Footnote_3273_3273" class="fnanchor">3273</a> is very similar to coral, marked with -drops of gold; and corallis, a native of India and Syene, resembles -minium<a id="FNanchor_3274_3274"></a><a href="#Footnote_3274_3274" class="fnanchor">3274</a> in appearance. Crateritis<a id="FNanchor_3275_3275"></a><a href="#Footnote_3275_3275" class="fnanchor">3275</a> is in colour a -medium between chrysolithos<a id="FNanchor_3276_3276"></a><a href="#Footnote_3276_3276" class="fnanchor">3276</a> and amber, and is remarkable -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_446">446</a></span>for its hardness. Crocallis<a id="FNanchor_3277_3277"></a><a href="#Footnote_3277_3277" class="fnanchor">3277</a> is a gem like the cherry in its -tints. Cyitis<a id="FNanchor_3278_3278"></a><a href="#Footnote_3278_3278" class="fnanchor">3278</a> is a stone found in the vicinity of Coptos; it is -white, and to all appearance has an embryo stone within, -the rattling of which may be heard on shaking it. Chalcophonos<a id="FNanchor_3279_3279"></a><a href="#Footnote_3279_3279" class="fnanchor">3279</a> -is a black stone, but when struck it clinks like brass: -tragic actors are recommended to carry it about them. Of -chelidonia<a id="FNanchor_3280_3280"></a><a href="#Footnote_3280_3280" class="fnanchor">3280</a> there are two varieties, both resembling the swallow -in colour: one of them is purple on one side, and the -other is purple besprinkled with black spots. Chelonia<a id="FNanchor_3281_3281"></a><a href="#Footnote_3281_3281" class="fnanchor">3281</a> is the -eye of the Indian tortoise, and is the most marvellous of all the -stones, if we believe the lying stories told by the magicians. -For, according to them, this stone, placed upon the tongue after -rinsing the mouth with honey, will ensure power of divination, -if this is done at full moon or new moon, for one whole -day. If, however, this plan is adopted while the moon is on -the increase, the power of divination will be acquired before -sun-rise only, and if upon other days, from the first<a id="FNanchor_3282_3282"></a><a href="#Footnote_3282_3282" class="fnanchor">3282</a> hour to -the sixth.</p> - -<p>Chelonitis,<a id="FNanchor_3283_3283"></a><a href="#Footnote_3283_3283" class="fnanchor">3283</a> too, is a stone that resembles the tortoise<a id="FNanchor_3284_3284"></a><a href="#Footnote_3284_3284" class="fnanchor">3284</a> in -appearance, and the many virtues of which are talked of for -calming storms and tempests. As to the one that has all the -appearance of being sprinkled with spots of gold, if thrown -with a scarabæus into boiling water, it will raise a tempest, -they say. Chloritis<a id="FNanchor_3285_3285"></a><a href="#Footnote_3285_3285" class="fnanchor">3285</a> is a stone of a grass-green colour: according -to the magicians, it is found in the crop of the motacilla,<a id="FNanchor_3286_3286"></a><a href="#Footnote_3286_3286" class="fnanchor">3286</a> -being engendered with the bird. They recommend -also that it should be set in iron, for the purpose of working -certain portentous marvels which they promise, as usual. -Choaspitis is a stone so called from the river Choaspes,<a id="FNanchor_3287_3287"></a><a href="#Footnote_3287_3287" class="fnanchor">3287</a> of a -brilliant, golden colour mixed with green. Chrysolampis<a id="FNanchor_3288_3288"></a><a href="#Footnote_3288_3288" class="fnanchor">3288</a> is a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_447">447</a></span>native of Æthiopia, and is pale by day, but of a fiery lustre by -night. Chrysopis<a id="FNanchor_3289_3289"></a><a href="#Footnote_3289_3289" class="fnanchor">3289</a> has all the appearance of gold.<a id="FNanchor_3290_3290"></a><a href="#Footnote_3290_3290" class="fnanchor">3290</a> Ceponides<a id="FNanchor_3291_3291"></a><a href="#Footnote_3291_3291" class="fnanchor">3291</a> -is found at Atarna, a borough, and once a city, of Æolis. It -is transparent, presents numerous tints, and has sometimes the -appearance of glass, sometimes of crystal, and sometimes of -iaspis. Indeed, the stones of this kind that are tarnished even, -are possessed of such singular brilliancy as to reflect objects -like a mirror.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_57"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 57.—DAPHNEA. DIADOCHOS. DIPHYES. DIONYSIAS. -DRACONITIS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Daphnea<a id="FNanchor_3292_3292"></a><a href="#Footnote_3292_3292" class="fnanchor">3292</a> is mentioned by Zoroaster as curative of epilepsy. -Diadochos<a id="FNanchor_3293_3293"></a><a href="#Footnote_3293_3293" class="fnanchor">3293</a> is a stone that resembles the beryl. Of diphyes<a id="FNanchor_3294_3294"></a><a href="#Footnote_3294_3294" class="fnanchor">3294</a> -there are two kinds, the white and the black, male and female, -with a line dividing the characteristics of either sex. Dionysias<a id="FNanchor_3295_3295"></a><a href="#Footnote_3295_3295" class="fnanchor">3295</a> -is hard and black, and covered with red spots. Triturated in -water, this stone imparts to it the flavour of wine, and it is -generally thought to be a preservative against intoxication. -Draconitis<a id="FNanchor_3296_3296"></a><a href="#Footnote_3296_3296" class="fnanchor">3296</a> or dracontia is a stone produced from the brain of -the dragon;<a id="FNanchor_3297_3297"></a><a href="#Footnote_3297_3297" class="fnanchor">3297</a> but unless the head of the animal is cut off -while it is alive, the stone will not assume the form of a gem, -through spite on the part of the serpent, when finding itself at -the point of death: hence it is that, for this purpose, the head -is cut off when it is asleep.<a id="FNanchor_3298_3298"></a><a href="#Footnote_3298_3298" class="fnanchor">3298</a></p> - -<p>Sotacus, who tells us that he once saw a stone of this kind in -the possession of a king, says that persons go in search of it in -a chariot drawn by two horses; and that, the moment they see -the serpent, they strew narcotic drugs in its way, and then cut -off its head when asleep. According to him, this stone is -white and pellucid, and admits of no polishing or engraving.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_448">448</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_58"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 58.—ENCARDIA OR ARISTE. ENORCHIS. EXEBENUS. ERYTHALLIS. -EROTYLOS. AMPHICOMOS, OR HIEROMNEMON. EUMECES. -EUMITHRES. EUPETALOS. EUREOS. EUROTIAS. EUSEBES. EPIMELAS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The stone encardia<a id="FNanchor_3299_3299"></a><a href="#Footnote_3299_3299" class="fnanchor">3299</a> is also called “ariste.”<a id="FNanchor_3300_3300"></a><a href="#Footnote_3300_3300" class="fnanchor">3300</a> There are three -varieties of it; one of a black colour, with a figure in relief -upon it like a heart; a second of a green colour, and like a heart -in shape; and a third, with a black heart upon it, the rest of -the stone being white. Enorchis<a id="FNanchor_3301_3301"></a><a href="#Footnote_3301_3301" class="fnanchor">3301</a> is a white stone, the fragments -of which, when it is split asunder, resemble the testes -in shape. Exebenus, Zoroaster tells us, is a white, handsome -stone, employed by goldsmiths for polishing gold. Erythallis,<a id="FNanchor_3302_3302"></a><a href="#Footnote_3302_3302" class="fnanchor">3302</a> -though a white stone, assumes a red hue when viewed at an -inclined angle. Erotylos,<a id="FNanchor_3303_3303"></a><a href="#Footnote_3303_3303" class="fnanchor">3303</a> also known as “amphicomos”<a id="FNanchor_3304_3304"></a><a href="#Footnote_3304_3304" class="fnanchor">3304</a> -and “hieromnemon,”<a id="FNanchor_3305_3305"></a><a href="#Footnote_3305_3305" class="fnanchor">3305</a> is highly praised by Democritus for its -use in the art of divination.</p> - -<p>Eumeces<a id="FNanchor_3306_3306"></a><a href="#Footnote_3306_3306" class="fnanchor">3306</a> is a stone of Bactriana, like silex in appearance; -placed beneath the head, it produces visions in the night of an -oracular description. Eumithres<a id="FNanchor_3307_3307"></a><a href="#Footnote_3307_3307" class="fnanchor">3307</a> is called by the Assyrians -“gem of Belus,”<a id="FNanchor_3308_3308"></a><a href="#Footnote_3308_3308" class="fnanchor">3308</a> the most sacred of all their gods; it is of a -leek-green colour, and greatly in request for superstitious purposes. -Eupetalos<a id="FNanchor_3309_3309"></a><a href="#Footnote_3309_3309" class="fnanchor">3309</a> is a stone that has four different tints, -azure, fiery, vermilion, and apple-colour. Eureos<a id="FNanchor_3310_3310"></a><a href="#Footnote_3310_3310" class="fnanchor">3310</a> is similar -to an olive-stone in form, streaked like a shell, and moderately -white. Eurotias<a id="FNanchor_3311_3311"></a><a href="#Footnote_3311_3311" class="fnanchor">3311</a> has all the appearance of concealing its -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_449">449</a></span>black colour beneath a coat of mould. Eusebes<a id="FNanchor_3312_3312"></a><a href="#Footnote_3312_3312" class="fnanchor">3312</a> is the stone, -it is said, of which the seat was made in the Temple of -Hercules at Tyrus, from which the pious [only] could raise -themselves without difficulty. Epimelas<a id="FNanchor_3313_3313"></a><a href="#Footnote_3313_3313" class="fnanchor">3313</a> is a white gem, -with a black hue reflected from its surface.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_59"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 59.—GALAXIAS. GALACTITIS, LEUCOGÆA, LEUCOGRAPHITIS, -OR SYNNEPHITIS. GALLAICA. GASSINADE. GLOSSOPETRA. GORGONIA. -GONIÆA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Galaxias,<a id="FNanchor_3314_3314"></a><a href="#Footnote_3314_3314" class="fnanchor">3314</a> by some called “galactitis,”<a id="FNanchor_3315_3315"></a><a href="#Footnote_3315_3315" class="fnanchor">3315</a> is a stone that closely -resembles those next mentioned, but is interspersed with -veins of blood-red or white. Galactitis<a id="FNanchor_3316_3316"></a><a href="#Footnote_3316_3316" class="fnanchor">3316</a> is of the uniform -colour of milk; other names given to it are, leucogæa,<a id="FNanchor_3317_3317"></a><a href="#Footnote_3317_3317" class="fnanchor">3317</a> leucographitis,<a id="FNanchor_3318_3318"></a><a href="#Footnote_3318_3318" class="fnanchor">3318</a> -and synnephitis,<a id="FNanchor_3319_3319"></a><a href="#Footnote_3319_3319" class="fnanchor">3319</a> and, when pounded in water, -both in taste and colour it marvellously resembles milk. This -stone promotes the secretion of the milk in nursing women, it -is said; in addition to which, attached to the neck of infants, it -produces saliva, and it dissolves when put into the mouth. -They say, too, that it deprives persons of their memory: it is -in the rivers Nilus and Acheloüs that it is produced. Some -persons give the name of “galactitis” to a smaragdus surrounded -with veins of white. Gallaica is a stone like argyrodamas,<a id="FNanchor_3320_3320"></a><a href="#Footnote_3320_3320" class="fnanchor">3320</a> -but of a somewhat more soiled appearance; these stones are -found in twos and threes clustered together. The people of -Media send us gassinade,<a id="FNanchor_3321_3321"></a><a href="#Footnote_3321_3321" class="fnanchor">3321</a> a stone like orobus in colour, and -sprinkled with flowers, as it were: it is found at Arbela. -This stone, too, conceives,<a id="FNanchor_3322_3322"></a><a href="#Footnote_3322_3322" class="fnanchor">3322</a> it is said; a fact which it admits -when shaken; the conception lasting for a period of three -months. Glossopetra,<a id="FNanchor_3323_3323"></a><a href="#Footnote_3323_3323" class="fnanchor">3323</a> which resembles the human tongue, is -not engendered, it is said, in the earth, but falls from the -heavens during the moon’s eclipse; it is considered highly necessary -for the purposes of selenomancy.<a id="FNanchor_3324_3324"></a><a href="#Footnote_3324_3324" class="fnanchor">3324</a> To render all this -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_450">450</a></span>however, still more incredible, we have the evident untruthfulness -of one assertion made about it, that it has the property of -silencing the winds. Gorgonia<a id="FNanchor_3325_3325"></a><a href="#Footnote_3325_3325" class="fnanchor">3325</a> is nothing but a coral, which -has been thus named from the circumstance that, though soft -in the sea, it afterwards assumes the hardness of stone: it has -the property of counteracting fascinations,<a id="FNanchor_3326_3326"></a><a href="#Footnote_3326_3326" class="fnanchor">3326</a> it is said. Goniæa,<a id="FNanchor_3327_3327"></a><a href="#Footnote_3327_3327" class="fnanchor">3327</a> -it is asserted, and with the same degree of untruthfulness, -ensures vengeance upon our enemies.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_60"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 60.—HELIOTROPIUM. HEPHÆSTITIS. HERMUAIDOION. HEXECONTALITHOS. -HIERACITIS. HAMMITIS. HAMMONIS CORNU. -HORMISCION. HYÆNIA. HÆMATITIS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Heliotropium<a id="FNanchor_3328_3328"></a><a href="#Footnote_3328_3328" class="fnanchor">3328</a> is found in Æthiopia, Africa, and Cyprus: -it is of a leek-green colour, streaked with blood-red veins. It -has been thus named,<a id="FNanchor_3329_3329"></a><a href="#Footnote_3329_3329" class="fnanchor">3329</a> from the circumstance that, if placed -in a vessel of water and exposed to the full light of the sun, -it changes to a reflected colour like that of blood; this being -the case with the stone of Æthiopia more particularly. Out -of the water, too, it reflects the figure of the sun like a mirror, -and it discovers eclipses of that luminary by showing the -moon passing over its disk. In the use of this stone, also, we -have a most glaring illustration of the impudent effrontery -of the adepts in magic, for they say that, if it is combined with -the plant<a id="FNanchor_3330_3330"></a><a href="#Footnote_3330_3330" class="fnanchor">3330</a> heliotropium, and certain incantations are then repeated -over it, it will render the person invisible who carries -it about him.</p> - -<p>Hephæstitis<a id="FNanchor_3331_3331"></a><a href="#Footnote_3331_3331" class="fnanchor">3331</a> also, though a radiant stone, partakes of the -properties of a mirror in reflecting objects. The mode of -testing it is to put it into boiling water, which should immediately -become cold. If exposed to the rays of the sun, it -should instantly cause dry fuel to ignite:<a id="FNanchor_3332_3332"></a><a href="#Footnote_3332_3332" class="fnanchor">3332</a> Corycus<a id="FNanchor_3333_3333"></a><a href="#Footnote_3333_3333" class="fnanchor">3333</a> is the -place where it is found. Hermuaidoion<a id="FNanchor_3334_3334"></a><a href="#Footnote_3334_3334" class="fnanchor">3334</a> is so called from the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_451">451</a></span>resemblance to the male organs which it presents, on a ground -that is sometimes white, sometimes black, and sometimes of -a pallid hue, with a circle surrounding it of a golden colour. -Hexecontalithos<a id="FNanchor_3335_3335"></a><a href="#Footnote_3335_3335" class="fnanchor">3335</a> receives its name from the numerous variety -of colours which, small as it is, it presents: it is found in -Troglodytica.<a id="FNanchor_3336_3336"></a><a href="#Footnote_3336_3336" class="fnanchor">3336</a> Hieracitis<a id="FNanchor_3337_3337"></a><a href="#Footnote_3337_3337" class="fnanchor">3337</a> is entirely covered with mottled -streaks, resembling a kite’s feathers alternately with black. -Hammitis<a id="FNanchor_3338_3338"></a><a href="#Footnote_3338_3338" class="fnanchor">3338</a> is similar in appearance to the spawn of fish: there -is also one variety of it which has all the appearance of being -composed of nitre,<a id="FNanchor_3339_3339"></a><a href="#Footnote_3339_3339" class="fnanchor">3339</a> except that it is remarkably hard. Hammonis -cornu<a id="FNanchor_3340_3340"></a><a href="#Footnote_3340_3340" class="fnanchor">3340</a> is reckoned among the most sacred gems of -Æthiopia; it is of a golden colour, like a ram’s horn in shape, -and ensures prophetic dreams, it is said.</p> - -<p>Hormiscion<a id="FNanchor_3341_3341"></a><a href="#Footnote_3341_3341" class="fnanchor">3341</a> is one of the most pleasing stones to the sight; -it is of a fiery colour, and emits rays like gold, tipped at the -extremity with a whitish light. Hyænia<a id="FNanchor_3342_3342"></a><a href="#Footnote_3342_3342" class="fnanchor">3342</a> is derived from the -eyes of the hyæna, it is said, the animal being hunted to obtain -it; placed beneath the tongue, if we believe the story, -it will enable a person to prophesy the future. Hæmatitis,<a id="FNanchor_3343_3343"></a><a href="#Footnote_3343_3343" class="fnanchor">3343</a> -of the very finest quality, comes from Æthiopia, but it is found -in Arabia and Africa as well. It is a stone of a blood-red -colour, and we must not omit to mention the assurance given -[by the magicians], that the possession of it reveals treacherous -designs on the part of the barbarians. Zachalias of Babylon, -in the books which he dedicated to King Mithridates, attributing -the destinies of man to certain properties innate in -precious stones, is not content with vaunting the merits of this -stone as curative of diseases of the eyes and liver, but recommends -it also as ensuring success to petitions addressed to -kings. He also makes it play its part in lawsuits and judgments, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_452">452</a></span>and even goes so far as to say that it is highly beneficial -to be rubbed with it on the field of battle. There is another -stone of the same class, called “menui” by the people of -India, and “xanthos”<a id="FNanchor_3344_3344"></a><a href="#Footnote_3344_3344" class="fnanchor">3344</a> by the Greeks: it is of a whitish, tawny -colour.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_61"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 61.—IDÆI DACTYLI. ICTERIAS. JOVIS GEMMA. INDICA. -ION.</span></h3></div> - -<p>The stones called Idæi dactyli,<a id="FNanchor_3345_3345"></a><a href="#Footnote_3345_3345" class="fnanchor">3345</a> and found in Crete, are of -an iron colour, and resemble the human thumb in shape. The -colour of icterias<a id="FNanchor_3346_3346"></a><a href="#Footnote_3346_3346" class="fnanchor">3346</a> resembles that of livid skin, and hence it -is that it has been thought so excellent a remedy for jaundice. -There is also another stone of this name, of a still more livid -colour; while a third has all the appearance of a leaf. This -last is broader than the others, almost imponderous, and streaked -with livid veins. A fourth kind again is of the same colour, -but blacker, and marked all over with livid veins. Jovis -gemma<a id="FNanchor_3347_3347"></a><a href="#Footnote_3347_3347" class="fnanchor">3347</a> is a white stone, very light, and soft: another name -given to it is “drosolithos.”<a id="FNanchor_3348_3348"></a><a href="#Footnote_3348_3348" class="fnanchor">3348</a> Indica<a id="FNanchor_3349_3349"></a><a href="#Footnote_3349_3349" class="fnanchor">3349</a> retains the name of -the country that produces it: it is a stone of a reddish colour, -and yields a purple liquid<a id="FNanchor_3350_3350"></a><a href="#Footnote_3350_3350" class="fnanchor">3350</a> when rubbed. There is another -stone also of this name, white, and of a dusty appearance. -Ion<a id="FNanchor_3351_3351"></a><a href="#Footnote_3351_3351" class="fnanchor">3351</a> is an Indian stone, of a violet tint: it is but rarely, -however, that it is found of a deep, full, colour.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_62"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 62.—LEPIDOTIS. LESBIAS. LEUCOPHTHALMOS. LEUCOPŒCILOS. -LIBANOCHRUS. LIMONIATIS. LIPAREA. LYSIMACHOS. -LEUCOCHRYSOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Lepidotis<a id="FNanchor_3352_3352"></a><a href="#Footnote_3352_3352" class="fnanchor">3352</a> is a stone of various colours, and resembles the -scales of fish in appearance. Lesbias, so called from Lesbos -which produces it, is a stone found in India as well. Leucophthalmos,<a id="FNanchor_3353_3353"></a><a href="#Footnote_3353_3353" class="fnanchor">3353</a> -which in other respects is of a reddish hue, -presents all the appearance of an eye, in white and black. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_453">453</a></span>Leucopœcilos<a id="FNanchor_3354_3354"></a><a href="#Footnote_3354_3354" class="fnanchor">3354</a> is white, variegated with drops of vermilion of -a golden hue. Libanochrus<a id="FNanchor_3355_3355"></a><a href="#Footnote_3355_3355" class="fnanchor">3355</a> strongly resembles frankincense, -and yields a liquid like honey. Limoniatis<a id="FNanchor_3356_3356"></a><a href="#Footnote_3356_3356" class="fnanchor">3356</a> would appear to -be the same as smaragdus; and all that we find said about -liparea<a id="FNanchor_3357_3357"></a><a href="#Footnote_3357_3357" class="fnanchor">3357</a> is, that employed in the form of a fumigation, it allures -all kinds of wild beasts. Lysimachos resembles Rhodian -marble, with veins of gold: in polishing it, it is reduced very -considerably in size, in order to remove all defects. Leucochrysos<a id="FNanchor_3358_3358"></a><a href="#Footnote_3358_3358" class="fnanchor">3358</a> -is a kind of chrysolithos interspersed with white.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_63"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 63.—MEMNONIA. MEDIA. MECONITIS. MITHRAX. MOROCHTHOS. -MORMORION OR PROMNION. MURRHITIS. MYRMECIAS. -MYRSINITIS. MESOLEUCOS. MESOMELAS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>What kind of stone memnonia<a id="FNanchor_3359_3359"></a><a href="#Footnote_3359_3359" class="fnanchor">3359</a> is, we do not find mentioned. -Medea<a id="FNanchor_3360_3360"></a><a href="#Footnote_3360_3360" class="fnanchor">3360</a> is a black stone, said to have been discovered -by the Medea<a id="FNanchor_3361_3361"></a><a href="#Footnote_3361_3361" class="fnanchor">3361</a> of fable: it has veins of a golden lustre, and -yields a liquid like saffron in colour and with a vinous flavour. -Meconitis<a id="FNanchor_3362_3362"></a><a href="#Footnote_3362_3362" class="fnanchor">3362</a> strongly resembles poppies. Mithrax<a id="FNanchor_3363_3363"></a><a href="#Footnote_3363_3363" class="fnanchor">3363</a> comes from -Persia and the mountains of the Red Sea: it is of numerous -colours, and reflects various tints when exposed to the sun.<a id="FNanchor_3364_3364"></a><a href="#Footnote_3364_3364" class="fnanchor">3364</a> -Morochthos<a id="FNanchor_3365_3365"></a><a href="#Footnote_3365_3365" class="fnanchor">3365</a> is a stone of a leek-green colour, from which a milk -exudes. Mormorion<a id="FNanchor_3366_3366"></a><a href="#Footnote_3366_3366" class="fnanchor">3366</a> is a transparent stone from India, of a -deep black colour, and known also as “promnion.” When it -has a mixture of the colour<a id="FNanchor_3367_3367"></a><a href="#Footnote_3367_3367" class="fnanchor">3367</a> of carbunculus, it is from Alexandria; -and when it shares that of sarda,<a id="FNanchor_3368_3368"></a><a href="#Footnote_3368_3368" class="fnanchor">3368</a> it is a native of -Cyprus. It is found also at Tyrus and in Galatia; and, according -to Xenocrates, it has been discovered at the foot of the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_454">454</a></span>Alps. These stones are well adapted for cutting in relief.<a id="FNanchor_3369_3369"></a><a href="#Footnote_3369_3369" class="fnanchor">3369</a> -Murrhitis<a id="FNanchor_3370_3370"></a><a href="#Footnote_3370_3370" class="fnanchor">3370</a> has just the colour of myrrh, and very little of -the appearance of a gem: it has the odour also of an unguent, -and smells like nard when rubbed. Myrmecias<a id="FNanchor_3371_3371"></a><a href="#Footnote_3371_3371" class="fnanchor">3371</a> is black, and -has excrescences upon it like warts. Myrsinitis<a id="FNanchor_3372_3372"></a><a href="#Footnote_3372_3372" class="fnanchor">3372</a> has a colour -like that of honey, and the smell of myrtle. “Mesoleucos”<a id="FNanchor_3373_3373"></a><a href="#Footnote_3373_3373" class="fnanchor">3373</a> -is the name given to a stone when a white line runs through -the middle; and when a black vein intersects any other colour, -it is called “mesomelas.”<a id="FNanchor_3374_3374"></a><a href="#Footnote_3374_3374" class="fnanchor">3374</a></p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_64"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 64.—NASAMONITIS. NEBRITIS. NIPPARENE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Nasamonitis is a blood-red stone, marked with black veins. -Nebritis, a stone sacred to Father Liber,<a id="FNanchor_3375_3375"></a><a href="#Footnote_3375_3375" class="fnanchor">3375</a> has received its name -from its resemblance to a nebris.<a id="FNanchor_3376_3376"></a><a href="#Footnote_3376_3376" class="fnanchor">3376</a> There is also another stone -of this kind, that is black. Nipparene<a id="FNanchor_3377_3377"></a><a href="#Footnote_3377_3377" class="fnanchor">3377</a> bears the name of a -city and people of Persia, and resembles the teeth of the hippopotamus.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_65"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 65.—OICA. OMBRIA OR NOTIA. ONOCARDIA. ORITIS OR -SIDERITIS. OSTRACIAS. OSTRITIS. OPHICARDELON. OBSIAN -STONE.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Oica is the barbarian name given to a stone which is pleasing -for its colours, black, reddish yellow, green, and white. -Ombria,<a id="FNanchor_3378_3378"></a><a href="#Footnote_3378_3378" class="fnanchor">3378</a> by some called “notia,”<a id="FNanchor_3379_3379"></a><a href="#Footnote_3379_3379" class="fnanchor">3379</a> falls with showers and -lightning, much in the same manner as ceraunia<a id="FNanchor_3380_3380"></a><a href="#Footnote_3380_3380" class="fnanchor">3380</a> and brontea,<a id="FNanchor_3381_3381"></a><a href="#Footnote_3381_3381" class="fnanchor">3381</a> -the properties of which it is said to possess. There is a -statement also, that if this stone is placed upon altars it will -prevent the offerings from being consumed. Onocardia<a id="FNanchor_3382_3382"></a><a href="#Footnote_3382_3382" class="fnanchor">3382</a> is -like kermesberry in appearance, but nothing further is said -about it. Oritis,<a id="FNanchor_3383_3383"></a><a href="#Footnote_3383_3383" class="fnanchor">3383</a> by some called “sideritis,”<a id="FNanchor_3384_3384"></a><a href="#Footnote_3384_3384" class="fnanchor">3384</a> is a stone of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_455">455</a></span>globular form, and proof against the action of fire. Ostracias,<a id="FNanchor_3385_3385"></a><a href="#Footnote_3385_3385" class="fnanchor">3385</a> -or ostracitis, is a testaceous stone, harder than ceramitis,<a id="FNanchor_3386_3386"></a><a href="#Footnote_3386_3386" class="fnanchor">3386</a> and -similar in all respects to achates,<a id="FNanchor_3387_3387"></a><a href="#Footnote_3387_3387" class="fnanchor">3387</a> except that the latter has -an unctuous appearance when polished: indeed, so remarkably -hard is ostracitis, that with fragments of it other gems are -engraved. Ostritis<a id="FNanchor_3388_3388"></a><a href="#Footnote_3388_3388" class="fnanchor">3388</a> receives its name from its resemblance to -an oyster-shell. Ophicardelon is the barbarian name for a -stone of a black colour, terminated by a white line on either -side. Of Obsian<a id="FNanchor_3389_3389"></a><a href="#Footnote_3389_3389" class="fnanchor">3389</a> stone we have already spoken in the preceding -Book. There are gems, too, of the same name and -colour, found not only in Æthiopia and India, but in Samnium -as well, and, in the opinion of some, upon the Spanish shores -that lie towards the Ocean.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_66"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 66.—PANCHRUS. PANGONUS. PANEROS OR PANERASTOS. -PONTICA; FOUR VARIETIES OF IT. PHLOGINOS OR CHRYSITIS. -PHŒNICITIS. PHYCITIS. PERILEUCOS. PÆNITIS OR GÆANIS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Panchrus<a id="FNanchor_3390_3390"></a><a href="#Footnote_3390_3390" class="fnanchor">3390</a> is a stone which displays nearly every colour. -Pangonus<a id="FNanchor_3391_3391"></a><a href="#Footnote_3391_3391" class="fnanchor">3391</a> is no longer than the finger: the only thing that -prevents it from being taken for a crystal, is, its greater number -of angles. What kind of stone paneros<a id="FNanchor_3392_3392"></a><a href="#Footnote_3392_3392" class="fnanchor">3392</a> is, Metrodorus does -not inform us; but he gives some lines, by no means without -elegance, that were written upon this stone by Queen Timaris, -and dedicated to Venus; from which we have reason to conclude -that certain fecundating virtues were attributed to it. By -some writers it is called panerastos.<a id="FNanchor_3393_3393"></a><a href="#Footnote_3393_3393" class="fnanchor">3393</a> Of the stone called -“pontica”<a id="FNanchor_3394_3394"></a><a href="#Footnote_3394_3394" class="fnanchor">3394</a> there are numerous varieties: one is stellated, and -presents either blood-red spots, or drops like gold, being reckoned -in the number of the sacred stones. Another, in place of -stars, has streaks of the same colour, and a fourth presents all -the appearance of mountains and valleys.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_456">456</a></span>Phloginos,<a id="FNanchor_3395_3395"></a><a href="#Footnote_3395_3395" class="fnanchor">3395</a> also called “chrysitis,”<a id="FNanchor_3396_3396"></a><a href="#Footnote_3396_3396" class="fnanchor">3396</a> strongly resembles -Attic ochre,<a id="FNanchor_3397_3397"></a><a href="#Footnote_3397_3397" class="fnanchor">3397</a> and is found in Egypt. Phœnicitis<a id="FNanchor_3398_3398"></a><a href="#Footnote_3398_3398" class="fnanchor">3398</a> is a stone -so called from its resemblance to a date. Phycitis receives its -name from its resemblance to sea-weed.<a id="FNanchor_3399_3399"></a><a href="#Footnote_3399_3399" class="fnanchor">3399</a> Perileucos<a id="FNanchor_3400_3400"></a><a href="#Footnote_3400_3400" class="fnanchor">3400</a> is the -name given to a gem, in which a white colour runs down from -the margin of the stone to the base. Pæanitis,<a id="FNanchor_3401_3401"></a><a href="#Footnote_3401_3401" class="fnanchor">3401</a> by some called -“gæanis,”<a id="FNanchor_3402_3402"></a><a href="#Footnote_3402_3402" class="fnanchor">3402</a> conceives, it is said, and is good for females -at the time of parturition: this stone is found in Macedonia, -near the monument<a id="FNanchor_3403_3403"></a><a href="#Footnote_3403_3403" class="fnanchor">3403</a> of Tiresias there, and has all the appearance -of congealed water.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_67"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 67.—SOLIS GEMMA. SAGDA. SAMOTHRACIA. SAURITIS. -SARCITIS. SELENITIS. SIDERITIS. SIDEROPŒCILOS. SPONGITIS. -SYNODONTITIS. SYRTITIS. SYRINGITIS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Solis gemma<a id="FNanchor_3404_3404"></a><a href="#Footnote_3404_3404" class="fnanchor">3404</a> is white, and, like the luminary from which -it takes its name, emits brilliant rays in a circular form. Sagda -is found by the people of Chaldæa adhering to ships, and is of -a leek-green colour. The Isle of Samothrace gives its name to -a stone<a id="FNanchor_3405_3405"></a><a href="#Footnote_3405_3405" class="fnanchor">3405</a> which it produces, black and imponderous, and similar -to wood in appearance. Sauritis<a id="FNanchor_3406_3406"></a><a href="#Footnote_3406_3406" class="fnanchor">3406</a> is found, they say, in the belly -of the green lizard, cut asunder with a reed. Sarcitis<a id="FNanchor_3407_3407"></a><a href="#Footnote_3407_3407" class="fnanchor">3407</a> is a stone, -like beef in appearance. Selenitis<a id="FNanchor_3408_3408"></a><a href="#Footnote_3408_3408" class="fnanchor">3408</a> is white and transparent, -with a reflected colour like that of honey. It has a figure -within it like that of the moon, and reflects the face of that -luminary, if what we are told is true, according to its phases, -day by day, whether on the wane or whether on the increase: -this stone is a native of Arabia, it is thought. Sideritis<a id="FNanchor_3409_3409"></a><a href="#Footnote_3409_3409" class="fnanchor">3409</a> is a -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_457">457</a></span>stone like iron, the presence of which in lawsuits creates discord. -Sideropœcilos,<a id="FNanchor_3410_3410"></a><a href="#Footnote_3410_3410" class="fnanchor">3410</a> which is a variety of the same stone, is -a native of Æthiopia, and is covered with variegated spots.</p> - -<p>Spongitis has its name from its resemblance to sponge. Synodontitis -is a stone found in the brain of the fish known as -“synodus.”<a id="FNanchor_3411_3411"></a><a href="#Footnote_3411_3411" class="fnanchor">3411</a> Syrtitis is a stone that used formerly to be -found on the shores of the Syrtes,<a id="FNanchor_3412_3412"></a><a href="#Footnote_3412_3412" class="fnanchor">3412</a> though now it is found on -the coasts of Lucania as well: it is of a honey colour, with a -reflected tint of saffron, and contains stars of a feeble lustre -within. Syringitis<a id="FNanchor_3413_3413"></a><a href="#Footnote_3413_3413" class="fnanchor">3413</a> is hollow throughout, like the space between -the two joints in a straw.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_68"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 68.—TRICHRUS. THELYRRHIZOS. THELYCARDIOS OR -MULC. THRACIA; THREE VARIETIES OF IT. TEPHRITIS. TECOLITHOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Trichrus<a id="FNanchor_3414_3414"></a><a href="#Footnote_3414_3414" class="fnanchor">3414</a> comes from Africa: it is of a black colour, but -yields three different liquids, black at the lower part, blood-red -in the middle, and of an ochre colour at the top. Thelyrrhizos<a id="FNanchor_3415_3415"></a><a href="#Footnote_3415_3415" class="fnanchor">3415</a> -is of an ashy or russet colour, but white at the lower -part. Thelycardios<a id="FNanchor_3416_3416"></a><a href="#Footnote_3416_3416" class="fnanchor">3416</a> is like a heart in colour, and is held in -high esteem by the people of Persia, in which country it is -found: the name given to it by them is “mulc.” Of thracia<a id="FNanchor_3417_3417"></a><a href="#Footnote_3417_3417" class="fnanchor">3417</a> -there are three varieties; a green stone, one of a more pallid -colour, and a third with spots like drops of blood. Tephritis<a id="FNanchor_3418_3418"></a><a href="#Footnote_3418_3418" class="fnanchor">3418</a> -is crescent-shaped, with horns like those of the new moon, but -it is of an ashy colour. Tecolithos<a id="FNanchor_3419_3419"></a><a href="#Footnote_3419_3419" class="fnanchor">3419</a> has all the appearance of -an olive stone: it is held in no estimation as a gem, but a -solution of it will break and expel urinary calculi.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_458">458</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_69"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 69.—VENERIS CRINES. VEIENTANA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Veneris crines<a id="FNanchor_3420_3420"></a><a href="#Footnote_3420_3420" class="fnanchor">3420</a> is the name given to a stone that is remarkably -black and shining, with an appearance like red hair within. -Veientana is an Italian stone, found at Veii: it is black, -divided by a line of white.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_70"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 70.—ZATHENE. ZMILAMPIS. ZORANISCÆA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Zathene, according to Democritus, is a native of Media. It -is like amber in colour, and, if beaten up with palm-wine and -saffron, it will become soft like wax, yielding a very fragrant -smell. Zmilampis is found in the river Euphrates: it resembles -marble of Proconnesus in appearance, and is of a sea-green -colour within. Zoraniscæa is found in the river Indus: -it is a stone used by magicians, it is said, but I find no further -particulars relative to it.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_71"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 71. (11.)—PRECIOUS STONES WHICH DERIVE THEIR NAMES -FROM VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY. HEPATITIS. STEATITIS. -ADADUNEPHROS. ADADUOPHTHALMOS. ADADUDACTYLOS. -TRIOPHTHALMOS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>There is also another method of classifying stones; according -to the resemblance which they bear to various other objects. -Thus, for example, the different parts of the body give the -following names to stones:—Hepatitis<a id="FNanchor_3421_3421"></a><a href="#Footnote_3421_3421" class="fnanchor">3421</a> is so called from the -liver; and steatitis<a id="FNanchor_3422_3422"></a><a href="#Footnote_3422_3422" class="fnanchor">3422</a> from its resemblance to the fat of various -animals. Adadunephros, adaduophthalmos, and adadudactylos, -mean “kidney of Adad,” “eye of Adad,” and “finger of -Adad,” a god<a id="FNanchor_3423_3423"></a><a href="#Footnote_3423_3423" class="fnanchor">3423</a> of the Syrians so called. Triophthalmos<a id="FNanchor_3424_3424"></a><a href="#Footnote_3424_3424" class="fnanchor">3424</a> is a -stone found in conjunction with onyx, which resembles three -human eyes at once.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_459">459</a></span></p> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_72"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 72.—PRECIOUS STONES WHICH DERIVE THEIR NAMES FROM -ANIMALS. CARCINIAS. ECHITIS. SCORPITIS. SCARITIS. TRIGLITIS. -ÆGOPHTHALMOS. HYOPHTHALMOS. GERANITIS. HIERACITIS. -AETITIS. MYRMECITIS. CANTHARIAS. LYCOPHTHALMOS. -TAOS. TIMICTONIA.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Other stones, again, derive their names from various animals. -Carcinias<a id="FNanchor_3425_3425"></a><a href="#Footnote_3425_3425" class="fnanchor">3425</a> is so called from the colour of the sea-crab; echitis,<a id="FNanchor_3426_3426"></a><a href="#Footnote_3426_3426" class="fnanchor">3426</a> -from the colour of the viper; scorpitis,<a id="FNanchor_3427_3427"></a><a href="#Footnote_3427_3427" class="fnanchor">3427</a> from either the colour -or the shape of the scorpion; scaritis, from the fish called -scarus;<a id="FNanchor_3428_3428"></a><a href="#Footnote_3428_3428" class="fnanchor">3428</a> triglitis, from the sur-mullet;<a id="FNanchor_3429_3429"></a><a href="#Footnote_3429_3429" class="fnanchor">3429</a> ægophthalmos, from -the eye of the goat; hyophthalmos, from the eye of the swine; -geranitis, from the neck of the crane; hieracitis, from the -neck of the hawk; and aëtitis, from the colour of the white-tailed -eagle. Myrmecitis<a id="FNanchor_3430_3430"></a><a href="#Footnote_3430_3430" class="fnanchor">3430</a> presents the appearance of an ant -crawling within, and cantharias,<a id="FNanchor_3431_3431"></a><a href="#Footnote_3431_3431" class="fnanchor">3431</a> of a scarabæus. Lycophthalmos<a id="FNanchor_3432_3432"></a><a href="#Footnote_3432_3432" class="fnanchor">3432</a> -is a stone of four different colours; on the exterior -it is ruddy and blood-red, and within it is black, surrounded -with a line of white, closely resembling the eye of the wolf in -every respect. Taos<a id="FNanchor_3433_3433"></a><a href="#Footnote_3433_3433" class="fnanchor">3433</a> is a stone with colours like those of the -peacock. Timictonia, I find, is the name of a stone, like the -asp in colour.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_73"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 73.—PRECIOUS STONES WHICH DERIVE THEIR NAMES PROM -OTHER OBJECTS. HAMMOCHRYSOS. CENCHRITIS. DRYITIS. CISSITIS. -NARCISSITIS. CYAMIAS. PYREN. PHŒNICITIS. CHALAZIAS. -PYRITIS. POLYZONOS. ASTRAPÆA. PHLOGITIS. ANTHRACITIS. -ENHYGROS. POLYTHRIX. LEONTIOS. PARDALIOS. -DROSOLITHOS. MELICHRUS. MELICHLOROS. CROCIAS. POLIAS. -SPARTOPOLIAS. RHODITIS. CHALCITIS. SYCITIS. BOSTRYCHITIS. -CHERNITIS. ANANCITIS. SYNOCHITIS. DENDRITIS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Hammochrysos<a id="FNanchor_3434_3434"></a><a href="#Footnote_3434_3434" class="fnanchor">3434</a> resembles sand in appearance, but sand -mixed with gold. Cenchritis<a id="FNanchor_3435_3435"></a><a href="#Footnote_3435_3435" class="fnanchor">3435</a> has all the appearance of grains -of millet scattered here and there. Dryitis<a id="FNanchor_3436_3436"></a><a href="#Footnote_3436_3436" class="fnanchor">3436</a> resembles the -trunk of a tree, and burns like wood. Cissitis,<a id="FNanchor_3437_3437"></a><a href="#Footnote_3437_3437" class="fnanchor">3437</a> upon a white, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_460">460</a></span>transparent surface, has leaves of ivy running all over it. Narcissitis<a id="FNanchor_3438_3438"></a><a href="#Footnote_3438_3438" class="fnanchor">3438</a> -is distinguished by veins on the surface, and has a smell -like that of the narcissus. Cyamias<a id="FNanchor_3439_3439"></a><a href="#Footnote_3439_3439" class="fnanchor">3439</a> is a black stone, but -when broken, produces a bean to all appearance. Pyren<a id="FNanchor_3440_3440"></a><a href="#Footnote_3440_3440" class="fnanchor">3440</a> is -so called from its resemblance to an olive-stone: in some cases -it would appear to contain the back-bone<a id="FNanchor_3441_3441"></a><a href="#Footnote_3441_3441" class="fnanchor">3441</a> of a fish. Phœnicitis<a id="FNanchor_3442_3442"></a><a href="#Footnote_3442_3442" class="fnanchor">3442</a> -resembles a palm-date in form. Chalazias<a id="FNanchor_3443_3443"></a><a href="#Footnote_3443_3443" class="fnanchor">3443</a> resembles a -hailstone, both in form and colour: it is as hard as adamant, -so much so, indeed, that in the fire even it retains its coolness, -it is said. Pyritis,<a id="FNanchor_3444_3444"></a><a href="#Footnote_3444_3444" class="fnanchor">3444</a> though a black stone, burns the fingers -when rubbed by them. Polyzonos<a id="FNanchor_3445_3445"></a><a href="#Footnote_3445_3445" class="fnanchor">3445</a> is a black stone traversed -by numerous zones of white.</p> - -<p>Astrapæa<a id="FNanchor_3446_3446"></a><a href="#Footnote_3446_3446" class="fnanchor">3446</a> has rays like flashes of lightning, running across -the middle on a ground of white or blue. In phlogitis,<a id="FNanchor_3447_3447"></a><a href="#Footnote_3447_3447" class="fnanchor">3447</a> there -is, to all appearance, a flame burning within, but not reaching -the surface of the stone. In anthracitis,<a id="FNanchor_3448_3448"></a><a href="#Footnote_3448_3448" class="fnanchor">3448</a> there are sometimes -sparks, to all appearance, flying to and fro. Enhygros<a id="FNanchor_3449_3449"></a><a href="#Footnote_3449_3449" class="fnanchor">3449</a> -is always perfectly round, smooth, and white; but when it is -shaken a liquid is heard to move within, just like the yolk -within an egg. Polythrix<a id="FNanchor_3450_3450"></a><a href="#Footnote_3450_3450" class="fnanchor">3450</a> presents the appearance of hair -upon a green surface; but it causes the hair to fall off, it is -said. Leontios and pardalios<a id="FNanchor_3451_3451"></a><a href="#Footnote_3451_3451" class="fnanchor">3451</a> are names given to stones, from -their resemblance to the skin of the lion and panther. Drosolithos<a id="FNanchor_3452_3452"></a><a href="#Footnote_3452_3452" class="fnanchor">3452</a> -has received its name from its colour. Melichrus is a -honey-coloured stone, of which there are several varieties. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_461">461</a></span>Melichloros<a id="FNanchor_3453_3453"></a><a href="#Footnote_3453_3453" class="fnanchor">3453</a> is a stone of two colours, partly honey-coloured, -partly yellow. Crocias<a id="FNanchor_3454_3454"></a><a href="#Footnote_3454_3454" class="fnanchor">3454</a> is the name given to a stone which -reflects a colour like that of saffron; polias, to a stone resembling -white hair in colour; and spartopolias, to a stone more thinly -sprinkled with white.</p> - -<p>Rhoditis is like the rose in colour, chalcitis resembles copper, -and sycitis<a id="FNanchor_3455_3455"></a><a href="#Footnote_3455_3455" class="fnanchor">3455</a> is in colour like a fig. Bostrychitis<a id="FNanchor_3456_3456"></a><a href="#Footnote_3456_3456" class="fnanchor">3456</a> is covered -with branches of a white or blood-red colour, upon a ground of -black; and chernitis<a id="FNanchor_3457_3457"></a><a href="#Footnote_3457_3457" class="fnanchor">3457</a> has, on a stony surface, a figure like that -of two hands grasping each other. Anancitis<a id="FNanchor_3458_3458"></a><a href="#Footnote_3458_3458" class="fnanchor">3458</a> is used in -hydromancy, they say, for summoning the gods to make their -appearance; and synochitis,<a id="FNanchor_3459_3459"></a><a href="#Footnote_3459_3459" class="fnanchor">3459</a> for detaining the shades from -below when they have appeared. If white dendritis<a id="FNanchor_3460_3460"></a><a href="#Footnote_3460_3460" class="fnanchor">3460</a> is buried -beneath a tree that is being felled, the edge of the axe will -never be blunted, it is asserted. There are many other stones -also, of a still more outrageously marvellous nature, to which, -admitted as it is that they are stones, barbarous names have -been given: we have refuted, however, a quite sufficient number -of these portentous lies already.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_74"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 74. (12.)—PRECIOUS STONES THAT SUDDENLY MAKE THEIR -APPEARANCE. COCHLIDES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>New species of precious stones are repeatedly brought into -existence, and fresh ones are found all at once, destitute of -names. Thus, for example, there was a stone formerly discovered -in the gold-mines of Lampsacus, which, on account of -its extraordinary beauty, was sent to King Alexander, as we -learn from Theophrastus.<a id="FNanchor_3461_3461"></a><a href="#Footnote_3461_3461" class="fnanchor">3461</a> Cochlides,<a id="FNanchor_3462_3462"></a><a href="#Footnote_3462_3462" class="fnanchor">3462</a> too, which are now so -common, are rather artificial productions than natural, and in -Arabia there have been found vast masses of them; which are -boiled, it is said, in honey, for seven days and nights without -intermission. By doing this, all earthy and faulty particles -are removed; after which, the mass, thus cleansed and purified, -is adorned by the ingenuity of artists with variegated veins and -spots, and cut into such shapes as may be most to the taste of -purchasers. Indeed, these articles, in former times, were made -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_462">462</a></span>of so large a size, that they were employed in the East as -frontals for the horses of kings, and as pendants for their trappings.<a id="FNanchor_3463_3463"></a><a href="#Footnote_3463_3463" class="fnanchor">3463</a></p> - -<p>All precious stones in general are improved in brilliancy by -being boiled in honey, Corsican honey more particularly; but -acrid substances are in every respect injurious to them. As -to the stones which are variegated, and to which new colours -are imparted by the inventive ingenuity of man, as they have -no name in common use, they are usually known by that of -“physis;”<a id="FNanchor_3464_3464"></a><a href="#Footnote_3464_3464" class="fnanchor">3464</a> a name which claims for them, as it were, that admiration -which we are more ready to bestow upon the works -of Nature. But really, these artificial stones have names -without end, and I could never think of recounting the infinite -series of them, coined as they have been by the frivolous tendencies -of the Greeks.</p> - -<p>Having already described the more noble gems, and indeed -those of inferior quality which are found among the stones that -are held in high esteem, I must content myself with knowing -that I have pointed out those kinds which are the most deserving -of mention. It will be as well, however, for the reader to -bear in mind, that, according to the varying number of the -spots and inequalities on their surface, according to the numerous -intersections of lines and their multiplied tints and shades, -the names of precious stones are subject to repeated changes; -the material itself, for the most part, remaining just the same.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_75"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 75.—THE VARIOUS FORMS OF PRECIOUS STONES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>We will now make some observations in reference to precious -stones in general, following therein the opinions that -have been expressed by various authors. Stones with a level -surface are preferred to those which are concave or protuberant -on the face. An oblong shape is the one that is most approved -of, and, next to that, the lenticular<a id="FNanchor_3465_3465"></a><a href="#Footnote_3465_3465" class="fnanchor">3465</a> form, as it is called. After -this, the stone with a plane surface and circular is admired, -those which are angular being held in the least esteem. There -is considerable difficulty in distinguishing genuine stones from -false; the more so, as there has been discovered a method of -transforming genuine stones of one kind into false stones of -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_463">463</a></span>another.<a id="FNanchor_3466_3466"></a><a href="#Footnote_3466_3466" class="fnanchor">3466</a> Sardonyx, for example, is imitated by cementing -together three other precious stones, in such a way that no -skill can detect the fraud; a black stone being used for the -purpose, a white stone, and one of a vermilion<a id="FNanchor_3467_3467"></a><a href="#Footnote_3467_3467" class="fnanchor">3467</a> colour, each -of them, in its own way, a stone of high repute. Nay, even -more than this, there are books in existence, the authors of -which I forbear to name,<a id="FNanchor_3468_3468"></a><a href="#Footnote_3468_3468" class="fnanchor">3468</a> which give instructions how to stain -crystal in such a way as to imitate smaragdus and other transparent -stones, how to make sardonyx of sarda, and other -gems in a similar manner. Indeed, there is no kind of fraud -practised, by which larger profits are made.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_76"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 76. (13.)—THE METHODS OF TESTING PRECIOUS STONES.</span></h3></div> - -<p>On the contrary, we will make it our business to point out -the methods of detecting these false stones, seeing that it is -only proper to put luxury even on its guard against fraud. -In addition to the particulars which we have already given, -when treating of each individual kind of precious stone, it is -generally agreed that transparent stones should be tested by -a morning light, or even, if necessary, so late as the fourth<a id="FNanchor_3469_3469"></a><a href="#Footnote_3469_3469" class="fnanchor">3469</a> -hour, but never after that hour. The modes of testing<a id="FNanchor_3470_3470"></a><a href="#Footnote_3470_3470" class="fnanchor">3470</a> stones -are numerous: first, by their weight, the genuine stone being -the heavier of the two; next, by their comparative coolness, -the genuine stone being cooler than the other to the mouth; -and, next to that, by their substance; there being blisters perceptible -in the body of the fictitious stone, as well as a certain -roughness on the surface; filaments, too, an unequal brilliancy, -and a brightness that falls short before it reaches the eye. -The best<a id="FNanchor_3471_3471"></a><a href="#Footnote_3471_3471" class="fnanchor">3471</a> mode of testing is to strike off a fragment with -an iron saw; but this is a thing not allowed by the -dealers, who equally refuse to let their gems be tested by the -file. Dust of Obsian<a id="FNanchor_3472_3472"></a><a href="#Footnote_3472_3472" class="fnanchor">3472</a> stone will not leave a mark upon the -surface of a genuine stone: but where the gem is artificial, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_464">464</a></span>every mark that is made will leave a white scratch upon it. -In addition to this, there is such a vast diversity in their degrees -of hardness, that some stones do not admit of being -engraved with iron, and others can only be cut with a graver -blunted at the edge. In all cases, however, precious stones -may be cut and polished by the aid of adamas<a id="FNanchor_3473_3473"></a><a href="#Footnote_3473_3473" class="fnanchor">3473</a> an operation -which may be considerably expedited by heating the graver. -The rivers which produce precious stones, are the Acesinus<a id="FNanchor_3474_3474"></a><a href="#Footnote_3474_3474" class="fnanchor">3474</a> -and the Ganges; and, of all countries, India is the most prolific -of them.</p> - -<div class="section"> -<h3 id="BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_77"><span class="inblk"> -CHAP. 77.—A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF NATURE AS SHE APPEARS IN -DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. THE COMPARATIVE VALUES OF THINGS.</span></h3></div> - -<p>Having now treated of all the works of Nature, it will be -as well to take a sort of comparative view of her several productions, -as well as the countries which supply them. Throughout -the whole earth, then, and wherever the vault of heaven -extends, there is no country so beautiful, or which, for the productions -of Nature, merits so high a rank as Italy, that ruler -and second parent of the world; recommended as she is by -her men, her women, her generals, her soldiers, her slaves, -her superiority in the arts, and the illustrious examples of -genius which she has produced. Her situation, too, is equally -in her favour; the salubrity and mildness of her climate; the -easy access which she offers to all nations; her coasts indented -with so many harbours; the propitious breezes, too, that always -prevail on her shores; advantages, all of them, due to her situation, -lying, as she does, midway between the East and the West, -and extended in the most favourable of all positions. Add to -this, the abundant supply of her waters, the salubrity of her -groves, the repeated intersections of her mountain ranges, the -comparative innocuousness of her wild animals, the fertility of -her soil, and the singular richness of her pastures.</p> - -<p>Whatever there is that the life of man ought not to feel in -want of, is nowhere to be found in greater perfection than -here; the cereals, for example, wine, oil, wool, flax, tissues, -and oxen. As to horses, there are none, I find, preferred to -those of Italy for the course;<a id="FNanchor_3475_3475"></a><a href="#Footnote_3475_3475" class="fnanchor">3475</a> while, for mines of gold, silver, -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_465">465</a></span>copper, and iron, so long as it was deemed lawful to work -them,<a id="FNanchor_3476_3476"></a><a href="#Footnote_3476_3476" class="fnanchor">3476</a> Italy was held inferior to no country whatsoever. At -the present day, teeming as she is with these treasures, she -contents herself with lavishing upon us, as the whole of her -bounties, her various liquids, and the numerous flavours yielded -by her cereals and her fruits. Next to Italy, if we except the -fabulous regions of India, I would rank Spain, for my own -part, those districts, at least, that lie in the vicinity of the sea.<a id="FNanchor_3477_3477"></a><a href="#Footnote_3477_3477" class="fnanchor">3477</a> -She is parched and sterile in one part, it is true; but where -she is at all productive, she yields the cereals in abundance, -oil, wine, horses, and metals of every kind. In all these respects, -Gaul is her equal, no doubt; but Spain, on the other -hand, outdoes the Gallic provinces in her spartum<a id="FNanchor_3478_3478"></a><a href="#Footnote_3478_3478" class="fnanchor">3478</a> and her -specular stone,<a id="FNanchor_3479_3479"></a><a href="#Footnote_3479_3479" class="fnanchor">3479</a> the products of her desert tracts, in her pigments -that minister to our luxuries, in the ardour displayed by -her people in laborious employments, in the perfect training -of her slaves, in the robustness of body of her men, and in -their general resoluteness of character.</p> - -<p>As to the productions themselves, the greatest value of -all, among the products of the sea, is attached to pearls: -of objects that lie upon the surface of the earth, it is crystals -that are most highly esteemed: and of those derived from -the interior, adamas,<a id="FNanchor_3480_3480"></a><a href="#Footnote_3480_3480" class="fnanchor">3480</a> smaragdus,<a id="FNanchor_3481_3481"></a><a href="#Footnote_3481_3481" class="fnanchor">3481</a> precious stones, and murrhine,<a id="FNanchor_3482_3482"></a><a href="#Footnote_3482_3482" class="fnanchor">3482</a> -are the things upon which the highest value is placed. -The most costly things that are matured by the earth, are -the kermes-berry<a id="FNanchor_3483_3483"></a><a href="#Footnote_3483_3483" class="fnanchor">3483</a> and laser;<a id="FNanchor_3484_3484"></a><a href="#Footnote_3484_3484" class="fnanchor">3484</a> that are gathered from trees, -nard<a id="FNanchor_3485_3485"></a><a href="#Footnote_3485_3485" class="fnanchor">3485</a> and Seric tissues;<a id="FNanchor_3486_3486"></a><a href="#Footnote_3486_3486" class="fnanchor">3486</a> that are derived from the trunks of -trees, logs of citrus<a id="FNanchor_3487_3487"></a><a href="#Footnote_3487_3487" class="fnanchor">3487</a>-wood; that are produced by shrubs, cinnamon,<a id="FNanchor_3488_3488"></a><a href="#Footnote_3488_3488" class="fnanchor">3488</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_466">466</a></span>cassia,<a id="FNanchor_3489_3489"></a><a href="#Footnote_3489_3489" class="fnanchor">3489</a> and amomum;<a id="FNanchor_3490_3490"></a><a href="#Footnote_3490_3490" class="fnanchor">3490</a> that are yielded by the juices -of trees or of shrubs, amber,<a id="FNanchor_3491_3491"></a><a href="#Footnote_3491_3491" class="fnanchor">3491</a> opobalsamum,<a id="FNanchor_3492_3492"></a><a href="#Footnote_3492_3492" class="fnanchor">3492</a> myrrh,<a id="FNanchor_3493_3493"></a><a href="#Footnote_3493_3493" class="fnanchor">3493</a> and frankincense;<a id="FNanchor_3494_3494"></a><a href="#Footnote_3494_3494" class="fnanchor">3494</a> -that are found in the roots of trees, the perfumes -derived from costus.<a id="FNanchor_3495_3495"></a><a href="#Footnote_3495_3495" class="fnanchor">3495</a> The most valuable products furnished -by living animals, on land, are the teeth of elephants; by -animals in the sea, tortoise-shell; by the coverings of animals, -the skins which the Seres<a id="FNanchor_3496_3496"></a><a href="#Footnote_3496_3496" class="fnanchor">3496</a> dye, and the substance gathered -from the hair of the she-goats of Arabia, which we have -spoken of under the name of “ladanum;”<a id="FNanchor_3497_3497"></a><a href="#Footnote_3497_3497" class="fnanchor">3497</a> by creatures that -are common to both land and sea, the purple<a id="FNanchor_3498_3498"></a><a href="#Footnote_3498_3498" class="fnanchor">3498</a> of the murex. -With reference to the birds, beyond plumes for warriors’ helmets, -and the grease that is derived from the geese of Commagene,<a id="FNanchor_3499_3499"></a><a href="#Footnote_3499_3499" class="fnanchor">3499</a> -I find no remarkable product mentioned. We must -not omit, too, to observe, that gold, for which there is such a -mania with all mankind, hardly holds the tenth rank as an -object of value, and silver, with which we purchase gold, -hardly the twentieth!</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hail</span> to thee, Nature, thou parent of all things! and do -thou deign to show thy favour unto me, who, alone of all the -citizens of Rome, have, in thy every department,<a id="FNanchor_3500_3500"></a><a href="#Footnote_3500_3500" class="fnanchor">3500</a> thus made -known thy praise.<a id="FNanchor_3501_3501"></a><a href="#Footnote_3501_3501" class="fnanchor">3501</a></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Summary.</span>—Facts, narratives, and observations, one thousand -three hundred.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Roman Authors quoted.</span>—M. Varro,<a id="FNanchor_3502_3502"></a><a href="#Footnote_3502_3502" class="fnanchor">3502</a> the Register of the -Triumphs,<a id="FNanchor_3503_3503"></a><a href="#Footnote_3503_3503" class="fnanchor">3503</a> Mæcenas,<a id="FNanchor_3504_3504"></a><a href="#Footnote_3504_3504" class="fnanchor">3504</a> Iacchus,<a id="FNanchor_3505_3505"></a><a href="#Footnote_3505_3505" class="fnanchor">3505</a> Cornelius Bocchus.<a id="FNanchor_3506_3506"></a><a href="#Footnote_3506_3506" class="fnanchor">3506</a></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Foreign Authors quoted.</span>—King Juba,<a id="FNanchor_3507_3507"></a><a href="#Footnote_3507_3507" class="fnanchor">3507</a> Xenocrates<a id="FNanchor_3508_3508"></a><a href="#Footnote_3508_3508" class="fnanchor">3508</a> the -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_467">467</a></span>son of Zeno, Sudines,<a id="FNanchor_3509_3509"></a><a href="#Footnote_3509_3509" class="fnanchor">3509</a> Æschylus,<a id="FNanchor_3510_3510"></a><a href="#Footnote_3510_3510" class="fnanchor">3510</a> Philoxenus,<a id="FNanchor_3511_3511"></a><a href="#Footnote_3511_3511" class="fnanchor">3511</a> Euripides,<a id="FNanchor_3512_3512"></a><a href="#Footnote_3512_3512" class="fnanchor">3512</a> -Nicander,<a id="FNanchor_3513_3513"></a><a href="#Footnote_3513_3513" class="fnanchor">3513</a> Satyrus,<a id="FNanchor_3514_3514"></a><a href="#Footnote_3514_3514" class="fnanchor">3514</a> Theophrastus,<a id="FNanchor_3515_3515"></a><a href="#Footnote_3515_3515" class="fnanchor">3515</a> Chares,<a id="FNanchor_3516_3516"></a><a href="#Footnote_3516_3516" class="fnanchor">3516</a> Philemon,<a id="FNanchor_3517_3517"></a><a href="#Footnote_3517_3517" class="fnanchor">3517</a> -Demostratus,<a id="FNanchor_3518_3518"></a><a href="#Footnote_3518_3518" class="fnanchor">3518</a> Zenothemis,<a id="FNanchor_3519_3519"></a><a href="#Footnote_3519_3519" class="fnanchor">3519</a> Metrodorus,<a id="FNanchor_3520_3520"></a><a href="#Footnote_3520_3520" class="fnanchor">3520</a> Sotacus,<a id="FNanchor_3521_3521"></a><a href="#Footnote_3521_3521" class="fnanchor">3521</a> Pytheas,<a id="FNanchor_3522_3522"></a><a href="#Footnote_3522_3522" class="fnanchor">3522</a> -Timæus<a id="FNanchor_3523_3523"></a><a href="#Footnote_3523_3523" class="fnanchor">3523</a> the Sicilian, Nicias,<a id="FNanchor_3524_3524"></a><a href="#Footnote_3524_3524" class="fnanchor">3524</a> Theochrestus,<a id="FNanchor_3525_3525"></a><a href="#Footnote_3525_3525" class="fnanchor">3525</a> Asarubas,<a id="FNanchor_3526_3526"></a><a href="#Footnote_3526_3526" class="fnanchor">3526</a> -Mnaseas,<a id="FNanchor_3527_3527"></a><a href="#Footnote_3527_3527" class="fnanchor">3527</a> Theomenes,<a id="FNanchor_3528_3528"></a><a href="#Footnote_3528_3528" class="fnanchor">3528</a> Ctesias,<a id="FNanchor_3529_3529"></a><a href="#Footnote_3529_3529" class="fnanchor">3529</a> Mithridates,<a id="FNanchor_3530_3530"></a><a href="#Footnote_3530_3530" class="fnanchor">3530</a> Sophocles,<a id="FNanchor_3531_3531"></a><a href="#Footnote_3531_3531" class="fnanchor">3531</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_468">468</a></span>King Archelaüs,<a id="FNanchor_3532_3532"></a><a href="#Footnote_3532_3532" class="fnanchor">3532</a> Callistratus,<a id="FNanchor_3533_3533"></a><a href="#Footnote_3533_3533" class="fnanchor">3533</a> Democritus,<a id="FNanchor_3534_3534"></a><a href="#Footnote_3534_3534" class="fnanchor">3534</a> Ismenias,<a id="FNanchor_3535_3535"></a><a href="#Footnote_3535_3535" class="fnanchor">3535</a> Olympicus,<a id="FNanchor_3536_3536"></a><a href="#Footnote_3536_3536" class="fnanchor">3536</a> -Alexander<a id="FNanchor_3537_3537"></a><a href="#Footnote_3537_3537" class="fnanchor">3537</a> Polyhistor, Apion,<a id="FNanchor_3538_3538"></a><a href="#Footnote_3538_3538" class="fnanchor">3538</a> Horus,<a id="FNanchor_3539_3539"></a><a href="#Footnote_3539_3539" class="fnanchor">3539</a> Zoroaster,<a id="FNanchor_3540_3540"></a><a href="#Footnote_3540_3540" class="fnanchor">3540</a> -Zachalias.<a id="FNanchor_3541_3541"></a><a href="#Footnote_3541_3541" class="fnanchor">3541</a></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 id="FOOTNOTES">FOOTNOTES:</h2></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">1</span></a> It is in the last six Books of Pliny, and those only, we regret to say, -that we are enabled to avail ourselves of the new readings of the Bamberg -MS., which has been so admirably collated by M. Ian. In a vast number -of passages previously looked upon as hopelessly corrupt, or else not at all -suspected of being in a mutilated state, this MS. supplies words and clauses, -the existence of which in the original was hitherto unknown; indeed by its -aid the indefatigable Sillig has been enabled, if we may be allowed the -term, almost to <em>rewrite</em> the last six Books of Pliny. From a perusal of -these new readings, as Dr. Smith has justly remarked, we have reason to -infer “that the text of the earlier Books is still in a very defective state, -and that much of the obscurity of Pliny may be traced to this cause.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">2</span></a> The Echeneis remora of Linnæus. See B. ix. c. 41.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">3</span></a> He alludes to the “rostra,” or metal beaks, with which the prows of -the ships of war were furnished.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">4</span></a> An absurd tradition, no doubt, invented, probably, to palliate the disgrace -of his defeat.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">5</span></a> From the delay caused by the stoppage of the prætorian ship.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">6</span></a> Caligula.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">7</span></a> For Astura and Antium, see B. iii. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">8</span></a> And well it might surprise him. If there was any foundation at all -for the story, there can be little doubt that a trick was played for the purpose -of imposing upon Caligula’s superstitious credulity, and that the -rowers as well as the diving sailors were privy to it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">9</span></a> “Limax.” A singular comparison, apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">10</span></a> In B. ix. c. 41.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">11</span></a> See B. ix. c. 41, where he is speaking of a murex, a fish which bears -no such affinity to the remora as to warrant our author’s expression, -“Idem valere omnia ea genera.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">12</span></a> Properly meaning “delay.” “Remora” is another reading, and -perhaps a better one, as the word is found in Plautus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">13</span></a> In B. ix. c. 41.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">14</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">λύειν τὰς ὠδίνας</span>, “to release from the pains of childbirth.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">15</span></a> See B. ix. c. 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">16</span></a> Ajasson remarks that it was owing probably to this opinion that it -was formerly the belief, that by holding the breath a person could render -himself proof against the shock of the torpedo; a precaution recommended -by Kæmpfer, in his “Amenitates Exoticæ,” p. 514. Ed. 1712.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">17</span></a> “Quâdam aurâ sui corporis adficiat membra” seems a preferable -reading to “Quâdam aurâ corporis sui adficiat membra,” as given by the -Bamberg MS., and adopted by Sillig.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">18</span></a> See B. ix. c. 72, and the Note.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">19</span></a> A fabulous story, Ajasson remarks, but one that was commonly believed -in the 16th and 17th centuries. Gessner, however, a conscientious -enquirer into the mysteries of Nature, asserts (<cite>de Aquatilibus</cite>, p. 563) that, -to his own knowledge, the sight of this fish was productive of the symptoms -here mentioned. Beckmann reckons the Aplysia depilans (with which the -Sea-hare of the ancients is identified) in the number of the animal -poisons, and remarks that (as we find stated by Cœlius Rhodiginus, B. -xxvi. c. 30) the Emperor Titus was dispatched by the agency of this -poison, administered to him by the direction of his brother Domitian. -<cite>Hist. Inv.</cite> vol. I. p. 51. <cite>Bohn’s Ed.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">20</span></a> Athenæus says, B. viii., that the Scarus pursues it and devours it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">21</span></a> “Quibus impactus est.” A curious expression; if indeed it is the -correct reading.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">22</span></a> See B. ix. c. 72.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">23</span></a> Mituli. See B. ix. c. 74.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">24</span></a> “Cetos.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">25</span></a> Ajasson remarks, in confutation of this story, that there are few -rivers in Arabia of such a breadth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">26</span></a> See B. xi. c. 34.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">27</span></a> Of this work, began by Ovid during his banishment in Pontus, and -probably never completed, only a fragment of one hundred and thirty-two -lines has come down to us. Pliny again makes reference to it, in the last -Chapter of the present <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_54">Book</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">28</span></a> Or “Treatise on Fishes.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">29</span></a> See B. ix. c. 69, and B. xi. c. 61.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">30</span></a> Quoted from the Halieuticon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">31</span></a> The wolf fish. The Perca labrax of Linnæus. See B. ix. cc. 24, -28, 74, 79, and B. x. c. 89.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">32</span></a> From the Halieuticon of Ovid.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">33</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 14, 35, 39, 48, 74, 79, 81.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">34</span></a> From the Halieuticon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">35</span></a> From the Halieuticon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">36</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 21, 26, 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">37</span></a> From the Halieuticon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">38</span></a> From the Halieuticon. See Note <a href="#Footnote_31_31">31</a> above, if indeed the same fish -is meant. See also B. xxxi. c. 44, and the Note.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">39</span></a> From the Halieuticon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">40</span></a> See B. ix. c. 85.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">41</span></a> In B. ix. c. 39. Aristotle, however, as there stated, was not of the -same opinion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">42</span></a> See B. xx. c. 98.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">43</span></a> “Novacula piscis.” Pliny is the only ancient author that mentions -this fish. There are numerous varieties of it, among which the best known -are the Coryphæna novacula of Linnæus, the Rason of the Mediterranean, -highly esteemed as an article of food, and the Coryphæna pentedactyle of -Bloch, identical with the <cite>Hemiptéronote à cinq taches</cite>, of Lacépède.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">44</span></a> An absurdity, owing, no doubt, to its name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">45</span></a> Or “globe-fish.” The Mola, orbis marinus, or sun-fish of modern -Natural History, the <em>Lune de mer</em>, or <em>poisson-lune</em> of the French. Though -the skin is harsh and tough, there is no firmness in its flesh, which is of a -gluey consistency.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">46</span></a> In reality it <em>has</em> scales, but they are almost imperceptible, from -their minuteness.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">47</span></a> Or rather, as Dalechamps observes, “all belly.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">48</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 44, 45, and B. xviii. c. 87.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">49</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 1, 21 and c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of the present Book. There are two varieties -of it, the Xiphias gladius of Bloch and Lacépède, and the -Xiphias machæra of Shaw.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">50</span></a> See B. v. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">51</span></a> Martial, B. iv. Ep. 30, speaks of this being the case at the fishponds -of Baiæ, where the Emperor’s fish were in the habit of making -their appearance when called by name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">52</span></a> A village of Caria, celebrated for its sanctuary of Zeus Stratios. -Ælian, Hist. Anim. B. xii. c. 30, says that there was a spring of clear -water, within the sanctuary, which contained fish with golden necklaces and -rings.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">53</span></a> “Inaures.” He probably means ornaments suspended from the -gills, a thing which, in the case of eels, might be done.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">54</span></a> “Senum delubrum.” Ælian speaks of tame fish in the Old Men’s -Harbour (<span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">λιμὴν</span>) at Chios.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">55</span></a> In B. xxxi. c. 22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">56</span></a> The seat of the worship of the half-fish goddess Addirga, Atergatis, -Astarte, or Derceto. See B. v. c. 19. The original names of Hierapolis -(the Holy City) were Bambyce and Mabog.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">57</span></a> See B. iii. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">58</span></a> A Greek name signifying “black-tails.” See c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book. -Holland translates it “the black-tailed ruffe” or “sea-bream.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">59</span></a> See B. v. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">60</span></a> See B. v. c. 31, and B. xxxi. c. 43.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">61</span></a> See B. iii. c. 14.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">62</span></a> See B. v. cc. 3, 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">63</span></a> See B. iii. cc. 16, 26.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">64</span></a> Ajasson thinks that this may possibly be true to some small extent.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">65</span></a> Identical with the fish called “orbis,” already mentioned in c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_5">5</a> of -this Book. Ajasson remarks that though these fish have been known to -weigh as much as three hundred pounds, there are many others which -grow to a larger size, the sturgeon, and the silurus, for instance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">66</span></a> Ajasson thinks that this notion may possibly have been derived from -the name, which not improbably was given to it from the spongy and -oleaginous nature of the flesh.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">67</span></a> See B. iii. c. 16.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">68</span></a> Owing, perhaps, to the moisture of the atmosphere.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">69</span></a> We learn from Festus, that he prohibited the use also of the scarus, -a fish <em>with</em> scales.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">70</span></a> “Ad pulvinaria.” Literally, “At the cushions;” in reference to -the practice of placing the statues of the gods upon pillows at the Lectisternia, -which were sacrifices in the nature of feasts, at which images of -the gods were placed reclining on couches, with tables and food before -them, as if they were really partaking of the things offered in sacrifice. -Livy, B. v. c. 13. gives an account of a Lectisternium celebrated with great -pomp, which he asserts to have been the first instance of the practice.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">71</span></a> In B. ix. c. 54.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">72</span></a> See B. iii. c. 11.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">73</span></a> Theophrastus reckons coral among the precious stones, and the -Pseudo-Orpheus among the minerals. Pliny would seem to be at a loss -whether to consider it as an animal or a vegetable. In reality it is the -production of marine organized bodies of an arborescent habit, known as -Corallina, with jointed stems, supported on a kind of root divided into -branches, which are likewise jointed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">74</span></a> Because <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κειρεῖται</span>, it is “cut short” in the sea, a far-fetched derivation, -apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">75</span></a> Solinus informs us that Zoroaster attributed certain mysterious properties -to coral.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">76</span></a> A practice still retained, though the original intention of it has been -lost sight of. As to the form of the coral now used by infants, see -Note 2171 to B. xxviii. c. 7.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">77</span></a> In reality, the Pastinaca or Sting-ray is <em>not</em> venomous; but the -wounds inflicted by the sting in its tail are highly dangerous, from their -tendency to gangrene.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">78</span></a> In B. ix. c. 72. As Ajasson remarks, it is quite possible that the -sting of the Pastinaca might penetrate to the heart of a young tree, and -so kill it; but that is no proof of its being poisonous. See also B. ix. cc. -40, 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">79</span></a> Or Mustela, the sea-weasel, mentioned in B. ix. c. 29, and in c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_37">37</a> -of the present Book. See also Note 2407 to B. ix. c. 29. Ajasson is of -opinion that under the names of “Galeos” and “Mustela,” the ancients -confounded the Squalus galeus and the Squalus mustelus of Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">80</span></a> See B. xix. c. 15, and B. xxii. c. 49.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">81</span></a> As water, and are consequently amphibious.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">82</span></a> The Castoreum of the ancients, the “castor” of our Materia Medica, -is <em>not</em> in reality produced from the testes of the beaver, as was supposed -by the ancients, but from two oval pouches situate near the anus of the -animal of either sex. There are four of these pouches in all, two containing -a species of fat, and two larger ones including in their membranous -cells a viscous fetid substance, which forms the castor of medicine. It is -considered to be an antispasmodic.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">83</span></a> “Folliculos.” A very appropriate term, as Ajasson remarks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">84</span></a> See B. xii. c. 49, and B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_14">14</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">85</span></a> See B. xxv. c. 70.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">86</span></a> Castor is still given to females to inhale, when suffering from hysteria.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">87</span></a> See B. xx. c. 54.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">88</span></a> See B. xxiv. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">89</span></a> See B. viii. c. 41, B. x. c. 95, and B. xi. cc. 24, 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_90_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_90"><span class="label">90</span></a> See B. xxix. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_91_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_91"><span class="label">91</span></a> See B. viii. c. 35, and B. xvi. c. 80.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_92_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_92"><span class="label">92</span></a> See B. xx. c. 81; B. xxii. c. 13; B. xxiii. c. 23, and B. xxiv. c. 73.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_93_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_93"><span class="label">93</span></a> See B. xii. c. 57.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">94</span></a> Or Mistletoe; see B, xvi. c. 92.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_95_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_95"><span class="label">95</span></a> As to the identity of the “nitrum” of the ancients, see B. xxxi. -c. 46 and the Notes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_96_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_96"><span class="label">96</span></a> See B. xx. c. 76.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_97_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_97"><span class="label">97</span></a> Under the head of “testudines,” he includes the tortoises, terrapenes, -and turtles, which form an order of reptiles, known in Natural -History as Chelonia, and characterised by the body being enclosed between -a double shield or shell, out of which protrude the head, tail, and -four extremities.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_98_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_98"><span class="label">98</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 11, 12.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_99_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_99"><span class="label">99</span></a> Our tortoises so called.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_100_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_100"><span class="label">100</span></a> Our Chelonides, or turtles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_101_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_101"><span class="label">101</span></a> The Emydes and Trionyches of Modern Natural History.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_102_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_102"><span class="label">102</span></a> Or turtle.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_103_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_103"><span class="label">103</span></a> See B. x. c. 86.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_104_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_104"><span class="label">104</span></a> To make it of a yellow or golden colour, Dalechamps says.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_105_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105_105"><span class="label">105</span></a> Identified by Ajasson with the Emys lutaria of Modern Natural -History.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_106_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_106"><span class="label">106</span></a> Our Houseleek. See B. xxv. c. 102.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_107_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_107_107"><span class="label">107</span></a> Because it is then powerless, and can make no effort to rise.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_108_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_108_108"><span class="label">108</span></a> An absurd story, founded, no doubt, on the extremely slow pace of -the tortoise. Ajasson remarks that it is the fresh-water tortoise, more -particularly, that is so slow in its movements.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_109_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_109_109"><span class="label">109</span></a> In B. xxi. c. 44.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_110_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_110_110"><span class="label">110</span></a> Or Gilt-head. “Aurata.” See B. ix. c. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_111_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_111_111"><span class="label">111</span></a> In B. viii. c. 38. See also B. xxviii. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_112_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_112_112"><span class="label">112</span></a> Among others, in B. vii. c. 13, and B. xxviii. c. 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_113_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_113_113"><span class="label">113</span></a> In B. xxviii. c. 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_114_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_114_114"><span class="label">114</span></a> As to this point, see c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_12">12</a> of this Book, and the Notes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_115_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_115_115"><span class="label">115</span></a> He must mean the Sea-dragon, mentioned in B. ix. c. 43, and in c. -<a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of the present Book; for he has already stated in B. xxix. c. 20, that -the serpent called “draco” is destitute of venom. See also B. viii. cc. -13, 14, 22, 41, and B. x. cc. 5, 92, 95, 96.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_116_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116_116"><span class="label">116</span></a> See B. viii. c. 41, B. x. c. 95, and B. xi. cc. 24, 28, 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_117_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117_117"><span class="label">117</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 71, 86, and c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_118_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_118_118"><span class="label">118</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_115_115">115</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_119_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_119_119"><span class="label">119</span></a> Rondelet asserts, B. vi. c. 19, that he himself had cured the sting of -the sea-dragon by an application of the liver of that fish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_120_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_120_120"><span class="label">120</span></a> See B. xxix. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_121_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_121_121"><span class="label">121</span></a> See B. viii. c. 35, B. xi. c. 43, and B. xvi. c. 80.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_122_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_122_122"><span class="label">122</span></a> See B. xxiii. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_123_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_123_123"><span class="label">123</span></a> Nicander, in his Theriaca, classes the Elops among the innocuous -serpents. In B. ix. c. 27, we are informed that one name given to the -Acipenser was “Elops.” But see the remark made in c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_54">54</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_124_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_124_124"><span class="label">124</span></a> See B. xxiii. c. 80.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_125_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125_125"><span class="label">125</span></a> From c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of the present Book, we learn that the Sarda was a -kind of Pelamis, or young tunny, which was pickled, like our Anchovy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_126_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126_126"><span class="label">126</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_115_115">115</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_127_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_127_127"><span class="label">127</span></a> Tunny cut into slices, and pickled. See B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_128_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128_128"><span class="label">128</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 40, 67, 74, 83.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_129_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129_129"><span class="label">129</span></a> See B. viii. c. 48, B. xi. cc. 19, 76, 116, B. xxv. c. 76.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_130_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_130_130"><span class="label">130</span></a> See B. x. c. 86.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_131_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_131_131"><span class="label">131</span></a> Under the name “magi,” he is probably speaking here, not of the -ordinary magicians, but the Magi of the East, from whom Democritus -largely borrowed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_132_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132_132"><span class="label">132</span></a> A piece of wit on the part of our author, in which he seldom indulges.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_133_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133_133"><span class="label">133</span></a> See B. xi. c. 76.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_134_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134_134"><span class="label">134</span></a> From “rubus,” a “bramble.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_135_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135_135"><span class="label">135</span></a> In B. viii. c. 48. It is not improbable that the “rubetæ” of the -ancients were toads.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_136_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136_136"><span class="label">136</span></a> Projections of the bones in which the eyes are set, as Dalechamps -remarks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_137_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137_137"><span class="label">137</span></a> “Plenæ veneficiorum.” It was long a matter of doubt whether the -toad is really poisonous, but it has been recently ascertained that the -pustules on the skin contain a most active poison.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_138_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138_138"><span class="label">138</span></a> “Solium” and “oleum” are the readings here, but we adopt the -conjecture of M. Ian, and substitute “ollam.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_139_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_139_139"><span class="label">139</span></a> “Averting dogs.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_140_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140_140"><span class="label">140</span></a> The Enhydris, probably. See B. xxx. c. 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_141_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_141_141"><span class="label">141</span></a> See B. xxvi. c. 33.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_142_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_142_142"><span class="label">142</span></a> “Cancri fluviatiles.” Our crawfish, the Potamobios of Leach.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_143_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_143_143"><span class="label">143</span></a> See B. xix. cc. 31, 36, 44, and B. xx. c. 48.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_144_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_144_144"><span class="label">144</span></a> It is difficult to say whether he means the shrew-mouse here, the -bite of which was supposed to be poisonous, or the serpent called Scytale, -mentioned by Lucan, B. ix. l. 717.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_145_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_145_145"><span class="label">145</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_143_143">143</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_146_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_146_146"><span class="label">146</span></a> The Crab. This is giving the serpent credit for too much wisdom; -an acquaintance, in fact, with the fantastic names which mankind have -bestowed upon the signs of the Zodiac.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_147_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_147_147"><span class="label">147</span></a> See B. ix. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_148_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_148_148"><span class="label">148</span></a> The same as the Orbis or Orthagoriscus of Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_5">5</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_9">9</a> of this -Book, the Mola or sun-fish of the Mediterranean. See B. ix. c. 17.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_149_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_149_149"><span class="label">149</span></a> Or sting-ray. See B. ix. c. 72.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_150_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_150_150"><span class="label">150</span></a> There is considerable truth in this observation.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_151_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_151_151"><span class="label">151</span></a> The sea-horse, the Syngnathus hippocampus of Linnæus. See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_152_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152_152"><span class="label">152</span></a> See B. xxi. c. 105.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_153_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153_153"><span class="label">153</span></a> The same, probably, as the “opocarpathon” of B. xxviii. c. 45, a -substance which does not appear to have been identified with any degree -of certainty. See also c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_31">31</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_154_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_154_154"><span class="label">154</span></a> B. ix. c. 79.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">155</span></a> Ajasson remarks that these statements are consistent with fact.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_156_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_156"><span class="label">156</span></a> “Deep-sea” oysters.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_157_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_157_157"><span class="label">157</span></a> In Asia Minor. See B. v. c. 32, where it is called “Grynia.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_158_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158_158"><span class="label">158</span></a> In Lemnos. See B. iv. c. 23, and B. v. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_159_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_159_159"><span class="label">159</span></a> This is an error: the statement is made, not in B. ix., but in B. ii. -c. 109.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_160_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160_160"><span class="label">160</span></a> See B. ix. c. 74. It is at the spawning season that this milky liquid -is found in the oyster; a period at which the meat of the fish is considered -unwholesome as food. We have a saying that the oyster should never be -eaten in the months without an r; that the same, too, was the opinion in -the middle ages is proved by the Leonine line:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“Mensibus erratis vos ostrea manducatis.”</div> -</div></div></div> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“In the r’d months you may your oysters eat.”</div> -</div></div></div> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_161_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161_161"><span class="label">161</span></a> See B. iii. c. 9. Horace speaks of the oysters of Circeii, B. ii. -Sat. 4. l. 33.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_162_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162_162"><span class="label">162</span></a> There has been considerable discussion among the commentators as -to the meaning of the word “spondylus” here. We are inclined to adopt -the opinion of Venette, and to think that it means the so-called “meat” -of the oyster. It must be short, and consequently plump and comparatively -destitute of beard, and it must not be fleshy, as that would imply a -degree of toughness not desirable in an oyster. The words “nec fibris -laciniata ac tota in alvo,” only seem to be an amplification of the preceding -ones, “spondylo brevi et non carnoso.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_163_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163_163"><span class="label">163</span></a> Literally, “Having beautiful eyebrows.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_164_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_164_164"><span class="label">164</span></a> See B. ix. c. 79.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_165_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165_165"><span class="label">165</span></a> See B. v. c. 40.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_166_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_166_166"><span class="label">166</span></a> See B. iii. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_167_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167_167"><span class="label">167</span></a> “Dulciora.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_168_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_168_168"><span class="label">168</span></a> Those of Rutupæ, the present Richborough in Kent, were highly -esteemed by the Romans. See Juvenal, Sat. 4. l. 141.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_169_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_169_169"><span class="label">169</span></a> “Suaviora.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_170_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_170"><span class="label">170</span></a> The district in the vicinity of Bordeaux, now called Medoc. The -oysters of Medulæ are mentioned in terms of praise by Ausonius, Epist. -vii. and Epist. cxliii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_171_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_171_171"><span class="label">171</span></a> “Acriora.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_172_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_172_172"><span class="label">172</span></a> See B. iii. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">173</span></a> See B. v. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_174_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_174_174"><span class="label">174</span></a> See B. iii. c. 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_175_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_175_175"><span class="label">175</span></a> See B. iii. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_176_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_176_176"><span class="label">176</span></a> They probably gave the name of “oyster” to some other shell-fish -of large size. In Cook’s Voyages we read of cockles in the Pacific, which -two men were unable to carry.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_177_177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_177_177"><span class="label">177</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">τρὶς</span>, “thrice,” and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">δάκνω</span>, “to bite.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_178_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_178_178"><span class="label">178</span></a> Ajasson remarks that many persons are unable to digest oysters, in -an uncooked state.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_179_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_179_179"><span class="label">179</span></a> Ajasson remarks that calcined oyster-shells formed an ingredient in -the famous lithontriptic of Mrs. Stephens, a so-called remedy which obtained -for her a considerable reward, voted by the English Parliament in -the middle of last century.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_180_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_180_180"><span class="label">180</span></a> A statement purely imaginary, Ajasson thinks; the liquid of this -class of shell-fish containing no element whatever to fit it for an antidote.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">181</span></a> Or antidote.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_182_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_182"><span class="label">182</span></a> In B. xxvi. c. 66.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_183_183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_183_183"><span class="label">183</span></a> Many varieties of sea-weed are now known, Ajasson says, to possess -this property, and are still used by savage nations for colouring the body. -In Europe, the use of indigo, madder, and other tinctorial plants of a -more decided character, has caused them to be entirely neglected for dyeing -purposes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_184_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_184"><span class="label">184</span></a> Probably the Syngnathus hippocampus of Linnæus. See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_185_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_185_185"><span class="label">185</span></a> As to the Nitrum of the ancients, see B. xxxi. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_186_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_186_186"><span class="label">186</span></a> Or Cuttlefish. See B. ix. c. 44.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_187_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_187_187"><span class="label">187</span></a> See B. ix. c. 35.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_188_188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_188_188"><span class="label">188</span></a> See c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_17">17</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_189_189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_189_189"><span class="label">189</span></a> This seems to be the meaning of “conchyliorum” here, though in -most instances Pliny uses it as synonymous with the purple. See B. ix. -cc. 60, 61, 64.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_190_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_190_190"><span class="label">190</span></a> See B. xxv. c. 70.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_191_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_191_191"><span class="label">191</span></a> This assertion reminds us of the healing effects of the fish with -which Tobit cured his father’s blindness. See Tobit, c. xi. v. 13.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_192_192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_192_192"><span class="label">192</span></a> See c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_193_193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_193_193"><span class="label">193</span></a> Identified by Ajasson with the white Rascasse of the Mediterranean. -Hardouin combats the notion that this was the fish, the gall of which was -employed by Tobit for the cure of his father, and is inclined to think that -the Silurus was in reality the fish; a notion no better founded than the -other, Ajasson thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">194</span></a> In his “Messenia,” for instance. The fragment has been preserved -by Ælian, Hist. Anim. B. xiii. c. 4. Ajasson remarks that the ancients -clearly mistook the swimming bladder of the fish for the gall.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_195_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_195_195"><span class="label">195</span></a> Or “heaven-gazer.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_196_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_196_196"><span class="label">196</span></a> The original has “ab oculo quem,”—but we have adopted the -reading suggested by Dalechamps, “Ab oculis quos in superiore capite.” -Ajasson says that the white rascasse has the eyes so disposed on the upper -part of the head as to have the appearance of gazing upwards at the -heavens. Hence it is that at Genoa, the fish is commonly known as the -<em>prête</em> or “priest.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_197_197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_197_197"><span class="label">197</span></a> See B. ix. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_198_198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_198_198"><span class="label">198</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_17">17</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_199_199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_199_199"><span class="label">199</span></a> “Albugines.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_200_200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_200_200"><span class="label">200</span></a> Meaning, literally, “Fallen from Jupiter,” in reference to their supposed -descent from heaven in showers of rain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_201_201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_201_201"><span class="label">201</span></a> Cortex.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_202_202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_202_202"><span class="label">202</span></a> See B. xxxiv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_23">23</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_203_203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_203_203"><span class="label">203</span></a> “Ossiculo.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_204_204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_204_204"><span class="label">204</span></a> Literally, “fish-glue.” We can hardly believe Pliny that any fish -was known by this name. Hardouin takes the fish here spoken of to be -identical with that mentioned in B. ix. c. 17, as being caught in the -Borysthene, and destitute of bones. It is most probable, however, that -the “ichthyocolla” of the ancients, or “fish-glue,” was the same as our -isinglass, and that it was prepared from the entrails of various fish, the -sturgeon more particularly, the Acipenser huso of Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_205_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_205_205"><span class="label">205</span></a> The best isinglass still comes from Russia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_206_206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_206_206"><span class="label">206</span></a> “Nativi coloris.” See B. viii. c. 23. Beckmann says, in reference -to the present passage: “We manufacture the wool of our brown sheep -in its natural colour, and this was done also by the ancients.”—<cite>Hist. -Inv.</cite> vol. ii. p. 110, <cite>Bohn’s Ed.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_207_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_207_207"><span class="label">207</span></a> The “calamites” above mentioned, so called from “calamus,” a reed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_208_208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_208_208"><span class="label">208</span></a> The Bryonia Cretica of Linnæus; see B. xxiii. c. 16.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_209_209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_209_209"><span class="label">209</span></a> An eminent surgeon, born at Sidon in Phœnicia, who practised at -Rome, probably in the first century <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_210_210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_210_210"><span class="label">210</span></a> “Mutis,” “silent,” or “voiceless” frogs, as suggested by Gessner, -Hist. Anim. B. ii., would almost seem to be a preferable reading here to -“multis,” “many.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_211_211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_211_211"><span class="label">211</span></a> Another reading is “tænia,” a fish mentioned by Epicharmus, -Athenæus informs us, and considered by Ajasson to be probably identical -with the Cepola rubescens, or Cepola tænia of Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_212_212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_212_212"><span class="label">212</span></a> The same as the Batis of the Greeks, Hardouin thinks, the Raia -batis, a kind of skate.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_213_213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_213_213"><span class="label">213</span></a> See B. ix. c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_214_214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_214_214"><span class="label">214</span></a> See the preceding <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_215_215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_215_215"><span class="label">215</span></a> See c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13">13</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_216_216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_216_216"><span class="label">216</span></a> See B. ix. c. 71.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_217_217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_217_217"><span class="label">217</span></a> As to “nitrum,” see B. xxxi. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_218_218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_218_218"><span class="label">218</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 43.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_219_219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_219_219"><span class="label">219</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_189_189">189</a> to Chapter 23 of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_220_220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_220_220"><span class="label">220</span></a> “Canicula.” See B. ix. cc. 11, 70.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_221_221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_221_221"><span class="label">221</span></a> Or sting-ray.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_222_222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_222_222"><span class="label">222</span></a> Tunny cut in slices. See B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_223_223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_223_223"><span class="label">223</span></a> See end of B. xxxi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_224_224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_224_224"><span class="label">224</span></a> For the purpose, probably, of assuaging the pain of tooth-ache by -their coolness.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_225_225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_225_225"><span class="label">225</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 40, 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_226_226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_226_226"><span class="label">226</span></a> “Cetum.” See B. ix. cc. 40, 74.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_227_227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_227_227"><span class="label">227</span></a> Ajasson is of opinion that here and in c. 19 Pliny has mistaken the -<em>otter</em> for a serpent, the mammiferæ only having eye or canine teeth. -Aristotle, Hist. Anim. B. i. c. i., calls the otter by the name of “Enhydris.” -See B. xxx. c. 8, where Pliny speaks of the “Enhydris” as a -“male white serpent.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_228_228"></a><a href="#FNanchor_228_228"><span class="label">228</span></a> Or seal. See B. ix. c. 15.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_229_229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_229_229"><span class="label">229</span></a> See B. ix. c. 42. Holland calls the mæna the “cackerel.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_230_230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_230_230"><span class="label">230</span></a> Or sting-ray.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_231_231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_231_231"><span class="label">231</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_232_232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_232_232"><span class="label">232</span></a> Much like the cod-liver oil, held in such high repute at the present day.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_233_233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_233_233"><span class="label">233</span></a> “Icthyocolla.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24">24</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_234_234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_234_234"><span class="label">234</span></a> Of course this assertion as to the nest of the kingfisher is altogether -fabulous, and the sea-productions here described by Pliny were long considered, -though destitute of leaves, flowers, and fruit, to belong to the -vegetable kingdom. Peyssonnel, however, made the discovery that they -belong to the animal kingdom, and that they owe their origin to a species -of polyp.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_235_235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_235_235"><span class="label">235</span></a> Or kingfisher. See B. x. c. 47.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_236_236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_236_236"><span class="label">236</span></a> “Oculorum cicatrices.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_237_237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_237_237"><span class="label">237</span></a> See end of B. xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_238_238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_238_238"><span class="label">238</span></a> See end of B. viii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_239_239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_239_239"><span class="label">239</span></a> See B. ix. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_240_240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_240_240"><span class="label">240</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 40, 67. The Bamberg MS. has here “rhine,” (the -fish again mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book) instead of “rana;” a -reading which Sillig rejects. Hardouin conjectures that “raia” is the -correct reading, the sea-frog having no sting or stickle in the tail.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_241_241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_241_241"><span class="label">241</span></a> See B. ix. c. 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_242_242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_242_242"><span class="label">242</span></a> Or sea-lizard, a fish again mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book. -Ælian also speaks of it, Hist. Nat. B. xii. c. 25; but it has not been -hitherto identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_243_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_243_243"><span class="label">243</span></a> See c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_25">25</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_244_244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_244_244"><span class="label">244</span></a> See c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_245_245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_245_245"><span class="label">245</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 43.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_246_246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_246_246"><span class="label">246</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_247_247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_247_247"><span class="label">247</span></a> It is not clear whether he means the gum ammoniac of B. xii. c. 49, -and B. xxiv. c. 14, or the sal ammoniac of B. xxxi. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_248_248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_248_248"><span class="label">248</span></a> “Saliva.” See the recipe of Sallustius Dionysius in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_26">26</a> of -this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_249_249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_249_249"><span class="label">249</span></a> The Dryophites of Rondelet, Dalechamps says.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_250_250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_250_250"><span class="label">250</span></a> Identical with the Strombus of cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_39">39</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_46">46</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_251_251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_251_251"><span class="label">251</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_252_252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_252_252"><span class="label">252</span></a> Littré remarks that Pliny here seems to speak of the “Tethea” as -a mollusk; whereas in c. 31, from his expression “Fungorum verius -generis quam piscium,” he would appear to be describing a zoophyte.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_253_253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_253_253"><span class="label">253</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_254_254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_254_254"><span class="label">254</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 24, 48, 67, 74, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_255_255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_255_255"><span class="label">255</span></a> See B. xx. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_256_256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_256_256"><span class="label">256</span></a> A rock fish, according to Athenæus, B. vii. Rondelet, B. vi. c. 7, -identifies it with the fish called <em>girello</em> by the people of Liguria, the <em>donzella</em> -of other districts.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_257_257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_257_257"><span class="label">257</span></a> Sliced tunny. See B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_258_258"></a><a href="#FNanchor_258_258"><span class="label">258</span></a> A genus which comprises the “myes,” mentioned in B. ix. c. 56, -according to Dalechamps.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_259_259"></a><a href="#FNanchor_259_259"><span class="label">259</span></a> See B. ix. c. 60.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_260_260"></a><a href="#FNanchor_260_260"><span class="label">260</span></a> See B. xxi. c. 105.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_261_261"></a><a href="#FNanchor_261_261"><span class="label">261</span></a> See B. xxviii. c. 45, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_20">20</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_262_262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_262_262"><span class="label">262</span></a> Identical with our mussel, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_263_263"></a><a href="#FNanchor_263_263"><span class="label">263</span></a> Holland identifies this with the cockle, but it is probably a smaller -kind of mussel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_264_264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_264_264"><span class="label">264</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_50">50</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_265_265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_265_265"><span class="label">265</span></a> We learn from Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book, that one class of the -“Chamæ,” or gaping cockles, was known as “Pelorides.” Horace also -mentions them.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_266_266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_266_266"><span class="label">266</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_267_267"></a><a href="#FNanchor_267_267"><span class="label">267</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_251_251">251</a> above. Sillig would here read “tetheum,” apparently, -in the singular.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_268_268"></a><a href="#FNanchor_268_268"><span class="label">268</span></a> Described in B. xxvii. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_269_269"></a><a href="#FNanchor_269_269"><span class="label">269</span></a> A city not far from the Canopic branch of the Nile.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_270_270"></a><a href="#FNanchor_270_270"><span class="label">270</span></a> “Dantur” seems a preferable reading to “datur.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_271_271"></a><a href="#FNanchor_271_271"><span class="label">271</span></a> See B. ix c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_272_272"></a><a href="#FNanchor_272_272"><span class="label">272</span></a> Our crawfish, the Astacus potamobios of Leach.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_273_273"></a><a href="#FNanchor_273_273"><span class="label">273</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_274_274"></a><a href="#FNanchor_274_274"><span class="label">274</span></a> See B. xix. c. 27, and B, xxv. c. 64.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_275_275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_275_275"><span class="label">275</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 23, 77.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_276_276"></a><a href="#FNanchor_276_276"><span class="label">276</span></a> See end of B. xxxi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_277_277"></a><a href="#FNanchor_277_277"><span class="label">277</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 20, 24, 36.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_278_278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_278_278"><span class="label">278</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 24, 48, 67, 74, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_279_279"></a><a href="#FNanchor_279_279"><span class="label">279</span></a> “Rhombus.” See B. ix. cc. 20, 36, 67, 79.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_280_280"></a><a href="#FNanchor_280_280"><span class="label">280</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_23">23</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_34">34</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_30">30</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_281_281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_281_281"><span class="label">281</span></a> Rondelet, B. vi. c. 19, suggests “capite”—“in the head”—but the -present reading is supported by the text of Plinius Valerianus, B. ii. c. 39, -and of Marcus Empiricus, c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_282_282"></a><a href="#FNanchor_282_282"><span class="label">282</span></a> As to the identity of the Enhydris, see Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_19">19</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_26">26</a> of the -present Book: also B. xxx. c. 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_283_283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_283_283"><span class="label">283</span></a> Probably the <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Βλεννὸς</span> of Oppian, B. i. c. 108. Dalechamps identifies it -with the mullet called “myxon,” apparently the same fish as the “bacchus” -mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_25">25</a> of this Book. Rondelet appears to identify it -with some other sea-fish, small, and extremely rare. On the other hand, -the fish mentioned by Oppian is thought by Littré to be the “gobius” -of the Latins, (“gobio” or “cobio,” mentioned by Pliny in B. ix. c. 83, -and in c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of the present Book), which is generally considered the same -as our gudgeon, and was a worthless fish, “vilis piscis,” as Juvenal says. -One of the Linnæan orders of fishes is called “Blennius,” the blenny.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_284_284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_284_284"><span class="label">284</span></a> See B. ix. c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_285_285"></a><a href="#FNanchor_285_285"><span class="label">285</span></a> See B. ix. c. 68.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_286_286"></a><a href="#FNanchor_286_286"><span class="label">286</span></a> Or sea-lungs. See B. ix. c. 71, and B. xviii. c. 85.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_287_287"></a><a href="#FNanchor_287_287"><span class="label">287</span></a> Or crawfish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_288_288"></a><a href="#FNanchor_288_288"><span class="label">288</span></a> “Pectines.” See B. ix. cc. 51, 52, 68, 74, 112.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_289_289"></a><a href="#FNanchor_289_289"><span class="label">289</span></a> Athenæus adds a fourth name, “solen;” and a fifth was “dactylus,” -see B. ix. c. 87. According to Dalechamps, the name “donax” was -given to one kind of scallop, from its fancied resemblance to a thick, -hollow, river-reed, and that of “onyx” from the resemblance of its colour -to that of the finger-nails.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_290_290"></a><a href="#FNanchor_290_290"><span class="label">290</span></a> It is not improbable that he may mean the same animal that has been -mentioned in cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_19">19</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_26">26</a> of this Book, the Enhydris. See also B. -xxx. c. 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_291_291"></a><a href="#FNanchor_291_291"><span class="label">291</span></a> See B. xxix. c. 22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_292_292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_292_292"><span class="label">292</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_293_293"></a><a href="#FNanchor_293_293"><span class="label">293</span></a> See B. ix. c. 42, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_27">27</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_294_294"></a><a href="#FNanchor_294_294"><span class="label">294</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 18, 19, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_295_295"></a><a href="#FNanchor_295_295"><span class="label">295</span></a> Salted tunny. See B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_296_296"></a><a href="#FNanchor_296_296"><span class="label">296</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 24, 48, 74, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_297_297"></a><a href="#FNanchor_297_297"><span class="label">297</span></a> Our crawfish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_298_298"></a><a href="#FNanchor_298_298"><span class="label">298</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 24, 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_299_299"></a><a href="#FNanchor_299_299"><span class="label">299</span></a> See B. ix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_300_300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_300_300"><span class="label">300</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_23">23</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24">24</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_30">30</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_32">32</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of the present Book. Also B. -xx. c. 53.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_301_301"></a><a href="#FNanchor_301_301"><span class="label">301</span></a> See B. ix. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_302_302"></a><a href="#FNanchor_302_302"><span class="label">302</span></a> “Perca.” See B. ix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_303_303"></a><a href="#FNanchor_303_303"><span class="label">303</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_294_294">294</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_304_304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_304_304"><span class="label">304</span></a> See B. ix. c. 14.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_305_305"></a><a href="#FNanchor_305_305"><span class="label">305</span></a> In B. ix. c. 14.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_306_306"></a><a href="#FNanchor_306_306"><span class="label">306</span></a> Ajasson remarks that many writers have identified the Smaris with the -Sardine or the Anchovy. In his opinion, however, it is neither; but he -thinks that under this head were included seven or eight varieties of the -Pickerel, the principal of which are, the Sparus smaris of Linnæus and -Lacépède, the Sparus mana of Linnæus, or Sparus mendola of Lacépède, -and the Sparus haffara of Lacépède and Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_307_307"></a><a href="#FNanchor_307_307"><span class="label">307</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_22">22</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_308_308"></a><a href="#FNanchor_308_308"><span class="label">308</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_309_309"></a><a href="#FNanchor_309_309"><span class="label">309</span></a> Literally, the “little serpent.” Some think that it is the Ophidium -barbatum of Linnæus. Rondelet identifies it, B. xiv. c. 2, with the small -fish called <em>donzella</em> by the people of Montpellier. See c. 31, Note <a href="#Footnote_256_256">256</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_310_310"></a><a href="#FNanchor_310_310"><span class="label">310</span></a> See B. xxx. c. 22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_311_311"></a><a href="#FNanchor_311_311"><span class="label">311</span></a> See B. xiv. c. 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_312_312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_312_312"><span class="label">312</span></a> “Rubetæ.” See c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_18">18</a> of this Book; also B. viii. c. 48; B. xi. cc. 19, -76, 116, and B. xxv. c. 76.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_313_313"></a><a href="#FNanchor_313_313"><span class="label">313</span></a> See B. ix. c. 72; B. xxv. c. 77, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_3">3</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_314_314"></a><a href="#FNanchor_314_314"><span class="label">314</span></a> Or seal-skin. See B. viii. c. 49, and B. ix. c. 15.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_315_315"></a><a href="#FNanchor_315_315"><span class="label">315</span></a> In B. xxvii. c. 33.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_316_316"></a><a href="#FNanchor_316_316"><span class="label">316</span></a> In B. xxvi. c. 66.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_317_317"></a><a href="#FNanchor_317_317"><span class="label">317</span></a> Or “sea-lungs.” See B. ix. c. 71, B. xviii. c. 5, and Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_32">32</a>, -<a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_46">46</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_52">52</a> of the present Book. Ajasson remarks that this is still the -common name of many kinds of Medusæ.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_318_318"></a><a href="#FNanchor_318_318"><span class="label">318</span></a> Our crawfish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_319_319"></a><a href="#FNanchor_319_319"><span class="label">319</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_320_320"></a><a href="#FNanchor_320_320"><span class="label">320</span></a> “Mituli.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_31">31</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_321_321"></a><a href="#FNanchor_321_321"><span class="label">321</span></a> In B. viii. c. 49.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_322_322"></a><a href="#FNanchor_322_322"><span class="label">322</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_314_314">314</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_323_323"></a><a href="#FNanchor_323_323"><span class="label">323</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13">13</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_324_324"></a><a href="#FNanchor_324_324"><span class="label">324</span></a> See B. ix. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_325_325"></a><a href="#FNanchor_325_325"><span class="label">325</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 35, 76.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_326_326"></a><a href="#FNanchor_326_326"><span class="label">326</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_327_327"></a><a href="#FNanchor_327_327"><span class="label">327</span></a> See B. ix. c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_328_328"></a><a href="#FNanchor_328_328"><span class="label">328</span></a> See B. ix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_329_329"></a><a href="#FNanchor_329_329"><span class="label">329</span></a> “Ablatis unguibus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_330_330"></a><a href="#FNanchor_330_330"><span class="label">330</span></a> “Rubeta.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_331_331"></a><a href="#FNanchor_331_331"><span class="label">331</span></a> Our crawfish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_332_332"></a><a href="#FNanchor_332_332"><span class="label">332</span></a> Because the nightingale sings at night, instead of sleeping.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_333_333"></a><a href="#FNanchor_333_333"><span class="label">333</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 2, 5, 6, 7, 15.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_334_334"></a><a href="#FNanchor_334_334"><span class="label">334</span></a> Or seal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_335_335"></a><a href="#FNanchor_335_335"><span class="label">335</span></a> “Spondylus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_336_336"></a><a href="#FNanchor_336_336"><span class="label">336</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_29">29</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_337_337"></a><a href="#FNanchor_337_337"><span class="label">337</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_30">30</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_31">31</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_338_338"></a><a href="#FNanchor_338_338"><span class="label">338</span></a> See B. xviii. c. 19.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_339_339"></a><a href="#FNanchor_339_339"><span class="label">339</span></a> “Crebriore anhelitu.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_340_340"></a><a href="#FNanchor_340_340"><span class="label">340</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_341_341"></a><a href="#FNanchor_341_341"><span class="label">341</span></a> Or sting-ray. See B. ix. cc. 37, 40, 67, 72.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_342_342"></a><a href="#FNanchor_342_342"><span class="label">342</span></a> Ichthyocolla. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24">24</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_343_343"></a><a href="#FNanchor_343_343"><span class="label">343</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_344_344"></a><a href="#FNanchor_344_344"><span class="label">344</span></a> See B. ix. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_345_345"></a><a href="#FNanchor_345_345"><span class="label">345</span></a> See B. ix. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_346_346"></a><a href="#FNanchor_346_346"><span class="label">346</span></a> This seems to be the meaning of “naturâ dissidente,” if it is the -correct reading. That, however, suggested by Dalechamps would seem -to be preferable, “naturâ retinente,”—“it being the nature of its flesh to -cling to the knife.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_347_347"></a><a href="#FNanchor_347_347"><span class="label">347</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24">24</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_348_348"></a><a href="#FNanchor_348_348"><span class="label">348</span></a> “Calami.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_349_349"></a><a href="#FNanchor_349_349"><span class="label">349</span></a> “Bloodsuckers.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_350_350"></a><a href="#FNanchor_350_350"><span class="label">350</span></a> “Cucurbitæ medicinales.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_351_351"></a><a href="#FNanchor_351_351"><span class="label">351</span></a> This does not appear to be considered the case at the present day.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_352_352"></a><a href="#FNanchor_352_352"><span class="label">352</span></a> A method still employed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_353_353"></a><a href="#FNanchor_353_353"><span class="label">353</span></a> See B. x. c. 27.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_354_354"></a><a href="#FNanchor_354_354"><span class="label">354</span></a> “Invehunt virus remedio verso.” The reading is probably corrupt, -but the meaning is pretty evident.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_355_355"></a><a href="#FNanchor_355_355"><span class="label">355</span></a> See B. xxix. c. 17, and c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_47">47</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_356_356"></a><a href="#FNanchor_356_356"><span class="label">356</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_357_357"></a><a href="#FNanchor_357_357"><span class="label">357</span></a> See B. ix. c. 17. Ajasson says that it is also found of enormous -size, in the Danube and in the Theisse.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_358_358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_358_358"><span class="label">358</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_33">33</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_359_359"></a><a href="#FNanchor_359_359"><span class="label">359</span></a> See B. ix. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_360_360"></a><a href="#FNanchor_360_360"><span class="label">360</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_356_356">356</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_361_361"></a><a href="#FNanchor_361_361"><span class="label">361</span></a> “Cunila capitata.” See B. xx. c. 65.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_362_362"></a><a href="#FNanchor_362_362"><span class="label">362</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_363_363"></a><a href="#FNanchor_363_363"><span class="label">363</span></a> Tunny sliced and salted; see B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_364_364"></a><a href="#FNanchor_364_364"><span class="label">364</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 44.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_365_365"></a><a href="#FNanchor_365_365"><span class="label">365</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 24, 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_366_366"></a><a href="#FNanchor_366_366"><span class="label">366</span></a> See B. ix. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_367_367"></a><a href="#FNanchor_367_367"><span class="label">367</span></a> See B. ix. c. 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_368_368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_368_368"><span class="label">368</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_359_359">359</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_369_369"></a><a href="#FNanchor_369_369"><span class="label">369</span></a> “Thymia.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_370_370"></a><a href="#FNanchor_370_370"><span class="label">370</span></a> Ajasson thinks that the ancients knew but one kind of sea-scorpion, -but in different states, the Cottus scorpius, probably, of Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_371_371"></a><a href="#FNanchor_371_371"><span class="label">371</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_34">34</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_372_372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_372_372"><span class="label">372</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_364_364">364</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_373_373"></a><a href="#FNanchor_373_373"><span class="label">373</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_359_359">359</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_374_374"></a><a href="#FNanchor_374_374"><span class="label">374</span></a> This fish has not been identified. It is possible, however, that it -may be the same as the “glaucus” mentioned in B ix. c. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_375_375"></a><a href="#FNanchor_375_375"><span class="label">375</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_371_371">371</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_376_376"></a><a href="#FNanchor_376_376"><span class="label">376</span></a> See B. xxvi. c. 92.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_377_377"></a><a href="#FNanchor_377_377"><span class="label">377</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 14, 40, 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_378_378"></a><a href="#FNanchor_378_378"><span class="label">378</span></a> An asserted remedy, founded, as Ajasson remarks, upon nothing but -a pun, the resemblance between <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">δελφὶς</span>, a “dolphin,” and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">δελφὺς</span>, the -“womb.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_379_379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_379_379"><span class="label">379</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_29">29</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_39">39</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_380_380"></a><a href="#FNanchor_380_380"><span class="label">380</span></a> See B. ix. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_381_381"></a><a href="#FNanchor_381_381"><span class="label">381</span></a> See B. xx. c. 65.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_382_382"></a><a href="#FNanchor_382_382"><span class="label">382</span></a> In other words, seal-oil.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_383_383"></a><a href="#FNanchor_383_383"><span class="label">383</span></a> Or sea-lungs. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_384_384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_384_384"><span class="label">384</span></a> Or crawfish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_385_385"></a><a href="#FNanchor_385_385"><span class="label">385</span></a> See B. ix. c. 17; also Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_43">43</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_386_386"></a><a href="#FNanchor_386_386"><span class="label">386</span></a> Meaning Egypt, probably; see the passages referred to in the preceding -note.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_387_387"></a><a href="#FNanchor_387_387"><span class="label">387</span></a> De Morb. Mulier. I. 128.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_388_388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_388_388"><span class="label">388</span></a> We would adopt the suggestion of M. Ian, and read “quinis cum,” -in preference to “cum quinis;” “fire crabs with roots of lapathum and -rue.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_389_389"></a><a href="#FNanchor_389_389"><span class="label">389</span></a> See B. xx. c. 85.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_390_390"></a><a href="#FNanchor_390_390"><span class="label">390</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13">13</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_391_391"></a><a href="#FNanchor_391_391"><span class="label">391</span></a> See B. xii. c. 57.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_392_392"></a><a href="#FNanchor_392_392"><span class="label">392</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 24, 48, 74, 75.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_393_393"></a><a href="#FNanchor_393_393"><span class="label">393</span></a> Or sting-ray. See B. ix. c. 72.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_394_394"></a><a href="#FNanchor_394_394"><span class="label">394</span></a> The callosity is here meant, Hardouin supposes, which covers the -purple in the shell. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_41">41</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_395_395"></a><a href="#FNanchor_395_395"><span class="label">395</span></a> “Salis flore.” See B. xxxi. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_396_396"></a><a href="#FNanchor_396_396"><span class="label">396</span></a> “Cedrium.” See B. xvi. c. 21, and B. xxiv. c. 11.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_397_397"></a><a href="#FNanchor_397_397"><span class="label">397</span></a> See end of B. xxviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_398_398"></a><a href="#FNanchor_398_398"><span class="label">398</span></a> Or “sea-lungs.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_399_399"></a><a href="#FNanchor_399_399"><span class="label">399</span></a> See B. ix. c. 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_400_400"></a><a href="#FNanchor_400_400"><span class="label">400</span></a> See B. ix. c. 68.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_401_401"></a><a href="#FNanchor_401_401"><span class="label">401</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_392_392">392</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_402_402"></a><a href="#FNanchor_402_402"><span class="label">402</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24">24</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_403_403"></a><a href="#FNanchor_403_403"><span class="label">403</span></a> See the preceding Note.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_404_404"></a><a href="#FNanchor_404_404"><span class="label">404</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_42">42</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_405_405"></a><a href="#FNanchor_405_405"><span class="label">405</span></a> In the case of infants, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_406_406"></a><a href="#FNanchor_406_406"><span class="label">406</span></a> “Canicula.” See B. ix. cc. 11, 70.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_407_407"></a><a href="#FNanchor_407_407"><span class="label">407</span></a> Or “crawfish.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_408_408"></a><a href="#FNanchor_408_408"><span class="label">408</span></a> “Crebro humefacto” seems a preferable reading to “cerebro humefacto” -though supported by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_409_409"></a><a href="#FNanchor_409_409"><span class="label">409</span></a> See B. xxii. c. 29, and B. xxx. c. 47.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_410_410"></a><a href="#FNanchor_410_410"><span class="label">410</span></a> See B. ix. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_411_411"></a><a href="#FNanchor_411_411"><span class="label">411</span></a> Identified with the “erythinus” of B. ix. c. 23, and mentioned in the -next Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_412_412"></a><a href="#FNanchor_412_412"><span class="label">412</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_413_413"></a><a href="#FNanchor_413_413"><span class="label">413</span></a> Or Remora. See B. ix. c. 41.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_414_414"></a><a href="#FNanchor_414_414"><span class="label">414</span></a> See B. viii. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_415_415"></a><a href="#FNanchor_415_415"><span class="label">415</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_392_392">392</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_416_416"></a><a href="#FNanchor_416_416"><span class="label">416</span></a> See B. ix. c. 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_417_417"></a><a href="#FNanchor_417_417"><span class="label">417</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24">24</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_418_418"></a><a href="#FNanchor_418_418"><span class="label">418</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_419_419"></a><a href="#FNanchor_419_419"><span class="label">419</span></a> “Rubeta.” See B. viii. c. 48, B. xi. cc. 19, 76, 116, B. xxv. c. 76, -and c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_18">18</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_420_420"></a><a href="#FNanchor_420_420"><span class="label">420</span></a> See B. xv. c. 36, and B. xx. c. 22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_421_421"></a><a href="#FNanchor_421_421"><span class="label">421</span></a> “Remedies for lassitude.” See B. xxiii. cc. 45, 80; B. xxvii. c. 13, -and B. xxix. cc. 13, 37.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_422_422"></a><a href="#FNanchor_422_422"><span class="label">422</span></a> See B. xvi. c. 66, and B. xxiv. c. 50.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_423_423"></a><a href="#FNanchor_423_423"><span class="label">423</span></a> See B. xvi. c. 66, and B. xxiv. c. 50.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_424_424"></a><a href="#FNanchor_424_424"><span class="label">424</span></a> See B. xxiv. c. 50.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_425_425"></a><a href="#FNanchor_425_425"><span class="label">425</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 20, 44, 74, 78.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_426_426"></a><a href="#FNanchor_426_426"><span class="label">426</span></a> “Ablato priore lumine.” Hardouin justly ridicules this assertion. -This ink, as Ajasson remarks, is intensely black.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_427_427"></a><a href="#FNanchor_427_427"><span class="label">427</span></a> See B. ix. c. 71, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_428_428"></a><a href="#FNanchor_428_428"><span class="label">428</span></a> This <em>seems</em> to be the meaning of “adeo ut baculum ita præluceat.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_429_429"></a><a href="#FNanchor_429_429"><span class="label">429</span></a> Some MSS. have here “164,” the Bamberg MS. and others “144.” -Owing to the corrupt state of the text in many parts of this Chapter, it is -impossible to say which reading is correct.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_430_430"></a><a href="#FNanchor_430_430"><span class="label">430</span></a> “Invenire non potuimus” seems a preferable reading to “invenire -potuimus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_431_431"></a><a href="#FNanchor_431_431"><span class="label">431</span></a> Modern Ceylon. See B. vi. cc. 23, 24, B. vii. c. 2, and B. ix. c. 54.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_432_432"></a><a href="#FNanchor_432_432"><span class="label">432</span></a> “Quæ nascuntur certa sunt.” A bold assertion. The various fishes -now known amount to many thousands; and there are still vast numbers, -no doubt, with which science has not hitherto become acquainted.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_433_433"></a><a href="#FNanchor_433_433"><span class="label">433</span></a> “Belluæ.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_434_434"></a><a href="#FNanchor_434_434"><span class="label">434</span></a> He may possibly allude to the plants mentioned in B. xiii. cc. 48, 49, -50, 51, and 52; though Hardouin seems to think it impossible to discover -what he means, seeing that he is speaking of sea-monsters, beings -with animal life. See also B. ix. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_435_435"></a><a href="#FNanchor_435_435"><span class="label">435</span></a> See B. ix. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_436_436"></a><a href="#FNanchor_436_436"><span class="label">436</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 2, 5.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_437_437"></a><a href="#FNanchor_437_437"><span class="label">437</span></a> See B. ix. c. 3; probably the same as the “pristis” of B. ix. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_438_438"></a><a href="#FNanchor_438_438"><span class="label">438</span></a> See B. ix. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_439_439"></a><a href="#FNanchor_439_439"><span class="label">439</span></a> See B. ix. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_440_440"></a><a href="#FNanchor_440_440"><span class="label">440</span></a> See B. ix. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_441_441"></a><a href="#FNanchor_441_441"><span class="label">441</span></a> “Homines marini.” See B. ix. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_442_442"></a><a href="#FNanchor_442_442"><span class="label">442</span></a> See B. ix. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_443_443"></a><a href="#FNanchor_443_443"><span class="label">443</span></a> See B. ix. c. 5.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_444_444"></a><a href="#FNanchor_444_444"><span class="label">444</span></a> See B. ix. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_445_445"></a><a href="#FNanchor_445_445"><span class="label">445</span></a> See B. ix. c. 88, and B. xi. c. 62.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_446_446"></a><a href="#FNanchor_446_446"><span class="label">446</span></a> See B. ix. c. 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_447_447"></a><a href="#FNanchor_447_447"><span class="label">447</span></a> See B. ix. c. 7.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_448_448"></a><a href="#FNanchor_448_448"><span class="label">448</span></a> See B. ix. c. 15.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_449_449"></a><a href="#FNanchor_449_449"><span class="label">449</span></a> Odyssey, B. iv. l. 436.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_450_450"></a><a href="#FNanchor_450_450"><span class="label">450</span></a> Turtles. See B. ix. c. 13.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_451_451"></a><a href="#FNanchor_451_451"><span class="label">451</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_452_452"></a><a href="#FNanchor_452_452"><span class="label">452</span></a> See B. viii. c. 47; also Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_26">26</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_32">32</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_453_453"></a><a href="#FNanchor_453_453"><span class="label">453</span></a> See B. ix. c. 70.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_454_454"></a><a href="#FNanchor_454_454"><span class="label">454</span></a> The name of a fish unknown. Sillig conjectures that Pliny may -have had in view the fish called “dromades” by Aristotle. “Dromones” -is another reading, a sort of small crab.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_455_455"></a><a href="#FNanchor_455_455"><span class="label">455</span></a> Littré translates this “horned ray.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_456_456"></a><a href="#FNanchor_456_456"><span class="label">456</span></a> “Gladii.” See B. ix. cc. 1, 21; the same, probably as the “xiphias” -mentioned at the end of this Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_457_457"></a><a href="#FNanchor_457_457"><span class="label">457</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_458_458"></a><a href="#FNanchor_458_458"><span class="label">458</span></a> See B. viii. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_459_459"></a><a href="#FNanchor_459_459"><span class="label">459</span></a> See B. viii. c. 37.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_460_460"></a><a href="#FNanchor_460_460"><span class="label">460</span></a> See B. ix. c. 18, 20. Holland says, “Some take ‘thynni’ for the -milters and ‘thynnides’ for the spawners.” In this translation, however, -he identifies the “thynnides” with the “pelamides,” or young tunnies, -mentioned in this Chapter and in B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_461_461"></a><a href="#FNanchor_461_461"><span class="label">461</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 17, 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_462_462"></a><a href="#FNanchor_462_462"><span class="label">462</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 24, 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_463_463"></a><a href="#FNanchor_463_463"><span class="label">463</span></a> “Percæ.” See B. ix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_464_464"></a><a href="#FNanchor_464_464"><span class="label">464</span></a> See B. ix. c. 27.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_465_465"></a><a href="#FNanchor_465_465"><span class="label">465</span></a> “Aurata.” See B. ix. c. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_466_466"></a><a href="#FNanchor_466_466"><span class="label">466</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 25, 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_467_467"></a><a href="#FNanchor_467_467"><span class="label">467</span></a> Considered by some to be the whiting. Littré identifies it with the -Perca labrax of Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_468_468"></a><a href="#FNanchor_468_468"><span class="label">468</span></a> See B. ix. c. 74; where it is called “apua.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_469_469"></a><a href="#FNanchor_469_469"><span class="label">469</span></a> The “sea-fox.” See B. ix. c. 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_470_470"></a><a href="#FNanchor_470_470"><span class="label">470</span></a> “Anguilla.” See B. ix. cc. 2, 37, 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_471_471"></a><a href="#FNanchor_471_471"><span class="label">471</span></a> Or sea-spider. See B. ix. c. 72.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_472_472"></a><a href="#FNanchor_472_472"><span class="label">472</span></a> The same as the <em>bogue</em> of the coasts of Narbonne, according to Rondelet, -B. v. c. 11.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_473_473"></a><a href="#FNanchor_473_473"><span class="label">473</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_25">25</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_474_474"></a><a href="#FNanchor_474_474"><span class="label">474</span></a> See B. ix. c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_475_475"></a><a href="#FNanchor_475_475"><span class="label">475</span></a> Or frog-fish. See B. ix. c. 40.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_476_476"></a><a href="#FNanchor_476_476"><span class="label">476</span></a> “Sea-needles.” Identified by some with the horn-fish, horn-back, -or needle-fish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_477_477"></a><a href="#FNanchor_477_477"><span class="label">477</span></a> “Needle-fish.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_478_478"></a><a href="#FNanchor_478_478"><span class="label">478</span></a> “Acorn-fish.” A shell-fish, according to Rondelet, B. i. c. 30, -which frequents the clefts of rocks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_479_479"></a><a href="#FNanchor_479_479"><span class="label">479</span></a> “Sea-raven.” According to some authorities, identical with the -Trigla hirundo of Linnæus. Hardouin says that it is the fish called <em>capone</em> -by the people of Rome.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_480_480"></a><a href="#FNanchor_480_480"><span class="label">480</span></a> See B. ix. c. 71.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_481_481"></a><a href="#FNanchor_481_481"><span class="label">481</span></a> The same, probably, as the “gobio,” mentioned in B. ix. c. 83.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_482_482"></a><a href="#FNanchor_482_482"><span class="label">482</span></a> See B. ix. c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_483_483"></a><a href="#FNanchor_483_483"><span class="label">483</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 25, 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_484_484"></a><a href="#FNanchor_484_484"><span class="label">484</span></a> Thought by some to be a kind of mackerel, by others to be a tunny. -Rondelet says, B. viii. c. 8, that it is a fish still called <em>coguiol</em> by the people -of Marseilles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_485_485"></a><a href="#FNanchor_485_485"><span class="label">485</span></a> In the Hellespont.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_486_486"></a><a href="#FNanchor_486_486"><span class="label">486</span></a> Or Sexis, according to Pintianus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_487_487"></a><a href="#FNanchor_487_487"><span class="label">487</span></a> Or “sea-lizards.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_488_488"></a><a href="#FNanchor_488_488"><span class="label">488</span></a> See B. ix. c. 18. He surely does not intend to include this among -his “one hundred and seventy-six different kinds of aquatic animals”!</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_489_489"></a><a href="#FNanchor_489_489"><span class="label">489</span></a> Or young tunny. See B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_490_490"></a><a href="#FNanchor_490_490"><span class="label">490</span></a> See B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_491_491"></a><a href="#FNanchor_491_491"><span class="label">491</span></a> Rondelet says, B. v. c. 4, that it is a fish still known (in his time) -as <em>cantheno</em>, by the people of Narbonne. Ovid, in his Halieuticon, l. 103, -speaks of the unpleasant flavour of its juices.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_492_492"></a><a href="#FNanchor_492_492"><span class="label">492</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_24">24</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_493_493"></a><a href="#FNanchor_493_493"><span class="label">493</span></a> Of course, as Hardouin says, he does not include the shell-fishes in -this assertion. The fish with this uncomplimentary name has not been -identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_494_494"></a><a href="#FNanchor_494_494"><span class="label">494</span></a> “Urtica.” See B. ix. c. 68.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_495_495"></a><a href="#FNanchor_495_495"><span class="label">495</span></a> See B. ix. c. 51.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_496_496"></a><a href="#FNanchor_496_496"><span class="label">496</span></a> Or “chamæ;” different varieties of gaping cockles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_497_497"></a><a href="#FNanchor_497_497"><span class="label">497</span></a> Or “monster” cockles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_498_498"></a><a href="#FNanchor_498_498"><span class="label">498</span></a> Or “sweet” cockles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_499_499"></a><a href="#FNanchor_499_499"><span class="label">499</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_27">27</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_500_500"></a><a href="#FNanchor_500_500"><span class="label">500</span></a> See B. ix. c. 54.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_501_501"></a><a href="#FNanchor_501_501"><span class="label">501</span></a> Or “cochli.” As to the various kinds of cochleæ, see B. ix. c. 51.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_502_502"></a><a href="#FNanchor_502_502"><span class="label">502</span></a> “Five-fingered.” So called from some peculiarity in their shape.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_503_503"></a><a href="#FNanchor_503_503"><span class="label">503</span></a> Considered by some to be the striated mussel, the Pecten of Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_504_504"></a><a href="#FNanchor_504_504"><span class="label">504</span></a> “Radii.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_505_505"></a><a href="#FNanchor_505_505"><span class="label">505</span></a> This is not improbably the meaning of the very elliptical sentence, -“Quibus radii cantant.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_506_506"></a><a href="#FNanchor_506_506"><span class="label">506</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_507_507"></a><a href="#FNanchor_507_507"><span class="label">507</span></a> The “dog’s-face,” literally. This fish has not been identified: indeed -the reading is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_508_508"></a><a href="#FNanchor_508_508"><span class="label">508</span></a> A kind of crab or crayfish. See B. xxvii. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_509_509"></a><a href="#FNanchor_509_509"><span class="label">509</span></a> Literally, the “dog’s right hand.” This fish has not been identified: -Hardouin suggests that it may have been a zoöphyte.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_510_510"></a><a href="#FNanchor_510_510"><span class="label">510</span></a> See B. ix. c. 43, and Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_17">17</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_26">26</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_511_511"></a><a href="#FNanchor_511_511"><span class="label">511</span></a> Or “little dragon.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_512_512"></a><a href="#FNanchor_512_512"><span class="label">512</span></a> The sea-scorpion, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_513_513"></a><a href="#FNanchor_513_513"><span class="label">513</span></a> See B. ix. c. 23; also Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_31">31</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_50">50</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_514_514"></a><a href="#FNanchor_514_514"><span class="label">514</span></a> Or Remora. See B. ix. c. 41; also Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_1">1</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_515_515"></a><a href="#FNanchor_515_515"><span class="label">515</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 14, 74.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_516_516"></a><a href="#FNanchor_516_516"><span class="label">516</span></a> See B. ix. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_517_517"></a><a href="#FNanchor_517_517"><span class="label">517</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_46">46</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_518_518"></a><a href="#FNanchor_518_518"><span class="label">518</span></a> See B. ix. c. 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_519_519"></a><a href="#FNanchor_519_519"><span class="label">519</span></a> Possibly the same as the “Conger” of B. ix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_520_520"></a><a href="#FNanchor_520_520"><span class="label">520</span></a> A fish similar, most probably, to the “gerricula” previously mentioned. -Holland calls it a “pilchard” or “herring.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_521_521"></a><a href="#FNanchor_521_521"><span class="label">521</span></a> A kind of squalus. See B. ix. c. 70.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_522_522"></a><a href="#FNanchor_522_522"><span class="label">522</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 43.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_523_523"></a><a href="#FNanchor_523_523"><span class="label">523</span></a> Or “horse.” The crab, probably, mentioned in B. ix. c. 51.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_524_524"></a><a href="#FNanchor_524_524"><span class="label">524</span></a> See B. ix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_525_525"></a><a href="#FNanchor_525_525"><span class="label">525</span></a> Or sea-swallow. See B. ix. c. 43.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_526_526"></a><a href="#FNanchor_526_526"><span class="label">526</span></a> “Lungs of the sea.” The same as the Pulmones, or sea-lungs mentioned -in B. ix. c. 71, and in Chapter 36 of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_527_527"></a><a href="#FNanchor_527_527"><span class="label">527</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_528_528"></a><a href="#FNanchor_528_528"><span class="label">528</span></a> Or “sea-liver.” A sort of rock-fish, according to Athenæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_529_529"></a><a href="#FNanchor_529_529"><span class="label">529</span></a> The same as the “milvus” or “sea-kite,” mentioned in B. ix. c. 43.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_530_530"></a><a href="#FNanchor_530_530"><span class="label">530</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_31">31</a> of this Book. Instead of this fish and the preceding -one, most of the editions mention the “elacatenes,” a cetaceous fish, according -to Athenæus, much used for salting.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_531_531"></a><a href="#FNanchor_531_531"><span class="label">531</span></a> “Sea-lizards.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_532_532"></a><a href="#FNanchor_532_532"><span class="label">532</span></a> See B. ix. c. 45.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_533_533"></a><a href="#FNanchor_533_533"><span class="label">533</span></a> “Locusta.” See B. ix. c. 50.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_534_534"></a><a href="#FNanchor_534_534"><span class="label">534</span></a> “Lucerna.” See B. ix. c. 43.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_535_535"></a><a href="#FNanchor_535_535"><span class="label">535</span></a> Neither this fish nor the “larinus” has been identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_536_536"></a><a href="#FNanchor_536_536"><span class="label">536</span></a> See B. ix. c. 72, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_3">3</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_537_537"></a><a href="#FNanchor_537_537"><span class="label">537</span></a> See B. ix. c. 51.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_538_538"></a><a href="#FNanchor_538_538"><span class="label">538</span></a> See B. ix. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_539_539"></a><a href="#FNanchor_539_539"><span class="label">539</span></a> See B. ix. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_540_540"></a><a href="#FNanchor_540_540"><span class="label">540</span></a> See B. ix. c. 26.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_541_541"></a><a href="#FNanchor_541_541"><span class="label">541</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_8">8</a> of this Book. Holland translates this—“The blacke -taile perch, (which some take for a ruffe, others for a sea-breame).”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_542_542"></a><a href="#FNanchor_542_542"><span class="label">542</span></a> See B. ix. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_543_543"></a><a href="#FNanchor_543_543"><span class="label">543</span></a> A fish of the Nile, according to Ælian. “Meryx” is another -reading, a kind of Scarus, it is thought.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_544_544"></a><a href="#FNanchor_544_544"><span class="label">544</span></a> See B. ix. c. 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_545_545"></a><a href="#FNanchor_545_545"><span class="label">545</span></a> A shell-fish. See B. ix. c. 56.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_546_546"></a><a href="#FNanchor_546_546"><span class="label">546</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_31">31</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_547_547"></a><a href="#FNanchor_547_547"><span class="label">547</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_31">31</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_548_548"></a><a href="#FNanchor_548_548"><span class="label">548</span></a> See B. ix. c. 61.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_549_549"></a><a href="#FNanchor_549_549"><span class="label">549</span></a> The “eye-fish.” A kind of lamprey has been suggested.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_550_550"></a><a href="#FNanchor_550_550"><span class="label">550</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_35">35</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_551_551"></a><a href="#FNanchor_551_551"><span class="label">551</span></a> See B. ix. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_552_552"></a><a href="#FNanchor_552_552"><span class="label">552</span></a> “Sea-ears.” A kind of oyster, Holland says.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_553_553"></a><a href="#FNanchor_553_553"><span class="label">553</span></a> See B. ix. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_554_554"></a><a href="#FNanchor_554_554"><span class="label">554</span></a> He speaks of it as a kind of Pelamis, a little further on.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_555_555"></a><a href="#FNanchor_555_555"><span class="label">555</span></a> The sun-fish. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_5">5</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_556_556"></a><a href="#FNanchor_556_556"><span class="label">556</span></a> The same, probably, as the “orbis.” See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_5">5</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_9">9</a> of the -present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_557_557"></a><a href="#FNanchor_557_557"><span class="label">557</span></a> Or phagrus. See B. ix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_558_558"></a><a href="#FNanchor_558_558"><span class="label">558</span></a> See B. ix. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_559_559"></a><a href="#FNanchor_559_559"><span class="label">559</span></a> A young tunny. See B. ix. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_560_560"></a><a href="#FNanchor_560_560"><span class="label">560</span></a> A “choice bit.” See B. ix. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_561_561"></a><a href="#FNanchor_561_561"><span class="label">561</span></a> See B. ix. c. 17.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_562_562"></a><a href="#FNanchor_562_562"><span class="label">562</span></a> This fish has not been identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_563_563"></a><a href="#FNanchor_563_563"><span class="label">563</span></a> See B. ix. c. 36.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_564_564"></a><a href="#FNanchor_564_564"><span class="label">564</span></a> Or sting-ray. See B. ix. c. 40.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_565_565"></a><a href="#FNanchor_565_565"><span class="label">565</span></a> See B. ix. c. 48.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_566_566"></a><a href="#FNanchor_566_566"><span class="label">566</span></a> See B. ix. c. 51.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_567_567"></a><a href="#FNanchor_567_567"><span class="label">567</span></a> See B. v. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_568_568"></a><a href="#FNanchor_568_568"><span class="label">568</span></a> Probably the place of that name in Sicily, mentioned in B. ii. c. 94, -and B. iii. c. 14.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_569_569"></a><a href="#FNanchor_569_569"><span class="label">569</span></a> See B. iii. c. 26.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_570_570"></a><a href="#FNanchor_570_570"><span class="label">570</span></a> See B. iii. c. 22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_571_571"></a><a href="#FNanchor_571_571"><span class="label">571</span></a> “Pectunculus.” See Note <a href="#Footnote_566_566">566</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_572_572"></a><a href="#FNanchor_572_572"><span class="label">572</span></a> See B. ix. c. 60.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_573_573"></a><a href="#FNanchor_573_573"><span class="label">573</span></a> An unknown fish. The reading is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_574_574"></a><a href="#FNanchor_574_574"><span class="label">574</span></a> See B. ix. c. 66.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_575_575"></a><a href="#FNanchor_575_575"><span class="label">575</span></a> See B. ix. c. 66.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_576_576"></a><a href="#FNanchor_576_576"><span class="label">576</span></a> See B. ix. c. 40.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_577_577"></a><a href="#FNanchor_577_577"><span class="label">577</span></a> “Rhombus.” See B. ix. c. 36.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_578_578"></a><a href="#FNanchor_578_578"><span class="label">578</span></a> See B. ix. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_579_579"></a><a href="#FNanchor_579_579"><span class="label">579</span></a> See B. ix. c. 36.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_580_580"></a><a href="#FNanchor_580_580"><span class="label">580</span></a> See B. ix. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_581_581"></a><a href="#FNanchor_581_581"><span class="label">581</span></a> The same, perhaps, as the “pinnotheres” of B. ix. c. 66, a kind of -shrimp.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_582_582"></a><a href="#FNanchor_582_582"><span class="label">582</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_17">17</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_583_583"></a><a href="#FNanchor_583_583"><span class="label">583</span></a> See B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_584_584"></a><a href="#FNanchor_584_584"><span class="label">584</span></a> See B. ix. c. 19.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_585_585"></a><a href="#FNanchor_585_585"><span class="label">585</span></a> See B. ix. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_586_586"></a><a href="#FNanchor_586_586"><span class="label">586</span></a> Considered by Sillig to be the same as the “Saurus” of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_28">28</a> of -this Book; the “sea-lizard,” apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_587_587"></a><a href="#FNanchor_587_587"><span class="label">587</span></a> It does not seem to have been identified; though Rondelet says that -it is the same as the <em>Rascasse</em> of the Mediterranean.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_588_588"></a><a href="#FNanchor_588_588"><span class="label">588</span></a> See B. xx. c. 53, and Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_23">23</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_30">30</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_32">32</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_34">34</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_35">35</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_589_589"></a><a href="#FNanchor_589_589"><span class="label">589</span></a> This fish has not been identified; indeed the reading is very doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_590_590"></a><a href="#FNanchor_590_590"><span class="label">590</span></a> See B. ix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_591_591"></a><a href="#FNanchor_591_591"><span class="label">591</span></a> A fish similar to the preceding one, probably; some kind of ombre, -Littré thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_592_592"></a><a href="#FNanchor_592_592"><span class="label">592</span></a> See B. ix. c. 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_593_593"></a><a href="#FNanchor_593_593"><span class="label">593</span></a> Probably the same as the “Myrus” of B. ix. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_594_594"></a><a href="#FNanchor_594_594"><span class="label">594</span></a> See B. ix. c. 45.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_595_595"></a><a href="#FNanchor_595_595"><span class="label">595</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_30">30</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_596_596"></a><a href="#FNanchor_596_596"><span class="label">596</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_32">32</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_597_597"></a><a href="#FNanchor_597_597"><span class="label">597</span></a> A sort of mollusk, Littré thinks. There is a shell-fish known as the -Spondylus gæderopus of Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_598_598"></a><a href="#FNanchor_598_598"><span class="label">598</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_34">34</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_45">45</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_46">46</a>, of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_599_599"></a><a href="#FNanchor_599_599"><span class="label">599</span></a> See B. ix. c. 86.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_600_600"></a><a href="#FNanchor_600_600"><span class="label">600</span></a> See B. ix. c. 69.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_601_601"></a><a href="#FNanchor_601_601"><span class="label">601</span></a> See B. ix. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_602_602"></a><a href="#FNanchor_602_602"><span class="label">602</span></a> A sort of tunny, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_603_603"></a><a href="#FNanchor_603_603"><span class="label">603</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_6">6</a> of this Book. Probably the same as the “gladius” -of this Chapter, and of B. ix. cc. 1, 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_604_604"></a><a href="#FNanchor_604_604"><span class="label">604</span></a> Considered by Littré to be the Shad.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_605_605"></a><a href="#FNanchor_605_605"><span class="label">605</span></a> See B. ix. c. 67.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_606_606"></a><a href="#FNanchor_606_606"><span class="label">606</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_30">30</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_607_607"></a><a href="#FNanchor_607_607"><span class="label">607</span></a> See B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_608_608"></a><a href="#FNanchor_608_608"><span class="label">608</span></a> See B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_609_609"></a><a href="#FNanchor_609_609"><span class="label">609</span></a> See B. ix. c. 52, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_1">1</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_610_610"></a><a href="#FNanchor_610_610"><span class="label">610</span></a> See B. ix. c. 1, and c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_49">49</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_611_611"></a><a href="#FNanchor_611_611"><span class="label">611</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_603_603">603</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_612_612"></a><a href="#FNanchor_612_612"><span class="label">612</span></a> The Halieuticon, already mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_5">5</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_613_613"></a><a href="#FNanchor_613_613"><span class="label">613</span></a> At the town of Tomi, whither he was banished by Augustus Cæsar.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_614_614"></a><a href="#FNanchor_614_614"><span class="label">614</span></a> See B. ix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_615_615"></a><a href="#FNanchor_615_615"><span class="label">615</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 23, 77, and Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_31">31</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_50">50</a>, of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_616_616"></a><a href="#FNanchor_616_616"><span class="label">616</span></a> The same, probably, as the “iulis” mentioned in the preceding <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_617_617"></a><a href="#FNanchor_617_617"><span class="label">617</span></a> The “golden brow.” The same as the “Aurata” or “dorade” of -B. ix. c. 25, and Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_16">16</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_618_618"></a><a href="#FNanchor_618_618"><span class="label">618</span></a> An unknown fish; the reading is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_619_619"></a><a href="#FNanchor_619_619"><span class="label">619</span></a> The “goat-fish.” It does not appear to have been identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_620_620"></a><a href="#FNanchor_620_620"><span class="label">620</span></a> Literally, the “black tail.” See the preceding <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_621_621"></a><a href="#FNanchor_621_621"><span class="label">621</span></a> According to Rondelet, a fish resembling the Coracinus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_622_622"></a><a href="#FNanchor_622_622"><span class="label">622</span></a> See B. ix. c. 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_623_623"></a><a href="#FNanchor_623_623"><span class="label">623</span></a> See B. ix. c. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_624_624"></a><a href="#FNanchor_624_624"><span class="label">624</span></a> See B. ix. c. 47.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_625_625"></a><a href="#FNanchor_625_625"><span class="label">625</span></a> See B. ix. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_626_626"></a><a href="#FNanchor_626_626"><span class="label">626</span></a> See B. ix. c. 27. Ajasson is of opinion that the “helops” is the -Russian sturgeon, the “acipenser,” the common sturgeon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_627_627"></a><a href="#FNanchor_627_627"><span class="label">627</span></a> Resembling a “stake” in appearance. It bee been suggested that -this is the Esox sphyræna.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_628_628"></a><a href="#FNanchor_628_628"><span class="label">628</span></a> “Perna.” Hardouin says that from the diminutive of this, “pernula,” -the modern word “pearl” is derived.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_629_629"></a><a href="#FNanchor_629_629"><span class="label">629</span></a> A sort of “tursio,” Dalechamps says. See B. ix. c. 11.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_630_630"></a><a href="#FNanchor_630_630"><span class="label">630</span></a> See B. iii. c. 12.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_631_631"></a><a href="#FNanchor_631_631"><span class="label">631</span></a> See end of B. xix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_632_632"></a><a href="#FNanchor_632_632"><span class="label">632</span></a> See end of B. viii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_633_633"></a><a href="#FNanchor_633_633"><span class="label">633</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_634_634"></a><a href="#FNanchor_634_634"><span class="label">634</span></a> See end of B. xviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_635_635"></a><a href="#FNanchor_635_635"><span class="label">635</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_636_636"></a><a href="#FNanchor_636_636"><span class="label">636</span></a> See end of B. ix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_637_637"></a><a href="#FNanchor_637_637"><span class="label">637</span></a> According to Suetonius, Fescennius Iacchus was a grammarian who -taught in Cisalpine Gaul. See also B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54">54</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_638_638"></a><a href="#FNanchor_638_638"><span class="label">638</span></a> See end of B. xxxi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_639_639"></a><a href="#FNanchor_639_639"><span class="label">639</span></a> See end of B. v.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_640_640"></a><a href="#FNanchor_640_640"><span class="label">640</span></a> See end of B. xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_641_641"></a><a href="#FNanchor_641_641"><span class="label">641</span></a> See end of B. xxviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_642_642"></a><a href="#FNanchor_642_642"><span class="label">642</span></a> See end of B. xxx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_643_643"></a><a href="#FNanchor_643_643"><span class="label">643</span></a> See end of B. xxxi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_644_644"></a><a href="#FNanchor_644_644"><span class="label">644</span></a> See end of B. xxviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_645_645"></a><a href="#FNanchor_645_645"><span class="label">645</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_646_646"></a><a href="#FNanchor_646_646"><span class="label">646</span></a> See end of B. viii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_647_647"></a><a href="#FNanchor_647_647"><span class="label">647</span></a> We now enter upon the Sixth division of Pliny’s work, containing an -account of mineral substances of all descriptions.—<cite>Dr. Bostock.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_648_648"></a><a href="#FNanchor_648_648"><span class="label">648</span></a> “Ipsæ opes.” The metals were looked upon by the ancients as the -only <em>true</em> riches. It is in this sense that Ovid says, Metam. B. i.: “Effodiuntur -opes, irritamenta malorum.” Pliny applies the term “pretia rerum” -to metals, as forming the unit of value.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_649_649"></a><a href="#FNanchor_649_649"><span class="label">649</span></a> Electrum is described in c. 23, as gold mixed with a certain quantity -of silver. The word “electrum” is also used to signify amber, as in -B. iii. c. 30.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_650_650"></a><a href="#FNanchor_650_650"><span class="label">650</span></a> “Æs;” by “æs” is here probably meant copper, as the author is speaking -of what is dug out of the earth; it is more fully described in the first two -Chapters of the <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_1">next</a> Book. According to the analysis of Klaproth, the -æs of the ancients, when employed in works of art, cutting instruments, -statues, vases, &c., was the “bronze” of the moderns, a mixture of copper -and tin, in which the proportion of tin varied, from a little more than 2 -to 1.14 per cent, according as the object was to procure a flexible or a -hard substance. Agricola speaks of “æs” as synonymous with “cuprum,” -and Pliny will be found several times in the present Book, speaking of -“æs Cyprium,” meaning probably the finest kind of copper, and that without -alloy.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_651_651"></a><a href="#FNanchor_651_651"><span class="label">651</span></a> Pliny has already referred to this topic in B. ii. c. 63.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_652_652"></a><a href="#FNanchor_652_652"><span class="label">652</span></a> Or shades below.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_653_653"></a><a href="#FNanchor_653_653"><span class="label">653</span></a> “Illa quæ non nascuntur repente.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_654_654"></a><a href="#FNanchor_654_654"><span class="label">654</span></a> “Chrysocolla” is fully described in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_26">26</a> of this Book.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_655_655"></a><a href="#FNanchor_655_655"><span class="label">655</span></a> Meaning “gold glue,” or “gold solder.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_656_656"></a><a href="#FNanchor_656_656"><span class="label">656</span></a> There is considerable variation in the text of this passage, as found in -the different editions. In that of Dalechamps, the Variorum, and those of -De Laet and Sillig, the sentence concludes with the words “nomen ex auro -custodiens;” while in those of Valpy, Lemaire, Poinsinet, Ajasson, and -others, we find substituted for them the words. “Non natura,” “Nomen -natura,” “Nomine natura,” or “Nomen naturam.”—B. The first reading -is warranted by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_657_657"></a><a href="#FNanchor_657_657"><span class="label">657</span></a> “Auri sanies.” More properly speaking, “the corrupt matter discharged -by gold.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_26">26</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_658_658"></a><a href="#FNanchor_658_658"><span class="label">658</span></a> “Minium” is treated of in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_659_659"></a><a href="#FNanchor_659_659"><span class="label">659</span></a> “Pretia rerum.” The value of the raw material.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_660_660"></a><a href="#FNanchor_660_660"><span class="label">660</span></a> Pliny here refers both to the art of producing figures in relief on drinking -vessels made of the precious metals, and also of giving them particular -forms. A well-known line of Juvenal, Sat. ii. l. 96, affords a striking -illustration of the depraved taste which existed in his time.—B. Lampridius -also speaks of vessels of silver “defiled with representations of a most -libidinous character;” and Capitolinus speaks of “phallovitroboli,” glass -drinking vessels shaped like a phallus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_661_661"></a><a href="#FNanchor_661_661"><span class="label">661</span></a> “Murrhina” or “myrrhina.” are described in B. xxxvii. c. 8; they -were, perhaps, onyxes or opals, though possibly the term was not strictly -confined to these substances, but signified any transparent minerals, that -exhibited a variety of colours. Salmasius, however, ridicules the idea of -their being onyxes, and is of opinion that these vessels were made of porcelain; -Exer. Plin. p. 144.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_662_662"></a><a href="#FNanchor_662_662"><span class="label">662</span></a> See B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_9">9</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_663_663"></a><a href="#FNanchor_663_663"><span class="label">663</span></a> He alludes to the cups known as “chrysendeta,” adorned with circlets -of gold, exquisite chasings, and groups of precious stones. See Juvenal, -Sat. v. l. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_664_664"></a><a href="#FNanchor_664_664"><span class="label">664</span></a> The “Smaragdus” is described in B. xxxvii. c. 13.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_665_665"></a><a href="#FNanchor_665_665"><span class="label">665</span></a> “Et aurum jam accessio est.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_666_666"></a><a href="#FNanchor_666_666"><span class="label">666</span></a> “Sacrum famæ.” This is the reading given by the Bamberg MS. -in substitution for “aurum, sacra fames” and other readings of a similar -nature, in which Pliny was thought by the commentators to allude to the -famous lines of Virgil—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“Quid non mortalia pectora cogis,</div> -<div class="line">Auri sacra fames!”</div> -</div></div></div> - -<p>Had he alluded to the passage of Virgil, it is not probable that he would -have used the expression in the plural, “celeberrimi auctores.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_667_667"></a><a href="#FNanchor_667_667"><span class="label">667</span></a> Il. B. vii. ll. 472-5.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_668_668"></a><a href="#FNanchor_668_668"><span class="label">668</span></a> Il. B. vi. l. 236.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_669_669"></a><a href="#FNanchor_669_669"><span class="label">669</span></a> We may infer that this was the reason why the figure of an ox or -other animal was impressed on the earliest Roman coins.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_670_670"></a><a href="#FNanchor_670_670"><span class="label">670</span></a> As Hardouin remarks, “This story is told by others, of Gyges, and -not of Midas.” He refers to Cicero, De Off. B. iii. c. 9, in confirmation of -his assertion.—B. Both Gyges and Midas were noted for their wealth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_671_671"></a><a href="#FNanchor_671_671"><span class="label">671</span></a> “Sinistræ.” The play here upon the word “sinister” cannot be so -well transferred into the English language; but it bears reference to the -double meaning of the word, “on the left hand,” and “unlucky,” “ill-omened,” -or, as we say “sinister.” We may remark, that rings were -very generally employed by the Romans, not merely as ornaments, but as -indications of office and rank.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_672_672"></a><a href="#FNanchor_672_672"><span class="label">672</span></a> From Corinth, it was said: Damaratus of Corinth being the father of -the first Tarquin. See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_5">5</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_673_673"></a><a href="#FNanchor_673_673"><span class="label">673</span></a> On the subject of “Bullæ,” golden balls, worn by the children of the -nobles, see Dr. Smith’s Dict. Antiq. p. 168.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_674_674"></a><a href="#FNanchor_674_674"><span class="label">674</span></a> As to the “Toga prætexta,” see B. viii. c. 74.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_675_675"></a><a href="#FNanchor_675_675"><span class="label">675</span></a> “Lorum.” This word literally signifies a leather strap or thong, and -Pliny is supposed by Hardouin to mean simply, that, in this latter case -the strap was worn without the bulla, which was in other cases attached to -it. Juvenal, Sat. v. l. 164, speaks of the “lorum” of the children of the -poor.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_676_676"></a><a href="#FNanchor_676_676"><span class="label">676</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Δακτύλιον</span>, from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">δάκτυλος</span>, a “finger.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_677_677"></a><a href="#FNanchor_677_677"><span class="label">677</span></a> Festus says that this was the Oscan name for a ring. It would -appear to be allied to the word “unguis,” which means a nail of the -finger or toe, and would perhaps signify a “nail ornament.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_678_678"></a><a href="#FNanchor_678_678"><span class="label">678</span></a> As meaning a seal or signet, for which purpose, as we shall find explained -in the sequel, the ring was used.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_679_679"></a><a href="#FNanchor_679_679"><span class="label">679</span></a> This seems to be the meaning of “Vulgoque sic triumphabant.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_680_680"></a><a href="#FNanchor_680_680"><span class="label">680</span></a> As to these crowns, see B. xxi. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_681_681"></a><a href="#FNanchor_681_681"><span class="label">681</span></a> As to some other particulars connected with this usage, see the end -of B. xxviii. c. 7.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_682_682"></a><a href="#FNanchor_682_682"><span class="label">682</span></a> And yet, as Hardouin remarks, before his time, when Scipio was -besieging Carthage, the bodies of the Roman tribunes, when selected for -burial by Hasdrubal, were distinguished by their rings of gold. The -object of Marius, no doubt, was to ingratiate himself with the upper classes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_683_683"></a><a href="#FNanchor_683_683"><span class="label">683</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 651.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_684_684"></a><a href="#FNanchor_684_684"><span class="label">684</span></a> Known as the “anulus pronubus,” or “engaged ring,” according to -Dalechamps.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_685_685"></a><a href="#FNanchor_685_685"><span class="label">685</span></a> “Codicillos.” Il. B. vi. l. 168.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_686_686"></a><a href="#FNanchor_686_686"><span class="label">686</span></a> See B. xiii. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_687_687"></a><a href="#FNanchor_687_687"><span class="label">687</span></a> Od. B. viii. ll. 424, 443, 447.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_688_688"></a><a href="#FNanchor_688_688"><span class="label">688</span></a> See the Iliad, B. iii. and B. vii. l. 175, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_689_689"></a><a href="#FNanchor_689_689"><span class="label">689</span></a> His meaning is, that although <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κληρὸι</span> were used, lots or balls made of -earth, we do not read that the impressions on them were made by the aid -of signet-rings.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_690_690"></a><a href="#FNanchor_690_690"><span class="label">690</span></a> “Fabricæ deûm.” He alludes to the forge of Vulcan, described in -the Eighteenth Book of the Iliad, l. 400, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_691_691"></a><a href="#FNanchor_691_691"><span class="label">691</span></a> This seems to be the meaning of “In primordio factitâsse.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_692_692"></a><a href="#FNanchor_692_692"><span class="label">692</span></a> The “fibulæ” were the brooches of the ancients, consisting of a pin, -and of a curved portion furnished with a hook. See Dr. Smith’s Dict. -Antiq. p. 417.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_693_693"></a><a href="#FNanchor_693_693"><span class="label">693</span></a> As the meaning of this passage has been the subject of much discussion -with commentators, we give it in full, as found in the Edition of -Sillig. “Et quisquis primus instituit, cunctanter id fecit, lævis manibus -latentibusque induit, cum, si honos securus fuisset, dextrâ fuerit ostentandus. -Quodsi impedimentum potuit in eo aliquod intelligi, etiam serior is -usus argumentum est, et majus in lævâ fuisset, quâ scutum capitur.” -Sillig is of opinion that Pliny is here alluding to the reason given by Ateius -Capito (quoted in Macrobius, Saturn. B. vii. c. 13), for wearing the ring -on the left hand. It was so worn, he says, from an apprehension that -the precious stone with which it was set, might receive injury from the -continual use made of the right hand.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_694_694"></a><a href="#FNanchor_694_694"><span class="label">694</span></a> Under the folds of the toga.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_695_695"></a><a href="#FNanchor_695_695"><span class="label">695</span></a> Il. B. xvii. l. 52.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_696_696"></a><a href="#FNanchor_696_696"><span class="label">696</span></a> The reading in most MSS. is the “fourth consulship.” This, however, -is an error which has been rectified by the Bamberg and some other -MSS. Pompey was but <em>thrice</em> consul. M. Crassus was the person generally -accused of the act of robbery here alluded to.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_697_697"></a><a href="#FNanchor_697_697"><span class="label">697</span></a> Who took the golden torc (torques) from the Gaul whom he slew; -whence his name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_698_698"></a><a href="#FNanchor_698_698"><span class="label">698</span></a> “Cum auro pugnare solitos.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_699_699"></a><a href="#FNanchor_699_699"><span class="label">699</span></a> “Quod equidem in augurio intellectum est, cum Capitolinus duplum -reddidisset.” The meaning of this passage is obscure, and cannot with -certainty be ascertained. Holland renders it, “To the light and knowledge -whereof we come by means of revelation from Augurie, which gave -us to understand, that Jupiter Capitolinus had rendered again the foresaid -summe in duple proportion.” Littré gives a similar translation. Ajasson -translates it, “This, at least, is what we may presume, from the fact of -there being discovered double the amount expected;” following the explanation -given by Hardouin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_700_700"></a><a href="#FNanchor_700_700"><span class="label">700</span></a> The “ædituus,” or “temple keeper.” See B. xxxvi. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_701_701"></a><a href="#FNanchor_701_701"><span class="label">701</span></a> Beneath which there was poison concealed, Hardouin says. Hannibal -killed himself in a similar manner; also Demosthenes, as mentioned -in the next Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_702_702"></a><a href="#FNanchor_702_702"><span class="label">702</span></a> The adopted son of the great Marius. This event happened in his -consulship, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 82. After his defeat by Sylla at Sacriportus, he retired -into the fortified town of Præneste, where he had deposited the -treasures of the Capitoline temple. The temple, after this conflagration, -was rebuilt by order of Sylla.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_703_703"></a><a href="#FNanchor_703_703"><span class="label">703</span></a> Called the “Fasti;” probably because this was the first word of the -title.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_704_704"></a><a href="#FNanchor_704_704"><span class="label">704</span></a> “Dies fasti.” These were the days on which the courts sat, and the -Prætor, who was the chief judge, gave his decisions. The word “fasti” -is derived from the ancient Latin “for,” or from the old Greek word <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">φάω</span>, -both signifying “to speak:” consequently the “dies fasti” were “the -speaking days,” and the “dies nefasti” the “non-speaking days,” in -allusion to the restrictions put upon the judgments of the Prætor.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_705_705"></a><a href="#FNanchor_705_705"><span class="label">705</span></a> This complex state of the Roman Calendar long remained one of the -sources from which the priesthood and the patrician order derived their -power and influence over the plebeians. Having no other method of ascertaining -what days were “fasti,” and what were “nefasti,” the lower -classes were obliged either to apply to the priests and nobles for information, -or to await the proclamation by the priests of the various festivals -about to take place.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_706_706"></a><a href="#FNanchor_706_706"><span class="label">706</span></a> Appius Claudius Cæcus, the Censor and jurisconsult, who constructed -the Appian Way.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_707_707"></a><a href="#FNanchor_707_707"><span class="label">707</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 440, or <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 314.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_708_708"></a><a href="#FNanchor_708_708"><span class="label">708</span></a> In the war, probably, with the twelve nations of Etruria, who were -conquered by the Consul Fabius <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 444. See Livy, B. ix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_709_709"></a><a href="#FNanchor_709_709"><span class="label">709</span></a> The father of the former C. Pœtilius Libo, was Consul <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 428: -the father of the latter, Cneius Domitius Calvinus, was Consul <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 432.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_710_710"></a><a href="#FNanchor_710_710"><span class="label">710</span></a> “Anulos abjectos.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_711_711"></a><a href="#FNanchor_711_711"><span class="label">711</span></a> The “phaleræ” were bosses of metal, often gold, attached to the -harness of the horse. See B. vii. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_712_712"></a><a href="#FNanchor_712_712"><span class="label">712</span></a> He would probably imply hereby that, as he states subsequently, -at this period gold rings were not as yet worn by <em>all</em> the members of the -senate.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_713_713"></a><a href="#FNanchor_713_713"><span class="label">713</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 449.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_714_714"></a><a href="#FNanchor_714_714"><span class="label">714</span></a> “Ædiculam æream”—of brass or bronze.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_715_715"></a><a href="#FNanchor_715_715"><span class="label">715</span></a> For the explanation of this term, see B. vii. c. 60.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_716_716"></a><a href="#FNanchor_716_716"><span class="label">716</span></a> See B. x. c. 2. Livy tells us that this shrine or temple was built in -the area or place of Vulcan.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_717_717"></a><a href="#FNanchor_717_717"><span class="label">717</span></a> Livy, B. xxiii. speaks of <em>one</em> modius as being the real quantity. -Florus, B. ii. c. 16, says <em>two</em> modii: but Saint Augustin, De Civit. Dei. -B. iii. c. 19, and most other writers, mention <em>three</em> modii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_718_718"></a><a href="#FNanchor_718_718"><span class="label">718</span></a> Q. Servilius Cæpio. He and M. Livins Drusus had been most intimate -friends, and each had married the other’s sister. The assassination -of Drusus was supposed by some to have been committed at the instigation -of Cæpio. The latter lost his life in an ambush, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 90.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_719_719"></a><a href="#FNanchor_719_719"><span class="label">719</span></a> See B. xxviii. c. 41.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_720_720"></a><a href="#FNanchor_720_720"><span class="label">720</span></a> See B. ii. c. 85.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_721_721"></a><a href="#FNanchor_721_721"><span class="label">721</span></a> M. Calpurnius Flamma. See B. xxii. c. 6.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_722_722"></a><a href="#FNanchor_722_722"><span class="label">722</span></a> A patrician family; branches of which were the Cincinnati, the -Capitolini, the Crispini, and the Flaminini.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_723_723"></a><a href="#FNanchor_723_723"><span class="label">723</span></a> This is an erroneous assertion, both as to the East, and as to Egypt. -See instances to the contrary in Genesis, c. xli. v. 42; and in Esther, c. iii. -verses 10, 12, and c. viii. verses 2, 8, 10.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_724_724"></a><a href="#FNanchor_724_724"><span class="label">724</span></a> “Literis contenta solis.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_725_725"></a><a href="#FNanchor_725_725"><span class="label">725</span></a> <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_1">The Thirty-seventh Book</a>. See also his remarks in B. ii. c. 63: -“We tear out earth’s entrails in order to extract the gems with which we -may load our fingers. How many hands are worn down that one little joint -may be ornamented!” Martial, Epigr. B. v. Ep. 11, speaks of his friend -Stella as wearing on the joint of one finger sardonyxes, emeralds, and -jaspers.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_726_726"></a><a href="#FNanchor_726_726"><span class="label">726</span></a> “Violari.” See B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_1">1</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_727_727"></a><a href="#FNanchor_727_727"><span class="label">727</span></a> A fashion much followed at the present day.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_728_728"></a><a href="#FNanchor_728_728"><span class="label">728</span></a> This also is a not uncommon fashion at the present day.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_729_729"></a><a href="#FNanchor_729_729"><span class="label">729</span></a> From the “Trinummus” of Plautus, A. iv. s. 4, we learn that the ring -worn by slaves was called “condalium.” From the “Truculentus” of Plautus -we learn also that these rings were sometimes made of bronze. The -“jus anuli,” or right of wearing a gold ring, was never conceded to slaves.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_730_730"></a><a href="#FNanchor_730_730"><span class="label">730</span></a> See B. iv. c. 23. In the Origines of Isidorus Hispalensis, B. xix. c. -32, we find mention made of “A Samothracian gold ring, with an iron -bezil, so called from the place of its invention.” Pliny has already made allusion -to the luxurious habits of the slaves, in B. xiii. c. 4; and B. -xviii. c. 2; a subject upon which Juvenal enlarges in his Third Satire.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_731_731"></a><a href="#FNanchor_731_731"><span class="label">731</span></a> The reasons are mentioned by Ateius Capita, as quoted by Macrobius, -Saturnal. B. vii. c. 13: also by Apion the Grammarian, as quoted by -Aulus Gellius, B. x. c. 10.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_732_732"></a><a href="#FNanchor_732_732"><span class="label">732</span></a> The ring of each finger had its own appropriate name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_733_733"></a><a href="#FNanchor_733_733"><span class="label">733</span></a> The “dactyliotheca,” or “ring-box.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_734_734"></a><a href="#FNanchor_734_734"><span class="label">734</span></a> Juvenal, Sat. i. l. 26, <em>et seq.</em>, speaks of the summer rings of the -Roman fops, and their fingers sweating beneath the weight.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_735_735"></a><a href="#FNanchor_735_735"><span class="label">735</span></a> Martial, Epigr. B. xiv., speaks of the numerous accidents to which a -weighty ring was liable.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_736_736"></a><a href="#FNanchor_736_736"><span class="label">736</span></a> Hannibal, too, for instance, as mentioned in Note <a href="#Footnote_701_701">701</a> to the preceding -Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_737_737"></a><a href="#FNanchor_737_737"><span class="label">737</span></a> He alludes, probably, to forgeries perpetrated through the agency of -false signets.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_738_738"></a><a href="#FNanchor_738_738"><span class="label">738</span></a> Plautus, Cicero, Horace, and Martial, each in his own age, bears -testimony to the truth of this statement.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_739_739"></a><a href="#FNanchor_739_739"><span class="label">739</span></a> Or remembrancer; a slave whose duty it was to remind his master of -the name of each member of his household; see B. xxix. c. 8. Athenæus, -B. vi., speaks of as many as twenty thousand slaves belonging to one -household. Demetrius, the freedman of Pompey, mentioned in B. xxxv. -c. 58, had a retinue of slaves equal to an army in amount.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_740_740"></a><a href="#FNanchor_740_740"><span class="label">740</span></a> Meaning “Marci puer,” or “Luci puer”—“Marcius’ boy,” or -“Lucius’ boy.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_741_741"></a><a href="#FNanchor_741_741"><span class="label">741</span></a> Suetonius says, c. 73, that Tiberius, in his last illness, awoke after a -long lethargy, and demanded his signet-ring, which his son-in-law, Caligula, -had removed from his finger, under the supposition that he was -dead. Macro, to avoid any unpleasant results in the way of punishment, -caused the emperor to be smothered with the pillows and bedclothes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_742_742"></a><a href="#FNanchor_742_742"><span class="label">742</span></a> This famous and somewhat improbable story of the ring of Polycrates -is told by Valerius Maximus, B. vi. c. 9; Herodotus, B. iii.; and Cicero, -De Finibus, B. iv. Pliny again mentions it in B. xxxvii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_2">2</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_743_743"></a><a href="#FNanchor_743_743"><span class="label">743</span></a> He was crucified by Oroetes, the Persian satrap of Sardis.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_744_744"></a><a href="#FNanchor_744_744"><span class="label">744</span></a> “Anulo exsiliente.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_745_745"></a><a href="#FNanchor_745_745"><span class="label">745</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_746_746"></a><a href="#FNanchor_746_746"><span class="label">746</span></a> The laticlave tunic. See B. viii. c. 73, and B. ix. c. 63.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_747_747"></a><a href="#FNanchor_747_747"><span class="label">747</span></a> “Præcones.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_748_748"></a><a href="#FNanchor_748_748"><span class="label">748</span></a> See the list of writers at the end of B. ix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_749_749"></a><a href="#FNanchor_749_749"><span class="label">749</span></a> “Equus militaris.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_750_750"></a><a href="#FNanchor_750_750"><span class="label">750</span></a> See B. xxix. c. 8. The “Decuriæ” of “judices,” or “judges,” were -so called, probably, from ten (decem) having been originally chosen from -each tribe. As to the Decuriæ of the judices, see Smith’s Dict. Antiq. -pp. 531-2. The account given by Pliny is confused in the extreme.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_751_751"></a><a href="#FNanchor_751_751"><span class="label">751</span></a> “Turmæ.” Squadrons of thirty “equites” or horsemen; ten of -which squadrons were attached to each legion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_752_752"></a><a href="#FNanchor_752_752"><span class="label">752</span></a> Before the time of Augustus, there were but <em>three</em> decuries.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_753_753"></a><a href="#FNanchor_753_753"><span class="label">753</span></a> A law introduced by Aurelius Cotta, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 70, enacted that the Judices -should be chosen from the three classes—of Senators, Equites, and -Tribuni ærarii, or Tribunes of the treasury, these last being taken from -the body of the people, and being persons possessed of some property.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_754_754"></a><a href="#FNanchor_754_754"><span class="label">754</span></a> Members selected by lot.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_755_755"></a><a href="#FNanchor_755_755"><span class="label">755</span></a> “Nongenti.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_756_756"></a><a href="#FNanchor_756_756"><span class="label">756</span></a> Tacitus says that this took place the year before, in the consulship of -C. Sulpicius, and D. Haterius. See the Annales, B. iii. c. 86.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_757_757"></a><a href="#FNanchor_757_757"><span class="label">757</span></a> Brother of the Emperor Galba.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_758_758"></a><a href="#FNanchor_758_758"><span class="label">758</span></a> “Aucupatus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_759_759"></a><a href="#FNanchor_759_759"><span class="label">759</span></a> Suetonius says that Tiberius instructed the ædiles to prohibit stews -and eating-houses: from which we may conclude, Hardouin says, that C. -Sulpicius Galba was an ædile.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_760_760"></a><a href="#FNanchor_760_760"><span class="label">760</span></a> Or, in other words, belonging to the equestrian order. The Roman -equites often followed the pursuits of bankers, and farmers of the public -revenues.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_761_761"></a><a href="#FNanchor_761_761"><span class="label">761</span></a> A law passed in the time of Julius Cæsar, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 69, which permitted -Roman equites, in case they or their parents had ever had a Census -equestris, to sit in the fourteen rows fixed by the Lex Roscia Theatralis.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_762_762"></a><a href="#FNanchor_762_762"><span class="label">762</span></a> Caligula.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_763_763"></a><a href="#FNanchor_763_763"><span class="label">763</span></a> Conjointly with L. Vitellius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_764_764"></a><a href="#FNanchor_764_764"><span class="label">764</span></a> Or farmers of the public revenues; the “publicans” of Scripture. -In reality, they were mostly members of the equestrian order, and the -words “equites” and “publicani” are often used as synonymous.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_765_765"></a><a href="#FNanchor_765_765"><span class="label">765</span></a> “This passage seems to be the addition of some ignorant copyist. It -is indeed a remarkable fact, that we have <em>no</em> inscription in which we see -the Equites named <em>after</em> the people as well as the Senate.”—Laboulaye, -<cite>Essai sur les lois Criminelles des Romains</cite>: Paris, 1845, p. 224.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_766_766"></a><a href="#FNanchor_766_766"><span class="label">766</span></a> According to Livy, B. i. c. 15, the Celeres were three hundred Roman -knights whom Romulus established as a body-guard. Their name, probably, -was derived from the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κέλης</span>, a “war-horse,” or “charger,” -and the body consisted, no doubt, of the patricians in general, or such of -them as could keep horses. Another origin assigned to the appellation is -“Celer,” the name of a chieftain, who was a favourite of Romulus. The -adjective “celer,” “swift,” owes its origin, probably, to the title of these -horsemen.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_767_767"></a><a href="#FNanchor_767_767"><span class="label">767</span></a> A title derived, possibly, as Delafosse suggests, “a flectendis habenis,” -from “managing the reins.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_768_768"></a><a href="#FNanchor_768_768"><span class="label">768</span></a> Called “Trossum” or “Trossulum,” it is supposed. The remains -of a town are still to be seen at Trosso, two miles from Montefiascone in -Tuscany. The Greek word <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">τρωξαλλὶς</span>, a “cricket,” and the Latin “torosulus,” -“muscular,” have been suggested as the origin of this name. -Ajasson suggests the Latin verb “truso,” to “push on,” as its origin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_769_769"></a><a href="#FNanchor_769_769"><span class="label">769</span></a> See the <a href="#Page_143">end</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_770_770"></a><a href="#FNanchor_770_770"><span class="label">770</span></a> From the ambiguous nature of the name, it being in later times an -expression of contempt, like our word “fop,” or “beau.” In this latter -sense, Salmasius derives it from the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">τρυσσὸς</span>, “effeminate.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_771_771"></a><a href="#FNanchor_771_771"><span class="label">771</span></a> This concluding passage is omitted in most editions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_772_772"></a><a href="#FNanchor_772_772"><span class="label">772</span></a> See B. vii. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_773_773"></a><a href="#FNanchor_773_773"><span class="label">773</span></a> Dionysius of Halicarnassus is therefore probably wrong in his assertion -that torcs of <em>gold</em> were given to Siccius Dentatus, a Roman citizen, -as the reward of valour.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_774_774"></a><a href="#FNanchor_774_774"><span class="label">774</span></a> See B. vii, c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_775_775"></a><a href="#FNanchor_775_775"><span class="label">775</span></a> On this subject, see B. xvi. c. 3, and B. xxi. c. i.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_776_776"></a><a href="#FNanchor_776_776"><span class="label">776</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 323, or 431 <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_777_777"></a><a href="#FNanchor_777_777"><span class="label">777</span></a> Situate about fourteen miles from Rome, and on the road to the -town called La Colonna.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_778_778"></a><a href="#FNanchor_778_778"><span class="label">778</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 479, and <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 275. In the following year Merenda himself -was consul, with Manius Curius Dentatus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_779_779"></a><a href="#FNanchor_779_779"><span class="label">779</span></a> “Testamento prælegavit.” Properly speaking, “prælegare” was -“to bequeath a thing to be given before the inheritance was divided.” -The crown thus left by Piso was to be three pounds in weight.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_780_780"></a><a href="#FNanchor_780_780"><span class="label">780</span></a> Oxen, namely. The smaller victims had the head encircled with -chaplets.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_781_781"></a><a href="#FNanchor_781_781"><span class="label">781</span></a> The clasps by which the “sagum” or military cloak was fastened on -the shoulders.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_782_782"></a><a href="#FNanchor_782_782"><span class="label">782</span></a> See the beginning of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_4">4</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_783_783"></a><a href="#FNanchor_783_783"><span class="label">783</span></a> Isidorus Hispalensis, Orig. B. xix. c. 30, says that bracelets were formerly -so called from the circumstance of being conferred on warriors as -the reward of bravery—“ob virtutem.” Scævola, Ulpian, and others speak -of “viriolæ” as ornaments worn by females.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_784_784"></a><a href="#FNanchor_784_784"><span class="label">784</span></a> See B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_6">6</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_785_785"></a><a href="#FNanchor_785_785"><span class="label">785</span></a> In allusion to the use of gold as an ornament for the shoes and -sandal-ties.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_786_786"></a><a href="#FNanchor_786_786"><span class="label">786</span></a> A dress worn over the tunic, and which came as low as the ankles or -feet. The stola was the characteristic dress of the Roman matrons of -rank; other females being restricted to the use of the toga, which did not -reach so low.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_787_787"></a><a href="#FNanchor_787_787"><span class="label">787</span></a> Between the matrons of rank whose feet were not to be seen at all, -and the plebeian females, whose feet <em>were</em> seen, but comparatively unadorned.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_788_788"></a><a href="#FNanchor_788_788"><span class="label">788</span></a> In the same way that the gold ring was the distinguishing mark of -the Equites, so would the gold ankle-jewels be the characteristic of this -new order of females. In the use of the word “Equestrem,” Ajasson -absolutely detects an indelicate allusion, and rallies our author on thus retaining -“the aroma of the camp!”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_789_789"></a><a href="#FNanchor_789_789"><span class="label">789</span></a> “Pædagogiis.” The origin of our word “page.” The pages of -the Romans were decorated with gold ankle-jewels and other ornaments -for the legs.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_790_790"></a><a href="#FNanchor_790_790"><span class="label">790</span></a> Or Horus, the god of silence. Ajasson is of opinion that this impression -on the seal was symbolical of the secrecy which ought to be preserved -as to written communications.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_791_791"></a><a href="#FNanchor_791_791"><span class="label">791</span></a> To the Emperor’s presence.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_792_792"></a><a href="#FNanchor_792_792"><span class="label">792</span></a> The <em>first</em> crime having been committed by him who introduced the -use of gold rings. See the beginning of c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_4">4</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_793_793"></a><a href="#FNanchor_793_793"><span class="label">793</span></a> The golden denarius was known also as the “aureus” or “gold -coin.” It was worth 25 silver denarii. As to the modern value of the -money used by the ancients, see the Introduction to Vol. III. The golden -denarius is mentioned also in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_17">17</a>, and in B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_3">3</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_794_794"></a><a href="#FNanchor_794_794"><span class="label">794</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 479.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_795_795"></a><a href="#FNanchor_795_795"><span class="label">795</span></a> Meaning, literally, the “little pound,” in reference to the diminished -weight of the “as.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_796_796"></a><a href="#FNanchor_796_796"><span class="label">796</span></a> Meaning “two pounds,” or in other words, “two asses.” See B. -xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_2">2</a>. As to the weight of the “libra,” or pound, see the Introduction -to Vol. III.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_797_797"></a><a href="#FNanchor_797_797"><span class="label">797</span></a> “Brasse bullion, or in masse.”—<cite>Holland.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_798_798"></a><a href="#FNanchor_798_798"><span class="label">798</span></a> “Money weighed out,” <em>i.e.</em> “expenses.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_799_799"></a><a href="#FNanchor_799_799"><span class="label">799</span></a> “Money weighed out for the payment of interest.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_800_800"></a><a href="#FNanchor_800_800"><span class="label">800</span></a> “To weigh out money for payment,” <em>i.e.</em> “to pay.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_801_801"></a><a href="#FNanchor_801_801"><span class="label">801</span></a> “A weight of money.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_802_802"></a><a href="#FNanchor_802_802"><span class="label">802</span></a> “Weighers-out;” meaning “keepers of accounts,” or “paymasters.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_803_803"></a><a href="#FNanchor_803_803"><span class="label">803</span></a> “Weighers-out” of the soldiers’ wages; <em>i.e.</em> “paymasters.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_804_804"></a><a href="#FNanchor_804_804"><span class="label">804</span></a> From “pecus,” a sheep. See B. xviii. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_805_805"></a><a href="#FNanchor_805_805"><span class="label">805</span></a> “Pounds” or “asses.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_806_806"></a><a href="#FNanchor_806_806"><span class="label">806</span></a> The third of an “as.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_807_807"></a><a href="#FNanchor_807_807"><span class="label">807</span></a> The fourth of an “as.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_808_808"></a><a href="#FNanchor_808_808"><span class="label">808</span></a> Or ounces; being one-fourth of the “as,” of one “libra” in weight. -See Introduction to Vol. III.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_809_809"></a><a href="#FNanchor_809_809"><span class="label">809</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 663.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_810_810"></a><a href="#FNanchor_810_810"><span class="label">810</span></a> The same as the quinarius, one-half of the denarius. In B. xx. c. -100, it is mentioned as a weight. See also the Introduction to Vol. III.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_811_811"></a><a href="#FNanchor_811_811"><span class="label">811</span></a> As, originally, there were 288 “scripula,” or scruples, to the “libra” or -pound, this would appear to give 5760 sestertii to the pound of gold, and -not 900 merely. Though this apparent discrepancy has generally puzzled -the commentators, the solution, as suggested by M. Parisot, in the Notes -to Ajasson’s Translation, appears equally simple and satisfactory. He -suggests that in the “as,” or “libra,” of <em>two ounces</em>, there were 288 -scruples. Now, the scruple remaining the same, when the as or libra was -reduced to one ounce, it would contain but 144 of these scruples. Then, -on making the as the sixteenth part of a denarius instead of the tenth, it -would lose three-eighths of its value in scruples, or in other words, 54 -scruples, thus making it worth but 90 scruples. Then again, as above -stated, by the Papirian Law, the weight or value of the libra or as was -reduced one-half, making its value in scruples only 45; or, in other words, -five thirty-seconds of its original value, when worth two unciæ or ounces. -This number of scruples to the libra would give, at the rate of twenty -sesterces to the scruple of gold, exactly 900 sesterces to the libra of gold.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_812_812"></a><a href="#FNanchor_812_812"><span class="label">812</span></a> Or “aurei.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_813_813"></a><a href="#FNanchor_813_813"><span class="label">813</span></a> “Fames auri.” Similar to the words of Virgil, “Auri sacra fames.” -“The curst greed for gold.” See Note <a href="#Footnote_666_666">666</a> to Chapter 3 of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_814_814"></a><a href="#FNanchor_814_814"><span class="label">814</span></a> Another version of this story was, that he extracted the brain, and -inserted lead in its place.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_815_815"></a><a href="#FNanchor_815_815"><span class="label">815</span></a> See B. xiv. c. 16.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_816_816"></a><a href="#FNanchor_816_816"><span class="label">816</span></a> In <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 88, M. Aquilius proceeded to Asia Minor as one of the -consular legati to prosecute the war against Mithridates. On being defeated -near Protomachium, he was delivered up to Mithridates by the -inhabitants of Mytilene, and after being treated in the most barbarous -manner, was put to death by pouring molten gold down his throat.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_817_817"></a><a href="#FNanchor_817_817"><span class="label">817</span></a> “Insperso.” Sillig is of opinion that Pliny is here speaking of the -work now known by Italian artists as <em>tausia</em> or <em>lavoro all’ agemina</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_818_818"></a><a href="#FNanchor_818_818"><span class="label">818</span></a> Hardouin thinks that Pliny is here making allusion to the Greek -word “chrysendeta,” vessels “encircled with gold.” It is frequently -used in Martial’s works.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_819_819"></a><a href="#FNanchor_819_819"><span class="label">819</span></a> See B. xv. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_820_820"></a><a href="#FNanchor_820_820"><span class="label">820</span></a> It is against such practices as these that Martial inveighs, B. i. Ep. 28, -and B. ix. Ep. 12.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_821_821"></a><a href="#FNanchor_821_821"><span class="label">821</span></a> A slave only; and not by any of his brother patricians. Antony was -rendered infamous by his proscriptions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_822_822"></a><a href="#FNanchor_822_822"><span class="label">822</span></a> Appian and Livy mention the fine as consisting of ten thousand -talents <em>in all</em>, or in other words, eight hundred thousand pounds of silver -(at eighty pounds to the talent). Sillig is therefore of opinion that Pliny -is in error here in inserting the word “annua.” The payment of the ten -thousand talents, we learn from the same authorities, was spread over fifty -years.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_823_823"></a><a href="#FNanchor_823_823"><span class="label">823</span></a> Asia Minor.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_824_824"></a><a href="#FNanchor_824_824"><span class="label">824</span></a> “Folia.” Hardouin prefers the reading “solia,” meaning “thrones,” -or “chairs of state,” probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_825_825"></a><a href="#FNanchor_825_825"><span class="label">825</span></a> Ajasson refuses to place credit in this statement.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_826_826"></a><a href="#FNanchor_826_826"><span class="label">826</span></a> This vase of Semiramis was her drinking bowl, in much the same -sense that the great cannon at Dover was Queen Elizabeth’s “pocket -pistol.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_827_827"></a><a href="#FNanchor_827_827"><span class="label">827</span></a> The country to which, in previous times, the Argonauts had sailed in -quest of the Golden Fleece, or in other words in search of gold, in which -those regions were probably very prolific.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_828_828"></a><a href="#FNanchor_828_828"><span class="label">828</span></a> See B. vi. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_829_829"></a><a href="#FNanchor_829_829"><span class="label">829</span></a> This story of the defeat of the great Ramses-Sesostris by a petty king -of Colchis, would almost appear apocryphal. It is not improbable, however, -that Sesostris, when on his Thracian expedition, may have received -a repulse on penetrating further north, accustomed as his troops must have -been, to a warmer climate.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_830_830"></a><a href="#FNanchor_830_830"><span class="label">830</span></a> Of the amphitheatre.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_831_831"></a><a href="#FNanchor_831_831"><span class="label">831</span></a> Covered, probably, with plates of silver.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_832_832"></a><a href="#FNanchor_832_832"><span class="label">832</span></a> “Pegma.” A scaffold with storeys, which were raised or depressed, -to all appearance, spontaneously. Caligula is the emperor meant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_833_833"></a><a href="#FNanchor_833_833"><span class="label">833</span></a> Another reading is “seven” pounds in weight, and “nine” pounds; -which would appear to be more probable than seven <em>thousand</em>, and nine -<em>thousand</em>, as given by the Bamberg MS. It is just possible, however, that -the latter may have been the united weights of <em>all</em> the coronets contributed -by Spain and Gaul respectively, the word “inter” being an interpolation.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_834_834"></a><a href="#FNanchor_834_834"><span class="label">834</span></a> See B. iv. c. 31, B. xi. c. 47, and B. xviii. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_835_835"></a><a href="#FNanchor_835_835"><span class="label">835</span></a> Hence known as the “Golden Day,” according to Dion Cassius, -B. lxiii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_836_836"></a><a href="#FNanchor_836_836"><span class="label">836</span></a> For further particulars as to the Golden Palace, see B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">24</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_837_837"></a><a href="#FNanchor_837_837"><span class="label">837</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 597.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_838_838"></a><a href="#FNanchor_838_838"><span class="label">838</span></a> Or Marsic War. See B. ii. c. 85.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_839_839"></a><a href="#FNanchor_839_839"><span class="label">839</span></a> There is an error in this statement, probably, unless we understand -by it the small libra or pound of two ounces, mentioned in c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_13">13</a> of this -Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_840_840"></a><a href="#FNanchor_840_840"><span class="label">840</span></a> This remark is confirmatory of the incorrectness of the preceding -statement.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_841_841"></a><a href="#FNanchor_841_841"><span class="label">841</span></a> The reading here is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_842_842"></a><a href="#FNanchor_842_842"><span class="label">842</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 612.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_843_843"></a><a href="#FNanchor_843_843"><span class="label">843</span></a> See B. xix. c. 6.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_844_844"></a><a href="#FNanchor_844_844"><span class="label">844</span></a> Chapter 57.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_845_845"></a><a href="#FNanchor_845_845"><span class="label">845</span></a> In fact, no colour at all.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_846_846"></a><a href="#FNanchor_846_846"><span class="label">846</span></a> In <em>this</em> climate, the light of most of the stars has the complexion, not -of gold, but of silver.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_847_847"></a><a href="#FNanchor_847_847"><span class="label">847</span></a> The topaz, for instance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_848_848"></a><a href="#FNanchor_848_848"><span class="label">848</span></a> For ductility and malleability, both which terms may perhaps be included -in the “facilitas” of Pliny, gold is unrivalled among the metals. As -to weight, it is heavier than lead, the specific gravity of gold being 19.258, -and that of lead 11.352. Pliny is therefore wrong in both of these assertions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_849_849"></a><a href="#FNanchor_849_849"><span class="label">849</span></a> He forgets asbestus here, a substance which he has mentioned in -B. xix. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_850_850"></a><a href="#FNanchor_850_850"><span class="label">850</span></a> Chlorine, however, and nitro-muriatic acid corrode and dissolve gold, -forming a chloride of gold, which is soluble in water. Ajasson remarks, -that gold becomes volatilized by the heat of a burning-glass of three or -four feet in diameter; and that when it acts as the conductor of a strong -current of electricity, it becomes reduced to dust instantaneously, presenting -a bright greenish light.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_851_851"></a><a href="#FNanchor_851_851"><span class="label">851</span></a> The gold thus tested was called “obrussum,” “obryzum,” or “obrizum,” -from the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ὄβρυζον</span>, meaning “pure gold.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_852_852"></a><a href="#FNanchor_852_852"><span class="label">852</span></a> See B. xviii. c. 23, where he calls the chaff used for this purpose by the -name of “acus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_853_853"></a><a href="#FNanchor_853_853"><span class="label">853</span></a> The present mode of assaying the precious metals, is by fusing them -upon a cupel with lead.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_854_854"></a><a href="#FNanchor_854_854"><span class="label">854</span></a> For which purpose, lead was used, no doubt, in drawing the lines in the -MSS. of the ancients. See Beckmann’s Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 339. <cite>Bohn’s Ed.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_855_855"></a><a href="#FNanchor_855_855"><span class="label">855</span></a> This is far surpassed at the present day, its malleability being such -that it may be beaten into leaves not more than one two hundred and -eighty thousandth of an inch in thickness, and its ductility admitting of -one grain being drawn out into five hundred feet of wire. For further -particulars as to the gold leaf of the ancients, and the art of gilding, as -practised by them, see Beckmann’s Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 391, <em>et seq.</em> -<cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_856_856"></a><a href="#FNanchor_856_856"><span class="label">856</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_64">64</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_857_857"></a><a href="#FNanchor_857_857"><span class="label">857</span></a> He alludes to what are now known as <em>pepitas</em>, oval grains of river-gold. -“Striges” is the reading in the Bamberg MS., “strigiles” in the -former editions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_858_858"></a><a href="#FNanchor_858_858"><span class="label">858</span></a> “Massa.” As we should say at the present day, “nuggets.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_859_859"></a><a href="#FNanchor_859_859"><span class="label">859</span></a> “Ramentum.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_860_860"></a><a href="#FNanchor_860_860"><span class="label">860</span></a> The contrary is now known to be the case; gold is sometimes, though -rarely, found in an oxidized state.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_861_861"></a><a href="#FNanchor_861_861"><span class="label">861</span></a> As to the solvents of gold, see Note <a href="#Footnote_850_850">850</a> above. Stahl says that three parts -of sub-carbonate of potash, dissolved in water, and heated with three parts -of sulphur and one part of gold, will yield a complete solution of the metal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_862_862"></a><a href="#FNanchor_862_862"><span class="label">862</span></a> Aldrovandus relates, in his “Museum Metallicum,” that the grave of -the Emperor Honorius was discovered at Rome about the year 1544, and -that thirty-six pounds’ weight of gold were procured from the mouldering -dress that covered the body. See, on the subject of gold threads, Beckmann’s -Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 415. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_863_863"></a><a href="#FNanchor_863_863"><span class="label">863</span></a> The “cloth of gold” of the present day, is made of threads of silk -or hair, wound round with silver wire flattened and gilded.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_864_864"></a><a href="#FNanchor_864_864"><span class="label">864</span></a> “Paludamento.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_865_865"></a><a href="#FNanchor_865_865"><span class="label">865</span></a> See B. viii. c. 74. Beckmann is of opinion, from a passage of Silius -Italicus, B. xiv. l. 661, that the cloth of Attalus was embroidered with the -needle. See this subject fully discussed in his Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 415. -See also Dr. Yates’s “Textrinum Antiquorum,” pp. 371, 464.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_866_866"></a><a href="#FNanchor_866_866"><span class="label">866</span></a> “Without entering into any research respecting the minerals -employed for this cement, called ‘leucophoron,’ one may readily conceive -that it must have been a ferruginous ochre, or kind of bole, which is still -used as a ground. Gilding of this kind must have suffered from dampness, -though many specimens of it are still preserved.”—Beckmann’s Hist. Inv. -Vol. II. p. 294. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_867_867"></a><a href="#FNanchor_867_867"><span class="label">867</span></a> B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_17">17</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_868_868"></a><a href="#FNanchor_868_868"><span class="label">868</span></a> Literally, “fluid silver.” “The first name here seems to signify -native quicksilver, and the second that separated from the ore by an artificial -process.” Beckmann’s Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 72.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_869_869"></a><a href="#FNanchor_869_869"><span class="label">869</span></a> In Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_32">32</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_41">41</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_870_870"></a><a href="#FNanchor_870_870"><span class="label">870</span></a> As to the identity of the “alumen” of Pliny, see B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_52">52</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_871_871"></a><a href="#FNanchor_871_871"><span class="label">871</span></a> In the preceding <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_19">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_872_872"></a><a href="#FNanchor_872_872"><span class="label">872</span></a> See B. xi. c. 36.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_873_873"></a><a href="#FNanchor_873_873"><span class="label">873</span></a> See B. vii. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_874_874"></a><a href="#FNanchor_874_874"><span class="label">874</span></a> See B. iv. c. 17.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_875_875"></a><a href="#FNanchor_875_875"><span class="label">875</span></a> Ajasson remarks, that the Castilians still call the surface earth of -auriferous deposits by the name of <em>segullo</em>. He also doubts the correctness of -Pliny’s assertion as to the produce of the mines of Dalmatia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_876_876"></a><a href="#FNanchor_876_876"><span class="label">876</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_47">47</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_877_877"></a><a href="#FNanchor_877_877"><span class="label">877</span></a> We learn from Ajasson that numerous pits or shafts are still to be -seen in Spain, from which the Romans extracted gold. At Riotento, he -says, there are several of them.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_878_878"></a><a href="#FNanchor_878_878"><span class="label">878</span></a> Both meaning “channel gold.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_879_879"></a><a href="#FNanchor_879_879"><span class="label">879</span></a> “Marmoris glareæ.” Under this name, he no doubt means quartz and -schist.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_880_880"></a><a href="#FNanchor_880_880"><span class="label">880</span></a> See B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_39">39</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_881_881"></a><a href="#FNanchor_881_881"><span class="label">881</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_13">13</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_882_882"></a><a href="#FNanchor_882_882"><span class="label">882</span></a> “Channel-gold” or “trench-gold.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_883_883"></a><a href="#FNanchor_883_883"><span class="label">883</span></a> Becoming volatilized, and attaching itself in crystals to the side of -the chimney.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_884_884"></a><a href="#FNanchor_884_884"><span class="label">884</span></a> Or “sweat.” This “sweat” or “silver” would in reality be a -general name for all the minerals that were volatilized by the heat of the -furnace; while under the name of “scoria ” would be comprised pyrites, -quartz, petrosilex, and other similar substances.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_885_885"></a><a href="#FNanchor_885_885"><span class="label">885</span></a> The cupel or crucible is still known in Spain by the name of <em>tasco</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_886_886"></a><a href="#FNanchor_886_886"><span class="label">886</span></a> Who were said to have heaped one mountain on another in their war -with the gods.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_887_887"></a><a href="#FNanchor_887_887"><span class="label">887</span></a> Deep mines in Spain are still called <em>arrugia</em>, a term also used to -signify gold beneath the surface. According to Grimm, <em>arruzi</em> was the -ancient High German name for iron.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_888_888"></a><a href="#FNanchor_888_888"><span class="label">888</span></a> See B. xxiii. c. 27.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_889_889"></a><a href="#FNanchor_889_889"><span class="label">889</span></a> The breaking-machines, used for crushing the silex.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_890_890"></a><a href="#FNanchor_890_890"><span class="label">890</span></a> “Cædunt” is certainly a preferable reading to “cadunt,” though the -latter is given by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_891_891"></a><a href="#FNanchor_891_891"><span class="label">891</span></a> A similar method of washing auriferous earth or sand in the mines, -is still employed in some cases.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_892_892"></a><a href="#FNanchor_892_892"><span class="label">892</span></a> “The bringing of water into one channel.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_893_893"></a><a href="#FNanchor_893_893"><span class="label">893</span></a> Or as Holland quaintly renders it, “Some flying spirit or winged -devill of the air.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_894_894"></a><a href="#FNanchor_894_894"><span class="label">894</span></a> Magnesian carbonate of lime, or dolomite, Ajasson thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_895_895"></a><a href="#FNanchor_895_895"><span class="label">895</span></a> From the Greek, <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἀγωγὴ</span>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_896_896"></a><a href="#FNanchor_896_896"><span class="label">896</span></a> It does not appear to have been identified; and it can hardly be -the same as the Ulex Europæus of modern Natural History, our Furze -or Gorse.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_897_897"></a><a href="#FNanchor_897_897"><span class="label">897</span></a> That of sinking shafts, described already in this Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_898_898"></a><a href="#FNanchor_898_898"><span class="label">898</span></a> All these names, no doubt, are of Spanish origin, although Salmasius -would assign them a Greek one.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_899_899"></a><a href="#FNanchor_899_899"><span class="label">899</span></a> In B. iii. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_900_900"></a><a href="#FNanchor_900_900"><span class="label">900</span></a> See B. iii. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_901_901"></a><a href="#FNanchor_901_901"><span class="label">901</span></a> “Auripigmentum.” Yellow sulphuret of arsenic. See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_56">56</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_902_902"></a><a href="#FNanchor_902_902"><span class="label">902</span></a> “Lapis specularis.” See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_903_903"></a><a href="#FNanchor_903_903"><span class="label">903</span></a> Caligula.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_904_904"></a><a href="#FNanchor_904_904"><span class="label">904</span></a> It was accidently mixed with the ore of arsenic, no doubt, unless, indeed, -the emperor was imposed upon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_905_905"></a><a href="#FNanchor_905_905"><span class="label">905</span></a> This is almost, but not quite, universally the case.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_906_906"></a><a href="#FNanchor_906_906"><span class="label">906</span></a> In Spain. See B. iii. c. 4, B. iv. c. 34, and B. ix. c. 2. The locality -alluded to is now unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_907_907"></a><a href="#FNanchor_907_907"><span class="label">907</span></a> A name also given by the ancients to amber. Artificial “electrum,” -or gold alloyed with silver, was known in the most ancient times.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_908_908"></a><a href="#FNanchor_908_908"><span class="label">908</span></a> The gold found by sinking shafts. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_21">21</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_909_909"></a><a href="#FNanchor_909_909"><span class="label">909</span></a> See B. ix. c. 65.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_910_910"></a><a href="#FNanchor_910_910"><span class="label">910</span></a> Od. B. iv. l. 71.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_911_911"></a><a href="#FNanchor_911_911"><span class="label">911</span></a> Pliny no doubt has been imposed upon in this instance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_912_912"></a><a href="#FNanchor_912_912"><span class="label">912</span></a> “Solid hammer-work,” in opposition to works in metal, cast and hollow -within.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_913_913"></a><a href="#FNanchor_913_913"><span class="label">913</span></a> In B. v. c. 20, most probably. See also B. xvi. c. 64.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_914_914"></a><a href="#FNanchor_914_914"><span class="label">914</span></a> The worship of Anaïtis was probably a branch of the Indian worship -of Nature. The Greek writers sometimes identify this goddess with their -Artemis and their Aphrodite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_915_915"></a><a href="#FNanchor_915_915"><span class="label">915</span></a> Holland has strangely mistaken the meaning of the veteran’s reply; -“Yea, sir, that it is; and that methinks you should know best, for even -now a leg of his you have at supper, and all <em>your</em> wealth besides is come -unto <em>you</em> by that saccage.” He then adds, by way of Note, “For Augustus -Cæsar defeited Antonie, and was mightily enriched by the spoile -of him.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_916_916"></a><a href="#FNanchor_916_916"><span class="label">916</span></a> In Sicily. According to Valerius Maximus and other writers, a statue -of solid gold was erected by the whole of Greece, in the temple at Delphi, -in honour of Gorgias, who was distinguished for his eloquence and literary -attainments. The leading opinion of Gorgias was, that nothing had any -real existence.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_917_917"></a><a href="#FNanchor_917_917"><span class="label">917</span></a> The ninetieth Olympiad, about the year 420 <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span>, is much more probably -the correct reading; as it was about the seventieth Olympiad, or somewhat -later, that Gorgias was born.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_918_918"></a><a href="#FNanchor_918_918"><span class="label">918</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_29">29</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_919_919"></a><a href="#FNanchor_919_919"><span class="label">919</span></a> See B. xxix. c. 38. and B. xxxvi. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_37">37</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_38">38</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_920_920"></a><a href="#FNanchor_920_920"><span class="label">920</span></a> Or gith. See B. xx. c. 71.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_921_921"></a><a href="#FNanchor_921_921"><span class="label">921</span></a> Similar to the notion still prevalent, that the application of pure gold -will remove styes on the eyelids.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_922_922"></a><a href="#FNanchor_922_922"><span class="label">922</span></a> It has been supposed by some, that the “Chrysocolla” of the ancients, -as well as the “Cæruleum,” mentioned in c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a> of this Book, were the produce -of cobalt; but the more generally received opinion is that “chrysocolla” -(gold-solder) was green verditer, or mountain-green, carbonate and -hydrocarbonate of copper, green and blue, substances which are sometimes -found in gold mines, but in copper mines more particularly. It must not -be confounded with the modern chrysocolla or Borax.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_923_923"></a><a href="#FNanchor_923_923"><span class="label">923</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_21">21</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_924_924"></a><a href="#FNanchor_924_924"><span class="label">924</span></a> The “Reseda luteola,” Dyer’s weed, or Wild woad. See Beckmann’s -Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 478-481, where the identity of the Chrysocolla of -the ancients is discussed at considerable length.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_925_925"></a><a href="#FNanchor_925_925"><span class="label">925</span></a> As to the identity of this substance, see B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_52">52</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_926_926"></a><a href="#FNanchor_926_926"><span class="label">926</span></a> These drugs have not been identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_927_927"></a><a href="#FNanchor_927_927"><span class="label">927</span></a> “Elutam.” Though this is the reading given by the Bamberg MS., -“luteam” seems preferable; a name owing, probably, to its being coloured -with the plant “lutum,” as mentioned at the end of this Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_928_928"></a><a href="#FNanchor_928_928"><span class="label">928</span></a> So called, probably, from being made up into little balls resembling -the “orobus” or vetch.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_929_929"></a><a href="#FNanchor_929_929"><span class="label">929</span></a> A powder, probably, prepared from “cæruleum.” See the end of the -present <a href="#Page_110">Chapter</a>, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a> of this Book. Littré renders the words -“in lomentum,” kept “in the form of powder,” without reference to the -peculiar pigment known as “lomentum.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_930_930"></a><a href="#FNanchor_930_930"><span class="label">930</span></a> “Sudore resolutis.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_931_931"></a><a href="#FNanchor_931_931"><span class="label">931</span></a> A strong proof that chrysocolla was a preparation from copper, and -not cobalt. Copper owes its name to the Isle of Cyprus, in which it was -found in great abundance. See Beckmann’s Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 480. -<cite>Bohn’s Edition</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_932_932"></a><a href="#FNanchor_932_932"><span class="label">932</span></a> The colour now known by painters as Emerald green.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_933_933"></a><a href="#FNanchor_933_933"><span class="label">933</span></a> As a “trigarius.” See B. xxviii. c. 72, and B. xxix. c. 5. From -Suetonius, c. 18, we learn that the Emperor Caligula, also, had the Circus -sanded with minium and chrysocolla. Ajasson is of opinion that the -chrysocolla thus employed was a kind of yellow mica or talc.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_934_934"></a><a href="#FNanchor_934_934"><span class="label">934</span></a> “Arenosam.” He alludes, probably, to the kind previously mentioned -as “aspera” or “rough chrysocolla.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_935_935"></a><a href="#FNanchor_935_935"><span class="label">935</span></a> For its identification, see B. xxxiv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_26">26</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_32">32</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_936_936"></a><a href="#FNanchor_936_936"><span class="label">936</span></a> See B. xxxv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_12">12</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_18">18</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_937_937"></a><a href="#FNanchor_937_937"><span class="label">937</span></a> Making a spurious kind of “lomentum,” possibly, a pigment mentioned -in c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a> of this Book. This passage seems to throw some light, -upon the words “in lomentum,” commented upon in Note <a href="#Footnote_929_929">929</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_938_938"></a><a href="#FNanchor_938_938"><span class="label">938</span></a> As to durability, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_939_939"></a><a href="#FNanchor_939_939"><span class="label">939</span></a> It was the mineral, probably, in an unprepared state.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_940_940"></a><a href="#FNanchor_940_940"><span class="label">940</span></a> Gold-glue or gold-solder.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_941_941"></a><a href="#FNanchor_941_941"><span class="label">941</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 46, as to the “nitrum” of Pliny. Galen, in describing -the manufacture of “santerna,” omits the nitre as an ingredient.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_942_942"></a><a href="#FNanchor_942_942"><span class="label">942</span></a> “Argentosum.” The “electrum,” probably, mentioned in c. 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_943_943"></a><a href="#FNanchor_943_943"><span class="label">943</span></a> As to the “cadmia” of Pliny, see B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_944_944"></a><a href="#FNanchor_944_944"><span class="label">944</span></a> “Plumbum album.” Tin, most probably. See B. xxxiv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_47">47</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_48">48</a>, -<a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_49">49</a>. Also Beckmann’s Hist. Inv., Vol. II. p. 219, <cite>Bohn’s Edition</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_945_945"></a><a href="#FNanchor_945_945"><span class="label">945</span></a> Of doubtful identity. See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_48">48</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_946_946"></a><a href="#FNanchor_946_946"><span class="label">946</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_19">19</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_947_947"></a><a href="#FNanchor_947_947"><span class="label">947</span></a> “Thracius lapis.” This stone, which is mentioned also by Nicander, -Galen, Simplicius, and Dioscorides, has not been identified. Holland has -the following Note on this passage: “Which some take for pit-cole, or sea-cole -rather, such as commeth from Newcastle by sea; or rather, a kind of -jeat (jet).” In either case, he is probably wide of the mark, neither coal -nor jet igniting on the application of water.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_948_948"></a><a href="#FNanchor_948_948"><span class="label">948</span></a> Or mistletoe.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_949_949"></a><a href="#FNanchor_949_949"><span class="label">949</span></a> In due succession to gold.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_950_950"></a><a href="#FNanchor_950_950"><span class="label">950</span></a> See B. xxxiv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_47">47</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_53">53</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_951_951"></a><a href="#FNanchor_951_951"><span class="label">951</span></a> “Plumbum nigrum”—“Black lead,” literally: so called by the ancients, -in contradistinction to “plumbum album,” “white lead,” our “tin,” -probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_952_952"></a><a href="#FNanchor_952_952"><span class="label">952</span></a> Lead ore; identified with “molybdæna” in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_53">53</a>. Native -sulphurate of lead is now known as “galena.” See Beckmann’s Hist. Inv. -Vol. II. p. 211, where this passage is commented upon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_953_953"></a><a href="#FNanchor_953_953"><span class="label">953</span></a> This Beckmann considers to be the same as the “galena” above mentioned; -half-vitrified lead, the “glätte” of the Germans.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_954_954"></a><a href="#FNanchor_954_954"><span class="label">954</span></a> The specific gravity of lead is 11.352, and of silver only 10.474.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_955_955"></a><a href="#FNanchor_955_955"><span class="label">955</span></a> From the words <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">μετ’ ἄλλα</span>, “one after another.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_956_956"></a><a href="#FNanchor_956_956"><span class="label">956</span></a> It is supposed that these shafts were in the neighbourhood of Castulo, -now Cazlona, near Linares in Spain. It was at Castulo that Hannibal -married his rich wife Himilce; and in the hills north of Linares there are -ancient silver mines still known its <em>Los Pozos de Anibal.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_957_957"></a><a href="#FNanchor_957_957"><span class="label">957</span></a> A mile and a half.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_958_958"></a><a href="#FNanchor_958_958"><span class="label">958</span></a> The proper reading here, as suggested by Sillig, is not improbably -“aquatini,” “water-carriers.” That, however, found in the MSS. is “Aquitani;” -but those were a people, not of Spain, but of Gaul. Hardouin suggests that -“Accitani” may be the correct reading, a people of that name -in Spain being mentioned in B. iii. c. 5.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_959_959"></a><a href="#FNanchor_959_959"><span class="label">959</span></a> Meaning “raw” silver, apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_960_960"></a><a href="#FNanchor_960_960"><span class="label">960</span></a> “Alumen.” See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_52">52</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_961_961"></a><a href="#FNanchor_961_961"><span class="label">961</span></a> Kircher speaks of this being still the case in his time.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_962_962"></a><a href="#FNanchor_962_962"><span class="label">962</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_19">19</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_963_963"></a><a href="#FNanchor_963_963"><span class="label">963</span></a> “Vomica liquoris æterni.” Mercury or quicksilver becomes solidified -and assumes a crystalline texture at 40° below zero. It is found chiefly -in the state of sulphuret, which is decomposed by distillation with iron or -lime. It is also found in a native state.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_964_964"></a><a href="#FNanchor_964_964"><span class="label">964</span></a> “Argentum vivum,” “living silver.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_965_965"></a><a href="#FNanchor_965_965"><span class="label">965</span></a> Ajasson thinks that this is not to be understood literally, but that -Pliny’s meaning is, that mercury is a universal dissolvent.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_966_966"></a><a href="#FNanchor_966_966"><span class="label">966</span></a> “Permanans tabe dirâ.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_967_967"></a><a href="#FNanchor_967_967"><span class="label">967</span></a> The specific gravity of mercury is 13.598, that of hammered gold -19.361. Platinum is only a recent discovery.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_968_968"></a><a href="#FNanchor_968_968"><span class="label">968</span></a> “Id unum ad se trahit.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_969_969"></a><a href="#FNanchor_969_969"><span class="label">969</span></a> “The first use of quicksilver is commonly reckoned a Spanish invention, -discovered about the middle of the sixteenth century; but it -appears from Pliny, that the ancients were acquainted with amalgam and -its use, not only for separating gold and silver from earthy particles, but -also for gilding.”—Beckmann, Hist. Inv., Vol. I. p. 15. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_970_970"></a><a href="#FNanchor_970_970"><span class="label">970</span></a> See the description of the mode of gilding, given in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_20">20</a> of -this Book. Beckmann has the following remarks on the present passage: -“That gold-leaf was affixed to metals by means of quicksilver, with the assistance -of heat, in the time of Pliny, we are told by himself in more passages -than one. The metal to be gilded was prepared by salts of every kind, -and rubbed with pumice-stone in order to clean it thoroughly (see Chapter -20), and to render the surface a little rough. This process is similar to -that used at present for gilding with amalgam, by means of heat, especially -as amalgamation was known to the ancients. But, to speak the truth, -Pliny says nothing of heating the metal <em>after</em> the gold is applied, or of -evaporating the quicksilver, but of drying the cleaned metal before the -gold is laid on. Had he not mentioned quicksilver, his gilding might -have been considered as that with gold leaf by means of heat, <em>dorure en -feuille à feu</em>, in which the gold is laid upon the metal after it has been -cleaned and heated, and strongly rubbed with blood-stone, or polished steel. -Felibien (<cite>Principes de l’Architecture.</cite> Paris, 1676, p. 280) was undoubtedly -right when he regretted that the process of the ancients, the excellence -of which is proved by remains of antiquity, has been lost.”—Hist. Inv. -Vol. II. pp. 294, 295. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_971_971"></a><a href="#FNanchor_971_971"><span class="label">971</span></a> Beckmann finds considerable difficulties in this description—“I acknowledge -that this passage I do not fully comprehend. It seems to say -that the quicksilver, when the gold was laid on too thin, appeared through -it, but that this might be prevented by mixing with the quicksilver the -white of an egg. The quicksilver then remained under the gold: a thing -which is impossible. When the smallest drop of quicksilver falls upon -gilding, it corrodes the noble metal, and produces an empty spot. It is, -therefore, incomprehensible to me how this could be prevented by using -the white of an egg. Did Pliny himself completely understand gilding? -Perhaps he only meant to say that many artists gave out the cold-gilding, -where the gold-leaf was laid on with the white of an egg, as gilding by -means of heat.”—Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 295.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_972_972"></a><a href="#FNanchor_972_972"><span class="label">972</span></a> Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_42">42</a> of this Book. See also Chapter 20, in Note <a href="#Footnote_868_868">868</a>, to which -it has been mentioned as artificial quicksilver.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_973_973"></a><a href="#FNanchor_973_973"><span class="label">973</span></a> He is speaking of Antimony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_974_974"></a><a href="#FNanchor_974_974"><span class="label">974</span></a> From its whiteness.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_975_975"></a><a href="#FNanchor_975_975"><span class="label">975</span></a> Under the name of “female stimmi,” Ajasson thinks that pure, or -native, antimony is meant, more particularly the lamelliform variety, remarkable -for its smoothness. He thinks it possible, also, that it may have -derived its Greek name “larbason,” or “larbasis,” from its brittleness.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_976_976"></a><a href="#FNanchor_976_976"><span class="label">976</span></a> Ajasson thinks that under this name, crude antimony or sulphuret of -antimony may have been included; as also sulphuret of lead, sulphuret of -antimony and copper, and sulphuret of antimony and silver; the last of -which is often found covered with an opaque pellicle.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_977_977"></a><a href="#FNanchor_977_977"><span class="label">977</span></a> “Globis.” The fracture of sulphuret of antimony is, in reality, small -subconchoïdal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_978_978"></a><a href="#FNanchor_978_978"><span class="label">978</span></a> “Eye dilating.” Belladonna, a preparation from the Atropa belladonna, -is now used in medicine for this purpose. A similar effect is attributed -in B. xxv. c. 92, to the plant Anagallis. In reality, the application -of prepared antimony would contract the eyelids, and so <em>appear</em> to enlarge -the eyes. This property is peculiar, Ajasson remarks, to sulphuret of antimony, -and sulphuret of antimony and silver.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_979_979"></a><a href="#FNanchor_979_979"><span class="label">979</span></a> Preparations “for beautifying the eyebrows.” See B. xxi. c. 73, B. -xxiii. c. 51, and B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_56">56</a>. Omphale, the Lydian queen, who captivated -Hercules, is represented by the tragic poet Ion, as using “stimmi” -for the purposes of the toilet. It was probably with a preparation of antimony -that Jezebel “painted her face, and tired her head.” 2 Kings, ix. 30. -The “Kohl” used by the females in Egypt and Persia is prepared from antimony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_980_980"></a><a href="#FNanchor_980_980"><span class="label">980</span></a> “Spuma argenti.” See the next <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_35">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_981_981"></a><a href="#FNanchor_981_981"><span class="label">981</span></a> According to Dioscorides, it was prepared as a cosmetic by enclosing -it in a lump of dough, and then burning it in the coals till reduced to a -cinder. It was then extinguished with milk and wine, and again placed -upon coals, and blown till ignition.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_982_982"></a><a href="#FNanchor_982_982"><span class="label">982</span></a> As to the “nitrum” of the ancients, see B. xxxi. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_983_983"></a><a href="#FNanchor_983_983"><span class="label">983</span></a> “Flos”—literally the “flower.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_984_984"></a><a href="#FNanchor_984_984"><span class="label">984</span></a> “From this passage we may infer that the metal antimony was occasionally -seen by the ancients, though not recognized by them as distinct -from lead.”—Dana’s System of Mineralogy, p. 418. New York, 1850.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_985_985"></a><a href="#FNanchor_985_985"><span class="label">985</span></a> Pliny has here mistaken the sense of the word <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">στέαρ</span>, which in the -passage of Dioscorides, B. v. c. 99, borrowed probably from the same -source, evidently means <em>dough</em>, and not grease.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_986_986"></a><a href="#FNanchor_986_986"><span class="label">986</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἕλκω</span>, “to drag”—in consequence of its viscous consistency, -Hardouin says.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_987_987"></a><a href="#FNanchor_987_987"><span class="label">987</span></a> In B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_53">53</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_988_988"></a><a href="#FNanchor_988_988"><span class="label">988</span></a> Cerates, adipose or oleaginous plasters. See B. xxiii. c. 81.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_989_989"></a><a href="#FNanchor_989_989"><span class="label">989</span></a> “Spuma argenti.” This he uses as a general name for fused oxide -of lead, the Litharge of commerce.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_990_990"></a><a href="#FNanchor_990_990"><span class="label">990</span></a> Ajasson thinks it possible that the “chrysitis,” or “golden” litharge, -may have been the yellow deutoxide of lead; the argyritis, or “silver” -litharge, the white variety of the same deutoxide; and the “molybditis,” -or “leaden” litharge, a general name for sulphuret of lead and silver; of -lead and antimony; of lead, antimony, and bismuth; and of lead, antimony, -and copper. Or perhaps, he thinks, they may have been the respective -names of yellow or golden litharge, white or silver litharge, and terne. -With the latter opinion Delafosse seems to coincide.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_991_991"></a><a href="#FNanchor_991_991"><span class="label">991</span></a> “Tubulis.” These cakes were probably made in a tubular form.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_992_992"></a><a href="#FNanchor_992_992"><span class="label">992</span></a> “Vena;” meaning the ore probably in its raw state, and mixed with -earth. All these distinctions are probably unfounded.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_993_993"></a><a href="#FNanchor_993_993"><span class="label">993</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_53">53</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_994_994"></a><a href="#FNanchor_994_994"><span class="label">994</span></a> Of “Puteolana.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_995_995"></a><a href="#FNanchor_995_995"><span class="label">995</span></a> The litharge.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_996_996"></a><a href="#FNanchor_996_996"><span class="label">996</span></a> The scoria.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_997_997"></a><a href="#FNanchor_997_997"><span class="label">997</span></a> Nothing whatever is known as to the identity of these varieties of -litharge. Indeed the words themselves are spelt in various ways in the -respective MSS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_998_998"></a><a href="#FNanchor_998_998"><span class="label">998</span></a> In B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_53">53</a>, where he identifies it with “galena,” mentioned -in Chapter <a href="#FNanchor_952_952">31</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_999_999"></a><a href="#FNanchor_999_999"><span class="label">999</span></a> See B. xviii. c. 13, B. xvi. c. 61, and B. xxii. c. 66.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1000_1000"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1000_1000"><span class="label">1000</span></a> Sal gem, or common salt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1001_1001"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1001_1001"><span class="label">1001</span></a> In this Chapter. See note <a href="#Footnote_987_987">987</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1002_1002"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1002_1002"><span class="label">1002</span></a> The minium spoken of in this and the following Chapter is our Cinnabar, -a bisulphurate of mercury. This ore is the great source of the mercury -of commerce, from which it is obtained by sublimation. When pure, -it is the same as the manufactured vermilion of commerce.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1003_1003"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1003_1003"><span class="label">1003</span></a> Intended, no doubt, to be typical of blood and carnage; and indicative -of a very low state of civilization.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1004_1004"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1004_1004"><span class="label">1004</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1005_1005"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1005_1005"><span class="label">1005</span></a> See B. v. c. 31.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1006_1006"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1006_1006"><span class="label">1006</span></a> See B. xvi. c. 12, and B. xxiv. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1007_1007"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1007_1007"><span class="label">1007</span></a> The same as the miltos mentioned below, “miltos” being the word -used by Homer, Il. II. 637. This substance is totally different from the -minium of the preceding Chapters, and from that mentioned in c. 40. It -is our red ochre, peroxide of iron, mixed in a greater or less degree with -argillaceous earth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1008_1008"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1008_1008"><span class="label">1008</span></a> See B. xxix. c. 8; where he speaks of the mistake made by the physicians -in giving mineral vermilion or minium to their patients instead of -Indian cinnabar. The latter substance is probably identical with that -which is now used for varnishes, being imported from India, and still -known as “dragons’ blood,” the resin of the Ptero-carpus draco, or Calamus -palm.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1009_1009"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1009_1009"><span class="label">1009</span></a> In B. viii. c. 12.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1010_1010"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1010_1010"><span class="label">1010</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_41">41</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1011_1011"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1011_1011"><span class="label">1011</span></a> The dragon’s blood, mentioned in the preceding <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_38">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1012_1012"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1012_1012"><span class="label">1012</span></a> “Single colour paintings.” See B. xxxv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_5">5</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_11">11</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_34">34</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1013_1013"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1013_1013"><span class="label">1013</span></a> Mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1014_1014"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1014_1014"><span class="label">1014</span></a> The “miltos” of the preceding Chapter. See Note <a href="#Footnote_1007_1007">1007</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1015_1015"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1015_1015"><span class="label">1015</span></a> In B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_13">13</a>, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1016_1016"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1016_1016"><span class="label">1016</span></a> He is here speaking of our cinnabar, or vermilion, mentioned in -Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1017_1017"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1017_1017"><span class="label">1017</span></a> See B. vi. cc. 27, 28, 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1018_1018"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1018_1018"><span class="label">1018</span></a> See B. iii. c. 3, Vol. I. p. 163. He alludes to the district of Almaden, -in Andalusia, still famous for its quicksilver mines.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1019_1019"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1019_1019"><span class="label">1019</span></a> When sold by the “publicani,” or farmers of the revenue.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1020_1020"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1020_1020"><span class="label">1020</span></a> Of the publicani.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1021_1021"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1021_1021"><span class="label">1021</span></a> Red oxide of lead, a much inferior pigment to cinnabar, or the minium -of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1022_1022"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1022_1022"><span class="label">1022</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_32">32</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1023_1023"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1023_1023"><span class="label">1023</span></a> Dana informs us that minium is usually associated with galena and -with calamine. Syst. Mineral, p. 495.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1024_1024"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1024_1024"><span class="label">1024</span></a> “Steriles.” Barren of silver, probably; though Hardouin thinks -that it means “barren of lead.” Holland renders it “barraine and void -of the right vermilion.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1025_1025"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1025_1025"><span class="label">1025</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1026_1026"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1026_1026"><span class="label">1026</span></a> B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_24">24</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1027_1027"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1027_1027"><span class="label">1027</span></a> When hired by the job for colouring walls or objects of art. See -B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_12">12</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1028_1028"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1028_1028"><span class="label">1028</span></a> See B. xvi. c. 12, and B. xxiv. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1029_1029"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1029_1029"><span class="label">1029</span></a> “Candelis.” The Abate Requeno thinks that these “candelæ” were -used as a delicate cauterium, simply to keep the wax soft, that it might -receive a polish from the friction of the linen.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1030_1030"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1030_1030"><span class="label">1030</span></a> Hence the use of it in the middle ages; a reminiscence of which still -exists in our word “rubric.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1031_1031"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1031_1031"><span class="label">1031</span></a> Or artificial quicksilver. In reality, hydrargyrus is prepared from the -<em>genuine</em> minium of Pliny, the cinnabar mentioned in Chapter 36: it being -obtained by the sublimation of sulphuret of mercury.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1032_1032"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1032_1032"><span class="label">1032</span></a> In Chapters 20 and 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1033_1033"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1033_1033"><span class="label">1033</span></a> This, probably, is the meaning of “lubrico humore compluere.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1034_1034"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1034_1034"><span class="label">1034</span></a> See the end of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_38">38</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1035_1035"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1035_1035"><span class="label">1035</span></a> Artificial quicksilver is still used for this purpose. See Note <a href="#Footnote_971_971">971</a> to -Chapter 32 of this Book; also Beckmann’s Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 295. -<cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1036_1036"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1036_1036"><span class="label">1036</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_32">32</a>. He alludes to the use of glair of eggs.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1037_1037"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1037_1037"><span class="label">1037</span></a> Literally “whetstone.” He is speaking of the stone known to us as -Touchstone, Lydian stone, or Basanite—“a velvet-black siliceous stone or -flinty jasper, used on account of its hardness and black colour for trying -the purity of the precious metals. The colour left on the stone after rubbing -the metal across it, indicates to the experienced eye the amount of -the alloy.”—Dana, Syst. Mineral., p. 242.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1038_1038"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1038_1038"><span class="label">1038</span></a> In Lydia. See B. v. cc. 30, 31.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1039_1039"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1039_1039"><span class="label">1039</span></a> As a test. At the present day, concentrated nitric acid is dropped on -the mark left by the metal; and the more readily the mark is effaced, the -less pure is the metal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1040_1040"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1040_1040"><span class="label">1040</span></a> This seems to be the meaning of “si sudet protinus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1041_1041"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1041_1041"><span class="label">1041</span></a> A very far-fetched explanation, and very wide of the mark.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1042_1042"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1042_1042"><span class="label">1042</span></a> “Paulum propulsa.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1043_1043"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1043_1043"><span class="label">1043</span></a> Which he supposes a concave surface to do.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1044_1044"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1044_1044"><span class="label">1044</span></a> This passage is noticed by Beckmann, in his account of Mirrors; -Vol. II. p. 58. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1045_1045"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1045_1045"><span class="label">1045</span></a> Distorting the image reflected, by reason of the irregularities of the -surface. See Seneca, Nat. Quæst. B. i. c. 5.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1046_1046"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1046_1046"><span class="label">1046</span></a> “Parma Thræcidica.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1047_1047"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1047_1047"><span class="label">1047</span></a> He probably means, whether the surface is made convex or concave -at these different angles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1048_1048"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1048_1048"><span class="label">1048</span></a> A subject to which he returns in various parts of B. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_1">xxxv</a>i.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1049_1049"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1049_1049"><span class="label">1049</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_48">48</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1050_1050"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1050_1050"><span class="label">1050</span></a> As to the identification of “stannum,” on which there have been -great differences of opinion, see B. xxxiv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_47">47</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_48">48</a>, and the Notes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1051_1051"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1051_1051"><span class="label">1051</span></a> For some account of this artist, see Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a> and the <a href="#Footnote_1207_1207">Notes</a> at the -end of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1052_1052"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1052_1052"><span class="label">1052</span></a> “Silver mirrors were known long before this period, as is proved by -a passage in the Mostellaria of Plautus, A. 1, S. 3, l. 101, where they are -distinctly mentioned. To reconcile this contradiction, Meursius remarks -that Pliny speaks only of his countrymen, and not of the Greeks, who had -such articles much earlier, though the scene in Plautus is at Athens.”—Beckmann, -Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 62. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1053_1053"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1053_1053"><span class="label">1053</span></a> “Nuper credi cœptum certiorem imaginem reddi auro opposito -aversis.”—“Of what Pliny says here I can give no explanation. Hardouin -(qy. if not Dalechamps?) is of opinion that mirrors, according to the -newest invention, at that period were covered behind with a plate of gold, -as our mirrors are with an amalgam. But as the ancient plates of silver -were not transparent, how could the gold at the back of them produce any -effect in regard to the image? May not the meaning be that a thin plate -of gold was placed at some distance before the mirror, in order to throw -more light upon its surface? Whatever may have been the case, Pliny -himself seems not to have had much confidence in the invention.”—Beckmann, -Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 62.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1054_1054"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1054_1054"><span class="label">1054</span></a> Dr. Watson (Chemical Essays, Vol. IV. p. 246) seems to think that -Pliny is here speaking of <em>glass</em> mirrors: “If we admit that Pliny was -acquainted with glass mirrors, we may thus understand what he says -respecting an invention which was then new, of applying gold behind a -mirror. Instead of an amalgam of tin, some one had proposed to cover -the back of the mirror with an amalgam of gold, with which the ancients -were certainly acquainted, and which they employed in gilding.” See -Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_20">20</a> of the present Book. On the above passage by Dr. Watson, -Beckmann has the following remarks: “This conjecture appears, at any -rate, to be ingenious; but when I read the passage again, without prejudice, -I can hardly believe that Pliny alludes to a plate of glass in a place -where he speaks only of metallic mirrors; and the overlaying with amalgam -requires too much art to allow me to ascribe it to such a period without -sufficient proof. I consider it more probable, that some person had -tried, by means of a polished plate of gold, to collect the rays of light, and -to throw them either on the mirror or the object, in order to render the -image brighter.”—Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 72.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1055_1055"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1055_1055"><span class="label">1055</span></a> The dog-headed divinity. The seat of his worship was at Cynopolis, -mentioned in B. v. c. 11. Under the Empire his worship became widely -spread both in Greece and at Rome.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1056_1056"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1056_1056"><span class="label">1056</span></a> Under the word “pingit,” he probably includes the art of enamelling -silver.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1057_1057"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1057_1057"><span class="label">1057</span></a> “Fulgoris excæcati.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1058_1058"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1058_1058"><span class="label">1058</span></a> “Chaplet” copper.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1059_1059"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1059_1059"><span class="label">1059</span></a> He either alludes to the practice of clipping the coin, or else to the -issue of forged silver denarii, short of weight.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1060_1060"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1060_1060"><span class="label">1060</span></a> During the prætorship of Marius Gratidianus. He was on terms of -great intimacy with Cicero, and was murdered by Catiline in a most barbarous -manner during the proscriptions of Sylla.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1061_1061"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1061_1061"><span class="label">1061</span></a> By public enactment probably; samples of the false denarius being -sold for the purpose of showing the difference between it and the genuine -coin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1062_1062"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1062_1062"><span class="label">1062</span></a> Twenty times one hundred thousand, &c.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1063_1063"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1063_1063"><span class="label">1063</span></a> As signifying a “debt owing to another.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1064_1064"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1064_1064"><span class="label">1064</span></a> “The Rich.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1065_1065"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1065_1065"><span class="label">1065</span></a> This seems the best translation for “decoxisse creditoribus suis,” -which literally means that he “boiled” or “melted away” his fortune from -his creditors. In this remark Pliny is more witty than usual.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1066_1066"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1066_1066"><span class="label">1066</span></a> The Triumvir. The first person mentioned in Roman history as -having the cognomen “Dives,” is P. Licinius Crassus, the personage -mentioned in B. xxi. c. 4. As he attained the highest honours of the -state, and died universally respected, he cannot be the person so opprobriously -spoken of by Pliny.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1067_1067"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1067_1067"><span class="label">1067</span></a> The meaning appears to be doubtful here, as it is not clear whether -“sesterces,” or “sestertia,” “thousands of sesterces,” is meant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1068_1068"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1068_1068"><span class="label">1068</span></a> Who cut off his head after his death, and poured molten gold down -his throat.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1069_1069"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1069_1069"><span class="label">1069</span></a> Originally the slave of Antonia, the mother of Claudius. Agrippina, -the wife of Claudius, admitted him to her embraces, and in conjunction -with her he for some time ruled the destinies of the Roman Empire. He -was poisoned by order of Nero, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 63.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1070_1070"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1070_1070"><span class="label">1070</span></a> C. Julius Callistus, the freedman of Caligula, in whose assassination -he was an accomplice. The physician Scribonius Largus dedicated his -work to Callistus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1071_1071"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1071_1071"><span class="label">1071</span></a> A freedman of the Emperor Claudius, whose epistolary correspondence -he superintended. He was put to death on the accession of Nero, -<span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 54.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1072_1072"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1072_1072"><span class="label">1072</span></a> In which case it would be dangerous to speak of them.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1073_1073"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1073_1073"><span class="label">1073</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 746.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1074_1074"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1074_1074"><span class="label">1074</span></a> According to some authorities, he was a Lydian. He derived his -wealth from his gold mines in the neighbourhood of Celænæ in Phrygia, -and would appear, in spite of Pliny’s reservation, to have been little less -than a king. His five sons accompanied Xerxes; but Pythius, alarmed by -an eclipse of the sun, begged that the eldest might be left behind. Upon -this, Xerxes had the youth put to death, and his body cut in two, the army -being ordered to march between the portions, which were placed on either -side of the road. His other sons were all slain in battle, and Pythius -passed the rest of his life in solitude.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1075_1075"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1075_1075"><span class="label">1075</span></a> “Stipem spargere.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1076_1076"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1076_1076"><span class="label">1076</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 568.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1077_1077"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1077_1077"><span class="label">1077</span></a> In performance of a vow made in the war with King Antiochus. -See Livy, B. xxxix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1078_1078"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1078_1078"><span class="label">1078</span></a> So called from the silversmiths who respectively introduced them. -The Gratian plate is mentioned by Martial, B. iv. Epigr. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1079_1079"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1079_1079"><span class="label">1079</span></a> “Etenim tabernas mensis adoptamus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1080_1080"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1080_1080"><span class="label">1080</span></a> “Anaglypta.” Plate chased in relief. It is mentioned in the Epigram -of Martial above referred to.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1081_1081"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1081_1081"><span class="label">1081</span></a> “Asperitatemque exciso circa liniarum picturas,”—a passage, the -obscurity of which, as Littré remarks, seems to set translation at defiance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1082_1082"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1082_1082"><span class="label">1082</span></a> He alludes, probably to tiers of shelves on the beaufets or sideboards—“repositoria”—similar -to those used for the display of plate in the -middle ages. Petronius Arbiter speaks of a round “repositorium,” -which seems to have borne a considerable resemblance to our “dumb -waiters.” The “repositoria” here alluded to by Pliny were probably -made of silver.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1083_1083"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1083_1083"><span class="label">1083</span></a> “Interradimus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1084_1084"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1084_1084"><span class="label">1084</span></a> “Carrucæ.” The “carruca” was a carriage, the name of which -only occurs under the emperors, the present being the first mention of it. -It had four wheels and was used in travelling, like the “carpentum.” -Martial, B. iii. Epig. 47, uses the word as synonymous with “rheda.” -Alexander Severus allowed the senators to have them plated with silver. -The name is of Celtic origin, and is the basis of the mediæval word “carucate,” -and the French <em>carrosse</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1085_1085"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1085_1085"><span class="label">1085</span></a> So called from his victory over the Allobroges.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1086_1086"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1086_1086"><span class="label">1086</span></a> In allusion to the case of P. Cornelius Rufinus, the consul, who was -denounced in the senate by the censors C. Fabricius Luscinus and Q. Æmilius -Rufus, for being in possession of a certain quantity of silver plate. -This story is also referred to in B. xviii. c. 8, where <em>ten</em> pounds is the -quantity mentioned.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1087_1087"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1087_1087"><span class="label">1087</span></a> This is said ironically.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1088_1088"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1088_1088"><span class="label">1088</span></a> Sextus Ælius Pœtus Catus, Consul <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 198.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1089_1089"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1089_1089"><span class="label">1089</span></a> “Prandentem.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1090_1090"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1090_1090"><span class="label">1090</span></a> L. Paulus Æmilius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1091_1091"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1091_1091"><span class="label">1091</span></a> It being lent from house to house. This, no doubt, was said ironically, -and as a sneer at their poverty.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1092_1092"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1092_1092"><span class="label">1092</span></a> Now Arles. It was made a military colony in the time of Augustus. -See B. iii. c. 5, and B. x. c. 57.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1093_1093"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1093_1093"><span class="label">1093</span></a> “Pellitum.” There has been considerable doubt as to the meaning -of this, but it is most probable that the “privilege of the fur,” or in other -words, a license to be clad in certain kinds of fur, was conferred on certain -men of rank in the provinces. Holland considers it to be the old participle -of “pello,” and translates the passage “banished out of the country -and nation where his father was born.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1094_1094"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1094_1094"><span class="label">1094</span></a> “Triclinia.” The couches on which they reclined when at table.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1095_1095"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1095_1095"><span class="label">1095</span></a> See B. ix. c. 13.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1096_1096"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1096_1096"><span class="label">1096</span></a> This pattern, whatever it may have been, is also spoken of by Cicero, -pro Murenâ, and by Valerius Maximus, B. vii. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1097_1097"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1097_1097"><span class="label">1097</span></a> “Lances.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1098_1098"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1098_1098"><span class="label">1098</span></a> “Dispensator.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1099_1099"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1099_1099"><span class="label">1099</span></a> “Conservi”—said in keen irony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1100_1100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1100_1100"><span class="label">1100</span></a> Giants, at least, one would think.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1101_1101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1101_1101"><span class="label">1101</span></a> Over the party of Marius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1102_1102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1102_1102"><span class="label">1102</span></a> See B. ix. c. 13.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1103_1103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1103_1103"><span class="label">1103</span></a> “Compacta;” probably meaning inlaid like Mosaic.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1104_1104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1104_1104"><span class="label">1104</span></a> See B. xiii. c. 29, B. xv. c. 7, and B. xvi. cc. 26, 27, 84.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1105_1105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1105_1105"><span class="label">1105</span></a> Meaning, “drum sideboards,” or “tambour sideboards,” their shape, -probably, being like that of our dumb waiters.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1106_1106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1106_1106"><span class="label">1106</span></a> The name given to which was “lanx,” plural “lances.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1107_1107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1107_1107"><span class="label">1107</span></a> His age and country are uncertain. We learn, however, from Chapter -<a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a> of this Book, that he flourished before the burning of the Temple of -Diana at Ephesus, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 356. He is frequently mentioned in the classical -writers. See also B. vii. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1108_1108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1108_1108"><span class="label">1108</span></a> He includes, probably, under this name both Asia Minor and Syria. -See a similar passage in Livy, B. xxxix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1109_1109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1109_1109"><span class="label">1109</span></a> This passage is rejected by Sillig as a needless interpolation.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1110_1110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1110_1110"><span class="label">1110</span></a> Asia Minor.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1111_1111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1111_1111"><span class="label">1111</span></a> King of Pergamus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1112_1112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1112_1112"><span class="label">1112</span></a> Over King Antiochus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1113_1113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1113_1113"><span class="label">1113</span></a> He alludes to the destruction of Corinth, by L. Mummius Achaïcus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1114_1114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1114_1114"><span class="label">1114</span></a> A drinking cup with handles, sacred to Bacchus. See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_25">25</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1115_1115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1115_1115"><span class="label">1115</span></a> Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1116_1116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1116_1116"><span class="label">1116</span></a> In allusion to the plebeian origin of C. Marius, who was born at the -village of Cereatæ, near Arpinum. It is more than probable that the -story that he had worked as a common peasant for wages, was an invention -of the faction of Sylla.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1117_1117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1117_1117"><span class="label">1117</span></a> “Ille arator Arpinas, et manipularis imperator.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1118_1118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1118_1118"><span class="label">1118</span></a> Meaning the first king of that name. He was son of Mithridates IV., -king of Pontus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1119_1119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1119_1119"><span class="label">1119</span></a> Appian says that there “was a gold statue of this Mithridates, exhibited -in the triumph of Pompey, eight cubits in height.” Plutarch speaks -of another statue of the same king, exhibited by Lucullus, six feet in -height.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1120_1120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1120_1120"><span class="label">1120</span></a> “Compedes.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_12">12</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1121_1121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1121_1121"><span class="label">1121</span></a> The translation of this passage is somewhat doubtful. We will, therefore, -subjoin that of Holland, who adopts the other version. “As we -may see by our proud and sumptuous dames, that are but commoners and -artizans’ wives, who are forced to make themselves carquans and such ornaments -for their shoes, of silver, because the rigour of the statute provided -in that case will not permit them to weare the same of gold.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1122_1122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1122_1122"><span class="label">1122</span></a> A rhetorician who taught at Rome in the reign of Augustus. The -poet Ovid was one of his pupils. His rival in teaching declamation was -Porcius Latro.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1123_1123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1123_1123"><span class="label">1123</span></a> Of an improper intimacy with his pupils.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1124_1124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1124_1124"><span class="label">1124</span></a> Rings of silver being passed through the prepuce. This practice is -described by Celsus, B. vii. c. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1125_1125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1125_1125"><span class="label">1125</span></a> “Videret hinc dona fortium fieri, aut in hæc frangi.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1126_1126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1126_1126"><span class="label">1126</span></a> In B. vii. c. 39, and in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1127_1127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1127_1127"><span class="label">1127</span></a> “Quatuor paria ab eo omnino facta sunt.” Sillig, in his <cite>Dictionary -of Ancient Artists</cite>, finds a difficulty in this passage. “The term ‘omnino’ -seems to imply that the productions in question, all of which perished, -were the <em>only</em> works executed by this artist; but we find several passages -of ancient writers, in which vases, &c. engraved by Mentor, are mentioned -as extant. Thus, then, we must conclude, either that the term ‘omnino’ -should be understood in the sense of ‘chiefly,’ ‘pre-eminently,’ or that the -individuals claiming to possess works of Mentor, were themselves misinformed, -or endeavoured to deceive others.” If, however, we look at the -word “paria” in a strictly technical sense, the difficulty will probably be -removed. Pliny’s meaning seems to be that Mentor made four <em>pairs</em>, and -no more, of some peculiar kind of vessel probably, and that all these -pairs were now lost. He does not say that Mentor did not make other -works of art, in <em>single</em> pieces. Thiersch, <cite>Act. Acad. Monac.</cite> v. p. 128, expresses -an opinion that the word “omnino” is a corruption, and that in -it lies concealed the name of the kind of plate that is meant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1128_1128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1128_1128"><span class="label">1128</span></a> See B. vii. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1129_1129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1129_1129"><span class="label">1129</span></a> His age and country are unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1130_1130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1130_1130"><span class="label">1130</span></a> From Pausanias we learn that he was a statuary and engraver on -plate, born at Carthage; but Raoul Rochette thinks that he was a native -of Chalcedon. He is mentioned also by Cicero, In Verrem, 4. 14, and in -the Culex, l. 66, ascribed by some to Virgil.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1131_1131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1131_1131"><span class="label">1131</span></a> His country is uncertain. According to the statements of Pausanias, -B. i. c. 28, he must have been a contemporary of Phidias, about Olymp. -84, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 444. He is mentioned also by Propertius, Martial, and Statius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1132_1132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1132_1132"><span class="label">1132</span></a> His birth-place is unknown, but he probably lived about the time of -Phidias, and we learn from Pausanias that he was living when the plague -ceased at Athens, in <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 429. He is mentioned also by Cicero, Ovid, -Quintilian, Lucian, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1133_1133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1133_1133"><span class="label">1133</span></a> Nothing further is known of this artist.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1134_1134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1134_1134"><span class="label">1134</span></a> “Collocavisse verius quam cælasse.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1135_1135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1135_1135"><span class="label">1135</span></a> “Phiala.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1136_1136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1136_1136"><span class="label">1136</span></a> He lived probably about Olymp. 126; but his country is unknown. -He is mentioned by Athenæus. See also B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1137_1137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1137_1137"><span class="label">1137</span></a> Nothing whatever is known of him, unless indeed he is identical with -the Tauriscus mentioned in B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_5">5</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1138_1138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1138_1138"><span class="label">1138</span></a> Nothing is known of his age or country. He is also mentioned in -B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1139_1139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1139_1139"><span class="label">1139</span></a> His age and country are unknown. See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1140_1140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1140_1140"><span class="label">1140</span></a> Nothing further is known of him. See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1141_1141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1141_1141"><span class="label">1141</span></a> See the <a href="#Page_143">end</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1142_1142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1142_1142"><span class="label">1142</span></a> Beyond the mention made of him in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>, no particulars -relative to him are known.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1143_1143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1143_1143"><span class="label">1143</span></a> Other readings of this name are “Lædus Stratiotes,” “Ledis Thracides,” -“Hieris Thracides,” and “Lidistratices.” The Bamberg MS. has -“Hedys Trachides.” Salmasius, Hardouin, and Sillig propose “Leostratides,” -and Thiersch “Lysistratides.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1144_1144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1144_1144"><span class="label">1144</span></a> Nothing further is known of him.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1145_1145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1145_1145"><span class="label">1145</span></a> For the murder of his mother Clytæmnestra.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1146_1146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1146_1146"><span class="label">1146</span></a> Nothing is known of this artist.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1147_1147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1147_1147"><span class="label">1147</span></a> From Troy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1148_1148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1148_1148"><span class="label">1148</span></a> “Coquos,” literally, “cooks.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1149_1149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1149_1149"><span class="label">1149</span></a> “Cooks in miniature.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1150_1150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1150_1150"><span class="label">1150</span></a> By the process of moulding, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1151_1151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1151_1151"><span class="label">1151</span></a> “Crustarius.” Of this artist nothing further is known.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1152_1152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1152_1152"><span class="label">1152</span></a> Yellow or brown Ochre, probably. Ajasson thinks that under this -name may be included peroxide of iron, hydroxide of iron in a stalactitic -and mamillary form, and compact peroxide of iron, imparting a colour to -argillaceous earth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1153_1153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1153_1153"><span class="label">1153</span></a> “Scaly and ochrey brown iron ore are decomposed earthy varieties, -often soft like chalk; yellow ochre is here included.”—Dana, Syst. Mineral, -p. 436.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1154_1154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1154_1154"><span class="label">1154</span></a> “Marmorosum.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1155_1155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1155_1155"><span class="label">1155</span></a> “Lucidum.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1156_1156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1156_1156"><span class="label">1156</span></a> “Abacos.” Small compartments -or partitions in a square form on the walls of rooms.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1157_1157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1157_1157"><span class="label">1157</span></a> See B. vii. c. 57, where he is called an Athenian, whereas he was a -native of Thasos. He was one of the most eminent painters of antiquity, -and flourished in the age of Pericles. See a further account of him in -B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_35">35</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1158_1158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1158_1158"><span class="label">1158</span></a> Son of Phanochus, and contemporary of Polygnotus. See B. xxxv. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_25">25</a>, where it is stated that in conjunction with Polygnotus, he either -invented some new colours, or employed them in his paintings on a better -plan than that previously adopted.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1159_1159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1159_1159"><span class="label">1159</span></a> “It is possible that the ‘cæruleum’ of the ancients may in some cases -have been real ultramarine, but properly and in general, it was only copper -ochre.”—Beckmann’s Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 472. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite> Delafosse -identifies it with blue carbonate and hydrocarbonate of copper, one -of the two azurites.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1160_1160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1160_1160"><span class="label">1160</span></a> “Candidiorem nigrioremve, et crassiorem tenuioremve.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1161_1161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1161_1161"><span class="label">1161</span></a> Beckmann thinks that Pliny is here alluding to an artificial kind of -“cæruleum.” “Pliny clearly adds to it an artificial colour, which in my -opinion was made in the same manner as our lake; for he speaks of an -earth, which when boiled with plants, acquired their blue colour.”—Hist. -Inv., Vol. II. p. 480.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1162_1162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1162_1162"><span class="label">1162</span></a> Supposed by Hardouin to have been “glastum” or “woad,” the Isatis -tinctoria of Linnæus, mentioned in B. xxii. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1163_1163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1163_1163"><span class="label">1163</span></a> “In suâ coquitur herbâ.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1164_1164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1164_1164"><span class="label">1164</span></a> A blue powder; see Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_27">27</a> of this Book. Beckmann has the -following remarks on this and the preceding lines: “The well-known -passage of Pliny in which Lehmann thinks he can with certainty discover -cobalt, is so singular a medley that nothing to be depended on can be -gathered from it. The author, it is true, where he treats of mineral pigments, -seems to speak of a blue sand which produced different shades of -blue paint, according as it was pounded coarser or finer. The palest powder -was called lomentum, and this Lehmann considers as our powder-blue. I -am, however, fully convinced that the <em>cyanus</em> of Theophrastus, the <em>cæruleum</em> -of Pliny, and the <em>chrysocolla</em> (see Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_26">26</a>), were the blue copper earth -already mentioned, which may have been mixed and blended together.”—Hist. -Inv. Vol. I. pp. 480, 481. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1165_1165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1165_1165"><span class="label">1165</span></a> According to Vitruvius, B. vii. c. 11, the manufactory of Vestorius -was at Puteoli, now Pozzuoli. This was probably the same C. Vestorius -who was also a money-lender and a friend of Atticus, and with whom -Cicero had monetary transactions. He is mentioned as “Vestorium meum,” -in the Epistles of Cicero to Atticus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1166_1166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1166_1166"><span class="label">1166</span></a> For colouring surfaces of clay or cretaceous earth. This kind was also -manufactured by Vesturius, most probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1167_1167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1167_1167"><span class="label">1167</span></a> “Idem et Puteolani usus, præterque ad fenestras.” “The expression -here, <em>usus ad fenestras</em>, has been misapplied by Lehmann, as a strong proof -of his assertion; for he explained it as if Pliny had said that a blue pigment -was used for painting window-frames; but glass windows were at -that time unknown. I suspect that Pliny meant to say only that one -kind of paint could not be employed near openings which afforded a -passage to the light, as it soon decayed and lost its colour. This would -have been the case in particular with <em>lake</em>, in which there was a mixture of -vegetable particles.”—Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 480.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1168_1168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1168_1168"><span class="label">1168</span></a> “Indian” pigment. Probably our “indigo.” It is again mentioned, -and at greater length, in B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_27">27</a>. See also Beckmann, Hist. -Inv. Vol. II. pp. 259, 267. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1169_1169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1169_1169"><span class="label">1169</span></a> This is probably a more correct reading than “seven.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1170_1170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1170_1170"><span class="label">1170</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_19">19</a>. Vitruvius, B. vii. c. 14, describes an exactly -similar method adopted by dyers for imitating the colour of Attic sil, or -ochre, mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1171_1171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1171_1171"><span class="label">1171</span></a> A quarter in the city of Capua, inhabited by druggists and perfumers; -see B. xvi. c. 18, and B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_25">25</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1172_1172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1172_1172"><span class="label">1172</span></a> In some MSS. the reading here is “Domitius,” and in others the -name is omitted altogether. We learn from the writings of Suetonius, -that the Emperor Domitian devoted himself to literary pursuits in his -younger days, and Quintilian and the younger Pliny speak of his poetical -productions as equal to those of the greatest masters. Sillig expresses an -opinion that Pliny may possibly have borrowed something from his works, -and inserted his name, with a view of pleasing the young prince and his -father, the Emperor Vespasian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1173_1173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1173_1173"><span class="label">1173</span></a> He is quoted in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_9">9</a> of this Book, where it appears that he took -his cognomen on account of his friendship for C. Gracchus. He wrote a -work, “De Potestatibus,” which gave an account of the Roman magistrates -from the time of the kings. A few fragments of this work, which was -highly esteemed by the ancients, are all that remain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1174_1174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1174_1174"><span class="label">1174</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1175_1175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1175_1175"><span class="label">1175</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1176_1176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1176_1176"><span class="label">1176</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1177_1177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1177_1177"><span class="label">1177</span></a> Valerius Messala Corvinus. See end of B. ix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1178_1178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1178_1178"><span class="label">1178</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1179_1179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1179_1179"><span class="label">1179</span></a> Calvus Licinius Macer was the son of C. Licinius Macer, a person of -prætorian rank, who, on being impeached of extortion by Cicero, committed -suicide. We learn from our author, B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_50">50</a>, that in his -youth he devoted himself to study with the greatest zeal, and applied himself -with singular energy to intellectual pursuits. His constitution, however, -was early exhausted, and he died in his 35th or 36th year, leaving -behind him twenty-one orations. We learn from Cicero and Quintilian -that his compositions were carefully moulded after the models of the Attic -school, but were deficient in ease and freshness. As a poet he was the -author of many short pieces, equally remarkable for their looseness and -elegance. He wrote also some severe lampoons on Pompey and Cæsar, -and their respective partisans. Ovid and Horace, besides several of the -prose writers, make mention of him.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1180_1180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1180_1180"><span class="label">1180</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1181_1181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1181_1181"><span class="label">1181</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1182_1182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1182_1182"><span class="label">1182</span></a> Cornelius Bocchus. See end of B. xvi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1183_1183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1183_1183"><span class="label">1183</span></a> Annius or Annæus Fetialis. See end of B. xvi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1184_1184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1184_1184"><span class="label">1184</span></a> See end of B. viii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1185_1185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1185_1185"><span class="label">1185</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1186_1186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1186_1186"><span class="label">1186</span></a> See end of B. xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1187_1187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1187_1187"><span class="label">1187</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1188_1188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1188_1188"><span class="label">1188</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1189_1189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1189_1189"><span class="label">1189</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1190_1190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1190_1190"><span class="label">1190</span></a> See end of B. v.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1191_1191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1191_1191"><span class="label">1191</span></a> The person mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book, is probably different -from those of the same name mentioned at the end of Books ii. and iv. If -so, no further particulars are known of him.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1192_1192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1192_1192"><span class="label">1192</span></a> It seems impossible to say which of the physicians of this name is -here alluded to. See end of Books iv. and xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1193_1193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1193_1193"><span class="label">1193</span></a> See end of B. xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1194_1194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1194_1194"><span class="label">1194</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1195_1195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1195_1195"><span class="label">1195</span></a> See end of B. xiii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1196_1196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1196_1196"><span class="label">1196</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1197_1197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1197_1197"><span class="label">1197</span></a> See end of B. xii.; and for Sallustius Dionysius, see end of B. xxxi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1198_1198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1198_1198"><span class="label">1198</span></a> See end of B. xxix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1199_1199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1199_1199"><span class="label">1199</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1200_1200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1200_1200"><span class="label">1200</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1201_1201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1201_1201"><span class="label">1201</span></a> As King Attalus was very skilful in medicine, Hardouin is of -opinion that he is the person here meant; see end of B. viii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1202_1202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1202_1202"><span class="label">1202</span></a> A different person, most probably, from the writer of Pliny’s age, -mentioned in B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_2">2</a>. The Xenocrates here mentioned is probably -the same person that is spoken of in B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>, a statuary of the -school of Lysippus, and the pupil either of Tisicrates or of Euthycrates, -who flourished about <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 260.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1203_1203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1203_1203"><span class="label">1203</span></a> There were two artists of this name, prior to the time of Pliny; a -sculptor, mentioned by him in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>, and a painter, contemporary -with Apelles, mentioned in B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>. It is impossible to say which -of them, if either, is here meant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1204_1204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1204_1204"><span class="label">1204</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1205_1205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1205_1205"><span class="label">1205</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1206_1206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1206_1206"><span class="label">1206</span></a> It is impossible to say which writer of this name is here meant. See -end of Books iv., viii., xi., and xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1207_1207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1207_1207"><span class="label">1207</span></a> A statuary, sculptor, and chaser in silver, who flourished at Rome -about <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 60. He was a native of Magna Græcia, in the south of Italy. -He is not only mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a> of the present Book, but also in -B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>, as an artist of the highest distinction. His narrow escape -from a panther, while copying from nature, is mentioned in B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>. -His five Books on the most celebrated works of sculpture and chasing were -looked upon as a high authority in art. He was also the head of a school -of artists.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1208_1208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1208_1208"><span class="label">1208</span></a> A writer on painting of this name is mentioned by Diogenes Laertius, -B. vii. c. 12. He is probably the same as the person here mentioned, and -identical with the Greek sculptor mentioned by Pliny in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>, -who probably flourished about 240 <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> The Toreutic Art, “Toreutice,” -was the art of making raised work in silver or bronze, either by graving -or casting: but the exact meaning of the word is somewhat uncertain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1209_1209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1209_1209"><span class="label">1209</span></a> Menæchmus of Sicyon, probably; see end of B. iv., also B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1210_1210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1210_1210"><span class="label">1210</span></a> If he is really a different person from the Xenocrates mentioned above, -nothing is known of him.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1211_1211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1211_1211"><span class="label">1211</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1212_1212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1212_1212"><span class="label">1212</span></a> Possibly one of the persons mentioned at the end of Books viii., xix., -and xxxi. If not, nothing whatever is known of him.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1213_1213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1213_1213"><span class="label">1213</span></a> An Athenian writer, surnamed “Periegetes.” The work here mentioned, -is alluded to by other writers under different names. From a -passage in Athenæus, he is supposed to have lived after the time of Antiochus -Epiphanes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1214_1214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1214_1214"><span class="label">1214</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1215_1215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1215_1215"><span class="label">1215</span></a> The present Book is translated by the late Dr. Bostock, the translation -being corrected by the readings of the Bamberg MS., which do not appear -to have come under his notice. Some Notes by Dr. Bostock will be also -found at the commencement of Books 33 and 35; they are distinguished -by the initial B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1216_1216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1216_1216"><span class="label">1216</span></a> “Æris Metalla.” The word “Æs” does not entirely correspond to -our word “brass;” the brass of the moderns being a compound of copper -and zinc, while the “Æs” of the ancients was mostly composed of copper -and tin, and therefore, would be more correctly designated by the word -“bronze.” But this last term is now so generally appropriated to works of -art, that it would seem preferable to employ in most cases the more general -terms “copper” or “brass.” For an excellent account of the “Æs” of the -ancients, see Smith’s Dict. Antiq. “Æs.”—B. Mr. Westmacott, in the -above-mentioned article, says that the ancient “Æs” has been found, -upon analysis, to contain no zinc, but in nearly every instance to be a mixture -of copper and tin, like our bronze. Beckmann says, on the other -hand, that the mixture of zinc and copper now called “brass,” first discovered -by ores, abundant in zinc, <em>was certainly known to the ancients</em>. -“In the course of time, an ore, <em>which must have been calamine</em>, was added -to copper while melting, to give it a yellow colour.” Hist. Inv. Vol. II. -pp. 32, 33. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite> There can be little doubt that the native -<em>Cadmia</em> of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a> of this Book was our Calamine, hydrosilicate of -zinc, or carbonate of zinc, or else copper ore impregnated with calamine.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1217_1217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1217_1217"><span class="label">1217</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_13">13</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1218_1218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1218_1218"><span class="label">1218</span></a> “Stipis auctoritas.” The standard in money payments.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1219_1219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1219_1219"><span class="label">1219</span></a> These terms must have come into use when brass, “æs,” was the -ordinary medium, of circulation.—B. Their meaning is, “soldiers’ pay,” -“tribunes of the treasury,” the “public treasury,” “made bondmen for -debt,” and “mulcted of their pay.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1220_1220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1220_1220"><span class="label">1220</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_13">13</a>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1221_1221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1221_1221"><span class="label">1221</span></a> “Collegium” The colleges of the priests and of the augurs being -the first two associated bodies.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1222_1222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1222_1222"><span class="label">1222</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_31">31</a>, where we have an account of the ores of silver.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1223_1223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1223_1223"><span class="label">1223</span></a> Pliny again refers to this mineral in the <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a>d Chapter. We have no -means of ascertaining, with certainty, what is the substance to which this -name was applied by the ancients. The ores of copper are very numerous, -and of various chemical constitutions: the most abundant, and those -most commonly employed in the production of the pure metal, are the -sulphurets, more especially what is termed copper pyrites, and the oxides. -It has been supposed, by some commentators, that the Cadmia of the ancients -was Calamine, which is an ore of zinc; but we may be confident -that the <em>Æs</em> of the ancients could not be produced from this substance, -because, as has been stated above, the <em>Æs</em> contains no zinc. I must, however, -observe that the contrary opinion is maintained by M. Delafosso.—B. -See Note <a href="#Footnote_1216_1216">1216</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1224_1224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1224_1224"><span class="label">1224</span></a> The inhabitants of Bergamum, the modern Bergamo.—B. See B. iii. -c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1225_1225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1225_1225"><span class="label">1225</span></a> Aristotle gives the same account of the copper ore of Cyprus. Chalcitis -is also spoken of by Dioscorides, as an ore of copper.—B. See further -as to “Chalcitis,” in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_29">29</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1226_1226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1226_1226"><span class="label">1226</span></a> There has been much discussion respecting the nature of this substance, -and the derivation of the word. Hardouin conceives it probable -that it was originally written “orichalcum,” <em>i.e.</em> “mountain brass” or -“copper.”—B. Ajasson considers it to be native brass, a mixture of copper -and zinc. In the later writers it signifies artificial brass. The exact composition -of this metal is still unknown, but there is little doubt that Hardouin -is right in his supposition as to the origin of the name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1227_1227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1227_1227"><span class="label">1227</span></a> Possibly so called from Sallustius Crispus, the historian, who was one -of the secretaries of Augustus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1228_1228"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1228_1228"><span class="label">1228</span></a> There is some doubt respecting the locality of these people; they are -enumerated by Pliny among the inhabitants of the mountainous districts of -Savoy, B. iii. c. 24, and are referred to by Ptolemy.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1229_1229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1229_1229"><span class="label">1229</span></a> Livia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1230_1230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1230_1230"><span class="label">1230</span></a> It was named “Marian,” after the celebrated Marius, and “Corduban,” -from the place whence it was procured; probably the mountains near -Corduba, in Spain, well known as the birth-place of the two Senecas and -of Lucan.—B. See B. iii. c. 3, and B. xix. c. 43.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1231_1231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1231_1231"><span class="label">1231</span></a> No light is thrown upon the nature either of Cadmia or Aurichalcum -by this statement; we only learn from it that different compounds, or substances -possessing different physical properties, went under the common -appellation of <em>Æs</em>, and were, each of them, employed in the formation of -coins.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1232_1232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1232_1232"><span class="label">1232</span></a> “Dupondiariis.” The “as,” it must be remembered, <em>originally</em> -weighed one pound. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_13">13</a>, and the Introduction to Vol. III.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1233_1233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1233_1233"><span class="label">1233</span></a> He alludes to the <em>ancient</em> works of art in this compound metal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1234_1234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1234_1234"><span class="label">1234</span></a> The art of making compound metals.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1235_1235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1235_1235"><span class="label">1235</span></a> Vulcan, namely.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1236_1236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1236_1236"><span class="label">1236</span></a> No one has accidentally stumbled upon the art of making this composite -metal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1237_1237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1237_1237"><span class="label">1237</span></a> We have an account of the destruction of Corinth, and the accidental -formation of this compound, in Florus, B. ii. c. 16. Although this account -was generally received by the ancients, we may venture to assert, -that it cannot be correct; we cannot conceive the possibility of such a -fusion taking place during the destruction of the city, or of the complete -union of the components, in the mode in which they have been found to -exist.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1238_1238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1238_1238"><span class="label">1238</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 146.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1239_1239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1239_1239"><span class="label">1239</span></a> “Trulleos.” In an epigram of Martial, B. ix. Ep. 97, the word -“trulla” signifies a chamber-pot.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1240_1240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1240_1240"><span class="label">1240</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἥπαρ</span>, “the liver.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1241_1241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1241_1241"><span class="label">1241</span></a> The Delian brass is mentioned by Cicero, in his oration “Pro Roscio -Amerino,” s. 46, and in his Fourth oration “In Verrem,” s. 1.—B. Pausanias, -in his “Eliaca,” says that the Spanish copper, or copper of Tartessus, -was the first known.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1242_1242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1242_1242"><span class="label">1242</span></a> Or Cattle Market: in the Eighth Region of the City. See B. xxxv. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_7">7</a>, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_16">16</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1243_1243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1243_1243"><span class="label">1243</span></a> A distinguished statuary and engraver on silver. He lived in Olympiad -87. Further mention is made of him by Cicero, Ovid, Strabo, and -Pausanias. See also Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1244_1244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1244_1244"><span class="label">1244</span></a> There were several artists of this name. The elder Polycletus, a -native either of Sicyon or of Argos, is probably the one here referred to. -For further particulars of him, see Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1245_1245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1245_1245"><span class="label">1245</span></a> The words in the original are, respectively <em>candelabra</em>, <em>superficies</em>, -and <em>scapi</em>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1246_1246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1246_1246"><span class="label">1246</span></a> Probably a proverbial expression at Rome, as it is employed by Juvenal, -in an analogous manner, upon another occasion; Sat. iii. l. 132.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1247_1247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1247_1247"><span class="label">1247</span></a> Plutarch speaks of the Geganii as an ancient noble family at Rome.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1248_1248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1248_1248"><span class="label">1248</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_53">53</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1249_1249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1249_1249"><span class="label">1249</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 585; we have an account of it in Livy, B. xiv. c. 42.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1250_1250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1250_1250"><span class="label">1250</span></a> This building is referred to by Velleius Paterculus, in the beginning -of the Second Book of his History.—B. According to Aurelius Victor, -it was situated in the Ninth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1251_1251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1251_1251"><span class="label">1251</span></a> The Temple of Vesta is described by Ovid, Fasti, B. vi. l. 265, -<em>et seq.</em>—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1252_1252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1252_1252"><span class="label">1252</span></a> C. Camillus probably, the Roman jurist and friend of Cicero.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1253_1253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1253_1253"><span class="label">1253</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1254_1254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1254_1254"><span class="label">1254</span></a> “Triclinia,” “abaci,” and “monopodia;” these appear to have been -couches for dining-tables, tables furnished with cupboards, and tables -standing on a single foot. Livy, B. xxxix. c. 6, informs us, that Cneius -Manlius, in his triumphal procession, introduced into Rome various articles -of Asiatic luxury; “Lectos æratos, vestem stragulam preciosam, monopodia, -et abacos.” We are not to suppose that the whole of these articles -were made of brass, but that certain parts of them were formed of this -metal, or else were ornamented with brass.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1255_1255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1255_1255"><span class="label">1255</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1256_1256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1256_1256"><span class="label">1256</span></a> “Cortinas tripodum.” These articles of furniture consisted of a -table or slab, supported by three feet, which was employed, like our sideboards, -for the display of plate, at the Roman entertainments.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1257_1257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1257_1257"><span class="label">1257</span></a> “Lychnuchi pensiles;” this term is applied by Suetonius, Julius, -s. 37; we may conceive that they were similar to the modern chandeliers.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1258_1258"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1258_1258"><span class="label">1258</span></a> This temple was dedicated by Augustus <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 726. The lamps in it, -resembling trees laden with fruit, are mentioned by Victor in his description -of the Tenth Quarter of the City.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1259_1259"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1259_1259"><span class="label">1259</span></a> See B. v. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1260_1260"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1260_1260"><span class="label">1260</span></a> We have an account of this event in Livy, B. ii. c. 41, in Valerius -Maximus, and in Dionysius of Halicarnassus.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1261_1261"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1261_1261"><span class="label">1261</span></a> “Iconicæ,” “portrait statues,” from εἴκων, of the same meaning. -This term is employed by Suetonius, in speaking of a statue of Caligula, -c. 22.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1262_1262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1262_1262"><span class="label">1262</span></a> Pisistratus. These statues are mentioned in the <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19th</a> Chapter of this -Book, as being the workmanship of Praxiteles.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1263_1263"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1263_1263"><span class="label">1263</span></a> See B. vii. cc. 31, 34: B. viii. c. 74: and B. ix. c. 63.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1264_1264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1264_1264"><span class="label">1264</span></a> Near the Temple of Janus, in the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1265_1265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1265_1265"><span class="label">1265</span></a> The Luperci were the priests of Pan, who, at the celebration of their -games, called Lupercalia, were in the habit of running about the streets of -Rome, with no other covering than a goat’s skin tied about the loins.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1266_1266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1266_1266"><span class="label">1266</span></a> “Pænula.” See B. viii. c. 73.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1267_1267"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1267_1267"><span class="label">1267</span></a> We are informed by Cicero, De Off. B. iii. c. 30, and by Valerius -Maximus, B. ii. c. 7, that Marcinus made a treaty with the Numantines, -which the senate refused to ratify, and that he was, in consequence, surrendered -to the enemy. We may suppose that he regarded the transaction -as redounding more to the discredit of the senate than of himself.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1268_1268"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1268_1268"><span class="label">1268</span></a> See end of B. xviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1269_1269"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1269_1269"><span class="label">1269</span></a> In the First Region of the City, near the Capenian Gate.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1270_1270"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1270_1270"><span class="label">1270</span></a> “Celetes;” this appellation is derived from the Greek word <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κέλης</span>, -“swift,” and was applied to those who rode on horseback, in opposition to -the charioteers—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1271_1271"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1271_1271"><span class="label">1271</span></a> Poinsinet remarks that Pliny has forgotten the gilded chariot, with -six horses, which Cneius Cornelius dedicated in the Capitol, two hundred -years before Augustus; he also refers to an ancient inscription in Gruter, -which mentions chariots of this description.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1272_1272"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1272_1272"><span class="label">1272</span></a> Mænius was consul with Furius Camillus, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 416; we have an -account of his victories over the Latins and other neighbouring nations -in Livy, B. viii. c. 14.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1273_1273"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1273_1273"><span class="label">1273</span></a> We have an account of this transaction in Livy, B. viii. c. 14. This -trophy is also mentioned by Florus, B. i. c. 11. The “Suggestus” was -an elevated place, formed for various purposes, the stage from which the -orators addressed the people, the place from which the general addressed -his soldiers, and the seat occupied by the emperor at the public games.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1274_1274"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1274_1274"><span class="label">1274</span></a> Florus, B. ii. c. 2, gives an account of the arrangements and equipment -of the Carthaginian fleet, the victory of Duillius, and the rostral -monument erected in its commemoration.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1275_1275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1275_1275"><span class="label">1275</span></a> See B. xviii. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1276_1276"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1276_1276"><span class="label">1276</span></a> “Unciariâ stipe;” the <em>uncia</em> was the twelfth part of the “as,” and -the word <em>stips</em> was regarded as equivalent to <em>as</em>, as being the usual pay of -the soldiers.—B. See Introduction to Vol. III.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1277_1277"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1277_1277"><span class="label">1277</span></a> See B. xv. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1278_1278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1278_1278"><span class="label">1278</span></a> This circumstance is mentioned by Cicero in his Defence of Milo, -§ 90-1.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1279_1279"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1279_1279"><span class="label">1279</span></a> We have some account of Hermodorus in Cicero’s Tusc. Quæs. -B. v. c. 36.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1280_1280"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1280_1280"><span class="label">1280</span></a> See B. x. c. 2, B. xviii. c. 3, and B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_7">7</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1281_1281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1281_1281"><span class="label">1281</span></a> Livy, B. ii. c. 10, and Valerius Maximus, B. iii. c. 2, give an account -of this event. A. Gellius incidentally mentions the statue, and its position -in the Comitium, B. iv. c. 5.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1282_1282"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1282_1282"><span class="label">1282</span></a> We are informed by Dion Cassius, that there were eight statues in the -Capitol, seven of which were of the kings, and the eighth of Brutus, who -overthrew the kingly government; at a later period the statue of Cæsar -was placed by the side of that of Brutus.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1283_1283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1283_1283"><span class="label">1283</span></a> Suetonius, speaking of this temple, remarks, that though dedicated to -the brothers Castor and Pollux, it was, only known as the Temple of -Castor.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1284_1284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1284_1284"><span class="label">1284</span></a> We have an account of the victory of Tremulus over the Hernici, -and of the statue erected in honour of him, in Livy, B. ix. c. 43.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1285_1285"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1285_1285"><span class="label">1285</span></a> This event is referred to by Cicero, Philipp. ix., 5.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1286_1286"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1286_1286"><span class="label">1286</span></a> Florus, B. ii. c. 5, gives an account of the murder of P. Junius and -T. Coruncanius.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1287_1287"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1287_1287"><span class="label">1287</span></a> In the Bamberg MS. the reading is “unum se. verbum.” Gronovius -is probably right in his conjecture that the word is “senatus consulti.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1288_1288"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1288_1288"><span class="label">1288</span></a> By one Leptines, at Laodicea.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1289_1289"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1289_1289"><span class="label">1289</span></a> “Oculatissimo.” The place where there was “the most extended -eyeshot.” It is to this singular expression, probably, that Pliny alludes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1290_1290"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1290_1290"><span class="label">1290</span></a> “Quod campum Tiberinum gratificata esset ea populo.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1291_1291"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1291_1291"><span class="label">1291</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 441.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1292_1292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1292_1292"><span class="label">1292</span></a> See B. vii. c. 31.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1293_1293"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1293_1293"><span class="label">1293</span></a> His life has been written by Diogenes Laertius, and he is mentioned -by Cicero, de Fin. B. v. c. 19, and by Strabo.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1294_1294"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1294_1294"><span class="label">1294</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_46">46</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1295_1295"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1295_1295"><span class="label">1295</span></a> We have an account of the exploit of Clælia in Livy, B. ii. c. 13, and -in Valerius Maximus, B. iii. c. 2: there is a reference to this statue in -Seneca, de Consol. c. 16.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1296_1296"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1296_1296"><span class="label">1296</span></a> To King Porsena.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1297_1297"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1297_1297"><span class="label">1297</span></a> See end of B. xvi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1298_1298"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1298_1298"><span class="label">1298</span></a> Plutarch says that it was uncertain whether the statue was erected to -Clælia or to Valeria.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1299_1299"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1299_1299"><span class="label">1299</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 596.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1300_1300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1300_1300"><span class="label">1300</span></a> See Chapter 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1301_1301"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1301_1301"><span class="label">1301</span></a> “In Octaviæ operibus.” These were certain public buildings, erected -in Rome by Augustus, and named by him after his sister Octavia; they are -mentioned by Suetonius.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1302_1302"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1302_1302"><span class="label">1302</span></a> Valerius Maximus refers to this event, but he names the individual -Statius Servilius, B. i. c. 8, § 6.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1303_1303"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1303_1303"><span class="label">1303</span></a> See B. xxxiii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_50">50</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_54">54</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1304_1304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1304_1304"><span class="label">1304</span></a> We have an account of the attack by Hannibal on Rome in the -twenty-sixth Book of Livy, but we have no mention of the particular circumstance -here referred to.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1305_1305"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1305_1305"><span class="label">1305</span></a> “Forum Boarium.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_5">5</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1306_1306"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1306_1306"><span class="label">1306</span></a> Livy, B. i. c. 19, informs us, that Numa made Janus of a form to -denote both peace and war.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1307_1307"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1307_1307"><span class="label">1307</span></a> The mode in which the fingers were placed, so as to serve the purpose -here indicated, is supposed to have been by their forming the letters which -were the Roman numerals for the figures in question. We are informed -that some MSS. of Pliny give the number three hundred and fifty-five only, -and there is reason to believe that, in the time of Numa, this was considered -to be the actual number of days in the year. Some of the commentators, -however, are disposed to read three hundred and sixty-five; and this opinion -derives some support from Macrobius, who refers to this statue as indicating -this latter number with its fingers.—B. The Bamberg MS. gives three -hundred and sixty-five.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1308_1308"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1308_1308"><span class="label">1308</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1309_1309"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1309_1309"><span class="label">1309</span></a> “Misoromæus”—“Roman-hater.” See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1310_1310"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1310_1310"><span class="label">1310</span></a> Pliny himself informs us, in B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>, that the statue of Jupiter -in the Capitol, erected by Tarquinius Priscus, was formed of earth.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1311_1311"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1311_1311"><span class="label">1311</span></a> The art of moulding or modelling in argillaceous earth; see B. xxxv. -cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_43">43</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1312_1312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1312_1312"><span class="label">1312</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_2">2</a>, where he informs us that this theatre was hardly -one month in use.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1313_1313"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1313_1313"><span class="label">1313</span></a> Hardouin gives several quotations illustrative of his liberality in -bestowing ornaments in the City, and his inattention to his domestic -concerns.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1314_1314"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1314_1314"><span class="label">1314</span></a> The brothers Lucius and Marcus, the former of whom triumphed in -the Mithridatic, the latter in the Macedonian War.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1315_1315"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1315_1315"><span class="label">1315</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1316_1316"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1316_1316"><span class="label">1316</span></a> See B. vii. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1317_1317"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1317_1317"><span class="label">1317</span></a> The absolute number of statues assigned to Lysippus differs considerably -in the different editions, as is the case in almost every instance where -figures are concerned. Pliny gives a further account of his works in the -next two Chapters and in the following Book.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1318_1318"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1318_1318"><span class="label">1318</span></a> “Aureum.” See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_13">13</a>, and B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_3">3</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1319_1319"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1319_1319"><span class="label">1319</span></a> In their attack upon Flavius Sabinus, the brother of Vespasian; -<span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 822.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1320_1320"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1320_1320"><span class="label">1320</span></a> See B. iv. c. 27.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1321_1321"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1321_1321"><span class="label">1321</span></a> It was a statue of Jupiter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1322_1322"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1322_1322"><span class="label">1322</span></a> Better known by the name of Q. Fabius Maximus; he acquired the -soubriquet of Verrucosus from a large wart on the upper lip.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1323_1323"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1323_1323"><span class="label">1323</span></a> The Colossus of Rhodes was begun by Chares, but he committed -suicide, in consequence of having made some mistake in the estimate; the -work was completed by Laches, also an inhabitant of Lindos.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1324_1324"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1324_1324"><span class="label">1324</span></a> It remained on the spot where it was thrown down for nearly nine -hundred years, until the year 653 <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span>, when Moavia, khalif of the -Saracens, after the capture of Rhodes, sold the materials; it is said that -it required nine hundred camels to remove the remains.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1325_1325"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1325_1325"><span class="label">1325</span></a> Demetrius Poliorcetes. See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1326_1326"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1326_1326"><span class="label">1326</span></a> He is mentioned by Columella, in his Introduction to his work De -Re Rusticâ, in connexion with the most celebrated Grecian artists.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1327_1327"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1327_1327"><span class="label">1327</span></a> Suetonius, in describing the temple which Augustus dedicated to -Apollo, on the Palatine Hill, speaks of the Portico with the Latin and -Greek library.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1328_1328"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1328_1328"><span class="label">1328</span></a> This victory took place <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 461; we have an account of it in Livy, -the concluding Chapter of the Tenth Book.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1329_1329"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1329_1329"><span class="label">1329</span></a> This was a statue of Jupiter, placed on the Alban Mount, twelve miles -from Rome. At this place the various states of Latium exercised their -religious rites in conjunction with the Romans; it was sometimes called -Latialis.—B. See B. iii. c. 9, and Notes; Vol. I. p. 205.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1330_1330"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1330_1330"><span class="label">1330</span></a> The designer of the Colossus at Rhodes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1331_1331"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1331_1331"><span class="label">1331</span></a> Decius is said by Hardouin to have been a statuary, but nothing is -known respecting him or his works.—B. He probably lived about the -time of the Consul P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 697.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1332_1332"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1332_1332"><span class="label">1332</span></a> His country is unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1333_1333"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1333_1333"><span class="label">1333</span></a> See B. iv. c. 33.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1334_1334"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1334_1334"><span class="label">1334</span></a> St. Jerome informs us, that Vespasian removed the head of Nero, and -substituted that of the Sun with seven rays. Martial refers to it in the -Second Epigram <cite>De Spectaculis</cite>, and also B. i. Ep. 71.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1335_1335"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1335_1335"><span class="label">1335</span></a> “Parvis admodum surculis.” There is, it appears, some difficulty in -determining the application of the word <em>surculis</em> to the subject in question, -and we have no explanation of it by any of the commentators. Can it -refer to the frame of wicker work which contained the model into which -the melted metal was poured?—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1336_1336"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1336_1336"><span class="label">1336</span></a> This observation has been supposed to imply, that Zenodotus cast his -statues in a number of separate pieces, which were afterwards connected -together, and not, as was the case with the great Grecian artists, in one -entire piece.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1337_1337"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1337_1337"><span class="label">1337</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1338_1338"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1338_1338"><span class="label">1338</span></a> The term <em>signum</em>, which is applied to the Corinthian figures, may -mean a medallion, or perhaps a seal-ring or brooch; we only know that -it must have been something small, which might be carried about the person, -or, at least, easily moved from place to place.—B. <em>Statuette</em>, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1339_1339"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1339_1339"><span class="label">1339</span></a> Her riddle, and its solution by Œdipus, are too well known to need -repetition here.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1340_1340"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1340_1340"><span class="label">1340</span></a> In the following <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1341_1341"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1341_1341"><span class="label">1341</span></a> Consul <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 787.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1342_1342"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1342_1342"><span class="label">1342</span></a> The “Avenger.” In the Forum of Augustus, in the Eighth Region -of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1343_1343"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1343_1343"><span class="label">1343</span></a> “Regia.” The palace of Minerva, also in the Forum of Augustus.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1344_1344"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1344_1344"><span class="label">1344</span></a> See B. vii. c. 39, B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_34">34</a>, and B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1345_1345"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1345_1345"><span class="label">1345</span></a> We have an account of this statue, and of the temple in which it was -placed, by Pausanias, B. v. There is no work of Phidias now in existence; -the sculptures in the Parthenon were, however, executed by his pupils and -under his immediate directions, so that we may form some judgment of -his genius and taste.—B. There is a foot in the British Museum, said to -be the work of Phidias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1346_1346"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1346_1346"><span class="label">1346</span></a> An Athenian; see B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_5">5</a>. He is spoken of in high terms by -Pausanias and Valerius Maximus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1347_1347"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1347_1347"><span class="label">1347</span></a> Tutor of Ptolichus of Corcyra, and highly distinguished for his statues -of the slayers of the tyrants at Athens. He is mentioned also by Lucian -and Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1348_1348"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1348_1348"><span class="label">1348</span></a> The reading is uncertain here, the old editions giving “Nestocles.” -We shall <em>only</em> devote a Note to such artists as are mentioned by other -authors besides Pliny.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1349_1349"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1349_1349"><span class="label">1349</span></a> An Athenian; mentioned also by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1350_1350"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1350_1350"><span class="label">1350</span></a> There were probably two artists of this name; one an Argive, tutor -of Phidias, and the other a Sicyonian, the person here referred to.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1351_1351"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1351_1351"><span class="label">1351</span></a> A native of Ægina, mentioned by Pausanias. There is also a statuary -of Elis of the same name, mentioned by Pausanias, and to whom -Thiersch is of opinion reference is here made.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1352_1352"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1352_1352"><span class="label">1352</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_5">5</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1353_1353"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1353_1353"><span class="label">1353</span></a> An Argive, mentioned by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1354_1354"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1354_1354"><span class="label">1354</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_5">5</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1355_1355"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1355_1355"><span class="label">1355</span></a> Again mentioned by Pliny, as a native of Rhegium in Italy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1356_1356"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1356_1356"><span class="label">1356</span></a> A native of Paros, mentioned also by Pausanias and Strabo.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1357_1357"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1357_1357"><span class="label">1357</span></a> Probably “Perillus,” the artist who made the brazen bull for Phalaris, -the tyrant of Agrigentum. The old reading is “Parelius.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1358_1358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1358_1358"><span class="label">1358</span></a> This and the following word probably mean one person—“Asopodorus -the Argive.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1359_1359"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1359_1359"><span class="label">1359</span></a> Perhaps the same person that is mentioned by Pausanias, B. vi. c. 20, -as having improved the form of the starting-place at the Olympic Games.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1360_1360"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1360_1360"><span class="label">1360</span></a> Mentioned by Pausanias as an Arcadian, and son of Clitor.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1361_1361"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1361_1361"><span class="label">1361</span></a> A native of Clitorium in Arcadia, and mentioned also by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1362_1362"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1362_1362"><span class="label">1362</span></a> He is said by Pausanias and Athenæus to have been the son, also, of -Myron.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1363_1363"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1363_1363"><span class="label">1363</span></a> Son of Motho, and a native of Argos. He was brother and instructor -of the younger Polycletus, of Argos. He is mentioned also by Pausanias -and Tatian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1364_1364"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1364_1364"><span class="label">1364</span></a> He is once mentioned by Pausanias, and there is still extant the basis -of one of his works, with his name inscribed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1365_1365"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1365_1365"><span class="label">1365</span></a> It is supposed that there were two artists of this name, both natives -of Sicyon, the one grandson of the other. They are both named by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1366_1366"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1366_1366"><span class="label">1366</span></a> Probably a Sicyonian; he is mentioned also by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1367_1367"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1367_1367"><span class="label">1367</span></a> As Pliny mentions two artists of this name, it is impossible to say to -which of them Pausanias refers as being an Athenian, in B. vi. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1368_1368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1368_1368"><span class="label">1368</span></a> The elder artist of this name. He was an Athenian, and his sister -was the wife of Phocion. He is also mentioned by Plutarch and Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1369_1369"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1369_1369"><span class="label">1369</span></a> An Athenian; he is mentioned also by Vitruvius, Pausanias, and -Tatian. Winckelmann mentions an inscription relative to him, which, however, -appears to be spurious.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1370_1370"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1370_1370"><span class="label">1370</span></a> He is mentioned also by Pausanias, and is supposed by Sillig to have -been a Theban.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1371_1371"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1371_1371"><span class="label">1371</span></a> Praxiteles held a high rank among the ancient sculptors, and may be -considered as second to Phidias alone; he is frequently mentioned by Pausanias -and various other classical writers. Pliny gives a further account of -the works of Praxiteles in the two following Books.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1372_1372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1372_1372"><span class="label">1372</span></a> He was also an eminent painter, and is also mentioned by Quintilian, -Dio Chrysostom, and Plutarch.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1373_1373"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1373_1373"><span class="label">1373</span></a> Another reading is “Echion.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1374_1374"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1374_1374"><span class="label">1374</span></a> See B. xxxv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_32">32</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1375_1375"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1375_1375"><span class="label">1375</span></a> This great artist, a native of Sicyon, has been already mentioned in -B. vii. c. 39, and in the two preceding Chapters of the present Book; he is -again mentioned in B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_38">39</a>.—B. See note <a href="#Footnote_1344_1344">1344</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1376_1376"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1376_1376"><span class="label">1376</span></a> Also a native of Sicyon. He is mentioned by Tatian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1377_1377"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1377_1377"><span class="label">1377</span></a> Mentioned also by Pausanias, Plutarch, Strabo, and Appian. The -next two names in former editions stand as one, “Euphronides.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1378_1378"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1378_1378"><span class="label">1378</span></a> Supposed to have been an architect, and builder of the Pharos near -Alexandria: see B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_18">18</a>. The same person is mentioned also by -Strabo, Lucian, and Suidas.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1379_1379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1379_1379"><span class="label">1379</span></a> An Athenian. He is mentioned also by Pausanias, Plutarch, Diogenes -Laertius, and Tatian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1380_1380"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1380_1380"><span class="label">1380</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1381_1381"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1381_1381"><span class="label">1381</span></a> A Sicyonian, pupil of Lysippus. He is also mentioned by Pausanias; -see also B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1382_1382"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1382_1382"><span class="label">1382</span></a> Son and pupil of Lysippus. He is mentioned also by Tatian, and by -some writers as the instructor of Xenocrates.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1383_1383"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1383_1383"><span class="label">1383</span></a> Sillig thinks that this is a mistake made by Pliny for “Daïppus,” a -statuary mentioned by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1384_1384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1384_1384"><span class="label">1384</span></a> Son of Praxiteles, and mentioned by Tatian in conjunction with Euthycrates. -The elder Cephisodotus has been already mentioned. See Note <a href="#Footnote_1368_1368">1368</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1385_1385"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1385_1385"><span class="label">1385</span></a> Another son of Praxiteles. He is also alluded to by Pausanias, though -not by name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1386_1386"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1386_1386"><span class="label">1386</span></a> His country is uncertain, but he was preceptor of Mygdon of Soli. -See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1387_1387"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1387_1387"><span class="label">1387</span></a> Mentioned also by Tatian; his country is unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1388_1388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1388_1388"><span class="label">1388</span></a> It is doubtful whether Pausanias alludes, in B. vi. c. 4, to this artist, -or to the one of the same name mentioned under Olymp. 102. See Note <a href="#Footnote_1367_1367">1367</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1389_1389"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1389_1389"><span class="label">1389</span></a> Sillig suggests that this word is an adjective, denoting the country of -Polycles, in order to distinguish him from the elder Polycles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1390_1390"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1390_1390"><span class="label">1390</span></a> We learn from Pausanias that he worked in conjunction with Timarchides. -The other artists here mentioned are quite unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1391_1391"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1391_1391"><span class="label">1391</span></a> Sillig, in his “Dictionary of Ancient Artists,” observes that “this -passage contains many foolish statements.” Also that there is “an obvious -intermixture in it of truth and falsehood.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1392_1392"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1392_1392"><span class="label">1392</span></a> This is universally admitted to have been one of the most splendid -works of art. It is celebrated by various writers; Pausanias speaks of it in -B. i. See also B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1393_1393"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1393_1393"><span class="label">1393</span></a> As being made for the Temple of Diana at Ephesus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1394_1394"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1394_1394"><span class="label">1394</span></a> Probably “Callimorphos,” or “Calliste.” We learn from Pausanias -that it was placed in the Citadel of Athens. Lucian prefers it to every -other work of Phidias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1395_1395"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1395_1395"><span class="label">1395</span></a> A figure of a female “holding keys.” The key was one of the -attributes of Proserpina, as also of Janus; but the latter was an Italian -divinity.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1396_1396"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1396_1396"><span class="label">1396</span></a> “Ædem Fortunæ hujusce diei.” This reading, about which there has -been some doubt, is supported by an ancient inscription in Orellius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1397_1397"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1397_1397"><span class="label">1397</span></a> “Artem toreuticen.” See Note at the <a href="#Footnote_1213_1213">end</a> of B. xxxiii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1398_1398"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1398_1398"><span class="label">1398</span></a> Pliny has here confounded two artists of the same name; the -Polycletus who was the successor of Phidias, and was not much inferior to -him in merit, and Polycletus of Argos, who lived 160 years later, and who -also executed many capital works, some of which are here mentioned. It -appears that Cicero, Vitruvius, Strabo, Quintilian, Plutarch, and Lucian -have also confounded these two artists; but Pausanias, who is very correct -in the account which he gives us of all subjects connected with works of -art, was aware of the distinction; and it is from his observations that we -have been enabled to correct the error into which so many eminent writers -had fallen.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1399_1399"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1399_1399"><span class="label">1399</span></a> Derived from the head-dress of the statue, which had the “head ornamented -with a fillet.” Lucian mentions it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1400_1400"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1400_1400"><span class="label">1400</span></a> The “Spear-bearer.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1401_1401"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1401_1401"><span class="label">1401</span></a> “Canon.” This no doubt was <em>the same</em> statue as the Doryphoros. -See Cicero, Brut. 86, 296.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1402_1402"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1402_1402"><span class="label">1402</span></a> Or “strigil.” Visconti says that this was a statue of Tydeus purifying -himself from the murder of his brother. It is represented on gems -still in existence.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1403_1403"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1403_1403"><span class="label">1403</span></a> “Talo incessentem.” “Gesner (Chrestom. Plin.) has strangely explained -these words as intimating a person <em>in the act of kicking another</em>. -He seems to confound the words <em>talus</em> and <em>calx</em>.”—Sillig, Dict. Ancient -Artists.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1404_1404"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1404_1404"><span class="label">1404</span></a> “The players at dice.” This is the subject of a painting found at -Herculaneum.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1405_1405"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1405_1405"><span class="label">1405</span></a> The “Leader.” A name given also to Mercury, in Pausanias, B. -viii. c. 31. See Sillig, Dict. Ancient Artists.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1406_1406"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1406_1406"><span class="label">1406</span></a> “Carried about.” It has been supposed by some commentators, -that Artemon acquired this surname from his being carried about in a -litter, in consequence of his lameness; a very different derivation has been -assigned by others to the word, on the authority of Anacreon, as quoted -by Heraclides Ponticus, that it was applied to Artemon in consequence of -his excessively luxurious and effeminate habits of life.—B. It was evidently -a recumbent figure. Ajasson compares this voluptuous person to -“<em>le gentleman Anglais aux Indes</em>”—“The English Gentleman in India!”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1407_1407"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1407_1407"><span class="label">1407</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1397_1397">1397</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1408_1408"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1408_1408"><span class="label">1408</span></a> “Quadrata.” Brotero quotes a passage from Celsus, B. ii c. 1, -which serves to explain the use of this term as applied to the form of a -statue; “Corpus autem habilissimum quadratum est, neque gracile, neque -obesum.”—B. “The body best adapted for activity is square-built, and -neither slender nor obese.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1409_1409"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1409_1409"><span class="label">1409</span></a> “Ad unum exemplum.” Having a sort of family likeness, similarly -to our pictures by Francia the Goldsmith, and Angelica Kaufmann.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1410_1410"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1410_1410"><span class="label">1410</span></a> Myron was born at Eleutheræ, in Bœotia; but having been presented -by the Athenians with the freedom of their city, he afterwards resided -there, and was always designated an Athenian.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1411_1411"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1411_1411"><span class="label">1411</span></a> This figure is referred to by Ovid, De Ponto, B. iv. Ep. 1, l. 34, as -also by a host of Epigrammatic writers in the Greek Anthology.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1412_1412"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1412_1412"><span class="label">1412</span></a> See the Greek Anthology, B. vi. Ep. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1413_1413"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1413_1413"><span class="label">1413</span></a> “Player with the Discus.” It is mentioned by Quintilian and Lucian. -There is a copy of it in marble in the British Museum, and one in the -Palazzo Massimi at Home. The Heifer of Myron is mentioned by Procopius, -as being at Rome in the sixth century. No copy of it is known to -exist.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1414_1414"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1414_1414"><span class="label">1414</span></a> Seen by Pausanias in the Acropolis at Athens.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1415_1415"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1415_1415"><span class="label">1415</span></a> Or “Sawyers.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1416_1416"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1416_1416"><span class="label">1416</span></a> In reference to the story of the Satyr Marsyas and Minerva, told by -Ovid, Fasti, B. vi. l. 697, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1417_1417"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1417_1417"><span class="label">1417</span></a> Persons engaged in the five contests of quoiting, running, leaping, -wrestling, and hurling the javelin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1418_1418"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1418_1418"><span class="label">1418</span></a> Competitors in boxing and wrestling.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1419_1419"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1419_1419"><span class="label">1419</span></a> Mentioned by Cicero In Verrem, Or. 4. This Circus was in the -Eleventh Region of the city.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1420_1420"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1420_1420"><span class="label">1420</span></a> See the Anthology, B. iii. Ep. 14, where an epigram on this subject -is ascribed to Anytes or Leonides; but the Myro mentioned is a female. -See Sillig, Dict. Ancient Artists.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1421_1421"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1421_1421"><span class="label">1421</span></a> She was a poetess of Teios or Lesbos, and a contemporary of Sappho.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1422_1422"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1422_1422"><span class="label">1422</span></a> “Multiplicasse veritatem.” Sillig has commented at some length on -this passage, Dict. Ancient Artists.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1423_1423"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1423_1423"><span class="label">1423</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1418_1418">1418</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1424_1424"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1424_1424"><span class="label">1424</span></a> There is a painter of this name mentioned in B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_43">43</a>. The -reading is extremely doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1425_1425"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1425_1425"><span class="label">1425</span></a> Mentioned by Plato, De Legibus, B. viii. and by Pausanias, B. vi. -c. 13. He was thrice victorious at the Olympic Games.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1426_1426"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1426_1426"><span class="label">1426</span></a> Python.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1427_1427"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1427_1427"><span class="label">1427</span></a> From the Greek word <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Δικαιὸς</span>, “just,” or “trustworthy.”—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1428_1428"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1428_1428"><span class="label">1428</span></a> Diogenes Laertius mentions a Pythagoras, a statuary, in his life of -his celebrated namesake, the founder of the great school of philosophy.—B. -Pausanias, B. ix. c. 33, speaks of a Parian statuary of this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1429_1429"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1429_1429"><span class="label">1429</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1395_1395">1395</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1430_1430"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1430_1430"><span class="label">1430</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1431_1431"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1431_1431"><span class="label">1431</span></a> Cicero remarks, Brut. 86, 296, “that Lysippus used to say that the -Doryphoros of Polycletus was his master,” implying that he considered -himself indebted for his skill to having studied the above-mentioned work -of Polycletus.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1432_1432"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1432_1432"><span class="label">1432</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_17">17</a> of this Book.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1433_1433"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1433_1433"><span class="label">1433</span></a> The same subject, which, as mentioned above, had been treated by -Polycletus.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1434_1434"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1434_1434"><span class="label">1434</span></a> In the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1435_1435"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1435_1435"><span class="label">1435</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Ἀποξυόμενος</span>, the Greek name of the statue, signifying one “scraping -himself.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1436_1436"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1436_1436"><span class="label">1436</span></a> The head encircled with rays.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1437_1437"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1437_1437"><span class="label">1437</span></a> The lines of Horace are well known, in which he says, that Alexander -would allow his portrait to be painted by no one except Apelles, nor -his statue to be made by any one except Lysippus, Epist. B. ii. Ep. 1, -l. 237.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1438_1438"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1438_1438"><span class="label">1438</span></a> This expression would seem to indicate that the gold was attached to -the bronze by some mechanical process, and not that the statue was covered -with thin leaves of the metal.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1439_1439"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1439_1439"><span class="label">1439</span></a> This story is adopted by Apuleius, in the “Florida,” B. i., who says -that Polycletus was the only artist who made a statue of Alexander.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1440_1440"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1440_1440"><span class="label">1440</span></a> A large group of equestrian statues, representing those of Alexander’s -body-guard, who had fallen at the battle of the Granicus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1441_1441"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1441_1441"><span class="label">1441</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 606.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1442_1442"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1442_1442"><span class="label">1442</span></a> See the Greek Anthology, B. iv. Ep. 14, where this subject is treated -of in the epigram upon his statue of Opportunity, represented with the -forelock.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1443_1443"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1443_1443"><span class="label">1443</span></a> Which is a word of Greek origin, somewhat similar to our word -“proportion.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1444_1444"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1444_1444"><span class="label">1444</span></a> At Lebadæa in Bœotia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1445_1445"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1445_1445"><span class="label">1445</span></a> Hardouin seems to think that “fiscina” here means a “muzzle.” The -Epigram in the Greek Anthology, B. iv. c. 7, attributed to King Philip, is -supposed by Hardouin to bear reference to this figure.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1446_1446"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1446_1446"><span class="label">1446</span></a> The circumstance here referred to is related by Q. Curtius, B. ix. c. 5, -as having occurred at the siege of the city of the Oxydracæ; according to -other historians, however, it is said to have taken place at a city of the -Malli.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1447_1447"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1447_1447"><span class="label">1447</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1417_1417">1417</a>, above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1448_1448"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1448_1448"><span class="label">1448</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Κατάγουσα</span>; a figure of Ceres, probably, “leading back” Proserpine -from the domains of Pluto. Sillig, however, dissents from this interpretation; -Dict. Ancient Artists.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1449_1449"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1449_1449"><span class="label">1449</span></a> Or Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1450_1450"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1450_1450"><span class="label">1450</span></a> See Pausanias, B. i. c. 20. Sillig says, “Pliny seems to have confounded -two Satyrs made by Praxiteles, for that here named stood alone -in the ‘Via Tripodum’ at Athens, and was quite different from the one -which was associated with the figure of Intoxication, and that of Bacchus.”—Dict. -Ancient Artists.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1451_1451"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1451_1451"><span class="label">1451</span></a> “Much-famed.” Visconti is of opinion that the Reposing Satyr, formerly -in the Napoleon Museum at Paris, was a copy of this statue. Winckelmann -is also of the same opinion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1452_1452"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1452_1452"><span class="label">1452</span></a> In the Second Region of the city. According to Cicero, in Verrem. vi., -they were brought from Achaia by L. Mummius, who took them from -Thespiæ, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 608.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1453_1453"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1453_1453"><span class="label">1453</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1454_1454"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1454_1454"><span class="label">1454</span></a> A woman plaiting garlands.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1455_1455"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1455_1455"><span class="label">1455</span></a> A soubriquet for an old hag, it is thought.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1456_1456"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1456_1456"><span class="label">1456</span></a> A female carrying wine.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1457_1457"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1457_1457"><span class="label">1457</span></a> According to Valerius Maximus, B. ii. s. 10, these statues were restored, -not by Alexander, but by his successor Seleucus.—B. Sillig makes -the following remark upon this passage—“Pliny here strangely confounds -the statues of Harmodius and Aristogiton, made by Praxiteles, with other -figures of those heroes of a much more ancient date, made by Antenor.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1458_1458"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1458_1458"><span class="label">1458</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">σαυρὸς</span> a “lizard,” and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κτείνω</span>, “to kill.” This statue is described -by Martial, B. xiv. Ep. 172, entitled “Sauroctonos Corinthius.”—B. -Many fine copies of it are still in existence, and Winckelmann is of opinion -that the bronze at the Villa Albani is the original. There are others at -the Villa Borghese and in the Vatican.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1459_1459"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1459_1459"><span class="label">1459</span></a> In her worthless favours, probably. Praxiteles was a great admirer -of Phryne, and inscribed on the base of this statue an Epigram of Simonides, -preserved in the Greek Anthology, B. iv. Ep. 12. She was also said -to have been the model of his Cnidian Venus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1460_1460"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1460_1460"><span class="label">1460</span></a> This artist is mentioned also by Cicero, Pausanias, Propertius, and -Ovid, the two latter especially remarking the excellence of his horses.—B. -See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1461_1461"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1461_1461"><span class="label">1461</span></a> The mother of Hercules.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1462_1462"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1462_1462"><span class="label">1462</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>. Having now given an account of the artists -most distinguished for their genius, Pliny proceeds to make some remarks -upon those who were less famous, in alphabetical order.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1463_1463"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1463_1463"><span class="label">1463</span></a> The “highly approved.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1464_1464"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1464_1464"><span class="label">1464</span></a> Or “Lioness.” See B. vii. c. 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1465_1465"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1465_1465"><span class="label">1465</span></a> The reading is doubtful here. “Iphicrates” and “Tisicrates” are -other readings.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1466_1466"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1466_1466"><span class="label">1466</span></a> The same story is related by Athenæus, B. xiii., and by Pausanias.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1467_1467"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1467_1467"><span class="label">1467</span></a> Pisistratus and his sons, Hippias and Hipparchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1468_1468"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1468_1468"><span class="label">1468</span></a> A lioness.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1469_1469"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1469_1469"><span class="label">1469</span></a> She having bitten off her tongue, that she might not confess.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1470_1470"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1470_1470"><span class="label">1470</span></a> Hardouin has offered a plausible conjecture, that for the word “Seleucum,” -we should read “Salutem,” as implying that the two statues executed -by Bryaxis were those of Æsculapius and the Goddess of Health.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1471_1471"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1471_1471"><span class="label">1471</span></a> Already mentioned as a son of Lysippus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1472_1472"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1472_1472"><span class="label">1472</span></a> In the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1473_1473"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1473_1473"><span class="label">1473</span></a> This reading appears preferable to “Cresilas,” though the latter is -supported by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1474_1474"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1474_1474"><span class="label">1474</span></a> Ajasson quotes here the beautiful words of Virgil—“Et dulces moriens -reminiscitur Argos”—“Remembers his lov’d Argos, as he dies.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1475_1475"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1475_1475"><span class="label">1475</span></a> Dalechamps supposes that Pericles was here represented in the act -of addressing the people; Hardouin conceives that this statue received -its title from the thunder of his eloquence in debate, or else from the -mighty power which he wielded both in peace and war, or some of the -other reasons which Plutarch mentions in the Life of Pericles.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1476_1476"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1476_1476"><span class="label">1476</span></a> It is doubtful to which of the artists of this name he alludes, the -elder or the younger Cephisodotus, the son of Praxiteles. Sillig inclines -to think the former—Dict. Ancient Artists.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1477_1477"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1477_1477"><span class="label">1477</span></a> The “Deliverer.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1478_1478"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1478_1478"><span class="label">1478</span></a> The elder Canachus, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1479_1479"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1479_1479"><span class="label">1479</span></a> The “Lovely.” Brotero says that this is believed to be the Florentine -Apollo of the present day. It stood in the Temple at Didymi, -near Miletus, until the return of Xerxes from his expedition against Greece, -when it was removed to Ecbatana, but was afterwards restored by Seleucus -Nicator.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1480_1480"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1480_1480"><span class="label">1480</span></a> See B. v. c. 31.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1481_1481"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1481_1481"><span class="label">1481</span></a> “Alterno morsu calce digitisque retinentibus solum, ita vertebrato -dente utrisque in partibus ut a repulsu per vices resiliat.” He seems to -mean that the statue is so made as to be capable of standing either on the -right fore foot and the left hind foot, or on the left fore foot and the right -hind foot, the conformation of the under part of the foot being such as to -fit into the base.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1482_1482"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1482_1482"><span class="label">1482</span></a> The following are the words of the original: “Ita vertebrato dente -utrisque in partibus.” I confess myself unable to comprehend them, nor do -I think that they are satisfactorily explained by Hardouin’s comment.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1483_1483"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1483_1483"><span class="label">1483</span></a> The “Riders on horseback.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1484_1484"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1484_1484"><span class="label">1484</span></a> It is supposed by Sillig, Dict. Ancient Artists, that this is the same -person as the Cresilas, Ctesilas, or Ctesilaüs, before mentioned in this Chapter, -and that Pliny himself has committed a mistake in the name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1485_1485"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1485_1485"><span class="label">1485</span></a> A figure of a man “brandishing a spear.” See Note <a href="#Footnote_1400_1400">1400</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1486_1486"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1486_1486"><span class="label">1486</span></a> He is mentioned by Quintilian as being more attentive to exactness -than to beauty; also by Diogenes Laertius, B. v. c. 85. Sillig supposes -that he flourished in the time of Pericles. Pausanias, B. i., speaks of his -Lysimache.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1487_1487"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1487_1487"><span class="label">1487</span></a> The Athenians in their flattery, as we learn from Seneca, expressed a -wish to affiance their Minerva Musica to Marc Antony. His reply was, -that he would be happy to take her, but with one thousand talents by way -of portion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1488_1488"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1488_1488"><span class="label">1488</span></a> He is mentioned by Xenophon, according to whom, he dedicated the -brazen statue of a horse in the Eleusinium at Athens. He was probably -an Athenian by birth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1489_1489"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1489_1489"><span class="label">1489</span></a> Son of Patroclus, who is previously mentioned as having lived in the -95th Olympiad. He was a native of Sicyon, and flourished about <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 400. -Several works of his are also mentioned by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1490_1490"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1490_1490"><span class="label">1490</span></a> Or “strigil.” See Note <a href="#Footnote_1435_1435">1435</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1491_1491"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1491_1491"><span class="label">1491</span></a> The first Grecian slain at Troy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1492_1492"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1492_1492"><span class="label">1492</span></a> Famous also as a painter. See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a>.—B. Paris, the son -of Priam, was known by both of these names.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1493_1493"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1493_1493"><span class="label">1493</span></a> Q. Lutatius Catulus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1494_1494"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1494_1494"><span class="label">1494</span></a> “Bonus Eventus;” Varro, de Re Rustica, B. i. c. 1, applies this term -to one of the deities that preside over the labours of the agriculturist. -His temple was situate near the Baths of Agrippa.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1495_1495"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1495_1495"><span class="label">1495</span></a> In the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1496_1496"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1496_1496"><span class="label">1496</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1395_1395">1395</a>, page 171.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1497_1497"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1497_1497"><span class="label">1497</span></a> Pausanias, B. vi., speaks of a statue of Ancient Greece, but the name -of the artist is not mentioned.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1498_1498"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1498_1498"><span class="label">1498</span></a> See B. iv. c, 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1499_1499"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1499_1499"><span class="label">1499</span></a> Brotero informs us, from Ficoroni, that there is a gem still in existence -on which this design of Eutychides is engraved.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1500_1500"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1500_1500"><span class="label">1500</span></a> Thiersch considers him to be identical with the elder Hegesias. He -is mentioned also by Pausanias, B. viii. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1501_1501"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1501_1501"><span class="label">1501</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1483_1483">1483</a>, above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1502_1502"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1502_1502"><span class="label">1502</span></a> Dedicated by Augustus on the Capitoline Hill, in the Eighth Region of -the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1503_1503"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1503_1503"><span class="label">1503</span></a> Sillig distinguishes three artists of this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1504_1504"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1504_1504"><span class="label">1504</span></a> See B. v. c. 40, and B. vii. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1505_1505"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1505_1505"><span class="label">1505</span></a> The “Sacrificers of the ox.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1506_1506"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1506_1506"><span class="label">1506</span></a> The son also.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1507_1507"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1507_1507"><span class="label">1507</span></a> Martial expresses the same idea in his Epigram, B. i. Ep. 7; but he -does not refer to this statue.—B. Two copies of this Ganymede are still -in existence at Rome.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1508_1508"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1508_1508"><span class="label">1508</span></a> Pausanias informs us, B. i. and B. ix., that he saw this statue in the -Prytanæum of Athens.—B. Autolycus obtained this victory about the -89th or 90th Olympiad.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1509_1509"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1509_1509"><span class="label">1509</span></a> It was in honour of a victory gained by him in the <em>pentathlon</em> at the -Great Panathenæa, that Callias gave the Symposium described by Xenophon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1510_1510"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1510_1510"><span class="label">1510</span></a> Martial, B. ix. Ep. 51, where he is pointing at the analogy between -his poems and 95the works of the most eminent sculptors, probably refers to -this statue:—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“Nos facimus Bruti puerum, nos Lagona vivum.”—B.</div> -</div></div></div> - -<p>The reading “Lagonem,” or “Langonem,” certainly seems superior to -that of the Bamberg MS.—“Mangonem,” a “huckster.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1511_1511"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1511_1511"><span class="label">1511</span></a> For some further mention of him, see end of B. iv.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1512_1512"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1512_1512"><span class="label">1512</span></a> Delafosse has pointed out the resemblance between this statue and one -of the works of Michael Angelo, representing David kneeling on Goliath, -and pressing back the giant’s neck.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1513_1513"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1513_1513"><span class="label">1513</span></a> A native of Argos, who flourished in the 95th Olympiad. He was the -son of Motho, and brother and instructor of the younger Polycletus of -Argos. Several of his statues are mentioned by Pausanias and Tatian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1514_1514"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1514_1514"><span class="label">1514</span></a> Ajasson thinks that three statues in the Royal Museum at Paris -may possibly be copies of this Discobolus of Naucydes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1515_1515"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1515_1515"><span class="label">1515</span></a> The Goddess of Health, and daughter of Æsculapius. Niceratus was -a native of Athens, and is also mentioned by Tatian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1516_1516"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1516_1516"><span class="label">1516</span></a> A “Female sacrificing.” The reading is very doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1517_1517"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1517_1517"><span class="label">1517</span></a> The “Man cooking entrails.” For some further account of this -statue, see B. xxii. c. 20. This artist is unknown, but Thiersch suggests -that he may have been the father of Cleomenes, whose name appears on -the base of the Venus de Medicis.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1518_1518"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1518_1518"><span class="label">1518</span></a> The master of the Gymnasium.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1519_1519"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1519_1519"><span class="label">1519</span></a> He is twice mentioned by Pausanias: more particularly for the excellence -of his horses and oxen. His country is unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1520_1520"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1520_1520"><span class="label">1520</span></a> “The beautiful-legged.” This statue has been mentioned at the end -of Chapter <a href="#FNanchor_1340_1340">18</a>, as having been greatly admired by Nero.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1521_1521"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1521_1521"><span class="label">1521</span></a> This, it is supposed, is the statue to which Martial alludes in his -Epigram, mentioned in Note <a href="#Footnote_1510_1510">1510</a> above.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1522_1522"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1522_1522"><span class="label">1522</span></a> There were two artists of this name, both natives of Samos. The -present is the elder Theodorus, and is mentioned by Pausanias as having -been the first to fuse iron for statues. He is spoken of by numerous ancient -authors, and by Pliny in B. vii. c. 57, B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>, and B. xxxvi. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_19">19</a>, where he is erroneously mentioned as a Lemnian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1523_1523"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1523_1523"><span class="label">1523</span></a> At Crete: Athenagoras mentions him in conjunction with Dædalus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1524_1524"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1524_1524"><span class="label">1524</span></a> See B. vii. c. 21. Hardouin thinks that this bears reference to the -conquest of the younger Marius by Sylla, mentioned in B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_5">5</a>. -Müller and Meyer treat this story of the brazen statue as a fiction.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1525_1525"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1525_1525"><span class="label">1525</span></a> Probably the same author that is mentioned at the end of B. <a href="#Page_220">xxxiii</a>. -See also B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1526_1526"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1526_1526"><span class="label">1526</span></a> The Galli here spoken of were a tribe of the Celts, who invaded Asia -Minor, and afterwards uniting with the Greeks, settled in a portion of -Bithynia, which hence acquired the name of Gallo-Græcia or Galatia.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1527_1527"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1527_1527"><span class="label">1527</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>. Attalus I., king of Pergamus, conquered the -Galli, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 239. Pyromachus has been mentioned a few lines before, and -Stratonicus, in B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>, also by Athenæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1528_1528"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1528_1528"><span class="label">1528</span></a> A native of Carthage. A work of his is mentioned by Cicero, in -Verrem 4, 14, and in the Culex, l. 66, attributed to Virgil. See also B. -xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1529_1529"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1529_1529"><span class="label">1529</span></a> In the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1530_1530"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1530_1530"><span class="label">1530</span></a> We are informed by Pausanias, B. x., that Nero carried off from -Greece 500 bronze statues of gods and men.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1531_1531"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1531_1531"><span class="label">1531</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">24</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1532_1532"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1532_1532"><span class="label">1532</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1533_1533"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1533_1533"><span class="label">1533</span></a> Mentioned by Pausanias, B. vi. Many of these artists are altogether -unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1534_1534"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1534_1534"><span class="label">1534</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1535_1535"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1535_1535"><span class="label">1535</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1536_1536"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1536_1536"><span class="label">1536</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>, and B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_35">35</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1537_1537"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1537_1537"><span class="label">1537</span></a> Probably the same artist that has been mentioned in the preceding -page.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1538_1538"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1538_1538"><span class="label">1538</span></a> The artist already mentioned as having been represented by Silanion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1539_1539"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1539_1539"><span class="label">1539</span></a> Pausanias, B. iii., speaks of his statue of Cynisca, a female who was -victor at the Olympic games. Indeed, the victors at these games were frequently -represented in a posture resembling that of adoration.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1540_1540"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1540_1540"><span class="label">1540</span></a> A man “scraping himself,” probably. See Note <a href="#Footnote_1435_1435">1435</a>, page 175. The -“Tyrannicides” were Harmodius and Aristogiton.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1541_1541"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1541_1541"><span class="label">1541</span></a> Tatian mentions an artist of this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1542_1542"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1542_1542"><span class="label">1542</span></a> Sillig thinks that this was Seleucus, king of Babylon, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 312.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1543_1543"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1543_1543"><span class="label">1543</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1485_1485">1485</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1544_1544"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1544_1544"><span class="label">1544</span></a> Pausanias, B. viii., gives an account of a statue of Diana, made of -Pentelican marble, by this Cephisodotus, a native of Athens; he is supposed -to have flourished in the 102nd Olympiad. In the commencement -of this Chapter, Pliny has enumerated a Cephisodotus among the artists -of the 120th Olympiad.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1545_1545"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1545_1545"><span class="label">1545</span></a> Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1546_1546"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1546_1546"><span class="label">1546</span></a> The elder artist of this name. See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_34">34</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1547_1547"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1547_1547"><span class="label">1547</span></a> A native of Sicyon; Pausanias, B. v. cc. 17, 21, informs us that Cleon -made a statue of Venus and two statues of Jupiter; he also mentions others -of his works in B. vi.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1548_1548"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1548_1548"><span class="label">1548</span></a> A native of Megara. He made a statue of Diagoras the pugilist, -who was victor at the Olympic games, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 464. He is mentioned also by -Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1549_1549"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1549_1549"><span class="label">1549</span></a> Probably the same with the “Laïppus” mentioned in the early part -of this Chapter. Sillig, Dict. Ancient Artists, considers “Daïppus” to -be the right name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1550_1550"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1550_1550"><span class="label">1550</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1540_1540">1540</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1551_1551"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1551_1551"><span class="label">1551</span></a> A native of Sicyon, and pupil of Pison, according to Pausanias, B. vi. -c. 3. He flourished about the 100th Olympiad.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1552_1552"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1552_1552"><span class="label">1552</span></a> Works of his at Athens are mentioned by Pausanias, B. i. c. 2, who -also states that he was father of Euchir, the Athenian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1553_1553"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1553_1553"><span class="label">1553</span></a> A statuary of Syracuse, son of Niceratus. He made two statues of -Hiero II., king of Syracuse, who died <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 215. He must not be confounded -with the painter and statuary of the same name, mentioned in -B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>, and B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_35">35</a>. He is mentioned also by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1554_1554"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1554_1554"><span class="label">1554</span></a> An Athenian, son of Euctemon. He is mentioned also by Tatian, and -is supposed by Sillig to have flourished about <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 420.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1555_1555"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1555_1555"><span class="label">1555</span></a> Called Dinomache by Plutarch.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1556_1556"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1556_1556"><span class="label">1556</span></a> Already mentioned as a successful pupil of Lysippus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1557_1557"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1557_1557"><span class="label">1557</span></a> He was probably a native of Agrigentum, and flourished about <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> -560. The brazen bull of Perillus, and his unhappy fate, are recorded by -many of the classical writers, among others by Valerius Maximus, B. ix. -cc. 2, 9, and by Ovid, Art. Am. B. i. ll. 653-4.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1558_1558"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1558_1558"><span class="label">1558</span></a> See B. vii. c. 57.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1559_1559"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1559_1559"><span class="label">1559</span></a> Mentioned at the commencement of this Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1560_1560"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1560_1560"><span class="label">1560</span></a> A statuary of Ægina, mentioned also by Pausanias, B. v. c. 27, in -connexion with Dionysius of Argos. He flourished about Olymp. 76.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1561_1561"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1561_1561"><span class="label">1561</span></a> Already mentioned in B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>, and previously in this <a href="#FNanchor_1537_1537">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1562_1562"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1562_1562"><span class="label">1562</span></a> “Scopas uterque.” Sillig, Dict. Ancient Artists, expresses an opinion -that these words are an interpolation; but in his last edition of -Pliny, he thinks with M. Ian, that some words are wanting, expressive of -the branch in which these artists excelled. See also B. xxxvi. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_5">5</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_14">14</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1563_1563"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1563_1563"><span class="label">1563</span></a> He is previously mentioned in this Chapter. See p. <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1564_1564"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1564_1564"><span class="label">1564</span></a> An Athenian artist, son of Eubulides. He is also mentioned by -Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1565_1565"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1565_1565"><span class="label">1565</span></a> A Lacedæmonian artist, also mentioned by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1566_1566"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1566_1566"><span class="label">1566</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1567_1567"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1567_1567"><span class="label">1567</span></a> Mentioned also by Pausanias, B. i. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1568_1568"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1568_1568"><span class="label">1568</span></a> Probably <em>not</em> the Athenian statuary mentioned by Pausanias, B. ix. -c. 7. See Sillig, Dict. Ancient Artists.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1569_1569"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1569_1569"><span class="label">1569</span></a> A native of Phocis, mentioned also by Vitruvius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1570_1570"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1570_1570"><span class="label">1570</span></a> Also a Dithyrambic poet; mentioned by Diodorus Siculus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1571_1571"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1571_1571"><span class="label">1571</span></a> In B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1572_1572"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1572_1572"><span class="label">1572</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1573_1573"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1573_1573"><span class="label">1573</span></a> Mentioned by Tatian as having made the statue of Eutychis. See -Pliny, B. vii. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1574_1574"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1574_1574"><span class="label">1574</span></a> He executed a statue of Hephæstion; and an inscription relative to -him is preserved by Wheler, Spon, and Chishull.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1575_1575"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1575_1575"><span class="label">1575</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1576_1576"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1576_1576"><span class="label">1576</span></a> A native of Sardis; mentioned by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1577_1577"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1577_1577"><span class="label">1577</span></a> An Athenian, mentioned also by Pausanias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1578_1578"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1578_1578"><span class="label">1578</span></a> Strabo mentions some of his productions in the Temple at Ephesus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1579_1579"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1579_1579"><span class="label">1579</span></a> “Fritterer away of his works.” He was also an engraver on gold, -and a painter. He is spoken of in high terms by Vitruvius, Pausanias, -and Dionysius of Halicarnassus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1580_1580"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1580_1580"><span class="label">1580</span></a> We have an account of Cato’s honourable conduct on this occasion in -Plutarch.—B. See also B. xxix. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1581_1581"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1581_1581"><span class="label">1581</span></a> “Inane exemplum.” Hardouin thinks that this is said in reference -to his neglect of the example set by his grandfather, Cato the Censor, who -hated the Greeks. See B. vii. c. 31.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1582_1582"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1582_1582"><span class="label">1582</span></a> In the poisoned garment, which was the eventual cause of his -death.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1583_1583"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1583_1583"><span class="label">1583</span></a> The general who conducted the war against Mithridates.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1584_1584"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1584_1584"><span class="label">1584</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_46">46</a>. “Chaplet” copper.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1585_1585"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1585_1585"><span class="label">1585</span></a> “Bar” copper, or “malleable.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1586_1586"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1586_1586"><span class="label">1586</span></a> It is very improbable that this effect could be produced by the cause -here assigned; but without a more detailed account of the process employed, -we cannot explain the change of colour.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1587_1587"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1587_1587"><span class="label">1587</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Πυρωπὸς</span>, “sparkling like fire.” Similar to, if not identical with, -our tinsel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1588_1588"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1588_1588"><span class="label">1588</span></a> “Cast brass.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1589_1589"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1589_1589"><span class="label">1589</span></a> See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 415. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1590_1590"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1590_1590"><span class="label">1590</span></a> In the former Editions the whole of the next ten lines, from this word -down to “sun” is omitted. It is evident that it has been left out by accident, -in consequence of the recurrence of the word “Campano.” The -hiatus has been supplied from the Bamberg MS., and the reading is supported -by the text of Isidorus, Orig. B. xvi. c. 20, s. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1591_1591"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1591_1591"><span class="label">1591</span></a> “Collectanei.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1592_1592"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1592_1592"><span class="label">1592</span></a> “Formalis.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1593_1593"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1593_1593"><span class="label">1593</span></a> “Plumbi nigri”—“black lead,” literally, but not what <em>we</em> mean by -that name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1594_1594"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1594_1594"><span class="label">1594</span></a> The “Grecian” colour. It does not appear to have been identified, -nor does it appear what it has to do with moulds.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1595_1595"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1595_1595"><span class="label">1595</span></a> “Pot” copper, or brass.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1596_1596"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1596_1596"><span class="label">1596</span></a> Beckmann is of opinion that this “plumbum argentarium” was a -mixture of equal parts of tin and lead. Hist. Inv. Vol. II, p. 220. <cite>Bohn’s -Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1597_1597"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1597_1597"><span class="label">1597</span></a> Most of these preparations are in reality highly dangerous. Oxides, -however, or salts of copper, have been employed internally with success, -acting by alvine evacuation and by vomiting. The <em>Crocus Veneris</em> of the -old chemists was an oxide of copper. It is still used by the peasants of -Silesia, Ajasson says.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1598_1598"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1598_1598"><span class="label">1598</span></a> It is obvious that the “cadmia” here described must be an essentially -different substance from the “cadmia” mentioned in the second -Chapter of this Book, that being a natural production, possibly calamine -or hydrosilicate or carbonate of zinc; while the “cadmia” of this Chapter -is a furnace-calamine, a product of the fusion of the ore of copper, or -zinc.—B. It is evident, too, that copper ores, impregnated with zinc or calamine, -also passed under this name. See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. -pp. 33-35, <cite>Bohn’s Edition</cite>, where this subject is discussed at considerable -length: also the treatise by Delafosse, in Lemaire’s Edition of Pliny.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1599_1599"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1599_1599"><span class="label">1599</span></a> The metal known to us as “cadmium” was discovered by Professor -Stromeyer in 1818: it is either associated in its ores with zinc, or forms a -native sulphuret.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1600_1600"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1600_1600"><span class="label">1600</span></a> “Smoky residue.” None of these substances formed in smelting are -preserved for medicinal purposes at the present day. Tutty is an impure -oxide of zinc.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1601_1601"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1601_1601"><span class="label">1601</span></a> “Cluster residue.” From its resemblance to a bunch of grapes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1602_1602"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1602_1602"><span class="label">1602</span></a> “Caked residue.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1603_1603"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1603_1603"><span class="label">1603</span></a> “Shell-formed residue.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1604_1604"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1604_1604"><span class="label">1604</span></a> See B. xiv. c. 16.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1605_1605"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1605_1605"><span class="label">1605</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1606_1606"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1606_1606"><span class="label">1606</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1607_1607"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1607_1607"><span class="label">1607</span></a> We have the same account of the medicinal effects of Cadmia, and -the other preparations mentioned in this Chapter, given by Dioscorides.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1608_1608"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1608_1608"><span class="label">1608</span></a> For an account of the “alumen” of the ancients, see B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_52">52</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1609_1609"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1609_1609"><span class="label">1609</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_21">21</a>, and B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_13">13</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1610_1610"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1610_1610"><span class="label">1610</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1611_1611"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1611_1611"><span class="label">1611</span></a> “Æris flos.” Ajasson makes some correct remarks upon the difference -between the “scoria” and the “flower” of the metal. The former -may be considered as consisting of the metal, mixed with a certain proportion -of heterogeneous matter, which has been separated during the -fusion of the ore, while the latter consists of the pure metal in a state of -mechanical division.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1612_1612"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1612_1612"><span class="label">1612</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">λεπὶς</span>, “husk,” or “scale.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1613_1613"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1613_1613"><span class="label">1613</span></a> Ajasson describes this substance as consisting merely of the pure metal -in a state of minute mechanical division; it would appear, therefore, to be -scarcely, if at all, different from the articles described in the last Chapter. -The word <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Στόμωμα</span> means a “hard substance,” or “hard scales,” therefore -the application of this term to a substance like down, “lanugo,” is -perhaps not very appropriate.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1614_1614"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1614_1614"><span class="label">1614</span></a> Beckmann comments at some length on this passage; Vol. I. p. 328. -<cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1615_1615"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1615_1615"><span class="label">1615</span></a> “Seplasiæ.” The druggists dwelling in the Seplasia. See B. xxxiii. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_58">58</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1616_1616"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1616_1616"><span class="label">1616</span></a> In Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_23">23</a>, as applied to Cadmia and Cyprian copper, respectively.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1617_1617"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1617_1617"><span class="label">1617</span></a> “Ærugo.” The researches of modern chemists have ascertained the -composition of verdigris to be a diacetete of copper; the sesquibasic -acetate and the triacetate are also to be considered as varieties of this -substance; we have an exact analysis of these salts in the “Elements” of -the late Dr. Turner, the Sixth Edition, edited by Professor Liebig and Mr. -W. Turner, pp. 931, 2. Most of the processes described in this Chapter -are mentioned by Dioscorides.—B. See also Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. -p. 171, <em>et seq.</em>, <cite>Bohn’s Edition</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1618_1618"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1618_1618"><span class="label">1618</span></a> According to Brotero, this is the process generally adopted in France, -in preference to the employment of vinegar in a pure state.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1619_1619"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1619_1619"><span class="label">1619</span></a> The form of copper which was termed “coronarium” has been already -described in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1620_1620"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1620_1620"><span class="label">1620</span></a> “Atramento sutorio.” “Shoemakers’ black.” See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_27">27</a> and -<a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_32">32</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1621_1621"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1621_1621"><span class="label">1621</span></a> Until it assumes an ashy colour, Dioscorides says.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1622_1622"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1622_1622"><span class="label">1622</span></a> See B. xii. cc. 30, 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1623_1623"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1623_1623"><span class="label">1623</span></a> According to Celsus, this substance obtained its name from the person -who invented or compounded it; he calls it “Collyrium of Hierax.”—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1624_1624"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1624_1624"><span class="label">1624</span></a> “Atramenti sutorii, quod chalcanthum vocant.” We may presume that -this substance was somewhat different from the “atramentum sutorium” -mentioned in the last Chapter: the word “chalcanthum” means “flower of -copper;” <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">χαλκοῦ ἄνθος</span>.—B. Delafosse identities it with blue vitriol, -sulphate, or hydro-trisulphate of copper. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_32">32</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1625_1625"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1625_1625"><span class="label">1625</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_31">31</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1626_1626"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1626_1626"><span class="label">1626</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">σκωλὴξ</span>, “a worm,” “Vermicular Verdigris.”—“The -accounts of this substance in ancient authors seem to some commentators -to be obscure; but in my opinion we are to understand by them -that the ingredients were pounded together till the paste they formed assumed -the appearance of pieces or threads like worms. For the same -reason the Italians give the name of <em>vermicelli</em> to wire-drawn paste of -flour used in cookery.”—Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 173, <cite>Bohn’s -Edition</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1627_1627"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1627_1627"><span class="label">1627</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_29">29</a>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1628_1628"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1628_1628"><span class="label">1628</span></a> The name, no doubt, of a copper ore which has not been identified. -Delafosse suggests that it may have been an ore of iron and copper pyrites -in combination with a silky copper malachite. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_2">2</a> of this -Book, and B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_52">52</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1629_1629"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1629_1629"><span class="label">1629</span></a> Brongniart is of opinion that the “sory” of Pliny is the sulphate of -copper, probably with an excess of acid. He informs us that he has received -a specimen of a native sulphate of copper from Cuença, in Spain, -which possesses all the characteristics of “sory” as here described. He -considers it more difficult to ascertain the chemical composition of “misy,” -but is disposed to consider it as a mixed sulphate of iron and copper.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1630_1630"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1630_1630"><span class="label">1630</span></a> In the next two Chapters.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1631_1631"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1631_1631"><span class="label">1631</span></a> We have a similar account of its medicinal virtues given us by Dioscorides; -Celsus also enumerates chalcitis among the corrosives, or cauteries, -“quæ exedunt corpus.” He also recommends it for affections of the -eyes.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1632_1632"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1632_1632"><span class="label">1632</span></a> “Sore ointment.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1633_1633"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1633_1633"><span class="label">1633</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1629_1629">1629</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1634_1634"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1634_1634"><span class="label">1634</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_1629_1629">1629</a> above. Hardouin calls this substance “yellow copperas,” -or “Roman vitriol.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1635_1635"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1635_1635"><span class="label">1635</span></a> “In scrobibus.” The mineral alluded to is Chalcitis, mentioned in -Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_29">29</a>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1636_1636"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1636_1636"><span class="label">1636</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Χαλκοῦ ἄνθος</span>. “Flower of copper.”—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1637_1637"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1637_1637"><span class="label">1637</span></a> “Atramentum sutorium.” It was thus called from its being used -for colouring leather. Under this name he probably includes green -vitriol, or sulphate of the protoxide of iron, and blue vitriol, or sulphate, -and hydro-trisulphate of copper, the former of which is, properly, our -copperas. See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 181, <em>et seq.</em> <cite>Bohn’s -Edition.</cite> See also Note <a href="#Footnote_1624_1624">1624</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1638_1638"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1638_1638"><span class="label">1638</span></a> In reality, the “chalcanthum” of Dioscorides was the small scales -separated from molten copper by the application of water. See Chapters -<a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_24">24</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_25">25</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1639_1639"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1639_1639"><span class="label">1639</span></a> Of this kind, probably. See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 182.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1640_1640"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1640_1640"><span class="label">1640</span></a> From this <em>vitreous</em> appearance of the crystals of vitriol, it is most probable -that vitriol derives its name. See Beckmann, Vol. I. p. 184.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1641_1641"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1641_1641"><span class="label">1641</span></a> “Drop,” or “globule” chalcanthum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1642_1642"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1642_1642"><span class="label">1642</span></a> Possibly a corruption of “leucoion,” “violet white.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1643_1643"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1643_1643"><span class="label">1643</span></a> He has described the mode of procuring salt, by evaporating the -brine in shallow pits, in B. xxxi. c. 39.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1644_1644"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1644_1644"><span class="label">1644</span></a> It is difficult to ascertain the exact nature of the substances treated -of in this Chapter. Ajasson has some judicious remarks upon them, in -which he points out what appear to be inconsistencies in the account given -of them, and of their relation to each other.—B. Ajasson says that there -is no doubt that a mammose or terreous carbonate of copper is meant -under these names. These substances are no longer known, but our tutty, -or impure oxide of zinc, bears some resemblance to them.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1645_1645"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1645_1645"><span class="label">1645</span></a> See B. xix. c. 4, and Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_34">34</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_52">52</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1646_1646"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1646_1646"><span class="label">1646</span></a> A Greek word, signifying “ashes,” or the residuum after combustion.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1647_1647"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1647_1647"><span class="label">1647</span></a> From the corresponding passage in Dioscorides, there is some doubt -whether the account of this process here given is correct.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1648_1648"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1648_1648"><span class="label">1648</span></a> So called from Laurium, a district in Attica, in which there were silver -mines. See Pausanias, B. i.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1649_1649"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1649_1649"><span class="label">1649</span></a> Meaning “Substitute for spodos.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1650_1650"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1650_1650"><span class="label">1650</span></a> See B. xxiii. cc. 38, 63.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1651_1651"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1651_1651"><span class="label">1651</span></a> See B. xxi. c. 26, and B. xvi. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1652_1652"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1652_1652"><span class="label">1652</span></a> See B. xxi. c. 95.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1653_1653"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1653_1653"><span class="label">1653</span></a> See B. xi. c. 94.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1654_1654"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1654_1654"><span class="label">1654</span></a> “Detersive composition.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1655_1655"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1655_1655"><span class="label">1655</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Δὶς φρυγέσθαι</span>.—“being twice calcined.”—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1656_1656"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1656_1656"><span class="label">1656</span></a> The Scoriæ, Cadmia, and Flos, which are described in Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a>, -<a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_23">23</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_24">24</a>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1657_1657"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1657_1657"><span class="label">1657</span></a> A Roman coin, equal to the third part of the “as.”—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1658_1658"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1658_1658"><span class="label">1658</span></a> We most fully coincide with Pliny in this sentiment, but we are -constrained to differ from him in giving credit to the alleged fact, as he -appears to have done.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1659_1659"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1659_1659"><span class="label">1659</span></a> See the list of authors at the end of this <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_56">Book</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1660_1660"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1660_1660"><span class="label">1660</span></a> “Arbusta:” trees on which vines were trained. See B. xvii. c. 35.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1661_1661"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1661_1661"><span class="label">1661</span></a> Holland has the following Note upon this passage: “O Pliny, what -wouldst thou say, if thou didst see and hear the pistols, muskets, culverines, -and cannons in these days.” Vol. II. p. 513.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1662_1662"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1662_1662"><span class="label">1662</span></a> The charge that death is always the work of Nature.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1663_1663"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1663_1663"><span class="label">1663</span></a> Or “stylus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1664_1664"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1664_1664"><span class="label">1664</span></a> See Ovid, Metam. B. iv. l. 467, <em>et seq.</em>; and -Fasti, B. vi. l. 489, <em>et seq.</em>—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1665_1665"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1665_1665"><span class="label">1665</span></a> An artist mentioned also by Ovid -and Pausanias.—B. And by Virgil.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1666_1666"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1666_1666"><span class="label">1666</span></a> “Mars Ultor.” In the Forum of Augustus, in the Eighth Region of -the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1667_1667"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1667_1667"><span class="label">1667</span></a> The Isle of Elba, which has been celebrated for the extent and the -richness of its iron mines both by the ancients and the moderns.—B. -Ajasson remarks that it appears to be a solid rock composed of peroxide -of iron.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1668_1668"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1668_1668"><span class="label">1668</span></a> “Clavis caligariis.” See B. viii. c. 44, B. ix. c. 33, and B. xxii. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1669_1669"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1669_1669"><span class="label">1669</span></a> There have been numerous opinions on the meaning of this word, -and its signification is very doubtful. Beckmann has the following remarks -in reference to this passage:—“In my opinion, this was the name -given to pieces of steel completely manufactured and brought to that state -which rendered them fit for commerce. At present steel comes from -Biscay in cakes, from other places in bars, and both these were formerly -called ‘stricturæ,’ because they were employed chiefly for giving sharpness -to instruments, or tools, that is, for steeling them. In speaking of other -metals, Pliny says that the finished productions at the works were not called -‘stricturæ’ (the case, for example, with copper), though sharpness could -be given to instruments with other metals also. The words of Pliny just -quoted are read different ways, and still remain obscure. I conjecture -that he meant to say, that some steel-works produced things which were -entirely of steel, and that others were employed only in steeling—‘ad -densandas incudes malleorumve rostra.’ I shall here remark that these ‘stricturæ ferri’ remind us of the -‘striges auri,’ (see B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_19">19</a>), -such being the name given to native pieces of gold, which, without being -smelted, were used in commerce.”—Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 327. <cite>Bohn’s -Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1670_1670"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1670_1670"><span class="label">1670</span></a> “A stringendâ acie.” The iron was probably formed into thin, -long bars, in thickness resembling a steel used for sharpening. The -French word <em>acier</em>, meaning “steel,” may possibly come from the Latin -“acies”—“edge,” as Beckmann has suggested.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1671_1671"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1671_1671"><span class="label">1671</span></a> Situate at the spot now known as “Bambola,” near Calatayud. The -river Salo ran near it, the waters of which, as here mentioned, were celebrated -for their power of tempering steel. The poet Martial was a native -of this place.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1672_1672"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1672_1672"><span class="label">1672</span></a> Supposed to be the modern Tarragona.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1673_1673"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1673_1673"><span class="label">1673</span></a> See B. iii. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1674_1674"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1674_1674"><span class="label">1674</span></a> See B. vi. cc. 20-24, B. vii. c. 2, and B. xii. cc. 1, 41. This Seric iron -has not been identified. Ctesias, as quoted by Photius, mentions Indian -iron. Sec Beckmann, Vol. II. p. 228. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1675_1675"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1675_1675"><span class="label">1675</span></a> Thought by Beckmann, quoting from Bottiger, possibly to bear reference -to a transfer trade of furs, through Serica, from the North of Asia. -See Vol. II. p. 307. As to the Seric tissues, see B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_77">77</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1676_1676"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1676_1676"><span class="label">1676</span></a> Or “Persian.” The steel of Damascus had in the middle ages a -high reputation.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1677_1677"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1677_1677"><span class="label">1677</span></a> See B. iii. cc. 24, 27. Horace speaks of the “Norican sword” on -two occasions.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1678_1678"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1678_1678"><span class="label">1678</span></a> See B. iii. cc. 9, 17.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1679_1679"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1679_1679"><span class="label">1679</span></a> See B. xviii. c. 67, and B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_38">38</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1680_1680"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1680_1680"><span class="label">1680</span></a> B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_25">25</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1681_1681"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1681_1681"><span class="label">1681</span></a> Properly “bubbles,” or “beads.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1682_1682"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1682_1682"><span class="label">1682</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_66">66</a>. In the account of the loadstone referred to -above, he informs us that this mineral was employed in the formation of -glass.—B. Beckmann is of opinion that Manganese is here alluded to. -See Vol. II. p. 237.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1683_1683"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1683_1683"><span class="label">1683</span></a> Another reading is “Dinochares,” or “Dinocrates,” for an account of -whom, see B. v. c. 11, and B. vii. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1684_1684"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1684_1684"><span class="label">1684</span></a> Wife and sister of Ptolemy Philadelphus. See B. vi. c. 33, and -B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_14">14</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1685_1685"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1685_1685"><span class="label">1685</span></a> Some accounts state that the statue was to be of brass, and the head -of iron. It is said that the same thing was attempted with respect to the -statue of Mahomet, in his tomb at Medina.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1686_1686"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1686_1686"><span class="label">1686</span></a> We learn from Bowles that the celebrated mine of Sommorostro is -still worked for this metal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1687_1687"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1687_1687"><span class="label">1687</span></a> See B. iv. c. 34.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1688_1688"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1688_1688"><span class="label">1688</span></a> Both the reading and the meaning of this passage are very doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1689_1689"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1689_1689"><span class="label">1689</span></a> See B. v. c. 21.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1690_1690"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1690_1690"><span class="label">1690</span></a> We may presume that Pliny supposed that the ancient links had -been protected by some of the substances mentioned above, although this -is not distinctly stated.—B. Or rather by some religious ceremony as -above alluded to.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1691_1691"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1691_1691"><span class="label">1691</span></a> “Nocturnas lymphationes.”—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1692_1692"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1692_1692"><span class="label">1692</span></a> The <em>actual</em> cautery, as it is termed, is occasionally employed, in certain -diseases, by the moderns, but I am not aware that it has been tried in -hydrophobia.—B. This precaution is sometimes used by country practitioners, -at all events.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1693_1693"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1693_1693"><span class="label">1693</span></a> I cannot agree with Delafosse in his remark that “this remedy also -is much in use for cœliac and other affections at the present day.”—B. It -is still recommended by old women in the country, for children more particularly.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1694_1694"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1694_1694"><span class="label">1694</span></a> There are two versions of this story. In B. xxv. c. 19, Pliny says -that Achilles cured Telephus by the application of a plant, which from -him received its name. According to the other account, the oracle had -declared, that the wound of Telephus, which had been inflicted by -Achilles, could only be cured by means of the same weapon which had -caused it.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1695_1695"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1695_1695"><span class="label">1695</span></a> All the statements in this Chapter are to be found in Dioscorides, -B. v. c. 93.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1696_1696"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1696_1696"><span class="label">1696</span></a> The scaly excrescences beaten from iron in the forges, Hardouin says.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1697_1697"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1697_1697"><span class="label">1697</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ὕγρον πλαστρὸν</span>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1698_1698"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1698_1698"><span class="label">1698</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_57">57</a>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1699_1699"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1699_1699"><span class="label">1699</span></a> It is most probable that the “black lead” of Pliny was our lead, and -the “white lead” our tin. Beckmann has considered these Chapters at -great length, Vol. II. p. 209, <em>et seq.</em> <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1700_1700"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1700_1700"><span class="label">1700</span></a> Supposed to have been derived from the Oriental word <em>Kastîra</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1701_1701"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1701_1701"><span class="label">1701</span></a> What is here adduced as a fabulous narrative is not very remote -from the truth; the Scilly Isles and Cornwall being the principal sources -of the tin now employed in Europe. Small boats, corresponding to the -description here given, were very lately still in use among the inhabitants -of some parts of the south-west coast of England [and on the Severn]. -Pliny has already spoken of these boats in B. vii. c. 57.—B. See also B. iv. -c. 30, as to the <em>coracles</em> of the ancient Britons.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1702_1702"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1702_1702"><span class="label">1702</span></a> The ores of tin are known to exist in Gallicia; but the mines in that -country are very scanty compared to those of Cornwall.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1703_1703"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1703_1703"><span class="label">1703</span></a> “Talutium” is mentioned in B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_21">21</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1704_1704"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1704_1704"><span class="label">1704</span></a> Tin ore is among the heaviest of minerals, though the specific gravity -of the metal is small. M. Hæfer is of opinion that these pebbles contained -platinum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1705_1705"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1705_1705"><span class="label">1705</span></a> Or tin. The greater fusibility of the tin producing this separation.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1706_1706"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1706_1706"><span class="label">1706</span></a> We may conclude that the “plumbum nigrum,” or “black lead” of -Pliny is the Galena or sulphuret of lead of the moderns; it is frequently -what is termed argentiferous, <em>i.e.</em> united with an ore of silver, and this in -such quantity as to cause it to be worked for the purpose of procuring the -silver.—B. See Beckmann, Vol. II. p. 210.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1707_1707"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1707_1707"><span class="label">1707</span></a> “Instead of oil, workmen use at present ‘colophonium,’ or some -other resin.”—Beckmann, Vol. II. p. 223. See also B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_20">20</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1708_1708"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1708_1708"><span class="label">1708</span></a> Iliad, xi. 25, and xxiii. 561.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1709_1709"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1709_1709"><span class="label">1709</span></a> Ajasson considers this to be Bismuth; but it is more probable that -Beckmann is right in his conclusion, supported by Agricola, Entzel, -Fallopius, Savot, Bernia, and Jung, that it was a compound metal, the -<em>Werk</em> of the German smelting-houses: a metal not much unlike our -pewter, probably. See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. pp. 209, 212, 224. -<cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1710_1710"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1710_1710"><span class="label">1710</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_31">31</a>, and c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_53">53</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1711_1711"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1711_1711"><span class="label">1711</span></a> A compound metal, probably, somewhat like pewter. See Note <a href="#Footnote_1709_1709">1709</a> -above. He evidently alludes to the process of “tinning.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1712_1712"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1712_1712"><span class="label">1712</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_45">45</a>: where he says that the best mirrors were -formerly made of a mixture of stannum and copper.—B. See Beckmann, -Hist. Inv. Vol. II. pp. 60-62, 72.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1713_1713"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1713_1713"><span class="label">1713</span></a> Or tin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1714_1714"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1714_1714"><span class="label">1714</span></a> “Silver mixture.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1715_1715"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1715_1715"><span class="label">1715</span></a> Such a mixture as this would in reality become <em>more valuable</em> than -“argentarium,” as the proportion would be <em>two-thirds</em> of tin and one of -lead. How then could the workmen merit the title of dishonest? Beckmann -suggests that the tinning ought to have been done with <em>pure tin</em>, but -that unprincipled artists employed tin mixed with lead. It is most -probable, however, that Pliny himself has made a mistake, and that we -should read “equal parts of black lead” (our lead); in which case the -mixture passed off as “argentarium,” instead of containing <em>equal</em> parts of -tin and lead, would contain <em>five-sixths</em> of lead. See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. -Vol. II. p. 221. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1716_1716"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1716_1716"><span class="label">1716</span></a> All these readings are doubtful in the extreme.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1717_1717"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1717_1717"><span class="label">1717</span></a> As being too brittle, probably; the reason suggested by Beckmann, -Vol. II. p. 221.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1718_1718"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1718_1718"><span class="label">1718</span></a> Literally, “inboiled,” being coated by immersion in the molten tin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1719_1719"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1719_1719"><span class="label">1719</span></a> Supposed by Hardouin to have been the town of Alise, in Auxois.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1720_1720"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1720_1720"><span class="label">1720</span></a> See B. iv. c. 33.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1721_1721"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1721_1721"><span class="label">1721</span></a> The names of various kinds of carriages, -the form of which is now unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1722_1722"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1722_1722"><span class="label">1722</span></a> Both tin and lead can be fused in paper, when it is closely wrapped -around them.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1723_1723"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1723_1723"><span class="label">1723</span></a> In reality India did and does possess them both; but it is possible -that in those days it was not considered worth while to search for them.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1724_1724"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1724_1724"><span class="label">1724</span></a> The “lead” of the moderns.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1725_1725"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1725_1725"><span class="label">1725</span></a> Mr. T. Wright, the eminent antiquarian, is of opinion that the extensive -Roman lead mines at Shelve, in Shropshire, are here alluded to. -See the <cite>Illustrated London News</cite>, Oct. 4, 1856.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1726_1726"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1726_1726"><span class="label">1726</span></a> Probably from Ovetum, the modern Oviedo.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1727_1727"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1727_1727"><span class="label">1727</span></a> So called from the island of Capraria. See B. iii. cc. 11, 12, and B. -vi. c. 37.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1728_1728"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1728_1728"><span class="label">1728</span></a> See B. iii. c. 12.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1729_1729"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1729_1729"><span class="label">1729</span></a> Not in Bætica, as Brotero remarks, but in Lusitania, or Portugal; -the modern Santarem.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1730_1730"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1730_1730"><span class="label">1730</span></a> See Introduction to Vol. III.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1731_1731"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1731_1731"><span class="label">1731</span></a> This circumstance is mentioned by Suetonius, c. 20.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1732_1732"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1732_1732"><span class="label">1732</span></a> Hardouin observes, that these insects are never met with in mines; -but probably this may depend more upon other causes, than upon the -vapours which are supposed to proceed from the metals.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1733_1733"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1733_1733"><span class="label">1733</span></a> See B. xxxiii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_33">33</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_34">34</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1734_1734"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1734_1734"><span class="label">1734</span></a> See B. xx. c. 81, and B. xxiv. c. 73.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1735_1735"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1735_1735"><span class="label">1735</span></a> “Charta.” See B. xxiv. c. 51.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1736_1736"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1736_1736"><span class="label">1736</span></a> This, according to Ajasson, is the protoxide, or probably, in some -cases, the arseniate of lead.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1737_1737"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1737_1737"><span class="label">1737</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">σποδὸς</span>, “ashes.”—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1738_1738"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1738_1738"><span class="label">1738</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_34">34</a> of this Book.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1739_1739"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1739_1739"><span class="label">1739</span></a> This was probably lead ore in its primary state, when only separated -from the stannum, and before it was subjected to fusion for the purpose of -obtaining pure lead.—See Beckmann’s Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 211. <cite>Bohn’s -Edition.</cite> Ajasson identifies it with litharge, or fused oxide of lead, known -as gold and silver litharge, from its colour.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1740_1740"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1740_1740"><span class="label">1740</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_31">31</a>, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_47">47</a> of this Book.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1741_1741"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1741_1741"><span class="label">1741</span></a> In Cilicia: see B. v. c. 22. He is speaking, no doubt, of the -“metallic,” or artificial kind.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1742_1742"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1742_1742"><span class="label">1742</span></a> A kind of ointment. See B. xxiii. c. 81, and B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_34">35</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1743_1743"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1743_1743"><span class="label">1743</span></a> Our Litharge. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_35">35</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1744_1744"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1744_1744"><span class="label">1744</span></a> According to Ajasson, this substance is properly a sub-carbonate of -lead, commonly called white lead.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1745_1745"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1745_1745"><span class="label">1745</span></a> Scoria of lead and molybdæna.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1746_1746"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1746_1746"><span class="label">1746</span></a> Preparations of lead are still used in cosmetics for whitening the -complexion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1747_1747"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1747_1747"><span class="label">1747</span></a> The Realgar of the moderns, red orpiment, or red sulphuret of arsenic. -Pliny has in numerous places spoken of it as a remedy for certain morbid -states both of animals and vegetables, B. xvii. c. 47, B. xxiii. c. 13, B. -xxv. c. 22, and B. xxviii. c. 62, but he has not previously given any account -of its origin and composition.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1748_1748"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1748_1748"><span class="label">1748</span></a> Dioscorides, B. v. c. 122, informs us, with respect to this effect of sandarach, -that it was burned in combination with resin, and that the smoke -was inhaled through a tube.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1749_1749"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1749_1749"><span class="label">1749</span></a> The substance here mentioned, though its name is the foundation -of our word “arsenic,” is not the arsenic of modern commerce, but -probably a sulphuret of arsenic containing a less proportion of sulphur -than the Sandarach of the last Chapter.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1750_1750"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1750_1750"><span class="label">1750</span></a> The other two mentioned species naturally divide into laminæ, while -this kind is disposed to separate into fine fibres.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1751_1751"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1751_1751"><span class="label">1751</span></a> By this process a considerable portion of the sulphur is expelled, so -as to cause the orpiment to approximate to the state of arsenic.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1752_1752"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1752_1752"><span class="label">1752</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1753_1753"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1753_1753"><span class="label">1753</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1754_1754"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1754_1754"><span class="label">1754</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1755_1755"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1755_1755"><span class="label">1755</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1756_1756"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1756_1756"><span class="label">1756</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1757_1757"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1757_1757"><span class="label">1757</span></a> A different person from the Messala mentioned at the end of B. ix. -He is mentioned in B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_14">14</a>, B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_2">2</a>, and in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_38">38</a> -of this Book; but nothing further seems to be known of him.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1758_1758"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1758_1758"><span class="label">1758</span></a> See end of B. vii. and Note 1315 to B. vii. c. 53.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1759_1759"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1759_1759"><span class="label">1759</span></a> Domitius Marsus, a poet of the Augustan age, of whom few particulars -are known, except that he wrote an epitaph on the poet Tibullus, who died -<span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 18. He is mentioned by Ovid and Martial, from the latter of whom -we learn that his epigrams were distinguished for their wit, licentiousness, -and satire.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1760_1760"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1760_1760"><span class="label">1760</span></a> See end of B. xvi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1761_1761"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1761_1761"><span class="label">1761</span></a> See end of B. xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1762_1762"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1762_1762"><span class="label">1762</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1763_1763"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1763_1763"><span class="label">1763</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1764_1764"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1764_1764"><span class="label">1764</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1765_1765"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1765_1765"><span class="label">1765</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1766_1766"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1766_1766"><span class="label">1766</span></a> See end of B. iv.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1767_1767"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1767_1767"><span class="label">1767</span></a> See c. 19 of this Book, Note <a href="#Footnote_1525_1525">1525</a>, page 184.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1768_1768"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1768_1768"><span class="label">1768</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1769_1769"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1769_1769"><span class="label">1769</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1770_1770"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1770_1770"><span class="label">1770</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1771_1771"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1771_1771"><span class="label">1771</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1772_1772"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1772_1772"><span class="label">1772</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1773_1773"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1773_1773"><span class="label">1773</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1774_1774"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1774_1774"><span class="label">1774</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1775_1775"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1775_1775"><span class="label">1775</span></a> See end of Books iv., viii., xi., and xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1776_1776"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1776_1776"><span class="label">1776</span></a> See end of B. xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1777_1777"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1777_1777"><span class="label">1777</span></a> See end of Books iv., and xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1778_1778"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1778_1778"><span class="label">1778</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1779_1779"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1779_1779"><span class="label">1779</span></a> See end of B. xiii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1780_1780"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1780_1780"><span class="label">1780</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1781_1781"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1781_1781"><span class="label">1781</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1782_1782"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1782_1782"><span class="label">1782</span></a> See end of B. xxix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1783_1783"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1783_1783"><span class="label">1783</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1784_1784"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1784_1784"><span class="label">1784</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1785_1785"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1785_1785"><span class="label">1785</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1786_1786"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1786_1786"><span class="label">1786</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1787_1787"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1787_1787"><span class="label">1787</span></a> “Officinarum tenebræ;” probably in reference to the ignorance displayed -by the compounders of medicines, as pointed out in B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_38">38</a>, -and in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_25">25</a>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1788_1788"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1788_1788"><span class="label">1788</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1789_1789"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1789_1789"><span class="label">1789</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_9">9</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1790_1790"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1790_1790"><span class="label">1790</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1791_1791"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1791_1791"><span class="label">1791</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_8">8</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1792_1792"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1792_1792"><span class="label">1792</span></a> See B. v. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1793_1793"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1793_1793"><span class="label">1793</span></a> “Surdo figurarum discrimine.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1794_1794"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1794_1794"><span class="label">1794</span></a> We are informed by Suetonius, that this practice existed in the time -of Tiberius.—B. See also Note 18, p. 196.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1795_1795"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1795_1795"><span class="label">1795</span></a> Which he is ready to employ in carrying away his plunder.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1796_1796"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1796_1796"><span class="label">1796</span></a> “Ceromata;” this is properly a Greek term, signifying an ointment -used by athletes, composed of oil and wax.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1797_1797"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1797_1797"><span class="label">1797</span></a> This practice is referred to by Cicero, De Finib. B. v.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1798_1798"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1798_1798"><span class="label">1798</span></a> In reality, his birth-day was not on the twentieth day of any month; -but, for some reason which is not known, he fixed upon this day.—B. He -was born on the seventh day of the month Gamelion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1799_1799"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1799_1799"><span class="label">1799</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">εἰκὰς</span>, the “twentieth” day of the month.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1800_1800"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1800_1800"><span class="label">1800</span></a> In obedience to the maxim of Epicurus, <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Λάθε βιῶσας</span>—“Live in obscurity.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1801_1801"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1801_1801"><span class="label">1801</span></a> See B. xxi. c. 49, and Note 2139, p. 346.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1802_1802"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1802_1802"><span class="label">1802</span></a> This appears to have been the usual practice at the funerals of distinguished -personages among the Romans: it is referred to by Tacitus, -Ann. B. ii. c. 73, in his account of the funeral of Germanicus.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1803_1803"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1803_1803"><span class="label">1803</span></a> “Tabulina.” Rooms situate near the atrium.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1804_1804"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1804_1804"><span class="label">1804</span></a> A cognomen of the Gens Valeria at Rome, from which the family of -the Messalæ had also originally sprung.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1805_1805"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1805_1805"><span class="label">1805</span></a> So called from his father-in-law Pomponius, a man celebrated for his -wealth, and by whom he was adopted. It would appear that Scipio Pomponianus -adopted Scipio Salvitto, so called from his remarkable resemblance -to an actor of mimes. See B. vii. c. 10.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1806_1806"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1806_1806"><span class="label">1806</span></a> They were probably, like the Scipios, a branch of the Gens Cornelia. -Suetonius speaks in very derogatory terms of a member of this family, who -accompanied Julius Cæsar in his Spanish campaign against the Pompeian -party.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1807_1807"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1807_1807"><span class="label">1807</span></a> In the Greek Anthology, B. v., we have the imaginary portrait of -Homer described at considerable length.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1808_1808"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1808_1808"><span class="label">1808</span></a> Hardouin supposes that this work was written by Cicero, and that he -named it after his friend Atticus; but, as Delafosse remarks, it is clear -from the context that it was the work of Atticus.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1809_1809"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1809_1809"><span class="label">1809</span></a> M. Deville is of opinion that these portraits were made in relief upon -plates of metal, perhaps bronze, and coloured with minium, a red tint much -esteemed by the Romans.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1810_1810"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1810_1810"><span class="label">1810</span></a> “Clypei.” These were shields or escutcheons of metal, with the features -of the deceased person represented either in painting or in relief.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1811_1811"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1811_1811"><span class="label">1811</span></a> Hardouin informs us that there are some Greek inscriptions given by -Gruter, p. 441, and p. 476, from which it appears that public festivals -were celebrated on occasions of this kind.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1812_1812"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1812_1812"><span class="label">1812</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 671.—B. See B. vii. c. 54.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1813_1813"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1813_1813"><span class="label">1813</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">24</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1814_1814"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1814_1814"><span class="label">1814</span></a> It is scarcely necessary to refer to the well-known description of the -shield of Achilles, in the Iliad, B. xviii. l. 478 <em>et seq.</em>, and of that of -Æneas, Æn. B. viii. l. 626, <em>et seq.</em>—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1815_1815"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1815_1815"><span class="label">1815</span></a> He implies that the word is derived from the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">γλύφειν</span>, “to -carve” or “emboss” and not from the old Latin “cluo,” “to be famous.” -Ajasson suggests the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">καλύπτω</span> “to cover.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1816_1816"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1816_1816"><span class="label">1816</span></a> Cneius and Publius Scipio, who had been slain by Hasdrubal.—B. -As to L. Marcius, see B. ii. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1817_1817"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1817_1817"><span class="label">1817</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_5">5</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1818_1818"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1818_1818"><span class="label">1818</span></a> “Lustrations.” Periods at the end of the census, made by the censors -every five years. The censors were the guardians of the temples, -and consequently these bucklers would come under their supervision.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1819_1819"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1819_1819"><span class="label">1819</span></a> This period for the invention of painting by the Egyptians is evidently -incorrect; but still there is sufficient reason for concluding that -there now exist specimens of Egyptian art, which were in existence previous -to the time of the earliest Grecian painters of whom we have any -certain account.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1820_1820"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1820_1820"><span class="label">1820</span></a> All the ancients who have treated of the history of the art agree, -that the first attempt at what may be considered the formation of a picture, -consisted in tracing the shadow of a human head or some other object -on the wall, the interior being filled up with one uniform shade of -colour.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1821_1821"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1821_1821"><span class="label">1821</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">μονοχρώματον</span>, “single colouring.”—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1822_1822"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1822_1822"><span class="label">1822</span></a> He is mentioned also by Athenagoras, Strabo, and Athenæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1823_1823"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1823_1823"><span class="label">1823</span></a> Called “graphis,” by the Greeks, and somewhat similar, probably, to -our pen and ink drawings.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1824_1824"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1824_1824"><span class="label">1824</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_43">43</a> of this Book.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1825_1825"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1825_1825"><span class="label">1825</span></a> Ajasson remarks, that a great number of paintings have been lately -discovered in the Etruscan tombs, in a very perfect state, and probably of -very high antiquity.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1826_1826"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1826_1826"><span class="label">1826</span></a> There would appear to be still considerable uncertainty respecting -the nature of the materials employed by the ancients, and the manner of -applying them, by which they produced these durable paintings; a -branch of the art which has not been attained in equal perfection by the -moderns.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1827_1827"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1827_1827"><span class="label">1827</span></a> Caligula.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1828_1828"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1828_1828"><span class="label">1828</span></a> See B. iii. c. 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1829_1829"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1829_1829"><span class="label">1829</span></a> We have already remarked that painting was practised very extensively -by the Egyptians, probably long before the period of the Trojan -war.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1830_1830"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1830_1830"><span class="label">1830</span></a> Or “Health.” It was situate on the Quirinal Hill, in the Sixth Region -of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1831_1831"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1831_1831"><span class="label">1831</span></a> “Forum Boarium.” In the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1832_1832"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1832_1832"><span class="label">1832</span></a> Holbein and Mignard did the same.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1833_1833"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1833_1833"><span class="label">1833</span></a> Q. Pedius was either nephew, or great nephew of Julius Cæsar, and -had the command under him in the Gallic War; he is mentioned by Cæsar -in his Commentaries, and by other writers of this period.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1834_1834"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1834_1834"><span class="label">1834</span></a> Originally the palace of Tullus Hostilius, in the Second Region of -the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1835_1835"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1835_1835"><span class="label">1835</span></a> Asiaticus, the brother of the elder Africanus.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1836_1836"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1836_1836"><span class="label">1836</span></a> It was <em>before</em> the decisive battle near Mount Sipylus, that the son of -Africanus was made prisoner. King Antiochus received him with high -respect, loaded him with presents, and sent him to Rome.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1837_1837"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1837_1837"><span class="label">1837</span></a> He was legatus under the consul L. Calpurnius Piso, in the Third -Punic War, and commanded the Roman fleet. He was elected Consul -<span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 145.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1838_1838"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1838_1838"><span class="label">1838</span></a> The younger Scipio Africanus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1839_1839"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1839_1839"><span class="label">1839</span></a> We learn from Valerius Maximus, that C. Pulcher was the first to -vary the scenes of the stage with a number of colours.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1840_1840"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1840_1840"><span class="label">1840</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_35">36</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1841_1841"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1841_1841"><span class="label">1841</span></a> We have an amusing proof of this ignorance of Mummius given by -Paterculus, B. i. c. 13, who says that when he had the choicest of the -Corinthian statues and pictures sent to Italy, he gave notice to the contractors -that if they lost any of them, they must be prepared to supply new -ones. Ajasson offers a conjecture which is certainly plausible, that Mummius -might possibly regard this painting as a species of talisman.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1842_1842"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1842_1842"><span class="label">1842</span></a> In the eleventh Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1843_1843"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1843_1843"><span class="label">1843</span></a> “Sub Veteribus;” meaning that part of the Forum where the “Old -Shops” of the “argentarii” or money-brokers had stood.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1844_1844"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1844_1844"><span class="label">1844</span></a> We have an anecdote of a similar event, related by Cicero, as having -occurred to Julius Cæsar, De Oratore, B. ii. c. 66.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1845_1845"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1845_1845"><span class="label">1845</span></a> See B. vii. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1846_1846"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1846_1846"><span class="label">1846</span></a> We have had this Temple referred to in B. ii. c. 23, B. vii. c. 39, -B. viii. c. 64, and B. ix. c. 57: it is again mentioned in the <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">fortieth</a> Chapter -of this Book, and in B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_5">5</a>.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1847_1847"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1847_1847"><span class="label">1847</span></a> In the “Vaporarium,” namely.—B. The Thermæ of Agrippa were -in the Ninth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1848_1848"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1848_1848"><span class="label">1848</span></a> According to Hardouin, this was done after the battle of Actium, in -which Augustus subdued his rival Antony.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1849_1849"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1849_1849"><span class="label">1849</span></a> By adoption. The Temple of Julius Cæsar was in the Forum, in the -Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1850_1850"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1850_1850"><span class="label">1850</span></a> See B. vii. c. 22, B. x. c. 60, and B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_11">11</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1851_1851"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1851_1851"><span class="label">1851</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1852_1852"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1852_1852"><span class="label">1852</span></a> See B. vii, cc. 45, 54, 60, and B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_11">11</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1853_1853"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1853_1853"><span class="label">1853</span></a> See B. vii. c. 54, B. xv. c. 20, B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_6">6</a>, and B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_11">11</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1854_1854"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1854_1854"><span class="label">1854</span></a> This was the personification of the Nemean forest in Peloponnesus, -where Hercules killed the Lion, the first of the labours imposed upon him -by Eurystheus.—B.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1855_1855"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1855_1855"><span class="label">1855</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1856_1856"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1856_1856"><span class="label">1856</span></a> “Inussisse;” meaning that he executed it in encaustic. The Greek -term used was probably <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ΕΝΕΚΑΥΣΕ</span>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1857_1857"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1857_1857"><span class="label">1857</span></a> Hemsterhuys is of opinion that he was the brother of Æschines, the -orator, contemptuously alluded to by Demosthenes, Fals. Legat. Sec. 237, -as a painter of perfume pots. If so, he was probably an Athenian, and -must have flourished about the 109th Olympiad.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1858_1858"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1858_1858"><span class="label">1858</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1859_1859"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1859_1859"><span class="label">1859</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_39">39</a>. He alludes to cinnabaris, minium, rubrica, and -sinopis.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1860_1860"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1860_1860"><span class="label">1860</span></a> Meaning “new painting,” probably. The reading, however, is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1861_1861"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1861_1861"><span class="label">1861</span></a> “Splendor.” Supposed by Wornum to be equivalent to our word -“tone,” applied to a coloured picture, which comprehends both the “tonos” -and the “harmoge” of the Greeks. Smith’s Dict. Antiq. Art. <cite>Painting</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1862_1862"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1862_1862"><span class="label">1862</span></a> “Tone,” says Fuseli, (in the English acceptation of the word) “is the -element of the ancient ‘harmoge,’ that imperceptible transition, which, -without opacity, confusion, or hardness, united local colour, demitint, shade, -and reflexes.”—Lect. I.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1863_1863"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1863_1863"><span class="label">1863</span></a> “Austeri aut floridi.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1864_1864"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1864_1864"><span class="label">1864</span></a> Because of their comparatively great expense.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1865_1865"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1865_1865"><span class="label">1865</span></a> See B. xxxiii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_30">30</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_37">37</a>. Under this name are included Sulphuret of -mercury, and Red oxide of lead.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1866_1866"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1866_1866"><span class="label">1866</span></a> See B. xxxiii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_38">38</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_39">39</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1867_1867"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1867_1867"><span class="label">1867</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_26">26</a>. “Indicum” and “purpurissum” will be described -in the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1868_1868"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1868_1868"><span class="label">1868</span></a> Or “rubrica Sinopica;” “red earth of Sinope,” a brown red ochre, -or red oxide of iron. Dioscorides identifies it with the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">μιλτὸς</span>, -which indeed seems to have embraced the cinnabaris, minium, and rubricæ -of the Romans.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1869_1869"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1869_1869"><span class="label">1869</span></a> “Splendorem.” See Note <a href="#Footnote_1861_1861">1861</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1870_1870"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1870_1870"><span class="label">1870</span></a> So called from its deep grey brown colour, like that of the “cicer” -or chick-pea.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1871_1871"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1871_1871"><span class="label">1871</span></a> The sense of this passage seems to require the insertion of “quæ,” -although omitted by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1872_1872"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1872_1872"><span class="label">1872</span></a> “Pressior.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1873_1873"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1873_1873"><span class="label">1873</span></a> Those parts of the walls, probably, which were nearer to the ground, -and more likely to become soiled.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1874_1874"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1874_1874"><span class="label">1874</span></a> Red ochre, or red oxide of iron. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_38">38</a>, and B. xxxiv. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1875_1875"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1875_1875"><span class="label">1875</span></a> See B. xxxiii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_36">36</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1876_1876"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1876_1876"><span class="label">1876</span></a> Ajasson thinks that this was an hydroxide of iron, of a greenish yellow -or brown colour.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1877_1877"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1877_1877"><span class="label">1877</span></a> Whence our word “ochre.” See “Sil,” in B. xxxiii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1878_1878"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1878_1878"><span class="label">1878</span></a> Theophrastus, on the contrary, says that it is “ochra” that is burnt, -in order to obtain “rubrica.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1879_1879"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1879_1879"><span class="label">1879</span></a> See B. xxxiii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1880_1880"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1880_1880"><span class="label">1880</span></a> A white earth from the Isle of Melos. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1881_1881"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1881_1881"><span class="label">1881</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_20">20</a>. “One may readily conceive that this must have -been a ferruginous ochre, or kind of bole, which is still used as a ground, -<em>poliment, assiette</em>.”—Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 294. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1882_1882"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1882_1882"><span class="label">1882</span></a> A white, much used for fresco painting. Ajasson is of opinion, that -Pliny, in this Chapter, like the other ancient authors, confounds two earths -that are, in reality, totally different.—Hydrosilicate of magnesia, or Steatite, -and Rhomboidical carbonate of lime.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1883_1883"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1883_1883"><span class="label">1883</span></a> See B. v. c. 6.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1884_1884"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1884_1884"><span class="label">1884</span></a> Ajasson thinks that possibly our compact magnesite, meerschaum, or -sea-foam, may be the substance here alluded to.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1885_1885"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1885_1885"><span class="label">1885</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_57">57</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1886_1886"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1886_1886"><span class="label">1886</span></a> See B. iv. c. 33. Tournefort says that this earth is exactly similar -to the Cimolian earth, described in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_57">57</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1887_1887"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1887_1887"><span class="label">1887</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a>, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_21">21</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1888_1888"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1888_1888"><span class="label">1888</span></a> In B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_54">54</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1889_1889"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1889_1889"><span class="label">1889</span></a> Ceruse, white lead, or carbonate of lead, is prepared in much the same -manner at the present day. Ajasson is of opinion that the native pigment -discovered on the lands of Theodotus, was native carbonate of lead, the -crystals of which are found accompanied by quartz.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1890_1890"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1890_1890"><span class="label">1890</span></a> “Burnt” ceruse. This was, in fact, one of the varieties of “minium,” -red oxide of lead, our red lead. Vitruvius and Dioscorides call it “sandaraca,” -differing somewhat from that of Pliny.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1891_1891"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1891_1891"><span class="label">1891</span></a> In Chapter 10.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1892_1892"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1892_1892"><span class="label">1892</span></a> See B. xxxiii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1893_1893"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1893_1893"><span class="label">1893</span></a> It was possibly owing to this that the colour known as “umber” received -its name, and not from Ombria, in Italy. Ajasson says that shadows -cannot be successfully made without the use of transparent colours, -and that red and the several browns are remarkably transparent.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1894_1894"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1894_1894"><span class="label">1894</span></a> See B. iv. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1895_1895"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1895_1895"><span class="label">1895</span></a> As to both of these artists, see Chapter 36.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1896_1896"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1896_1896"><span class="label">1896</span></a> To the chest.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1897_1897"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1897_1897"><span class="label">1897</span></a> See B. vi. c. 34, and B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_32">32</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1898_1898"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1898_1898"><span class="label">1898</span></a> In B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_55">55</a>. “Pliny speaks of different shades of sandaraca, -the pale, or massicot, (yellow oxide of lead), and a mixture of the pale -with minium. It also signified Realgar, or red sulphuret of arsenic.”—Wornum, -in Smith’s Dict. Antiq. Art. <cite>Colores</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1899_1899"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1899_1899"><span class="label">1899</span></a> Sir H. Davy supposes this colour to have approached our crimson. -In painting, it was frequently glazed with purple, to give it an additional -lustre.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1900_1900"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1900_1900"><span class="label">1900</span></a> Ecl. iv. l. 45. “Sponte suâ sandyx pascentes vestiet agnos.” Ajasson -thinks that “Sandyx” may have been a name common to two colouring -substances, a vegetable and a mineral, the former being our madder. Beckmann -is of the same opinion, and that Virgil has committed no mistake in -the line above quoted. Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 110. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite> See -also B. xxiv. c. 56.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1901_1901"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1901_1901"><span class="label">1901</span></a> The form “<em>sand</em>,” in these words, Ajasson considers to be derived -either from “Sandes,” the name of Hercules in Asia Minor, or at least -in Lydia: or else from Sandak, the name of an ancestor of Cinyras and -Adonis.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1902_1902"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1902_1902"><span class="label">1902</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_40">40</a>. According to Aetius, syricum was made by the -calcination of pure ceruse, (similar to the “usta” above mentioned). He -states also that there was no difference between sandyx and syricum, the -former being the term generally used by medical men.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1903_1903"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1903_1903"><span class="label">1903</span></a> “Black colouring substance.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1904_1904"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1904_1904"><span class="label">1904</span></a> “Carbones infectos.” The reading is very doubtful. It may possibly -mean “charred bones tainted with dirt.” This would make an inferior -ivory-black. The earth before-mentioned is considered by Ajasson -to be a deuto-sulphate of copper, a solution of which, in gallic acid, is -still used for dyeing black. The water near copper-mines would very probably -be also highly impregnated with it. Beckmann considers these to -have been vitriolic products. Vol. II. p. 265.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1905_1905"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1905_1905"><span class="label">1905</span></a> Our Lamp-black. Vitruvius describes the construction of the manufactories -above alluded to.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1906_1906"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1906_1906"><span class="label">1906</span></a> Probably, our Chinese, or Indian ink, -a different substance from the indicum of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_27">27</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1907_1907"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1907_1907"><span class="label">1907</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">τρύξ</span>, “grape-husks” or “wine-lees.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1908_1908"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1908_1908"><span class="label">1908</span></a> Indian ink is a composition of fine lamp-black and size.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1909_1909"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1909_1909"><span class="label">1909</span></a> See B. ii. c. 29. Sepia, for sepic drawing, is now prepared from -these juices.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1910_1910"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1910_1910"><span class="label">1910</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_12">12</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1911_1911"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1911_1911"><span class="label">1911</span></a> Plate powder. See B. xvii. c. 4, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_58">58</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1912_1912"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1912_1912"><span class="label">1912</span></a> See B. ix. c. 60.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1913_1913"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1913_1913"><span class="label">1913</span></a> See B. ix. c. 65, and B. xxi. cc. 38, 97. According to Vitruvius, it is -a colour between scarlet and purple. It may possibly have been made -from woad.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1914_1914"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1914_1914"><span class="label">1914</span></a> See B. iii. c. 16.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1915_1915"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1915_1915"><span class="label">1915</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1916_1916"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1916_1916"><span class="label">1916</span></a> White of egg, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1917_1917"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1917_1917"><span class="label">1917</span></a> Indigo, no doubt, is the colour meant. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1918_1918"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1918_1918"><span class="label">1918</span></a> It is the produce of the Indigofera tinctoria, and comes from Bengal -more particularly. Beckmann and Dr. Bancroft have each investigated this -subject at great length, and though Pliny is greatly mistaken as to the -mode in which the drug was produced, they agree in the conclusion that -his “indicum” was real indigo, and not, as some have supposed, a pigment -prepared from <em>isatis</em>, or woad.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1919_1919"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1919_1919"><span class="label">1919</span></a> This passage, similar in many respects to the account given by Dioscorides, -is commented on at great length by Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. -p. 263. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1920_1920"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1920_1920"><span class="label">1920</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_56">56</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1921_1921"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1921_1921"><span class="label">1921</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_30">30</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1922_1922"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1922_1922"><span class="label">1922</span></a> “Armenium.” Armenian bole is still used for colouring tooth-powder -and essence of anchovies.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1923_1923"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1923_1923"><span class="label">1923</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_26">26</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1924_1924"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1924_1924"><span class="label">1924</span></a> So called, probably, either from the place where it was made, or -from the person who first discovered it. Some commentators have suggested -that it should be “apian” green, meaning “parsley” colour.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1925_1925"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1925_1925"><span class="label">1925</span></a> So called from “anulus,” a “ring,” as mentioned below.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1926_1926"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1926_1926"><span class="label">1926</span></a> “Quo muliebres picturæ illuminantur.” The meaning of this passage -is obscure. It would seem almost to apply to paintings, but Beckmann -is of opinion that the meaning is, “This is the beautiful white with -which the ladies paint or ornament themselves.”—Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. -261. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1927_1927"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1927_1927"><span class="label">1927</span></a> Beckmann suggests that it was so called from its being one of the -sealing earths, “anulus” being the name of a signet ring. Vol. II. p. 260.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1928_1928"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1928_1928"><span class="label">1928</span></a> “Cretulam.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1929_1929"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1929_1929"><span class="label">1929</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1930_1930"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1930_1930"><span class="label">1930</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_39">39</a>, where this process is more fully described. “‘<em>Ceræ</em>,’ -or ‘waxes,’ was the ordinary term for painters’ colours among the Romans, -but more especially encaustic colours, which were probably kept dry -in boxes, and the wet brush or pencil was rubbed upon them when colour -was required, or they were moistened by the artist previous to commencing -work. From the term ‘ceræ’ it would appear that wax constituted the -principal ingredient in the colouring vehicle used; but this does not necessarily -follow, and it is very improbable that it did; there must have -been a great portion of gum or resin in the colours, or they could not have -hardened. Wax was undoubtedly a most essential ingredient, since it -apparently prevents the colours from cracking. ‘Ceræ’ therefore might -originally simply mean colours which contained wax, in contradistinction -to those which did not; but was afterwards applied generally by the Romans -to the colours of painters.”—Wornum, Smith’s Dict. Antiq. Art. -<cite>Painting</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1931_1931"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1931_1931"><span class="label">1931</span></a> Called “Inceramenta navium,” in Livy, B. xxviii. c. 45. See also -Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_39">39</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_41">41</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1932_1932"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1932_1932"><span class="label">1932</span></a> Pliny here commits a mistake, which may have arisen from an imperfect -recollection, as Sir. H. Davy has supposed, of a passage in Cicero -(Brutus, c. 18), which, however, quite contradicts the statement of Pliny. -“In painting, we admire in the works of Zeuxis, Polygnotus, Timanthes, -and those who used <em>four</em> colours only, the figure and the lineaments; but -in the works of Echion, Nicomachus, Protogenes, and Apelles, <em>everything</em> -is perfect.” Indeed Pliny contradicts himself, for he speaks of <em>two</em> other -colours used by the earliest painters, the <em>testa trita</em>, or ground earthenware, -in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_5">5</a> of this Book; and “cinnabaris,” or vermilion, in B. xxxiii. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_35">36</a>. Also, in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_21">21</a> of this Book he speaks of Eretrian earth as -having been used by Nicomachus, and in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_25">25</a> of ivory black as -having been invented by Apelles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1933_1933"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1933_1933"><span class="label">1933</span></a> These painters will all be noticed in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1934_1934"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1934_1934"><span class="label">1934</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_19">19</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1935_1935"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1935_1935"><span class="label">1935</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1936_1936"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1936_1936"><span class="label">1936</span></a> Blue is here excluded altogether, unless under the term “atramentum” -we would include black and blue indicum, or in other words, Indian -ink and indigo.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1937_1937"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1937_1937"><span class="label">1937</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_27">27</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1938_1938"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1938_1938"><span class="label">1938</span></a> In allusion to “Dragon’s blood.” See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_38">38</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1939_1939"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1939_1939"><span class="label">1939</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_2">2</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1940_1940"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1940_1940"><span class="label">1940</span></a> From the construction of the passage, it is difficult to say whether he -means to say that such colossal figures were till then unknown in painting, -or whether that the use of canvass in painting was till then unknown. -If the latter is the meaning, it is not exactly correct, though it is probable -that the introduction of canvass for this purpose was comparatively late; -there being no mention of its being employed by the Greek painters of the -best periods.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1941_1941"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1941_1941"><span class="label">1941</span></a> See B. iii. c. 9, B. xiv. c. 3, and B. xvi. c. 91.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1942_1942"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1942_1942"><span class="label">1942</span></a> “Torcutæ.” For the explanation of this term, see end of B. <a href="#Page_142">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1943_1943"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1943_1943"><span class="label">1943</span></a> In reality he was cousin or nephew of Phidias, by the father’s side, -though Pausanias, B. v. c. 11, falls into the same error as that committed -by Pliny. He is mentioned likewise by Strabo and Æschines.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1944_1944"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1944_1944"><span class="label">1944</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1945_1945"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1945_1945"><span class="label">1945</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1946_1946"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1946_1946"><span class="label">1946</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1947_1947"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1947_1947"><span class="label">1947</span></a> See B. vii. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1948_1948"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1948_1948"><span class="label">1948</span></a> Paintings with but one colour. “Monochromata,” as we shall see in -Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>, were painted at all times, and by the greatest masters. Those -of Zeuxis corresponded with the <em>Chiariscuri</em> of the Italians, light and -shade being introduced with the highest degree of artistic skill.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1949_1949"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1949_1949"><span class="label">1949</span></a> These several artists are quite unknown, being mentioned by no other -author.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1950_1950"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1950_1950"><span class="label">1950</span></a> It is pretty clear, from vases of a very ancient date, that it is not the -sexual distinction that is here alluded to. Eumarus, perhaps, may have been -the first to give to each sex its characteristic style of design, in the compositions, -draperies, attitudes, and complexions of the respective sexes. -Wornum thinks that, probably, Eumarus, and certainly, Cimon, belonged -to the class of ancient tetrachromists, or polychromists, painting in a variety -of colours, without a due, or at least a partial, observance of the -laws of light and shade. Smith’s Dict. Antiq. Art. <cite>Painting</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1951_1951"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1951_1951"><span class="label">1951</span></a> He is mentioned also by Ælian. Böttiger is of opinion that he flourished -about the 80th Olympiad. It is probable, however, that he lived -long before the age of Polygnotus; but some time after that of Eumarus. -Wornum thinks that he was probably a contemporary of Solon, a century -before Polygnotus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1952_1952"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1952_1952"><span class="label">1952</span></a> “Catagrapha.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1953_1953"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1953_1953"><span class="label">1953</span></a> This picture was placed in the Pœcile at Athens, and is mentioned -also by Pausanias, B. i. c. 15, and by Æschines, Ctesiph. s. 186.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1954_1954"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1954_1954"><span class="label">1954</span></a> See B. vii. c. 57. (Vol. II. p. 233), where he is mentioned as an Athenian. -It is not improbable that he became a citizen of Athens in the seventy-ninth -Olympiad, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 463, when Thasos was brought under the power of -Athens, and, as Sillig suggests, at the solicitation of Cimon, the son of -Miltiades. It is generally supposed that he flourished about the eightieth -Olympiad.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1955_1955"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1955_1955"><span class="label">1955</span></a> Belonging to the Theatre of Pompey, in the Ninth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1956_1956"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1956_1956"><span class="label">1956</span></a> With scenes from the Trojan War, and the adventures of Ulysses.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1957_1957"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1957_1957"><span class="label">1957</span></a> Or “Variegated;” from its various pictures.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1958_1958"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1958_1958"><span class="label">1958</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1959_1959"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1959_1959"><span class="label">1959</span></a> See B. vii. c. 37.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1960_1960"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1960_1960"><span class="label">1960</span></a> She is again mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1961_1961"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1961_1961"><span class="label">1961</span></a> He was a native of Thasos, and father and instructor of Polygnotus. -As Pliny has already stated that Polygnotus flourished <em>before</em> the ninetieth -Olympiad, there is an inconsistency in his making mention of the son as -flourishing before the father. Hence Sillig, with Böttiger, is inclined to -think that there were two artists of this name, one about the seventieth, -and the other about the ninetieth Olympiad, the former being the father -of Polygnotus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1962_1962"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1962_1962"><span class="label">1962</span></a> “Primusque gloriam penicillo jure contulit.” Wornum considers -that “the rich effect of the combination of light and shade with colour is -clearly expressed in these words.”—Smith’s Dict. Antiq. Art. <cite>Painting</cite>. -This artist, who was noted for his arrogance, is mentioned by other ancient -writers.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1963_1963"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1963_1963"><span class="label">1963</span></a> “Penicillus.” This was the hair-pencil or brush, which was used by -one class of painters, in contradistinction to the stylus or cestrum used for -spreading the wax-colours. Painters with the brush used what we should -term “water-colours;” oil-colours, in our sense of the word, being unknown -to the ancients.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1964_1964"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1964_1964"><span class="label">1964</span></a> In “Magna Græcia,” near Crotona, it is supposed. Tzetzes styles -him as an Ephesian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1965_1965"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1965_1965"><span class="label">1965</span></a> This is <em>probably</em> the meaning of the words—“Artem ipsis ablatam -Zeuxim ferre secum.” It is doubtful whether “ipsis” or “ipsi” is the -correct reading.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1966_1966"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1966_1966"><span class="label">1966</span></a> King of Macedonia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1967_1967"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1967_1967"><span class="label">1967</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Μωμήσεταί τις μᾶλλον ἢ μιμήσεται</span>. This line is attributed by -Plutarch to Apollodorus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1968_1968"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1968_1968"><span class="label">1968</span></a> Cicero and Dionysius of Halicarnassus say that this picture was -executed at Crotona, and not at Agrigentum. It is generally supposed to -have been the painting of Helena, afterwards mentioned by Pliny.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1969_1969"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1969_1969"><span class="label">1969</span></a> “Ex albo.” “That is, in grey and grey, similar to the Chiaríscuri -of the Italians.”—Wornum, in Smith’s Dict. Antiq. Art. <cite>Painting</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1970_1970"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1970_1970"><span class="label">1970</span></a> “Figlina opera.” It is not improbable that this may allude to the -painting of fictile vases.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1971_1971"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1971_1971"><span class="label">1971</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 666. As to this expedition of Fulvius Nobilior, see Livy, B. -xxxviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1972_1972"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1972_1972"><span class="label">1972</span></a> Of Philippus Marcius, in the Ninth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1973_1973"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1973_1973"><span class="label">1973</span></a> In the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1974_1974"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1974_1974"><span class="label">1974</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1975_1975"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1975_1975"><span class="label">1975</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>. and B. <a href="#Page_220">xxxiv</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1976_1976"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1976_1976"><span class="label">1976</span></a> The antithesis seems to require here the reading “inexorabilem,” -instead of “exorabilem.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1977_1977"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1977_1977"><span class="label">1977</span></a> “Navarchum.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1978_1978"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1978_1978"><span class="label">1978</span></a> The “Chief of the Galli,” or high priest of Cybele.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1979_1979"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1979_1979"><span class="label">1979</span></a> See end of B. x.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1980_1980"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1980_1980"><span class="label">1980</span></a> Possibly the person mentioned in B. xi. c. 9, or perhaps the Tragic -writer of this name, mentioned in the present <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1981_1981"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1981_1981"><span class="label">1981</span></a> Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1982_1982"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1982_1982"><span class="label">1982</span></a> “Hoplites.” A runner in panoply, or complete armour, at the -Olympic Games.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1983_1983"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1983_1983"><span class="label">1983</span></a> The “Liver in luxury.” Athenæus, B. xii., confirms this statement, -and gives some lines which Parrhasius wrote under certain of his works.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1984_1984"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1984_1984"><span class="label">1984</span></a> Of Achilles, which were awarded to Ulysses in preference to Ajax.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1985_1985"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1985_1985"><span class="label">1985</span></a> We learn from Suetonius that Tiberius possessed a Meleager and -Atalanta by Parrhasius, of this nature.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1986_1986"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1986_1986"><span class="label">1986</span></a> Said by Eustathius to have been a native of Sicyon, but by Quintilian, -of Cythnos.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1987_1987"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1987_1987"><span class="label">1987</span></a> Cicero, for instance, De Oratore, c. 22, s. 74.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1988_1988"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1988_1988"><span class="label">1988</span></a> Menelaüs.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1989_1989"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1989_1989"><span class="label">1989</span></a> Agamemnon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1990_1990"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1990_1990"><span class="label">1990</span></a> Built near the Forum, by Vespasian, according to Suetonius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1991_1991"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1991_1991"><span class="label">1991</span></a> A native of Thebes. A full account of him will be given in the -course of this Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1992_1992"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1992_1992"><span class="label">1992</span></a> Or “Grecian.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1993_1993"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1993_1993"><span class="label">1993</span></a> He was a native of Amphipolis in Macedonia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1994_1994"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1994_1994"><span class="label">1994</span></a> Phlius was the chief town of Phliasia, in the north-east of Peloponnesus. -It seems to be quite unknown to what events Pliny here alludes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1995_1995"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1995_1995"><span class="label">1995</span></a> Possibly the naval victory gained by the Athenians under Chabrias -near Naxos, in the first year of the 101st Olympiad.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1996_1996"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1996_1996"><span class="label">1996</span></a> Which would make the course of study, as M. Ian says, extend over -a period of twelve years.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1997_1997"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1997_1997"><span class="label">1997</span></a> “Graphice;” equivalent, perhaps, to our word “drawing.” “The -elementary process consisted in drawing lines or outlines with the graphis, -(or stylus) upon tablets of box; the first exercise was probably to draw a -simple line.”—Wornum, in Smith’s Dict. Antiq. Art. <cite>Painting</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1998_1998"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1998_1998"><span class="label">1998</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1999_1999"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1999_1999"><span class="label">1999</span></a> Both of whom are mentioned as statuaries, in the early part of B. -xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2000_2000"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2000_2000"><span class="label">2000</span></a> Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2001_2001"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2001_2001"><span class="label">2001</span></a> The generality of Greek writers represent him as a native either of -Ephesus, or of Colophon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2002_2002"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2002_2002"><span class="label">2002</span></a> “Venustas.” This word, it has been remarked, will hardly bear a -definition. It has been rendered “grace,” “elegance,” “beauty.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2003_2003"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2003_2003"><span class="label">2003</span></a> “Venerem.” The name of the Goddess of Beauty.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2004_2004"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2004_2004"><span class="label">2004</span></a> “Gracefulness.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2005_2005"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2005_2005"><span class="label">2005</span></a> “Secuit.” Possibly meaning that he drew another outline in each -of these outlines. The meaning, however, is doubtful, and has occasioned -much trouble to the commentators. Judging from the words used by -Apelles and Protogenes, each in his message, it is not unlikely that the -“linea” or outline drawn by each was a profile of himself, and that the -profile of Protogenes was drawn within that of Apelles; who, on the -second occasion, drew a third profile between the other two, but with a still -finer line than either of them. In Dr. Smith’s Dictionary of Biography, -<cite>art.</cite> Apelles, it is thus explained: “The most natural explanation of this -difficult passage seems to be, that down the middle of the first line of -Apelles, Protogenes drew another, so as to divide it into two parallel -halves, and that Apelles again divided the line of Protogenes in the same -manner.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2006_2006"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2006_2006"><span class="label">2006</span></a> The Latin form of which, as given by Erasmus, is “Nulla dies abeat, -quin linea ducta supersit.” “Let no day pass by, without an outline -being drawn, and left in remembrance.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2007_2007"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2007_2007"><span class="label">2007</span></a> “In pergulâ.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2008_2008"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2008_2008"><span class="label">2008</span></a> “Ne sutor ultra crepidam.” Equivalent to our saying, “Let not -the shoemaker go beyond his last.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2009_2009"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2009_2009"><span class="label">2009</span></a> In B. vii. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2010_2010"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2010_2010"><span class="label">2010</span></a> Also known as “Campaspe,” and “Pacate.” She was the favourite -concubine of Alexander, and is said to have been his first love.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2011_2011"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2011_2011"><span class="label">2011</span></a> “Venus rising out of the waters.” Athenæus says, B. xiii., that the -courtesan Phryne was his model, whom, at the festival of Neptune, he had -seen enter the sea naked at Eleusis.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2012_2012"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2012_2012"><span class="label">2012</span></a> See Matthew xiii. 57; Mark vi. 4. “A prophet is not without honour, -save in his own country.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2013_2013"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2013_2013"><span class="label">2013</span></a> “Physiognomists.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2014_2014"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2014_2014"><span class="label">2014</span></a> “Vocatores”—more literally, his “inviting officers.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2015_2015"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2015_2015"><span class="label">2015</span></a> Strabo mentions a portrait of Antigonus in the possession of the -inhabitants of Cos.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2016_2016"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2016_2016"><span class="label">2016</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_2011_2011">2011</a> above. Propertius mentions this as his greatest work. -B. III. El. 9, l. 11. “In Veneris tabulâ summam sibi ponit Apelles.” -“In his picture of Venus, Apelles produces his masterpiece.” It is mentioned -also by Ovid, Tristia, B. II. l. 527, and Art. Amor. B. III. l. 401. -The line in B. III. l. 224 is also well known—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“Nuda Venus madidas exprimit imbre comas.”</div> -</div></div></div> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“And naked Venus wrings her dripping locks.”</div> -</div></div></div> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2017_2017"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2017_2017"><span class="label">2017</span></a> In the Forum, in the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2018_2018"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2018_2018"><span class="label">2018</span></a> His father by adoption.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2019_2019"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2019_2019"><span class="label">2019</span></a> There are several Epigrams descriptive of it in the Greek Anthology.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2020_2020"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2020_2020"><span class="label">2020</span></a> This, probably, is the meaning of “Tali opere dum laudatur victo sed -illustrato,” words which have given much trouble to the commentators.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2021_2021"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2021_2021"><span class="label">2021</span></a> Nothing further seems to be known of him.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2022_2022"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2022_2022"><span class="label">2022</span></a> “Cois.” The first one was also painted for the people of Cos, by -whom it was ultimately sold to Augustus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2023_2023"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2023_2023"><span class="label">2023</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_32">32</a> of this Book. That this is an erroneous assertion, -has been shown in Note <a href="#Footnote_1932_1932">1932</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2024_2024"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2024_2024"><span class="label">2024</span></a> Probably the weight of the panel, frame, and ornamental appendages.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2025_2025"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2025_2025"><span class="label">2025</span></a> This word was probably a title, meaning “Keeper of the temple.” -Strabo tells us that the “megabyzi,” or as he calls them, the “megalobyzi,” -were eunuch priests in the Temple of Artemis, or Diana, at Ephesus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2026_2026"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2026_2026"><span class="label">2026</span></a> The favourite of Alexander, by whom he was afterwards slain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2027_2027"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2027_2027"><span class="label">2027</span></a> Probably the name of a rich sensualist who lived at Argos. A son -of the Attic orator Lycurgus, one of the sophists, also bore this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2028_2028"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2028_2028"><span class="label">2028</span></a> This name is supposed by Sillig to have been inserted erroneously, -either by Pliny, or by his transcribers.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2029_2029"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2029_2029"><span class="label">2029</span></a> Either the Argonaut of that name, who was killed by the Caledonian -Boar, or else, which is the most probable, a King of the Leleges in Samos, -with whom, according to the Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius, originated -the saying, “There is many a slip between the cup and the lip;” in reference -to his death, by a wild boar, when he was about to put a cup of wine -to his mouth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2030_2030"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2030_2030"><span class="label">2030</span></a> Shown in his forbearing to appropriate them to his own use.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2031_2031"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2031_2031"><span class="label">2031</span></a> Anna Perenna, probably, a Roman divinity of obscure origin, the -legends about whom are related in the Fasti of Ovid, B. iii. l. 523. <em>et seq.</em> -See also Macrobius, Sat. I. 12. Her sacred grove was near the Tiber, but -of her temple nothing whatever is known. “Antoniæ” is another reading, -but no such divinity is mentioned by any other author.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2032_2032"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2032_2032"><span class="label">2032</span></a> Sillig (Dict. Anc. Art.) is of opinion that the reading is corrupt here, -and that the meaning is, that Apelles “painted a Hero and Leander.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2033_2033"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2033_2033"><span class="label">2033</span></a> Or Demigod.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2034_2034"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2034_2034"><span class="label">2034</span></a> One of the followers of Alexander, ultimately slain by Eumenes in -Armenia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2035_2035"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2035_2035"><span class="label">2035</span></a> King of Macedonia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2036_2036"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2036_2036"><span class="label">2036</span></a> Odyss. B. vi. l. 102, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2037_2037"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2037_2037"><span class="label">2037</span></a> Sir Joshua Reynolds discovers in the account here given “an artist-like -description of the effect of glazing, or scumbling, such as was practised -by Titian and the rest of the Venetian painters.”—<cite>Notes to Du Fresnoy.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2038_2038"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2038_2038"><span class="label">2038</span></a> “Lapis specularis.” See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2039_2039"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2039_2039"><span class="label">2039</span></a> He was son of Aristodemus, and brother and pupil of Nicomachus, -in addition to Euxenidas, already mentioned in this Chapter. He, Pausanias, -and Nicophanes, excelled, as we learn from Athenæus, B. xiii., in the -portraits of courtesans; hence their name, <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">πορνόγραφοι</span>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2040_2040"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2040_2040"><span class="label">2040</span></a> It has been well remarked by Wornum, in the article so often quoted, -that “expression of the feelings and passions cannot be denied to Polygnotus, -Apollodorus, Parrhasius, Timanthes, and many others.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2041_2041"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2041_2041"><span class="label">2041</span></a> See B. iv. c. 12.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2042_2042"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2042_2042"><span class="label">2042</span></a> Meaning, “Her who has ceased” to live. The reference is to Byblis, -who died of love for her brother Caunus. See Ovid’s Metam. B. ix. l. -455, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2043_2043"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2043_2043"><span class="label">2043</span></a> Or Bacchus. Already mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_8">8</a> of this Book, in reference -to the Roman general Mummius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2044_2044"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2044_2044"><span class="label">2044</span></a> In the Eleventh Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2045_2045"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2045_2045"><span class="label">2045</span></a> In the Tenth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2046_2046"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2046_2046"><span class="label">2046</span></a> Celebrated on the 3rd of July.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2047_2047"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2047_2047"><span class="label">2047</span></a> In reference to the age of Apelles, whom he is supposed to have survived.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2048_2048"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2048_2048"><span class="label">2048</span></a> In Caria, near to Lycia. Suidas says that he was born at Xanthus -in Lycia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2049_2049"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2049_2049"><span class="label">2049</span></a> Or Vestibule.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2050_2050"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2050_2050"><span class="label">2050</span></a> Supposed by Sillig to have been an allegorical painting representing -two of the sacred ships of the Athenians; but to have been mistaken in -later times for a picture of Ulysses and Nausicaa, a subject taken from -the Odyssey, B. vi. l. 16, <em>et seq.</em> As to Paralus, said to have been the first -builder of long ships, or ships of war, see B. vii. c. 57.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2051_2051"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2051_2051"><span class="label">2051</span></a> Or “long ships.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2052_2052"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2052_2052"><span class="label">2052</span></a> Son of Cercaphus and Cydippe or Lysippe, and grandson of Apollo. -He is said to have been the founder of the town of Ialysus, mentioned in -B. v. c. 36.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2053_2053"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2053_2053"><span class="label">2053</span></a> “These four times most probably were, the dead colouring, a first -and a second painting, and lastly, scumbling with glazing.”—Wornum, -Smith’s Dict. Antiq. Art. <cite>Painting</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2054_2054"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2054_2054"><span class="label">2054</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> in this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2055_2055"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2055_2055"><span class="label">2055</span></a> “Poppyzonta.” “Smacking with his lips.” Somewhat similar to the -s—s—s—s of our grooms and ostlers.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2056_2056"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2056_2056"><span class="label">2056</span></a> Poliorcetes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2057_2057"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2057_2057"><span class="label">2057</span></a> “In repose.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2058_2058"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2058_2058"><span class="label">2058</span></a> Phæstis, or Phæstias by name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2059_2059"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2059_2059"><span class="label">2059</span></a> In B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2060_2060"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2060_2060"><span class="label">2060</span></a> A native of Athens, ranked by Plutarch with Euphranor and Nicias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2061_2061"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2061_2061"><span class="label">2061</span></a> Tyrant of Elaten, mentioned already in this Chapter. See Note <a href="#Footnote_2041_2041">2041</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2062_2062"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2062_2062"><span class="label">2062</span></a> Supposed by Sillig to have been a native of Thebes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2063_2063"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2063_2063"><span class="label">2063</span></a> Or “Youth;” in the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2064_2064"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2064_2064"><span class="label">2064</span></a> See B. xiii. c. 5.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2065_2065"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2065_2065"><span class="label">2065</span></a> A round, closely-fitting skull cap, made of felt. St. Jerome, Epist. -120, speaks of Ulysses as being thus represented in paintings. Statues of -him with the “pileus” are still to be seen.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2066_2066"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2066_2066"><span class="label">2066</span></a> See B. ii. c. 6.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2067_2067"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2067_2067"><span class="label">2067</span></a> A contemporary of Philip of Macedon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2068_2068"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2068_2068"><span class="label">2068</span></a> A dithyrambic poet, born at Selinus. He flourished <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 398. Only -a few lines of his works remain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2069_2069"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2069_2069"><span class="label">2069</span></a> “Breviores etiamnum quasdam picturæ compendiarias invenit.” Delafosse -is of opinion that paintings in grotesque are probably meant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2070_2070"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2070_2070"><span class="label">2070</span></a> His country is uncertain, but he probably lived about the time of -Apelles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2071_2071"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2071_2071"><span class="label">2071</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2072_2072"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2072_2072"><span class="label">2072</span></a> He belonged, as Wornum remarks, to the class of genre-painters, -or <em>peintres du genre bas</em>, as the French term them. His age and country -are unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2073_2073"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2073_2073"><span class="label">2073</span></a> “Painter of low subjects.” This term is equivalent in meaning, -probably, to our expression—“The Dutch style.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2074_2074"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2074_2074"><span class="label">2074</span></a> “Mæniana.” Balustrades or balconies, said to have been so called -from one Mænius, who built them.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2075_2075"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2075_2075"><span class="label">2075</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_8">8</a> of this Book. They are mentioned also in the “Curculio” -of Plautus, A. iv. s. i. l. 19. Nothing further is known of Serapio.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2076_2076"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2076_2076"><span class="label">2076</span></a> His country is unknown, but he is supposed to have lived in the first -century <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> See also Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2077_2077"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2077_2077"><span class="label">2077</span></a> “Painter of men.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2078_2078"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2078_2078"><span class="label">2078</span></a> Mentioned also by Varro. He probably lived in the time of Alexander -the Great.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2079_2079"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2079_2079"><span class="label">2079</span></a> A native of Egypt, compared by many to the most eminent artists. -He is spoken of in high terms by Quintilian, B. xii. c. 10. See also Chapter -<a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2080_2080"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2080_2080"><span class="label">2080</span></a> Built by Augustus in the Ninth Region of the City, in honour of his -sister Octavia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2081_2081"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2081_2081"><span class="label">2081</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2082_2082"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2082_2082"><span class="label">2082</span></a> Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2083_2083"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2083_2083"><span class="label">2083</span></a> And so caused his death by falling from his chariot. See the “Hippolytus” -of Euripides.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2084_2084"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2084_2084"><span class="label">2084</span></a> Near the Theatre of Pompey, in the Ninth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2085_2085"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2085_2085"><span class="label">2085</span></a> “Caricatures.” Sillig thinks it not unlikely that Gryllus was painted -with a pig’s face, that animal being signified by the Greek word <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">γρυλλὸς</span>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2086_2086"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2086_2086"><span class="label">2086</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2087_2087"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2087_2087"><span class="label">2087</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_6">6</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2088_2088"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2088_2088"><span class="label">2088</span></a> In the original, as given by Sillig, “Plautiu, Marcus Cleœtas.” -That commentator supposes him to have been a Greek by birth, and adopted -into the Plautian family, on being made a citizen of Rome.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2089_2089"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2089_2089"><span class="label">2089</span></a> “Euripi.” See B. ii. c. 100, B. viii. c. 40, and B. ix. cc. 22, 80. -The landscape paintings on the interior walls of houses at Herculaneum -and Pompeii may be taken as specimens of this artist’s style.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2090_2090"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2090_2090"><span class="label">2090</span></a> “Succollatis sponsione mulieribus.” This passage appears to be a -mass of confusion, in spite of Sillig’s attempts to amend and explain it. -The meaning can only be guessed at, not given with any degree of certainty: -of Ludius himself, no further particulars are known.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2091_2091"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2091_2091"><span class="label">2091</span></a> The “hypæthra” or promenades.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2092_2092"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2092_2092"><span class="label">2092</span></a> Most editions give “Famulus.” Nothing further is known of him.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2093_2093"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2093_2093"><span class="label">2093</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">24</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2094_2094"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2094_2094"><span class="label">2094</span></a> Both in the First Region of the City, near the Capenian Gate.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2095_2095"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2095_2095"><span class="label">2095</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_41">41</a> of this Book, where the difficulties attending this description -will be considered.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2096_2096"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2096_2096"><span class="label">2096</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2097_2097"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2097_2097"><span class="label">2097</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_35">35</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2098_2098"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2098_2098"><span class="label">2098</span></a> Possibly the artist of that name mentioned by Athenæus, B. x., as a -tutor of Apelles. If so, he must have flourished about the ninety-seventh -Olympiad.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2099_2099"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2099_2099"><span class="label">2099</span></a> Elasippus “inburned” this picture, <em>i.e.</em> executed it in encaustic. -From the Attic form of this word, it has been concluded that he was an -Athenian. The spelling of his name is very doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2100_2100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2100_2100"><span class="label">2100</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2101_2101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2101_2101"><span class="label">2101</span></a> Two paintings of his at Epidaurus are mentioned by Pausanias, B. ii. -c. 27.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2102_2102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2102_2102"><span class="label">2102</span></a> And <em>not</em> in encaustic; though, as we shall see in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_41">41</a>, the brush -was sometimes used in this branch.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2103_2103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2103_2103"><span class="label">2103</span></a> The “One day” picture.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2104_2104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2104_2104"><span class="label">2104</span></a> See B. xxi. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2105_2105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2105_2105"><span class="label">2105</span></a> The “Chaplet-wearer.” See B. xxi. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2106_2106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2106_2106"><span class="label">2106</span></a> The “Chaplet-seller.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2107_2107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2107_2107"><span class="label">2107</span></a> A “correct” copy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2108_2108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2108_2108"><span class="label">2108</span></a> “In confracto.” Meaning probably the group of the surrounding -spectators, on which the shadow of the animal’s body was thrown. It is -evident that this artist excelled in his effect of light and shade, enhanced -by contrasts, and strong foreshortenings.”—Wornum, Smith’s Dict. Antiq. -Art. <cite>Painting</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2109_2109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2109_2109"><span class="label">2109</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 678. See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">24</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2110_2110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2110_2110"><span class="label">2110</span></a> Mentioned also in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2111_2111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2111_2111"><span class="label">2111</span></a> Praised by Pausanias, B. i. It was in this combat, he says, that Gryllus, -the son of Xenophon, and Epaminondas the Theban, first distinguished -themselves.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2112_2112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2112_2112"><span class="label">2112</span></a> “Carne.” Beef, according to Plutarch, was the flesh mentioned.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2113_2113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2113_2113"><span class="label">2113</span></a> The dress of the Greek philosophers, more particularly.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2114_2114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2114_2114"><span class="label">2114</span></a> Born in the island of Cythnos, one of the Cyclades. He is supposed -to be the artist mentioned by Theophrastus, De Lapid. c. 95.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2115_2115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2115_2115"><span class="label">2115</span></a> It is supposed by Sillig, from Dio Cassius, B. liii. c. 27, that this -painting was transferred by M. Vipsanius Agrippa, to the Portico of Neptune.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2116_2116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2116_2116"><span class="label">2116</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_20">20</a> of this Book, where he is mentioned as having been -the first artist who used “usta” or burnt ceruse. From Pausanias we -learn that his remains were interred at Athens, in the road leading to the -Academia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2117_2117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2117_2117"><span class="label">2117</span></a> Chiaroscuro.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2118_2118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2118_2118"><span class="label">2118</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_10">10</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2119_2119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2119_2119"><span class="label">2119</span></a> Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2120_2120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2120_2120"><span class="label">2120</span></a> In the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2121_2121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2121_2121"><span class="label">2121</span></a> Spoken of by Pausanias, B. iii. c. 19.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2122_2122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2122_2122"><span class="label">2122</span></a> In the Forum at Rome.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2123_2123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2123_2123"><span class="label">2123</span></a> See Chapter 36 of this Book, Note <a href="#Footnote_2025_2025">2025</a>, p. 261.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2124_2124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2124_2124"><span class="label">2124</span></a> “Place of the prophecies of the dead;” in reference to the description -of the Infernal Regions in the Fourth Book of the Odyssey.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2125_2125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2125_2125"><span class="label">2125</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_37">37</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2126_2126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2126_2126"><span class="label">2126</span></a> See B. iv. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2127_2127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2127_2127"><span class="label">2127</span></a> Supposed by Hardouin to be the writer mentioned at the end of B. -vii. and B. x.: or perhaps, “a chief” of an Athenian tribe.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2128_2128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2128_2128"><span class="label">2128</span></a> A “group of kindred.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2129_2129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2129_2129"><span class="label">2129</span></a> A disciple of Carneades. See -the list of writers at the <a href="#Page_303">end</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2130_2130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2130_2130"><span class="label">2130</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 168.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2131_2131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2131_2131"><span class="label">2131</span></a> Represented in a sitting posture, as mentioned by Ovid, Trist. II. 525, -and by Philostratus, Vit. Apol. B. II. c. 10. The Medea is described in -an Epigram in B. iv. of the Greek Anthology, imitated by Ausonius, Epigr. -22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2132_2132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2132_2132"><span class="label">2132</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_2116_2116">2116</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2133_2133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2133_2133"><span class="label">2133</span></a> Medusa, slain by Perseus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2134_2134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2134_2134"><span class="label">2134</span></a> In the former editions, “Mecophanes.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2135_2135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2135_2135"><span class="label">2135</span></a> Or ochre. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2136_2136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2136_2136"><span class="label">2136</span></a> Health, Brightness, and All-heal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2137_2137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2137_2137"><span class="label">2137</span></a> Greek for “sluggard.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2138_2138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2138_2138"><span class="label">2138</span></a> Probably, from the context, a pupil, also, of Pausias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2139_2139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2139_2139"><span class="label">2139</span></a> In pencil painting, and in encaustic.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2140_2140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2140_2140"><span class="label">2140</span></a> Probably the same painter that is mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2141_2141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2141_2141"><span class="label">2141</span></a> An effect for which Schalken is famous.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2142_2142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2142_2142"><span class="label">2142</span></a> “Shading his eyes.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2143_2143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2143_2143"><span class="label">2143</span></a> Son and pupil of Aglaopho, and brother of Polygnotus. He was -probably a native of Thasos.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2144_2144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2144_2144"><span class="label">2144</span></a> See Chapter 36, Note <a href="#Footnote_2029_2029">2029</a>, page 261.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2145_2145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2145_2145"><span class="label">2145</span></a> “Dolus.” An emblematical picture evidently, probably representing -the events just prior to the capture of Troy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2146_2146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2146_2146"><span class="label">2146</span></a> A famous diver, mentioned by Herodotus, B. viii. c. 8, Pausanias, -B. x. c. 19, and Strabo, B. ix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2147_2147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2147_2147"><span class="label">2147</span></a> Probably the wife of Seleucus, given by him to his son Antiochus. -See B. vii. c. 37, Note 1165.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2148_2148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2148_2148"><span class="label">2148</span></a> That they should rebuild the walls of Troy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2149_2149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2149_2149"><span class="label">2149</span></a> His contest with Corragus the Macedonian, whom he defeated, is -mentioned also by Ælian, Diodorus Siculus, Athenæus, and Quintus -Curtius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2150_2150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2150_2150"><span class="label">2150</span></a> Gained “without raising the dust,” <em>i.e.</em> without any difficulty.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2151_2151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2151_2151"><span class="label">2151</span></a> This is perhaps the meaning of “stemmata;” “heraldic pictures,” -probably. See Juvenal, Sat. viii. l. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2152_2152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2152_2152"><span class="label">2152</span></a> Suidas seems to mention him, under the name of “Ctesiochus,” as -the brother of Apelles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2153_2153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2153_2153"><span class="label">2153</span></a> Who was said to have been born from the thigh of Jove.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2154_2154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2154_2154"><span class="label">2154</span></a> Or cap; see Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_35">35</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2155_2155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2155_2155"><span class="label">2155</span></a> By Hercules, when he demanded Iole of her father Eurytus, king of -Œchalia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2156_2156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2156_2156"><span class="label">2156</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_2147_2147">2147</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2157_2157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2157_2157"><span class="label">2157</span></a> Several Cratini were distinguished as Comic writers, but we do not -read in any other author of any one of them being a painter. The reading -is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2158_2158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2158_2158"><span class="label">2158</span></a> A building at the entrance into Athens, whence the “pompæ,” or -solemn processions, set out.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2159_2159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2159_2159"><span class="label">2159</span></a> Hardouin thinks that this was the victory gained by Aratus of Sicyon -over Aristippus, the Tyrant of Argos. If so, Leontiscus must have flourished -about Olymp. 136.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2160_2160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2160_2160"><span class="label">2160</span></a> Caused by the anger of Juno. In this fit of insanity he slew his wife -Megara and her children.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2161_2161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2161_2161"><span class="label">2161</span></a> See also Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>. From Plutarch we learn that he was greatly in -favour with Aratus of Sicyon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2162_2162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2162_2162"><span class="label">2162</span></a> According to Brotero, a representation of the Ass and Crocodile was -found in the pictorial embellishments at Herculaneum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2163_2163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2163_2163"><span class="label">2163</span></a> See B. xvii. c. 36, B. xviii. c. 56, and B. xix. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2164_2164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2164_2164"><span class="label">2164</span></a> “Theodoras” in most of the editions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2165_2165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2165_2165"><span class="label">2165</span></a> See Chapter 36 of this Book, page <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2166_2166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2166_2166"><span class="label">2166</span></a> See the Æneid, B. II. c. 403, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2167_2167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2167_2167"><span class="label">2167</span></a> Poliorcetes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2168_2168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2168_2168"><span class="label">2168</span></a> A native of Samos, mentioned by Quintilian, B. xii. c. 10, as one of -the painters between the time of Philip and that of the successors of Alexander.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2169_2169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2169_2169"><span class="label">2169</span></a> After the murder of his mother.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2170_2170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2170_2170"><span class="label">2170</span></a> See B. vii. c. 57.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2171_2171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2171_2171"><span class="label">2171</span></a> Or player with the discus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2172_2172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2172_2172"><span class="label">2172</span></a> Against his brother Eteocles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2173_2173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2173_2173"><span class="label">2173</span></a> Who assisted Polynices in his siege of Thebes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2174_2174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2174_2174"><span class="label">2174</span></a> Helen, Castor, and Pollux.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2175_2175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2175_2175"><span class="label">2175</span></a> See B. vii. c. 37.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2176_2176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2176_2176"><span class="label">2176</span></a> Mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>, as having been commenced for the people -of Cos, but never finished.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2177_2177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2177_2177"><span class="label">2177</span></a> See B. xxxiv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_39">39</a>. Sillig is of opinion that the picture mentioned -by Pausanias, B. I. c. 1, in honour of Leosthenes, killed in the Lamina -War, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 323, was by this artist.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2178_2178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2178_2178"><span class="label">2178</span></a> Poliorcetes, who began to reign <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 306.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2179_2179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2179_2179"><span class="label">2179</span></a> Already mentioned in this Chapter, at greater length.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2180_2180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2180_2180"><span class="label">2180</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_40">40</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2181_2181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2181_2181"><span class="label">2181</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book, and the present Chapter. Of the greater -part of these artists nothing further is known.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2182_2182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2182_2182"><span class="label">2182</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_35">35</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2183_2183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2183_2183"><span class="label">2183</span></a> Previously mentioned in this Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2184_2184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2184_2184"><span class="label">2184</span></a> Or stylus—“cestrum.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2185_2185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2185_2185"><span class="label">2185</span></a> Probably the same painter as the one mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_37">37</a> of this -Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2186_2186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2186_2186"><span class="label">2186</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_39">39</a> of this Book. Pausias painted in wax with the cestrum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2187_2187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2187_2187"><span class="label">2187</span></a> Wornum is of opinion that this must have been a species of drawing -with a heated point, upon ivory, without the use of wax. Smith’s Dict. -Antiq. Art. <cite>Painting</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2188_2188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2188_2188"><span class="label">2188</span></a> This method, as Wornum remarks, though first employed on ships, -was not necessarily confined to ship-painting; and it must have been a -very different style of painting from the ship-colouring of Homer, since it -was of a later date even than the preceding methods.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2189_2189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2189_2189"><span class="label">2189</span></a> Though he says nothing here of the use of the “cauterium,” or process -of <em>burning in</em>, its employment may certainly be inferred from what he -has said in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_39">39</a>. Wornum is of opinion that the definition at the -beginning of this Chapter, of <em>two</em> methods apparently, “<em>in</em> wax and <em>on</em> ivory,” -is in reality an explanation of <em>one</em> method only, and that the ancient modes -of painting in encaustic were not only three, but several.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2190_2190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2190_2190"><span class="label">2190</span></a> Or Temple of the Nymphs. The daughter of Butades is called “Core” -by Athenagoras.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2191_2191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2191_2191"><span class="label">2191</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_3">3</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2192_2192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2192_2192"><span class="label">2192</span></a> Son of Philæus. He is mentioned by Pausanias, B. viii. c. 14, and -by Herodotus, B. iii. c. 60, as the architect of a fine temple at Samos, -and, with Smilis and Theodorus, of the Labyrinth at Lemnos.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2193_2193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2193_2193"><span class="label">2193</span></a> Mentioned also in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>. Pliny is in error here in using the -word “plastice;” for it was the art of casting brass, and not that of making -plaster casts, that these artists invented.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2194_2194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2194_2194"><span class="label">2194</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_5">5</a> of this Book. He is said by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, -B. iii., to have been a member of the family of the Bacchiadæ.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2195_2195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2195_2195"><span class="label">2195</span></a> A different person, probably, from the one of the same name mentioned -in B. vii. c. 56.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2196_2196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2196_2196"><span class="label">2196</span></a> Terra cotta figures.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2197_2197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2197_2197"><span class="label">2197</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>. Tatian mentions a statue of Melanippe by Lysistratus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2198_2198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2198_2198"><span class="label">2198</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2199_2199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2199_2199"><span class="label">2199</span></a> In the Eleventh Region of the City. This Temple of Ceres, Bacchus, -and Proserpine, in the Circus Maximus, was vowed by A. Posthumius, the -Dictator, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 258, and dedicated by the consul Cassius, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 261, -or <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 493.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2200_2200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2200_2200"><span class="label">2200</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_16">16</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2201_2201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2201_2201"><span class="label">2201</span></a> Sillig (Dict. Anc. Art.) is of opinion that this Chalcosthenes is not -identical with the artist of that name mentioned in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>; the -name “Ceramicus” probably being of far earlier origin than the formation -of the statues of Comedians.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2202_2202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2202_2202"><span class="label">2202</span></a> “Et.” The insertion of this word seems to militate against Sillig’s -position.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2203_2203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2203_2203"><span class="label">2203</span></a> The “Pottery.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2204_2204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2204_2204"><span class="label">2204</span></a> See also B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2205_2205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2205_2205"><span class="label">2205</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2206_2206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2206_2206"><span class="label">2206</span></a> “Crater.” A vase in which wine and water were mixed for drinking.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2207_2207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2207_2207"><span class="label">2207</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>, B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a>, and end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2208_2208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2208_2208"><span class="label">2208</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2209_2209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2209_2209"><span class="label">2209</span></a> In B. viii. c. 4, for instance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2210_2210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2210_2210"><span class="label">2210</span></a> The “Hercules fictilis.” It is mentioned by Martial, B. xiv. Ep. 178.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2211_2211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2211_2211"><span class="label">2211</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_2">2</a>, and B. xxxvii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_7">7</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_8">8</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2212_2212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2212_2212"><span class="label">2212</span></a> “Simpuvia.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2213_2213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2213_2213"><span class="label">2213</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 31.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2214_2214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2214_2214"><span class="label">2214</span></a> “Mammatis.” The exact meaning of this word is unknown. The -passage is evidently in a corrupt state.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2215_2215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2215_2215"><span class="label">2215</span></a> As to the Roman “Collegia,” see B. viii. c. 42, and B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_1">1</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2216_2216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2216_2216"><span class="label">2216</span></a> “Solia.”—The same name is given also to a kind of sitting or reclining-bath, -often mentioned by Pliny.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2217_2217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2217_2217"><span class="label">2217</span></a> Asia Minor.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2218_2218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2218_2218"><span class="label">2218</span></a> See B. iii. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2219_2219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2219_2219"><span class="label">2219</span></a> A service of three dishes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2220_2220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2220_2220"><span class="label">2220</span></a> See B. ix. c. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2221_2221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2221_2221"><span class="label">2221</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 24, 28, 74, 79.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2222_2222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2222_2222"><span class="label">2222</span></a> In B. x. c. 72.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2223_2223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2223_2223"><span class="label">2223</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_2211_2211">2211</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2224_2224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2224_2224"><span class="label">2224</span></a> See B. xxiii. c. 47, and the <a href="#Page_303">end</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2225_2225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2225_2225"><span class="label">2225</span></a> Martial speaks of this practice, B. iii. Epigr. 81.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2226_2226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2226_2226"><span class="label">2226</span></a> Nothing further seems to be known of this personage, or of the -grounds of his invective. Pliny may possibly allude to some abominable -practices, with which Vitellius is charged by Suetonius also.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2227_2227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2227_2227"><span class="label">2227</span></a> The “Opus Signinum” was a plaster or cement much used for making -pavements. It took its name from Signia, in Italy, celebrated for its tiles. -See B. iii. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2228_2228"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2228_2228"><span class="label">2228</span></a> The floors of the Roman houses were seldom boarded.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2229_2229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2229_2229"><span class="label">2229</span></a> “Pulvis.” See B. iii. c. 9, B. xvi. c. 76, and B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_14">14</a>. He -alludes to the cement made of volcanic ashes, now known as “Pozzuolane.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2230_2230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2230_2230"><span class="label">2230</span></a> See B. iv. c. 17.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2231_2231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2231_2231"><span class="label">2231</span></a> It being the practice to rub the bodies of the athletes with sand.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2232_2232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2232_2232"><span class="label">2232</span></a> This circumstance is mentioned also by Suetonius, in his life of Nero. -Patrobius was slain by order of the Emperor Galba.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2233_2233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2233_2233"><span class="label">2233</span></a> Ajasson says that they are called <em>tapias</em> at the present day in Spain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2234_2234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2234_2234"><span class="label">2234</span></a> See B. ii. c. 73.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2235_2235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2235_2235"><span class="label">2235</span></a> “Rubrica.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2236_2236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2236_2236"><span class="label">2236</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2237_2237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2237_2237"><span class="label">2237</span></a> Which was, as a measure, nearly three inches in breadth. See Introduction -to Vol. III.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2238_2238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2238_2238"><span class="label">2238</span></a> See B. v. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2239_2239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2239_2239"><span class="label">2239</span></a> Ajasson says that these bricks have been imitated by Fabroni, with a -light argillaceous earth, found in the territory of Sienna. Delafosse thinks -that a place called “Cala,” in the Sierra Morena, probably marks the site -of the cities above mentioned.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2240_2240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2240_2240"><span class="label">2240</span></a> See B. iv. c. 5, and B. xxxvi. c.<a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4"> 4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2241_2241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2241_2241"><span class="label">2241</span></a> “Gerusia.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2242_2242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2242_2242"><span class="label">2242</span></a> See B. iii. c. 19.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2243_2243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2243_2243"><span class="label">2243</span></a> In B. iii. c. 6.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2244_2244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2244_2244"><span class="label">2244</span></a> See B. xviii. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2245_2245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2245_2245"><span class="label">2245</span></a> “Untouched by fire.” Native sulphur.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2246_2246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2246_2246"><span class="label">2246</span></a> “Gleba.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2247_2247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2247_2247"><span class="label">2247</span></a> Sulphur has been always considered highly useful for the cure of -cutaneous affections.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2248_2248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2248_2248"><span class="label">2248</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἅρπαζω</span>, “to carry away.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2249_2249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2249_2249"><span class="label">2249</span></a> Ovid, in his “Art of Love,” speaks of purifying houses with eggs and -sulphur.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2250_2250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2250_2250"><span class="label">2250</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2251_2251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2251_2251"><span class="label">2251</span></a> There are three distinct kinds of bitumen. 1. Naphtha, also known -as petroleum, or rock-oil, inflammable, volatile, soluble in alcohol, and -found in France and Italy. 2. Asphalt, or bitumen of Judæa, solid, insoluble -in alcohol, and found in Lake Asphaltites in Syria, more particularly. -3. Pissasphalt, of a medium consistency between the other substances, -of which it appears to be composed. See B. xxiv. c. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2252_2252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2252_2252"><span class="label">2252</span></a> In B. v. c. 15.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2253_2253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2253_2253"><span class="label">2253</span></a> Naphtha, most probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2254_2254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2254_2254"><span class="label">2254</span></a> See B. xxiv. c. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2255_2255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2255_2255"><span class="label">2255</span></a> Chapter 109.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2256_2256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2256_2256"><span class="label">2256</span></a> As to the “nitrum” of Pliny, see B. xxxi. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2257_2257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2257_2257"><span class="label">2257</span></a> “Asphalt plaster,” probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2258_2258"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2258_2258"><span class="label">2258</span></a> Or mint. See B. xix. c. 47, and B. xx. c. 53.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2259_2259"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2259_2259"><span class="label">2259</span></a> See B. xxxii. c. 13.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2260_2260"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2260_2260"><span class="label">2260</span></a> In B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_9">9</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2261_2261"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2261_2261"><span class="label">2261</span></a> Beckmann is of opinion that our <em>alum</em> was not known to the Greeks -or Romans, and that what the latter called “alumen” was green vitriol, -or sulphate of the protoxide of iron, in an impure state. Hist. Inv. Vol. I. -p. 180. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite> Dr. Pereira remarks, however, that “there -can be little doubt that Pliny was acquainted with our alum, but did not -distinguish it from sulphate of iron, for he informs us that one kind of -alum was white, and was used for dyeing wool of bright colours.” Materia -Medica, Vol. I, Delafosse identifies the “alumen” of Pliny with double -sulphate of alum and iron.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2262_2262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2262_2262"><span class="label">2262</span></a> “Salsugo terræ.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2263_2263"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2263_2263"><span class="label">2263</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_2261_2261">2261</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2264_2264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2264_2264"><span class="label">2264</span></a> For gilding, Hardouin says.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2265_2265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2265_2265"><span class="label">2265</span></a> The Roman provinces in Africa, other than Egypt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2266_2266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2266_2266"><span class="label">2266</span></a> Now Strombolo. See B. iii. c. 14.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2267_2267"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2267_2267"><span class="label">2267</span></a> Herodotus, B. ii., mentions the fact that King Amasis sent the people -of Delphi a thousand talents of this substance, as his contribution towards -rebuilding their temple.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2268_2268"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2268_2268"><span class="label">2268</span></a> “Fruitful,” or “useful.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2269_2269"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2269_2269"><span class="label">2269</span></a> “Adulterated.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2270_2270"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2270_2270"><span class="label">2270</span></a> See B. xx. c. 71.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2271_2271"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2271_2271"><span class="label">2271</span></a> “Split” alum. Probably iron alum, the French <em>alum de plume</em>; of a -flaky, silky appearance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2272_2272"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2272_2272"><span class="label">2272</span></a> “Hairy alum.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2273_2273"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2273_2273"><span class="label">2273</span></a> See B. xxxiv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_2">2</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_29">29</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2274_2274"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2274_2274"><span class="label">2274</span></a> So called, according to Dioscorides, from the “round” form of the pieces.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2275_2275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2275_2275"><span class="label">2275</span></a> He has previously said that the most esteemed kind was the Egyptian, -that of Melos being the next best.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2276_2276"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2276_2276"><span class="label">2276</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Στυπτηρία</span>, the “styptic.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2277_2277"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2277_2277"><span class="label">2277</span></a> “Sero picis.” Hardouin is of opinion that under this name pisselæon -is intended. See B. xv. c. 7, B. xxiv. cc. 11, 24, and B. xxv. c. 22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2278_2278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2278_2278"><span class="label">2278</span></a> At the beginning of this Chapter in part.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2279_2279"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2279_2279"><span class="label">2279</span></a> Aluminous silicates, as Delafosse remarks, more or less combined with -other minerals. Though employed for various purposes in the arts, they -are now but little used in medicine.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2280_2280"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2280_2280"><span class="label">2280</span></a> Probably because it was the more extensively employed of the two, -in “collyria,” or compositions for the eyes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2281_2281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2281_2281"><span class="label">2281</span></a> “Star” earth, apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2282_2282"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2282_2282"><span class="label">2282</span></a> From Eretria, in Eubœa. See B. iv. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2283_2283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2283_2283"><span class="label">2283</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_21">21</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2284_2284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2284_2284"><span class="label">2284</span></a> It appears to be a matter of doubt whether it was found at Selinus, -in Sicily, or the place of that name in Cilicia. See B. iii. c. 14, and B. v. -c. 22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2285_2285"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2285_2285"><span class="label">2285</span></a> Agricola is of opinion that this earth had its name from the place -called Pnigeum, in the Libyan Mareotis. Other commentators would have -it to be derived from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">πνίγω</span>, “to suffocate,” such being its effect if taken -internally.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2286_2286"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2286_2286"><span class="label">2286</span></a> See the next Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2287_2287"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2287_2287"><span class="label">2287</span></a> So called from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἀμπέλος</span>, a “vine;” either because it was applied to -vines to kill the insects, or because its admixture with the soil was favourable -to the cultivation of the vine.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2288_2288"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2288_2288"><span class="label">2288</span></a> “Washes for beautifying the eye-brows.” See B. xxi. c. 73, B. xxiii. -c. 51, and B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_34">34</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2289_2289"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2289_2289"><span class="label">2289</span></a> Cimolian earth, known in modern chemistry as Cimolite, is not a -cretaceous earth, but an aluminous silicate, still found in the island of -Kimoli, or Argentiera, one of the Cyclades; See B. iv. c. 23. Tournefort -describes it as a white chalk, very heavy, tasteless, and dissolving in -water. It is found also at Alexandrowsk in Russia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2290_2290"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2290_2290"><span class="label">2290</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_25">25</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2291_2291"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2291_2291"><span class="label">2291</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2292_2292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2292_2292"><span class="label">2292</span></a> See B. xii. c. 51.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2293_2293"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2293_2293"><span class="label">2293</span></a> See B. v. c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2294_2294"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2294_2294"><span class="label">2294</span></a> Beckmann thinks that this may have been our common chalk. -Vol. II. p. 105.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2295_2295"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2295_2295"><span class="label">2295</span></a> This <em>seems</em> to be the meaning of “crescit in macerando.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2296_2296"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2296_2296"><span class="label">2296</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 535, it is supposed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2297_2297"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2297_2297"><span class="label">2297</span></a> As a plebiscitum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2298_2298"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2298_2298"><span class="label">2298</span></a> “Desquamatur.” This is most probably the meaning of the word, -though Beckmann observes “that it was undoubtedly a term of art, which -cannot be further explained, because we are unacquainted with the operation -to which it alludes.”—Vol II. p. 104. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2299_2299"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2299_2299"><span class="label">2299</span></a> “Funditur sulphure.” The meaning of these words is very doubtful. -Beckmann proposes to read “offenditur,” but he is not supported -by any of the MSS. He has evidently mistaken the meaning of the -whole passage.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2300_2300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2300_2300"><span class="label">2300</span></a> Probably because it was too calcareous, Beckmann thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2301_2301"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2301_2301"><span class="label">2301</span></a> See B. iv. c. 3, and B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_59">59</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2302_2302"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2302_2302"><span class="label">2302</span></a> Plate powder; from “argentum,” “silver.” See B. xvii. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2303_2303"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2303_2303"><span class="label">2303</span></a> Whitening, or chalk washed and prepared, is still used for this purpose.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2304_2304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2304_2304"><span class="label">2304</span></a> The goal for the chariots.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2305_2305"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2305_2305"><span class="label">2305</span></a> This reading is restored by Sillig from the Bamberg MS., but no -particulars are known relative to the person alluded to; unless, indeed, -as Sillig suspects to be the case, he is identical with Publius Syrus, the -writer of mimes, mentioned in B. viii. c. 77.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2306_2306"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2306_2306"><span class="label">2306</span></a> Supposed by some to have been the Manilius who was author of the -poem called “Astronomica,” still in existence. It is more probable, however, -that he was the father of the poet, or perhaps the grandfather; as it -is clear from a passage in Suetonius, that Staberius Eros taught at Rome -during the civil wars of Sylla, while the poem must have been written, in -part at least, after the death of Augustus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2307_2307"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2307_2307"><span class="label">2307</span></a> Being afterwards manumitted. Sillig thinks that they may have -arrived in Rome about <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 90.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2308_2308"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2308_2308"><span class="label">2308</span></a> “Catasta.” A raised platform of wood on which the slaves were -exposed for sale.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2309_2309"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2309_2309"><span class="label">2309</span></a> “Rectorem.” For an explanation of this allusion, see B. xxviii. c. 14.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2310_2310"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2310_2310"><span class="label">2310</span></a> A native of Gadara in Syria, according to Josephus. Seneca speaks of -him as being more wealthy than his master.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2311_2311"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2311_2311"><span class="label">2311</span></a> Or Menodorus, who deserted Sextus Pompeius and went over to -Octavianus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2312_2312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2312_2312"><span class="label">2312</span></a> Who remained faithful to Pompeius, and died in his cause.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2313_2313"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2313_2313"><span class="label">2313</span></a> He is probably speaking in reference to her paramour, the freedman -Pallas. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_47">47</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2314_2314"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2314_2314"><span class="label">2314</span></a> As to the earths of Galata and Clypea, see B. v. c. 7. The others are -mentioned in B. iii. c. 11.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2315_2315"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2315_2315"><span class="label">2315</span></a> See end of B. ix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2316_2316"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2316_2316"><span class="label">2316</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_56">xxxiv</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2317_2317"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2317_2317"><span class="label">2317</span></a> See end of B. viii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2318_2318"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2318_2318"><span class="label">2318</span></a> See end of Books vii. and xiv.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2319_2319"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2319_2319"><span class="label">2319</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2320_2320"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2320_2320"><span class="label">2320</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2321_2321"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2321_2321"><span class="label">2321</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2322_2322"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2322_2322"><span class="label">2322</span></a> See end of B. x.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2323_2323"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2323_2323"><span class="label">2323</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2324_2324"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2324_2324"><span class="label">2324</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2325_2325"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2325_2325"><span class="label">2325</span></a> See end of B. xvi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2326_2326"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2326_2326"><span class="label">2326</span></a> A native of Longula in Latium. Though of dissolute character, he -was famous as an orator and satirical writer. It was he who accused -Nonius Asprenas of poisoning, as mentioned in Chapter 46 of this Book. -He died in exile at the island of Seriphos, about <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 33. His works were -at first proscribed, but were afterwards permitted by Caligula to be read.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2327_2327"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2327_2327"><span class="label">2327</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2328_2328"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2328_2328"><span class="label">2328</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_58">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2329_2329"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2329_2329"><span class="label">2329</span></a> The painter, mentioned at great length in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book, -and elsewhere.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2330_2330"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2330_2330"><span class="label">2330</span></a> A painter of Sicyon, mentioned in Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_32">32</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2331_2331"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2331_2331"><span class="label">2331</span></a> Probably the painter of that name, mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a> of this -Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2332_2332"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2332_2332"><span class="label">2332</span></a> The artist mentioned in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>, and in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> of the -present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2333_2333"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2333_2333"><span class="label">2333</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_58">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2334_2334"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2334_2334"><span class="label">2334</span></a> Possibly the painter of that name, mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a> of this -Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2335_2335"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2335_2335"><span class="label">2335</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2336_2336"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2336_2336"><span class="label">2336</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2337_2337"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2337_2337"><span class="label">2337</span></a> See end of B. xxx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2338_2338"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2338_2338"><span class="label">2338</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2339_2339"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2339_2339"><span class="label">2339</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2340_2340"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2340_2340"><span class="label">2340</span></a> See end of Books iv., viii., xi., and xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2341_2341"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2341_2341"><span class="label">2341</span></a> See end of B. xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2342_2342"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2342_2342"><span class="label">2342</span></a> See end of Books iv. and xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2343_2343"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2343_2343"><span class="label">2343</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2344_2344"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2344_2344"><span class="label">2344</span></a> See end of B. xiii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2345_2345"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2345_2345"><span class="label">2345</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2346_2346"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2346_2346"><span class="label">2346</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2347_2347"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2347_2347"><span class="label">2347</span></a> See end of B. xxix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2348_2348"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2348_2348"><span class="label">2348</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2349_2349"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2349_2349"><span class="label">2349</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2350_2350"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2350_2350"><span class="label">2350</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_58">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2351_2351"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2351_2351"><span class="label">2351</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_58">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2352_2352"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2352_2352"><span class="label">2352</span></a> See B. xxxvii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_7">7</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_8">8</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2353_2353"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2353_2353"><span class="label">2353</span></a> See the lines of Juvenal, Sat. x. l. 151, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2354_2354"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2354_2354"><span class="label">2354</span></a> He alludes to vessels made of crystal, which, as Dalechamps remarks, -was long supposed to be nothing but ice in a concrete form. See B. xxxvii. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_9">9</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2355_2355"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2355_2355"><span class="label">2355</span></a> See B. viii. c. 82.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2356_2356"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2356_2356"><span class="label">2356</span></a> “Glandia.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2357_2357"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2357_2357"><span class="label">2357</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">24</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2358_2358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2358_2358"><span class="label">2358</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_8">8</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2359_2359"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2359_2359"><span class="label">2359</span></a> In the Eleventh Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2360_2360"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2360_2360"><span class="label">2360</span></a> See B. xxxv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_43">43</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2361_2361"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2361_2361"><span class="label">2361</span></a> See B. xvii. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2362_2362"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2362_2362"><span class="label">2362</span></a> These two artists are invariably mentioned together. Pausanias, B. -ii. c. 14, and B. iii. c. 17, speaks or them as the pupils or sons of Dædalus; -only intimating thereby, as Sillig thinks, that they were the first -sculptors worthy of being associated with the father of artists. Pausanias, -B. ii. c. 22, mentions ebony statues by them.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2363_2363"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2363_2363"><span class="label">2363</span></a> In the time of the Telchines, before the arrival of Inachus in Argolis.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2364_2364"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2364_2364"><span class="label">2364</span></a> Pausanias says that this statue was completed by their pupils. Clemens -Alexandrinus mentions other works of theirs.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2365_2365"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2365_2365"><span class="label">2365</span></a> Another reading is “Anthermus.” Of many of these sculptors, no -further particulars are known.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2366_2366"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2366_2366"><span class="label">2366</span></a> Another cause of the quarrel is said to have been the refusal of Bupalus -to give his daughter in marriage to Hipponax. This quarrel is referred -to in the Greek Anthology, B. iii. Epigr. 26.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2367_2367"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2367_2367"><span class="label">2367</span></a> See B. xiv. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2368_2368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2368_2368"><span class="label">2368</span></a> See B. iv. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2369_2369"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2369_2369"><span class="label">2369</span></a> Dedicated by Augustus, in the Tenth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2370_2370"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2370_2370"><span class="label">2370</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Λύχνος</span> being the Greek for a “lamp.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2371_2371"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2371_2371"><span class="label">2371</span></a> See B. iii. c. 8: now known as the marble of Massa and Carrara, of -a bluish white, and a very fine grain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2372_2372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2372_2372"><span class="label">2372</span></a> A similar case has been cited, in the figure of St. Jerome, to be seen -on a stone in the Grotto of Our Saviour at Bethlehem, and in a representation -of the Crucifixion, in the Church of St. George, at Venice. A miniature -resembling that of the poet Chaucer is to be seen on the surface of -a small stone in the British Museum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2373_2373"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2373_2373"><span class="label">2373</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_44">44</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2374_2374"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2374_2374"><span class="label">2374</span></a> See B. xxxv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_37">37</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2375_2375"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2375_2375"><span class="label">2375</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2376_2376"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2376_2376"><span class="label">2376</span></a> “In the Gardens.” A suburb of Athens, in which there was a temple -of Venus, or Aphrodite Urania.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2377_2377"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2377_2377"><span class="label">2377</span></a> He is mentioned also by Pausanias and Strabo.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2378_2378"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2378_2378"><span class="label">2378</span></a> The Goddess of Retribution. Pausanias, B. i. c. 33, says that it -was the work of Phidias, and that it was made of Parian marble, which -the Persians had brought into Attica for the purpose of erecting a trophy. -Strabo, however, in B. ix., says that it was the work of Agoracritus and -Diodotus (an artist otherwise unknown), and that it was not at all inferior -to the production of Phidias. Tzetzes again, Suidas, and Photius, say -that it was the work of Phidias, and that it was presented by him to his -favourite pupil, Agoracritus. Sillig rejects the story of the contest, and -the decision by the suffrages of the Athenian people. Some modern -writers have doubted also, whether a statue of Venus could be modified so -as to represent Nemesis; but not with sufficient reason, Sillig thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2379_2379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2379_2379"><span class="label">2379</span></a> See B. iv. c. 11.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2380_2380"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2380_2380"><span class="label">2380</span></a> A statue, Sillig supposes, of the goddess Cybele.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2381_2381"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2381_2381"><span class="label">2381</span></a> “Pandoras Genesis.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2382_2382"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2382_2382"><span class="label">2382</span></a> Sillig is of opinion that this passage is corrupt, and is inclined to -think, with Panofka, that the reading should be “nascenti adstantes,”—gods -“standing by the new-born” Pandora.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2383_2383"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2383_2383"><span class="label">2383</span></a> In B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2384_2384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2384_2384"><span class="label">2384</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2385_2385"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2385_2385"><span class="label">2385</span></a> “Velatâ specie.” There has been much discussion about the meaning -of these words; and Sillig is of opinion that the figure was represented -draped in a garment, which, while it seemed designed to hide the -person, really exposed it to view. This dress would not improbably recommend -it additionally to the inhabitants of Cos, who were skilled in -making the <em>Coæ vestes</em>, garments which, while they covered the body, revealed -its naked charms. See further mention of them in B. ix. c. 26.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2386_2386"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2386_2386"><span class="label">2386</span></a> Visconti thinks that a statue still preserved in the Royal Museum at -Paris, is a copy of the Coan Venus. It has, however, a figure of Cupid -associated with it, which, as Sillig observes, militates against the supposition.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2387_2387"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2387_2387"><span class="label">2387</span></a> The ancient writers abound in praises of this wonderful statue. -Lucian, however, has given the most complete and artistic description of -it. It was supposed by the ancients, to represent Venus as standing before -Paris, when he awarded to her the prize of beauty; but it has been -well remarked, that the drapery in the right hand, and the vase by the -side of the figure, indicate that she has either just left or is about to enter -the bath. The artist modelled it from Phryne, a courtesan or hetæra of -Athens, of whom he was greatly enamoured. It was ultimately carried -to Constantinople, where it perished by fire in the reign of Justinian. It -is doubtful whether there are any copies of it in existence. There is, -however, a so-called copy in the gardens of the Vatican, and another in -the Glyptothek, at Munich. A Venus in the Museo Pio-Clementino, at -Rome, is considered by Visconti and others to have been a copy of the -Cnidian Venus, with the addition of drapery. It is supposed that Cleomenes, -in making the Venus de Medici, imitated the Cnidian Venus in -some degree.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2388_2388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2388_2388"><span class="label">2388</span></a> There are numerous Epigrams in reference to this statue in the Greek -Anthology; the most striking line in any of which is the beautiful Pentameter:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line"><span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Φεῦ! φεῦ! ποῦ γυμνὴν εἶδε με Πραξιτέλης</span>;</div> -</div></div></div> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“Alas! where has Praxiteles me naked seen?”</div> -</div></div></div> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2389_2389"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2389_2389"><span class="label">2389</span></a> Lucian, Valerius Maximus, and Athenæus, tell the same improbable -story, borrowing it from Posidippus the historian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2390_2390"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2390_2390"><span class="label">2390</span></a> Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2391_2391"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2391_2391"><span class="label">2391</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2392_2392"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2392_2392"><span class="label">2392</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2393_2393"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2393_2393"><span class="label">2393</span></a> Pliny is mistaken here: for in the time of Cicero, as we find in Verr. -4, 2, 4, the Thespian Cupid was still at Thespiæ, in Bœotia, where it had -been dedicated by Phryne, and was not removed to Rome till the time of -the emperors. It was the Parian Cupid, originally made for the people of -Parium, that, after coming into the possession of Heius, a rich Sicilian, -was forcibly taken from him by Verres.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2394_2394"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2394_2394"><span class="label">2394</span></a> Where it was destroyed by fire in the reign of Titus. See B. xxxiv. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2395_2395"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2395_2395"><span class="label">2395</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2396_2396"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2396_2396"><span class="label">2396</span></a> Frantic Bacchantes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2397_2397"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2397_2397"><span class="label">2397</span></a> Sacrificing Bacchantes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2398_2398"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2398_2398"><span class="label">2398</span></a> The name given in architecture to figures of females employed as -columns in edifices. The Spartans, on taking the city of Carya, in Laconia, -massacred the male inhabitants, and condemned the females to the -most bitter servitude, as “hewers of wood and drawers of water.” Hence -the memorials of their servitude thus perpetuated in architecture.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2399_2399"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2399_2399"><span class="label">2399</span></a> Or companions of Bacchus. See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_36">36</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2400_2400"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2400_2400"><span class="label">2400</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2401_2401"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2401_2401"><span class="label">2401</span></a> “Symplegma.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2402_2402"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2402_2402"><span class="label">2402</span></a> Also mentioned in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2403_2403"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2403_2403"><span class="label">2403</span></a> Pausanias, B. I., speaks of <em>three</em> figures sculptured by Scopas; Erôs, -Himeros, and Pothos. It is doubtful, however, whether they are identical -with those here spoken of.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2404_2404"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2404_2404"><span class="label">2404</span></a> Or “Desire.” The name of “Phaëthon” is added in most of the -editions, but Sillig rejects it as either a gloss, or a corruption of some -other name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2405_2405"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2405_2405"><span class="label">2405</span></a> “Campteras.” This, which is probably the true reading, has been -restored by Sillig from the Bamberg MS. The <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">καμπτὴρ</span> was the bend or -turning, round the goal in the race-course for chariots; and as Vesta was -symbolical of the earth, these figures, Sillig thinks, probably represented -the poles, as goals of the sun’s course.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2406_2406"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2406_2406"><span class="label">2406</span></a> Figures of Virgins, carrying on their heads baskets filled with objects -consecrated to Minerva.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2407_2407"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2407_2407"><span class="label">2407</span></a> Dedicated to Neptune by Cneius Domitius Ahenobarbus, in the Ninth -Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2408_2408"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2408_2408"><span class="label">2408</span></a> “Et” appears a preferable reading to the “aut” of the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2409_2409"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2409_2409"><span class="label">2409</span></a> “Hippocampi.” It is pretty clear that by this name he cannot mean -the small fish so called in B. xxxii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_21">20</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_23">23</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_27">27</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_30">30</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_35">35</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_38">38</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_50">50</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a>, -and alluded to in B. ix. c. 1; the Syngnathus hippocampus of Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2410_2410"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2410_2410"><span class="label">2410</span></a> A sea-divinity.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2411_2411"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2411_2411"><span class="label">2411</span></a> “Pistrices.” See B. ix. cc. 2, 3, 15.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2412_2412"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2412_2412"><span class="label">2412</span></a> Conqueror of Callæcia. See B. iv. c. 35. This temple was dedicated -to Mars.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2413_2413"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2413_2413"><span class="label">2413</span></a> A statue of Apollo, Hardouin thinks, which was originally brought -from Seleucia by C. Sosius, the quæstor of M. Lepidus. See B. xiii. c. 5.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2414_2414"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2414_2414"><span class="label">2414</span></a> Ajasson says that this work is identical with the group representing -Niobe and her children, now at Florence. It was found in 1535, or, as -some say, 1583, near the Lateran Gate at Rome; upon which, it was -bought by Ferdinand de Medici, and placed in the park of one of his -villas. More recently, the Emperor Leopold purchased it, and had it removed -to Florence.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2415_2415"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2415_2415"><span class="label">2415</span></a> The Temple of Janus, in the Eighth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2416_2416"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2416_2416"><span class="label">2416</span></a> Probably by neither of them, as Janus was essentially an Italian Divinity. -See Ovid’s Fasti, B. I.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2417_2417"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2417_2417"><span class="label">2417</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2418_2418"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2418_2418"><span class="label">2418</span></a> A large upper garment, reaching to the ankles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2419_2419"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2419_2419"><span class="label">2419</span></a> Both Liber and Libera were originally Italian Divinities, who presided -over the vine and the fields. Pliny, however, always identifies the -former with Bacchus, and other writers the latter with Persephone, or -Proserpina, the daughter of Demeter or Ceres. Ovid, Fasti, B. iii. l. 512, -calls Ariadne, “Libera.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2420_2420"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2420_2420"><span class="label">2420</span></a> See B. xvi. c. 76.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2421_2421"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2421_2421"><span class="label">2421</span></a> A disciple of Marsyas, and a famous player on the flute. See p. <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2422_2422"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2422_2422"><span class="label">2422</span></a> All these figures have been found copied in the frescoes of Herculaneum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2423_2423"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2423_2423"><span class="label">2423</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2424_2424"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2424_2424"><span class="label">2424</span></a> It is doubtful whether this is the same artist that is mentioned in B. -xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2425_2425"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2425_2425"><span class="label">2425</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2426_2426"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2426_2426"><span class="label">2426</span></a> Hence, too, the use of the word “Mausoleum,” as meaning a splendid -tomb.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2427_2427"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2427_2427"><span class="label">2427</span></a> He means, probably, the extent of the colonnade or screen which -surrounded it. The Mausoleum was erected at Halicarnassus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2428_2428"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2428_2428"><span class="label">2428</span></a> Facing east and west.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2429_2429"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2429_2429"><span class="label">2429</span></a> Or “wing.” The “ptera,” or “pteromata,” properly speaking, were -the two wings at the sides of a building. See Note <a href="#Footnote_2431_2431">2431</a> below.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2430_2430"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2430_2430"><span class="label">2430</span></a> She only survived her husband two years.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2431_2431"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2431_2431"><span class="label">2431</span></a> Another reading, and perhaps a preferable one, is “one hundred” feet. -The account given by Pliny is very confused, and Littré has taken some -pains to explain the construction of this building. He is of opinion that -in the first place, a quadrangular main building was erected, 63 feet in -length on the north and south, the breadth of the east and west faces -being shorter, some 42 feet perhaps. Secondly, that there was a screen of -36 columns surrounding the main building, and 411 feet in circumference. -(He adopts this reading in preference to the 440 feet of the Bamberg MS.) -That the longer sides of this screen were 113.25 feet in extent, and the -shorter 92.125 feet. That between the main building and this screen, or -colonnade, there was an interval of 25.125 feet. Thirdly, that the colonnade -and the main buildings were united by a vaulted roof, and that this -union formed the “Pteron.” Fourthly, that rising from this Pteron, -there was a quadrangular truncated pyramid, formed of twenty-four steps, -and surmounted with a chariot of marble. This would allow, speaking in -round numbers, 37½ feet for the height of the main body of the building, -37½ feet for the pyramid, and twenty-five feet for the height of the chariot -and the figure which it doubtless contained.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2432_2432"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2432_2432"><span class="label">2432</span></a> Supposed to be the person alluded to by Horace, 1 Sat. 3, 90.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2433_2433"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2433_2433"><span class="label">2433</span></a> He is mentioned also by Tatian, and is supposed to have lived about -the time of Alexander the Great.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2434_2434"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2434_2434"><span class="label">2434</span></a> “Charites.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2435_2435"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2435_2435"><span class="label">2435</span></a> “Porch,” or “Vestibule” of the Citadel at Athens.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2436_2436"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2436_2436"><span class="label">2436</span></a> Mentioned in B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a>. The present Socrates is identified by -Pausanias, B. i. c. 22, and B. ix. c. 25, and by Diogenes Laertius, B. ii. -c. 19, with the great Athenian philosopher of that name, son of the statuary -Sophroniscus: but the question as to his identity is very doubtful. Diogenes -Laertius adds, that whereas artists had previously represented the Graces -naked, Socrates sculptured them with drapery.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2437_2437"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2437_2437"><span class="label">2437</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2438_2438"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2438_2438"><span class="label">2438</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2439_2439"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2439_2439"><span class="label">2439</span></a> Or Muses of Thespiæ, in Bœotia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2440_2440"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2440_2440"><span class="label">2440</span></a> There have been several distinguished sculptors, all of this name. -A statuary, son of Apollodorus the Athenian, made the celebrated Venus -de Medici. It is the opinion of Visconti and Thiersch, that the artist here -mentioned flourished before the destruction of Corinth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2441_2441"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2441_2441"><span class="label">2441</span></a> This name is doubtful, and nothing is known relative to the artist.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2442_2442"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2442_2442"><span class="label">2442</span></a> “Hippiades” is the old reading, which Dalechamps considers to -mean “Amazons.” The Appiades were Nymphs of the Appian Spring, -near the temple of Venus Genetrix, in the Forum of Julius Cæsar. See -Ovid, Art. Am. B. i. l. 81, and B. iii. l. 451; and Rem. Am. l. 659.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2443_2443"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2443_2443"><span class="label">2443</span></a> From an inscription on a statue still extant, he is supposed to have -been a pupil of Pasiteles, and consequently to have flourished about <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2444_2444"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2444_2444"><span class="label">2444</span></a> Figures in which the form and attributes of Hermes, or Mercury, and -Eros, or Cupid, were combined, Hardouin thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2445_2445"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2445_2445"><span class="label">2445</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2446_2446"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2446_2446"><span class="label">2446</span></a> In Caria: see B. v. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2447_2447"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2447_2447"><span class="label">2447</span></a> Or “Xenias”—“Presiding over hospitality,” or “Protector of strangers.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2448_2448"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2448_2448"><span class="label">2448</span></a> The story was, that Zethus and Amphion bound Dirce, queen of -Thebes, to the flanks of an infuriated bull, in revenge for the death of -their mother, Antiope, who had been similarly slain by her. This group -is supposed still to exist, in part, in the “Farnese Bull,” which has been -in a great measure restored. Winckelmann is of opinion, however, that -the Farnese Bull is of anterior date to that here mentioned, and that it -belongs to the school of Lysippus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2449_2449"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2449_2449"><span class="label">2449</span></a> Probably a native of Rhodes. No further particulars of this artist -appear to be known.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2450_2450"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2450_2450"><span class="label">2450</span></a> Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2451_2451"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2451_2451"><span class="label">2451</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2452_2452"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2452_2452"><span class="label">2452</span></a> A different person, probably, from the painter, mentioned in B. xxxv. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_40">40</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2453_2453"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2453_2453"><span class="label">2453</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2454_2454"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2454_2454"><span class="label">2454</span></a> Supposed by Sillig not to be the early statuary of Argos of that name, -who flourished, probably, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 476.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2455_2455"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2455_2455"><span class="label">2455</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2456_2456"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2456_2456"><span class="label">2456</span></a> “Pasiteles” would appear to be a preferable reading; for Pliny would -surely have devoted more space to a description of these works of Praxiteles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2457_2457"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2457_2457"><span class="label">2457</span></a> The same artist that is previously mentioned, Sillig thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2458_2458"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2458_2458"><span class="label">2458</span></a> Of Jupiter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2459_2459"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2459_2459"><span class="label">2459</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2460_2460"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2460_2460"><span class="label">2460</span></a> “Symplegma.” See Note <a href="#Footnote_2401_2401">2401</a>, page 314.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2461_2461"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2461_2461"><span class="label">2461</span></a> The first being in a stooping posture, washing herself.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2462_2462"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2462_2462"><span class="label">2462</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_55">55</a>, and B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_18">18</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2463_2463"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2463_2463"><span class="label">2463</span></a> A sculptor of the age of Alexander the Great. He is also mentioned -by Tatian. For an account of Callisthenes, see end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2464_2464"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2464_2464"><span class="label">2464</span></a> Winckelmann supposes that these artists lived in the time of Lysippus; -but, as may be discovered from an attentive examination of the -present passage, Lessing and Thiersch are probably right in considering -them to have been contemporaries of the Emperor Titus. This group is -generally supposed to have been identical with the Laocoön still to be seen -in the Court of the Belvedere, in the Vatican at Rome; having been -found, in 1506, in a vault beneath the spot known as the Place <em>de Sette -Sale</em>, by Felix de Fredi, who surrendered it, in consideration of a pension, -to Pope Julius II. The group, however, is not made of a <em>single</em> block, -which has caused some to doubt its identity: but it is not improbable, that -when originally made, its joints were not perceptible to a common observer. -The spot, too, where it was found was actually part of the palace -of Titus. It is most probable that the artists had the beautiful episode -of Laocoön in view, as penned by Virgil, Æn. B. II.; though Ajasson -doubts whether they derived any inspiration from it. Laocoön, in the -sublime expression of his countenance, is doing any thing, he says, but—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“Clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit.”</div> -</div></div></div> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“Sending dire outcries to the stars of heaven.”</div> -</div></div></div> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2465_2465"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2465_2465"><span class="label">2465</span></a> This was an ancient and hideous idol, probably. Plato, Diodorus -Siculus, Plautus, Lactantius, Arnobius, and Isidorus, all concur in saying -that it was Saturn in honour of whom human victims were immolated.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2466_2466"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2466_2466"><span class="label">2466</span></a> “Ad Nationes.” A portico built by Augustus, and adorned with -statues representing various nations.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2467_2467"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2467_2467"><span class="label">2467</span></a> “Thespiades.” They were brought by Mummius from Thespiæ, in -Bœotia. See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>, and Note <a href="#Footnote_2439_2439">2439</a>, above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2468_2468"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2468_2468"><span class="label">2468</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>, and <a href="#Page_143">end</a> of B. xxxiii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2469_2469"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2469_2469"><span class="label">2469</span></a> Magna Græcia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2470_2470"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2470_2470"><span class="label">2470</span></a> Built by Metellus Macedonicus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2471_2471"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2471_2471"><span class="label">2471</span></a> “Navalia.” This was the name of certain docks at Rome, where -ships were built, laid up, and refitted. They were attached to the Emporium, -without the Trigeminian Gate, and were connected with the Tiber.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2472_2472"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2472_2472"><span class="label">2472</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2473_2473"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2473_2473"><span class="label">2473</span></a> In the Ninth Region of the City. These figures are mentioned also -by Suetonius, C. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2474_2474"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2474_2474"><span class="label">2474</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_18">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2475_2475"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2475_2475"><span class="label">2475</span></a> A singular combination of names, as they mean “Lizard” and -“Frog.” No further particulars of these artists are known, but they appear -to have lived in the time of Pompey.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2476_2476"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2476_2476"><span class="label">2476</span></a> Of Juno and Apollo.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2477_2477"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2477_2477"><span class="label">2477</span></a> “Spiræ.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_56">56</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2478_2478"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2478_2478"><span class="label">2478</span></a> Winckelmann, in Vol. II. p. 269, of the <cite>Monumenti Antichi ined.</cite>, -gives the chapiter of an Ionic column, belonging to the church of San -Lorenzo, without the walls, at Rome, on the volutes of which are represented -a frog and a lizard.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2479_2479"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2479_2479"><span class="label">2479</span></a> The old reading is adopted here, in preference to that of the Bamberg -MS., which does not appear reconcileable to sense in saying that <em>this</em> -temple of Jupiter was originally made in honour of Juno; for in <em>such case</em> -there could be no mistake in introducing the emblems of female worship.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2480_2480"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2480_2480"><span class="label">2480</span></a> A sculptor of Miletus. See B. vii. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2481_2481"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2481_2481"><span class="label">2481</span></a> A Lacedæmonian artist. See B. vii. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2482_2482"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2482_2482"><span class="label">2482</span></a> As well as that of Paros.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2483_2483"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2483_2483"><span class="label">2483</span></a> Only completed in the time of the Emperor Adrian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2484_2484"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2484_2484"><span class="label">2484</span></a> Cebriones, the charioteer of Hector. See Il. B. xvi. l. 735.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2485_2485"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2485_2485"><span class="label">2485</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_23">23</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2486_2486"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2486_2486"><span class="label">2486</span></a> This is generally explained as meaning ordinary stone, but covered -with elaborate paintings, as was then the practice in the magnificent villas -that were built at Tibur, the modern Tivoli. See, however, Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_48">48</a>, -and Note <a href="#Footnote_2784_2784">2784</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2487_2487"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2487_2487"><span class="label">2487</span></a> As applied to the decorations of the walls of houses.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2488_2488"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2488_2488"><span class="label">2488</span></a> This date does not agree with that given to Scopas, one of the artists -who worked at the Mausoleum, in the early part of B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>. Sillig, -however, is inclined to think that there were <em>two</em> artists named Scopas, -and would thus account for the diversity of about seventy years between -the dates.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2489_2489"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2489_2489"><span class="label">2489</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2490_2490"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2490_2490"><span class="label">2490</span></a> Owing to the liberality of Cæsar, he amassed great riches. He is -repeatedly attacked by Catullus (Carm. xxix., xliii., lvii.), and accused of -extortion, and other vices. Horace also speaks of him in terms of ridicule, -I Sat. 5, 37.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2491_2491"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2491_2491"><span class="label">2491</span></a> See B. iv. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2492_2492"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2492_2492"><span class="label">2492</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2493_2493"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2493_2493"><span class="label">2493</span></a> The black marbles, Ajasson remarks, are comparatively rare. He is -of opinion that the colour of the Lucullan marble was the <em>noir antique</em> of -the French, and says that it is to be found at Bergamo, Carrara, Prato in -Tuscany, and near Spa in Belgium.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2494_2494"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2494_2494"><span class="label">2494</span></a> “Chios” is another reading.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2495_2495"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2495_2495"><span class="label">2495</span></a> “Thundering Jupiter.” This temple was built by Augustus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2496_2496"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2496_2496"><span class="label">2496</span></a> Ajasson says that his remarks on the choice of the sand for this purpose, -are very judicious.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2497_2497"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2497_2497"><span class="label">2497</span></a> A recommendation worse than useless, Ajasson remarks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2498_2498"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2498_2498"><span class="label">2498</span></a> For this purpose, at the present day, granular corindon, or yellow -emery, is used, as also a mixture composed of the oxides of lead and of -tin; the substance being repeatedly moistened when applied.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2499_2499"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2499_2499"><span class="label">2499</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_13">13</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_43">43</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2500_2500"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2500_2500"><span class="label">2500</span></a> A city in Crete where the stone was prepared for use.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2501_2501"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2501_2501"><span class="label">2501</span></a> “Cotes.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2502_2502"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2502_2502"><span class="label">2502</span></a> Books III. IV. V. and VI.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2503_2503"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2503_2503"><span class="label">2503</span></a> The modern Ophite, both Noble, Serpentine, and Common.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2504_2504"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2504_2504"><span class="label">2504</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ὄφις</span>, a “serpent.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2505_2505"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2505_2505"><span class="label">2505</span></a> This would appear to be a kind of Apatite, or Augustite, found in -crystalline rocks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2506_2506"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2506_2506"><span class="label">2506</span></a> A superstition, owing solely to the name and appearance of the stone.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2507_2507"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2507_2507"><span class="label">2507</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">τέφρα</span>, “ashes.” The <em>modern</em> Tephroite is a -silicate of manganese.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2508_2508"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2508_2508"><span class="label">2508</span></a> Memphis, in Egypt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2509_2509"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2509_2509"><span class="label">2509</span></a> A variety of the modern Porphyry, possibly; a compact feldspathic -base, with crystals of feldspar. Ajasson refuses to identify it with porphyry, -and considers it to be the stone called <em>Red antique</em>, of a deep uniform -red, and of a very fine grain; which also was a production of Egypt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2510_2510"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2510_2510"><span class="label">2510</span></a> “Small stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2511_2511"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2511_2511"><span class="label">2511</span></a> Of porphyrites.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2512_2512"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2512_2512"><span class="label">2512</span></a> “Procurator.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2513_2513"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2513_2513"><span class="label">2513</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_38">38</a>. See also the Lydian stone, or touchstone, mentioned -in B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_43">43</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2514_2514"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2514_2514"><span class="label">2514</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Βάσανος</span>, a “touchstone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2515_2515"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2515_2515"><span class="label">2515</span></a> Philostratus gives a short account of this group, and copies of it are -to be seen in the Vatican, and in the grounds of the Tuilleries.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2516_2516"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2516_2516"><span class="label">2516</span></a> See B. v. c. 10.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2517_2517"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2517_2517"><span class="label">2517</span></a> The Egyptians called it, not Memnon, but Amenophis, and it is supposed -that it represented a monarch of the second dynasty. This is probably -the statue still to be seen at Medinet Abou, on the Libyan side of -the Nile, in a sitting posture, and at least 60 feet in height. The legs, -arms, and other parts of the body are covered with inscriptions, which -attest that, in the third century of the Christian era, the priests still practised -upon the credulity of the devotees, by pretending that it emitted -sounds. It may possibly have been erected for astronomical purposes, or -for the mystic worship of the sun. The Greek name “Memnon” is supposed -to have been derived from the Egyptian <em>Mei Amun</em>, “beloved of -Ammon.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2518_2518"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2518_2518"><span class="label">2518</span></a> Ajasson remarks that under this name the ancients meant, first, yellow -calcareous Alabaster, and secondly, Chalcedony, unclassified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2519_2519"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2519_2519"><span class="label">2519</span></a> See end of the present <a href="#Page_384">Book</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2520_2520"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2520_2520"><span class="label">2520</span></a> See B. vi. cc. 27, 28, 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2521_2521"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2521_2521"><span class="label">2521</span></a> “Variatum est.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2522_2522"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2522_2522"><span class="label">2522</span></a> Ajasson thinks that these columns, in reality, were made, in both -instances, of yellow jasper, or else yellow sardonyx, a compound of sard -and chalcedony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2523_2523"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2523_2523"><span class="label">2523</span></a> Erected <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 741.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2524_2524"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2524_2524"><span class="label">2524</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_47">47</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2525_2525"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2525_2525"><span class="label">2525</span></a> The reading here is doubtful, and it is questionable whether he considers -the two stones as identical.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2526_2526"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2526_2526"><span class="label">2526</span></a> Probably calcareous Alabaster, Ajasson thinks. See B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54">54</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2527_2527"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2527_2527"><span class="label">2527</span></a> See B. xiii. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2528_2528"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2528_2528"><span class="label">2528</span></a> Plaster of Paris is made of gypsum or alabaster, heated and ground.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2529_2529"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2529_2529"><span class="label">2529</span></a> A feature both of jasper and of sardonyx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2530_2530"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2530_2530"><span class="label">2530</span></a> By some persons it has been considered to be the same with the “lychnitis,” -or white marble, mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a> of this Book. Ajasson -is of opinion that it has not been identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2531_2531"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2531_2531"><span class="label">2531</span></a> Ajasson is in doubt whether this stone was really a marble or a gypsic -alabaster. It received its name from the river Curalius or Coural, near -which it was found; and it was also known as Sangaric marble. Ajasson -thinks that the ancient milk-white marble, still found in Italy, and known -to the dealers in antiquities as <em>Palombino</em>, may have been the “corallitic” -stone. He also mentions the fine white marble known as <em>Grechetto</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2532_2532"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2532_2532"><span class="label">2532</span></a> See B. v. c. 29. Sulphuret of manganese is now known as Alabandine; -it is black, but becomes of a tarnished brown on exposure to the -air. It is not improbable that this manganese was used for colouring -glass, and that in Chapter 66 of this Book Pliny again refers to manganese -when speaking of a kind of “magnet” or load-stone. See Beckmann, -Hist. Inv. Vol. II. pp. 237-8, <cite>Bohn’s Edition</cite>; who thinks, that -in the present passage Pliny is speaking of a kind of marble. It is -the fact, however, that Pyrolusite, or grey ore of manganese, is used, at a -red heat, for discharging the brown and green tints of glass. See also B. -xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_42">42</a>, and the Note.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2533_2533"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2533_2533"><span class="label">2533</span></a> Syenite is the name still given to feldspar, hornblende, and quartz, -passing into each other by insensible gradations, and resembling granite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2534_2534"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2534_2534"><span class="label">2534</span></a> “Varied with red spots,” similar to our red granite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2535_2535"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2535_2535"><span class="label">2535</span></a> “Obelisci.” So called from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ὀβελισκὸς</span>, a “small spit,” in consequence -of their tapering form.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2536_2536"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2536_2536"><span class="label">2536</span></a> Meaning, probably, that in the Egyptian language, the same word is -used as signifying a “spit” and a “ray” of light; for it is generally agreed -that the word “obeliscus” is of Greek origin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2537_2537"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2537_2537"><span class="label">2537</span></a> He does not appear to have been identified; and the correct reading -is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2538_2538"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2538_2538"><span class="label">2538</span></a> Heliopolis, or On. See B. v. c. 11.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2539_2539"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2539_2539"><span class="label">2539</span></a> These figures or hieroglyphics did not denote the <em>phonetic language</em> of -Egypt, but only formed a symbolical writing.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2540_2540"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2540_2540"><span class="label">2540</span></a> Perhaps the same as “Sesostris.” The former reading is “Sothis.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2541_2541"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2541_2541"><span class="label">2541</span></a> Ajasson identifies him with Rameses III., a king of the eighteenth dynasty, -who reigned <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 1561. This was also one of the names of Sesostris -the Great.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2542_2542"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2542_2542"><span class="label">2542</span></a> The name of the bull divinity worshipped by the people of On, or -Heliopolis; while by the people of Memphis it was known as Apis.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2543_2543"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2543_2543"><span class="label">2543</span></a> This, Hardouin says, was the same obelisk that was afterwards erected -by Constantius, son of Constantine the Great, in the Circus Maximus -at Rome; whence it was removed by Pope Sextus V., in the year 1588, -to the Basilica of the Lateran.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2544_2544"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2544_2544"><span class="label">2544</span></a> This name is probably mutilated: there are about twenty different -readings of it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2545_2545"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2545_2545"><span class="label">2545</span></a> This name is also very doubtful. One reading is “Eraph,” and Hardouin -attempts to identify him with the Pharaoh Hophra of Jeremiah, xliv. -30, the Ouafres of the Chronicle of Eusebius, and the Apries of Herodotus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2546_2546"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2546_2546"><span class="label">2546</span></a> The Nectanabis, probably, of Plutarch, in his Life of Agesilaüs, and -the Nectanebus of Nepos, in the Life of Chabrias.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2547_2547"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2547_2547"><span class="label">2547</span></a> Callixenus of Rhodes was a contemporary of Ptolemy Philadelphus, -and was the author of a description of Alexandria, and of a catalogue of -painters and sculptors.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2548_2548"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2548_2548"><span class="label">2548</span></a> Egyptian talents, probably. See. B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_15">15</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2549_2549"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2549_2549"><span class="label">2549</span></a> Evidently a stupendous monument, or rather aggregate of buildings, -erected by Ptolemy II., Philadelphus, in memory of his wife and sister, -Arsinoë. See B. xxxiv. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2550_2550"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2550_2550"><span class="label">2550</span></a> Caligula.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2551_2551"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2551_2551"><span class="label">2551</span></a> See B. xvi. c. 76, and B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_47">47</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2552_2552"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2552_2552"><span class="label">2552</span></a> Or Circus Maximus; in the Eleventh Region of the City. According -to Kircher, it was this obelisk that Pope Sextus V. had disinterred, -and placed before the church of the Madonna del Popolo.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2553_2553"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2553_2553"><span class="label">2553</span></a> There are sixteen various readings to this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2554_2554"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2554_2554"><span class="label">2554</span></a> Diogenes Laertius says that he arrived in Egypt in the reign of King -Amasis.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2555_2555"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2555_2555"><span class="label">2555</span></a> Boscovich and Brotero would read here “<em>eighty-two</em> feet and three -quarters,” which is more in accordance with its height, as measured by -Kircher.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2556_2556"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2556_2556"><span class="label">2556</span></a> After being long buried in ruins, it was disinterred, but not re-erected, -by Pope Benedict XIV. When thus brought to light, it was found to be -broken asunder. On it there was an inscription stating that the Emperor -Augustus had “presented it to the Sun”—“Soli donum dedit.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2557_2557"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2557_2557"><span class="label">2557</span></a> Twelve o’clock in the day.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2558_2558"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2558_2558"><span class="label">2558</span></a> After the summer solstice.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2559_2559"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2559_2559"><span class="label">2559</span></a> The one that is mentioned above as having been removed from Alexandria -by Caligula.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2560_2560"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2560_2560"><span class="label">2560</span></a> This obelisk was transferred by Pope Sextus V. from the Circus Vaticanus -to the place of the Cathedral of St. Peter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2561_2561"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2561_2561"><span class="label">2561</span></a> So called because it was laid out on some gardens which had belonged -to one Vaticanus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2562_2562"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2562_2562"><span class="label">2562</span></a> Caligula.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2563_2563"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2563_2563"><span class="label">2563</span></a> There are nine or ten readings of this name. Bunsen suggests “Menophtheus,” -the Egyptian king Meneph-Pthah.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2564_2564"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2564_2564"><span class="label">2564</span></a> In Egypt, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2565_2565"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2565_2565"><span class="label">2565</span></a> Ajasson thinks that they were intended as places of sepulture for the -kings, but for the concealment, also, of their treasures.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2566_2566"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2566_2566"><span class="label">2566</span></a> See B. v. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2567_2567"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2567_2567"><span class="label">2567</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_19">19</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2568_2568"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2568_2568"><span class="label">2568</span></a> See B. v. c. 9. Herodotus says that these pyramids were built by -King Mœris, in the middle of the lake, towering fifty paces above the surface -of the water. Diodorus Siculus says that they were built by him in -honour of himself and his wife.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2569_2569"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2569_2569"><span class="label">2569</span></a> Or left-hand side to those coming down the stream. He alludes to -the three great Pyramids of Ghizeh, not far from Cairo. There are -numerous other pyramids to be seen in Egypt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2570_2570"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2570_2570"><span class="label">2570</span></a> In B. v. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2571_2571"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2571_2571"><span class="label">2571</span></a> It still exists, though the face is mutilated. It was disinterred from -the sand by Belzoni, but is now again nearly covered. According to Cavaglia, -the signature of the Historian Arrian was found inscribed on one -of the fore-paws, when it was disinterred.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2572_2572"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2572_2572"><span class="label">2572</span></a> This reading is, perhaps, preferable to the LXI. s, (61½) of the Bamberg -MS. The head and neck, when uncovered, were found to be 27 feet -in height.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2573_2573"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2573_2573"><span class="label">2573</span></a> Built by King Cheops, according to Herodotus, B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2574_2574"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2574_2574"><span class="label">2574</span></a> All these writers are mentioned in the list of authors at the end of -the present <a href="#Page_385">Book</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2575_2575"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2575_2575"><span class="label">2575</span></a> For the use of the workmen. There is, probably, no foundation for -a statement so exact as this; as it would be very singular that such a fact -should continue to be known, and the names of the builders be buried in -oblivion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2576_2576"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2576_2576"><span class="label">2576</span></a> According to modern measurement, the sides of its base measure at -the foundation 763 feet 4 inches, and it occupies a space of more than 13 -acres. Its perpendicular height is 480 feet.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2577_2577"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2577_2577"><span class="label">2577</span></a> Other readings are 883, and 783.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2578_2578"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2578_2578"><span class="label">2578</span></a> Differing very considerably from the modern measurement. These -variations may possibly arise, however, from a large portion of the base -being covered with sand.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2579_2579"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2579_2579"><span class="label">2579</span></a> It was entirely coated with marble from the Thebaid; which, however, -was removed by the Arabs in the middle ages. In the vicinity there is a fourth -pyramid, but of such small dimensions that some of the Egyptian -obelisks exceed it in height.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2580_2580"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2580_2580"><span class="label">2580</span></a> “Nitrum.” See B. xxxi. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2581_2581"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2581_2581"><span class="label">2581</span></a> From this reason being given, it would almost appear that these -“bridges” in reality were aqueducts, for conveying the water, in order to -melt the mounds of salt and nitre.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2582_2582"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2582_2582"><span class="label">2582</span></a> A very improbable story, as Ajasson remarks; as if the method of -ascertaining the heights of edifices was unknown to the sages of Egypt, -and the constructors of the Pyramids!</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2583_2583"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2583_2583"><span class="label">2583</span></a> Herodotus, B. ii. cc. 134, 5, takes great pains to prove the absurdity -of this story; and there is little doubt that the beautiful courtesan has been -confounded with the equally beautiful Egyptian Queen, Nitocris, who is -said by Julius Africanus and Eusebius to have built the third pyramid. -As to the courtesan having been a fellow-slave of the fabulist, Æsop, it is -extremely doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2584_2584"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2584_2584"><span class="label">2584</span></a> The greater harbour, there being two at Alexandria.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2585_2585"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2585_2585"><span class="label">2585</span></a> Ptolemy Lagus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2586_2586"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2586_2586"><span class="label">2586</span></a> Supposed by Thiersch to have been the same person as the statuary -mentioned in B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2587_2587"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2587_2587"><span class="label">2587</span></a> A risk that is now obviated, if, indeed, there is such a risk, by the -use of revolving lights and coloured lights.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2588_2588"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2588_2588"><span class="label">2588</span></a> See B. v. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2589_2589"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2589_2589"><span class="label">2589</span></a> The site of this labyrinth has not been traced, but Sir G. Wilkinson -is inclined to think that it was at Howarah el Soghaïr in the Faiöum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2590_2590"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2590_2590"><span class="label">2590</span></a> Similar, probably, to the one at Hampton Court.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2591_2591"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2591_2591"><span class="label">2591</span></a> Most modern writers, and some of the ancients, have altogether denied -the existence of the Cretan Labyrinth; but, judging from the testimony -of Tournefort and Cockerell, it is most probable that it really did -exist, and that it was a vast natural grotto or cavern, enlarged and made -additionally intricate by human ingenuity. There are many caverns of -this nature in Crete, and one near Gortyna, at Hagios-Deka, is replete with -galleries and intricate windings similar to those ascribed to the Labyrinth -of Dædalus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2592_2592"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2592_2592"><span class="label">2592</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book. He is surprised that the people of -Egypt, a country which abounded in exquisite marbles, should have used -that of another country in preference to their own.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2593_2593"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2593_2593"><span class="label">2593</span></a> As to the meaning of this word, see B. v. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2594_2594"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2594_2594"><span class="label">2594</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_5">5</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2595_2595"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2595_2595"><span class="label">2595</span></a> “Ulnæ.” See Introduction to Vol. III.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2596_2596"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2596_2596"><span class="label">2596</span></a> The <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἄρουρα</span> was a Greek square measure, containing 2500 square -feet.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2597_2597"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2597_2597"><span class="label">2597</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2598_2598"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2598_2598"><span class="label">2598</span></a> As to the meaning of this word, see Chapter 4 of this Book, page 317, -and Note <a href="#Footnote_2429_2429">2429</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2599_2599"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2599_2599"><span class="label">2599</span></a> “Circummon” is a more common reading.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2600_2600"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2600_2600"><span class="label">2600</span></a> Or acacia. See B. xxiv. c. 65.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2601_2601"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2601_2601"><span class="label">2601</span></a> Welcker remarks that it is uncertain whether this Labyrinth was -erected as a temple of the Cabiri, or whether it had any connection with -the art of mining.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2602_2602"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2602_2602"><span class="label">2602</span></a> Smilis lived, probably, 200 years before Rhœcus and Theodorus, and -was a native of Ægina, not Lemnos. Sillig, however, is inclined to think -that there were <em>two</em> artists of this name; the elder a contemporary of -Dædalus, and the maker of several wooden statues.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2603_2603"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2603_2603"><span class="label">2603</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_43">43</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2604_2604"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2604_2604"><span class="label">2604</span></a> See B. iii. c. 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2605_2605"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2605_2605"><span class="label">2605</span></a> A round, broad-brimmed hat, such as we see represented in the statues -of Mercury.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2606_2606"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2606_2606"><span class="label">2606</span></a> Where two brazen vessels were erected on a column, adjoining to -which was the statue of a boy with a whip; which, when agitated by the -wind, struck the vessels, and omens were drawn from the tinkling noise -produced, significant of future events, it was supposed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2607_2607"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2607_2607"><span class="label">2607</span></a> A building like this, as Niebuhr says, is absolutely impossible, and -belongs to the “Arabian Nights.” The description in some particulars resembles -that of a Chinese pagoda.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2608_2608"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2608_2608"><span class="label">2608</span></a> Probably of Babylon, which were built on terraces raised on arches.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2609_2609"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2609_2609"><span class="label">2609</span></a> His meaning is, that it was built upon arches.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2610_2610"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2610_2610"><span class="label">2610</span></a> Asia Minor.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2611_2611"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2611_2611"><span class="label">2611</span></a> The Hotel de Ville at Brussels is said to have been built upon a -stratum of hides.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2612_2612"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2612_2612"><span class="label">2612</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_4">4</a> of the present Book. Sillig, in his “Dictionary of -Ancient Artists,” suggests a reading which would make the passage to -mean that Scopas was jointly architect with Chersiphron. The latter, however, -was <em>not</em> the architect of the <em>second</em> temple at Ephesus, but flourished -nearly four hundred years before.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2613_2613"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2613_2613"><span class="label">2613</span></a> Strabo says that, in conjunction with his son Metagenes, he began the -<em>first</em> Temple at Ephesus. Thiersch is of opinion that he lived about the -first Olympiad, He is mentioned also in B. vii. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2614_2614"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2614_2614"><span class="label">2614</span></a> “Epistylia.” See B. xxxv. c. 49.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2615_2615"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2615_2615"><span class="label">2615</span></a> Which must have been above the bags and at the summit of the inclined -plane.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2616_2616"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2616_2616"><span class="label">2616</span></a> See B. v. c. 40.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2617_2617"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2617_2617"><span class="label">2617</span></a> “Lapis Fugitivus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2618_2618"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2618_2618"><span class="label">2618</span></a> A public place where the Prytanes or chief magistrates assembled, -and where the public banquets were celebrated.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2619_2619"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2619_2619"><span class="label">2619</span></a> Or “Narrow” gate, apparently. Dion Cassius, B. 74, tells a similar -story nearly, of seven towers at Byzantium, near the <em>Thracian Gate</em>; and -“Thracia” is given by the Bamberg MS. It is most probable that the two -accounts were derived from the same source.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2620_2620"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2620_2620"><span class="label">2620</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Ἑπτάφωνον</span>, “seven times vocal.” Plutarch also mentions this -portico.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2621_2621"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2621_2621"><span class="label">2621</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Βουλευτήριον</span>, the “senate house” or “council-chamber.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2622_2622"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2622_2622"><span class="label">2622</span></a> It was the most ancient of the bridges at Rome, and was so called -from its being built upon “sublices,” or wooden beams. It was originally -built by Ancus Martius, and was afterwards rebuilt by the Pontifices or -pontiffs. We learn from Ovid, Fasti, B. v. l. 621, that it was still a -wooden bridge in the reign of Augustus. In the reign of Otho it was -carried away by an inundation. In later times it was also known as the -Pons Æmilius, from the name of the person probably under whose superintendence -it was rebuilt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2623_2623"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2623_2623"><span class="label">2623</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_11">11</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2624_2624"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2624_2624"><span class="label">2624</span></a> L. Æmilius Paulus, who was consul with C. Marcellus, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 703. -His Basilica, a building which served as a court of law and as an exchange, -was erected in the Eighth Region of the City, at the cost of 1500 -talents; which were sent to him by Cæsar, Plutarch says, as a bribe to -gain him over from the aristocratical party. It was surrounded with an -open peristyle of columns of Phrygian marble.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2625_2625"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2625_2625"><span class="label">2625</span></a> “Diribitorium.” See B. xvi. c. 76.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2626_2626"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2626_2626"><span class="label">2626</span></a> Scribonius Libo, who was Ædile during the consulship of Cicero.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2627_2627"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2627_2627"><span class="label">2627</span></a> “Mound,” or “Terrace.” See B. iii. c. 9, where it is ascribed to -Tarquinius Superbus; but Strabo seems to attribute its foundation to -Servius Tullius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2628_2628"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2628_2628"><span class="label">2628</span></a> Thebes, in Egypt. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_20">20</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2629_2629"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2629_2629"><span class="label">2629</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 721. He alludes probably to the cleansing of the sewers beneath -the city, which took place, Dion Cassius informs us, in the ædileship -of Agrippa.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2630_2630"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2630_2630"><span class="label">2630</span></a> As Hardouin remarks, the story of the Milesian Virgins, as related -by Aulus Gellius and Plutarch, is very similar.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2631_2631"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2631_2631"><span class="label">2631</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 676.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2632_2632"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2632_2632"><span class="label">2632</span></a> Caligula. The Palace of Caligula was situate on the Palatine Hill: -that of Nero extended from the Palatine Hill to the Esquiline, nearly the -whole of which was covered by it. It was left unfinished by Nero, but -the Emperor Otho completed it. Martial, Spectac. Ep. 2, speaks in terms -of indignation of there being now “but one house in all the City;” but, -unfortunately, he gives utterance to it with a view of flattering Domitian.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2633_2633"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2633_2633"><span class="label">2633</span></a> Whence its name, “Aurea,” the “golden” Palace.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2634_2634"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2634_2634"><span class="label">2634</span></a> “Sellaria.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2635_2635"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2635_2635"><span class="label">2635</span></a> By this mode of expression, he probably means that they were “birds -of a feather”—one as bad as the other.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2636_2636"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2636_2636"><span class="label">2636</span></a> His mother, Metella Cæcilia, became the wife of Sylla.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2637_2637"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2637_2637"><span class="label">2637</span></a> He forgets the Pyramids and the Labyrinth of Egypt, which he has -so recently described.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2638_2638"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2638_2638"><span class="label">2638</span></a> See B. xvii. c. 1, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_3">3</a> of the present Book. L. Crassus is -the person alluded to.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2639_2639"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2639_2639"><span class="label">2639</span></a> “Four” is the number mentioned in B. xvii. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2640_2640"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2640_2640"><span class="label">2640</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_2">2</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2641_2641"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2641_2641"><span class="label">2641</span></a> In B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_17">17</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2642_2642"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2642_2642"><span class="label">2642</span></a> “Cavea.” The place where the spectators sat, much like the “pit” -of our theatres.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2643_2643"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2643_2643"><span class="label">2643</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_19">19</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2644_2644"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2644_2644"><span class="label">2644</span></a> “Choragio.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2645_2645"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2645_2645"><span class="label">2645</span></a> He was defeated and slain in Africa by Juba and P. Attius Varus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2646_2646"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2646_2646"><span class="label">2646</span></a> And, consequently, of more strict manners, and more strict morals.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2647_2647"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2647_2647"><span class="label">2647</span></a> “Tabulis.” The wooden frames, probably, which formed the -margin of one side of each theatre, and which, when they were brought -together, would make a diameter running through the circle which they -formed. Hardouin thinks that these theatres are alluded to in Virgil, -Georg. B. III. l. 22, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2648_2648"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2648_2648"><span class="label">2648</span></a> In allusion, probably, to the addresses delivered by Curio, when -tribune, from the Rostra, in favour of Cæsar.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2649_2649"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2649_2649"><span class="label">2649</span></a> “Pensiles.” Pliny not improbably intends a pun here, this word -meaning also “suspended,” or “poised”—in reference, probably, to their -suspension on the pivots in Curio’s theatres.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2650_2650"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2650_2650"><span class="label">2650</span></a> Between Cæsar and Pompey, which he is supposed to have inflamed -for his own private purposes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2651_2651"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2651_2651"><span class="label">2651</span></a> He was prætor <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 144; and, in order that he might complete his -aqueduct, his office was prolonged another year.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2652_2652"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2652_2652"><span class="label">2652</span></a> This aqueduct was begun by Appius Claudius Cæcus, the censor, and -was the first made at Rome; <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 313.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2653_2653"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2653_2653"><span class="label">2653</span></a> See B. iii. c. 17. It was commenced by M. Curius Dentatus, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> -273, the water being brought a distance of 43 miles. It was afterwards -known as the “Anio Vetus,” to distinguish it from another aqueduct from -the same river, mentioned in this Chapter, and called the “Anio Novus.” -The former was constructed of Peperino stone, and the water-course was -lined with cement. Considerable remains of it are still to be seen.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2654_2654"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2654_2654"><span class="label">2654</span></a> The Aqua Tepula was constructed <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 127; so that it is doubtful if -Pliny is not here in error.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2655_2655"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2655_2655"><span class="label">2655</span></a> The Aqua Marcia was brought a distance of upwards of 60 miles, -from the vicinity of Sublaqueum, now Subiaco, and was of such elevation -that water could be supplied to the loftiest part of the Capitoline Hill. -A considerable number of the arches are still standing. In the vicinity of -the city it was afterwards united with the Aqua Tepula and the Aqua -Julia; the watercourse of the last being above that of the Aqua Tepula, -and that above the course of the Aqua Marcia. See B. xxxi. cc. 24, 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2656_2656"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2656_2656"><span class="label">2656</span></a> See B. xxxi. cc. 24, 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2657_2657"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2657_2657"><span class="label">2657</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2658_2658"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2658_2658"><span class="label">2658</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2659_2659"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2659_2659"><span class="label">2659</span></a> Victor mentions 856 public baths at Rome.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2660_2660"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2660_2660"><span class="label">2660</span></a> Caligula.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2661_2661"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2661_2661"><span class="label">2661</span></a> Anio Novus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2662_2662"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2662_2662"><span class="label">2662</span></a> Nero.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2663_2663"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2663_2663"><span class="label">2663</span></a> See B. ii. c. 106, and B. iii. c. 17. In order to check the sudden -rise of its waters, a design was entertained by Julius Cæsar to construct a -subterranean canal from the lake into the valley of the Liris, which, unfortunately, -was frustrated by his death. Claudius, however, executed the work, -by cutting a gallery upwards of an English mile and a half through the -limestone rock; a work which, according to Suetonius, occupied thirty -thousand workmen continually for eleven years. On opening it with a -mock naval combat, an accident happened in which many persons lost -their lives, and Claudius himself but narrowly escaped. The emissary -answered its purpose for some time, and, though Nero suffered the works -to fall into decay, they were repaired by Hadrian. In the middle ages, -however, the work fell in, and has not since been restored.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2664_2664"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2664_2664"><span class="label">2664</span></a> See B. iii. c. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2665_2665"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2665_2665"><span class="label">2665</span></a> “Magnes.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2666_2666"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2666_2666"><span class="label">2666</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_23">23</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2667_2667"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2667_2667"><span class="label">2667</span></a> “Iron earth;” from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">σίδηρος</span>, “iron.” The magnet, or loadstone -itself, is an oxide of iron, known as Oxidulated iron, or Ferroso-ferric -oxide; sometimes in combination with quartz or alumine.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2668_2668"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2668_2668"><span class="label">2668</span></a> From Heraclea, in Lydia, or in Thessaly, according to some accounts. -It is not improbable, however, that it was so called after “Heracles,” -or Hercules, on account of its powerful influence upon iron ores.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2669_2669"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2669_2669"><span class="label">2669</span></a> Isidorus says, “India,” in B. 16 of the “Origines.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2670_2670"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2670_2670"><span class="label">2670</span></a> See the list of authors at the end of this <a href="#Page_385">Book</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2671_2671"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2671_2671"><span class="label">2671</span></a> Varieties, no doubt, of oxide of iron.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2672_2672"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2672_2672"><span class="label">2672</span></a> An absurd distinction, as Ajasson remarks; based, probably, on Eastern -notions, and with reference to the comparative powers of attraction.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2673_2673"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2673_2673"><span class="label">2673</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">αἷμα</span>, “blood.” He alludes to Specular iron, red ochre, or -red hematite, another oxide of iron.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2674_2674"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2674_2674"><span class="label">2674</span></a> Sometimes it has, but in a very slight degree.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2675_2675"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2675_2675"><span class="label">2675</span></a> Ajasson remarks that most probably the possessors of this pretended -variety knew the distinction between the two poles of the magnet, and -took care, when it was their interest to do so, to place the opposite pole towards -that of the other loadstone.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2676_2676"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2676_2676"><span class="label">2676</span></a> It was the belief of the Duke of Noya Caraffa, that this stone was identical -with Tourmaline: but, as Beckmann says, tourmaline, when heated, first -attracts iron, and then repels it. Hist. Inv. Vol. I. pp. 87, 88. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite> -Ajasson is of opinion that the Theamedes was neither more nor less -than the ordinary loadstone, with the negative pole presented, by designing -persons, towards another magnet.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2677_2677"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2677_2677"><span class="label">2677</span></a> In B. ii. c. 98, and B. xx. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2678_2678"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2678_2678"><span class="label">2678</span></a> See B. iv. c. 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2679_2679"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2679_2679"><span class="label">2679</span></a> See B. ii. c. 106, Vol. I. p. 137, and Note 687. There is little doubt that -this was a volcanic, porous product.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2680_2680"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2680_2680"><span class="label">2680</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">σάρξ</span>, “flesh,” and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">φάγω</span>, “to eat.” See B. ii. c. 98. Ajasson -identifies it with Alunite, or Alum stone, in its several varieties.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2681_2681"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2681_2681"><span class="label">2681</span></a> Both of them varieties of calcareous tufa, Ajasson thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2682_2682"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2682_2682"><span class="label">2682</span></a> Or Sarcophagus: see the preceding Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2683_2683"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2683_2683"><span class="label">2683</span></a> Democritus, amongst the ancients, and Savonarola and Cardan, in more -recent times, have attributed to stones the powers of reproduction. Vivès -speaks of certain diamonds which conceive and fructify; and Avicenna -speaks of the selenite or moon-stone of Arabia, which, when suspended -from a tree, generates other stones of a similar nature. Tournefort also -entertained similar opinions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2684_2684"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2684_2684"><span class="label">2684</span></a> Fossil teeth of mammiferæ, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2685_2685"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2685_2685"><span class="label">2685</span></a> Fossil animal remains, no doubt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2686_2686"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2686_2686"><span class="label">2686</span></a> Cneius Pompeius. See B. iii. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2687_2687"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2687_2687"><span class="label">2687</span></a> “Palmati.” This is more probably the meaning, than the “human -palm,” as Littré renders it. They were fossil impressions of leaves, in -all probability.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2688_2688"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2688_2688"><span class="label">2688</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_43">43</a> of this Book: also B. iv. cc. 7, 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2689_2689"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2689_2689"><span class="label">2689</span></a> Stones so called, possibly, from being found in the vicinity of Cora -in Italy: See B. iii. c. 9. These stones are also mentioned by Isidorus, -Orig. B. xvi. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2690_2690"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2690_2690"><span class="label">2690</span></a> Identified by Ajasson and Desfontaines? with Quartz molar agate, very -abundant in this volcanic region of Italy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2691_2691"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2691_2691"><span class="label">2691</span></a> “Molares.” “Millstone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2692_2692"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2692_2692"><span class="label">2692</span></a> Or Serpentine. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2693_2693"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2693_2693"><span class="label">2693</span></a> Not the Pyrites of modern Mineralogy, combinations of sulphur with -various mineral ores.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2694_2694"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2694_2694"><span class="label">2694</span></a> The Greek for “fire” being <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">πῦρ</span>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2695_2695"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2695_2695"><span class="label">2695</span></a> Sulphate of copper, probably, our Chalcopyrite, or yellow copper -pyrites.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2696_2696"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2696_2696"><span class="label">2696</span></a> See B. v. c. 35.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2697_2697"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2697_2697"><span class="label">2697</span></a> Or “quick,” “vivos.” Ajasson identifies these with the quartz -agates that form our gun-flints, a Chalcedonic variety of Silica.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2698_2698"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2698_2698"><span class="label">2698</span></a> Amadue, or German tinder.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2699_2699"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2699_2699"><span class="label">2699</span></a> Fossil shells of oysters and bivalve mollusks, combined, probably, -with Fahlunite or Hydrous Iolite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2700_2700"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2700_2700"><span class="label">2700</span></a> This is the most delicate variety of Asbestus, a kind of Hornblende: -it presents the lustre of satin. As to Asbestus, see B. xix. c. 4, where -Pliny has evidently taken it to be a vegetable production.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2701_2701"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2701_2701"><span class="label">2701</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_52">52</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2702_2702"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2702_2702"><span class="label">2702</span></a> “Earthy” stone. These are either nodules of iron-stone, hollow in -the centre, or else round, inorganic masses, hollow, and lined with crystals -within. These latter are mostly of a silicious nature.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2703_2703"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2703_2703"><span class="label">2703</span></a> It was, probably, a yellow, argillaceous earth, and it is more probable -that it derived its name from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">μελὶ</span>, “honey,” in consequence of its -colour than by reason of its supposed sweet juices. The Mellite, Mellitite, -or Honey-stone of modern Mineralogy, also known as Mellate of -Alumina, has its name from its honey-yellow colour. It is found in Thuringia, -Moravia, and Bohemia; but most probably was unknown in the -days of Pliny.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2704_2704"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2704_2704"><span class="label">2704</span></a> See B. xx. cc. 6, 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2705_2705"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2705_2705"><span class="label">2705</span></a> Our jet, which somewhat resembles cannel-coal, and is found in clay -soils.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2706_2706"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2706_2706"><span class="label">2706</span></a> See B. v. c. 28, where a place called “Gagæ” is mentioned. In Note -3900 to that Chapter, “gagates” is erroneously rendered “agate.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2707_2707"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2707_2707"><span class="label">2707</span></a> See B. v. c. 26.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2708_2708"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2708_2708"><span class="label">2708</span></a> This comparison is not inapt, as it is closely akin to Lignite, or brown -coal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2709_2709"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2709_2709"><span class="label">2709</span></a> A bituminous and animal odour, Ajasson says, quite peculiar to itself.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2710_2710"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2710_2710"><span class="label">2710</span></a> He has borrowed this erroneous assertion, probably, from Nicander, -who, with Pliny, says the same of the “Thracian stone,” which has not been -identified, but is supposed to have been a sort of coal. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_30">30</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2711_2711"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2711_2711"><span class="label">2711</span></a> This is, probably, the meaning of “sonticus morbus,” a disease, -which, according to the jurists, excused those affected with it, from attending -in courts of justice.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2712_2712"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2712_2712"><span class="label">2712</span></a> Albertus Magnus, De Mineral. B. ii., says that if it is given in water to -a female, it will have a diuretic effect immediately, if she is not in a state -of virginity, and that the contrary will be the case if she is.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2713_2713"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2713_2713"><span class="label">2713</span></a> See B. xxx. c. 5. According to Dalechamps, this was practised by -placing the jet upon a hatchet at a red heat.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2714_2714"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2714_2714"><span class="label">2714</span></a> “Stone-macerater.” From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">τήκω</span>, to “macerate,” and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">λιθὸς</span>, “a -stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2715_2715"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2715_2715"><span class="label">2715</span></a> Dioscorides says that it was found in Cappadocia also; and both he -and Galen attribute to it certain medicinal properties. It was used either -for colouring, or else, like fuller’s earth, for taking the grease out of wool -and cloth. Ajasson is inclined to think that it was either a volcanic scoria -or a Peperite, also of volcanic origin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2716_2716"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2716_2716"><span class="label">2716</span></a> Or “blood-stone,” mentioned already in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_25">25</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2717_2717"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2717_2717"><span class="label">2717</span></a> He is evidently speaking here of the red peroxide of iron.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2718_2718"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2718_2718"><span class="label">2718</span></a> Vermilion. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2719_2719"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2719_2719"><span class="label">2719</span></a> Literally, “split” stone; so called, probably, from its laminated form. -Ajasson identifies it with yellow or brown iron ore, known in Mineralogy -as Limonite, or Brown Hematite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2720_2720"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2720_2720"><span class="label">2720</span></a> “Explendis oculorum lacunis.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2721_2721"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2721_2721"><span class="label">2721</span></a> Mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_25">25</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2722_2722"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2722_2722"><span class="label">2722</span></a> Mentioned also in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_25">25</a>. Probably Red peroxide of iron, in a -massive form.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2723_2723"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2723_2723"><span class="label">2723</span></a> “All-serviceable,” or “all-heal.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2724_2724"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2724_2724"><span class="label">2724</span></a> “Man-subduing.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2725_2725"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2725_2725"><span class="label">2725</span></a> The colour of Specular iron, or red peroxide of iron, being of a dark -steel-grey or iron-black, this is probably another variety of it. Ajasson -thinks that it includes compact or massive red oxide of iron, and scaly red -iron, or red iron froth, which leaves red marks upon the fingers.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2726_2726"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2726_2726"><span class="label">2726</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book. Its alleged attraction of silver and -copper is fabulous, no doubt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2727_2727"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2727_2727"><span class="label">2727</span></a> This is probably the Limonite, or Hydrous peroxide of iron, mentioned -in the preceding Chapter. See Note <a href="#Footnote_2719_2719">2719</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2728_2728"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2728_2728"><span class="label">2728</span></a> Identified by Ajasson with Red ochre, or Reddle, a red peroxide of -iron, used for red crayons in drawing.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2729_2729"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2729_2729"><span class="label">2729</span></a> “Liver-stone.” Not to be confounded with the Hepatite of modern -Mineralogy, or Sulphate of Barytes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2730_2730"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2730_2730"><span class="label">2730</span></a> “Spleen-stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2731_2731"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2731_2731"><span class="label">2731</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_14">14</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2732_2732"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2732_2732"><span class="label">2732</span></a> Identified by Ajasson with Laminated protoxide of iron. It has probably -an affinity to the variety noticed above, in Notes <a href="#Footnote_2719_2719">2719</a> and <a href="#Footnote_2727_2727">2727</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2733_2733"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2733_2733"><span class="label">2733</span></a> Owing solely, in all probability, to its name, “blood-stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2734_2734"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2734_2734"><span class="label">2734</span></a> Ajasson is at a loss to know whether this is our Anthracite, a non-bituminous -coal, or some kind of bituminous coal. Delafosse takes it to be -pit-coal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2735_2735"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2735_2735"><span class="label">2735</span></a> Or “eagle-stone.” It is a Geodes, mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_23">23</a> of this -Book, a globular mass of clay iron-stone. Sometimes it is hollow within, -and sometimes it encloses another stone, or a little water, or some mineral -dust.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2736_2736"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2736_2736"><span class="label">2736</span></a> Chapter 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2737_2737"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2737_2737"><span class="label">2737</span></a> See B. iv. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2738_2738"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2738_2738"><span class="label">2738</span></a> A kind of pumice, Ajasson thinks, or porous feldspathic scoria from -volcanos.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2739_2739"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2739_2739"><span class="label">2739</span></a> In B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_53">53</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2740_2740"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2740_2740"><span class="label">2740</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_37">37</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2741_2741"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2741_2741"><span class="label">2741</span></a> See B. xxiii. cc. 45, 80.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2742_2742"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2742_2742"><span class="label">2742</span></a> Probably of a similar nature to the Samian stone.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2743_2743"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2743_2743"><span class="label">2743</span></a> Pumice is still used as the basis of a dentifrice, but it destroys the -enamel of the teeth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2744_2744"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2744_2744"><span class="label">2744</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_2739_2739">2739</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2745_2745"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2745_2745"><span class="label">2745</span></a> Or “temples of the Muses:” evidently grottos in the present instance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2746_2746"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2746_2746"><span class="label">2746</span></a> In allusion to the line, “Aridâ modo pumice expolitum”—“Just -polished with dry pumice-stone.” Ep. I. l. 2. Both the backs of books -and the parchment used for writing were rubbed with pumice.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2747_2747"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2747_2747"><span class="label">2747</span></a> Sec B. v. c. 36.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2748_2748"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2748_2748"><span class="label">2748</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2749_2749"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2749_2749"><span class="label">2749</span></a> Hist. B. ix. c. 18.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2750_2750"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2750_2750"><span class="label">2750</span></a> As a preventive of vomiting.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2751_2751"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2751_2751"><span class="label">2751</span></a> “Musta.” Grape-juice in the process of being made into wine.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2752_2752"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2752_2752"><span class="label">2752</span></a> Delafosse suggests that this may have been grey-spotted granite. -The name is doubtful, as “Edesian” and “Ephesian” are other readings.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2753_2753"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2753_2753"><span class="label">2753</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2754_2754"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2754_2754"><span class="label">2754</span></a> “Golden stone.” A variety, perhaps, of the Thebaic stone with gold -spots, mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2755_2755"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2755_2755"><span class="label">2755</span></a> Possibly so called from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Χάλαζα</span>, “hail,” it being, perhaps, a granite -with spots like hailstones.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2756_2756"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2756_2756"><span class="label">2756</span></a> Sec Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_11">11</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_33">33</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2757_2757"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2757_2757"><span class="label">2757</span></a> In consequence of its extreme hardness.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2758_2758"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2758_2758"><span class="label">2758</span></a> Phœnician stone and Tænarian stone do not appear to have been -identified. Parian stone may probably have been white Parian marble.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2759_2759"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2759_2759"><span class="label">2759</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_12">12</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2760_2760"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2760_2760"><span class="label">2760</span></a> Serpentine. See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_11">11</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_30">30</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2761_2761"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2761_2761"><span class="label">2761</span></a> See B. iv. cc. 22, 23.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2762_2762"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2762_2762"><span class="label">2762</span></a> Ajasson identifies it with Ollar stone, talc, or soap-stone, a hydrous -silicate of magnesia, and nearly allied to the Ophites of Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_11">11</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_30">30</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2763_2763"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2763_2763"><span class="label">2763</span></a> He being a native of that part of Italy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2764_2764"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2764_2764"><span class="label">2764</span></a> The Green Colubine Ollar stone; or soap-stone of Italy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2765_2765"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2765_2765"><span class="label">2765</span></a> See B. iii. c. 21.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2766_2766"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2766_2766"><span class="label">2766</span></a> Identified by Brotero with our Free-stone or grit-stone.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2767_2767"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2767_2767"><span class="label">2767</span></a> So called from its resemblance to the spots on a peacock’s tail. He -alludes, probably, to the mode of roofing with tiles cut in the form of -scales, still much employed on the continent, and in Switzerland more -particularly.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2768_2768"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2768_2768"><span class="label">2768</span></a> Or “Mirror-stone.” Transparent Selenite or gypsum; a sulphate of -lime.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2769_2769"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2769_2769"><span class="label">2769</span></a> Now Segorba, in Valentia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2770_2770"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2770_2770"><span class="label">2770</span></a> Ajasson is of opinion that various kinds of mica and talc are the -minerals here alluded to.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2771_2771"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2771_2771"><span class="label">2771</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">φεγγὸς</span>, “brightness.” Beckmann is of opinion that this was -a calcareous or gypseous spar (Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 66); but Ajasson -seems to think that it was very similar to Parian marble, which was sometimes -called by this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2772_2772"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2772_2772"><span class="label">2772</span></a> This is more likely to apply to a white marble than to a calcareous or -gypseous spar. Suetonius says, c. 14, that Domitian, when he suspected -that plots were forming against him, caused the porticos in which he -walked to be lined with Phengites, which by its reflection showed what -was going on behind his back.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2773_2773"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2773_2773"><span class="label">2773</span></a> See B xviii. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2774_2774"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2774_2774"><span class="label">2774</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">24</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2775_2775"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2775_2775"><span class="label">2775</span></a> Beckmann says, in reference to this passage, supposing that a kind -of <em>spar</em> is meant by the word <em>phengites</em>—“It is probable that the openings -of the walls of the building where the windows used to be, were in this -instance filled up with <em>phengites</em>. which, by admitting a faint light, prevented -the place from being dark, even when the doors were shut.”— Hist. -Inv. Vol. II. p. 66. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2776_2776"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2776_2776"><span class="label">2776</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_10">10</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2777_2777"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2777_2777"><span class="label">2777</span></a> See B. v. cc. 22, 35, for two places of this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2778_2778"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2778_2778"><span class="label">2778</span></a> A Celtic word, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2779_2779"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2779_2779"><span class="label">2779</span></a> See B. iii. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2780_2780"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2780_2780"><span class="label">2780</span></a> Identical, probably, with the Tufa of modern Mineralogy, which -thence derives its name, a Carbonate of lime.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2781_2781"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2781_2781"><span class="label">2781</span></a> Thus reversing the order of things with the Romans, who put the -lime on their houses, and the pitch in their wines. See B. xiv. cc. 3, 24, -25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2782_2782"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2782_2782"><span class="label">2782</span></a> See B. xiv. c. 24.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2783_2783"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2783_2783"><span class="label">2783</span></a> A white tufa, Vitruvius says, B. i. c. 7.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2784_2784"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2784_2784"><span class="label">2784</span></a> It was in reference, possibly, to this stone that Cicero made the remark, -mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_5">5</a> of this Book; the heat of Chios being so -great, perhaps, that the Tiburtine stone could not have endured it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2785_2785"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2785_2785"><span class="label">2785</span></a> A general name for Silica, Flint, or Quartz, and the several varieties.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2786_2786"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2786_2786"><span class="label">2786</span></a> See B. iii. c. 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2787_2787"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2787_2787"><span class="label">2787</span></a> See B. ii. c. 96, B. iii. c. 9, and B. xiv. c. 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2788_2788"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2788_2788"><span class="label">2788</span></a> Ajasson thinks that Travertine is meant; a tufa, or carbonate of lime, -which is common in Tuscany.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2789_2789"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2789_2789"><span class="label">2789</span></a> “Built of stones of equal size.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2790_2790"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2790_2790"><span class="label">2790</span></a> “Built of stones of unequal sizes.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2791_2791"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2791_2791"><span class="label">2791</span></a> “Filled up work,” apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2792_2792"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2792_2792"><span class="label">2792</span></a> The reading is very doubtful here: for the word seems to mean, in -Greek, “From one wall to another.” “Diamicton”—“Mixed up,” is -another reading.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2793_2793"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2793_2793"><span class="label">2793</span></a> Where the outer face of each stone forms an exact square; the pointings -consequently having a netlike or reticulated appearance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2794_2794"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2794_2794"><span class="label">2794</span></a> The vertical pointings or junctures lying one over the other.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2795_2795"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2795_2795"><span class="label">2795</span></a> De Re Rust. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2796_2796"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2796_2796"><span class="label">2796</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_28">29</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_30">30</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2797_2797"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2797_2797"><span class="label">2797</span></a> To which Pozzuolane belongs.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2798_2798"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2798_2798"><span class="label">2798</span></a> For making mortar.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2799_2799"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2799_2799"><span class="label">2799</span></a> Pounded marble mixed with quicklime.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2800_2800"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2800_2800"><span class="label">2800</span></a> “Lacte et croco” appears to be a preferable reading to “late e croco,” -as given by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2801_2801"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2801_2801"><span class="label">2801</span></a> It seems difficult to understand whether by the word “spiræ” he -means astragals, or bases. It would almost appear, by the use of the word -“subditæ,” that it is “bases” for the shafts. It is just possible, however, -that the meaning may be that the “spiræ” were placed <em>beneath</em> the -capitals which were added.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2802_2802"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2802_2802"><span class="label">2802</span></a> A different thing altogether from the Maltha or Pissasphalt of B. ii. -c. 108. Festus describes it as a mixture of pitch and wax; and Palladius, -in B. i. c. 17, speaks of it as being composed of tar, grease, and lime -boiled; and in c. 35 he describes Maltha caldaria as a mixture of hammoniacum, -figs, tow, tar, and melted suet. It was probably a general name for -several kinds of cement. Heineccius says that it was employed for sealing, -but on what authority does not appear. See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. -Vol. I. p. 141. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2803_2803"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2803_2803"><span class="label">2803</span></a> This is perhaps the meaning of “duplici lenimento.” The reading, -however, is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2804_2804"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2804_2804"><span class="label">2804</span></a> The name now given to Sulphate of lime, including the varieties of -Alabaster and Selenite. Plaster of Paris is prepared from it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2805_2805"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2805_2805"><span class="label">2805</span></a> The method of preparing plaster of Paris.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2806_2806"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2806_2806"><span class="label">2806</span></a> See B. iv. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2807_2807"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2807_2807"><span class="label">2807</span></a> See B. iv. c. 3.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2808_2808"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2808_2808"><span class="label">2808</span></a> The same thing, strictly speaking. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_12">12</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2809_2809"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2809_2809"><span class="label">2809</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_45">45</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2810_2810"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2810_2810"><span class="label">2810</span></a> See B. vii. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2811_2811"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2811_2811"><span class="label">2811</span></a> Dioscorides says, B. v. c. 134, that, taken internally, it produces suffocation.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2812_2812"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2812_2812"><span class="label">2812</span></a> “Lithostrota.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2813_2813"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2813_2813"><span class="label">2813</span></a> His age and country are unknown.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2814_2814"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2814_2814"><span class="label">2814</span></a> “The house that has no sweeping.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2815_2815"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2815_2815"><span class="label">2815</span></a> “Subtegulanea.”—“Undercover;” in contradistinction to the “subdialia” -of next Chapter.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2816_2816"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2816_2816"><span class="label">2816</span></a> “Pavimentum,” from “pavio,” to “beat down.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2817_2817"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2817_2817"><span class="label">2817</span></a> “Scutulatum.”—Having figures in the shape of a lozenge or rhombus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2818_2818"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2818_2818"><span class="label">2818</span></a> The line is, -</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="line">“Arte pavimenti atque emblemate vermiculato;”</div> -</div></div></div> - -<p class="noindent"> -literary compositions being compared by him to the artificial construction -of a pavement.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2819_2819"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2819_2819"><span class="label">2819</span></a> “Subdialia;” more literally, “open-air pavements.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2820_2820"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2820_2820"><span class="label">2820</span></a> Or “kernel;” so called because it lay in the middle. Vitruvius says -that it was composed of one part lime, and three parts pounded pottery.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2821_2821"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2821_2821"><span class="label">2821</span></a> “Quercus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2822_2822"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2822_2822"><span class="label">2822</span></a> “Spicata testacea.” These pavements were probably so called because -the bricks were laid at angles to each other (of about forty-five -degrees), like the grains in an ear of wheat; or like the spines projecting -from either side of the back-bone of a fish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2823_2823"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2823_2823"><span class="label">2823</span></a> “Lithostrota.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2824_2824"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2824_2824"><span class="label">2824</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">24</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2825_2825"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2825_2825"><span class="label">2825</span></a> See B. v. c. 17.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2826_2826"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2826_2826"><span class="label">2826</span></a> See B. v. c. 19.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2827_2827"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2827_2827"><span class="label">2827</span></a> A mineral alkali, Beckmann thinks; for it could not possibly be our -saltpetre, he says. See B. xxxi. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2828_2828"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2828_2828"><span class="label">2828</span></a> Beckmann discredits this story, because sand, he says, is not so easily -brought to a state of fusion. Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 496. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2829_2829"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2829_2829"><span class="label">2829</span></a> “Magnes lapis.” See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_42">42</a>, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_25">25</a> of this Book. -Beckmann is of opinion that an ore of Manganese is meant, a substance -which has a resemblance to the magnet, and is of the greatest utility in -making glass. Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 237.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2830_2830"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2830_2830"><span class="label">2830</span></a> This appears to be the meaning of “Quoniam in se liquorem vitri -quoque ut ferrum trahere creditur.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2831_2831"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2831_2831"><span class="label">2831</span></a> In the description given by Isidorus in the “Origines,” which in other -respects is similar, these words are omitted, and it is possible that they are -a gloss by some one who was better acquainted with the Old Testament -than with Pliny. On the other hand, as Sillig remarks, the Phœnicians -may, at an early period, have imported into Greece a substance which they -called “nitre of Ophir.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2832_2832"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2832_2832"><span class="label">2832</span></a> See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 84.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2833_2833"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2833_2833"><span class="label">2833</span></a> “Excogitaverat.” Beckmann would seem to give this word the -force only of “thought of,” for he gives it as his opinion that attempts -were made at Sidon to form glass mirrors, but that the experiments had -not completely succeeded. “Had this invention formed an epoch in the -art of making mirrors, Pliny, in another place (B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_45">45</a>), where -he describes the various improvements of it so fully, would not have omitted -it: but of those experiments he makes no further mention.” He also -expresses an opinion that the Sidonian mirrors consisted of dark-coloured -glass, resembling obsidian stone.”—Hist. Inv. Vol. II. pp. 69, 70. <cite>Bohn’s -Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2834_2834"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2834_2834"><span class="label">2834</span></a> Knowles says, in his <cite>Turkish History</cite>, p. 1273, that in 1610, among -other rare presents sent to the King of Spain from the Sophy of Persia, -there were six drinking-glasses, made of malleable glass so exquisitely -tempered that they could not be broken.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2835_2835"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2835_2835"><span class="label">2835</span></a> Dion Cassius and Suetonius tell a similar story; and, according to one -account, Tiberius ordered the artist to be put to death.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2836_2836"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2836_2836"><span class="label">2836</span></a> This reading is doubtful. It would appear to mean “stone handled.” -Another reading is “pterotos,” “with winged handles.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2837_2837"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2837_2837"><span class="label">2837</span></a> Volcanic glass, feldspar in a more or less pure state, our Obsidian, is -probably meant; a word derived from the old reading, Obsidius, corrected -by Sillig to <em>Obsius</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2838_2838"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2838_2838"><span class="label">2838</span></a> He is speaking of the stone, not the glass that resembled it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2839_2839"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2839_2839"><span class="label">2839</span></a> A thing very difficult to be done, as Beckmann observes, by reason -of its brittleness.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2840_2840"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2840_2840"><span class="label">2840</span></a> The present Portugal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2841_2841"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2841_2841"><span class="label">2841</span></a> “Blood-red” glass.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2842_2842"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2842_2842"><span class="label">2842</span></a> See B. xxxvii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_7">7</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_8">8</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a>. This glass was probably of an opal -colour, like porcelain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2843_2843"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2843_2843"><span class="label">2843</span></a> This passage is commented upon by Beckmann, Vol. II. p. 75, in -connexion with a similar passage in Isidorus, Orig., which is probably corrupt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2844_2844"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2844_2844"><span class="label">2844</span></a> See B. xxxvii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_10">10</a>. He was not aware, apparently, that in such case -they act as convex burning-glasses, and that ice even may be similarly -employed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2845_2845"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2845_2845"><span class="label">2845</span></a> This is, probably, the meaning of “in guttas;” a new reading, which -is only found in the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2846_2846"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2846_2846"><span class="label">2846</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_2">2</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2847_2847"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2847_2847"><span class="label">2847</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_47">47</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2848_2848"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2848_2848"><span class="label">2848</span></a> “Improba” seems to be used here in much the some sense in which -Virgil has said “Labor improbus”—“Unremitting labour.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2849_2849"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2849_2849"><span class="label">2849</span></a> He alludes, probably, to eclipses of the sun.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2850_2850"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2850_2850"><span class="label">2850</span></a> Acacia charcoal is still recommended as a valuable tonic, and as good -for internal ulcerations and irritations of the mucous membrane.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2851_2851"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2851_2851"><span class="label">2851</span></a> In B. xxvi. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2852_2852"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2852_2852"><span class="label">2852</span></a> “Querneus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2853_2853"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2853_2853"><span class="label">2853</span></a> It is much more likely that he was the son of Tarquin himself, who -not improbably, if indeed there ever was such a person, invented the story, -to escape the wrath of Queen Tanaquil. This absurd story is mentioned -also by Ovid, Arnobius, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2854_2854"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2854_2854"><span class="label">2854</span></a> See B. iii. c. 9, and B. xix. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2855_2855"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2855_2855"><span class="label">2855</span></a> See end of B. ii. L. Cælius Antipater.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2856_2856"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2856_2856"><span class="label">2856</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2857_2857"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2857_2857"><span class="label">2857</span></a> Probably Sulpicius Galba, who devoted his time to literary pursuits, -and rose to no higher office than the prætorship, He was grand-father of -the Emperor Galba, and wrote a historical work.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2858_2858"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2858_2858"><span class="label">2858</span></a> Another reading is “Ictius,” but nothing is known of either.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2859_2859"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2859_2859"><span class="label">2859</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2860_2860"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2860_2860"><span class="label">2860</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2861_2861"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2861_2861"><span class="label">2861</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2862_2862"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2862_2862"><span class="label">2862</span></a> See end of B. ii. and end of B. xviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2863_2863"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2863_2863"><span class="label">2863</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2864_2864"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2864_2864"><span class="label">2864</span></a> See end of B. xvi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2865_2865"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2865_2865"><span class="label">2865</span></a> See end of B. ii. and end of B. xviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2866_2866"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2866_2866"><span class="label">2866</span></a> See end of B. vi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2867_2867"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2867_2867"><span class="label">2867</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2868_2868"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2868_2868"><span class="label">2868</span></a> See end of B. xvi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2869_2869"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2869_2869"><span class="label">2869</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2870_2870"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2870_2870"><span class="label">2870</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2871_2871"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2871_2871"><span class="label">2871</span></a> See end of B. v.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2872_2872"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2872_2872"><span class="label">2872</span></a> See end of B. viii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2873_2873"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2873_2873"><span class="label">2873</span></a> All that we know of him is, that he wrote on Precious Stones. Apollonius -Dyscolus mentions an author who wrote on the same subject, whose -name was “Tacus;” and possibly the same person is meant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2874_2874"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2874_2874"><span class="label">2874</span></a> Mentioned in this and the next Book, as a writer on Precious Stones.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2875_2875"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2875_2875"><span class="label">2875</span></a> Cornelius Alexander. See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2876_2876"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2876_2876"><span class="label">2876</span></a> See end of B. xxx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2877_2877"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2877_2877"><span class="label">2877</span></a> See end of B. xx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2878_2878"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2878_2878"><span class="label">2878</span></a> See end of B. vii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2879_2879"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2879_2879"><span class="label">2879</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2880_2880"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2880_2880"><span class="label">2880</span></a> A Sicilian author of the time of Alexander. In his “Sacred History,” -he interpreted the legends of the popular religion as based upon historical -facts, and taught that the gods of Mythology were only deified men. His -system has been compared with the rationalism of some German theologians, -and Euhemerists were still to be found at the close of last century. -Diodorus Siculus, Polybius, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus have followed -in his track; and the poet Ennius translated his work, which is now lost.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2881_2881"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2881_2881"><span class="label">2881</span></a> A Greek writer on Egypt. He is often quoted by Stephanus Byzantinus, -who says that he was not much younger than Plato. He is mentioned -as a writer on the Pyramids of Egypt, in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_17">17</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2882_2882"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2882_2882"><span class="label">2882</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2883_2883"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2883_2883"><span class="label">2883</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2884_2884"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2884_2884"><span class="label">2884</span></a> From the mention made of him in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_17">17</a> of this Book, he must -have lived in the first century before, or the first century after Christ.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2885_2885"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2885_2885"><span class="label">2885</span></a> Possibly Antisthenes of Rhodes, a historian who lived about 200 <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2886_2886"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2886_2886"><span class="label">2886</span></a> Possibly the author mentioned by Athenæus, B. xv. as having written -on Egypt. He is mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_17">17</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2887_2887"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2887_2887"><span class="label">2887</span></a> Hardouin thinks that he is the same person as Hermateles, mentioned -by Tertullian, <cite>De Spectaculis</cite>, c. 8, as having written on Obelisks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2888_2888"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2888_2888"><span class="label">2888</span></a> A native of Naucratis, in Egypt, who wrote a work on that country, -mentioned by Athenæus, and some Poems.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2889_2889"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2889_2889"><span class="label">2889</span></a> In B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_4">4</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2890_2890"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2890_2890"><span class="label">2890</span></a> This being imposed as a punishment on him, in remembrance of his -sacrilegious crimes, when released by Jupiter from the rock. Prometheus -and Vulcan, as Ajasson remarks, are personifications of fire, employed for -artistic purposes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2891_2891"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2891_2891"><span class="label">2891</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_6">6</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2892_2892"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2892_2892"><span class="label">2892</span></a> For ultimately, Oroetes, the satrap of Sardes, contrived to allure him -into his power, and had him crucified, <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 522. Fuller, in his <cite>Worthies</cite>, -p. 370, tells a very similar story of the loss and recovery of his ring by -one Anderson, a merchant of Newcastle-on-Tyne; and Zuinglius gives a -similar statement with reference to Arnulph, duke of Lorraine, who dropped -his ring into the Moselle, and recovered it from the belly of a fish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2893_2893"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2893_2893"><span class="label">2893</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_23">23</a>. According to Herodotus, Pausanias, Dionysius of -Halicarnassus, and Suidas, the stone was an emerald; and Lessing thinks -that there was no figure engraved on it. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_4">4</a> of this Book. -Without vouching for the truth of it, we give the following extract from -the <cite>London Journal</cite>, Vol. xxiii. No. 592. “A vine-dresser of Albano, -near Rome, is said to have found in a vineyard, the celebrated ring of -Polycrates.—The stone is of considerable size, and oblong in form. The -engraving on it, by Theodore of Samos, the son of Talikles, is of extraordinary -fineness and beauty. It represents a lyre, with three bees flying -about; below, on the right, a dolphin; on the left, the head of a bull. -The name of the engraver is inscribed in Greek characters. The upper -surface of the stone is slightly concave, not highly polished, and one -corner broken. It is asserted that the possessor has been offered 50,000 -dollars for it.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2894_2894"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2894_2894"><span class="label">2894</span></a> “Achates.” A variegated chalcedony. It was probably what is -called, from its radiated streaks, a <em>fortification agate</em>. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54">54</a> of -this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2895_2895"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2895_2895"><span class="label">2895</span></a> Ajasson remarks that there can be little doubt that Nature had at -least been very extensively seconded by Art.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2896_2896"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2896_2896"><span class="label">2896</span></a> “Choraules.” One who accompanies the chorus on the pipe or flute.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2897_2897"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2897_2897"><span class="label">2897</span></a> “Smaragdus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2898_2898"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2898_2898"><span class="label">2898</span></a> One of the Danaïdes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2899_2899"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2899_2899"><span class="label">2899</span></a> This is said with reference to the one in the Temple of Concord, -mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_2">2</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2900_2900"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2900_2900"><span class="label">2900</span></a> But see Exodus xxvii. 9, <em>et seq.</em>, where it is shown that the practice -existed many hundreds of years before.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2901_2901"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2901_2901"><span class="label">2901</span></a> See B. vii. c. 38; where marble is the substance named. There are -still two gems in existence said to have been engraved by this artist; but -by some they are thought to be spurious.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2902_2902"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2902_2902"><span class="label">2902</span></a> There are many precious stones with his name, still extant: but only -six appear to have been really engraved by him.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2903_2903"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2903_2903"><span class="label">2903</span></a> This signet is mentioned also by Plutarch and Valerius Maximus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2904_2904"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2904_2904"><span class="label">2904</span></a> See B. iii. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2905_2905"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2905_2905"><span class="label">2905</span></a> The younger Africanus. This circumstance is mentioned in the -Epitome of Livy, B. xlviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2906_2906"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2906_2906"><span class="label">2906</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_5">5</a>, and end of Book ix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2907_2907"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2907_2907"><span class="label">2907</span></a> In reference to the ambiguous part which he acted, Ajasson thinks, -in the early part of his career.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2908_2908"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2908_2908"><span class="label">2908</span></a> In reference to the story of Œdipus and the Sphinx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2909_2909"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2909_2909"><span class="label">2909</span></a> A Greek word, signifying a “repository of kings.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2910_2910"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2910_2910"><span class="label">2910</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_24">24</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2911_2911"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2911_2911"><span class="label">2911</span></a> The sister of Augustus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2912_2912"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2912_2912"><span class="label">2912</span></a> See B. xxxiii c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_53">53</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2913_2913"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2913_2913"><span class="label">2913</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_8">8</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2914_2914"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2914_2914"><span class="label">2914</span></a> “Acta.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2915_2915"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2915_2915"><span class="label">2915</span></a> Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_7">7</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2916_2916"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2916_2916"><span class="label">2916</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 693.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2917_2917"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2917_2917"><span class="label">2917</span></a> 30th of September.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2918_2918"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2918_2918"><span class="label">2918</span></a> “Alveum lusorium.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2919_2919"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2919_2919"><span class="label">2919</span></a> Probably meaning a shrine dedicated to the Muses.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2920_2920"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2920_2920"><span class="label">2920</span></a> See B. ii. c. 78, and B. vii. c. 60.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2921_2921"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2921_2921"><span class="label">2921</span></a> That of Africa.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2922_2922"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2922_2922"><span class="label">2922</span></a> See B. vii. c. 27.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2923_2923"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2923_2923"><span class="label">2923</span></a> As was the case, after the murder of Pompey in Egypt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2924_2924"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2924_2924"><span class="label">2924</span></a> Caligula.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2925_2925"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2925_2925"><span class="label">2925</span></a> Modern writers differ as to the material of which these vessels were -composed. Some think that they were of variegated glass, and others of -onyx; but the more general opinion is, that they were Chinese porcelain, -and we have the line in Propertius, B. iv. El. 5, l. 26. “And murrhine -vessels baked on Parthian hearths.” Ajasson is of opinion, from the description -given by Pliny, that these vessels were made of Fluor spar, or -fluate of lime. “Myrrhine” is another reading of the word.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2926_2926"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2926_2926"><span class="label">2926</span></a> “Ante hos annos.” Sillig is of opinion that the reading here should -be “L. Annius,” and that L. Annius Bassus, who was Consul suffectus in -the year 70 <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span>, is the person referred to; or possibly, T. Arrius Antoninus, -who was Consul suffectus, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 69.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2927_2927"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2927_2927"><span class="label">2927</span></a> The Gardens of Nero, in the Fourteenth Region of the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2928_2928"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2928_2928"><span class="label">2928</span></a> He had been formerly a sharer in the debaucheries of Nero. Tacitus -called him “Caius.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2929_2929"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2929_2929"><span class="label">2929</span></a> See B. vi. cc. 27, 28, 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2930_2930"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2930_2930"><span class="label">2930</span></a> Ajasson is of opinion that this passage bears reference to crystallization. -Both he and Desfontaines see in the present Chapter a very exact -description of Fluor spar; and there is certainly great difficulty in recognizing -any affinity between murrhine vessels, as here described, and porcelain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2931_2931"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2931_2931"><span class="label">2931</span></a> “Abacus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2932_2932"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2932_2932"><span class="label">2932</span></a> In the preceding <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_7">Chapter</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2933_2933"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2933_2933"><span class="label">2933</span></a> Meaning that they are semitransparent, Ajasson thinks. One great -characteristic of Fluor spar is its being subtranslucent.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2934_2934"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2934_2934"><span class="label">2934</span></a> This would appear to be the meaning here of “sales.” See p. <a href="#Page_396">396</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2935_2935"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2935_2935"><span class="label">2935</span></a> One of the grounds, Ajasson says, on which may be based the -opinion that they were artificial.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2936_2936"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2936_2936"><span class="label">2936</span></a> Colourless crystals, quartz, or rock crystal; called “white stone” in -jewellery.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2937_2937"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2937_2937"><span class="label">2937</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_45">45</a>. This was a very general opinion of the ancients -with respect to crystal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2938_2938"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2938_2938"><span class="label">2938</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Κρύσταλλος</span>, from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κρύος</span>, “cold.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2939_2939"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2939_2939"><span class="label">2939</span></a> See B. v. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2940_2940"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2940_2940"><span class="label">2940</span></a> In Caria, see B. v. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2941_2941"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2941_2941"><span class="label">2941</span></a> The Island “of the dead.” Brotero supposes it to be the island of -Maceira.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2942_2942"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2942_2942"><span class="label">2942</span></a> See B. vi. c. 34. As Ajasson remarks, there could be no snow or ice -here.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2943_2943"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2943_2943"><span class="label">2943</span></a> See B. iv. c. 35.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2944_2944"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2944_2944"><span class="label">2944</span></a> Dioscorides attributes the hardening of crystal to the action of the sun.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2945_2945"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2945_2945"><span class="label">2945</span></a> “Its shape is rhombohedral, and hemihedral in some of its modifications. -The planes on the angles between the prism and pyramidal terminations, -incline sometimes to the right, and sometimes to the left, and the -crystals are termed right and left-handed crystals.”—Dana, <cite>System of -Mineralogy</cite>, Art. <cite>Quartz</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2946_2946"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2946_2946"><span class="label">2946</span></a> Ajasson remarks that blocks have been found in Switzerland, weighing -above eight hundred pounds.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2947_2947"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2947_2947"><span class="label">2947</span></a> Forty-eight sextarii. See Introduction to Vol. III.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2948_2948"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2948_2948"><span class="label">2948</span></a> This “vomica,” Ajasson says, is either water, azote, rarified oxygen, -or water in combination with naphtha.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2949_2949"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2949_2949"><span class="label">2949</span></a> “Centra,” knots, or flaws. See B. xvi. c. 76, where he speaks of -the “centra” in marble. See also Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 471. -<cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2950_2950"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2950_2950"><span class="label">2950</span></a> “Sale.” See Note <a href="#Footnote_2934_2934">2934</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2951_2951"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2951_2951"><span class="label">2951</span></a> “Without flaw.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2952_2952"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2952_2952"><span class="label">2952</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_67">67</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2953_2953"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2953_2953"><span class="label">2953</span></a> “Succinum.” It is of vegetable origin, and, according to Göppert, -was originally the viscous resin of a tree named by him <em>Pinites succinifer</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2954_2954"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2954_2954"><span class="label">2954</span></a> It is used by men, more particularly, at the present day, as a mouthpiece -for pipes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2955_2955"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2955_2955"><span class="label">2955</span></a> As to the <em>vegetable</em> origin of amber, there is no doubt that the ancients -were right.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2956_2956"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2956_2956"><span class="label">2956</span></a> Most probably from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἥλιος</span>, the “sun.” Phaëthon was fabled to -have been the son of Apollo. See the story in Ovid’s Met. B. ii. l. 340, <em>et -seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2957_2957"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2957_2957"><span class="label">2957</span></a> Where amber was not to be found.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2958_2958"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2958_2958"><span class="label">2958</span></a> In reality, these “Amber Islands” were situate at the mouth of the -Vistula, into which the Radanus discharged itself; a river whose name was -afterwards confounded with “Eridanus,” the ancient name of the Padus, -or Po. See B. iv. cc. 27, 30, as to the produce of amber in the Baltic.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2959_2959"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2959_2959"><span class="label">2959</span></a> Another reference to its vegetable origin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2960_2960"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2960_2960"><span class="label">2960</span></a> De Lapid. n. 53.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2961_2961"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2961_2961"><span class="label">2961</span></a> In confirmation of this, Ajasson remarks that amber is found at -Saint Paulet in the Department Du Gard, and at Aix, in the Department -of Bouches-du-Rhône, regions not very distant from the territory of ancient -Liguria.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2962_2962"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2962_2962"><span class="label">2962</span></a> It has been supposed by some that this in reality was Tourmaline, -and Woodward has identified it with Belemnites. See Beckmann, Hist. -Inv. Vol. I. p. 86. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite> See further as to “Lyncurium,” -B. viii. c. 57, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_13">13</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2963_2963"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2963_2963"><span class="label">2963</span></a> See B. iv. c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2964_2964"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2964_2964"><span class="label">2964</span></a> See B. iv. c. 27.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2965_2965"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2965_2965"><span class="label">2965</span></a> Said in reference to the electric spark, Ajasson thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2966_2966"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2966_2966"><span class="label">2966</span></a> In Hebrew, this word means “a stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2967_2967"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2967_2967"><span class="label">2967</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἁρπάζω</span>, “to drag.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2968_2968"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2968_2968"><span class="label">2968</span></a> See B. x. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2969_2969"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2969_2969"><span class="label">2969</span></a> All this is based, Ajasson thinks, upon the stories of Hindoo mythology.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2970_2970"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2970_2970"><span class="label">2970</span></a> The old reading is “Osericta:” Ajasson identifies it with the island -of Oësel in the Baltic.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2971_2971"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2971_2971"><span class="label">2971</span></a> See B. x. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2972_2972"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2972_2972"><span class="label">2972</span></a> See B. iv. cc. 27, 30, and the Notes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2973_2973"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2973_2973"><span class="label">2973</span></a> See B. iv. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2974_2974"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2974_2974"><span class="label">2974</span></a> It is just possible that the Pinites succinifer may have still existed, -to some extent, eighteen hundred years ago. See Note <a href="#Footnote_2953_2953">2953</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2975_2975"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2975_2975"><span class="label">2975</span></a> From “succus,” “juice.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2976_2976"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2976_2976"><span class="label">2976</span></a> Goitre, for example.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2977_2977"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2977_2977"><span class="label">2977</span></a> The projecting part in the Circus or Amphitheatre, next the arena, -and immediately in front of the place occupied by the emperor and nobles.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2978_2978"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2978_2978"><span class="label">2978</span></a> The knots, probably, were adorned with studs or buttons of amber.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2979_2979"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2979_2979"><span class="label">2979</span></a> “Libitina.” Meaning the litters on which the slain gladiators were -carried away from the arena.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2980_2980"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2980_2980"><span class="label">2980</span></a> Martial has three Epigrams on Insects enclosed in amber; B. iv. -Ep. 32 and 59, and B. vi. Ep. 15.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2981_2981"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2981_2981"><span class="label">2981</span></a> These so-called kinds or varieties are mostly accidental variations -only in appearance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2982_2982"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2982_2982"><span class="label">2982</span></a> Which is perceptible on its being rubbed: in some cases the odour of -amber is very fine, in others it is perfectly fetid; though in the latter -case, as Ajasson remarks, it is doubtful whether it may be considered to -be genuine amber.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2983_2983"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2983_2983"><span class="label">2983</span></a> “Lini.” Salmasius suggests “pini,” “pith of pine.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2984_2984"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2984_2984"><span class="label">2984</span></a> “Golden amber.” Brotero thinks that this must have been Hyacinth -or Zirconite of a yellowish white colour. Ajasson says that the description -would equally apply to Idocrase, Meionite, or Harmotome.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2985_2985"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2985_2985"><span class="label">2985</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_2962_2962">2962</a>, above. Brotero identifies it with orange-coloured -Hyacinth; Ajasson and Desfontaines with Tourmaline. Ajasson suggests, -also, that the first syllabic in its name—<em>Lync</em>, may have been derived from -the Sanscrit <em>Lanka</em>, the name of Ceylon, one of the localities where the -Tourmaline is chiefly found.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2986_2986"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2986_2986"><span class="label">2986</span></a> Ajasson thinks that Rubellite or Red Tourmaline is here alluded to.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2987_2987"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2987_2987"><span class="label">2987</span></a> This is the case with tourmaline when subjected to heat.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2988_2988"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2988_2988"><span class="label">2988</span></a> We may here remark, that throughout this Book, in all cases where -there is any doubt as to the identification of the substance, the ancient -name is retained. Hence our words “adamant” and “diamond.” If Pliny -means the latter, which is doubtful, it still maintains the rank here assigned -to it. The word “adamas” is supposed to be derived from the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἀ</span>, -privative, and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">δαμάω</span>, “to subdue,” it being supposed to be invincible by -fire. The diamond is pure carbon crystallized, and is thought to have been -of vegetable origin. Dana has the following remarks upon the word -“adamas.”—“This name was applied by the ancients to several minerals -differing much in their physical properties. A few of these are quartz, -specular iron ore, emery, and other substances of rather high degrees of -hardness, which cannot now be identified. It is doubtful whether Pliny -had any acquaintance with the real diamond.”—<cite>System of Mineralogy</cite>, Art. -<cite>Diamond</cite>. We may also add, from the same authority, that the method of -polishing diamonds was first discovered in 1456, by Louis Berquen, a citizen -of Bruges, previous to which time the diamond was only known in its -native uncut state.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2989_2989"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2989_2989"><span class="label">2989</span></a> This statement cannot apply to the “diamond” as known to us, -though occasionally grains of gold have been found in the vicinity of the -diamond.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2990_2990"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2990_2990"><span class="label">2990</span></a> Ajasson is of opinion that the Æthiopia here mentioned is in reality -India, and that the “Temple of Mercury” means the <em>Brahmaloka</em>, or Temple -of Brahma.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2991_2991"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2991_2991"><span class="label">2991</span></a> The diamond, as known to us, is octahedral.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2992_2992"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2992_2992"><span class="label">2992</span></a> Though found in comparative abundance in India, the diamond is not -found in Arabia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2993_2993"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2993_2993"><span class="label">2993</span></a> This is not the case with the diamond; for on being struck under such -circumstances, it will break.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2994_2994"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2994_2994"><span class="label">2994</span></a> In reality, the diamond will burn, and, at a temperature of 14° Wedgewood, -is wholly consumed, producing carbonic acid gas.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2995_2995"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2995_2995"><span class="label">2995</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_2988_2988">2988</a>, above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2996_2996"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2996_2996"><span class="label">2996</span></a> “Millet-seed.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2997_2997"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2997_2997"><span class="label">2997</span></a> Ajasson says, that no doubt this adamas was Adamantine, or limpid -Corundum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2998_2998"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2998_2998"><span class="label">2998</span></a> Ajasson suggests that this may have been Dichroite, or Cordierite, -known also as Iolite, or Water sapphire.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2999_2999"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2999_2999"><span class="label">2999</span></a> Possibly the Siderite, sparry iron, or spathic iron of modern Mineralogy. -Ajasson is inclined to think that it is Corundum, of a dark hue.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3000_3000"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3000_3000"><span class="label">3000</span></a> See B. xx. c. 1, B. xxviii. cc. 23, 41, and B. xxxii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_12">12</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3001_3001"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3001_3001"><span class="label">3001</span></a> Brotero thinks that this was a story invented by the dealers, with a -view of concealing the real method of breaking the stone.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3002_3002"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3002_3002"><span class="label">3002</span></a> Said, probably, with reference to the rank, nauseous smell of the he-goat.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3003_3003"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3003_3003"><span class="label">3003</span></a> This is true with reference to the diamond, and, in a less degree, -several other crystalline substances, emery and quartz, for example.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3004_3004"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3004_3004"><span class="label">3004</span></a> Ajasson remarks, that if the diamond is placed in the magnetic line -or current of the loadstone, it attracts iron equally with the loadstone, -and consequently neutralizes the attractive power of the loadstone in a -considerable degree.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3005_3005"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3005_3005"><span class="label">3005</span></a> The reading is very doubtful here. This word, as it is here given, -would appear to be derived from the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἀ</span> privative, and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἄγχομαι</span>, -“to strangle oneself,” and to mean, “preventive of suicide.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3006_3006"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3006_3006"><span class="label">3006</span></a> See B. iv. c. 27, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3007_3007"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3007_3007"><span class="label">3007</span></a> At the present day the ruby is next in esteem to the diamond.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3008_3008"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3008_3008"><span class="label">3008</span></a> Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54">54</a>, <em>et seq.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3009_3009"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3009_3009"><span class="label">3009</span></a> The Emerald, and various other green precious stones, were included -under this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3010_3010"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3010_3010"><span class="label">3010</span></a> “Virentes” seems a very preferable reading to “silentes,” as given -by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3011_3011"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3011_3011"><span class="label">3011</span></a> The emerald is supposed to derive this colour from a minute portion -of oxide of chrome.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3012_3012"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3012_3012"><span class="label">3012</span></a> Engraved emeralds are but seldom found among collections of ancient -gems. In 1593, there was one found in the tomb of Maria, daughter of -Stilicho, in the Vatican, with the head of Honorius, her husband, engraved -upon it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3013_3013"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3013_3013"><span class="label">3013</span></a> “It may here be objected that real emeralds are too small to admit -of being used as mirrors; but the ancients speak of some sufficiently large -for that purpose, and also of artificial ones; so that we may with certainty -conclude, that they classed among the emeralds fluor spar, green vitrified -lava, or the green Icelandic agate, as it is called, green jasper, and also green -glass.”—Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 67. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite> It has -also been suggested, with reference to this passage, that Nero was short-sighted, -and that this emerald was formed like a concave lens. The passage, -however, will hardly support such a construction. Ajasson thinks that it -must have been a Dioptase or Siberian emerald; or else a green Corundum.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3014_3014"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3014_3014"><span class="label">3014</span></a> Ajasson is of opinion that the Dioptase, Siberian emerald, or Malachite -emerald is meant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3015_3015"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3015_3015"><span class="label">3015</span></a> Ajasson thinks that this may be the Dioptase or Achirite of Chinese -Bucharia; and that the merchant Achir Mahmed, from whom it takes its -name, was by no means the first to introduce it, or to circulate his wonderful -stories as to its formation.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3016_3016"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3016_3016"><span class="label">3016</span></a> See B. ii. cc. 47, 48, and B. xviii. c. 74.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3017_3017"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3017_3017"><span class="label">3017</span></a> Mount Zalora. in Upper Egypt, still produces emeralds, and was probably -the only locality of the <em>genuine</em> stone that was known to the ancients.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3018_3018"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3018_3018"><span class="label">3018</span></a> “Cetarias.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3019_3019"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3019_3019"><span class="label">3019</span></a> Ajasson remarks that the greater part of the defects here described -belong in reality to the Dioptase.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3020_3020"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3020_3020"><span class="label">3020</span></a> “Sal.” See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_8">8</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_10">10</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_22">22</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_37">37</a>, of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3021_3021"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3021_3021"><span class="label">3021</span></a> Ajasson is of opinion that Diallage is here meant, known also by the -names of Bronzite, schillerspath, schillerstein, and omphasite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3022_3022"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3022_3022"><span class="label">3022</span></a> See B. iv. c. 11.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3023_3023"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3023_3023"><span class="label">3023</span></a> “In sole” seems a preferable reading to “in solo,” “on the ground,” -as given by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3024_3024"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3024_3024"><span class="label">3024</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_39">39</a> of this Book; where it will be shown that this probably -is not the modern Sapphire.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3025_3025"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3025_3025"><span class="label">3025</span></a> Ajasson suggests that these may have been Quartz agates of the -dendritic or arborized kind.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3026_3026"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3026_3026"><span class="label">3026</span></a> He probably alludes here to some variety of the Chalcedony or Opal -quartz.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3027_3027"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3027_3027"><span class="label">3027</span></a> Said with reference to Chrysoprase, Ajasson thinks; a leek-green -chalcedony, coloured by nickel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3028_3028"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3028_3028"><span class="label">3028</span></a> Probably the Cacholong of modern mineralogy, a variety of opal, -nearly opaque, and of a porcelain or bluish white colour.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3029_3029"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3029_3029"><span class="label">3029</span></a> Ajasson and Brotero identify this with milk-white chalcedony; but -on what authority, does not appear.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3030_3030"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3030_3030"><span class="label">3030</span></a> See B. iv. c. 8.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3031_3031"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3031_3031"><span class="label">3031</span></a> Supposed by Ajasson to be the Euclase, a brittle green stone, composed -of silica, alumina, and glucina. Haüy gave it this name from the -Greek words <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">εὖ</span>, “easily” and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κλάω</span>, “to break.” According to Dana, -however, Euclase was first brought from Peru: if such is the fact, we must, -perhaps, look for its identification in Epidote, a green silicate of alumina.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3032_3032"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3032_3032"><span class="label">3032</span></a> “Brazen smaragdus.” It was probably Dioptase, combined with copper -Pyrites. See Notes <a href="#Footnote_3013_3013">3013</a>, <a href="#Footnote_3014_3014">3014</a>, and <a href="#Footnote_3015_3015">3015</a>, above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3033_3033"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3033_3033"><span class="label">3033</span></a> With reference to this statement and the others in this Chapter, -Ajasson remarks that these stones can have been nothing but prases, green -jaspers, fusible spaths, emerald quartz, and fluates of lime.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3034_3034"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3034_3034"><span class="label">3034</span></a> Herodotus mentions this smaragdus and the temple, B. ii. c. 44, as -having been seen by himself.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3035_3035"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3035_3035"><span class="label">3035</span></a> “Iaspis.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_37">37</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3036_3036"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3036_3036"><span class="label">3036</span></a> Meaning “the conqueror of many,” probably; in reference to his -contentious disposition. See end of B. xxx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3037_3037"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3037_3037"><span class="label">3037</span></a> The Beryl and the Emerald are only varieties of the same species, the -latter owing its colour to oxide of chrome, the former to oxide of iron.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3038_3038"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3038_3038"><span class="label">3038</span></a> The best Beryls are found in Siberia, Hindostan, Brazil, and the -United States.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3039_3039"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3039_3039"><span class="label">3039</span></a> The crystals are naturally hexagonal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3040_3040"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3040_3040"><span class="label">3040</span></a> Hence the name of the sky-blue, or mountain-green beryl, <em>aquamarine</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3041_3041"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3041_3041"><span class="label">3041</span></a> Or “golden beryl,” The modern Chrysoberyl is altogether a different -stone from the one here described, which probably is identical with -Chrysoprase or leek-green Chalcedony, the stone next mentioned.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3042_3042"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3042_3042"><span class="label">3042</span></a> “Leek-green and gold.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3043_3043"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3043_3043"><span class="label">3043</span></a> “Sky-coloured.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3044_3044"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3044_3044"><span class="label">3044</span></a> The largest specimen of Beryl known, belonged to Don Pedro. It -was not cylindrical in form, but shaped like the head of a calf, and weighed -225 ounces troy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3045_3045"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3045_3045"><span class="label">3045</span></a> Which is the case.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3046_3046"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3046_3046"><span class="label">3046</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_18">18</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3047_3047"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3047_3047"><span class="label">3047</span></a> “Pterygia.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3048_3048"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3048_3048"><span class="label">3048</span></a> In the Uralian Mountains, for example.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3049_3049"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3049_3049"><span class="label">3049</span></a> Opals are hydrated silica, the amount of water varying.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3050_3050"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3050_3050"><span class="label">3050</span></a> On the contrary, precious Opal is found in Hungary, at Frankfort, -and in Honduras, and other varieties in numerous parts of the world, including -the East Indies.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3051_3051"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3051_3051"><span class="label">3051</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_25">25</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3052_3052"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3052_3052"><span class="label">3052</span></a> See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_28">28</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3053_3053"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3053_3053"><span class="label">3053</span></a> The largest opal known is in the Imperial cabinet at Vienna. It is -the size of a man’s fist, and weighs 17 ounces, but is full of fissures.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3054_3054"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3054_3054"><span class="label">3054</span></a> See Carm. 53 of the Poems of Catullus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3055_3055"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3055_3055"><span class="label">3055</span></a> <span class="smcap lowercase">A.U.C.</span> 788.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3056_3056"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3056_3056"><span class="label">3056</span></a> See B. viii. c. 47. He alludes to the story of the Beaver.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3057_3057"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3057_3057"><span class="label">3057</span></a> See B. xxii. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3058_3058"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3058_3058"><span class="label">3058</span></a> This is the case with <em>common</em> opal, as distinguished from <em>precious</em> opal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3059_3059"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3059_3059"><span class="label">3059</span></a> “Lovely youth.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3060_3060"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3060_3060"><span class="label">3060</span></a> Said ironically. There is a somewhat similar remark in B. xxxiii. -c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_12">12</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3061_3061"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3061_3061"><span class="label">3061</span></a> A mixture of brown-red and white chalcedony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3062_3062"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3062_3062"><span class="label">3062</span></a> From the Greek <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Σάρδιον</span>, “sard,” and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ὄνυξ</span>, a “finger nail.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3063_3063"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3063_3063"><span class="label">3063</span></a> His meaning seems to be that it does not present the bright transparent -red of the Indian Sarda or Carnelian. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_31">31</a> of this -Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3064_3064"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3064_3064"><span class="label">3064</span></a> “Quâdam spe.” <em>Un soupçon</em>, as the French would say.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3065_3065"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3065_3065"><span class="label">3065</span></a> This would appear, from the description, to be an Agate, or variegated -Chalcedony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3066_3066"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3066_3066"><span class="label">3066</span></a> He probably intends to include the Sarda or Carnelian here.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3067_3067"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3067_3067"><span class="label">3067</span></a> A variety, probably, of common Chalcedony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3068_3068"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3068_3068"><span class="label">3068</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 74, 88, and B. xxxii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3069_3069"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3069_3069"><span class="label">3069</span></a> “Fæculentæ,” of the colour of wine-lees.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3070_3070"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3070_3070"><span class="label">3070</span></a> So called from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ὄνυξ</span>, a “finger-nail.” It is a variety of the Chalcedony, -resembling Agate, but the colours are arranged in flat horizontal -planes.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3071_3071"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3071_3071"><span class="label">3071</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a>, and B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_12">12</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3072_3072"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3072_3072"><span class="label">3072</span></a> It is pretty clear that the Onyx of Pliny included not only our Onyx, -but several other varieties of the Chalcedony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3073_3073"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3073_3073"><span class="label">3073</span></a> “Igniculos.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3074_3074"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3074_3074"><span class="label">3074</span></a> “Carnosas.” It is somewhat doubtful whether our Carnelian, or -Cornelian, take its name from this word, or from “cornus,” a cornel-berry.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3075_3075"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3075_3075"><span class="label">3075</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_31">31</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3076_3076"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3076_3076"><span class="label">3076</span></a> Literally meaning a “red-hot coal.” The carbunculus of Pliny is -supposed to include not only the red, or Iron and Iron-lime garnet, but -the Spinelle ruby also, or Oriental ruby.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3077_3077"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3077_3077"><span class="label">3077</span></a> There is some truth in this, as some few kinds both of the Garnet and -Ruby are infusible. Of the ruby, the red varieties change to brown, black, -and opaque even, as the temperature increases, and on cooling become first -green, and then nearly colourless, but at last resume their red colour.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3078_3078"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3078_3078"><span class="label">3078</span></a> From the Greek; meaning “incombustible.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3079_3079"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3079_3079"><span class="label">3079</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Καρχήδων</span>, the Greek name for Carthage.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3080_3080"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3080_3080"><span class="label">3080</span></a> Carthago Magna, so called in contradistinction to Carthage Nova, or -New Carthage, in Spain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3081_3081"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3081_3081"><span class="label">3081</span></a> See B. v. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3082_3082"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3082_3082"><span class="label">3082</span></a> In the vicinity of Orthosia. It is from this place that one kind of -garnet is now called “Almandine.” There is also the Almandine, or -violet-coloured ruby. Sec Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 238. <cite>Bohn’s -Edition.</cite> It is probable that Carthage was the great entrepôt for the carbunculi -of the Garamantes and Æthiopia, where Red sapphire, Red corundum, -or Oriental ruby, was probably found.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3083_3083"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3083_3083"><span class="label">3083</span></a> A variety, perhaps, of Iron garnet, or Iron-lime garnet.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3084_3084"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3084_3084"><span class="label">3084</span></a> Desfontaines suggests that this may have been the Balas ruby, or -possibly the Syrian Garnet, of a violet purple colour. Not improbably it -is the Almandine ruby.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3085_3085"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3085_3085"><span class="label">3085</span></a> “Pinnato fulgore.” This mottled appearance is to be seen in the -interior of some red garnets.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3086_3086"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3086_3086"><span class="label">3086</span></a> Common garnets, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3087_3087"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3087_3087"><span class="label">3087</span></a> Sillig suggests that this may be from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">λιγνὺς</span>, “soot.” The reading, -however, is extremely doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3088_3088"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3088_3088"><span class="label">3088</span></a> See Introduction to Vol. III. If this is the truth, they were made of -some of the crystals of the garnet, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3089_3089"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3089_3089"><span class="label">3089</span></a> De Lapid. see 61.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3090_3090"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3090_3090"><span class="label">3090</span></a> “Pliny has here committed a gross mistake, which has not been observed -by Hardouin. Theophrastus, in the passage alluded to, does not -speak of a ruby, but the well-known black marble of Chio; though he -calls both <em>carbunculus</em>, a name given to the ruby, on account of its likeness -to a burning coal, and to the black marble on account of its resemblance -to a quenched coal or cinder; and the latter, as well as the Obsidian stone, -was sometimes used for mirrors.”—Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. II. pp. 67, -68. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3091_3091"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3091_3091"><span class="label">3091</span></a> “Illos.” He should have said “hos”—“the latter.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3092_3092"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3092_3092"><span class="label">3092</span></a> See B. iv. c. 35; the present Lisbon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3093_3093"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3093_3093"><span class="label">3093</span></a> Dalechamps thinks that this is the same as the “anthracites” mentioned -in B. xxxvi. c. 38, and identifies it either with our Anthracite, or -else with pit-coal or bituminous coal. It is much more likely, however, -that a precious stone is meant; and, in conformity with this opinion, Brotero -and Ajasson have identified it with the Spinelle or scarlet Ruby, and the -Balas or rose-red ruby, magnesiates of alumina.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3094_3094"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3094_3094"><span class="label">3094</span></a> Sec B. iv. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3095_3095"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3095_3095"><span class="label">3095</span></a> “Carbo.” This word may mean either a “burning coal” or “charcoal” -hence the confusion that has arisen in identifying the mineral -substance that is meant.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3096_3096"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3096_3096"><span class="label">3096</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_3077_3077">3077</a>, to Chapter 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3097_3097"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3097_3097"><span class="label">3097</span></a> “Sandaresus” and “Sandasiros” are other readings. This stone -has not been identified, but Ajasson is inclined to think that it may have -been Aventurine quartz, and is the more inclined to this opinion, as that -mineral is found in Persia, and <em>sandastra</em> or <em>tchandastra</em> is purely a Sanscrit -word. The description, however, would hardly seem to apply to -Aventurine.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3098_3098"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3098_3098"><span class="label">3098</span></a> Littré suggests that the reading here probably might be “ob id <em>non</em> -magno”—“sell <em>not</em> so dear.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3099_3099"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3099_3099"><span class="label">3099</span></a> It has not been identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3100_3100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3100_3100"><span class="label">3100</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">λυχνὸς</span>, a “lighted lamp” or “torch.” Brotero is of opinion -that this is the Cherry-coloured ruby, that the Ionian stone is the Purple -ruby, and that the kermes-berry coloured stone is the Scarlet or Spinelle -ruby. From the distinct reference made to its electric nature, Ajasson -identifies it with Tourmaline, a Silicate of alumina. Beckmann is of the -same opinion; Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 88. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3101_3101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3101_3101"><span class="label">3101</span></a> “Remissiorem.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3102_3102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3102_3102"><span class="label">3102</span></a> See B. xxi. cc. 33, 39, where the “Flos Jovis” is mentioned in juxtaposition -with the flower called “lychnis,” either the Umbel’d Campion -rose, or the Common red rose Campion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3103_3103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3103_3103"><span class="label">3103</span></a> “Coccum.” “Kermes-berry coloured.” These kinds probably were, -Indicolite or Blue tourmaline, and Rubellite or Red tourmaline.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3104_3104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3104_3104"><span class="label">3104</span></a> As Beckmann remarks, he should have said that it first attracts, and -then repels them; such being the case with Tourmaline.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3105_3105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3105_3105"><span class="label">3105</span></a> Not identical, most probably, with the Carchedonian or Carthaginian -stone mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_25">25</a>, which was probably a garnet or a ruby. -Ajasson has no doubt that it is identical with jasper quartz, including the -varieties called Striped or Riband jasper, and Egyptian jasper.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3106_3106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3106_3106"><span class="label">3106</span></a> See B. v. c. 5, and B. vii. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3107_3107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3107_3107"><span class="label">3107</span></a> Tourmaline, probably, in combination with other mineral substances.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3108_3108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3108_3108"><span class="label">3108</span></a> Carnelian, a variety of Chalcedony. It is originally grey, or greyish -red, which afterwards turns to a rich, deep, red, on exposure to the sun’s -rays, and subsequently to artificial heat.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3109_3109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3109_3109"><span class="label">3109</span></a> Which supplies the best carnelians at the present day.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3110_3110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3110_3110"><span class="label">3110</span></a> From their mixture, Ajasson says, with argillaceous earth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3111_3111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3111_3111"><span class="label">3111</span></a> Under this name Pliny evidently speaks of the stone known to us as -Chrysolite, and possibly of green agate as well. Our Topaz cannot be -easily recognized in this Chapter, at all events.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3112_3112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3112_3112"><span class="label">3112</span></a> See B. vi. c. 34.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3113_3113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3113_3113"><span class="label">3113</span></a> See B. vi. c. 34.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3114_3114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3114_3114"><span class="label">3114</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Τοπάζω</span> in Greek, signifies “to conjecture.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3115_3115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3115_3115"><span class="label">3115</span></a> It was agate, most probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3116_3116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3116_3116"><span class="label">3116</span></a> “Leek-green.” Ajasson and Desfontaines think that this must -have been either Oriental Chrysolite or Oriental Peridote.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3117_3117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3117_3117"><span class="label">3117</span></a> Some would identify this with Oriental topaz or yellow corundum, a -variety of the Sapphire; while others would see in it the genuine Topaz; -and others, again, think it synonymous with the Chrysoprase. The name -“chrysopteron” means “golden-wing.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3118_3118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3118_3118"><span class="label">3118</span></a> “Leek-green and gold.” An apple or leek-green Chalcedony, coloured -by nickel. See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_20">20</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_34">34</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_73">73</a>, of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3119_3119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3119_3119"><span class="label">3119</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_10">10</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3120_3120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3120_3120"><span class="label">3120</span></a> Dana thinks this identical with the Turquois. Ajasson and Desfontaines -identify it with Oriental Peridote.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3121_3121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3121_3121"><span class="label">3121</span></a> Turquois is found in large quantities in a mountainous district of Persia, -not far from Nichabour; where it occurs in veins which traverse the mountains -in all directions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3122_3122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3122_3122"><span class="label">3122</span></a> Isidorus says, B. xvi. c. 17, that they wore it in the ears. The Shah -of Persia, it is said, retains for his own use all the larger and more finely -tinted specimens of turquois that are found in his dominions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3123_3123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3123_3123"><span class="label">3123</span></a> This story is now regarded as fabulous.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3124_3124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3124_3124"><span class="label">3124</span></a> See B. x. cc. 44, 79.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3125_3125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3125_3125"><span class="label">3125</span></a> The stone now known as “Prase” is a vitreous, leek-green, variety -of massive quartz.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3126_3126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3126_3126"><span class="label">3126</span></a> This may possibly have been Plasma, a faintly translucent Chalcedony, -approaching jasper, having a greenish colour, sprinkled with yellow -and whitish dots, and a glistening lustre. Or, perhaps, Bloodstone or -Heliotrope, a kind of jasper.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3127_3127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3127_3127"><span class="label">3127</span></a> See the preceding Chapter, and Note <a href="#Footnote_3118_3118">3118</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3128_3128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3128_3128"><span class="label">3128</span></a> “Cymbia.” Drinking vessels shaped like a boat.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3129_3129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3129_3129"><span class="label">3129</span></a> Or “Nile-stone.” Egyptian jasper, or Egyptian pebble, a kind of -quartz.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3130_3130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3130_3130"><span class="label">3130</span></a> Our Malachite, a green carbonate of copper. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_26">26</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3131_3131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3131_3131"><span class="label">3131</span></a> Called <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">μολόχη</span> or <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">μαλάχη</span> in Greek.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3132_3132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3132_3132"><span class="label">3132</span></a> Also of Siberia, Shetland, the United States, and numerous other -localities.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3133_3133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3133_3133"><span class="label">3133</span></a> Meadow-green jasper.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3134_3134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3134_3134"><span class="label">3134</span></a> Salmasius erroneously takes this to be the Turquoise. It is our sky-blue -jasper, no doubt. See Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. I. p. 471, <cite>Bohn’s -Edition</cite>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3135_3135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3135_3135"><span class="label">3135</span></a> See B. vi. c. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3136_3136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3136_3136"><span class="label">3136</span></a> The Bamberg MS. gives “Calchedon” here.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3137_3137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3137_3137"><span class="label">3137</span></a> Namely, <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">πορφυρίζουσα</span>, <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ῥοδίζουσα </span>, and <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">σμαραγδίζουσα</span>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3138_3138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3138_3138"><span class="label">3138</span></a> “Northern,” apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3139_3139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3139_3139"><span class="label">3139</span></a> “Sky-blue,” mentioned above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3140_3140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3140_3140"><span class="label">3140</span></a> See Chapter 31. Red jasper, or perhaps Red porphyry.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3141_3141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3141_3141"><span class="label">3141</span></a> “Aut” appeals to be a preferable reading to the “ut” of the Bamberg -MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3142_3142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3142_3142"><span class="label">3142</span></a> See B. xv. cc. 12, 13.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3143_3143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3143_3143"><span class="label">3143</span></a> “Terebinthizusa.” Yellow jasper, Ajasson says.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3144_3144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3144_3144"><span class="label">3144</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_18">18</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3145_3145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3145_3145"><span class="label">3145</span></a> “Seal-stone.” A kind of carnelian, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3146_3146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3146_3146"><span class="label">3146</span></a> “Publico gemmarum dominio iis tantum dato, quoniam optime signent.” -The above is the sense given to the passage by Holland, Ajasson, -and Littré; but another translation may also be suggested—“A stone to -which alone, by general consent, is awarded the custody of precious stones, -from the fact that it makes the best impression as a seal.” In reference -to the custom of putting a seal on the dactyliothecæ, or jewel-caskets. See -page 80 of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3147_3147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3147_3147"><span class="label">3147</span></a> “Single-lined.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3148_3148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3148_3148"><span class="label">3148</span></a> “Many-lined.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3149_3149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3149_3149"><span class="label">3149</span></a> Albertus Magnus, De Mineral. B. ii., has several other stories respecting -it of a similar nature.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3150_3150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3150_3150"><span class="label">3150</span></a> Jasper onyx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3151_3151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3151_3151"><span class="label">3151</span></a> Identified by Ajasson with snow-flake chalcedony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3152_3152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3152_3152"><span class="label">3152</span></a> Spotted jasper onyx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3153_3153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3153_3153"><span class="label">3153</span></a> See B. xxxi. c. 41.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3154_3154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3154_3154"><span class="label">3154</span></a> Smoked jasper onyx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3155_3155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3155_3155"><span class="label">3155</span></a> It is still used for making vases, boxes, knife-handles, and other articles, -and is much used in the manufacture of Florentine mosaics. We -may also remark, that the “iaspis” of Pliny probably included some stones -not of the jasper kind.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3156_3156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3156_3156"><span class="label">3156</span></a> “Azure stone;” generally supposed to have been a species of Lapis -lazuli or azure. Beckmann is of opinion that it was a mineral or mountain -blue, tinged with copper.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3157_3157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3157_3157"><span class="label">3157</span></a> It is found in China, Persia, Siberia, and Bucharia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3158_3158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3158_3158"><span class="label">3158</span></a> Ultramarine is prepared from Lapis lazuli, and an artificial kind is -extensively in use, which equals the native in permanency and brilliancy -of colour, and is very extensively employed in the arts. Theophrastus, -De Lapid. sec. 55, speaks of this artificial ultramarine.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3159_3159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3159_3159"><span class="label">3159</span></a> This must not be taken for the Sapphire of the present day, but was -most probably Lapis lazuli, and identical, perhaps, with Cyanos. Beckmann -has devoted considerable attention to this subject; Hist. Inv. Vol. I. -pp. 468-473. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3160_3160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3160_3160"><span class="label">3160</span></a> Particles of iron pyrites, probably, which are frequently to be seen -in Lapis lazuli.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3161_3161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3161_3161"><span class="label">3161</span></a> Quartz, probably, according to some authorities.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3162_3162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3162_3162"><span class="label">3162</span></a> So called, according to some authorities, from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἀ</span>, “not,” <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">μεθύω</span>, “to -intoxicate,” on account of its being a supposed preservative against inebriety. -Ajasson is of opinion that Pliny does not here speaks of the Quartz Amethyst -of modern mineralogy, but only the Oriental Amethyst, violet Sapphire, -or violet Corundum. It is not improbable, however, that he includes -them all, as well as violet Fluor spar, and some other purple stones; inclusive, -possibly, of the Garnet.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3163_3163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3163_3163"><span class="label">3163</span></a> He is probably speaking <em>here</em> of violet Fluor spar; Oriental amethyst, -or violet sapphire, it is next to impossible to engrave.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3164_3164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3164_3164"><span class="label">3164</span></a> See B. ix. c. 62.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3165_3165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3165_3165"><span class="label">3165</span></a> The city of Pharan, mentioned by St. Jerome and Eusebius.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3166_3166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3166_3166"><span class="label">3166</span></a> “In suspectu.” See B. xxi. c. 22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3167_3167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3167_3167"><span class="label">3167</span></a> “Lovely youth.” The Opal has been thus called in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_22">22</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3168_3168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3168_3168"><span class="label">3168</span></a> “Avenger of slighted love.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3169_3169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3169_3169"><span class="label">3169</span></a> “Veneris gena;” called in Greek “Aphrodites blepharon.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3170_3170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3170_3170"><span class="label">3170</span></a> Which is most probable; however untrue the story itself may be. -See Note <a href="#Footnote_3162_3162">3162</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3171_3171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3171_3171"><span class="label">3171</span></a> A kind of Baboon. See B. vi. c. 35, B. vii. c. 2, and B. viii. c. 80.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3172_3172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3172_3172"><span class="label">3172</span></a> It is considered very doubtful whether the modern Hyacinth or Zircon -is one of the number of stones that were called “Hyacinthus” by the -ancients. Jameson appears to have thought that they gave this name to -the oriental amethyst or violet sapphire.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3173_3173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3173_3173"><span class="label">3173</span></a> See B. xxi. c. 38.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3174_3174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3174_3174"><span class="label">3174</span></a> Generally supposed to be the Oriental topaz, yellow Sapphire or -yellow Corundum. We have already seen, in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_32">32</a>, that the “Topazos” -of the ancients was in all probability the modern Chrysolite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3175_3175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3175_3175"><span class="label">3175</span></a> In Pontus: see B. vi. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3176_3176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3176_3176"><span class="label">3176</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_2">2</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3177_3177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3177_3177"><span class="label">3177</span></a> Supposed to be yellow-white Hyacinth. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_12">12</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3178_3178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3178_3178"><span class="label">3178</span></a> “Electrum.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3179_3179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3179_3179"><span class="label">3179</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_76">76 </a>of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3180_3180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3180_3180"><span class="label">3180</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_9">9</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3181_3181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3181_3181"><span class="label">3181</span></a> Yellow quartz crystal probably, or False topaz.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3182_3182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3182_3182"><span class="label">3182</span></a> “White gold stone.” It has not been identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3183_3183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3183_3183"><span class="label">3183</span></a> “Smoke-stone.” A jasper has been so called in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3184_3184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3184_3184"><span class="label">3184</span></a> “Honey gold stone.” Some are of opinion that this was the Honey-coloured -Hyacinth. Others, again, identify it with the yellow, honey-coloured -Topaz; an opinion with which Ajasson coincides.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3185_3185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3185_3185"><span class="label">3185</span></a> “Xanthon” is another reading. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_60">60</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3186_3186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3186_3186"><span class="label">3186</span></a> “Lovely youth.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_22">22</a>, where it has been already mentioned. -He here reverts to the Opals.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3187_3187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3187_3187"><span class="label">3187</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_40">40</a>, for example, where it is given to a variety of the -Amethyst.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3188_3188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3188_3188"><span class="label">3188</span></a> The Opal, which he is about to describe.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3189_3189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3189_3189"><span class="label">3189</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_18">18</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3190_3190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3190_3190"><span class="label">3190</span></a> The vitreous Asteriated crystals of Sapphire are still called by this -name. Ajasson, however, and Desfontaines, identify this gem with Girasol -opal or fire opal. See Note <a href="#Footnote_3147_3147">3147</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3191_3191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3191_3191"><span class="label">3191</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἀστερ</span>, a star.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3192_3192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3192_3192"><span class="label">3192</span></a> “Star-stone.” Ajasson identifies this stone with the Asteriated Sapphire -or Corundum, mentioned in Note <a href="#Footnote_3190_3190">3190</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3193_3193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3193_3193"><span class="label">3193</span></a> See B. iv. cc. 10, 17.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3194_3194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3194_3194"><span class="label">3194</span></a> “Lightning darting.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3195_3195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3195_3195"><span class="label">3195</span></a> “Star-like.” Ajasson thinks, that it is identical with the stone next -mentioned.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3196_3196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3196_3196"><span class="label">3196</span></a> “Planet-stricken.” It is not improbable that this was Cat’s-eye, a -translucent Chalcedony, presenting a peculiar opalescence, or internal reflections, -when cut <em>en cabochon</em>. The colour is either bright-greenish grey, -or else yellow, red, or brownish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3197_3197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3197_3197"><span class="label">3197</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_3194_3194">3194</a> above. Parisot thinks that these must have been -Aërolites or Meteorites.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3198_3198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3198_3198"><span class="label">3198</span></a> Brotero thinks that these were petrified shells, to which the magicians -imputed marvellous properties.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3199_3199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3199_3199"><span class="label">3199</span></a> Brotero is of opinion that those were Belemnites, more commonly -known as “thunderstones.” The reading “bætyli” is doubtful; but Parisot -says, on what authority does not appear, that “Betylus” meant “Great -father,” and that this name, as well as “Abaddir” of similar signification, -was given by magicians to aërolites or meteorites used in their enchantments.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3200_3200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3200_3200"><span class="label">3200</span></a> A meteoric stone or aërolite, evidently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3201_3201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3201_3201"><span class="label">3201</span></a> “Rainbow.” Opinion seems divided as to whether this is Hyalin -quartz iridized internally, or prismatic crystals of Limpid quartz, which -decompose the rays of the sun.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3202_3202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3202_3202"><span class="label">3202</span></a> The reading and meaning of this passage are very doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3203_3203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3203_3203"><span class="label">3203</span></a> The reading is doubtful, “zeros” and “erros” being given by some -MSS. Ajasson hazards a conjecture that it may have been a variety of -quartz, formed of a concretion of agates united by a cement of a similar -nature.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3204_3204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3204_3204"><span class="label">3204</span></a> A general name for Agate, and possibly some other stones not now -included under the name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3205_3205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3205_3205"><span class="label">3205</span></a> “Jasper agate.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3206_3206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3206_3206"><span class="label">3206</span></a> “Wax agate.” The modern Orange agate, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3207_3207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3207_3207"><span class="label">3207</span></a> “Smaragdus agate.” Emerald-coloured agate.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3208_3208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3208_3208"><span class="label">3208</span></a> “Blood agate.” Agate sprinkled with spots of red jasper.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3209_3209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3209_3209"><span class="label">3209</span></a> “White agate.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3210_3210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3210_3210"><span class="label">3210</span></a> “Tree agate.” Moss agate or Mocha stone, coloured by oxide of -iron.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3211_3211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3211_3211"><span class="label">3211</span></a> Probably the reading should be “Stactachates,” “Myrrh agate.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3212_3212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3212_3212"><span class="label">3212</span></a> “Coralline agate.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_56">56</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3213_3213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3213_3213"><span class="label">3213</span></a> Undulated agate.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3214_3214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3214_3214"><span class="label">3214</span></a> Moss agate, probably. See Note <a href="#Footnote_3210_3210">3210</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3215_3215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3215_3215"><span class="label">3215</span></a> Sillig is of opinion that the reading here is corrupt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3216_3216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3216_3216"><span class="label">3216</span></a> “Coticulas.” Stones for grinding drugs.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3217_3217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3217_3217"><span class="label">3217</span></a> “Refreshing” stone. Hardly any of these stones appear to be identified.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3218_3218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3218_3218"><span class="label">3218</span></a> As to the “nitrum” of Pliny, see B. xxxi. c. 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3219_3219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3219_3219"><span class="label">3219</span></a> Probably the same as the Alabastrites of B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_12">12</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3220_3220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3220_3220"><span class="label">3220</span></a> From the Greek, <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἀλέκτωρ</span>, a “cock.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3221_3221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3221_3221"><span class="label">3221</span></a> See B. vii. c. 19.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3222_3222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3222_3222"><span class="label">3222</span></a> “Man-subduing.” Identified by some with Marcasite, or White iron -pyrites.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3223_3223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3223_3223"><span class="label">3223</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_15">15</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3224_3224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3224_3224"><span class="label">3224</span></a> “Silver-subduing.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3225_3225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3225_3225"><span class="label">3225</span></a> “Counteracting-stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3226_3226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3226_3226"><span class="label">3226</span></a> Probably the stone mentioned in B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_41">41</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3227_3227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3227_3227"><span class="label">3227</span></a> “Aromatic stone.” Cæsalpinus is of opinion that this is grey or -clouded amber.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3228_3228"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3228_3228"><span class="label">3228</span></a> “Reginis.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3229_3229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3229_3229"><span class="label">3229</span></a> See B. xix. c. 4, and B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_31">31</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3230_3230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3230_3230"><span class="label">3230</span></a> The reading is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3231_3231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3231_3231"><span class="label">3231</span></a> Called “melancoryphi” in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_33">33</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3232_3232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3232_3232"><span class="label">3232</span></a> Ajasson thinks that the reading should be “Aeizoe,” from the Greek -<span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">ἀειζώη</span>, “long lived.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3233_3233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3233_3233"><span class="label">3233</span></a> “Shining stone,” apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3234_3234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3234_3234"><span class="label">3234</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_33">33</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3235_3235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3235_3235"><span class="label">3235</span></a> The reading is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3236_3236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3236_3236"><span class="label">3236</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_2">2</a>: where a fossil Chrysocolla is also mentioned.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3237_3237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3237_3237"><span class="label">3237</span></a> See B. xi. c. 36, and B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_21">21</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3238_3238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3238_3238"><span class="label">3238</span></a> “Gem of Aphrodite” or “Venus.” Thought by Dalechamps and -Hardouin to have been a kind of agate.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3239_3239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3239_3239"><span class="label">3239</span></a> “Which never grows cold.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3240_3240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3240_3240"><span class="label">3240</span></a> A kind of Onyx, Dalechamps thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3241_3241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3241_3241"><span class="label">3241</span></a> “Acorn stone.” Like an olive in appearance, and now known as -“Jew stone,” probably, a fossil.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3242_3242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3242_3242"><span class="label">3242</span></a> “Frog-stone.” Varieties of quartz, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3243_3243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3243_3243"><span class="label">3243</span></a> “Dipped stone.” Dalechamps says that it was amber stained with -alkanet, but on what authority does not appear.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3244_3244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3244_3244"><span class="label">3244</span></a> “Eye of Belus.” Supposed by Ajasson and Desfontaines to be Cat’s -eye Chalcedony. See Chapter 50, Note <a href="#Footnote_3196_3196">3196</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3245_3245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3245_3245"><span class="label">3245</span></a> Belus, the father of Ninus, the “Bel” of Scripture. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_58">58</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3246_3246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3246_3246"><span class="label">3246</span></a> A kind of Tecolithos, Dalechamps says. See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_35">35</a>, and -Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_68">68</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3247_3247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3247_3247"><span class="label">3247</span></a> “Grape-cluster stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3248_3248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3248_3248"><span class="label">3248</span></a> “Puniceus” seems to be a preferable reading to “pampineus,” -“like a vine-tendril,” given by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3249_3249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3249_3249"><span class="label">3249</span></a> Possibly it may have been Datholite or Borate of lime, a variety of -which is known as Botryolite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3250_3250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3250_3250"><span class="label">3250</span></a> “Hair-stone.” This was probably either Iron alum, known also as -Alun de plume; Alunogen, known also as Feather Alum or hair salt; or -Amianthus, also called satin Asbestus. See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_31">31</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3251_3251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3251_3251"><span class="label">3251</span></a> “Ox-heart.” Supposed to be a sort of Turquois, Hardouin says.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3252_3252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3252_3252"><span class="label">3252</span></a> “Thunder-stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3253_3253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3253_3253"><span class="label">3253</span></a> “Clod-stone.” It may possibly have been a kind of Geodes. See -B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_32">32</a>. Dalechamps, however, identifies it with Crapaudine, -Toad-stone, or Bufonite, supposed in former times to be produced by the -toad, but in reality the fossil tooth of a fish.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3254_3254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3254_3254"><span class="label">3254</span></a> See B. iii. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3255_3255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3255_3255"><span class="label">3255</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_22">22</a>, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_65">65</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3256_3256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3256_3256"><span class="label">3256</span></a> Identical, probably, with the Callaina of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_33">33</a>, our Turquois.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3257_3257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3257_3257"><span class="label">3257</span></a> Lapis lazuli.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3258_3258"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3258_3258"><span class="label">3258</span></a> “Smoke-stone.” Identical with the jasper called “capnias,” in -Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_37">37</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3259_3259"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3259_3259"><span class="label">3259</span></a> In Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_37">37</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3260_3260"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3260_3260"><span class="label">3260</span></a> “Cappadocian stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3261_3261"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3261_3261"><span class="label">3261</span></a> Like the “callaina” or “callais.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3262_3262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3262_3262"><span class="label">3262</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_33">33</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3263_3263"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3263_3263"><span class="label">3263</span></a> “Attractive stone.” A large rocky stone, according to Solinus. -Dalechamps thinks that it must have been a kind of amber or bitumen, an -opinion with which Desfontaines coincides.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3264_3264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3264_3264"><span class="label">3264</span></a> “Looking-glass stone,” or “mirror stone.” A variety of Specular -stone, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3265_3265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3265_3265"><span class="label">3265</span></a> “Onion stone.” A kind of agate, according to Dalechamps. It had -its name probably from the union of its streaks like those on the neck of -an onion.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3266_3266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3266_3266"><span class="label">3266</span></a> “Pottery stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3267_3267"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3267_3267"><span class="label">3267</span></a> See B. xxix. c. 38, Vol. V. p. 415.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3268_3268"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3268_3268"><span class="label">3268</span></a> The Cinædus. See B. xxxii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3269_3269"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3269_3269"><span class="label">3269</span></a> By its clear or clouded colour, it was said.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3270_3270"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3270_3270"><span class="label">3270</span></a> “Wax stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3271_3271"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3271_3271"><span class="label">3271</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κίρκος</span>, a “hawk” or “falcon.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3272_3272"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3272_3272"><span class="label">3272</span></a> “Hair-like;” from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κόρση</span>, the “hair.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3273_3273"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3273_3273"><span class="label">3273</span></a> “Coral agate.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54">54</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3274_3274"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3274_3274"><span class="label">3274</span></a> Vermilion. See B. xxxiii. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_37">37</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_40">40</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3275_3275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3275_3275"><span class="label">3275</span></a> “Strong stone”—from <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κρατερὸς</span>, “strong.” Supposed by some to -have been amber-coloured Hyacinth.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3276_3276"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3276_3276"><span class="label">3276</span></a> Oriental topaz, probably. See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_42">42</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_43">43</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3277_3277"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3277_3277"><span class="label">3277</span></a> “Saffron-coloured,” probably. If this is the meaning of the name, it -may be supposed to have resembled the bigaroon cherry.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3278_3278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3278_3278"><span class="label">3278</span></a> “Pregnant stone. An aëtites or geodes, probably. See B. xxx. c. 44, -and B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_39">39</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3279_3279"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3279_3279"><span class="label">3279</span></a> “Sounding like brass.” Probably Clinkstone or Phonolite, a compact -feldspathic rock of a greyish colour, clinking under the hammer when -struck, somewhat like a metal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3280_3280"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3280_3280"><span class="label">3280</span></a> “Swallow-stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3281_3281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3281_3281"><span class="label">3281</span></a> “Tortoise-stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3282_3282"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3282_3282"><span class="label">3282</span></a> Six in the morning until mid-day.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3283_3283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3283_3283"><span class="label">3283</span></a> “Tortoise-like stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3284_3284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3284_3284"><span class="label">3284</span></a> “Chelone,” in Greek.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3285_3285"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3285_3285"><span class="label">3285</span></a> “Grass-green stone.” It is just possible that the Chlorite of modern -Mineralogy, a kind of emerald-green talc, or hydrous silicate of magnesia, -may be meant: but we must dismiss the story of the wagtail.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3286_3286"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3286_3286"><span class="label">3286</span></a> The pied wagtail, Motacilla alba of Linnæus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3287_3287"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3287_3287"><span class="label">3287</span></a> See B. vi. c. 31.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3288_3288"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3288_3288"><span class="label">3288</span></a> “Golden light.” Ajasson suggests that this may have been a yellow -phosphate of lead, which emitted light at night, from its close vicinity to -naphtha. Bologna stone, Bolognian spar, or sulphate of Barytes, has also -been suggested. Topaz, too, is mentioned.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3289_3289"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3289_3289"><span class="label">3289</span></a> “Golden face.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3290_3290"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3290_3290"><span class="label">3290</span></a> A variety of Hyacinth, according to Dalechamps.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3291_3291"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3291_3291"><span class="label">3291</span></a> From <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">κηπὸς</span>, “a garden,” it is thought; on account of its varied -colours.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3292_3292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3292_3292"><span class="label">3292</span></a> “Laurel-stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3293_3293"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3293_3293"><span class="label">3293</span></a> “Substitute” for beryl.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3294_3294"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3294_3294"><span class="label">3294</span></a> “Two-formed,” or “of a double nature.” A grand acquisition, as -Ajasson remarks, for the worshippers of Priapus. See a similar characteristic -in the Eryngium, our Eringo, B. xxii. c. 9: also Mandragora, B. xxv. -c. 94, Note 877.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3295_3295"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3295_3295"><span class="label">3295</span></a> “Stone of Dionysus” or “Bacchus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3296_3296"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3296_3296"><span class="label">3296</span></a> “Dragon stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3297_3297"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3297_3297"><span class="label">3297</span></a> The serpent so called—“draco.” See B. xxix. c. 20.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3298_3298"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3298_3298"><span class="label">3298</span></a> A story invented, no doubt, by the sellers of some kind of precious -stone.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3299_3299"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3299_3299"><span class="label">3299</span></a> “Heart-shaped.” A turquois, Hardouin thinks. See “Bucardia” -in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_55">55</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3300_3300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3300_3300"><span class="label">3300</span></a> “The best.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3301_3301"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3301_3301"><span class="label">3301</span></a> “Formed like the testes.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3302_3302"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3302_3302"><span class="label">3302</span></a> “Red stone,” apparently. The reading is very doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3303_3303"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3303_3303"><span class="label">3303</span></a> The reading is doubtful, but the word may possibly mean “stone of -love,” or something equivalent.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3304_3304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3304_3304"><span class="label">3304</span></a> “Fine-haired.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3305_3305"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3305_3305"><span class="label">3305</span></a> “Skilled in sacred matters.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3306_3306"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3306_3306"><span class="label">3306</span></a> “Of fair length.” Ajasson thinks that this may have been a variety -of Pyromachic silex, or gun flint, nearly allied to Chalcedony.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3307_3307"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3307_3307"><span class="label">3307</span></a> A preferable reading, probably, to “Eumitres.” It perhaps took its -name from Mithres, the god of the Sun among the Persians, and meant -“blessing of Mithres.” Ajasson thinks that it may have been green Tourmaline, -and that its electric properties may have been very “serviceable to -the charlatans who had the monopoly of the Temple of Bel.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3308_3308"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3308_3308"><span class="label">3308</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_55">55</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3309_3309"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3309_3309"><span class="label">3309</span></a> “With beautiful leaves.” By some authorities this is thought to be -Opal, by others Heliotrope or Bloodstone. Ajasson thinks that it may -have been a general name for Jasper quartz, or else that it was Quartz -agate opalized.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3310_3310"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3310_3310"><span class="label">3310</span></a> This reading is very doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3311_3311"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3311_3311"><span class="label">3311</span></a> “Mouldy stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3312_3312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3312_3312"><span class="label">3312</span></a> “Stone of the religious.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3313_3313"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3313_3313"><span class="label">3313</span></a> “Black on the surface.” This is the case, Ajasson remarks, with -many stones of the class known as “Cat’s eye.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3314_3314"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3314_3314"><span class="label">3314</span></a> “Galaxy stone.” Ajasson thinks that this may possibly have been an -Opal, or a dead white Topaz, traversed by lines of other colours.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3315_3315"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3315_3315"><span class="label">3315</span></a> “Milk stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3316_3316"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3316_3316"><span class="label">3316</span></a> Probably milk-white Quartz, Ajasson thinks.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3317_3317"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3317_3317"><span class="label">3317</span></a> “White earth.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3318_3318"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3318_3318"><span class="label">3318</span></a> “White-streaked stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3319_3319"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3319_3319"><span class="label">3319</span></a> “Clouded.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3320_3320"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3320_3320"><span class="label">3320</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54">54</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3321_3321"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3321_3321"><span class="label">3321</span></a> An Eastern name, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3322_3322"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3322_3322"><span class="label">3322</span></a> A Geodes or Aëtites, probably. See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_39">39</a>, and Chapter 56 -of this Book, Note <a href="#Footnote_3278_3278">3278</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3323_3323"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3323_3323"><span class="label">3323</span></a> “Tongue of stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3324_3324"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3324_3324"><span class="label">3324</span></a> Divination from the appearance of the moon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3325_3325"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3325_3325"><span class="label">3325</span></a> “Gorgon stone.” The head of the Gorgon Medusa was fabled to turn -those into stone who looked upon it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3326_3326"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3326_3326"><span class="label">3326</span></a> See B. xxxii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_11">11</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3327_3327"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3327_3327"><span class="label">3327</span></a> This reading is very doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3328_3328"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3328_3328"><span class="label">3328</span></a> Now known as Heliotrope, bloodstone, or blood jasper. It is of a -deep-green colour, with red spots.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3329_3329"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3329_3329"><span class="label">3329</span></a> “Turning under the sun.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3330_3330"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3330_3330"><span class="label">3330</span></a> See B. xxii. c. 29.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3331_3331"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3331_3331"><span class="label">3331</span></a> “Stone of Hephæstos” or “Vulcan.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3332_3332"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3332_3332"><span class="label">3332</span></a> It acting as a burning-glass, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3333_3333"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3333_3333"><span class="label">3333</span></a> See B. iv. c. 20, and B. v. c. 22.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3334_3334"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3334_3334"><span class="label">3334</span></a> “Genitals of Mercury.” This singular stone does not appear to have -been identified. See Note <a href="#Footnote_3294_3294">3294</a> above.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3335_3335"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3335_3335"><span class="label">3335</span></a> “Sixty colour stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3336_3336"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3336_3336"><span class="label">3336</span></a> See B. v. cc. 5, 8, and B. vi. c. 34.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3337_3337"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3337_3337"><span class="label">3337</span></a> “Hawk stone.” It is perhaps identical with the “Circos,” mentioned -in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_56">56</a>. Aëtius says that Hieracitis was of a greenish hue.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3338_3338"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3338_3338"><span class="label">3338</span></a> “Sand-stone.” Ajasson thinks that this was a granular quartz, of a -friable nature when subjected to compression.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3339_3339"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3339_3339"><span class="label">3339</span></a> As to the identity of “nitrum,” see B, xxxi. c, 46.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3340_3340"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3340_3340"><span class="label">3340</span></a> “Horn of [Jupiter] Hammon.” He here alludes to the Ammonites -of modern Geology, an extinct race of molluscous animals that inhabited -convoluted shells, and which are commonly known as “snake-stones.” -They abound in strata of the secondary formation, and vary from the size -of a bean to that of a coach-wheel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3341_3341"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3341_3341"><span class="label">3341</span></a> The reading of this word is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3342_3342"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3342_3342"><span class="label">3342</span></a> “Hyæna stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3343_3343"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3343_3343"><span class="label">3343</span></a> As to this stone, see B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_25">25</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3344_3344"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3344_3344"><span class="label">3344</span></a> “Yellow” stone. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3345_3345"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3345_3345"><span class="label">3345</span></a> “Idæan fingers.” These were probably Belemnites, so called from -their long, tapering shape, and being first observed, perhaps, on Mount -Ida in Crete. Belemnites are the shells of fossil Cephalopods, and are -commonly known as “thunder stones.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3346_3346"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3346_3346"><span class="label">3346</span></a> “Jaundice stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3347_3347"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3347_3347"><span class="label">3347</span></a> “Gem of Jove.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3348_3348"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3348_3348"><span class="label">3348</span></a> “Dew stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3349_3349"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3349_3349"><span class="label">3349</span></a> “Indian stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3350_3350"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3350_3350"><span class="label">3350</span></a> It is just possible that he may be thinking of Indigo here, which he -has before called by the same name. See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_57">57</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3351_3351"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3351_3351"><span class="label">3351</span></a> “Violet-coloured.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3352_3352"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3352_3352"><span class="label">3352</span></a> “Scale stone.” A fossil, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3353_3353"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3353_3353"><span class="label">3353</span></a> “White eye.” Cat’s eye chalcedony, perhaps. See “Astrobolos” in -Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_48">48</a>, and “Beli oculus” in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_55">55</a>, of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3354_3354"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3354_3354"><span class="label">3354</span></a> “Variegated with white.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3355_3355"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3355_3355"><span class="label">3355</span></a> “Yellow incense.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3356_3356"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3356_3356"><span class="label">3356</span></a> “Meadow-green stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3357_3357"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3357_3357"><span class="label">3357</span></a> “Fat stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3358_3358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3358_3358"><span class="label">3358</span></a> “White gold.” Ajasson thinks that this may have been either a sub-variety -of Hyalin amethystine quartz, a yellow quartz or false topaz, or -else an unctuous, white quartz, either opaque or transparent.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3359_3359"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3359_3359"><span class="label">3359</span></a> “Stone of Memnon.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3360_3360"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3360_3360"><span class="label">3360</span></a> This reading seems preferable to “Media,” given by the Bamberg -and some other MSS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3361_3361"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3361_3361"><span class="label">3361</span></a> The enchantress of Colchis. The stone, no doubt was as fabulous as -the enchantress.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3362_3362"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3362_3362"><span class="label">3362</span></a> “Poppy stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3363_3363"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3363_3363"><span class="label">3363</span></a> For the origin of this name, see “Eumithres,” in Chapter 58, Note -<a href="#Footnote_3307_3307">3307</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3364_3364"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3364_3364"><span class="label">3364</span></a> It was probably a kind of Opal.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3365_3365"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3365_3365"><span class="label">3365</span></a> The reading here is very doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3366_3366"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3366_3366"><span class="label">3366</span></a> This reading also is doubtful: it is probably an Eastern word. According -to some authorities, this stone was a dark-brown rock crystal. -Ajasson identities it with Schorl or black Tourmaline, with a base of Magnesia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3367_3367"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3367_3367"><span class="label">3367</span></a> Red Tourmaline, possibly, or Rubellite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3368_3368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3368_3368"><span class="label">3368</span></a> Carnelian. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_31">31</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3369_3369"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3369_3369"><span class="label">3369</span></a> “Ectypæ sculpturæ.” See B. xxxv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_43">43</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3370_3370"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3370_3370"><span class="label">3370</span></a> “Myrrh stone.” It was an Eastern compound, probably. See -Chapter 54, Note <a href="#Footnote_3211_3211">3211</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3371_3371"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3371_3371"><span class="label">3371</span></a> “Wart stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3372_3372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3372_3372"><span class="label">3372</span></a> “Myrtle stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3373_3373"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3373_3373"><span class="label">3373</span></a> “White in the middle.” This and the next seem to have been -general names for stones of a particular appearance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3374_3374"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3374_3374"><span class="label">3374</span></a> “Black in the middle.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3375_3375"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3375_3375"><span class="label">3375</span></a> Bacchus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3376_3376"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3376_3376"><span class="label">3376</span></a> A Greek word, signifying the skin of a fawn or deer, as worn by the -Bacchanals in the celebration of their orgies. Ajasson is of opinion that -this was a mottled quartz or agate, similar to those mentioned as resembling -the spots of the lion, in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54">54</a>, the Leontios and Pardalios of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_73">73</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3377_3377"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3377_3377"><span class="label">3377</span></a> This reading is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3378_3378"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3378_3378"><span class="label">3378</span></a> “Shower stone,” apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3379_3379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3379_3379"><span class="label">3379</span></a> From “Notus,” the south wind, which usually brought rain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3380_3380"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3380_3380"><span class="label">3380</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_48">48</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_51">51</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3381_3381"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3381_3381"><span class="label">3381</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_55">55</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3382_3382"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3382_3382"><span class="label">3382</span></a> “Ass’s heart.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3383_3383"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3383_3383"><span class="label">3383</span></a> “Mountain stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3384_3384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3384_3384"><span class="label">3384</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_67">67</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3385_3385"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3385_3385"><span class="label">3385</span></a> “Shell-stone.” Not the same, probably, as the Cadmitis or Ostracitis -mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_56">56</a> of this Book. See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_31">31</a>, where a stone -of this name is also mentioned. Horn-stone, probably, a Chalcedony, more -brittle than flint, is meant in the present passage.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3386_3386"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3386_3386"><span class="label">3386</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_56">56</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3387_3387"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3387_3387"><span class="label">3387</span></a> See the beginning of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_54">54</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3388_3388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3388_3388"><span class="label">3388</span></a> “Oyster-stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3389_3389"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3389_3389"><span class="label">3389</span></a> See B. xxxvi. chap. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_67">67</a>; our “Obsidian.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3390_3390"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3390_3390"><span class="label">3390</span></a> “Of all colours.” Either Opal, Ajasson thinks, or Iridized hyalin quartz.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3391_3391"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3391_3391"><span class="label">3391</span></a> “All corners.” Ajasson seems to think that this may have been -Hyalin quartz.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3392_3392"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3392_3392"><span class="label">3392</span></a> “Worthy of all love.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3393_3393"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3393_3393"><span class="label">3393</span></a> Of the same meaning as “paneros.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3394_3394"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3394_3394"><span class="label">3394</span></a> “Gem of Pontus.” According to Desfontaines, these stones are -identified, by some with agates, by others with sapphires.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3395_3395"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3395_3395"><span class="label">3395</span></a> “Flame-coloured.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3396_3396"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3396_3396"><span class="label">3396</span></a> “Golden-coloured stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3397_3397"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3397_3397"><span class="label">3397</span></a> See B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_56">56</a>, and B. xxxv. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_12">12</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXV_CHAP_16">16</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3398_3398"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3398_3398"><span class="label">3398</span></a> “Palm-date stone. Desfontaines says that this is Jew stone, the -fossil spine of an egg-shaped echinus. See Chapter 55, Note <a href="#Footnote_3241_3241">3241</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3399_3399"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3399_3399"><span class="label">3399</span></a> <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Φῦκος</span>; whence the Latin “fucus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3400_3400"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3400_3400"><span class="label">3400</span></a> “White around.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3401_3401"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3401_3401"><span class="label">3401</span></a> An Aëtites or Geodes, probably. See Chapter 56, Note <a href="#Footnote_3278_3278">3278</a>; also B. -xxx. c. 44, and B. xxxvi. cc. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_32">32</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_39">39</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3402_3402"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3402_3402"><span class="label">3402</span></a> “Earth stone,” apparently.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3403_3403"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3403_3403"><span class="label">3403</span></a> The tomb of Tiresias was ordinarily pointed out in the vicinity of the -Tilphusan Well, near Thebes; at least Pausanias states to that effect.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3404_3404"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3404_3404"><span class="label">3404</span></a> “Gem of the Sun.” According to some, this is the Girasol opal; but -Ajasson has no doubt, from the description given of it by Photius, from -Damascius, that it is identical with the “Asteria” of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_47">47</a>. See also -the “Astrion” of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_48">48</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3405_3405"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3405_3405"><span class="label">3405</span></a> Supposed to be jet.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3406_3406"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3406_3406"><span class="label">3406</span></a> “Lizard stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3407_3407"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3407_3407"><span class="label">3407</span></a> “Flesh stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3408_3408"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3408_3408"><span class="label">3408</span></a> “Moon stone.” Our Selenite probably, crystallized sulphate of lime: -the thin laminæ of which reflect the disk of the sun or moon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3409_3409"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3409_3409"><span class="label">3409</span></a> “Stone like iron.” See “Oritis” in Chapter 65; also B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_25">25</a>, -and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_15">15</a> of this Book, for minerals of this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3410_3410"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3410_3410"><span class="label">3410</span></a> “Variegated iron.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3411_3411"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3411_3411"><span class="label">3411</span></a> So called from its teeth meeting evenly, like the jaw-teeth, and not -shaped like those of a saw, so formed that the teeth of one jaw lock with -those of the other. See B. xi. c. 5. The Linnæan genus Sparus is of this -kind.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3412_3412"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3412_3412"><span class="label">3412</span></a> See B. v. cc. 4, 5, and B. vi. c. 37.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3413_3413"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3413_3413"><span class="label">3413</span></a> “Fistulous stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3414_3414"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3414_3414"><span class="label">3414</span></a> “Three-coloured stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3415_3415"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3415_3415"><span class="label">3415</span></a> Meaning “Female root,” apparently. The reading, however, is uncertain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3416_3416"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3416_3416"><span class="label">3416</span></a> “Female heart,” apparently. The reading is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3417_3417"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3417_3417"><span class="label">3417</span></a> “Thracian stone.” The reading, however, is doubtful.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3418_3418"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3418_3418"><span class="label">3418</span></a> “Ash-coloured stone.” It has been identified with Uranian agate -by some.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3419_3419"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3419_3419"><span class="label">3419</span></a> “Dissolving stone.” Probably our Jew stone, and identical with the -Phœnicitis of Chapter 66. See Note <a href="#Footnote_3398_3398">3398</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3420_3420"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3420_3420"><span class="label">3420</span></a> “Venus’ hair.” As Ajasson remarks, the description renders it next -to impossible to say what the stone was.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3421_3421"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3421_3421"><span class="label">3421</span></a> “Liver stone.” Heavy spar, a sulphate of barytes, is sometimes called -Hepatite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3422_3422"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3422_3422"><span class="label">3422</span></a> “Fat stone.” Saponite or soapstone, a silicate of magnesia, is also -known as Steatite.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3423_3423"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3423_3423"><span class="label">3423</span></a> An ancient king of Syria, worshipped by the people of that country -and the inhabitants of Phrygia. According to Macrobius, the Assyrians -worshipped Jupiter and the Sun under this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3424_3424"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3424_3424"><span class="label">3424</span></a> “Three-eye stone.” Some kind of Cat’s eye chalcedony, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3425_3425"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3425_3425"><span class="label">3425</span></a> “Crab stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3426_3426"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3426_3426"><span class="label">3426</span></a> “Viper-stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3427_3427"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3427_3427"><span class="label">3427</span></a> “Scorpion stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3428_3428"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3428_3428"><span class="label">3428</span></a> See B. ix. c. 29, B. xl. c. 61, and B. xxxii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXII_CHAP_53">53</a>. This was perhaps -the same stone as the “Synodontitis” of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_67">67</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3429_3429"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3429_3429"><span class="label">3429</span></a> Which was called <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">τριγλὰ</span>, in Greek.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3430_3430"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3430_3430"><span class="label">3430</span></a> “Ant stone.” Possibly a kind of amber.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3431_3431"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3431_3431"><span class="label">3431</span></a> “Beetle stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3432_3432"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3432_3432"><span class="label">3432</span></a> “Wolf’s eye.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3433_3433"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3433_3433"><span class="label">3433</span></a> “Peacock stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3434_3434"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3434_3434"><span class="label">3434</span></a> “Golden sand.” This may possibly have been Aventurine quartz.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3435_3435"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3435_3435"><span class="label">3435</span></a> “Millet stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3436_3436"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3436_3436"><span class="label">3436</span></a> “Oak stone.” Fossil coal, perhaps.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3437_3437"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3437_3437"><span class="label">3437</span></a> “Ivy stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3438_3438"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3438_3438"><span class="label">3438</span></a> “Daffodil stone.” An Eastern compound, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3439_3439"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3439_3439"><span class="label">3439</span></a> “Bean stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3440_3440"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3440_3440"><span class="label">3440</span></a> Our “Jew stone,” probably; identical with the Phœnicitis of Chapter -<a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_66">66</a> and the Tecolithos of Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_68">68</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3441_3441"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3441_3441"><span class="label">3441</span></a> See Note <a href="#Footnote_3398_3398">3398</a> to Chapter 66.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3442_3442"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3442_3442"><span class="label">3442</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_66">66</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3443_3443"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3443_3443"><span class="label">3443</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_43">43</a>. Pebbles of white flint were probably meant -under this name; from which is derived, according to Ajasson, the French -word <em>caillou</em>, meaning a flint pebble.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3444_3444"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3444_3444"><span class="label">3444</span></a> “Fire stone.” Not a Pyrites of modern Mineralogy, probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3445_3445"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3445_3445"><span class="label">3445</span></a> “With many zones.” Probably an agate or jasper.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3446_3446"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3446_3446"><span class="label">3446</span></a> “Lightning stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3447_3447"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3447_3447"><span class="label">3447</span></a> “Flame stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3448_3448"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3448_3448"><span class="label">3448</span></a> “Burning coal stone.” See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_38">38</a>, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_27">27</a> of this -Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3449_3449"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3449_3449"><span class="label">3449</span></a> “Containing liquid.” Identified by Desfontaines with the Geodes -enhydros of modern Geology, which sometimes contains a liquid substance.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3450_3450"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3450_3450"><span class="label">3450</span></a> “Many-haired stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3451_3451"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3451_3451"><span class="label">3451</span></a> As to these stones, agates or jaspers probably, see “Nebritis,” in -Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_64">64</a>, and the Note.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3452_3452"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3452_3452"><span class="label">3452</span></a> “Dew stone.” The reading here is very doubtful. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_61">61</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3453_3453"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3453_3453"><span class="label">3453</span></a> “Honey-coloured and yellow.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3454_3454"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3454_3454"><span class="label">3454</span></a> “Saffron stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3455_3455"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3455_3455"><span class="label">3455</span></a> All three being derived from the corresponding name in Greek.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3456_3456"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3456_3456"><span class="label">3456</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_55">55</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3457_3457"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3457_3457"><span class="label">3457</span></a> “Hand stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3458_3458"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3458_3458"><span class="label">3458</span></a> “Stone of necessity.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3459_3459"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3459_3459"><span class="label">3459</span></a> “Retaining stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3460_3460"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3460_3460"><span class="label">3460</span></a> “Tree stone.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3461_3461"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3461_3461"><span class="label">3461</span></a> De Lapidibus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3462_3462"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3462_3462"><span class="label">3462</span></a> He alludes to petrified shells, most probably.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3463_3463"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3463_3463"><span class="label">3463</span></a> “Phaleræ.” See B. vii. c. 2, and B. xxxiii. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_6">6</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3464_3464"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3464_3464"><span class="label">3464</span></a> “Nature;” <em>i.e.</em> “works of Nature.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3465_3465"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3465_3465"><span class="label">3465</span></a> “Lenticula.” Like a lentil in shape.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3466_3466"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3466_3466"><span class="label">3466</span></a> Substituting garnets for rubies, as an illustration.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3467_3467"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3467_3467"><span class="label">3467</span></a> “Minium.” See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_23">23</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3468_3468"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3468_3468"><span class="label">3468</span></a> Lest the deception should be commonly practised. Seneca, Epist. 19, -mentions one Democritus, who had discovered the art of making artificial -Emeralds. See further on this subject, Beckmann, Hist. Inv. Vol. 1. p. -124. <cite>Bohn’s Edition.</cite></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3469_3469"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3469_3469"><span class="label">3469</span></a> Ten in the morning.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3470_3470"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3470_3470"><span class="label">3470</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_18">18</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_20">20</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3471_3471"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3471_3471"><span class="label">3471</span></a> We can only guess at the meaning of this passage, as it is acknowledgedly -corrupt.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3472_3472"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3472_3472"><span class="label">3472</span></a> Our Obsidian. See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_67">67</a>, and Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_65">65</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3473_3473"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3473_3473"><span class="label">3473</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_15">15</a> of this Book. Ajasson thinks that he has here confounded -two different substances, powdered emery and diamond dust.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3474_3474"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3474_3474"><span class="label">3474</span></a> See B. iv. c. 26.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3475_3475"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3475_3475"><span class="label">3475</span></a> “Trigariis.” “Three-horse chariot races,” literally. See B. xxviii. -c. 72, and B. xxix. c. 5.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3476_3476"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3476_3476"><span class="label">3476</span></a> It having been in recent times declared unlawful to work them, as -he has already informed us.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3477_3477"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3477_3477"><span class="label">3477</span></a> “Quacunque ambitur mari.” With these words the Natural History -of Pliny terminates in all the former editions. M. Ian was the first -among the learned to express a suspicion that the proper termination of -the work was wanting; an opinion in which Sillig coincided, and which -was happily confirmed, in the course of time, by the discovery of the Bamberg -MS., the only copy of the Natural History (or rather the last Six -Books) in which the concluding part of this Chapter has been found.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3478_3478"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3478_3478"><span class="label">3478</span></a> See B. xix. c. 7.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3479_3479"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3479_3479"><span class="label">3479</span></a> See B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_45">45</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3480_3480"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3480_3480"><span class="label">3480</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_15">15</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3481_3481"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3481_3481"><span class="label">3481</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_16">16</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3482_3482"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3482_3482"><span class="label">3482</span></a> See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_7">7</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_8">8</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3483_3483"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3483_3483"><span class="label">3483</span></a> “Coccum.” See B. xvi. c. 12, and B. xxiv. c. 4.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3484_3484"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3484_3484"><span class="label">3484</span></a> See B. xix. c. 15, and B. xxii. c. 49.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3485_3485"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3485_3485"><span class="label">3485</span></a> See B. xii. c. 26.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3486_3486"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3486_3486"><span class="label">3486</span></a> See B. vi. c. 20, and B. xii. c. 1.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3487_3487"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3487_3487"><span class="label">3487</span></a> See B. xiii. c. 29, and B. xv. c. 7.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3488_3488"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3488_3488"><span class="label">3488</span></a> See B. xii. c. 42.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3489_3489"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3489_3489"><span class="label">3489</span></a> See B. xii. c. 43.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3490_3490"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3490_3490"><span class="label">3490</span></a> See B. xii. c. 28.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3491_3491"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3491_3491"><span class="label">3491</span></a> See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3492_3492"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3492_3492"><span class="label">3492</span></a> See B. xii, c. 54.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3493_3493"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3493_3493"><span class="label">3493</span></a> See B. xii. c. 33.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3494_3494"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3494_3494"><span class="label">3494</span></a> See B. xii. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3495_3495"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3495_3495"><span class="label">3495</span></a> See B. xii. c. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3496_3496"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3496_3496"><span class="label">3496</span></a> See B. xxxiv. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXIV_CHAP_41">41</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3497_3497"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3497_3497"><span class="label">3497</span></a> In B. xii. c. 37, and B. xxvi. c. 30.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3498_3498"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3498_3498"><span class="label">3498</span></a> See B. ix. cc. 60, 61.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3499_3499"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3499_3499"><span class="label">3499</span></a> See B. x. c. 28, and B. xxix. c. 13.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3500_3500"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3500_3500"><span class="label">3500</span></a> “Numeris omnibus.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3501_3501"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3501_3501"><span class="label">3501</span></a> Bernhardy, <cite>Grundriss d. Röm. Lit.</cite> p. 644, has expressed an opinion -that there is still some deficiency after the concluding words, “tuis fave;” -notwithstanding the comparative completeness of the restored text as -given by the Bamberg MS.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3502_3502"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3502_3502"><span class="label">3502</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3503_3503"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3503_3503"><span class="label">3503</span></a> See end of B. v.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3504_3504"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3504_3504"><span class="label">3504</span></a> See end of B. ix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3505_3505"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3505_3505"><span class="label">3505</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_65">xxxii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3506_3506"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3506_3506"><span class="label">3506</span></a> See end of B. xvi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3507_3507"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3507_3507"><span class="label">3507</span></a> See end of B. v.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3508_3508"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3508_3508"><span class="label">3508</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_143">xxxiii</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3509_3509"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3509_3509"><span class="label">3509</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_385">xxxvi</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3510_3510"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3510_3510"><span class="label">3510</span></a> See end of B. x.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3511_3511"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3511_3511"><span class="label">3511</span></a> A Dithyrambic poet, a native of Cythera, or, according to some, of -Heraclea in Pontus. During the latter part of his life he resided at the -court of the younger Dionysius, tyrant of Sicily, and died <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 380, at -the age of 55. Of his poems, only a few fragments are left.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3512_3512"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3512_3512"><span class="label">3512</span></a> One of the great Tragic Poets of Greece, born at Salamis <span class="smcap lowercase">B.C.</span> 480. -Of his Tragedies, eighteen are still extant, out of seventy-five, or, according -to some accounts, ninety-two, which he originally wrote.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3513_3513"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3513_3513"><span class="label">3513</span></a> See end of B. viii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3514_3514"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3514_3514"><span class="label">3514</span></a> Nothing positive seems to be known of this -author, who is mentioned in Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_24">24</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_25">25</a> of the present Book -as having written on Precious Stones. It is possible that he may have -been the architect mentioned in B. xxxvi. c. <a href="#BOOK_XXXVI_CHAP_14">14</a>. Hardouin would identify -him with a Comic writer of Olynthus, of this name.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3515_3515"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3515_3515"><span class="label">3515</span></a> See end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3516_3516"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3516_3516"><span class="label">3516</span></a> See end of B. xii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3517_3517"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3517_3517"><span class="label">3517</span></a> See end of B. x.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3518_3518"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3518_3518"><span class="label">3518</span></a> A Roman senator, who wrote a work on Fishing, in 26 Books, one -on Hydromancy or aquatic divination, and other works connected with -history. It is probably from a work of his, “On Rivers,” that Plutarch -quotes. See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_23">23</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3519_3519"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3519_3519"><span class="label">3519</span></a> Author of a “Periplus,” and of a poem “on the Fabulous forms -of Men,” both mentioned by Tzetzes. See Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_23">23</a>, <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_24">24</a>, and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_51">51</a> of -this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3520_3520"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3520_3520"><span class="label">3520</span></a> See end of Books iii. and <a href="#Page_303">xxxv</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3521_3521"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3521_3521"><span class="label">3521</span></a> See end of B. <a href="#Page_385">xxxvi</a>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3522_3522"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3522_3522"><span class="label">3522</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3523_3523"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3523_3523"><span class="label">3523</span></a> See end of B. iv.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3524_3524"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3524_3524"><span class="label">3524</span></a> A writer on Stones, of this name, is also mentioned by Plutarch and -Stobæus, but no further particulars are known of him. He is mentioned -in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3525_3525"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3525_3525"><span class="label">3525</span></a> Mentioned also in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book. A person of this name -is quoted by the Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius as the author of a work -on Libya; from which he is supposed to have been a native of Africa.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3526_3526"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3526_3526"><span class="label">3526</span></a> Beyond the mention made of him in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book, as a -contemporary of Pliny, no further particulars are known.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3527_3527"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3527_3527"><span class="label">3527</span></a> A native of Patara in Lycia, who wrote a Description of the Earth, -and a collection of the Oracles given at Delphi. See Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> of this -Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3528_3528"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3528_3528"><span class="label">3528</span></a> Beyond the mention made of him in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> of this Book, nothing -relative to this writer seems to be known.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3529_3529"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3529_3529"><span class="label">3529</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3530_3530"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3530_3530"><span class="label">3530</span></a> Mithridates VI., Eupator, or Dionysus, King of Pontus, and the -great adversary of the Romans, commonly known as Mithridates the Great. -His notes and Memoirs were brought to Rome by Pompey, who had them -translated into Latin by his freedman Pompeius Lenæus. See end of B. -xiv.: also B. vii. c. 24, B. xxiii. c. 77, B. xxv. cc. 3, 27, 79, B. xxxiii. c. -<a href="#BOOK_XXXIII_CHAP_54">54</a>, and Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_5">5</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_11">11</a> of the present Book.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3531_3531"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3531_3531"><span class="label">3531</span></a> See end of B. xxi.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3532_3532"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3532_3532"><span class="label">3532</span></a> See end of B. viii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3533_3533"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3533_3533"><span class="label">3533</span></a> From the mention made of him in Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_12">12</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_25">25</a> of this Book, -we may conclude that he was a writer on Precious Stones.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3534_3534"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3534_3534"><span class="label">3534</span></a> See end of B. ii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3535_3535"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3535_3535"><span class="label">3535</span></a> From the mention of him in Chapters <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_23">23</a> and <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_28">28</a> of this Book, he -appears to have been a writer on Precious Stones.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3536_3536"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3536_3536"><span class="label">3536</span></a> Probably the physician of Miletus, sometimes called Olympiacus, -who, according to Galen, belonged to the sect of the Methodici, and lived -in the first century after Christ. Galen speaks of him as “a frivolous person.”</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3537_3537"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3537_3537"><span class="label">3537</span></a> See Cornelius Alexander, end of B. iii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3538_3538"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3538_3538"><span class="label">3538</span></a> See end of B. xxx.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3539_3539"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3539_3539"><span class="label">3539</span></a> See end of B. xxix.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3540_3540"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3540_3540"><span class="label">3540</span></a> See end of B. xviii.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3541_3541"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3541_3541"><span class="label">3541</span></a> A native of Babylon, mentioned in Chapter <a href="#BOOK_XXXVII_CHAP_60">60</a> of this Book, as having -dedicated a work, on Precious Stones, to King Mithridates.</p></div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 id="INDEX"><span class="larger">INDEX</span><br /> -<br /> -TO THE PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS MENTIONED IN THE TEXT AND NOTES.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="small">⁂ <em>The Roman numerals refer to the volume, the Arabic to the Page.</em></span></h2></div> - -<ul class="index"> - -<li class="ifrst">A.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abaci, -vi. <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abaculi, -vi. <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, -<a href="#Page_383">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abantias, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abarimon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abdera, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abdomen, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abella, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abellina, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abellinates, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abies, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abiga, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abnoba, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abominations mentioned by Pliny, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abortion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abrotonum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abruzzo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Absarus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abscesses, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Absinthites, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Absinthium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232-235</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_41">41</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">And <em><a href="#wormwood">see</a></em> “Wormwood.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Absinthium marinum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abstinence, from food, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from drink, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Absurdities">Absurdities mentioned by Pliny, -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>; -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>; -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, -<a href="#Page_18">18</a>, -<a href="#Page_21">21</a>, -<a href="#Page_32">32</a>, -<a href="#Page_39">39</a>, -<a href="#Page_48">48</a>, -<a href="#Page_205">205</a>, -<a href="#Page_361">361</a>, -<a href="#Page_434">434</a>, -<a href="#Page_438">438</a>, -<a href="#Page_441">441</a>, -<a href="#Page_446">446</a>, -<a href="#Page_447">447</a>, -<a href="#Page_450">450</a>, -<a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Absyrtides, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Absyrtus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abydos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Abyla, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acacia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Nilotica, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Academia of Cicero, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Academy at Athens, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acanos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acanthice mastiche, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acanthion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acanthis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_542" class="ext">542</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acanthus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acanthyllis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acarnania described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acatium, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acerræ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acetum (honey), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achæmenis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achaia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acharne, -vi. <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acharus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achates (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_388">388</a>, -<a href="#Page_439">439</a>, -<a href="#Page_440">440</a>, -<a href="#Page_441">441</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acheron, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acherusia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achetæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achillea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achilleon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achilleos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achilles, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Isle of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achirite, -vi. <a href="#Page_410">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Achlis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acidula, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acinos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acinus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acipenser, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acmodæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acone, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aconitum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218-221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aconiti, -vi. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acopa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_518" class="ext">518</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, -<a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acopon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acopos, -vi. <a href="#Page_440">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acorion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acorn, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345-348</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acorna, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acoron. -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acqui, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acra lapygia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acragas, -vi. <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, -<a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acre, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acroceraunia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acrocorinthos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acron, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Actæa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Actæon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acte (place), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acte (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Actiniæ, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Actium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Battle of, -vi. <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Acynopos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ad Gallinas, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adad, -vi. <a href="#Page_458">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adumantis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adamas, -vi. <a href="#Page_405">405</a>, -<a href="#Page_407">407</a>, -<a href="#Page_408">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adarca, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adda, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adder gem, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adelphides, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adiabene described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adiantum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adimantus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adipsatheon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adipsos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adornment of the person, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adonis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">Gardens of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adonis (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adonium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Adorea,” derivation of the word, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adramytteos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adrian wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adriatic Sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adrumetum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adulitæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adulteration, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Adynamon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ædemon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ædui, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægean Sea described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægialus, Vetulenus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægilops (disease), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægilops (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægimius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æginetan brass, -vi. <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, -<a href="#Page_152">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægipans, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægithus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægocephalos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægoceras, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægolethron, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægolios, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægophthalmos, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægospotamos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ægyptilla, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ælana, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ælian quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ælius, C., -vi. <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ælius, Pætus Catus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ænaria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æneas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æolian Islands, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æolis described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æolus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aërolite, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, -<a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aëromancy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æs, -vi. <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, -<a href="#Page_147">147-155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æsalon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æschines, the orator, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æschines, the physician, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æschrion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æschylus, mentioned, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_555" class="ext">555</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æschynomene, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æsculapian snake, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æsculapius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æsculetum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æsculus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æserninus, Marcellus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æsop, the fabulist, -vi. <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æsopus, the actor, his extravagance, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">—his famous dish of birds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æthiopia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wonders of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animals of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sand of, -vi. <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æthiopian Sea, Islands of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æthiopis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æthiops, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aëtites, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_364">364</a>, -<a href="#Page_446">446</a>, -<a href="#Page_449">449</a>, -<a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aëtion, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ætna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ætolia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Æx, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Africa, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—islands of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—discoveries in, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—produces no stags, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—proprietors of, put to death by Nero, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its fruitfulness in wheat, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">African animals, decree respecting, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—by whom sent to Rome, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Africus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Affection, instances of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—shewn by serpents, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aganippe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agaric, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agates, -vi. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>, -<a href="#Page_388">388</a>, -<a href="#Page_412">412</a>, -<a href="#Page_418">418</a>, -<a href="#Page_439">439</a>, -<a href="#Page_440">440</a>, -<a href="#Page_441">441</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agatharchides, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agathocles, the historian, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agathocles of Chios, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agathyrsi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Age, of animals known from the teeth, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">—of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agelades, -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ageraton, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agesander, -vi. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agger, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_347">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agility, instances of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aglaophotis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aglaosthenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aglaüs, his happiness, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agnus castus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agoracritus, -vi. <a href="#Page_310">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agreement of mankind on certain points, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agriculture, surnames derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ancient taste for, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—writers upon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—maxims of the ancients upon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agrifolia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agrigentum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agrion, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agriopas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agrippa, M., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>— -vi. <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, -<a href="#Page_233">233</a>, -<a href="#Page_347">347</a>, -<a href="#Page_378">378</a>, -480.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agrippæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agrippina, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, -<a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—her memoirs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—poisons Claudius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Agrippinas, the two, their characters, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ahenobarbus, C. Domitius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aigleucos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Air, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aïzoum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ajax, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—death of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ajmere, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alabanda, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alabandic stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_330">330</a>, -<a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alabaster, -vi. <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—boxes for unguents, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alabastrites, -vi. <a href="#Page_329">329</a>, -<a href="#Page_330">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alabastritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_440">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alabastron, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alabeta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alauda, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alba Longa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alban Mount, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alban wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Albania, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Albertus Magnus quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, -<a href="#Page_431">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Albinos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Albion, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Albis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Albucus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Albugo, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Albula, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alburnum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcæus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcala de Henares, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcamenes, -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, -<a href="#Page_178">178</a>, -<a href="#Page_310">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcea, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcibiades, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, -<a href="#Page_186">186</a>, -<a href="#Page_316">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcibium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcima, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcippe, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcman, death of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcmena, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alcyonidium ficus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alder, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alec, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alectoria, -vi. <a href="#Page_440">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alectoroslophos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alex, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alexander the Great, -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>; -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>; -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>; -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, -<a href="#Page_175">175</a>, -<a href="#Page_176">176</a>, -<a href="#Page_258">258</a>, -<a href="#Page_259">259</a>, -<a href="#Page_264">264</a>, -<a href="#Page_389">389</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his letters, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his edict as to his portraits, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his Indian expedition, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>; -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alexander, king of Epirus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alexander, Cornelius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alexandria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—plan of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—foundation of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alexipharmacon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alexis, -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alga, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alga rufa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alica, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alicant, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aliments, influence of, upon the disposition, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alinda, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alisma, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alites, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alkaline ashes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alkanet, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alkekengi, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alluvion, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the Nile, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Almaden, mines of, -vi. <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Almanacks, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Almandine, -vi. <a href="#Page_420">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Almonds, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aloe, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alopecuros, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alopecy, remedies for, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alpheus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alphius, Lake, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alps, nations of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—passes of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alsine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Altercangenum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Althæa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Altinum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_295">295</a>, -<a href="#Page_296">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alum (plants), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alumen, -vi. <a href="#Page_294">294-298</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alunite, -vi. <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alunogen, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aluntium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alypon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Alysson, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amadue, -vi. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amalchian Sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amalthæa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amanus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amaracinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amaracus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amaranth, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amardi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amasia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amasis, King, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amastris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amazons, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Amber">Amber, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>-404.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ambracia, -vi. <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ambracian Gulf, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ambrosia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ambrysus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ambula, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ameria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—brooms of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—willow of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amethyst, -vi. <a href="#Page_433">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amethystine tint, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amethystos, -vi. <a href="#Page_432">432</a>, -<a href="#Page_433">433</a>, -<a href="#Page_434">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amianthus, -vi. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>, -<a href="#Page_444">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aminean grape, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amisius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amisus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ammi, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ammianus Marcellinus quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ammoniac gum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ammonites, -vi. <a href="#Page_451">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amometus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amomis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amomum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amorgos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ampelitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ampeloleuce, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ampelome, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ampeloprason, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ampelos agria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ampelos Chironia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ampelusia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphidanes, -vi. <a href="#Page_442">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphilochus of Athens, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphimalla, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>, -<a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphipolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphisbæna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphissa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphistratus, -vi. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphitheatre, of Curio, -vi. <a href="#Page_350">350</a>, -<a href="#Page_351">351</a>, -<a href="#Page_352">352</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Nero, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphitheatre, awnings for, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphitus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amphora, -vi. <a href="#Page_396">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ampsaga, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amulets. <em>See</em> “Magic.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Amurca of olives, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amyclæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amygdalinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amygdalites, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amylum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Amyris, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anabasis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anacampseros, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anacreon, his death, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mentioned, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anactoria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anagallis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anagyros, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anaitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ananchites, -vi. <a href="#Page_408">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anancitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anaphe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anarrhinon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anataria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anatomy, ignorance of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anaxagoras, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, <a href="#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anaxapolis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anaxarchus, his fortitude, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anaxilaüs, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anaxilaüs of Larissa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anaximander, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anaximenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anazarbus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ancæus, -vi. <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, -<a href="#Page_262">262</a>, -<a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anchiale, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anchialum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anchors, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anchusa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ancona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ancus Martius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ancyra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Andaræ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Andrachle, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Andrachne, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Andreas, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Androbius, -vi. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Androclus and the Lion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_271">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Androcydes, his letter to Alexander, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Androdamas, -vi. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>, -<a href="#Page_440">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Androgyni, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Andromeda, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the dwarf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Andropogon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Andros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Androsaces, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Androsæmon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Androtion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anemone, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Angel-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anger, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Angerona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Angora, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Animals, the largest, in India, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wild, their instinct, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their supposed dread of man, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—medical remedies first indicated by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>-294</li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics of danger derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—nations exterminated by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in a half-wild state, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that are partly tamed only, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—places where certain, are not found, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which injure strangers only, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which injure the natives only, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the largest found in the sea, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oviparous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—terrestrial, that are oviparous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_540" class="ext">540</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—terrestrial, the generation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_540" class="ext">540-544</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—position of, in the uterus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_544" class="ext">544</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the origin of which is unknown, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_544" class="ext">544</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—born of beings that are not born themselves, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_546" class="ext">546</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—born themselves but not reproductive, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_546" class="ext">546</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that are of neither sex, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_546" class="ext">546</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the senses of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_546" class="ext">546</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_547" class="ext">547</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the feeding of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that live on poisons, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the drinking of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_550" class="ext">550</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the antipathies of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_550" class="ext">550</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the friendships of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_552" class="ext">552</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the sleep of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_552" class="ext">552</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_553" class="ext">553</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—certain, subject to dreams, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_553" class="ext">553</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that are found in fire, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that live for a day only, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—characteristics of, limb by limb, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—horns of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have no eyelids, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have not teeth on each side of the mouth, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have hollow teeth, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their age estimated from their teeth, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in which the neck is rigid, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which have the largest heart, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have two hearts, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which have the largest lungs, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which have the smallest lungs, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that are destitute of gall, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have no belly, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the only ones that vomit, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have no kidneys, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have no bladder, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have suet, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have marrow, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have no bones, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have no nerves, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have no arteries or veins, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the blood of which coagulates, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the blood of which does not coagulate, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of which the blood is thickest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of which the blood is thinnest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that are destitute of blood at certain times, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the feet of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the tails of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the voices of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that feed upon poison, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their modes of defence, -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—none that are odoriferous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—superstitious usages relative to, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, -<a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anio, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anise, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anna Perenna, -vi. <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anonis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anonymos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antæus, the giant, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antæus, the physician, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antandros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fall of the baths at, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antaphrodisiacs, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>— -vi. <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antelope, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antelope oryx, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antemnæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antenor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anteros, -vi. <a href="#Page_434">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthalium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthedon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthemis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthelmintics, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthericos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthias, the fish, how taken, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthophoros, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthracites, -vi. <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthracitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_423">423</a>, -<a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthriscum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Anthropophagi">Anthropophagi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_104">104</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthyllis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anthyllium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antias, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antibes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anticlides, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anticyra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>— -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anticyricon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antidote, universal, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antidotus, -vi. <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antigenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antigonus, -vi. <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antigonus of Cymæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antilibanus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antimony, -vi. <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, -<a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antiochia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antiochus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">—the marvellous cure of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antipater, Cælius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antipater of Sidon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antipater of Tarsus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antipathes (the stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_442">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antipathies, and sympathies between aquatic animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_550" class="ext">550</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antipathy, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, -<a href="#Page_13">13</a>, -<a href="#Page_50">50</a>, -<a href="#Page_51">51</a>, -<a href="#Page_407">407</a>, -<a href="#Page_442">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antiphilus, -vi. <a href="#Page_269">269</a>, -<a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antipodes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a> to -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antipolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antiquity of the art of Painting, -vi. <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, -<a href="#Page_229">229</a>, -<a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antirrhinum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antirrhium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antispodium, -vi. <a href="#Page_203">203</a>, -<a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antonia, who never expectorated, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antonines, the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Antony, Marc, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, -<a href="#Page_92">92</a>, -<a href="#Page_178">178</a>, -<a href="#Page_180">180</a>, -<a href="#Page_416">416</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—harnesses lions, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his inebriety, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ants, venomous, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—description of, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their reproduction, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their habits, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—winged, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gigantic size of those of India, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—excavate gold, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, -<a href="#Page_442">442</a>, -<a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anubis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anularian white, -vi. <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aornos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aorsi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aosta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apamea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apamia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aparine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Ἀπαθεῖς</span>, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apatite, -vi. <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apes, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—white, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their shrewdness, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how taken, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—affection for their young, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their teeth, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their resemblance to man, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apeliotes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apellas, -vi. <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apelles, artist, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, -<a href="#Page_256">256</a> to -<a href="#Page_263">263</a>, -<a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apelles, physician, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apennines, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aphaca, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aphace, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apharce, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aphides, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aphrodisiaca, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="aphrod">Aphrodisiacs, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aphrodisius, the river, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aphrodite, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aphronitram, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aphua, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apiana, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apiastrum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apiatæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apicius, M., the epicure, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apidanus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apiolæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apion, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apios ischias, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apis (the city), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the Egyptian deity, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apocynum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apodes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apographon, -vi. <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apolecti, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollinaris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollobeches, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollodorus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, -<a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollodorus of Lemnos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollonia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollonides, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollonius of Pergamus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollonius Mus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollonius of Pitanæ, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apollonius Tyanæus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apothecæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Appendix, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Appî Forum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Appiades, -vi. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Appianum, -vi. <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, -<a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Appius Claudius, -vi. <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apple of the earth, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apples, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—smell of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apronia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aproxis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aps, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apsides, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apsinthe, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apsyctos, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apua, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apuleius quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apulia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apuscidanus, Lake, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Apyrenum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aqua Marcia, -vi. <a href="#Page_353">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aqua Tepula, -vi. <a href="#Page_353">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aquamarine, -vi. <a href="#Page_414">414</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aquatic animals, distribution of, into species, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their parturitions, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their antipathies and sympathies, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from, -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aqueducts, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, -<a href="#Page_353">353</a>, -<a href="#Page_354">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aquifolia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aquila, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aquileia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aquilius, -vi. <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aquilo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aquitanica described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arabia, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>— -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its spices, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Roman expedition against, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—why called “Happy,” -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its perfumes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its rivers, -vi. <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arabian Gulf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arabian stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_365">365</a>, -<a href="#Page_366">366</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arabian thorn, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arabica, -vi. <a href="#Page_442">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arabis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arabs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arachidna, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arachne, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>— -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arachosia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aracos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aracynthus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arados, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aral, Sea of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Araneus, -vi. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arar, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aratus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arausio, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Araxes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Araxus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arbalo, victory at, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arbela, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arbute-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arbutus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arcadia, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—asses of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its simples, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arcesilas, -vi. <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arcesilaüs, -vi. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, -<a href="#Page_322">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archagathus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archebion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archelaüs, king, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archelaüs, the poet, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archezostis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archibius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archidemus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archilochus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archimachus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archimedes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Architecture, the orders of, -vi. <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, -<a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Archytas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arcion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arconnesus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arction, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arcturum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arcturus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ardea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—paintings at, -vi. <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Areca catechu, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Areiopagus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arelate, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arellius, -vi. <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arellius Fuscus, -vi. <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arescon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arescusa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arethusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arezzo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argæus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arganthonius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argema, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argemo, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argemone, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argemonia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argentaria, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argentarii, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argentarium, -vi. <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argilla, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arginussæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argippæi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argo, the ship, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argolis described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argonauts, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argos, Amphilochian, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Hippian, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Inachian or Dipsian, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argyrodamas, -vi. <a href="#Page_441">441</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argyrippa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Argyritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ariadne, -vi. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ariana described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arianis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aricia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ariena, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arii, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arimaspi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ariminum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arimphæi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arinca, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arion, the story of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arisaros, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arisbe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristæus, the story of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristagoras, -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristander, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristarchus of Sicyon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristarete, -vi. <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristeas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristides, (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, -<a href="#Page_178">178</a>, -<a href="#Page_255">255</a>, -<a href="#Page_263">263</a>, -<a href="#Page_264">264</a>, -<a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristides of Miletus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristocreon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristocritus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristodemus, -vi. <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristogenes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristogiton, -vi. <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, -<a href="#Page_177">177</a>, -<a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristogiton, the author, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristolaüs, -vi. <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristolochia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristomachus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristomachus of Soli, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristomenes, his heart covered with hair, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his remarkable escape, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristophanes, the comic writer, quoted, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his joke upon Euripides, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristophanes of Miletus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ariston, -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_185">185</a>, -<a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristonidas, -vi. <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, -<a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristophon, -vi. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristotle, his birth-place, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his enquiries into Natural History, by order of Alexander, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aristratus, -vi. <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arles, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Armenia described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Armenian bole, -vi. <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Armenium, -vi. <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Armenochalybes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Armentarius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Armillæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arms, various, when first used, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arms (of the body) described, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiarities in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aromatic wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aromatites, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aromatitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_442">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arcs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arosapes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aroteres, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arpinum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arraceni, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arrenogonon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arretium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arrhenicum, -vi. <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, -<a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arrian, his autograph, -vi. <a href="#Page_336">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arrows, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how poisoned, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arrugiæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arruntius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arsenic, -vi. <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, -<a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arsenogonon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arsinoë, -vi. <a href="#Page_427">427</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—city of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—temple of, -vi. <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arsinoïtes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artabrum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artacoana, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artaphernes, -vi. <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artaxata, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artemidorus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artemis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artemisia (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artemisia (queen), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artemisium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artemita, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artemon (the artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artemon (the writer), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artemon, his resemblance to Antiochus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arteriace, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arterial pulsation, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arteries, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artery, tracheal, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Articulation, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artichoke, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artificial wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256-260</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artists in silver, -vi. <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, -<a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Artolaganus, -iv. <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arts, persons who have excelled in the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aruspices, -iii <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Arval priesthood, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">As, -vi. <a href="#Page_149">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asafœtida, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asana, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asarotos Œcos, -vi. <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, -<a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asarubas, -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asarum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asbestus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>, -<a href="#Page_442">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ascalabotes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ascalon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ascitæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asclepias, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asclepiades, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his medical practice, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asclepiades of Thrace, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asclepiodorus, -vi. <a href="#Page_267">267</a>, -<a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asconius Pedianus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asculum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ascyroïdes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ascyron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aselli, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asellus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ash (tree), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ashdod, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ashes, -vi. <a href="#Page_283">283</a>, -<a href="#Page_284">284</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used in agriculture, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asia, islands of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asio, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asisium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asmagi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asp, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_552" class="ext">552</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aspalathos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asparagus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aspendum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asperugo, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asphalt, -vi. <a href="#Page_293">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asphaltites, Lake, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asphodel, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aspisatis, -vi. <a href="#Page_442">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asplenon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asprenas, -vi. <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asprenates, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ass, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wild, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its generation, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—best varieties of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its habits, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its value, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eaten as food, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Indian, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its bones used for flutes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its milk, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—baths of its milk, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Assabinus, the god, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Assyria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Assisi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astaceni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astaci, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astaphis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—agria, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astapus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astarte, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aster, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astercum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asteria, -vi. <a href="#Page_437">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asthma, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astobores, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astomi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astorga, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astosapes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astragalizontes, -vi. <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astragals, -vi. <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astragalus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astragus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astrapæa, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astrion, -vi. <a href="#Page_437">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astriotes, -vi. <a href="#Page_437">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astrobolos, -vi. <a href="#Page_438">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astrology, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astromancy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astura, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asturcones, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asturia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astynomus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Astypalæa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Asyla, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atabulus, the wind, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ateius, L., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ateius Prætextatus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atergatis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aternus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ateste, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athamanes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athamantium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athanatus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athenæus quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athenion, -vi. <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athenis, -vi. <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athenodorus, -vi. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athens, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athletes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athletic exercises, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Athos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inhabitants of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atinas, C. Pompeius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atinum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atizoë, -vi. <a href="#Page_442">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atlantes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atlantic Ocean, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—islands of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atlantis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atlas, Mount, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atomic theory of Plato, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atractylis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atramentum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, -<a href="#Page_241">241</a>, -<a href="#Page_242">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atramentum sutorium, -vi. <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, -<a href="#Page_201">201</a>, -<a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atramitæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atrebates, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atriplex, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atropatene, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attacori, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attagen, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attagenæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attalic vestments, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attalus, king, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, -<a href="#Page_145">145</a>, -<a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attelebi, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attica described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atticus, Julius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Atticus, Pomponius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attilus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attius, L., -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Attus, Navius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Auchetæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aufidius, M., -vi. <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Augetis, -vi. <a href="#Page_402">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Augury, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from eggs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Augustus, the Emperor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, -<a href="#Page_233">233</a>, -<a href="#Page_262">262</a>, -<a href="#Page_387">387</a>, -<a href="#Page_389">389</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an author, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his union with Livia unprolific, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his misfortunes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the colour of his eyes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his temple, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his taste in wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Augustite, -vi. <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Augylæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aulocrenæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aulon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aulus Gellius quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aurata, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aurelian, the Emperor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aurelius, Marcus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aurichalcum, -vi. <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, -<a href="#Page_435">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Auripigmentum, -vi. <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, -<a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aurora Borealis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ausones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Auster, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Autololes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Autolycus, -vi. <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Autumn, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aventurine, -vi. <a href="#Page_423">423</a>, -<a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Avernus, Lake, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Avianius Evander, -vi. <a href="#Page_317">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Aviaries, the inventor of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Awnings for theatres, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Axenus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Axinomancy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Axis, the wild beast, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Axungia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Azanian Sea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Azotus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">B.</li> - -<li class="indx">Babba, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Babel, tower of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baboon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Babylon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_294">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Babylonia, fertility of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Babylonian vestments, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Babylonians, their astronomical observations, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Babytace, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bacca, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bacchar, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bacchiadæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bacchius of Miletus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bacchus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his birth, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—origin of the name, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bacchus (fish), -vi. <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bactra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bactriana, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bactrus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Badger, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bætica, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bætis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bæton, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bætyli, -vi. <a href="#Page_438">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bagoüs, an eunuch, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bagrada, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bahr-el-Abied, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baiæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bakers, when first introduced at Rome, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balæna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balaklava, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balani, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balanites, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balanus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oil of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balas ruby, -vi. <a href="#Page_421">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balaustium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balbus, Cornelius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_329">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balbusard, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baldness, natural, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balearic Islands, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—infested with hares, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balista, first used, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balkh, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ball, game of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ballis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ballotes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balm, of Gilead, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Mecca, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balsamodes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Balsamum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>; -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baltia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baltic, islands of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bamberg MS. of the text of Pliny, -vi. <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, -<a href="#Page_190">190</a>, -<a href="#Page_465">465</a>, -<a href="#Page_466">466</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bambos arundinacea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bambotus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bambyx, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Banasa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bandoline, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bankers, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Banquets in trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Banquetting-couches, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bantams, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_536" class="ext">536</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Banyan tree, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baobab tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baptes, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Barbers, early employment of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Barberry, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Barcelona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Barcino, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bargyla, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Barippe, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bark of trees, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_354">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Barley, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baroptenus, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Barrenness, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Barter, -vi. <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Basanite, -vi. <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, -<a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Basil, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Basilia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_408">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Basilica, -vi. <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, -<a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Basilis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Basilisk, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bassus, Calpurnius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bassus, Julius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bassus, Q. Lecanius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bastard, asarum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dittany, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—saffron, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Basternæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bat, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_540" class="ext">540</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used as a countercharm, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Batavi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bath-room, sprinkled with unguents, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baths at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_353">353</a>, -<a href="#Page_354">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Batia, -vi. <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Batis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Baton, -vi. <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Batrachion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Batrachitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Batrachus, -vi. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, -<a href="#Page_322">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Battering-ram, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Battles, the first, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bauli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bdellium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beaks of ships, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beans, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bears, and their cubs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in the Circus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—have the hardest skulls, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their genitals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bears’-grease, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for the hair, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beaver, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>— -vi. <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, -<a href="#Page_14">14</a>, -<a href="#Page_416">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bebriacum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bebryces, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bechion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beckmann’s “History of Inventions” quoted, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>; -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>; -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_514" class="ext">514</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, -<a href="#Page_5">5</a>, -<a href="#Page_32">32</a>, -<a href="#Page_97">97</a>, -<a href="#Page_98">98</a>, -<a href="#Page_99">99</a>, -<a href="#Page_108">108</a>, -<a href="#Page_109">109</a>, -<a href="#Page_111">111</a>, -<a href="#Page_114">114</a>, -<a href="#Page_124">124</a>, -<a href="#Page_141">141</a>, -<a href="#Page_142">142</a>, -<a href="#Page_143">143</a>, -<a href="#Page_147">147</a>, -<a href="#Page_189">189</a>, -<a href="#Page_191">191</a>, -<a href="#Page_195">195</a>, -<a href="#Page_198">198</a>, -<a href="#Page_200">200</a>, -<a href="#Page_207">207</a>, -<a href="#Page_208">208</a>, -<a href="#Page_212">212</a>, -<a href="#Page_213">213</a>, -<a href="#Page_214">214</a>, -<a href="#Page_218">218</a>, -<a href="#Page_238">238</a>, -<a href="#Page_240">240</a>, -<a href="#Page_241">241</a>, -<a href="#Page_242">242</a>, -<a href="#Page_243">243</a>, -<a href="#Page_244">244</a>, -<a href="#Page_295">295</a>, -<a href="#Page_301">301</a>, -<a href="#Page_330">330</a>, -<a href="#Page_357">357</a>, -<a href="#Page_369">369</a>, -<a href="#Page_370">370</a>, -<a href="#Page_375">375</a>, -<a href="#Page_379">379</a>, -<a href="#Page_380">380</a>, -<a href="#Page_381">381</a>, -<a href="#Page_382">382</a>, -<a href="#Page_398">398</a>, -<a href="#Page_409">409</a>, -<a href="#Page_410">410</a>, -<a href="#Page_420">420</a>, -<a href="#Page_422">422</a>, -<a href="#Page_424">424</a>, -<a href="#Page_425">425</a>, -<a href="#Page_430">430</a>, -<a href="#Page_432">432</a>, -<a href="#Page_463">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bedeguar, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bedouins, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bedrooms, quinces hung up in, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—plants in, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bee-bread, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beech, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bee-eater, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bee-glue, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beehives, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="beer">Beer, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bees, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their works, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5-6</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—honey, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their wax, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their fondness for the olive, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—not injurious to trees, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—persons who have made them their study, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their mode of working, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8-14</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their habits, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—reproduction of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—swarming of, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their government, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—omens afforded by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the king-bee, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16-21</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their sting, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their aversions, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—what creatures are hostile to them, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their diseases, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—things that are noxious to them, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—olive oil fatal to them, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how to keep them to the hive, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how to renew the swarm, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—plants for, -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their food, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their hives, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—influence of hunger upon them, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beet, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beetles, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Behen nut, or ben, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Belemnites, -vi. <a href="#Page_398">398</a>, -<a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beli oculus, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Belladonna, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bellerophon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bellio, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bellis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bells, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Belly, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animals with none, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Belluno, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Belone, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Belunum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Belus (the divinity), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Belus (the river), -vi. <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Belus (the stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beneventum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Berecynthus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Berenice (city), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Berenice (queen), -vi. <a href="#Page_427">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Berenice’s Hair, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bergamo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bergamum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Berkeley, Bishop, his “Siris,” -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Berœa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Berosus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Berry fruits, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319-322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beryls, -vi. <a href="#Page_414">414</a>, -<a href="#Page_415">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Berytus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bestia, Calpurnius, how he slew his wives, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Betel, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beterræ, wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bethleptephene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beth-shan, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Betony, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bevagna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Beyrout, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bezoar stones, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bibraga, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Biestings, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bilbilis, -vi. <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bildulgerid, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bion of Soli, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bion (wine), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Birch, bitumen from, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Birdlime, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Birds, of Æthiopia and India, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—classified according to their feet, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of ill omen, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—extinct, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—born with the tail first, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—with hooked talons, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ominous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—migration of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503-506</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—flight of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504-506</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—places where certain are never found, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which change their colour and voice, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—incubation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—aquatic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—construction of their nests, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_514" class="ext">514</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—flight of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_520" class="ext">520</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—food of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—instinct of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which speak, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522-525</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their mode of drinking, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their food, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—foreign kinds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fabulous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—language of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>— -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the generation of, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532-538</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when they lay, and how many eggs, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_537" class="ext">537</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—why they peck at the eyes, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—feet of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—singing of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em><a href="#singingbirds">See</a> also</em> “Singing of birds.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Births, marvellous, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134-138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—monstrous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Birthwort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bison, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bithus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bithynia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bitonto, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bitumen, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, -<a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Judæa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bituriges, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Biuri, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bizya, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bladder, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animals destitute of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, -<a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blachnon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_245">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blackberries, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_411">411</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_47">47</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_49">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blackbird, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_509">509</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—white, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512">512</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Black Forest, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_328">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Black marble, -vi. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Black stones, -vi. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Black vine, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blasting winds, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blattaria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blechnon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blemmyæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blendius, -vi. <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blinding of birds, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blindness, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blindworm, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blite, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blood, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>; -<b>v.</b> <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of insects, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—human, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—discharges of, periodically, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which is the thickest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which is the thinnest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—other properties of it, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—whether it is the principle of life, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—baths of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—spitting of, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bloodless fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blood-letting, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blood-red shrub, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bloodstone, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>, -<a href="#Page_450">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blossoming of flowers, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380-384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blossoms of plants, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blue, staining the body, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blue-bell, iv. -<a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Blushing, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boa (serpent), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boa (disease), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boarfish, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boats, various kinds of, the invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boca, -vi. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bocchus, Cornelius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bodies that have the nature of animal and vegetable combined, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bodincus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Body, gigantic, discovered, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remarkable properties of the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—parts to which certain religious ideas are attached, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—maladies which attack the whole of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—evils which affect the whole of the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bœbeïs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bœdas, -vi. <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, -<a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bœotia, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boëthus, -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_184">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bœus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_555" class="ext">555</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boils, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bokhara, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boleti, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bolites, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bologna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bologna stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_447">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bolos, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bolters, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Βομβύκια</span>, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bombylis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bombyx of Assyria, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bona Dea, rites of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_536" class="ext">536</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bonasus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bones, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gigantic, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—solid, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the head, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—broken, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bonomi’s “Nineveh,” referred to, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bononia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bonus Eventus, -vi. <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Books, of Numa, discovered, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—burnt, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—seasoning of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boomerang, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—possible allusion to, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bootskopf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Borage, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—still used in certain beverages, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boreas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Borion, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Borysthenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bosporus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bostock, Dr. -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_vi" class="ext">vi</a> (in the Preface); -vi. <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, -<a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bostrychitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>, -<a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Botany, introduction of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Botryitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Botrys, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bong, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boulogne, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bovillæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bowels, remedies for pains in the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for maladies in the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bowstrings, made of the genitals of the camel, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Box-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Box-wood, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brabyla, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brace (malting wheat), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brachmanæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Braga, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brahma, temple of, -vi. <a href="#Page_406">406</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brahmins, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brain, of man, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—and other animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—palpitation of the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bramble, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47-50</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Ida, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Bramblefrog">Bramble-frog, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bran, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Branch, propagation from the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Branches of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Branchidæ, oracle of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brand’s “Popular Antiquities” quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brand-marks, how treated, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brass, a description of, -vi. <a href="#Page_147">147-168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brathy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bratus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brawn, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bread, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—methods of making, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bream, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Breast, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—modes of preserving the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Breath, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—tainted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—bad, remedies for, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of animals, different effects of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Breeches, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bregma, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brenta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brick, used in making bread, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bricks, -vi. <a href="#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>, -<a href="#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brilessus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brindisi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Britain, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, -<a href="#Page_215">215</a>, -<a href="#Page_399">399</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—pearls of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oysters of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_27" class="ext">27</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its geese, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the people of, stain the body, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its possible communication with the East, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Britannica, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—why so called, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brixilum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brocchi, the family of the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brochon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bromos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brontea, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bronze, -vi. <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bronzite, -vi. <a href="#Page_412">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brood-hens, defects in, and their remedies, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Broom, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brundusium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bruscum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brussels sprouts, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bruttium described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brutus, Callæcus, -vi. <a href="#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brutus, L., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brutus, M., -vi. <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brya, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bryaxis, -vi. <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, -<a href="#Page_179">179</a>, -<a href="#Page_313">313</a>, -<a href="#Page_316">316</a>, -<a href="#Page_317">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bryazus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bryon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—maritimum, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bryony, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bubalus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bubastis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bubasus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>.</li> -<li class="indx">Bubo, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bubon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bubonion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bucardia, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buccinum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bucephala, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bucephalus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buckthorn, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Budding, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buffon, an opinion of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bufonite, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buglossos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bugs, remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Building, woods used in, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—stones used for, -vi. <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—methods of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—defects in, -vi. <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buildings, marvellous, at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_345">345-355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulapathum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bularchus, -vi. <a href="#Page_247">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulb emetic, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulbine, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulbs, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulgaria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulimia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulls, wild, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the appearance of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fights by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used as victims, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how ridden, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulls’ blood, the effects of swallowing, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_518" class="ext">518</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulls’ gall, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bulrushes of stone, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bumastus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bunias, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bunion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bupalus, -vi. <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bupleuron, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buprestis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buphthalmos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bura, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burbuleius, the actor, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burcana, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burgundiones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burial, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burning, places that are always, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burning the dead, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burning-glasses, -vi. <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, -<a href="#Page_396">396</a>, -<a href="#Page_450">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burning shields, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burns, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Burying alive, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Busiris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Butades, -vi. <a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Butcher’s broom, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buteo, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buteones, family of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buthrotum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Butoridas, -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Butter, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buttermilk, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buzzard, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Byblis, -vi. <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Byblos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Byssus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bythiæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Byzacium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Byzantium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">C.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cabbages, most esteemed when yellow, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185-188</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—admired by Cato the Censor, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their remedial virtues, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235-241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Cabinetwork">Cabinet-work, woods for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cabiri, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cacalia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cachelot whale, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cachexy, -vi. <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cachla, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cacholong, -vi. <a href="#Page_413">413</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cachrys, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cackerel, -vi. <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cacoëthes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cactos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cadistus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cadiz, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cadmia, -vi. <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, -<a href="#Page_149">149</a>, -<a href="#Page_191">191-194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cadmitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cadmus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caduceus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cadusii, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cadytas, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæcilius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæcina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>— -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæcuban wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæcubum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cælia (a kind of beer), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæpio, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cære, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæruleum, -vi. <a href="#Page_141">141-144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæsapon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæsarean operation, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Cæsars,” why so called, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæsena, wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæsennius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæsi, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæsones, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cæsonia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caïcus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caieta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calabria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calabrix, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calagurris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calahorra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calamine, -vi. <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, -<a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calamis, -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_167">167</a>, -<a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calamites, -vi. <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, -<a href="#Page_32">32</a>, -<a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calamochnus, -vi. <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calamus, sweet-scented, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calatajud, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calathi, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calchas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calcifraga, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calculi, urinary, remedies for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caledonian Forest, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calendar, Roman, -vi. <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, -<a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calenian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calentum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calenus, Olenus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caliga, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caligula, the Emperor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, -<a href="#Page_104">104</a>, -<a href="#Page_230">230</a>, -<a href="#Page_349">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calingæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calingi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calippus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callaica, -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callaina, -vi. <a href="#Page_427">427</a>, -<a href="#Page_428">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callais, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callarias, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calliblephara, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callicia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callicles, -vi. <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, -<a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callicrates, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_323">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callidemus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callimachus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callimachus (the artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callimachus (the physician), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callimus, -vi. <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callionymus, -vi. <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calliphanes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callipolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callistratus, -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callisthenes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callistratus, -vi. <a href="#Page_170">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callistus, -vi. <a href="#Page_329">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callitriche, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callitrichos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Callon, -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calpas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calpe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caltha, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caltrop, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calves, man only has them, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calves (animals), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calvinus, Domitius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calvus, the orator, -vi. <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">And <em><a href="#macer">see</a></em> “Macer.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Calycadnus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calydne, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calydon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calymna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calypso, Islands of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Calyx, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Camarina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cambalidus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cambyses, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Camel, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its feet, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its genitals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cameleopard, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first seen at Rome, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Camelodunum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Camerinum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Camillus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, -<a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cammaron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218-222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cammarus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cammock, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Camomile, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Camp, luxury of the Roman in perfumes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Campania, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its roses, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its wheat, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Campaspe, -vi. <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Campi Lapidei, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Campion rose, -vi. <a href="#Page_425">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Campter, -vi. <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Campus Martius, -vi. <a href="#Page_333">333</a>, -<a href="#Page_334">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canachus, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_180">180</a>, -<a href="#Page_322">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canal from the Nile to the Red Sea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canaries (islands), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canary grass, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cancamum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cancer (the disease), remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cancer, sign of, transforms crabs into serpents, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Candace, Queen, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Candahar, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Candaules, -vi. <a href="#Page_247">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Candelæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Candia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Candle rushes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cane (place), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canephori, -vi. <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canine madness, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em><a href="#Hydrophobia">See</a></em> “Hydrophobia.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Canine teeth, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cannabis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cannæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cannibalism, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em><a href="#Anthropophagi">See</a></em> “Anthropophagi.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Canobus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canoes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canon, -vi. <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canopus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cantabri, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cantabrica, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cantharias, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cantharis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cantharus (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cantharus (fish), -vi. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cantharus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cantharides, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cantharite wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Canusium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capena, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caper, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caper-plant, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caphareus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caphrena, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capillati, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capisa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capito, C. Ateius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capito, Oppius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capitolinus, Manlius, his singular valour, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capnos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cappadocia (the country), described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cappadocia (a stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cappadox, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capparis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capræa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capraria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caprification, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caprificus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caprimulgus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capsa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Captatio, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Capua, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carabi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_424">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carambis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carambucis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caraway, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carbasus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carbo, Cn. Papirius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his death prognosticated by mice, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Carbo,” meaning of the word, -vi. <a href="#Page_423">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carbuncle, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, -<a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carbunculus (the stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_420">420-423</a>, -<a href="#Page_425">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carcasum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carcasonne, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carchedonia, -vi. <a href="#Page_425">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carcine, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carcinethron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carcinias, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carcinomata, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cardamomum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cardiac disease, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carduelis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carduus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carfiathum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caria, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its name, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caricatures, -vi. <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caricæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carinthia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carmania described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carmelus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carnac, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carneades, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="carnelian">Carnelian, -vi. <a href="#Page_418">418</a>, -<a href="#Page_420">420</a>, -<a href="#Page_425">425</a>, -<a href="#Page_426">426</a>, -<a href="#Page_431">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carob, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caryophyllon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caros, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carpathian Sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carpathum, -vi. <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carpathus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carpenters’ woods, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em><a href="#Cabinetwork">See</a></em> “Cabinet-work.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Carpentoracte, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carpentras, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carphos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carpinus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carrara marble, -vi. <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carrhæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carrot, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carrucæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carseoli, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cartana, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carteia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cartenna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carthage, Great, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—hated by Cato the Censor, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cartilage, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carvilius, Spurius, -vi. <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, -<a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carving, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caryanda, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caryatides, -vi. <a href="#Page_313">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caryites, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carynian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caryotæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carystus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>, <a href="#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Casignetes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Casilinum, siege of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Casius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Casks, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caspian Gates, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caspian Passes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caspian Sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cassander, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cassia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cassiterides, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cassiteris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cassiteros, -vi. <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, -<a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cassius Parmensis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cassius, Spurius, -vi. <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castabala, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castalia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castes of India, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Casthanea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castor, Antonius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castor and Pollux (stars), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castor oil, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castoreum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, -<a href="#Page_14">14</a>, -<a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castra Cornelia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castration, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castritius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Castulo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catabathmos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catacecaumene, wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catadupi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catagusa, -vi. <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catanance, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catapulta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cataract, cure of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cataractæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cataracts, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catchweed, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catechu, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caterpillars, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_552" class="ext">552</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cathæan mountains, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catharcludi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catiline, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catkin, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catmint, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cato the Censor, -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>; -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his high character, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his treatment of wines, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his hatred to Carthage, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his admiration of the cabbage, -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his bad opinion of the Greeks, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quotations from his work, -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>; -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_520" class="ext">520</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>; -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>; -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cato of Utica, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catoblepas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catochitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catullus quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>, -<a href="#Page_366">366</a>, -<a href="#Page_416">416</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his birth-place, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catulus, Q., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Catus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cat worship, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cats, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_541" class="ext">541</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_543" class="ext">543</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_550" class="ext">550</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cats’-eye chalcedony, -vi. <a href="#Page_438">438</a>, -<a href="#Page_443">443</a>, -<a href="#Page_449">449</a>, -<a href="#Page_452">452</a>, -<a href="#Page_458">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caucalis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caucasus, Passes of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cauline wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caunos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cautery, -vi. <a href="#Page_396">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cave-snails, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cavea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_350">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caverns, windy, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caves, for weaving, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cavnea, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Caÿster, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cebrenia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cebriones, -vi. <a href="#Page_323">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cecrops, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cedar, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cedræi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cedrelates, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cedria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cedrides, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cedrium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Celadussæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Celænæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Celandine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Celeres, -vi. <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Celestial prodigies, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Coronæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Celetes, -vi. <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Celsus, Cornelius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—on gestation, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Celtiberi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cements, -vi. <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, -<a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cemos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cenchramis, -vi. <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cenchreæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cenchris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cenchritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cendebia, -vi. <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cenomanni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Censorial laws, -vi. <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centauri, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centaurion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centauris triorchis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centaury, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centifolia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centipedes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centrones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centum capita, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centunculus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centurion, his mark of authority; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—instance of one honoured with a crown, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Centuripa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cepæa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cephallenia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cephenes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cepheus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cephisia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cephisodotus, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_170">170</a>, -<a href="#Page_179">179</a>, -<a href="#Page_180">180</a>, -<a href="#Page_185">185</a>, -<a href="#Page_186">186</a>, -<a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cephisus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cepitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceponides, -vi. <a href="#Page_447">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceræ, -vi. <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, -<a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceramicus, -vi. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceramitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cerastes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cerasus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cerate, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceratia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceratitis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceraunia, -vi. <a href="#Page_437">437</a>, -<a href="#Page_438">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceraunian Mountains, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceraunus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cerberion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cercina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceres, festivals of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cerigo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cerintha, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cerinthos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cerne, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceroma, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cerrus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceruse, -vi. <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, -<a href="#Page_220">220</a>, -<a href="#Page_238">238</a>, -<a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cervesia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">And <em><a href="#beer">see</a></em> “Beer”</li> - -<li class="indx">Cesi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cestros, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cestrota, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cetariæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceterach, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cethegus, Cornelius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceto, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceuta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cevennes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ceylon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chabura, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chæreas of Athens, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chæristus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chæremon, -vi. <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chæronea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chaff, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used by goldsmiths, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for hay, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chakal, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalasis in the egg, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_533" class="ext">533</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalastra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalazian stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalazias, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcanthum, -vi. <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, -<a href="#Page_200">200</a>, -<a href="#Page_201">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcedon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—why called the City of the Blind, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcedony, -vi. <a href="#Page_329">329</a>, -<a href="#Page_388">388</a>, -<a href="#Page_412">412</a>, -<a href="#Page_413">413</a>, -<a href="#Page_418">418</a>, -<a href="#Page_419">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalceos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcetum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcis (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, -<a href="#Page_198">198</a>, -<a href="#Page_201">201</a>, -<a href="#Page_202">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcophonos, -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcopyrite, -vi. <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalcosthenes, -vi. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chaldæi, -vi. <a href="#Page_424">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalk, used in making bread, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -vi. <a href="#Page_300">300</a>, -<a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalonitis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chalybes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chama, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæacte, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæcerasus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæcissos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæcyparissos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamædaphne, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamædrys, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæleon (animal), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315-318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—has nothing but lungs in the body, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiarity of its eyes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæleon (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæleuce, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæmelum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæmyrsine, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæpence, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæpitys, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæplatanus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæreps, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamærops, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæsyce, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamæzelon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamelæa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamois, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chamses, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Channe, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chaones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chaplets, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304-309</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Characias, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Character expressed by the eyes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Charax, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Charcoal, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Charcoal-blight, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_520">520</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chares (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, -<a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chares of Mitylene, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chargers of silver, -vi. <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chariot-horses, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Charioteers, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chariots, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Charis, -vi. <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Charitoblepharon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Charmis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Charms. <em><a href="#magic">See</a></em> “Magic.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Charybdis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chastity, instances of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chatterer, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chatti, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chauci, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cheek-teeth, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cheeks, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—forbidden to tear the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cheese, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—made of sheep’s milk, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of goats’ milk, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—becomes salt when old, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Zoroaster lived on it, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cheeses, modern, referred to, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chelidonia (plant), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chelidonia (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chelidoniæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chelidonium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chelonia, -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chelonitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chelonophagi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chelyon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chemæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chenalopex, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cheneros, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chenomyche, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cheops, -vi. <a href="#Page_337">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chernites, -vi. <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chernitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cherry, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chersinæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>,</li> - -<li class="indx">Chersiphron, the architect, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_343">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chersonesus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cherusci, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chervil, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chesnut, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chess-board, -vi. <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chest, remedies for diseases of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chian earth, -vi. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chiaroscuro, -vi. <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, -<a href="#Page_251">251</a>, -<a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chicheling vetch, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chickens, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_534" class="ext">534</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>.</li> - - -<li class="indx">Chickpea, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chicory, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Childhood, critical periods of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Children, when they begin to speak, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when to walk, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chiliodynamus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chilney, island of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chilon, his precepts, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chimæra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chimpanze, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chin, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">China, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chinese, possible reference to, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chios described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chiron, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chironia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chironian pyxacanthus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chironion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chlampys, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chloreus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chlorion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chlorite, -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chloritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Choara, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Choaspes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Choaspitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cholera, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chondris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chondrylla, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Choraules, -vi. <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Choromandæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chresimus, C. Furius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Christianity, a possible reference to, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chromis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysalis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysanthemum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chryse, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chryselectrum, -vi. <a href="#Page_404">404</a>, -<a href="#Page_435">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysendeta, -vi. <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, -<a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysermus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chryses, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysippus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysites, -vi. <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysitis (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysobora, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysocarpos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysoceras, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysocolla, -vi. <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, -<a href="#Page_107">107</a>, -<a href="#Page_110">110</a>, -<a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysocolla (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_442">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysocome, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysolachanum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysolampis, -vi. <a href="#Page_447">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysolite, -vi. <a href="#Page_426">426</a>, -<a href="#Page_427">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysolithos, -vi. <a href="#Page_434">434</a>, -<a href="#Page_435">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysomelum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysophrys, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysopis, -vi. <a href="#Page_447">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysopolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysoprase, -vi. <a href="#Page_413">413</a>, -<a href="#Page_414">414</a>, -<a href="#Page_415">415</a>, -<a href="#Page_427">427</a>, -<a href="#Page_429">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chrysopteron, -vi. <a href="#Page_427">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Chydæi, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cicada, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cicatrization, applications for promoting, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cicer, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cicero, the Orator, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_323">323</a>, -<a href="#Page_324">324</a>, -<a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eulogium on him, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quotations from his works, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_171">171</a>, -<a href="#Page_173">173</a>, -<a href="#Page_174">174</a>, -<a href="#Page_177">177</a>, -<a href="#Page_224">224</a>, -<a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cicero, the Younger, his singular drunkenness, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cichorium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cicus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cicuta, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cilicia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cilium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cimbri, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—victory over the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cimmerian Bosporus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cimmerium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cimolian earth, -vi. <a href="#Page_300">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cimolus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cimon (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinaris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinædia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinædopolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cincinnatus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cincius, -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cineas, his extraordinary memory, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his witticism, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinnabar, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake made as to its identity, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinnabaris, -vi. <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, -<a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinnamolgus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinnamominum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinnamomum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137-140</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—chaplets of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinnamon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cinquefoil, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cippus, story of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Circæa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Circæon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Circe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Circeii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Circles suddenly formed in the air, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Circos, -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Circuit of Rome, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Circus Maximus, -vi. <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—games of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cirsion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cirta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cissanthemos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cissitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>, -<a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cissos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cistern water, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cisterns, -vi. <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cisthos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cithæron, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cities swallowed up by the sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Citium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Citron, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eaten with vinegar, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Citrus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194-197</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—great value of the wood, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Civet, possible allusion to, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Civic crown, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clarian Apollo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clarigation, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Claudia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Claudius, the Emperor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, -<a href="#Page_354">354</a>, -<a href="#Page_417">417</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the colour of his eyes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—poisoned, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clazomenæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cleanthes (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clefts in the earth, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clelia, -vi. <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clema, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clematis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clematitis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cleobulus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cleombrotus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cleomenes, -vi. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cleon, -vi. <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cleonæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cleopatra, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—swallows a pearl of great value, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cleophantus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clepsydra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cliduchus, -vi. <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Climacteric, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Climate, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inequality of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Climax Megale, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clinical practice, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clinkstone, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clinopodium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clipping of shrubs, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clitarchus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clitus, -vi. <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clitorium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clitorius, Lake, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clivia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clodius, Publius, -vi. <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, -<a href="#Page_206">206</a>, -<a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clodius, Servius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cloth, fine, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—different kinds of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clothing derived from trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clot-burr, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clouds, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—stones falling from the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clover, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cluacina, Venus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clupea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sprattus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clusium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clymenus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clypea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clypei, -vi. <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, -<a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cnecos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cneorum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cnestron, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cnidian Venus, -vi. <a href="#Page_312">312</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cnidinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cnidos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cnossus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coagulum terræ, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coän Venus, -vi. <a href="#Page_312">312</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coän vestments, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coatings for colours, -vi. <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, -<a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cobalt, -vi. <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, -<a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cobios, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cobweb blight, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cobwebs, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coccus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coccus Cnidius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coccus ilicis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coccygia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cochineal, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cochleæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cochlides, -vi. <a href="#Page_461">461</a>, -<a href="#Page_462">462</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cock, the dunghill, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how castrated, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—one that spoke, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cockfighting, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cock’scomb, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cockles, -vi. <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, -<a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cocles, Horatius, -vi. <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, -<a href="#Page_345">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cocolobis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cocoons, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Codanian Gulf, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Codierite, -vi. <a href="#Page_407">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cœlesyria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cœliac flux, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Cœlum,” origin of the word, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cœranus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coffins, made of earthenware, -vi. <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coimbra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coins, Roman, an account of, -vi. <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, -<a href="#Page_90">90</a>, -<a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colapis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cold drinks, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coliacum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colias, -vi. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colic, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dogs greatly troubled with, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colica described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Collatia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Collegia, the Roman, -vi. <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Collyrium, -vi. <a href="#Page_298">298</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colocasia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colocynthis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cologne, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—affections of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colonies, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colonna, Cape, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colopene, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colophon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colossæ, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colossal, paintings, -vi. <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—statues, -vi. <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, -<a href="#Page_165">165</a>, -<a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colossus of Rhodes, -vi. <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colostra, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colotes, -vi. <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, -<a href="#Page_247">247</a>, -<a href="#Page_403">403</a>, -<a href="#Page_419">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colouring of tissues, -vi. <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, -<a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colours, of the stars -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the sky, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of juices, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—primary, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of flowers, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—plants delineated in, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—artificial, -vi. <a href="#Page_325">325</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for painting, -<a href="#Page_245">245</a>, -<a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colt’sfoot, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coluber haje, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colubraria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Columella, L. J. M., mentioned, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Columnæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Columns of Hercules, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Columns, -vi. <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, -<a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of marble, -<a href="#Page_306">306</a>, -<a href="#Page_307">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coluthia, -vi. <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Colymbades, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Comacum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Comana, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Comata, Gallia, why so called, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Combretum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Come, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Comets, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55-58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Comfrey, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Comitium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Commagene (country), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Commagene (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Commagenum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Commiades, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Commosis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Como, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Compartitions, -vi. <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Compitalia, -vi. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Complutum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Compluvium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Comum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conception, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conch, -vi. <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conchylia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conchyliated fabrics, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conchylium, -vi. <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conditorium, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Condochates, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Condrion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Condurdum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Confarreation, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conferva, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conflagration of the universe, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conger, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Congress, sexual, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conimbrica, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conjuring up of thunder, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conopas, the dwarf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Consentia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Considia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Consiligo, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Consingis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Constantinople, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Constellations, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Constructions without iron, -vi. <a href="#Page_345">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Contents, table of, as given by the author, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Conterraneus,” meaning of the term, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Contests by painters, -vi. <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, -<a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Contracts, -vi. <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Contributions, voluntary, at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Contusions, cured by thapsia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conventus juridicus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Convolvulus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Convulsions, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conyza, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cookery, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cooks, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cophes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coponius, Q., -vi. <a href="#Page_287">287</a>, -<a href="#Page_322">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Copper, working of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—weapons made of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, described, -vi. <a href="#Page_147">147-155</a>, -<a href="#Page_189">189</a>, -<a href="#Page_190">190</a>, -<a href="#Page_191">191</a>, -<a href="#Page_193">193</a>, -<a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coptos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cora, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coracesta, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coracias, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coracinus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coracles, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coral, -vi. <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, -<a href="#Page_11">11</a>, -<a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for infants, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corallis, -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corallitic stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_330">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coralloachates, -vi. <a href="#Page_440">440</a>, -<a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corani, -vi. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>, -<a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corbulo, Domitius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corchoron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corchorus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corculus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corcyra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cordage, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cordi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cordia sebestana, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cordial, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cordova, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corduba, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cordueni, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cordus, Cremutius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corfidius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corfinium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corfu, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coriander, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corinth, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—capture of, -vi. <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, -<a href="#Page_152">152</a>, -<a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corinthia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corinthian brass, -vi. <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, -<a href="#Page_149">149</a>, -<a href="#Page_150">150</a>, -<a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corinthian Gulf, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coriolanus, C. M., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corioli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corison, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cork, uses of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cork-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_524" class="ext">524</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cormorant, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corn, first use of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—low prices of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—grinding of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prodigies connected with, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—modes of storing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104-107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corn marygold, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corn poppy, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cornel, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cornelia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cornelian. <em><a href="#carnelian">See</a></em> “Carnelian.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Cornuta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corocotta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corollæ, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corona graminea, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coronæ, celestial, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corone, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coronea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coronopus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corpulence, how caused, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how reduced, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corruda, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corsica described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corsoeides, -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cortex, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corundum, -vi. <a href="#Page_407">407</a>, -<a href="#Page_420">420</a>, -<a href="#Page_433">433</a>, -<a href="#Page_434">434</a>, -<a href="#Page_435">435</a>, -<a href="#Page_437">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corvinus, Valerius Messala, -vi. <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corvus corax, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corybantes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corycos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corycus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corymbi, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Corymbites, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coryphas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coryphia, -vi. <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—silk of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cosenza, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cosmetics, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cossi, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cossiæi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cossicius, L., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cossis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Costus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cosyra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cotinus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cotonea, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cottana, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cottiani, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cottius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Cotton">Cotton, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—or silk alluded to, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—possible origin of the word, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cotton-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cottonara, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cotyledon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Couches, when first adorned with silver, -vi. <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, -<a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—made of brass, -vi. <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Couch-grass, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cough, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Countercharms, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Counter poisons, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Courage, extreme, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Coverings of the skin, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crabs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="#Page_48" class="ext">48</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cooked, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cracca, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cragus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cramming poultry, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cranes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their instinct, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—and the Pygmies, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crannon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crapula, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crassus, L., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>, -<a href="#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crassus, M., the elder, never laughed, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crassus, M., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cratægis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cratægonos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cratægos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cratægum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crater, -vi. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crateritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Craterus, -vi. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crates, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crateus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crathis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cratinus, -vi. <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crawfish, -vi. <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crayfish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of monstrous size, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cremmyon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cremona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crepis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cresses, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cretaceous earths, -vi. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>, -<a href="#Page_300">300</a>, -<a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cretan Labyrinth, -vi. <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, -<a href="#Page_341">341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crete, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—figs of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crethmos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cretica, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crickets, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crimea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crimson tint, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crinas, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crissa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crista, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Critias, -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Critobulus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Critodemus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Criton, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Criumetopon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Croaking of frogs, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocallis, -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocias, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocodeilopolites, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocodile, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first exhibited at Rome, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when it does not attack, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—has a moveable jawbone, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocodilea, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocodileon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocomagma, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocotta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crocus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crœsus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_131" class="ext">131</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his son speaks in his infancy, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cromill, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cromna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cronian Sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crop of birds, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crops, their influences on land, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—adapted to certain soils, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crotalia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Croton, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crotona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crowns, various kinds of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—made of plants, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of gold, -vi. <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crows, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ill-omened, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—speaking, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_525" class="ext">525</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—shrewdness of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_525" class="ext">525</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crucibles, -vi. <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crudity, remedies for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crustaceous sea-animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crustumerium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crustumium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crystal, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394-397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Crystallion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>,</li> - -<li class="indx">Ctesias, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ctesibius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ctesicles, -vi. <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ctesilaüs, -vi. <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ctesiphon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cuckoo, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—thought to be a hawk, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cucubalus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cucumber, cultivated, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156-160</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wild, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—anguine or erratic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cucumber-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cucus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cuenca, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Culeus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cultivation, modes of, by various nations, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cumæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cumania, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cummin, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cuniculus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cunila, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cunila bubula, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cunila gallinacea, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cunilago, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cupidity for gold, -vi. <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cupping-glasses, -vi. <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cures, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curetes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curetis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curia, -vi. <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curiatii, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curio, the Elder, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curio, C., the amphitheatre of, -vi. <a href="#Page_350">350</a>, -<a href="#Page_351">351</a>, -<a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curio’s, the family of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curius, Manius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Currant-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cursor, Papirius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curtius, his devotedness, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Curtius, Q., quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cusenta, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cutiliæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cutleek, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cuttings, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—propagation by, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cuvier quoted, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_514" class="ext">514</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_533" class="ext">533</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_534" class="ext">534</a>; -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>; -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyamias, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyamos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyanæan Islands, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyanos (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyanos (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_432">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cybele, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cybindis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cybium, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cychranius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyclades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyclaminos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyclopes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyclopean walls, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—architecture, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cydius, -vi. <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cydnus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cydonea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cydonia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyllene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cymæ, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyme, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyna, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynægirus, -vi. <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynamolgi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynapanxis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynips, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynips psenes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynocephali, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynocephalia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynoglossos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynoïdes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynomorion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynopolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynopos, -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynops, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynorrhodos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a cure for hydrophobia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynosbaton, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynosbatos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynosdexia, -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynosorchis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynossema, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynosura, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynozolon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cynthus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyparissa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyparissias, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyperos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cypira, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cypiros, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cypræa, or cowry, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cypress, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyprinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyprinus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cypros, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyprus described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyprus, (the tree), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cypseli, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyrenaica, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the mice of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyrene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—destitute of grass, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyrni, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyrus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his great memory; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyrus (the river), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cythera, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cytheris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cythnius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cythnos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cytinus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cytis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cytisus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cytitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cytorus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cyzicus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">D.</li> - -<li class="indx">Daci, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dacia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dactyli (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dactyli, Idæan, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dactyliothecæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dactylos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dactylus (grape), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dædalus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his inventions, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Daffodil, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dahæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Daisy, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dalion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dalmatia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dama, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Damaratus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, -<a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Damascena, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Damascus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the Seven Sleepers of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Damasonion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Damastes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Damion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Damon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Damophilus, -vi. <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Damsons, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Danaüs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dandaguda, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dandelion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Danger, prognostics of, from animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Danube, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Danuvius">Danuvius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Daphnea, -vi. <a href="#Page_447">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Daphnoïdes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dardæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dardanelles, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dardani, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dardanum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dardanus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Darius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his chest of perfumes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dark, persons who could see in the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Darnel, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dascusa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dassaretæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dasypus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_543" class="ext">543</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dates, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174-177</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—consecrated to the gods, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—green, ill effects of, on Alexander’s soldiers, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Date-bread, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Date-palm, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Date-wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dathiathum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Datis, -vi. <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Daucus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Daulis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Daylight, how regulated, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Days, irregularity of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—longest and shortest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how computed, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in the year, -vi. <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Davy, Sir H., quoted, -vi. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, -<a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dead, closing the eyes of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dead-nettle, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Death, signs of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the greatest of blessings, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Deaths, sudden, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213-217</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—happy, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—unhappy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Decapolis described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Decay, certain trees proof against, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Decii, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Decius, P., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Deculo, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_554" class="ext">554</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Decuman path, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Decuries of judges, -vi. <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, -<a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Defrutum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Delian brass, -vi. <a href="#Page_151">151</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Deliratio, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Delos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the perfumes of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Delphi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—laurel of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Delta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demetrius (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demetrius (geographer), -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demetrius (physician), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demetrius Phalereus, -vi. <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demetrius Poliorcetes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, -<a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Democlides, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Democracy, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Democrates, Servilius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Democritus (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Democritus, the philosopher, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his foresight, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—visits the East, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—on plants, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64-68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demodamas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demodes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demonnesos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demosthenes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demostratus, -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Demoteles, -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Denarii, weight of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dendritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dendroïdes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Denia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dentatus, M. Curius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dentatus, L. Siccius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dentifrices, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_517" class="ext">517</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Depilatories, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, -<a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Depth of the sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Derbices, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Derceto, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dertona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dessert, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Destinies at the birth of man, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Deuteria, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dgiggetai, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diachyton, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diacodion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diadochos, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diadumenos, -vi. <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diaglaucia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diagoras, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dial in the Campus Martius, -vi. <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, -<a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diallage, -vi. <a href="#Page_412">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dials, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diamond, -vi. <a href="#Page_405">405</a>, -<a href="#Page_406">406</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dust of, -vi. <a href="#Page_464">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diana, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Temple of, at Ephesus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_343">343</a>, -<a href="#Page_344">344</a>, -<a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dianium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diapasma, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diapason, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diaphragm, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diatichon, -vi. <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diaxylon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dibapha, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dicæarchus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dichroïte, -vi. <a href="#Page_407">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dictamnos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dies fasti, -vi. <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diet on figs, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dieuches, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Digestion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diglito, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dill, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dimensions of the earth, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143-146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dindymus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dinochares, the architect, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dinomenes, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diocæsarea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diocles, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diodorus of Priene, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diodorus the physician, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diodorus Siculus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diodotus, Petronius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diogenes the Cynic, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diognetus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diomedes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—birds of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—tomb of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diomedia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dion of Colophon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dion Cassius quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dionysias, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dionysius (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dionysius, physician, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dionysius, Cassius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_555" class="ext">555</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dionysius Periegetes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dionysodorus, -vi. <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dionysonymphas, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diophanes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dioptase, -vi. <a href="#Page_410">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dioscoron, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dioscurias, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diospolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diospyron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diotimus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diphryx, -vi. <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, -<a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diphyes, -vi. <a href="#Page_447">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dipœnus, -vi. <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, -<a href="#Page_309">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dipsacos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dipsas, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dirce, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>, -<a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diribitorium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Discobolus, -vi. <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Discovery, voyages of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Disease, new forms of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various instances of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diseases, which affect certain classes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—infinite in number, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of bees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of trees, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_517" class="ext">517-526</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the most painful, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of females, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210-214</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361-364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of infants, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Disposition, influence of aliments upon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Distances, of the stars, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—comparative, of places, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dittander, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dittany, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>,</li> - -<li class="indx">Diver (bird), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Divers, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Dives,” the surname, -vi. <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Divination, art of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Divisions of the globe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Diyllus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dnieper, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dniester, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dodder, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dodecatheos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dodona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_342">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dogs, exposed, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ruling as kings, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their fidelity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their memory, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their scent, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cross breeds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">—and crocodiles of Egypt, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—generation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Laconia, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_542" class="ext">542</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—troubled with colic, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their spitefulness, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—crucified, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dog-burr, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Dogfish">Dog-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dog-nettle, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dog-plant, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dog-rose, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dog-star, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dog-wolf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dolichos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dolium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dolopes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dolphin, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, -<a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—attacks the crocodile, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368-371</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its love for human beings, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its love for music, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—helps men to fish, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—other marvels relative to, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the Ganges, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Domitianus, the Emperor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, -<a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Don, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Donax, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dongola, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Donusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dorade, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dorcas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Doripetron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Doris (country), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Doris (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Doriscus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dormice, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dorotheus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dorsal spine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dory, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dorycnium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dorylæum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Doryphoros, -vi. <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dosiades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dositheus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dossennus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Douching, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Douma Thebaica, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Draave, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Draconitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_447">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dracontium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dracunculus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dragon, or serpent, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its enmity to the elephant, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its size, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—where found, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its crest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—man saved by a, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dragon’s-blood, -vi. <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, -<a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Draining, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Draus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dreams, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—signification of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_553" class="ext">553</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—what animals are subject to, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_553" class="ext">553</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—at will, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drepana, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drepanis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drepanum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drilo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drink, abstinence from, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—perfumes in, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drinking, of animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_550" class="ext">550</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for wagers, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drinking-horns, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drones, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Droppings from leaves, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dropsy, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drosolithos, -vi. <a href="#Page_452">452</a>, -<a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Druggists, their fraudulence, -vi. <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their ignorance, -<a href="#Page_223">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drugs, varying prices of, -vi. <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, -<a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Druids, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drunkard, described, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drunkenness, described, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270-274</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—antidotes to, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Druppa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drusillanus Rotundus, -vi. <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drusus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dryitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dryophonon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dryopteris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Drypetis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dubius Avitus, -vi. <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ducks of Pontus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ductility of gold, -vi. <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dugong, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dugs of animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Duillius, Caius, -vi. <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dulce, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dulichium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dung-beetle, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dunghill, plant growing upon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dupondius, -vi. <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Durability of wood, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Duracinus grape, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Duracinus peach, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Duration of life, prognostics of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Duris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dust productive of worms, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dwarfish and deformed tribes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dwarfs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dyeing, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, -<a href="#Page_362">362</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—walnuts used for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dyers’ weed, -vi. <a href="#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dyme, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dyris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dyrrhachium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dysentery, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">E.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eagles described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—different kinds of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481-484</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their characteristics, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the figure of, used as the Roman standard, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fight with dragons, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—affection shown by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—incubation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eagle-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eale, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eared plants, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Earrings, costly, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ears, people without, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—large, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—particulars relative to, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—tingling of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, -<a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Earth, nature of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91-94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—form of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—if surrounded by the Ocean, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—what part inhabited, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100-103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—middle of the world, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prodigies connected with, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dimensions of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—smell of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—new and spontaneous productions of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—flavour of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Earthenware, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Earthquakes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111-116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Earths, various kinds of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how washed, -vi. <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, -<a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Egypt, -<a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Eretria, -<a href="#Page_239">239</a>, -<a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Ebusus, -<a href="#Page_303">303</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Galata, -<a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eastern Ocean, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ebony, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ebro, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ebulum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ebusus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ecbatana, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ecbolas, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ecdippa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echecrates, his mare, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_543" class="ext">543</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echeneïs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, -<a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used in enchantments, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echeon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echinades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echinopodes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echinus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echios, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echites, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Echo, sevenfold, -vi. <a href="#Page_345">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eclipses, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36-39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—where visible, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the sun, -vi. <a href="#Page_450">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ecnephias, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Ἐκτραπέλοι</span>, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ectypa, -vi. <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, -<a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Edessa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Edonus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eels, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eelskins used for flogging, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Egagropile, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Egelasta, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eggs, purification with, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532-538</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—augury derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_536" class="ext">536</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—hatched by artificial heat, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_536" class="ext">536</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how best kept, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sucked by serpents, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. 585-588.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eggshells, superstition as to breaking, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eglantine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Egnatia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Egypt, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—routes through, to the Red Sea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its grapes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its beer, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its modes of cultivation, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the cruelty of its kings, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—marvellous works in, -vi. <a href="#Page_334">334-341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Egyptian thorn, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—plum-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—earth, -vi. <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—jasper, -vi. <a href="#Page_429">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elæomeli, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elam, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elaphites, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elaphoboscon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elaphonnesus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elate, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elatea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elaterium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207-210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elatine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elatus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elba, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elder, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elecampane, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Electricity, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Electrides, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Electrum. <em><a href="#Amber">See</a></em> “Amber.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Electrum (metal), -vi. <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Electuary, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elelisphacus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elements, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—three, destitute of taste and smell, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elenchi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elephants, mentioned, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244-259</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their notions of religion, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first harnessed, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—bastard kind of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trained to dance, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—on the tight rope, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their docility, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wonderful feats by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their instinct, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used in war, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their modesty, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their love for women, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their regard for justice, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first seen in Italy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fights by, in the Circus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—combats of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their appeals to human sympathy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their merciful disposition, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how caught and trained, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how hunted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—African and Indian, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their gestation, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their teeth and tusks, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—where found, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their enmity to the dragon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their sagacity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their teeth, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their hide, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their voice, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elephantiasis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elephantis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eleusis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eleutheræ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elicius, Jupiter, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elk, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elleborine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elm, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the wood, its uses, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—propagation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elops, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elpenor, tomb of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elpis and the lion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Elymais, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emathii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Embalming the dead, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Embassy from Rome to Alexander the Great, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emblems, -vi. <a href="#Page_322">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emboliaria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Embroidery, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emeralds, -vi. <a href="#Page_409">409-413</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emerita, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emery, -vi. <a href="#Page_464">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emesa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emmaus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emodian Mountains, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Empedocles, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emperors, Roman, deified, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Empetros, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Empirics, sect of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emporetica, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Emydes, -vi. <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Encardia, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Encaustic, -vi. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, -<a href="#Page_272">272</a>, -<a href="#Page_273">273</a>, -<a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enchanters, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their influence on the moon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enchantments, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>See also</em> “<a href="#magic">Magic</a>,” &c.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enchrysa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Endive, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Endymion, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Engadda, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Engedi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Engraving, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enhæmon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enhydris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, -<a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enhygros, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eningia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enipeus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enneacrunos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enneaphyllon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ennemoser’s “History of Magic,” quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ennius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Enorchis, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Entertainments, wine used at, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Entrails, inspection of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66-70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—head of the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epaminondas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ephedra, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ephemera, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ephemeron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ephesus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Temple of Diana at, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_343">343</a>, -<a href="#Page_344">344</a>, -<a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ephialtes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ephippus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ephorus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ephyre, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ephyri, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epicharmus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epicurus, his garden, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—portraits of him worn, -vi. <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, -<a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epidamnum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epidaurus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epidius, C., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epigenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epiglossis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epilepsy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in quails, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epileus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epimedion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epimelas, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epimenides, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epipactis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epipetron, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epiphanæa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epiphania, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epirus described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oxen of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epithymon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Epodes, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Equestrian order, particulars connected with, -vi. <a href="#Page_83">83-86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Equestrian statues, -vi. <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, -<a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Equisætis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Equisætum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Equites, inspection of the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—particulars connected with, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83-86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Equus hemionus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Equus October, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erannoboas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erasistratus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eratosthenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erebinthus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eretria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eretrian earth, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ergastula, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erica, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ericæum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eridanus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erigeron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erigonus, -vi. <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erineon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erinna, -vi. <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eriophorus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eriphia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erithace, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erithacus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ermine, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eros, Staberius, -vi. <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erotylos, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eructation, absence of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ervilia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ervum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erymanthus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eryngium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erysimum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erysipelas, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erysisceptrum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erysithales, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erythallis, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erythia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erythinus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erythræ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erythræa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erythraïcon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erythras, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Erythrodanus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eryx, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Esseda, -vi. <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Essedones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Essenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Este, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eternity of matter, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Etesiaca, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Etesiæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Etesian stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Etruria described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Etrurian observations on thunder and lighting, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81-85</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euagon of Thasos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euanthes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eubœa described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eubulides, -vi. <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euchir, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, -<a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euclase, -vi. <a href="#Page_413">413</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euclea, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euclid, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eucnemos, -vi. <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euctemon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eudemus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eudicus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eudoxus of Cnidoe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eudoxus of Cyzicus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euganei, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eugenia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euhemerus, -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eulæus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eumachus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eumeces, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eumenes, King, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—invents parchment, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eumithres, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eunicus, -vi. <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eunuchs, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euonymos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eupatoria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eupatoria (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eupetalos, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euphorbia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177-190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euphorbus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euphranor, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_181">181</a>, -<a href="#Page_274">274</a>, -<a href="#Page_275">275</a>, -<a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euphrates, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euphron, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euphronius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euphrosynum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eupompus, -vi. <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, -<a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eureos, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euripi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euripice, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euripides, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euripus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Europa and Jupiter, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Europe, the boundaries of -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the gulfs of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—islands of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—north of, described, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—measurement of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Europus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eurotas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eurotias, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>, -<a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eurus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eurymedon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eusebes, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euthycrates, -vi. <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, -<a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euthymus, deified in his life-time, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eutychides, -vi. <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, -<a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eutychis of Tralles, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="euxine">Euxine, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—islands of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Euxinidas, -vi. <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Evacuations, an Animal that has no passage for the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Evander, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Evenus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Evergreens, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Evil eye, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Evonymitæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Exacum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Excæcaria agallochum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Excellence, man of the greatest, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Excretions, human, remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Exebenus, -vi. <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Exedum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Exercise, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Exocœtus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Exonychon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Expiations for lightning, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Extraction of substances from the flesh, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eye, a beast that kills with the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eyes, particulars relative to the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—colour of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—seeing in the dark, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—expressive of the character, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—pupils of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of certain animals will grow again when removed, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411-416</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, -<a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eye-brows, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eye-lashes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fall of, with some persons, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Eye-lids, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—affections and diseases of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, -<a href="#Page_30">30</a>, -<a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">F.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fabaria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fabariæ, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Faber (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fabianus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fabii, family of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fabius Maximus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—saves Rome, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fabricius, -vi. <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, -<a href="#Page_138">138</a>, -<a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fabrics that rival flowers in colour, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fabulous birds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Face, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedy for spots on, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Factio, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Factus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Facundus Novus, -vi. <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, -<a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fæcatum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fagutal, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Falconry, in an early state, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Falernian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Falernum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Falisci, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fallow deer, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">False incense, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Famine at Casilinum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Famous trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fangs of serpents, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fannius Palæmon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Far, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Farfarum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Farfugium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Farina, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Farm-house, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Farm-steward, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Farnese Bull, -vi. <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Farrago, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Farreum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fascinations, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fascinus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fasti, -vi. <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fat, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—drawn off, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fatui, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fauces, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fauces Caudinæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fauni, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fausta, her fecundity, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Faustian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Faventia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Favenza, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Favonius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fear, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Feathers of the eagle consume those of other birds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fecundation of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fecundity, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Federate towns, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fée, M., his labours on Pliny, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Feeding of animals, diversities in the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Feet, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of birds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of animals, from two to a hundred, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fel terræ, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Felt, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Feltre, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Female sex, remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Females, once pregnant only, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in what cases more courageous than males, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360-364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, -<a href="#Page_54">54</a>, -<a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fenestella, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Feniculum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fennel, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fennel-giant, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fenugreek, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ferentum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fern, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Feronia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ferret, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ferula, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ferulaceous plants, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fescennia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fescennine songs, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fetialis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fevers, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453-456</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fezzan, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fibulæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, -<a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ficarii, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ficedula, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ficus religiosa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ficus sycamorus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fidenæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fidentia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fidustius, M., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Field mice, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Field nard, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Figs, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307-311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502-507</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the cause of a war, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">—Indian, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Alexandria, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Cyprus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine made from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Figures, natural, in stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Filberts, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Filicula, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Filix, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Filters for wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fine flour, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fingers, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiarities in the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—maladies of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fins of fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fir, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gigantic, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fire, the marvels of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>; -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how first preserved, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animal found in, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—obtained from wood, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Firmus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fiscus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fish, tame, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diet on, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their faculties, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—species of, how many, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the largest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—not found in the Euxine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—why they leap above the surface, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—auguries derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have no males, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have a stone in the head, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that conceal themselves during the winter, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that are taken at stated times only, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that conceal themselves in summer, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—pickled alive, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—enormous prices of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—not everywhere equally esteemed, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their gills and scales, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have a voice, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that come on land, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—time for catching them, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—classification of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their fins and modes of swimming, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—flat, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that fly, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that shine at night, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—destitute of blood, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—soft, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—maladies of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—generation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461-465</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that are both oviparous and viviparous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiarities in their spawning, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that impregnate themselves, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—aged, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that come on land, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have the best hearing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_547" class="ext">547</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—tame, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_547" class="ext">547</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that have the finest sense of smell, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_547" class="ext">547</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—teeth of, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—bones of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how poisoned, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—consulted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—poisonous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—instincts of, -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—marvelous properties of, -<a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that eat from the hand, -<a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oracular responses by, -<a href="#Page_8">8</a>, -<a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that are bitter, salt, or sweet, -<a href="#Page_9">9</a>, -<a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—glue made from, -<a href="#Page_31">31</a>, -<a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fishermen, hardiness of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fish-preserves, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_547" class="ext">547</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fistula, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fitches, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Flaccus,” the surname, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flamen, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Dialis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flamens, apex of the, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flamingo, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flammeum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flanatic Gulf, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flavius, Cneius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, -<a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flavus, Alfius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fleawort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flexible glass, -vi. <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flight of birds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_520" class="ext">520</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flies, produce maggots, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_546" class="ext">546</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when drowned, come to life, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—rub their eyes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flint, -vi. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>, -<a href="#Page_371">371</a>, -<a href="#Page_372">372</a>, -<a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Floating islands, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Floating of dead bodies, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flock, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Floralia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Florence, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flour, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flower of Jove, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flower of salt, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flower of wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flowers, the colours of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their odours, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321-323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the blossoming of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—duration of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fluor spar, -vi. <a href="#Page_392">392</a>, -<a href="#Page_394">394</a>, -<a href="#Page_433">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flute reeds, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flutes, treble and bass, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fly-catcher, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Flying-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Foal-foot, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fœtus, how formed, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Foliatum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Food, abstinence from, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Forcing-beds, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Forehead, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Foreknowledge of the future in sleep, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_553" class="ext">553</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Formacean walls, -vi. <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Formation of insects, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Formentera, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Formiæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Formulæ, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279-283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fornacalia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fortunate Islands, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>; ii. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fortune, worshipped as the great divinity, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—statue of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—temple of, -vi. <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Forum of Augustus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Forum Boarium, -vi. <a href="#Page_151">151</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Forum Julii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fossils, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>, -<a href="#Page_360">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fountains and rivers, wonders of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131-138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fowls, the best kinds of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_536" class="ext">536</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_536" class="ext">536</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Foxes, their craftiness, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fox-glove, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fraces, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Frankincense, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124-129</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—carriage and high price of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Frantic laurel, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Frescoes, -vi. <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Free towns, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Freedmen, who have become famous, -vi. <a href="#Page_301">301</a>, -<a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Free-stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Frejus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fresh water in the sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Friendships of animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_552" class="ext">552</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Frisii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Friuli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Frogs, -vi. <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, -<a href="#Page_22">22</a>, -<a href="#Page_32">32</a>, -<a href="#Page_34">34</a>, -<a href="#Page_35">35</a>, -<a href="#Page_38">38</a>, -<a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the generation of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dumb, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the tongue of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Frog-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fruiting of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fruits, wines made from, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—foreign, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297-300</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—modes of keeping, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303-307</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—juices of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323-326</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various natures of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fucinus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fucus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ericoides, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—vesiculosus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—avarice, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fuel, wood for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fugitive stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_344">344</a>, -<a href="#Page_345">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fuller quoted, -vi. <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fulling, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_300">300</a>, -<a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fulvius, L., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fumitory, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fundament, remedies for diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fundanian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Funerals, perfumes burnt at, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Funereal games, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fungi, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Furunculi, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fuseli quoted, -vi. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fustic, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">G.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gabalium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gabbaras, the giant, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gabienus, his death, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gabii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gabinius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gadara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gades, Straits of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gadfly, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—becomes blind, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gadis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gæanis, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gaëta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gagæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gagates, -vi. <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, -<a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gait, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galactite, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galatia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galaxias, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galba, Sulpicius, -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galbanum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galen quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an opinion of, alluded to, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galena, -vi. <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, -<a href="#Page_118">118</a>, -<a href="#Page_212">212</a>, -<a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galeobdolon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galeopsis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galeos, -vi. <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, -<a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galerita, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galgulus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gall, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animals destitute of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of extraordinary size, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—persons without it, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—double, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the bull, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallæcia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallaica, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Galli castrate themselves, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallia, Narbonensis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Togata, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Belgica, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallic nard, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallic Ocean, islands of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallidraga, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallio, Annæus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallipoli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallnut, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallus, Ælius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallus, river, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gallus, Sulpicius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gamala, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gamecocks, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Games, sacred, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gamphasantes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gander, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gangaridæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ganges, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gangites, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gantæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Garama, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Garamantes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Garden, pleasures of the, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149-154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Garden-grounds, laying out of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gardens, statues in, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gargara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Garlands, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304-309</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Garlic, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225-228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Garnet, -vi. <a href="#Page_420">420</a>, -<a href="#Page_421">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Garum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gassinade, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gates of Rome, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gaugamela, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gauls, invasion of Asia by, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their invasion of Italy, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—besiege Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, -<a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gausapa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gaza, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gazæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gazelle, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gebanitæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gecko, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gedrosi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gedrosia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gedrusi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geese, hatching of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_538" class="ext">538</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gegania, -vi. <a href="#Page_152">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gela, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gelduba, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gellianus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gellius, Cneius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geloni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gelotophyllis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gemitorian Steps, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gemursa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Generals, exhibitions by, of their victories, -vi. <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, -<a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Generation, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_540" class="ext">540-544</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Genesara, Lake of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geneva, Lake of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Genita Mana, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Genitals, remedies for diseases of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Genius, men of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gennesareth, Sea of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Genoa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Genre-painters, -vi. <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gentian, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Genua, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Genuini, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geodes, -vi. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>, -<a href="#Page_364">364</a>, -<a href="#Page_365">365</a>, -<a href="#Page_444">444</a>, -<a href="#Page_446">446</a>, -<a href="#Page_449">449</a>, -<a href="#Page_456">456</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—enhydros, -<a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geometry, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ger, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geræstus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geranion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geranitis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gergitha, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Germ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Germanicus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his death, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Germany described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Germination of fruit, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gerra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gerres, -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gerrhæ, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gerricula, -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geryon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geskleithron, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gesoriacum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gestatio, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gestation, period of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Getæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Geum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ghauts, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gibbon’s History, quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gibraltar, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gigantic trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gilding, -vi. <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, -<a href="#Page_99">99</a>, -<a href="#Page_124">124</a>, -<a href="#Page_295">295</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—frauds committed in, -vi. <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gills of fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gilthead, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ginger, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gingidion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ginnus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ginseng, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Giraffe, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Girasol opal, -vi. <a href="#Page_437">437</a>, -<a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gith, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gladiators, their combats painted, -vi. <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their mode of cure, -vi. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gladiolus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glæsaria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_401">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glæsariæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glæsum, -vi. <a href="#Page_401">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glanis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glans, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glass, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—broken, how to mend, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the discovery and manufacture of, -vi. <a href="#Page_379">379-382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glastum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glauce, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glaucias, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glaucides, -vi. <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glaucion, the artist, -vi. <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glaucion (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glauciscus, -vi. <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glaucus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glaux, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gleucinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Globe, divisions of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glossopetra, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glottis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glow-worm, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glue, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gluttony, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glycera, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_273">273</a>,</li> - -<li class="indx">Glycyrrhiza, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Glycyside, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gnaphalium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gnats, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gnesios, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gnu, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goats, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their propagation, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their intelligence, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—shearing of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—not sacrificed to Minerva, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—destructive to trees, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—suckled by birds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—collect laudanum on their beard, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goat-lettuce, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goatsucker, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goblets, wooden, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">God, opinions upon the existence of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>-25.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gods, plurality of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their respective trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goitre, -vi. <a href="#Page_402">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gold, a place where it is buried in the earth, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—excavated by ants, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, -<a href="#Page_442">442</a>, -<a href="#Page_443">443</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -<a href="#Page_69">69</a>, -<a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its first recommendation, -<a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—rings made of, -<a href="#Page_71">71-75</a>, -<a href="#Page_76">76-82</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quantity of, possessed by the ancients, -<a href="#Page_75">75</a>, -<a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—crowns made of, -<a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—uses made of by females, -<a href="#Page_87">87</a>, -<a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cupidity for, -<a href="#Page_91">91</a>, -<a href="#Page_92">92</a>, -<a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—coronets made of, -<a href="#Page_94">94</a>, -<a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—high value set upon, -<a href="#Page_96">96</a>, -<a href="#Page_97">97</a>, -<a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cloth of, -<a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how found, -<a href="#Page_99">99-104</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—statues made of, -<a href="#Page_105">105</a>, -<a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -<a href="#Page_106">106</a>, -<a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Golden Fleece, -vi. <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Golden Horn, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Golden Palace of Nero, -vi. <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, -<a href="#Page_185">185</a>, -<a href="#Page_271">271</a>, -<a href="#Page_349">349</a>, -<a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gold-mines, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, -<a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goldsmiths, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Golgi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gonger, -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goniæa, -vi. <a href="#Page_450">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Good fortune in the same family, instances of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goose, its liver artificially increased, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its asserted bashfulness, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its vigilance, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—saves the Capitol, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sacred, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—falls in love, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its wisdom, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its feathers, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gooseberry, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goosefoot, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Goosegrass, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gordian Knot, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gordiucome, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gordium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gorgades, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gorgasus, -vi. <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gorgias, -vi. <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gorgonia, -vi. <a href="#Page_450">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gorgoniæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gortyna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gossypium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em><a href="#Cotton">See</a></em> “Cotton.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Goths, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gourds, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158-161</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gout, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, -<a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Government of bees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gracchanus, Junius, -vi. <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gracchi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gracchus, C., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gracilis, Turannius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Græcanic pavements, -vi. <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Græcia,” the name, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Græcinus, Julius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Græcostasis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Græcula, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Græcus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grafting, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477-485</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—marvels of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grain, different kinds of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19-24</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—grown in the East, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for them, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grain of Cnidos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grain of wood, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gramen, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grampus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Granæum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Granatum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Granicus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Granius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grapes, the nature of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218-222</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—smoked, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Egypt, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—solstitial, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—modes of keeping, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304-307</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how protected from insects, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_517" class="ext">517</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies from fresh; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from preserved, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grape-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, -<a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grape-husks, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grape-stones, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Graphia, -vi. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, -<a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Graphis, -vi. <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grasshoppers, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eaten, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—have no mouth, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—countries without, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—some without a voice, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gratidianus, Marius, -vi. <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Graviscæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Great year, revolution of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Greece, trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Greek-nuts, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_514" class="ext">514</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Greek weights and measures, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Greeks, hated by Cato the Censor, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their credulity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the opinion of Cato upon them, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Greffe-Diane, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gremil, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grey partridge, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Griffins, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grinding of corn, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gromphæna, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grotto del Cane, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ground strawberry, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Groundsel, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grouse, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Groves, consecrated, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Growth of plants, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grunting, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gryllus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grynia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gubbio, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Guests, inferior wine given to, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Guinea-fowls, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gulfs of Europe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gullet, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—nine kinds of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—acacia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ammoniac, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Arabic, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—de Lecce, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—tragacanth, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gutones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Guttalus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Guzerat, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gyara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the mice of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gyges, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gymnasia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gymnastic games, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gymnetæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gymnosophists, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gynæcanthe, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gypsies, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gypsum, -vi. <a href="#Page_376">376</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine treated with, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used in making alica, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—taken internally, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Gyrini, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">H.</li> - -<li class="indx">Habron, -vi. <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, -<a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hadramaut, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hadrobolon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hæbudes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hæmatites, -vi. <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, -<a href="#Page_362">362</a>, -<a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hæmatitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_451">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hæmatopus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hæmorrhage, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—methods of arresting, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hæmorrhoïs (serpent), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hæmus, Mount, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hagnon, -vi. <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hail, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_90">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hair, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—facts relative to, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cutting of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—applications for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hair of Isis (plant), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hair-pencil, -vi. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halcyon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halcyon days, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halcyoneum, -vi. <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, -<a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halcyonium, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Haliacmon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Haliætus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halicacabum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halicarnassus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halieuticon of Ovid quoted, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, -<a href="#Page_66">66</a>, -<a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halimon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halipleumon, -vi. <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halonnesos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Halys, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hamaxobii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hammitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_450">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hammochrysos, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hammon, Jupiter, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hammoniacum (resin), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hammoniacum (salt), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hammonis cornu, -vi. <a href="#Page_451">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hammonitrum, -vi. <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hams, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hands, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Handwriting, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hanging, baths, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—city, -vi. <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gardens, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_343">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hannibal, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, -<a href="#Page_112">112</a>, -<a href="#Page_161">161</a>, -<a href="#Page_290">290</a>, -<a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—at the gates of Rome, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hanno, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Happiness, supreme, instances of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Happy, men pronounced most, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—why Arabia was so called, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hares, different species of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sleep with the eyes open, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—with a double liver, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Haricot bean, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Harmodius, -vi. <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, -<a href="#Page_177">177</a>, -<a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Harmoge, -vi. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Harmony of the spheres, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the stars, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Harpalus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Harpasa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Harpocrates, -vi. <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Harrowing, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hartwort, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Harvesting, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hasheesh, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hasta pura, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hatching, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_534" class="ext">534-537</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hawks, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—pursue the chase with men, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hawkweed, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hay-grass, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Haymaking, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hazel nuts, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Head, induration of the bones of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—bones of the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—hardest in the parrot, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wounds in the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how strengthened, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Head-ache, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Health indicated by the urine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hearing, acuteness of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heart, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inspected for divination, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—found wanting in the victims, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in what cases it will not burn, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hearth, prodigies connected with, -vi. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hebrus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hecale, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hecatæus, -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hecatæus of Abdera, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hecatæus of Miletus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hecatompylos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hecuba, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hederine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hedge-hogs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their quills used for carding, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Ἡδύοσμον</span>, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hedysmata, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hedystratides, -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hegesias (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hegesias (historian), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hegias, -vi. <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, -<a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">He-goat, the wonderful effects of its blood, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_407">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Height, measurement of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of man, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helena, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helenium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine made from it, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helianthes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helice, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helices, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helichrysos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helicon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heliocallis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heliodorus, -vi. <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, -<a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heliodorus Periegetes, -vi. <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heliopolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helioscopios, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helioscopium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helioselinon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heliotropium (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heliotropium (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_450">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helix, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helix neritoïdea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helix pomatia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hellanicus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hellas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hellebore, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96-101</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hellen, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hellespont, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helops, -vi. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helots, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helvennaca, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helvetii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Helxine, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hemerobion, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hemerocalles, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hemina, Cassius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hemionion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hemlock, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">—wine, an antidote to the effects of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hemp, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Henbane, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heneti, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heniochi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Henna, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Henry II. of France, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Henry V. of England, his saying, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hepatites, -vi. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>, -<a href="#Page_364">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hepatitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_458">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hephæstiades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hephæstitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_450">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hepsema, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heptaphonon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heraclæa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heracleon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heracleopolites, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heracleos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heracleotici, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heraclia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heraclides of Heraclæa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heraclides of Tarentum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heraclides (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heraclides (physician), -vi. <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heraclion, -vi. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heraclium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herat, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herb mastich, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herba pratensis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herbalists, their malpractices, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herbs, wines made from, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—juices and flavours of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herculanea (ants), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herculaneum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hercules, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—and Iphicles, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—temple of, at Rome, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Fictilis, -vi. <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Carthaginian statue of, -<a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hercules, Pillars of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hercynian Forest, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herdonea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermaphrodite, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermaphroditism in fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermaphroditus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermesias, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermias, tomb of, -vi. <a href="#Page_410">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herminei, -vi. <a href="#Page_411">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermippus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermit-crab, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermopolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermotimus of Clazomenæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermuaidoion, -vi. <a href="#Page_450">450</a>, -<a href="#Page_451">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermunduri, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hermupoa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hernia, remedies for, -vi. <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herodotus, when he wrote his History, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_336">336</a>, -<a href="#Page_337">337</a>, -<a href="#Page_338">338</a>, -<a href="#Page_414">414</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heroic exploits, instances of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herons, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_538" class="ext">538</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heroöpolis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herophilus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Heroüm, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Herpes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hesiod, his father’s birth-place, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mentioned, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hesperian Promontory, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hesperides, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_400">400</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Gardens of the, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Islands of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hesperu Ceras, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hestiatoris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hesus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hesychius quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hexapolis, Æolian, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hexecontalithos, -vi. <a href="#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hibernia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hibiscum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hicesius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hickory-nut, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hiddekel, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hides of animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hierabotane, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hieracitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_451">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hieracium, -vi. <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hierapolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hieratica, a kind of paper, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hieres, islands of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hiericus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hiero, King, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hieromnemon, -vi. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hierosolyma, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">High farming, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hilarus, C. Crispinus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hillæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Himalaya, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Himantopodes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Himera, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Himilce, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Himilco, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hindoo mythology, -vi. <a href="#Page_400">400</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hindú Kúsh, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hinnulus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippace, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hipparchus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his doctrine on the stars, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippo Diarrhytus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippo Regius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippocampus, -vi. <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, -<a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippocentaur, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippocrates, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his precepts, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippocrene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippodamantian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Hippoi">Hippoi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippolapathon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippomanes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippomarathron, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hipponax, -vi. <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippophaes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippophæston, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippopheos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippophlomos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippophobas, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippopodes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippopotamus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first exhibited at Rome, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—bleeds itself, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its hide, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippos, -vi. <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em><a href="#Hippoi">See</a></em> “Hippoi.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Hipposelinon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippuris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hippurus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hirpi, insensible to fire, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hirpirni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hirtius, Quintus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hissing, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Histropolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hive-moths, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hoeing, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hogs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their propagation, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their brutishness, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their intelligence, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—choice parts of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Holcus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Holland’s Translation of Pliny, quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, -<a href="#Page_60">60</a>, -<a href="#Page_63">63</a>, -<a href="#Page_75">75</a>, -<a href="#Page_103">103</a>, -<a href="#Page_106">106</a>, -<a href="#Page_111">111</a>, -<a href="#Page_122">122</a>, -<a href="#Page_133">133</a>, -<a href="#Page_137">137</a>, -<a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Holm-oaks, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—aged, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Holochrysos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Holoschœnus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Holosteon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Holothuria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Holothuria pentactes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Homer, his tomb, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his poems honoured by Alexander, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, -<a href="#Page_71">71</a>, -<a href="#Page_74">74</a>, -<a href="#Page_75">75</a>, -<a href="#Page_105">105</a>, -<a href="#Page_213">213</a>, -<a href="#Page_263">263</a>, -<a href="#Page_265">265</a>, -<a href="#Page_276">276</a>, -<a href="#Page_323">323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—misquoted, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Homona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hones, -vi. <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, -<a href="#Page_440">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Honey, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the qualities of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiar kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how tested, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wild, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when gathered, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Attica, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from the olive, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—poisonous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—maddening, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—untouched by flies, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Honey-comb, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Honey-dew, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Honeysuckle, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Honied wine, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Honours, examples of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hoofs of animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how renewed when worn, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hoopoe, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hops, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horace, his birth-place, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works quoted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_533" class="ext">533</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, -<a href="#Page_317">317</a>, -<a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horaion, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horatii, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horehound, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horminum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hormiscion, -vi. <a href="#Page_451">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horn, how bent, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—pictures upon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hornbeam, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horned fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horned owl, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—funereal, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horned pheasant, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horned poppy, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hornets, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horns, of a gigantic ant, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—moveable, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—on the human head, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hornstone, -vi. <a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horse, the first use of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wild, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a> -—the nature of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Alexander, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Cæsar, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—tombs of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Semiramis enamoured of one, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—weeping, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its sense of propriety, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dance by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—grief of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its intelligence, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—duration of its life, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its generation, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its paces, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its gall not in the liver, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—hermaphrodite, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—blood of, used by the Sarmatians, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horse-radish, wild, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hortensius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_167" class="ext">167</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines left by, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Horus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hostilia, the bees of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hostilius, Hostus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hostilius, Tullus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hot drinks, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Hotsprings">Hot springs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Houseleek, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Houses first built, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Human beings beloved by dolphins, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Human sacrifices, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>; v. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hundred-plant drink, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hunger, how allayed, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hunting-nets, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hurricane, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyacinth, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyacinthos (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_434">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyæna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309-314</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_451">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyæna (fish), -vi. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyænia, -vi. <a href="#Page_451">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyalin quartz, -vi. <a href="#Page_438">438</a>, -<a href="#Page_439">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyampolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hybla, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—honey of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hybrid goats, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—swine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydaspes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydrargyros, -vi. <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, -<a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydri, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydrocele, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydrolapathum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydromancy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydromel, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydromeli, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydrometer, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Hydrophobia">Hydrophobia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, -<a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydruntum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hydrussa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyginus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hygremplastrum, -vi. <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hylas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_555" class="ext">555</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hymen, imperforate, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hymettus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—honey of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyophthalmos, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyoscyamos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyoseris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypæpæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypanis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the short-lived insect of the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypasis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypatodorus, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypecoön, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypenemia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_538" class="ext">538</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyperborei, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypericon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyphear, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypochœris, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypocisthis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hypoglossa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyrcania, tree of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyrcanian Sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyrcanus, the dog, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyriæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hysge, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hysginian tint, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hysginum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hyssop, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hysteria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">I</li> - -<li class="indx">Iacchus, Fescennius, -vi. <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iadera, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iaia, -vi. <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ialysos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ian, M., his collations of Pliny, -vi. <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, -<a href="#Page_465">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ianthinum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iapydes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iasione, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iaspis, -vi. <a href="#Page_414">414</a>, -<a href="#Page_430">430</a>, -<a href="#Page_431">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iasponyx, -vi. <a href="#Page_431">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iatraliptics, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Iatronices, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iazyges, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iberia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iberis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iberus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ibex, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ibis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—black, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Icaros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Icasium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Icetidas, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ichneumon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286-289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ichnusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ichthyocolla, -vi. <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, -<a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ichthyophagi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iconicæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iconium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Icterias, -vi. <a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ictinus, -vi. <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ictis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ida, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Idæa herba, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Idæan bramble, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Idæi dactyli, -vi. <a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Idalium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Idocrase, -vi. <a href="#Page_404">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Idumæa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Igilgili, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iguvium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oil of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ilerda, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iliac passion, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iliad, contained in a nut-shell, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ilium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="omens">Ill omen, birds of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Illecebra, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Illiberis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Illyricum described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ilus, tomb of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ilva, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Imagination, effects of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Imagines, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Imaüs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Imbros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Immortelle, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Immusulus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Impetigo, Greek charm for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Impia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Impotence, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Inarime, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Incendiary bird, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Incisions in trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Incisors, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Incubation of birds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_534" class="ext">534</a>-537.</li> - -<li class="indx">India, the conquests of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the nations of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—expeditions to, of Alexander, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Seleucus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—voyages to, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>-63</li> -<li class="isub1">—wonders of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—terrestrial animals of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Indian ass, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fig, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ink, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—olive, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—thorn, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Indian Ocean, plants of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—monsters of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Indica (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Indicum, -vi. <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, -<a href="#Page_241">241</a>, -<a href="#Page_242">242</a>, -<a href="#Page_243">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Indiges, Jupiter, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Indigestion, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Indigo, -vi. <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, -<a href="#Page_242">242</a>, -<a href="#Page_243">243</a>, -<a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Indurations, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Indus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Inequality of climates, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Infants, swathing of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>,</li> -<li class="isub1">—born with teeth, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dreams of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_553" class="ext">553</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—never cry in the womb, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, -<a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Influences of the seasons, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ingævones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Inguinalis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ink, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Indian, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the sæpia, -<a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Inoculation of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Insanity, Lake of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Insects, the minuteness of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—why so called, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—whether they respire, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—voice of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—whether they have blood, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their bodies, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wings of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—parasitical, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—feet of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that breed in leguminous plants, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Instinct of animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Interamna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Interbreeding of fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Intercalation, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Interlunium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Intoxication, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Introduction to the work, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>-11.</li> - -<li class="indx">Inundations, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Invalids, peaches recommended for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Inventions, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Inventors of various things, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iol, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iolcos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iolite, -vi. <a href="#Page_407">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iollas, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ion, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ionia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ionian Sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ios, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Irinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Irio, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iris (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iris (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_438">438</a>, -<a href="#Page_439">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_439">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iron, discovery of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the art of working, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—rings of, -vi. <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -<a href="#Page_205">205-209</a>, -<a href="#Page_210">210</a>, -<a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Irrigation, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Irving, Washington, indebted to the story of Epimenides, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isatis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isauria described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ischæmon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ischia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isidorus, C. Cæcilius Claudius, -vi. <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isidorus of Charax, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isigonus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isinglass, -vi. <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, -<a href="#Page_32">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isis, hair of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iskenderun, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Islands, suddenly formed, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—united to the main land, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Europe, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ismaron, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ismenias (musician), -vi. <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ismenias (writer), -vi. <a href="#Page_468">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isoscinnamomum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isocrates, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isodomon, -vi. <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isopyron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isox, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Issa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Issos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Istævones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ister, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em><a href="#Danuvius">See</a> also</em> “Danuvius.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Isthmian games, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Isthmus of Corinth, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Istria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Istropolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Italy, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its praises enlarged upon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_464">464</a>, -<a href="#Page_465">465</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its shape, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—forbidden to be dug for minerals, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the country of the vine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when generous wines were first made in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its climate, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—practice of magic in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its high rank among nations, -vi. <a href="#Page_464">464</a>, -<a href="#Page_465">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Itch, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ithaca, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iton, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iulis, -vi. <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, -<a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iviza, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ivory, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fossil, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ivy, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>-403; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>-35.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ixias, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Iÿnx, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">J.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jackal, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jackdaw, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—guilty of stealing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jaculus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jaffa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Janiculum. -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jannes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Janus, -vi. <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, -<a href="#Page_315">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jason, the Argonaut, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jason, of Pheræ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jasper, -vi. <a href="#Page_425">425</a>, -<a href="#Page_429">429</a>, -<a href="#Page_430">430</a>, -<a href="#Page_431">431</a>, -<a href="#Page_445">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jaundice, remedies for, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jawbone, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jaxartes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jay, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jealousy in females, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jerboa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jericho, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jerome, Saint, quoted, -vi. <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jerusalem, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jet, -vi. <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, -<a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jewels, -vi. <a href="#Page_386">386</a>, -<a href="#Page_387">387</a>, -<a href="#Page_388">388</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—displayed at Rome by Pompeius Magnus, -vi. <a href="#Page_390">390</a>, -<a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jews, vent their rage upon the, balsamum of Judæa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their rites, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jew-stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>, -<a href="#Page_456">456</a>, -<a href="#Page_457">457</a>, -<a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jhelum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">John, Saint, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">John the Baptist, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Joints, diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jomanes, river, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jonquil, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Joppa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jordanes, river, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Josephus quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Joshua, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jovis gemma, -vi. <a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Juba, King, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Judæa, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its balsamum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its palm-trees, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Judices, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, -<a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jugerum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—grain required for sowing a, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jugglers, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Juglans,” origin of the word, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Juices of fruits, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323-326</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of trees, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jujube, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Julia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_536" class="ext">536</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—her depravity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Julius Cæsar, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, -<a href="#Page_232">232</a>, -<a href="#Page_233">233</a>, -<a href="#Page_324">324</a>, -<a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his epistles quoted, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine given by him at his banquets, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Pliny borrows from his account of the yew, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his reformation of the calendar, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jumna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Juncinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Juniper, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine from the, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Juno, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Temple of, at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_322">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jupiter, feasts of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Temple of, at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_322">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jupiter’s beard (shrub), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jura, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jurisdictio, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jus Latii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Justin quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Juvenal quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_541" class="ext">541</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, -<a href="#Page_80">80</a>, -<a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">K</li> - -<li class="indx">Kæmpfer quoted, -vi. <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kaffa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kastri, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Keeping of fruits, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303-307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Κήποι</span>, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kermes-berry, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kertsch, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kestril, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Khimara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kidneys, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—stags with four, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kidney-bean, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Killing of animals, the first, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kingfisher, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kipes for fishing, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kirmanshah, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kissing, as a salutation, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kite, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Knees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Knot-grass, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kohl, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kokend, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Κόσμος</span>, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kraken or korven, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kurds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">L</li> - -<li class="indx">Labeo, Antistius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_554" class="ext">554</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Labeo, C. Atinius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Labeo, Titidius, -vi. <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Labeo,” origin of the name, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laberius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laborium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Labourers, their wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fed on figs, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Labranda, -vi. <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Labrum Venereum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Labrusca, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Labyrinth, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_339">339</a>-342</li> -<li class="isub1">—of Crete, -vi. <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laccadives, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lacedæmon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lacinium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laconia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lactes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lactoris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Lactuca,” whence derived, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lacus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lacydes and his goose, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ladanum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Læstrygones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lagara, wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lagenæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lagine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lagopos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laina, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laippus, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laïs, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laletanum, wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lalisiones, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lambs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lamia, L., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lamia (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lamium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lamp-black, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>; vi. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lamp-stands, -vi. <a href="#Page_152">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lampedusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lampido, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lamprey, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lampsacus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lanata, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Land, fishes that live upon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—buying of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—manuring of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—laying out of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114-117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lands, separated by the sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—changed into sea -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—swallowed up by the sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Landslips, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Language, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lantern-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laocoön, the Belvedere, -vi. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laodice, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laodicea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lapathum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lapdogs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—nursing of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lapidaries, -vi. <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lapis lazuli, -vi. <a href="#Page_432">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lapithæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lappa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lappa boaria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lappa canaria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lappago, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lapsana, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lapwing, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lar, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Larch, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lard, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lares, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Compitales, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Larinus, -vi. <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Larisa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lartius Licinius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Larvæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laser, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laserpitium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>-147, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latace, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latera, Lake, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lathyris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laticlave tunic, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—purple, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latium described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latin confederacy, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latin Festival, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latiniensian wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latinitas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latmus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Latro, Porcius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laughing-plant, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laughter, absence of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—description of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—persons die with, when pierced, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—connected with the spleen, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laurea, Tullius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laurel, oil of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—varieties of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—anecdotes connected with, it, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334-337</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—never struck by lightning, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—crackles in the fire, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516-519</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lauriotis, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lauron, wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laurus cassia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lavender, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laver, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Laws, first introduction of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em><a href="#TwelveTables">See</a> also</em> “Twelve Tables.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Layers, trees propagated from, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leæna, her fortitude, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lead, -vi. <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, -<a href="#Page_212">212-218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lead-wort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leaf-gold, -vi. <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, -<a href="#Page_97">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leather, tanning of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—preparation of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dyeing of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leaven, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leaves, trees that never lose their, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of trees described, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374-379</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of plants, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lebanon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lebedos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lecanomancy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lecheæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lectisternia, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leda (plant), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leeches, -vi. <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, -<a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leeks, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—juice of, poisonous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lees, of sapa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of wine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of vinegar, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Legacy-hunting, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Legion, the fifth, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leguminous grain, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leguminous plants, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—insects that breed in, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leleges, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lemanus, Lake, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lemnisci, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lemnos described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—earth of, -vi. <a href="#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="#Page_237" class="ext">237</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Labyrinth of, -vi. <a href="#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lemonium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lenæus, Pompeius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lentils, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lentisk, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lentulus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leochares, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_182">182</a>, -<a href="#Page_316">316</a>, -<a href="#Page_317">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leonatus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leonidas, tutor of Alexander, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leontice, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leontios, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leontiscus, -vi. <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leontopetalon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leontophonus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leontopodion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leopard, how produced, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lepanto, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lepas, -vi. <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lepidi, family of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lepidotis, -vi. <a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lepidus, M., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, -<a href="#Page_324">324</a>, -<a href="#Page_348">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lepis, -vi. <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, -<a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lepontii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leprosy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leptis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leptophyllos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leptorragæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lerida, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lernæa, a parasitical class of insects, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lesbias, -vi. <a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lesbos, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lethargus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lethargy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lethe, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Letters, origin of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ancient, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lettuce, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228-232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucacantha, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucacanthos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucadia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucanthemum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucanthemus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucanthes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucatas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucate, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leuce, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leuce (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leuceoron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucimna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucochrysos, -vi. <a href="#Page_435">435</a>, -<a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucocoüm, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucogæa, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>, -476.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucographis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucographitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucopetra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucophoron, -vi. <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, -<a href="#Page_99">99</a>, -<a href="#Page_237">237</a>, -<a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucophthalmos, -vi. <a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucopœcilos, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucosyri, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leucrocotta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Leuctra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libadion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libanian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libanochrus, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libanotis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libanus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libations, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libella, -vi. <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liber (the divinity), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libera, -vi. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liberal arts, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libethra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libo, Scribonius, -vi. <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Library, first public, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libs, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liburnia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liburnica, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libya, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Mareotis, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lilybæum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libycum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libyphœnices, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Libyssa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lice, remedies for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lichen, remedies for the disease, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lichens, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—on plumtrees, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liciniani, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Life, the duration of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200-205</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the frailty of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the uncertain tenure of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—persons who have returned to, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—whether the blood is the principle of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Light, emitted from the eyes of dead fish, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from rotten wood, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lightning, particulars connected with, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its effects, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—objects struck by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—not struck by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of a remarkable nature, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—expiation for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liguria described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ligurians, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ligusticum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ligustrum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lily, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Limbs, of animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—superfluous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lime (tree), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lime (for building), -vi. <a href="#Page_373">373</a>, -<a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Limestone, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Limeum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Limonia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Limoniatis, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Limonion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Limonite, -vi. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Limyra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Linden-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lindos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Linen, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first dyed, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—bleaching of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lingua (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lingulaca, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Linnet, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Linozostis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Linseed, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Linus (river), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lion, how produced, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—different species of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its food, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—attacks men, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its alleged clemency, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its anger and courage, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—terrified by the crowing of a cock, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first exhibited at Rome, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how caught, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wonderful feats by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—harnessed, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its gratitude, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—killed by the leontophonus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—killed by a dog, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its breath fœtid, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lion-crab, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lipara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liparæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liparæan islands, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liparea, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liparis, river, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lips, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liqueurs, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liquorice, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lirinon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lisbon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liternum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Litharge, -vi. <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, -<a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lithontriptics, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lithospermum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Live iron, -vi. <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Liver, of the goose used for food, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wanting in victims, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sometimes double, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—increase of, with the moon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its powers of preservation, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for complaints of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for pains in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Livia Augusta, her longevity, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—omen of the laurel, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Livy, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his birthplace, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works quoted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Livy, the Younger, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lixos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lizards, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gigantic, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—spotted, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Loadstone, -vi. <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, -<a href="#Page_355">355</a>. -<a href="#Page_356">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Localities of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lochia polyrrhizos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lochius, Publilius, -vi. <a href="#Page_301">301</a>, -<a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Loci, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lockets, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Locri, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Locrians, Epicnemidian, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Locris described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Locuples,” derivation of the word, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Locusta (the botanic term), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Locusts, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—plagues of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eaten, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Loins, remedies for pains in the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Loligo, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lollia Paulina, her pearls, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lollius, M. -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lomentum, -vi. <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, -<a href="#Page_109">109</a>, -<a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lonchitis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Long life, indications of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Longompori, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Longula, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Longulanus, C. Severus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lopadusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lophius piscatorius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lora, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>,</li> - -<li class="indx">Loretum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lorum, -vi. <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lotapea, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lotometra, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lotophagi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lotus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Africa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Egypt and the Euphrates, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—aged, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Louis XIV. of France, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Louse-plant, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lovage, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Luca, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucan, his “Pharsalia” quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>; -iv <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucania described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucanian oxen, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucanus, C. Terentius, -vi. <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucanus (a beetle), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucca, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucentum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucerne (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucian, his birth-place, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucifer, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucilius, C., mentioned, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -vi. <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucretius, T., mentioned, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_554" class="ext">554</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_553" class="ext">553</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucrinus, Lake, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—emissary of, -vi. <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucullan marble, -vi. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucullus, L., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, -<a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his largesses in wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—introduces the cherry into Italy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his want of moderation, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lucullus. M., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ludius, -vi. <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lugdunensis (Gallia) described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lugdunum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Luna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—marble of, -vi. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lungs, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Luperci, -vi. <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lupines, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lupus (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lurco, M., Aufidius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Lusitania described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its fertility, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lustra, -vi. <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lustration, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lutarius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Luxor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Luxury, appliances of, found in the sea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—excesses of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in woods, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycanthropy, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycaon, the animal, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycaonia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycapsos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lyceas, -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lychnis (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—agria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lychnis (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_424">424</a>, -<a href="#Page_425">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lychnitis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lychnomancy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycius, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycophthalmos, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycus, the physician, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lycus, river, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lydda, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lydia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lygdinus, -vi. <a href="#Page_330">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lygos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lyncestis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lyncarium -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_404">404</a>, -<a href="#Page_405">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lynx, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_398">398</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lyons, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lyron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lysander, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lysias, -vi. <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lysimachia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lysimachos (stone) -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lysimachus the historian, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lysimachus strangles a lion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lysippus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_174">174</a>, -<a href="#Page_175">175</a>, -<a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lysistratus, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lyson, -vi. <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lystra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lytarmis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">M.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mabog, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Macaron, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mace, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Macedonia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Macedonicus, Q. Metellus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="macer">Macer, Æmilius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Macer, Calvus Licinius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Macir, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mackerel, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Macrobii, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Macrobius quoted, -vi. <a href="#Page_458">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Macrocollum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Macron Teichos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mad dog, bite of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, -<a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maddening honey, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Madder, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Madeira, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Madness, canine, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—caused by animals licking the skin, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Madon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Madrepores, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mæander, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">463</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mæcenas, C. Cilnius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mæcenatian wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mæna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mænalus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mænian column, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mænius, C., -vi. <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mæonia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mæotis (fish), -vi. <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mæotis. <em><a href="#PalusM">See</a></em> “Palus Mæotis.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Maggots, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_546" class="ext">546</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in the brains of stags, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="magic">Magic (including amulets, charms, enchantments, philtres, spells, and superstitions), -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>; -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_534" class="ext">534</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>; -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, -<a href="#Page_4">4</a>, -<a href="#Page_11">11</a>, -<a href="#Page_12">12</a>, -<a href="#Page_19">19</a>, -<a href="#Page_21">21</a>, -<a href="#Page_22">22</a>, -<a href="#Page_23">23</a>, -<a href="#Page_32">32</a>, -<a href="#Page_39">39</a>, -<a href="#Page_47">47</a>, -<a href="#Page_48">48</a>, -<a href="#Page_57">57</a>, -<a href="#Page_205">205</a>, -<a href="#Page_210">210</a>, -<a href="#Page_327">327</a>, -<a href="#Page_328">328</a>, -<a href="#Page_360">360</a>, -<a href="#Page_361">361</a>, -<a href="#Page_362">362</a>, -<a href="#Page_404">404</a>, -<a href="#Page_405">405</a>, -<a href="#Page_408">408</a>, -<a href="#Page_424">424</a>, -<a href="#Page_429">429</a>, -<a href="#Page_431">431</a>, -<a href="#Page_434">434</a>, -<a href="#Page_437">437</a>, -<a href="#Page_438">438</a>, -<a href="#Page_441">441</a>, -<a href="#Page_442">442</a>, -<a href="#Page_444">444</a>, -<a href="#Page_446">446</a>, -<a href="#Page_447">447</a>, -<a href="#Page_448">448</a>, -<a href="#Page_449">449</a>, -<a href="#Page_450">450</a>, -<a href="#Page_451">451</a>, -<a href="#Page_453">453</a>, -<a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magical plants, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62-68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magicians, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their practices, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—and Magic, a history of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421-429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magma, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magna Græcia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magnes, -vi. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magnesia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magnet, -vi. <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, -<a href="#Page_356">356</a>, -<a href="#Page_356">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magnetes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magnitude of the stars, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mago, his writings, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magpie, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Magydaris, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maiæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maigre, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Majorca, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Makron Teichos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mala, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malaca, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malache, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malachite, -vi. <a href="#Page_429">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maladies, in which wine should be administered, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiar to various nations, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malaga, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maledictions, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maleus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maleventum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maliac Gulf, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mallet-shoots, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mallos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mallow-tree, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mallows, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>-285.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malobathrum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malope, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maltha, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_139">139</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malum terra, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malundrum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malvane, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Malvoisie, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mamertine wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mammæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mamurra, -vi. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Man, his obligations to Nature, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the only tearful animal, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his helplessness, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the frail tenure of his life, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his inhumanity to man, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diversified powers and might of Nature displayed in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his brain, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his face, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his forehead, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his eye-brows, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his eyes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiarities in his members, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—resembled by the ape, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his audacity, -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mancinus, L. H., -vi. <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mandi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mandragora, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mandrake, of Scripture, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—superstitions as to, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Manes, existence of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Manfredonia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Manganese, -vi. <a href="#Page_330">330</a>, -<a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mangrove, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mani, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Manilius, M. -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_554" class="ext">554</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his alleged work quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Manilius Antiochus, -vi. <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Manna, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Manteium, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mantichora, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mantinea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mantua, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Manure, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456-460</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Manuring, of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of land, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mapalia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maple, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marathon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—battle of, -vi. <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marble, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_306">306</a>-309, -<a href="#Page_323">323</a>-328</li> -<li class="isub1">—coloured, -vi. <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marcasite, -vi. <a href="#Page_440">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marcellus, M., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">March, Ides of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marchantia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marcia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marcian Waters, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marcion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marcipor, -vi. <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mare that conquered when with foal, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_543" class="ext">543</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mareotis, Lake, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mares impregnated by the wind, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Margarides, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Margiane, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Margus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maria, tomb of, -vi. <a href="#Page_409">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mariandyni, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marius, C., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mariva, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marjoram, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Market-dues, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marl, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marmaridæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marmaritis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maronean wine, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marriage customs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marrow, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—spinal, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—human, produces serpents, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marrubium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mars, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Ultor, -vi. <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marsi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marsian War, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marsus, Domitius, -vi. <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marsyas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marsyas of Macedon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marten, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Martial quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>; v. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>; vi. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Martinet, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marvellous works in Egypt, -vi. <a href="#Page_334">334-340</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Marvels connected with fire, -vi. <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Masks of Comedy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Masinissa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>, 391— -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maspetum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Massagetæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Massaris, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Massæsyli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Massic wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Massica, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Massicot, -vi. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Massilia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mastich, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mastos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Masts, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mastya, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Matapan, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mattiacum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mauri, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mauritania, the two kingdoms of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maurusii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mausoleum described, -vi. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>, -<a href="#Page_317">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mausolus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>, -<a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maximus, the dwarf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Maxula, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mead, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meal, various kinds of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Measures, Greek and Roman—<em><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_xiv" class="ext">See</a></em> “Introduction to vol. iii.”</li> -<li class="isub1">—invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mecenius, Egnatius, slays his wife, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mecon aphrodes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meconis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meconitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meconium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Media described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medica, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medicaments for trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_533" class="ext">533</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_534" class="ext">534</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medicinal compositions, remarks in disparagement of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medicinal remedies borrowed from animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>-294.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medical art, origin of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the frauds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the practice of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376-381</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—changes in the system of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mediolanum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mediterranean, trees and shrubs of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medusa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medusæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medlar, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Megabyzus, -vi. <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, -<a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Megalium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Megara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>— -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prophecy of the fall of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Megaris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Megasthenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Megisba, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mela, M. Annæus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mela, Pomponius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melamphyllos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melampodes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—understood the language of birds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melamprasion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melampsythium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melanaëtos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melanchlæni, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melancholy, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melancoryphus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melancranis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melandrya, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melanthion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melanthius, -vi. <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, -<a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melanurus, -vi. <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, -<a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meleager, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meleagrides, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meles, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melichloros, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melichrus, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melichrysos, -vi. <a href="#Page_436">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melicraton, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melilote, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melissophyllum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melissus, C. Mæcenas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melitæi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melite, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melitene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melitinus, -vi. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>, -<a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melitites, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melligo, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melons, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Melothron, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Members of man, peculiarities in, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Memnon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—birds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—statue of, -vi. <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, -<a href="#Page_329">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Memnonia, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Memnonides, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Memory, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—loss of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—seat of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Memphis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menæchmus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, -<a href="#Page_182">182</a>, -<a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menander, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menander, the poet, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menapii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menas, -vi. <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mendes, the unguents of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menecrates (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menecrates, the poet, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menenius Agrippa, -vi. <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menestratus, -vi. <a href="#Page_317">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meninx, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menismini, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menodorus, -vi. <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menogenes the cook, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menstrual discharge, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—marvels connected with, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304-307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Menstruation, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mentastrum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mentor, the artist, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, -<a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mentor and the Lion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mephitis, Temple of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mercurialis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Merges, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Merida, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mermaids, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mer-men, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meroë, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meroïs, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Merops, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mesembria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mesogitic wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mesoleucon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mesoleucos, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mesopotamia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messages, by pigeons, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messala, the censor, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messala, M. V., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—owed his healthiness to wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messala, -vi. <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messalina, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_541" class="ext">541</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messalinus, Cotta, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messana, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messapia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messenia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Messina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mestus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metagonitis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metalla, -vi. <a href="#Page_350">350</a>, -<a href="#Page_351">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metals, soldering of, -vi. <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metapontum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metellus, L., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metellus, Q., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metellus, the pontiff, his articulation, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meteorites, -vi. <a href="#Page_438">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meteors, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Methone, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Methora, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Methymna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metimanus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meton, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metopium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metrodorus, artist and philosopher, -vi. <a href="#Page_277">277</a>, -<a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metrodorus, of Chios, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Metrodorus, of Scepsis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meuse, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mevania, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mica, -vi. <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Micciades, -vi. <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="mice">Mice, of Pontus, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that swallow gold, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that gnaw iron, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—singing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the Nile, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their fecundity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_544" class="ext">544</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_545" class="ext">545</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>Also <a href="#mouse">see</a></em> “Mouse.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Micipsa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Micon, -vi. <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, -<a href="#Page_186">186</a>, -<a href="#Page_241">241</a>, -<a href="#Page_249">249</a>, -<a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mictis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Micton, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Midas, -vi. <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Migration of birds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a>-506.</li> - -<li class="indx">Milan, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mildew, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Miletus (place), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Miletus (writer), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Milfoil, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Miliaria, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Militaris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Military services, gifts for, -vi. <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Milk, offerings of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—particulars relative to, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in woman, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in animals, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—what is the thinnest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the richest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—curdled, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a></li> -<li class="isub1">-impregnated by plants, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Arcadia, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—woman’s, remedies from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—medicinal uses of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>-322.</li> - -<li class="indx">Milky Way, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Millefolium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Millepedes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Millet, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine from, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Milliarium aureum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Millstones, -vi. <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Milo, T. Annius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_346">346</a>, -<a href="#Page_347">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Milo the wrestler, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_440">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Miltiades, -vi. <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Miltites, -vi. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>, -<a href="#Page_364">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Miltos, -vi. <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Miltwaste, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mimas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mimosa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mind, greatness of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—vigour of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mineral waters, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—extravagant use of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Minerals of Spain, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Minerva Musica, -vi. <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Minium, -vi. <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, -<a href="#Page_120">120-124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Minorca, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Minos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Minsas, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mint, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256-259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Minturnæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Minute works of art, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, -<a href="#Page_323">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Minyanthes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Miraculous properties of wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mirage, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mirmillo, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mirror-stone, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, -<a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mirrors, -vi. <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, -<a href="#Page_127">127</a>, -<a href="#Page_214">214</a>, -<a href="#Page_280">280</a>, -<a href="#Page_422">422</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Misenum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mistletoe, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433-436</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mists, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Misy, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, -<a href="#Page_199">199</a>, -<a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mithrax, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mithridate, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mithridates, King, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, -<a href="#Page_390">390</a>, -<a href="#Page_451">451</a>, -<a href="#Page_467">467</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his extraordinary memory, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mithridatia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mitra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mitulus, -vi. <a href="#Page_41">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mitylene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mnaseas, -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mnason, -vi. <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mnemonics, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mnemosyne, fountain of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mnesides, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mnesigiton, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mnesitheus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mocha-stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_440">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Modellers, ancient, -vi. <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, -<a href="#Page_285">285</a>, -<a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Modelling, the art of, -vi. <a href="#Page_283">283</a>, -<a href="#Page_284">284</a>, -<a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Modena, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Modogalinga, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mœnus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mœris, Lake, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_336">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mœsia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Molar stones, -vi. <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Molemonium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moles (abortions), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moles (animals), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—have no sight, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mollugo, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Molluscum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mollusk, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Molochitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_429">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Molon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moly, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Molybdæna (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Molybdæna (metal), -vi. <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, -<a href="#Page_118">118</a>, -<a href="#Page_218">218</a>, -<a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Molybditis, -vi. <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Monapia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Monarchy, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Monboddo, Lord, his theory, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mongols, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Monkeys, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Monoceros, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Monochromes, -vi. <a href="#Page_247">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Monocoli, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mons Sacer, the secession to, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Monsters, human, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Month, work to be done in each, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>-108.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moon, particulars connected with the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>-34, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>-40</li> -<li class="isub1">—its effect upon fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its influence, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—revolutions of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—conjunction of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moons, several seen at once, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moral disposition, indications of from the appearance, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Morbus pediculosus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Morimarusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Morini, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Morion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mormorion, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mormyr, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Morochthos, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Morphew, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Morphnos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Morse, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mortar, -vi. <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mortars, stones for, -vi. <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mosa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mosaic pavements, -vi. <a href="#Page_378">378</a>, -<a href="#Page_379">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moses, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moss, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moss agate, -vi. <a href="#Page_440">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mossylum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Motacilla, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>; vi. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moths, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Motions of the stars, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mountain green, -vi. <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, -<a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mourning, signs of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="mouse">Mouse, of Egypt, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—increase of its liver, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>And <a href="#mice">see</a></em> “Mice.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Mouse-barley, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mouth, the grasshopper has none, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for sores of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mouths of the Nile, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mucianus, L., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mucianus, the augur, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mud-mullet, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mugwort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mulberries, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mulc, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mule-gnat, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mules, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their nature, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—barren, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—other peculiarities of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—shod with gold, -vi. <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mulio, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mullet, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mulsum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Multipedes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mulucha, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mummies, the coffins of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mummius, his capture of Corinth, -vi. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, -<a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Munatius, P., -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Munda, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Mundus,” the term, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Municipia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Muræna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407-411</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, -<a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—preserves for the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Murex, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441-445</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Muria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Murrhine">Murrhine vessels, -vi. <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, -<a href="#Page_286">286</a>, -<a href="#Page_392">392</a>, -<a href="#Page_393">393</a>, -<a href="#Page_394">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Murrhitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Murviedro, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mus, P. Decius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mus cabirinus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Musa, Antonius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Musæa, -vi. <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, -<a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Musæus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Muscatella wine, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Muses, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Museum, the Sallustian, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mushrooms, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Music, theatrical, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Musical, inventions, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—scale applied to the pulsation, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Musmon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mussels, -vi. <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gigantic, -vi. <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Must, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how prepared, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—properties of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mustaceum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mustard, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mustela (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mutina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Muza, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Muziris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mya margarifera, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myagrus (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myagrus (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myax, -vi. <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mycenæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mycon, -vi. <a href="#Page_152">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myconian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myconos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mygdones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mygdonia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myiagros, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myiodes, the divinity, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myisca, -vi. <a href="#Page_41">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mylasa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myoctonon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myosota, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myosotis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myosoton, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myriandros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrica, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myriophyllon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myriza, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrmecides, the sculptor, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_323">323</a>, -<a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrmecitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrobalanum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myron, -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, -<a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_173">173</a>, -<a href="#Page_174">174</a>, -<a href="#Page_318">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrrh, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129-132</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prices of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrrha, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrrhine. <em><a href="#Murrhine">See</a></em> “Murrhine.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrrhina, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrrhis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrsilus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrsineum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrsinitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrtidanum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrtis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrtites, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrtle, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—anecdotes relative to, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—varieties of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for wines, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used in ovations, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrtoän Sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myrtopetalos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mys, -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mysia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Mystus, wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myxa plum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Myxon, -vi. <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">N.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nabatæi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nabun, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nails, the human, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiarities in the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—paring of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—maladies of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—malformed, -vi. <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Napata, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naphtha, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, -<a href="#Page_294">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naples, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Napy, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Narbonensis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Narbonne, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Narcissinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Narcissitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Narcissus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nard, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Indian, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nardinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Narona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Narthex, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nasamones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nasamonitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nassa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nasturtium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Nasutus,” the term, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nations, how affected by climate, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exterminated by animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—modes of cultivation pursued by various, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—maladies peculiar to certain, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Natrix, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nature, considered by Pliny to be identical with God, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—her ingenuity displayed in the insect world, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the providence manifested by, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—her wondrous powers, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a comparative view of, -vi. <a href="#Page_464">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naucerus, -vi. <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naucratis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naucydes, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naulochum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naumachia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naupactus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nauplius, sailing, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nausicaa, -vi. <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naustathmus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nautilus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Navalia, -vi. <a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Navel-wort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Navigation, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Navius, Attus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nasica, Scipio, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Naxos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—stone of, -vi. <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nealces, -vi. <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, -<a href="#Page_279">279</a>, -<a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Neapolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nearchus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nearer Spain described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nebritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>, -<a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Necepsos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nechthebis, -vi. <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, -<a href="#Page_341">341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Neck, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for pains in the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Necklaces of amber, -vi. <a href="#Page_401">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Necron, Isle of, -vi. <a href="#Page_395">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nectarites, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Negropont, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nemausum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nemea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nemean Games, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nemesis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—seat of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nenuphar, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Neoptolemus of Paros, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nep, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nepos, Cornelius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nereïds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Neritus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nero, the Emperor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, -<a href="#Page_167">167</a>, -<a href="#Page_175">175</a>, -<a href="#Page_183">183</a>, -<a href="#Page_185">185</a>, -<a href="#Page_216">216</a>, -<a href="#Page_246">246</a>, -<a href="#Page_261">261</a>, -<a href="#Page_393">393</a>, -<a href="#Page_402">402</a>, -<a href="#Page_403">403</a>, -<a href="#Page_409">409</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his birth, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his sight, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his use of thapsia, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his study of magic, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nero, Tiberius, his rapid journey, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Nervus,” the term, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nervii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nepenthes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nests of birds, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_514" class="ext">514</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nettle, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eaten, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Neuras, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Neuroïdes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Neurospastos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">New birds, the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">New Carthage, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Niam Niams, the, a people with tails, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicæa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicæus, the wrestler, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicander, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nice, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicephorion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Niceratus (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, -<a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Niceratus (writer), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Niceros, -vi. <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicias (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_275">275</a>, -<a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicias (general), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicias (writer), -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicknames, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicobulus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicolaüs of Damascus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicomachus, -vi. <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, -<a href="#Page_267">267</a>, -<a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicomedes, King, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicomedia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicophanes, -vi. <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, -<a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nicopolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Niger, Sextus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Niger, Trebius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Niger, river, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Night-hawk, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nightingale, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—white, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nightmare, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nightshade, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nigidius Figulus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nigris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nigritæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nile, alluvion of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—description of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—promoter of fertility, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mice of the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—water of, like glue, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nilion, -vi. <a href="#Page_429">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nilometer, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nineveh, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ninguaria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ninus, the city, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Niobe, the fountain, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Niobe and her children, the group of, -vi. <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nipparene, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nipples, only in man the male has them, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nismes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nisus (bird), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nisyros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nitre, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nitrum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512-519</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">No, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Noctua, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Noir antique, -vi. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nola, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nomades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nomenclator, -vi. <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nomentum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—vines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nomes of Egypt, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nonacris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nonius Struma, -vi. <a href="#Page_416">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Norici, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Northern regions of Europe described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nostrils, the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exponents of ridicule, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—discharges of blood from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Notia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Novara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Novaria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nulo, Mount, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Numa, Pompilius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his books discovered, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his law on wine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Numantia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Numenius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Numidia, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the marble of, -vi. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Numidicæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nundinæ, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nurseries for plants, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464-467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nus, the river, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nut, the several varieties of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315-319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nut-galls, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nutriment, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nyctalopy, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nyctegreton, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nyma, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nymphæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nymphæa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nymphæa heraclia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nymphæa nelumbo, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nymphæa pteris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nymphæum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nymphæus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nymphodorus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Nysa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">O.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oak, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oar, invention of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oäsites, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oats, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Obelisks, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_331">331-334</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_333">333</a>, -<a href="#Page_334">334</a>, -<a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Obliquity of the zones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Obsian glass, -vi. <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Obsian stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_381">381</a>, -<a href="#Page_382">382</a>, -<a href="#Page_455">455</a>, -<a href="#Page_463">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Obsidian, -vi. <a href="#Page_381">381</a>, -<a href="#Page_382">382</a>, -<a href="#Page_455">455</a>, -<a href="#Page_463">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Occhus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oce, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ocean, surrounding the earth, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ocelis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ochra, -vi. <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Ochre">Ochre, -vi. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, -<a href="#Page_236">236</a>, -<a href="#Page_363">363</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—red, -<a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—yellow, -<a href="#Page_140">140</a>, -<a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ocimoïdes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ocimum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cursed when sown, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ocinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ocriculum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ocrisia, -vi. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Octavius, Cneius, -vi. <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, -<a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oculata, -vi. <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oculus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Odd numbers, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Odinolytes, -vi. <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Odontitis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Odours, the nature of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Odrysæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Œa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Œnanthe, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oil of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Œnanthinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Œneus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Œnophorus, -vi. <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Œnopides, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Œsophagus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Œsypum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Œtum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ogygia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oica, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oil, first use of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of œnanthe, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of almonds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of laurel, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of chamæmyrsine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of cypress, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of citrus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of walnuts, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Cnidium, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of mastich, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of balanus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of cyprus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of balsamum, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of henbane, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of lupines, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of narcissus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of radishes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of sesame, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of lilies, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Selga, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Iguvium, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of pitch, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>And <a href="#oliveoil">see</a></em> Olive oil.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oils, artificial, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286-291</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488-494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oleander, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oleaster, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olenum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oleron, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oliaros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olisipo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_422">422</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olive, Indian, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Arabia, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—omphacium made from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the history of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its introduction into Europe, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its growth, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its nature, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—varieties of it, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278-284</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—victors crowned with its leaves, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—culture and preservation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wild, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—aged trees of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—culture of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—leaves of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—blossom of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="oliveoil">Olive oil, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—where produced, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its qualities, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—nature of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—making of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olives, white, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—black, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ollar stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ololygones, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olusatrum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olympia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Games at, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olympiads, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olympias of Thebes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olympias, wind, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olympicus, -vi. <a href="#Page_468">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olympiodorus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olympus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olynthos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olyra, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Olyros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Omani, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ombre (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ombria, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Omens, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from poultry, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from birds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from bees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—evil, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fortunate, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from trees, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>Also <a href="#portents">see</a></em> “Portents.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Omentum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Omphacium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Omphalocarpos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">On, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onager, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onear, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onesicritus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onions, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onitis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onobrychis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onochilis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onochilon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onoclia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onopordon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onopyxos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onosma, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onotheres, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onyches (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Onyx, -vi. <a href="#Page_329">329</a>, -<a href="#Page_419">419</a>, -<a href="#Page_420">420</a>, -<a href="#Page_431">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oönæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opal, -vi. <a href="#Page_415">415</a>, -<a href="#Page_416">416</a>, -<a href="#Page_417">417</a>, -<a href="#Page_436">436</a>, -<a href="#Page_437">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ophicardelon, -vi. <a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ophiogenes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ophion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ophir, -vi. <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ophites, -vi. <a href="#Page_327">327</a>, -<a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ophiusa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ophrys, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ophthalmic preparations, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opici, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opilius, Aurelius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opimian wine, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opobalsamum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opocarpathon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, -<a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opopanax, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oporice, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oppius, C., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opuntia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Opus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orach, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orage, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orange (town), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orata, Sergius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oratis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orbis (fish), -vi. <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, -<a href="#Page_9">9</a>, -<a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orca, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orcades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orchis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orchomenus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—seed of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orcus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oreoselinon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orestes, his body found, of gigantic size, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Origanum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Heracleotic, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266-270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orion, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orios, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oritæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ornithogale, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orobanche, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orobethron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orobia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orobus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orodes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orontes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oropus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orpheus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orphus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orpiment, -vi. <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, -<a href="#Page_105">105</a>, -<a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orpine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Orthagoriscos, -vi. <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, -<a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ortolan, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ortospanum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ortygia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ortygometra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oruros, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oryges, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oryx, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its body a preventive of thirst, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_550" class="ext">550</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oscines, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Osiris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Osiritis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ossa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Osseous stones, -vi. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ossifrage, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ossuna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Osthanes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ostia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—construction of the harbour at, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ostraceum, -vi. <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ostracias, -vi. <a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ostracites, -vi. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ostracitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_444">444</a>, -<a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ostrich, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ostrys, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Osyris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Otho, M., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Othoninum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Othonna, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Otis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Otranto, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Otter, -vi. <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Otus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Outline painting, -vi. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ovations, myrtle used in, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ovid, his birth-place, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his place of banishment, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his “Halieuticon,” -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>— -vi. <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, -<a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—probably mistranslated by Pliny, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mentioned, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works quoted, -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>; -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_545" class="ext">545</a>; -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_535" class="ext">535</a>; -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>; -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, -<a href="#Page_7">7</a>, -<a href="#Page_65">65</a>, -<a href="#Page_66">66</a>, -<a href="#Page_68">68</a>, -<a href="#Page_173">173</a>, -<a href="#Page_187">187</a>, -<a href="#Page_206">206</a>, -<a href="#Page_260">260</a>, -<a href="#Page_264">264</a>, -<a href="#Page_277">277</a>, -<a href="#Page_315">315</a>, -<a href="#Page_318">318</a>, -<a href="#Page_345">345</a>, -<a href="#Page_397">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oviedo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oviparous animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ovum anguinum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Owl, horned, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Owlet, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxalis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxen, the generation of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the best quality, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiarities in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—not killed by the ancients, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—with powers of speech, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fed on fish, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxycedrus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxygala, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxylapathum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxymeli, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxymyrsine, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxys, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oxyschœnos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oyster-beds, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—artificial, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oyster-bread, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Oysters, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_25">25-28</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of neither sex, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_546" class="ext">546</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—have no hearing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_547" class="ext">547</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—have sense of touch, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when wholesome to eat, -vi. <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of gigantic size, -vi. <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, -<a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ozæna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ozænitis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ozolæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">P.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pachynum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pactolus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pacuvius, -vi. <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Padua, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Padus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Padusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pæanitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pædagogus, -vi. <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pæderos (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pæderos (stones so called), -vi. <a href="#Page_417">417</a>, -<a href="#Page_433">433</a>, -<a href="#Page_436">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pænula, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pæonia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pæstum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Pætus,” origin of the name, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pagæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pagasa, Gulf of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Page,” origin of the English word, -vi. <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pagur, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pain, endurance of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—intensity of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Painters, journeymen, thefts by, -vi. <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, -<a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—celebrated, -<a href="#Page_246">246-268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Painting, the art of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, -<a href="#Page_224">224</a>, -<a href="#Page_228">228</a>, -<a href="#Page_229">229</a>, -<a href="#Page_230">230</a>, -<a href="#Page_231">231</a>, -<a href="#Page_232">232</a>, -<a href="#Page_234">234</a>, -<a href="#Page_235">235</a>, -<a href="#Page_245">245</a>, -<a href="#Page_246">246-282</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—invention of, ii. -<a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—use of chrysocolla in, -vi. <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, -<a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cinnabaris used in, -vi. <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, -<a href="#Page_122">122</a>, -<a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pala, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palæmon, Rhemmius, his successful culture of the vine, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palæogoni, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palæphatus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palæsimundus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palæstina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palamedes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palantium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palatium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palencia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paleness, how produced, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palibothra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palimpissa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palinurum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palinurus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paliurus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palladium, rescue of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palladius quoted, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pallene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pallium, -vi. <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palm, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169-174</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—leaves of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for writing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine from the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palm (a measure), -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palm-stones, -vi. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palma, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palmensian wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Palmyra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paludamentum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="PalusM">Palus Mæotis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pampeluna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pamphagi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pamphile, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pamphilus, the actor, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pamphilus, the artist, -vi. <a href="#Page_255">255</a>, -<a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pamphylia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panaces, asclepion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—heracleon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—chironion, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—centaurion or pharnacion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—siderion, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panænus, -vi. <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, -<a href="#Page_248">248</a>, -<a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panætius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panathenaicon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panax, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pancaste, -vi. <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panchrestos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panchrus, -vi. <a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panchrysos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pancration, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pancratium (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pandæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pandion, King, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pandore, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panels for painting, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paneros, -vi. <a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pangæum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pangonus, -vi. <a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panhormus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panic (grain), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panormus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panorpis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, - <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panotii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pantellaria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panthera, or leopard, its gratitude, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—description of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—singular antidote used by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pantherinæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panticapæum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Panticapes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Papaverata, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="paper">Paper, the discovery of it, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how made, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186-190</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—qualities of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—defects in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—scarcity of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paphlagonia described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Papirius, L., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his vow, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pappus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paps of animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Papyrus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185-189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>Also, <a href="#paper">see</a></em> “Paper.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Parabeste, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parætonium (place), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parætonium (a plaster), -vi. <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paralion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paralios, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parallels, division of the earth into, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paralysis, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parapanisus, the river, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parapotamia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parasitical insects, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parasitical plants, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parchment, invention of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pard, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pardalianches, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218-222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pardalion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pardalios, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pardalium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pardon of the gods, how asked, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parentalia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pargetting, -vi. <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parian Chronicle, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parian marble, -vi. <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parietary, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parilia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parisii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parks for wild animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parma, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parmenio, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parmeniscus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parnassus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paropanisus, the mountains of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parrhasia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parrhasius, -vi. <a href="#Page_251">251-254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parrot, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—has the hardest head, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parrot-seed, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parsley, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="parsnip">Parsnip, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parthenion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parthenis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parthenium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parthenope, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parthia, described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the waters of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parthians, their cookery, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eat grasshoppers, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eat locusts, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their tainted breath, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their drunkenness, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the Roman expedition against, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their delicate bread, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Partridge, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_517" class="ext">517</a>; iv. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Paphlagonia has a double heart, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Parturition, methods of facilitating, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pasines, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pasiteles, -vi. <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, -<a href="#Page_145">145</a>, -<a href="#Page_285">285</a>, -<a href="#Page_319">319</a>, -<a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Passagarda, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Passernices, -vi. <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paste used for making paper, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pastern bones, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Pastinaca">Pastinaca (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, -<a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—venomous, -<a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pastinaca erratica (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>Also, <a href="#parsnip">see</a></em> “Parsnip.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Patala, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patale, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patavium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patetæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patmos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patræ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patras, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patrobius, -vi. <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patrocles the geographer, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Patroclus (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paul, Saint, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paulinus, Pompeius, -vi. <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paulus, L. Æmilius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, -<a href="#Page_277">277</a>, -<a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pausanias quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pausias, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_273">273</a>, -<a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pausilypum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pavements, -vi. <a href="#Page_376">376-379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Paxos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peaches, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Persia, poisonous, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Pliny’s singular notions as to, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peacock, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its vanity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fattened for food, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peahen, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_538" class="ext">538</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Pearl,” alleged origin of the word, -vi. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pearl oyster, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pearls, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430-436</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first used at Rome, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Britain, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—costliness of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pears, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300-303</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pease, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pebbles, white and black, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pectines, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pectoral, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pectunculus, -vi. <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Pecunia,” origin of the word, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pedius, his supreme happiness, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pedius, Q., -vi. <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pegasi (beasts), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pegasi (birds), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pegasus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pegma, -vi. <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelamides, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelagiæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelasgi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelecinon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelican, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peligni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelion, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pella, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pellitory, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peloponnesus described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelops, his rib, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelops, the writer, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelorides, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelorus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pelusium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peneus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Penicilli, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_520" class="ext">520</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Penicillus, -vi. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pennyroyal, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pentapetes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pentadactyli, -vi. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pentaphyllon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pentapolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pentelicus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pentorobus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peony, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peparethos, wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peplis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pepones, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pepper-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pepperwort, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peræa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peraticum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perch, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Percnos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perdicium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perekop, Gulf of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perfumes, burnt at funerals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—extravagance in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a description of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160-165</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mixed with oil, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perga, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pergamum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pergula, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Periander, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Periboëtos, -vi. <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pericarpum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pericles, -vi. <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—adventure of his slave, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Periclymenos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perileucos, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perillus, -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, -<a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perimula, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Periphoretos, -vi. <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peristereon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peristereos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Periwinkle (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Periwinkles (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gigantic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perna (fish), -vi. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perorsi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perpressa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perperene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perrhæbi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persea, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persepolis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perseus, King, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persia, trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persian Gulf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persian tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persians, their use of perfumes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persica, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persicon napy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persis, the province of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Persolata, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Personata, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pertinax Helvius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perugia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Perusia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pescara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pesoluta, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pessinus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petasus, -vi. <a href="#Page_342">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petauristæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peter, Saint, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petilium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petorita, -vi. <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petosiris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petrichus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petrifactions, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_438">438</a>, -<a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petritan wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petroleum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petronius, P., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petronius, T., -vi. <a href="#Page_393">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Petroselinum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peucedanum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peucestes, -vi. <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Peucini, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pezenas, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pezica, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phædrus quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phaëthon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_397">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phagrus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phalacrocorax, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phalangion (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phalangitis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phalangium (insect), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phalaris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>; -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the first tyrant, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phaleræ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phalerides, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phalerum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phallovitroboli, -vi. <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phanagoria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phanias, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phaon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pharanitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_433">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pharnaces, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pharos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pharsalia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pharusii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pharynx, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phaselis, oil of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phasganion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phasiolon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phasis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phaulias, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phausia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phazania, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pheasant, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phellandrion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phellos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phellusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phemonoë, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_554" class="ext">554</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pheneus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phengites, -vi. <a href="#Page_369">369</a>, -<a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pheos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pheræ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pherecydes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phiala, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phidias, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, -<a href="#Page_170">170</a>, -<a href="#Page_171">171</a>, -<a href="#Page_247">247</a>, -<a href="#Page_310">310</a>, -<a href="#Page_311">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philadelphus, Ptolemæus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philæni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philanthes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philanthropos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philemon (geographer), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philemon (poet), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_555" class="ext">555</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philetæria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philinus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philip, King, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">his wound, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philippi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philippopolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philippus of Medma, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philiscus, -vi. <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philistides Mallotes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philistina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philistion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philistus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philochares, -vi. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philocles, -vi. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philonides, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philostephanus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philoxenus (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philoxenus (poet), -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philtres, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>Also, <a href="#magic">see</a></em> “Magic.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Philyra, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Philyræ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phlegra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phlegræan Plains, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phlius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phloginos, -vi. <a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phlogitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phlomis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phlomos, -v. <a href="#Page_127">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phlox, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phocæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phocis described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phœnice (country) described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phœnice (barley), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phœnicitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>, -<a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phœnicobalanus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phœnicopterus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phœnicurus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phœnix, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pholöe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phonolite, -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phorinean wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phradmon, -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phrenion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phrenitis, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phryganea, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phryganion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phrygia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phrygian stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phryne, -vi. <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, -<a href="#Page_259">259</a>, -<a href="#Page_312">312</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phrynion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phthia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phthiotis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phthiriasis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—internal, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phthirophagi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phthisis, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phu, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phycis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phycitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phycos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phycos thalassion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phylace, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phylarchus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phyllis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phyllon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phyllos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Physalus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Physema, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Physeter, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Physicians, an account of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372-376</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their ignorance, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, -<a href="#Page_121">121</a>, -<a href="#Page_194">194</a>, -<a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their avarice, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their cruelty, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Physiognomists, -vi. <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Physiognomy, observations upon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Physis, -vi. <a href="#Page_462">462</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phyteuma, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Piacenza, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Picarel, -vi. <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Picatum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Picenum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Picris, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Pictor,” the surname, -vi. <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pictures, high prices of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Picus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pie, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pieria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pig. <em><a href="#Swine">See</a></em> “Swine.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Pigeons, an account of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_517" class="ext">517-520</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—messages by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—high prices of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_520" class="ext">520</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pigments, -vi. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pileus, -vi. <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pilgrims to Saint Jago, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pimpernel, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pina, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pinaster, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pindar, his name honoured by Alexander, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his writings quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pindus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pine, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pine-nuts, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pinites succinifer, -vi. <a href="#Page_397">397</a>, -<a href="#Page_401">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pinna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pinnotheres, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pinus cedrus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Piombino, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pip (in poultry), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_537" class="ext">537</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Piperitis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Piræicus, -vi. <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Piræus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pirates, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pisa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pisæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pisaurum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Piscenæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pisces, the Constellation, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pisciculus, Junius, -vi. <a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pisidia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Piso, L., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pissasphaltos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="pisselaeon">Pisselæon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pissinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_290">290</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pissoceros, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pistacia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pistachio-nuts, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pistoia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pistorium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pistrix, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pitane, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pitch, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264-267</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pitch-oil, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>Also, <a href="#pisselaeon">see</a></em> “Pisselæon.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Pitch-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pitched wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pithecusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pituita, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_537" class="ext">537</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pityocampæ, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pityus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pityusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pityussæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Placentia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plague, its course, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plaice, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plaids, probable allusion to, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Planaria, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Plancus,” origin of the name, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plancus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plane-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103-106</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—aged, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Planets, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27-31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their influence on human life, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plangus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plant of Fulvius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plantago, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plants, wines made from, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—propagated by seed, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—propagation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461-487</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from, -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—growth of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—roots of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—blossoms of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—growth of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of which there is but one kind, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sown at the autumnal equinox, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—garden, maladies of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for bees, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—stems of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—leaves of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eared, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—properties of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for colouring the body, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for dyeing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that grow on the head of a statue, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—on the banks of a river, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in a sieve, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—upon a dunghill, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—moistened with the urine of a dog, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wild, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—delineated in colours, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—authors who have written upon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—medicinal properties of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—enquiries of the ancients into, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ages of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how their efficacy may be ensured, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plastæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plaster of Paris, -vi. <a href="#Page_330">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plastering, -vi. <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plastice, -vi. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Platanista, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Platæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Platea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plating, -vi. <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plato, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Platyceros, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Platyophthalmon, -vi. <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Platyphyllos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plautus, mentioned, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plinthia, Fountain of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><span class="smcap">Pliny</span>, addresses Titus Vespasianus, -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>-11</li> -<li class="isub1">—states the object of his work, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the sources whence derived, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—alludes to his Roman History, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against plagiarism, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against empty titles of books, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—states the general design of his work, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his work on Grammar, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his contempt for his slanderers, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his opinions on the Deity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20-25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—does not believe in a superintending Providence, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against superstition and infidelity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against human pride, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—considers Nature identical with God, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—laments the perverseness of mankind, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—enlarges in praise of Italy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—guilty of adulation, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his death noticed, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—censures others for credulity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against falsehood, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—proofs of his own credulity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against luxury, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a probable lapse of memory by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his gloomy views of human life, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his credulity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—possible error by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his credulity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his visit to Africa alluded to, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—repines at the frail tenure of life, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his metaphorical style, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his superstition, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his opinion on the final conflagration of the world, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his hatred of war, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his desponding views on human happiness, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—repines at the frailty of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—thinks a short life desirable, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—considers sudden death a blessing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his singular notion as to a happy death, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—denies the immortality of the soul, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—censures the credulity of the Greeks, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a mistake made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his work on the use of the javelin, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against luxury, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—errors committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>; -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against extravagance in perfumes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a mistake made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against luxury, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his ignorance of vegetable physiology, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—errors committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against avarice and disregard of knowledge, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against drunkenness, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270-274</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—refers to his visit to the Chauci, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a mistake probably committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—errors committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a mistake probably made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—errors committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—error in transcribing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—takes a more cheerful view of things, -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—commends old times, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—misquotes Columella, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—error committed by, and his probably imperfect knowledge of Greek, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his ambiguous language, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—accidental omission by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—contemplates a work, probably, which he did not write, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against luxury, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against gluttony, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistakes made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—contradicts himself, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistakes probably made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—two errors committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—contradicts himself, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—errors probably committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a lapse of memory by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against profligacy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against luxury and effeminacy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against the derision of his enemies, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistakes probably made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—error committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistakes probably made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—errors committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake probably made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his singular notion as to peaches, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—error probably committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his credulity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_520" class="ext">520</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—commends the ancient manners, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—errors probably committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—instances of his credulity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64-67</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—repines at the general indifference to knowledge, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—refuses to credit some marvels, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against magic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a possible lapse of memory by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake probably made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—absurd error committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—singular mistake made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake possibly made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against magic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against gluttony, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—admires the research of the ancients, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his belief in first causes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—error committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against magic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—error committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—error probably committed by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his great but unsuspecting credulity, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his horror of cruelty, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—approves of suicide, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against magicians, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his rare attempts at wit, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against magic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against immorality, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against the Greeks, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against magic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake probably made by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his credulity, -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, -<a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—effusion of wit, -<a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake made by, -<a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against avarice, -<a href="#Page_68">68</a>, -<a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against obscenity, -<a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against the use of gold, -<a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against vast retinues of slaves, -<a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake made by, -<a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—effusion of wit, -<a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—laments the downfall of Roman morals, -<a href="#Page_136">136</a>, -<a href="#Page_137">137</a>, -<a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his credulity, -<a href="#Page_205">205</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake made by, -<a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—commends the simplicity of ancient times, -<a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against luxury, -<a href="#Page_306">306</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—commends the ancient simplicity, -<a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against the depravity of taste, -<a href="#Page_351">351</a>, -<a href="#Page_352">352</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inveighs against luxury, -<a href="#Page_391">391</a>, -<a href="#Page_392">392</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—against the falsehoods of magic, -<a href="#Page_405">405</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—instances of his credulity, -<a href="#Page_407">407</a>, -<a href="#Page_408">408</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistake made by, -<a href="#Page_422">422</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exclaims against the practices of magic, -<a href="#Page_434">434</a>, -<a href="#Page_450">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Pliny’s graft,” -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plistolochia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plistonicus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plocamus, Annius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plotius, L., betrayed by his perfumes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plough, first use of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ploughing, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62-66</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—seasons for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plover, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Egypt, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plumbago (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Plutarch quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pluto, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pnigitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Po, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Podium, -vi. <a href="#Page_402">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poetry, origin of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poison, animals that live on, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of serpents, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—taken internally, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in rings, -vi. <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poisonous, fungi, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—honey, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polecat, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polemonia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polenta, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poles of the magnet, -vi. <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, -<a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poles, or stakes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poley, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polias, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pollio, Asinius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pollio, Carvilius, -vi. <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pollio, Nævius, the giant, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pollio, Romilius, his old age, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pollio, Vedius, his cruelty, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polyacanthos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polyanthemum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polybius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the voyage of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his history quoted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polycles, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_170">170</a>, -<a href="#Page_183">183</a>, -<a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polycletus, -vi. <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, -<a href="#Page_168">168</a>, -<a href="#Page_171">171</a>, -<a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polycnemon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polycrates, -vi. <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, -<a href="#Page_82">82</a>, -<a href="#Page_386">386</a>, -<a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polycritus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polydorus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polygala, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polygnotus, -vi. <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, -<a href="#Page_185">185</a>, -<a href="#Page_241">241</a>, -<a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polygonatos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polygonoïdes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polygonos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polyidus, -vi. <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polymita, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polypi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416-421</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, -<a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sailing, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their hatred of cunila, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polypodion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polypus of the nose, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polythrix, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polytrichos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Polyzonos, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pomegranate, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>-502.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pomes described, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pometia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pompeii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pompeiopolis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pompeius, Cneius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pompeius Magnus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_390">390</a>, -<a href="#Page_391">391</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his theatre, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—resemblance to him, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his conquests, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pompeius, Sextus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pompholyx, -vi. <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, -<a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pompilos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pomponianus, Scipio, -vi. <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pomponius, Sextus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pomptine Marshes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pontic mouse, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_550" class="ext">550</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pontica, -vi. <a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pontus, animals of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>Also, <a href="#euxine">see</a></em> “Euxine.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Poplar, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for training the vine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poppæa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, -<a href="#Page_403">403</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—bathes in asses’ milk, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the funeral of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poppy, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275-279</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when to sow, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for linen, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Porcelain, -vi. <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Porcupine, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Porphyrio, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_537" class="ext">537</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Porphyrites, -vi. <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Porpoise, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Porrigo, remedies for, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Porsena, King, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, -<a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his Labyrinth, -vi. <a href="#Page_342">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Port Mahon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Portico of Octavia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Porto Fino, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="portents">Portents, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>Also, see</em> “<a href="#magic">Magic</a>,” “<a href="#omens">Omens</a>,” and “<a href="#prodigies">Prodigies</a>.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Portraits, -vi. <a href="#Page_224">224-228</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—waxen, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Porus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Posca, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Posia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Posias, -vi. <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, -<a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Posideum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Posidonius (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Posidonius (philosopher), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Posilippo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Posis, -vi. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Potamaugis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Potamogiton, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poterion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pothos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Potidæa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Potter’s wheel, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pottery, invention of the art of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—works in, -vi. <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, -<a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poultices, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Poultry, the art of cramming, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—law as to, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pozzuolane, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_289">289</a>, -<a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pozzuolo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Præcordia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Prælegare,” meaning of the word, -vi. <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Præneste, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prætetianum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prætexta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prætutia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pramnian wine, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prase, -vi. <a href="#Page_429">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prasii, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prasion (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prasion (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_429">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prasoïdes, -vi. <a href="#Page_427">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prason, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Prata,” derivation of the word, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Praxagoras, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Praxiteles, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_177">177</a>, -<a href="#Page_178">178</a>, -<a href="#Page_272">272</a>, -<a href="#Page_311">311</a>, -<a href="#Page_312">312</a>, -<a href="#Page_313">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Precepts most useful in life, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Precious stones, first use of, -vi. <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—engraving on, -<a href="#Page_389">389</a>, -<a href="#Page_390">390</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—defects in, -vi. <a href="#Page_411">411</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that suddenly make their appearance, -<a href="#Page_461">461</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—artificial, -<a href="#Page_462">462</a>, -<a href="#Page_463">463</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—forms of, -<a href="#Page_462">462</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mode of testing, -<a href="#Page_463">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Precocity, instances of human, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sign of an early death, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pregnancy, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prester, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Prevarication,” meaning of the word, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Priaponnesus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Priapus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prices, of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of drugs, -vi. <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, -<a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—immoderate, of statues, -<a href="#Page_163">163</a>, -<a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Priene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Primary colours, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Primipilus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pristæ, -vi. <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pristis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Privernian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Privet, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prochyta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Procilius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Proconnesus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Procreation at will, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Proculeius, C., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prodigies, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—celestial, -i. 596</li> -<li class="isub1">—connected with trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—connected with the hearth, -vi. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Production of plants, the natural order of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Products of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prœtus, the daughters of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Progeny, numerous, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Progne, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prognostics, as to length of life, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—derived from the sun, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from the moon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from the stars, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from thunder, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from clouds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from mists, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from water, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from tempests, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from aquatic animals and birds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from quadrupeds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from plants, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from food, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Promenade, arched, -vi. <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prometheus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, -<a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Propagation of plants, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461-467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Propolis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Propontis, islands of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Propylæum, -vi. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prose, first writer in, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Proserpin, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Proserpinaca, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prostypa, -vi. <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Protesilaüs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Protogenes, -vi. <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, -<a href="#Page_257">257</a>, -<a href="#Page_258">258</a>, -<a href="#Page_259">259</a>, -<a href="#Page_264">264-267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Protropum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Proverbs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, -<a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pruning, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509-515</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—errors in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prusa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Prusias, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Psetta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pseudoanchusa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pseudobunion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pseudodictamnon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pseudonard, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Psimithium, -vi. <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, -<a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Psittacus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Psoricon, -vi. <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Psychotrophon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Psylli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Psythium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pteris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pteron, -vi. <a href="#Page_317">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pterophoros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pterygia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ptisan, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ptolemæus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ptolemais, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ptyas, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Publicani, -vi. <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, -<a href="#Page_85">85</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Publicius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Public-houses, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Publius Syrus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Puce, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pucinum, wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pulcher, Claudius, -vi. <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pulegium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pulmentarium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pulmo marinus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Puls, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pulsation, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pumpkins, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pumice, -vi. <a href="#Page_365">365</a>, -<a href="#Page_366">366</a>, -<a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Punic apple, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498-502</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Punjaub, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pupils of the eyes, double, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the nature of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Purgatives, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_518" class="ext">518</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Purification, -vi. <a href="#Page_292">292</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the city of Rome, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Purple, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>-450</li> -<li class="isub1">—vestments, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first used at Rome, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Purples, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>-445.</li> - -<li class="indx">Purpurariæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Purpurissum, -vi. <a href="#Page_242">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Purslain, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Purulent eruptions, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Puteal, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Puteoli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pycnocomon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pydna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pygargus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pygmies, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pylos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyracantha, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrallis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyramids of Egypt, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_335">335-338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrausta, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyren, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrenees, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrgoteles, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrites, -vi. <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyromachus, -vi. <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, -<a href="#Page_183">183</a>, -<a href="#Page_184">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyropus, -vi. <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrosachne, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrrhic dance, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrrho, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrrhocorax, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrrhopœcilon, -vi. <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyrrhus, King, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his jewel, -vi. <a href="#Page_387">387</a>, -<a href="#Page_388">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pythagoras (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, -<a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pythagoras, the philosopher, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his opinion on beans, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his work on plants, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his visit to the East, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pythagorean philosophers, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pythagorean philosophy, the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pytheas (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pytheas, the geographer, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pythius, -vi. <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pythonoscome, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Pyxacanthus, Chironian, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">Q.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quadrupeds, prognostics derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quails, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_504" class="ext">504</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—subject to epilepsy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—not eaten, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quartz, -vi. <a href="#Page_371">371</a>, -<a href="#Page_372">372</a>, -<a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Queen-bee, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quercus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quicklime, -vi. <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quicksets, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quicksilver, swallowing of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—description of, -vi. <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, -<a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quinces, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quincunx, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quindecimviri, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quinquatria, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quinquefolium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quintii, family of the, -vi. <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quinzy, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Quorra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">R.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rabbits, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Bætica have a double liver, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rabelais quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rachias, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Radicula, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Radishes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161-165</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215-218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ragwort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Raia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rain, place where there is none, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its influence upon plants, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—signs of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rainbow, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its influence, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rain-water, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Raisin wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Raisins of the sun, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ram, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in love with a woman, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rameses, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rampions, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ranunculus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rape, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Raphanos agria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rascasse, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Raspberry, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ratumenna, the horses of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Raurici, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Raven, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—speaking, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_524" class="ext">524</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_525" class="ext">525</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for hunting, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_525" class="ext">525</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ravenna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Razors, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Razor-sheath, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_547" class="ext">547</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Realgar, -vi. <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, -<a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reaping-hook, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reate, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—asses of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Receding of the sea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reclining-chairs, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Red hair, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Red ochre. <em><a href="#Ochre">See</a></em> “Ochre.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Red Sea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gulfs of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—monsters of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trees of, iii. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—plants of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—marvels of, -vi. <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, -<a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reddle, -vi. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rediculus, the field of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_525" class="ext">525</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Red-throat, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reed-beds, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reeds, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>-409; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gigantic, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—scented, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Regal unguent, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reggio, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Regillus, Lake, -vi. <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Register of the Triumphs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Regret, deaths from, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Regulus, Atilius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reindeer, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Relief, -vi. <a href="#Page_454">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Religious ideas attached to certain parts of the body, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Religious observances, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Remedies derived from man, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from the dead, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Remora, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, -<a href="#Page_3">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rennet, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Repositorium, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reproduction of stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reseda, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Resemblance, of children to parents, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—strong, instances of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>-148.</li> - -<li class="indx">Resin, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cedar, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—medicinal properties of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Respiration, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of insects, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of fish, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reticulated building, -vi. <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Revolutions of the planets, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27-31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rex, Q. Marcius, -vi. <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rex Sacrorum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reynolds, Sir Joshua, quoted, -vi. <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhacoma, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhagiane, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhamnos (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhamnus (place), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhamsesis, -vi. <a href="#Page_331">331</a>, -<a href="#Page_332">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhætian wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhenus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhegium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhine, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhinoceros, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhinocolura, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhion, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhizophora mangle, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhodanus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhodes, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Colossus of, -vi. <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhodinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhoditis, -vi. <a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhododendron, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhodope, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhodopis, -vi. <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhodussæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhœas, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhœcus, -vi. <a href="#Page_283">283</a>, -<a href="#Page_342">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhœteum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhoïtes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhombus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhone, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhopalon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhubarb, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—erythros, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rhysaddir, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ribes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rice, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Riches, immense, instances of, -vi. <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, -<a href="#Page_94">94</a>, -<a href="#Page_129">129</a>, -<a href="#Page_130">130</a>, -<a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ricinus (plant), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ridicule, how expressed, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rimini, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ringdove, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_518" class="ext">518</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rings, curtain, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gold, -vi. <a href="#Page_71">71-75</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—right of wearing, -<a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how worn, -<a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Riphæan Mountains, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Risardir, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">River-crab, -vi. <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">River-frog, -vi. <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">River-snail, -vi. <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rivers, wonders of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131-138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Roach, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rob, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Robigalia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Robur, excrescences of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rocket (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rocks split with vinegar, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rodarum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rome, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sway of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—tutelary deity of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—siege of, by the Gauls, -vi. <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, -<a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—painters of, -<a href="#Page_229">229</a>, -<a href="#Page_230">230</a>, -<a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—paintings exhibited at, -<a href="#Page_231">231</a>-234</li> -<li class="isub1">—marvellous buildings at, -<a href="#Page_345">345</a>-355.</li> - -<li class="indx">Romulus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his inspection of wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—and Remus, suckled by a wolf, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Roots, of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—loosening of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of plants, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—plants without, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ropes, materials for, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Roscius, the actor, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rosemary, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Roses, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310-314</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Pæstum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oil of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rostra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rostrum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Royal disease, why jaundice was so called, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rubellio, -vi. <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rubellite, -vi. <a href="#Page_405">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Rubeta">Rubeta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rubia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rubico, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Rubric,” the word, -vi. <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rubrica, -vi. <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, -<a href="#Page_236">236</a>, -<a href="#Page_237">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rubrius, the actor, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ruby, -vi. <a href="#Page_420">420-425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rue, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252-256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rufus, Julius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rufus, Messala, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rufus, P. Cornelius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rufus, Suillius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rufus, Vibius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rumex, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ruminalis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rumination, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_550" class="ext">550</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rumpotinus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Runners have the spleen cauterized, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rupicapra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ruptures, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ruscus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—hypophyllum, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_518" class="ext">518</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rush, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sweet-scented, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rust, -vi. <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, -<a href="#Page_210">210</a>, -<a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rut, earth from a, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rutubis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rutupæ, oysters of, -vi. <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Rye, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">S.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saave, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saba, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabæi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabbath, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabelli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabini, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabinus Fabianus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabinus, Masurius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabinus, Titius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabis, the divinity, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabota, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sabrata, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sacæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sacal, -vi. <a href="#Page_399">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saccharon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sachets, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sacopenium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sacrament, the Holy, a possible reference to, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sacred rites, wines not used in, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sæpia (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ink of the, -<a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sæpia (colour), -vi. <a href="#Page_241">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sætabis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saffron, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saffron-water, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sagapenon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sagaris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sagda, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sage, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sagmen, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saguntum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Temple at, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sailcloth, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sails, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saïs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sala, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salads, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salamander, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_545" class="ext">545</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_546" class="ext">546</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eaten by the wild boar, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—poisonous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salamis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salarian Way, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salerno, School of health at, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salernum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salicastrum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salii, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salinuca, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salivation, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sallee, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sallustius Dionysius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_523" class="ext">523</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salmon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saloniani, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salpa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salpe, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salsugo, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salt, why the sea is, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a></li> - -<li class="isub1">—towers of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—good for cattle, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—water, plants benefited by, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500-506</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—nature of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509-512</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—“Salt,” figurative use of the word, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salted cake, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salted fish, -vi. <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, -<a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salted wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saltpans, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saltpetre, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salvia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salvitto, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Salvius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Samaria described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sammonium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Samnites, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their arms, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Samolus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Samos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—earth of, -vi. <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—stone of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_365">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Samosata, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Samothrace, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—rings of, -vi. <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Samothracia (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sampsuchinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sampsuchum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sancus, the divinity, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sand, used in bread, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for cutting marble, -vi. <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for making glass, -<a href="#Page_379">379</a>, -<a href="#Page_381">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sandalides, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sandaliotis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sandaraca, -vi. <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, -<a href="#Page_239">239</a>, -<a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sandaraca (of bees), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sandaresos, -vi. <a href="#Page_424">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sandastros, -vi. <a href="#Page_423">423</a>, -<a href="#Page_424">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sandix, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sangarius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sangenon, -vi. <a href="#Page_417">417</a>, -<a href="#Page_436">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sangualis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sanguiculus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sanguinaria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sanguisuga, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sanni Heniochi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Santarem, -vi. <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Santerna, -vi. <a href="#Page_110">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saone, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sap of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sapa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—lees of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sapenos, -vi. <a href="#Page_433">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sapphire, -vi. <a href="#Page_420">420</a>, -<a href="#Page_427">427</a>, -<a href="#Page_434">434</a>, -<a href="#Page_435">435</a>, -<a href="#Page_437">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sapphiros, -vi. <a href="#Page_432">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sappho, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sappinia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saraceni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saracens, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sarcitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sarcocolla, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sarcophagus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sarda, -vi. <a href="#Page_418">418</a>, -<a href="#Page_420">420</a>, -<a href="#Page_425">425</a>, -<a href="#Page_426">426</a>, -<a href="#Page_443">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sardanapalus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sardes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sardines, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sardinia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—earth of, -vi. <a href="#Page_300">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sardonic laugh, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sardonyx, -vi. <a href="#Page_387">387</a>, -<a href="#Page_417">417</a>, -<a href="#Page_418">418</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sarepta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saripha, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sarmatæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their horses, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sarmati, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Samiatia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saronic Gulf, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_285" class="ext">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sarpedon, his letter, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sarsaparilla plant, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sartago, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sasernæ, the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_554" class="ext">554</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sasonis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Satarchæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Satrapies, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saturnia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saturninus, L. Volusius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Satyrion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Satyrs">Satyrs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Satyrus, -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sauritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sauromatæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saurus (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_322">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saurus (fish), -vi. <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Savin, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Savus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sawfish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saxifragum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Saxum, -vi. <a href="#Page_300">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scævola, Q. Mutius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scalabis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scaldis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scales, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fish without, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scales of iron, -vi. <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, -<a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scallions, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scallops, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, -<a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scamander, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scammony, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scandia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scandinavia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the island of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scandix, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scapus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scarabæus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—nasicornis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scaritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scars, obliteration of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scarus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scaurus, M., -vi. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, -<a href="#Page_306">306</a>, -<a href="#Page_307">307</a>, -<a href="#Page_349">349</a>, -<a href="#Page_350">350</a>, -<a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scenitæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scepsis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scheda, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Schillerspath, -vi. <a href="#Page_412">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Schirri, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Schistos, -vi. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Schœni, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Schorl, -vi. <a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sciadeus, -vi. <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sciæna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sciapodæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sciatica, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scilly Islands, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scincus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scinde, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scio, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scipio Africanus, the Elder, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scipio Africanus, the Younger, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_525" class="ext">525</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his funeral mentioned, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the first who shaved constantly, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scipio, L., Asiaticus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scipio, L., his memory, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scipio, Metellus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scipios, nickname given to the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scironian Rocks, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scolex of copper, -vi. <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, -<a href="#Page_198">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scolopendra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scolymos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scomber, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scopa regia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scopas, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scops, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scordotis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scoria of copper, -vi. <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scoria of lead, -vi. <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scorpæna, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scorpio (plant), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scorpion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which injures the natives only, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—winged, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for the sting of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scorpion-fly, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scorpion-grass, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scorpitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scorpiuron, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Screech-owl, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—with teats, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scripture quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, -<a href="#Page_79">79</a>, -<a href="#Page_115">115</a>, -<a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scrofa, G. Tremellius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scrofula, why so called, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sculptors, celebrated, -vi. <a href="#Page_308">308-323</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sculptures at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_315">315</a>, -<a href="#Page_316">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scumbling, -vi. <a href="#Page_263">263</a>, -<a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scutari, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scutcheons, grafting by, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scybelites, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scylacium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scylla, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scyllæum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scyllis, -vi. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, -<a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scyritæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scyros, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_319" class="ext">319</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scythe, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scythia, described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the peoples and tribes of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the animals of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scythian Ocean, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scythians, their cavalry, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—poison their arrows, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scythice, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Scythopolis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea, the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—receding of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ebb and flow of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124-128</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—largest animals in, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—monsters of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animals of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a list of, -vi. <a href="#Page_59">59-65</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—water of, mixed with wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—voyages by, advantages of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-blackbird, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-cabbage, -iv <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-calf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-dogs, or dogfish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-dragon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-eagle, great, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-elephant, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-fennel, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-fish, when first eaten at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-fleas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>,</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-fox, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-frog, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-hare, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, -<a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-holly, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-kite, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-lice, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-lizard, -vi. <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-locust, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-lungs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-men, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-mew, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-mice, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-monster to which Andromeda was exposed, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-needle, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-nettle, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-ram, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-raven, -vi. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-scallop, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-scorpion, -vi. <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-serpents, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-snails, preserves for, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-sparrow, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-spider, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-stars, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-swallow, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-thrush, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-trees, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-urchin, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-weasel, -vi. <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-weed, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-wheels, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-wolves, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sea-wort, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seals (animals), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, -<a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seals (for letters), -vi. <a href="#Page_389">389</a>, -<a href="#Page_390">390</a>, -<a href="#Page_431">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sealskin, -vi. <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seasons, the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for sowing, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—epochs of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—signs of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sebaste, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sebastia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sebennys, wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sebosus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Secale, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Secundilla, the giantess, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Secundus, Pomponius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Securidaca, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sedigitæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sedition caused by a raven speaking, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_524" class="ext">524</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sedum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seed, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quality of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—at what age unproductive, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seed-plots, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464-467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Segesta, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Segobriga, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Segontia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Σελάχη</span>, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Selago, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Selenite, -vi. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, -<a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Selenitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Selenomancy, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seleucia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seleucides, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Selgicum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Selinus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Selinusian earth, -vi. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sellæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Semiramis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in love with a horse, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Semnion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Semper mustum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seneca, L., Annæus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Senogallia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Senones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Senses, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_546" class="ext">546</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_547" class="ext">547</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sensitive plant, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sensitiveness of water animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sentiments, expression of the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sentius, C., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sepiussa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seplasia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_143">143</a>, -<a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seps, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Septa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Septentrional Ocean, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Septimuleius, -vi. <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Septuagint, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sepulchres adorned with chaplets, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sequani, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seræ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serapias, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serapio, -vi. <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serapion, the philosopher, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serenus, Annæus, poisoned, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seres, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, -<a href="#Page_465">465</a>, -<a href="#Page_466">466</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sergius, M., his valour, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sergius, Paulus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serica, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serichatum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seriphium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_41">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seriphus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seris, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serpent-charmers, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serpentine, -vi. <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serpents, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their power of fascination, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of immense size, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their combats with stags, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that injure strangers only, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oviparous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_540" class="ext">540</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—produced from human marrow, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_545" class="ext">545</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how driven away, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—suck eggs, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_548" class="ext">548</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—liking for wine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—attacked by the spider, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_552" class="ext">552</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—affection shown by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_552" class="ext">552</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—teeth of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—poison of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—with feet, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eaten by swine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a shrub full of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their antipathy to certain trees, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for injuries inflicted by, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serpents’ eggs (adder gems), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serpents’ Island, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serrani, family of the, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serranus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serratula, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sertorius, Q., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—and the white hind, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Serum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Servia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Servility condemned, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Servius on Virgil quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Servius Tullius, King, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sesambri, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sesame, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sesamoïdes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sesculysses, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Seselis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sesostris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sesothes, -vi. <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sestos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Setia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Setine wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sevenfold echo, -vi. <a href="#Page_345">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Severus, Cassius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sewers at Rome, -vi. <a href="#Page_347">347</a>, -<a href="#Page_348">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sex, indications of, before birth, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—changes of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—children of one, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of issue, how ensured, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sextiæ, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sextilius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sexual congress, the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sexual parts of animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sexual passions, stimulants of the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>And <a href="#aphrod">see</a></em> “Aphrodisiacs.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Shad, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shadows, when and where there are none, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—thrown by trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shaking lands, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shakspeare quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shame, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sharks, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>And <a href="#Dogfish">see</a></em> “Dog-fish.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Shaving, the practice of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sheba, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sheep, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their propagation, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—covered, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—colonic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their wool, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—shapes of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">She-goat, destructive to the olive, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shell-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—why honoured at Cnidos, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—generation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shells of Venus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shepherd’s dog, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shields, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—with portraits, -vi. <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, -<a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shingles (disease), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shingles (for building), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ships, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of war, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—building of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—colouring of, -vi. <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shiverings, cold, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shoes, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mullet-coloured, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shooting stars, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shop-paper, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shortlived trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shortness of life, indications of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shoulders, remedies for diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Showers of milk, blood, flesh, iron, wool, and tiles, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shrewmouse, its bite venomous, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shrubs, wines made from, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for training the vine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495-517</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Shushan, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sibyl, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—her books, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sicelicon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sicily described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_216" class="ext">216</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sickle, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sicyon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Side, which is the strongest, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for pains and affections in the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sideboards, -vi. <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, -<a href="#Page_135">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sideration, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_520" class="ext">520</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siderite, -vi. <a href="#Page_407">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siderites, -vi. <a href="#Page_407">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sideritis (plant), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sideritis (a stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, -<a href="#Page_454">454</a>, -<a href="#Page_456">456</a>, -<a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sideropœcilos, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>, -<a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sidon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siege, usages at, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sieve, plants that grow in a, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siga, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sigeum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_308" class="ext">308</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sight, acuteness of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—theory of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mole destitute of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of snails, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sigilmessa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Signets, -vi. <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, -<a href="#Page_79">79</a>, -<a href="#Page_81">81</a>, -<a href="#Page_389">389</a>, -<a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Signia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Signine composition, -vi. <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Signine wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Signum, -vi. <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siguenza, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sikhs, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sil, -vi. <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, -<a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silanion, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silanus, D., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silanus, M., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silaüs, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sile, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siler, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silex, -vi. <a href="#Page_371">371</a>, -<a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sili, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silicia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siligo, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siliqua, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siliquastrum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silk, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—or cotton, alluded to, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—vestments of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—chaplets of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_309" class="ext">309</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silkworm, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—larvæ of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Cos, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sillig, his labours on Pliny, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sillybum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Silo,” the name, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silphium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silures, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silurus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silver, used on the stage, -vi. <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how found, -<a href="#Page_111">111</a>, -<a href="#Page_112">112</a>, -<a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—scoria of, -<a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gilding of, -<a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—testing of, -<a href="#Page_125">125</a>, -<a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—colouring and enamelling of, -<a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various uses of, -<a href="#Page_137">137</a>, -<a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—artists in, -<a href="#Page_138">138</a>, -<a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silver chalk, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silver lead, -vi. <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silver mines, -vi. <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Silver plate, luxury in, -vi. <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, -<a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—frugality of the ancients in, -<a href="#Page_132">132</a>, -<a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—enormous prices of, -<a href="#Page_135">135</a>, -<a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Simia hamadryas, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Simiæ, menstruation of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Similago, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Simoïs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Simon, -vi. <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Simonides, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Simonides, the Younger, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Simus, the writer, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Simus,” the name, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sindbad, the Sailor, and the story of Aristomenes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sindos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sinews, remedies for diseases and affections of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Singara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Singing, aided by plates of lead, -vi. <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="singingbirds">Singing of birds, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how prevented, -vi. <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sinigaglia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Sinister,” meaning of the word, -vi. <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sinon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sinope, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sinopis, -vi. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, -<a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sinuessa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siphnus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sipontum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sipylum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siræum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sirbonian Lake, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sirbytum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sirenes (bees), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sirens, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Siriasis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sirius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sisymbrium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sittacene, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Size, instances of unusual, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Skarpanto, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Skate, -vi. <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Skin, coverings of the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Skirrets, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166-169</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_220" class="ext">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sky, colours of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—rattling of arms in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Slabs of marble, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Slave-dealing, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Slavery, introduction of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Slaves, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>; -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_129" class="ext">129</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sold at high prices, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_185" class="ext">185</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sleep, of fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of other animals, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_552" class="ext">552</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_553" class="ext">553</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the mind retiring into itself in, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_553" class="ext">553</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animals without, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—provocatives of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Slips, propagation by, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Slugs, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smaragdus, -vi. <a href="#Page_388">388</a>, -<a href="#Page_408">408</a>, -<a href="#Page_414">414</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smarides, -vi. <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smegma, -vi. <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smell of juices, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smilax, the maiden, and the youth Crocus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smilax, the plant, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smilis, -vi. <a href="#Page_342">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smintheus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smoked wines, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smoke-plant, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smoking, instances of the practice of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smoothing of paper, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smyrna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smyrnium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Smyrus, -vi. <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Snails, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—valued as a food, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—destitute of sight, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used as a diet, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Snapdragon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sneezing, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Snow, region of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—reddened by insects, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for cooling water, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Snow-partridge, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Snow-water, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soap, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soapstone, -vi. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, -<a href="#Page_458">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soapwort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Social War, -vi. <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Socondion, -vi. <a href="#Page_433">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Socrates (artist), -vi. <a href="#Page_277">277</a>, -<a href="#Page_318">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Socrates (philosopher), his sedateness, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the wisest of men, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how put to death, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soft fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soft stones, -vi. <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sogdiani, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soils, the various kinds of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446-455</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—crops adapted to certain, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Solanum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soldering of metals, -vi. <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sole (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Solecism,” origin of the word, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Solen, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_547" class="ext">547</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soles of the feet, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—perfumed, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Solinus quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a mistake by, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Solipuga, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Solis gemma, -vi. <a href="#Page_456">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Solo, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Solstice, the winter, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the summer, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92-97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Solstitial grapes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Somphus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sonchos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sonticus morbus, -vi. <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sophocles, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his burial, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his death, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works quoted, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soracte, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soranus, Valerius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sorbs, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_314" class="ext">314</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soriculata, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sornatius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sorrel, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_287" class="ext">287</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sorus, -vi. <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sory, -vi. <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, -<a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sosigenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sosimenes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sostratus, -vi. <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, -<a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sotacus, -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sotades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sotira, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Souchet, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Soul, its immortality denied, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in plants, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sour apples, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sour-krout, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Southernwood, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sow, womb of the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a great delicacy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sow-bread, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sow-thistle, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sowing, rotation in, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—seed required for, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—proper times for, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—winter, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spa, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spagas, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spain described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how colonized, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its minerals, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its high rank among nations, -vi. <a href="#Page_465">465</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spalatro, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spanish broom, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sparganion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sparrow, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_518" class="ext">518</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sparta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spartacus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spartel, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sparus, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spartopolias, -vi. <a href="#Page_460">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spartum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139-142</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spathe, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_496" class="ext">496</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Specillum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Specular iron, -vi. <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, -<a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Specular stone, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, -<a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spells. <em><a href="#magic">See</a></em> “Magic.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Spelt, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sperchius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphacos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphæromancy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphæx, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphagnos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphere, invention of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphingia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphingium, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphinx, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, -<a href="#Page_389">389</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Egyptian, -<a href="#Page_336">336</a>, -<a href="#Page_337">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphondyle, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphragis, -vi. <a href="#Page_237">237</a>, -<a href="#Page_431">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sphyrene, -vi. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spiders, attack the serpent, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_552" class="ext">552</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their webs, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—generation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spignel, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spikenard, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spilumene, -vi. <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spina regia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spinal marrow, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spinelle ruby, -vi. <a href="#Page_420">420</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spinning, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spinther, the actor, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spinturnix, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spiræ, -vi. <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spissum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spitter, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spitting of blood, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_343" class="ext">343</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spittle, human, kills serpents, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—particulars relative to, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of females, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Splanchnoptes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spleen, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animals without, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cauterized in runners, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—small in certain animals, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for diseases and affections of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_181" class="ext">181</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, -<a href="#Page_42">42</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spleenwort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Splenion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spodium, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, -<a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of lead, -<a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spodos, -vi. <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, -<a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spoleto, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spoletum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spondylium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spondylus, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sponges, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519-522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spongites, -vi. <a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spongitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sponsalia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spontaneous growth of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spoonbill, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sporades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spotted marble, -vi. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sprains, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spring flowers, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Spring-wagtail, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Springs, hot. <em><a href="#Hotsprings">See</a></em> “Hot springs.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Spurge, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Squalls, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Squalus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Squatina, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Squill, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—vinegar, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Squillace, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Squinting, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Squirrel, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stabiæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stachys, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stacte, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stag-beetle, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used as an amulet, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stagira, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stagmint, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stagonia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stagonitis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stags, an account of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299-302</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ruminate, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—maggots in their brain, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—with four kidneys, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stag-wolf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stakes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stalactites, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Standard of the Roman legions, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stanko, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stannum, -vi. <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, -<a href="#Page_214">214</a>, -<a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Staphis, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Staphyle, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Staphylinos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Staphylodendron, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Staphylus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Starch, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Starfish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Starlings, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_524" class="ext">524</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stars, an account of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25-31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_42" class="ext">42-50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—first observations of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their influence on fish, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—arrangement of, according to days and nights, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74-77</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—rising and setting of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_120" class="ext">120</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Star-thistle, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Statice, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Statine wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Statonian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Statue, plants growing on the head of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Statues, of gold, -vi. <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, -<a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of silver, -<a href="#Page_136">136</a>, -<a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of brass, -<a href="#Page_154">154-158</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of iron, -<a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the heads of, changed, -<a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Statyellæ, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Steatitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_458">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Steatomata, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stelephuros, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stelis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stellio, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—figurative use of the name, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stemmata, -vi. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stems of plants, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_356" class="ext">356</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stephaneplocos, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stephanomelis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stephanus, -vi. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stephanusa, -vi. <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stergethron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sterile trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sterility, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97-101</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stertinius, Q., -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stesichorus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sthenelus, Acilius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sthennis, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stibi, -vi. <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, -<a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stilo, Ælius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stimmi, -vi. <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, -<a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sting-ray. <em><a href="#Pastinaca">See</a></em> “Pastinaca.”</li> - -<li class="indx">“Stipendium,” meaning of the word, -vi. <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stobolon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stobrum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stœbe, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stœchades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stœchas, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Stolo,” origin of the name, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stolo, Licinius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stomach, an account of the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for pains and affections of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stomatice, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stomoma, -vi. <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, -<a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone, reproduction of, -vi. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone of Armenia, -vi. <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone of Assos, -vi. <a href="#Page_357">357</a>, -<a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone of Naxos, -vi. <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone of Scyros, -vi. <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone of Siphnos, -vi. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone of Tibur, -vi. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone-crop, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone-moss, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone-quarries, when first opened, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stones of fruit, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stones, showers of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stonework, various kinds of, -vi. <a href="#Page_372">372</a>, -<a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Storax, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Storks, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Strabo,” meaning of the name, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strabo, his acute vision, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strabo, the geographer, his birth-place, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his work quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_323" class="ext">323</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_4" class="ext">4</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strabo of Lampsacus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strainers for wine, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strategies, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stratiotes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stratonice, -vi. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, -<a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stratonicus, -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_184">184</a>, -<a href="#Page_185">185</a>, -<a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strawberry, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_320" class="ext">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strength, instances of extraordinary, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strepsiceros, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strictura, -vi. <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strigil, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strix, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strix scops, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strombi, -vi. <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stromboli, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strongyle, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strongylion, -vi. <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, -<a href="#Page_184">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strophiolum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strumus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Struthea, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Struthiocamelus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Struthion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Struthopodes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Strychnon">Strychnon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Strymon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stubbing, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stucco, -vi. <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Studiosus, the gladiator, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Studious men, hellebore for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stuppa, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sturgeon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stymmata, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stymphalis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stymphalus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Styptics, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Styx, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suani, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_11" class="ext">11</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suari, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Subdialis, -vi. <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Subiaco, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Subis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Subjugus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sublaqueum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sublician Bridge, -vi. <a href="#Page_345">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Subsolanus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Subtegulana, -vi. <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Subulo, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suckers of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suculæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sudines, -vi. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sudis, -vi. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sudras, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suessa Pometia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its destruction, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suessiones, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suet, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suetonius Paulinus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suevi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suez, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suffocations, hysterical, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sugar, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Suilli, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sulmo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sulphate of lime, -vi. <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sulphur, -vi. <a href="#Page_291">291</a>, -<a href="#Page_292">292</a>, -<a href="#Page_293">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sulphur-wort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sulpicius Gallus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sulpicius, Servius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sumach, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for preparing leather, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Summanus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Summer flowers, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Summer honey, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sun, an account of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_39" class="ext">39</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_50" class="ext">50</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—several seen at once, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from the, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sun-dial, the first at Rome, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in the Campus Martius, -vi. <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, -<a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sunfish, -vi. <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sunflower, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sunium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Supercilia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Superficies, how calculated by Pliny, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Superfœtation, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_543" class="ext">543</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Supernatia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Superstition, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_23" class="ext">23</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Superstitions. <em>See</em> “<a href="#Absurdities">Absurdities</a>,” and “<a href="#magic">Magic</a>.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Superstitious beliefs, relative to animals, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_366" class="ext">366</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of various kinds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283-286</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_298" class="ext">298</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Supplication, attitudes of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sura, Mamilius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_554" class="ext">554</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sura, the proconsul, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Surnames, derived from trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from agriculture, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Surrentum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sus babiroussa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Susa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Susinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sutlej, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Swallows, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—avoid the city of Thebes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used for carrying messages, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_513" class="ext">513</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_514" class="ext">514</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—at the mouth of the Nile, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_514" class="ext">514</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—incapable of being taught, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Swallow-wort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Swammerdam quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Swans, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_502" class="ext">502</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their singing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_503" class="ext">503</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sweat, the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sweet apples, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sweet wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sweet-scented calamus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sweet-scented rush, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sweet-wort, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Swiftness, in runners, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="Swine">Swine, living, gnawed by mice, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_76" class="ext">76</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Illyricum, have solid hoofs, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eat serpents, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their mode of feeding, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the grease of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_325" class="ext">325</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Swordfish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syagri, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sybaris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the destruction of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_163" class="ext">163</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the cavalry of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sybaris, the river, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syce, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_261" class="ext">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sycitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syene, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>— -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sygaros, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sylla, the Dictator, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_323">323</a>, -<a href="#Page_389">389</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his success and dreadful death, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his memoirs, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his triumph, -vi. <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Symboli, Port of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syme, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sympathy, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>; vi. -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Symphyton petræon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Symplegades, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Symplegma, -vi. <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Synnephitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_449">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Synochitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Synodontitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>, -<a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Synodus, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syphax, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syracuse, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syrbotæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syreon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syria described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Antiochia described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the trees of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syricum, -vi. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syrie, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syringia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_405" class="ext">405</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syringitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syrites, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_165" class="ext">165</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syrtes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Syrtitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">T.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tabanus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Table-napkins, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">1</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of asbestus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tables, large, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tablets, writing, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tacapa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its fertility, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tachos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tacitus, Cornelius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tacitus, the historian, quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_347" class="ext">347</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tacompsos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tadmor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tadpoles, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tænarum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tagasta, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tagliamento, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tagus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tails, men with, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of insects, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of animals, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Talc, -vi. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, -<a href="#Page_369">369</a>, -<a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Talgæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tallies, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tallow, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Talpona, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tamarica, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tamaricus, river, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tamarindus Indica, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tamarisk, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tamarix, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taminia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_446" class="ext">446</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tanagra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tanaïs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_327" class="ext">327</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tanaquil, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tanarus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tangier, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tannin, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tanning, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tanos, -vi. <a href="#Page_413">413</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taos, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tapeworm, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taphiusan stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taphræ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taposiris, -vi. <a href="#Page_41">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taprobane, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tar, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—water, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarandrus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarantula, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarbelli, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarda, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarentine red, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarquinii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Lake of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarquinius Priscus, -vi. <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, -<a href="#Page_229">229</a>, -<a href="#Page_347">347</a>, -<a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarquinius Superbus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarquitius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarraco, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarragona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarshish, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarsus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tartessos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarutius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tarvisium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tasitia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tattooing, practice of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—a probable allusion to, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taurica, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taurini, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tauriscus, -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_318">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tauromenian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tauron, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taurus (bird), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_522" class="ext">522</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taurus (range of), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taxilla, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Taygetus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teal, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teats, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teazel, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tecolithos, -vi. <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, -<a href="#Page_443">443</a>, -<a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tectæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tectosages, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teeth, the human, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—superstition as to, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—serrated, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—canine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—hollow, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of fish, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of serpents, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of other animals, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—marvels connected with, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cut in old age, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—double row of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—never changed, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—age of animals estimated from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—human, venom in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_146" class="ext">146</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from the human, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tegea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_286" class="ext">286</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Telchius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Telephanes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Telephion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Telephus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Telestis, -vi. <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Telinum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Telis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Telmessus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Telmissus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tembrogius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Temetum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Temesvar, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tempe, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Tempests, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Temples, ornaments of, made of brass, -vi. <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—marvels connected with, -<a href="#Page_344">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Temsa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Temulentia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tenedos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teneriffe, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tenesmus, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tenites, -vi. <a href="#Page_436">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tenos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tents (surgical), -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_520" class="ext">520</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tentyra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tentyris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tentyritæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tephrias, -vi. <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tephritis, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Terebinth, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Terebinthine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teredo, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_367" class="ext">367</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Terence quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tereus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tergeste, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tergilla, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Terpander, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Terrace-pavements, -vi. <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Terracina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Terrestrial animals, generation of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_540" class="ext">540</a>-544.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tesseræ or watchwords, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Testes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—injuries of the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Testudo, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tethalassomenon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tethea, -vi. <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tetrao, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tetrarchies, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tettigometra, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tettigonia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teucer, the artist, -vi. <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teucer, the hero, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teuchites, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teucria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teuthalis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teuthrion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_326" class="ext">326</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Teutoni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Text of Pliny, its defective state, -vi. <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thalami, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thalassægle, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thalassites, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thalassomeli, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_498" class="ext">498</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thales, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_37" class="ext">37</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thalictrum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thamyris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thapsia, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thapsus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thasos, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—grapes of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theamedes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, -<a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theangalis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theatre, of Pompeius, -vi. <a href="#Page_350">350</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Scaurus, -<a href="#Page_163">163</a>, -<a href="#Page_349">349</a>, -<a href="#Page_350">350</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theatres, awnings for, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—saffron-water used in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thebaic stone, -vi. <a href="#Page_331">331</a>, -<a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thebaïs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thebasa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thebes, in Bœotia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the taking of, -vi. <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thebes, the Corsian, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_277" class="ext">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thebes, in Egypt, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_343">343</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thebes, in Thessaly, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thelycardios, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thelygonon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thelyphonon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218-221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thelypteris, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thelyrrhizos, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Themiscyra described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Themison, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theobrotion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_66" class="ext">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theochrestus, -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theodorus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, -<a href="#Page_283">283</a>, -<a href="#Page_342">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theodosia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theomenes, -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theomnestus, -vi. <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, -<a href="#Page_188">188</a>, -<a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theon, -vi. <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theon Ochema, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theophrastus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_525" class="ext">525</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, -<a href="#Page_461">461</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theopompus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_150" class="ext">150</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theramne, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theriaca, grapes of the, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_463" class="ext">463</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theriace, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—composition of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Therimachus, -vi. <a href="#Page_169">169</a>, -<a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Therionarca, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thermæ, Gulf of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thermopylæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Theseus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_289" class="ext">289</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thesion, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thesmophoria, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thespiades, -vi. <a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thespiæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thesproti, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_271" class="ext">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thessalonica, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thessalus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thessaly described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its witchcraft, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thibii, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thieldones, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_322" class="ext">322</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thirst, successfully resisted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how prevented in Gætulia, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_550" class="ext">550</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how allayed, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thistles, various kinds of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thlaspi, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thomna, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thorn, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43-46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thorn, Egyptian, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thorn, Indian, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thorn, royal, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thorn, thirsty, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thorybethron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thoth, the Egyptian month, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thrace described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thracia (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thranis, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thrasimenus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thrason, -vi. <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thrasyllus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thread, gold, -vi. <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Threshing-floor, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thrissa, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Throat, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for affections of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thrushes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_509" class="ext">509</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fattened, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thryallis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thryselinum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thucydides, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_175" class="ext">175</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thule, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_145" class="ext">145</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thunder, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80-83</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_86" class="ext">86</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—ascribed to Jupiter, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—prognostics from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—truffles produced by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thurii, wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thyatira, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thymbræum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thyme, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_332" class="ext">332</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_376" class="ext">376</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thymelæa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thynias, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_22" class="ext">22</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thynni, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thynnis, -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thyon, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thyrea, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thyrsus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Thysdris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiber, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_192" class="ext">192</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiberias, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiberius, the Emperor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_264" class="ext">264</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, -<a href="#Page_234">234</a>, -<a href="#Page_381">381</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—could see in the dark, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tibur, stone of, -vi. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiburnus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ticks, various kinds of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tides, an account of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124-128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tifernum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>,</li> - -<li class="indx">Tifernus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiga, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tigers, when first seen at Rome, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their nature, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_276" class="ext">276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tigranes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tigranocerta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tigress, instinct of the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tigrinæ, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tigris, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiles, the invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -vi. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiliaventum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timæus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, -<a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timagenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timanthes, -vi. <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, -<a href="#Page_254">254</a>, -<a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timarchides, -vi. <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timarchus, -vi. <a href="#Page_170">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timarete, -vi. <a href="#Page_249">249</a>, -<a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timaris, -vi. <a href="#Page_455">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timaristus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timavus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timber, felling of -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Time, Roman reckoning of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Time-pieces, the first, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timictonia, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timocles, -vi. <a href="#Page_170">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timomachus, -vi. <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timon the misanthrope, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timosthenes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timotheus, the musician, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Timotheus, the sculptor, -vi. <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, -<a href="#Page_316">316</a>, -<a href="#Page_317">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tin, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—first use of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -vi. <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tinea, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tingi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tinning, -vi. <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tinnunculus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tinting of flowers, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tinus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tipasa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiphe, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiresias, -vi. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiridates, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiro, Sabinus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_204" class="ext">204</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiro, Tullius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tiryns, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tisicrates, -vi. <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, -<a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—colouring of, -<a href="#Page_282">282</a>, -<a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tithymalis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tithymalon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tithymalos, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177-180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Titidius Labeo, -vi. <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Titles of Greek works, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Titus, the Emperor, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tlepolemus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tmolus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toad, -vi. <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>See also</em> “<a href="#Bramblefrog">Bramble-frog</a>,” and “<a href="#Rubeta">Rubeta</a>.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Tobit, cure of his father’s blindness, -vi. <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toes, eight on each foot, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toga, statues clad in the, -vi. <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toga Phryxia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toga picta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_443" class="ext">443</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toga prætexta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toga pura, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toga undulata, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toledo, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toletum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tolosa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tomentum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_184" class="ext">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tomi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tonberos, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tone, -vi. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, -<a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tongres, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tongue, of various animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—asperities of, in some, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tonsillary glands, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for diseases of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tooth of wolf used as an amulet, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tooth-ache, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toothpicks, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tooth-wort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toparchies of Judæa, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Topaz, -vi. <a href="#Page_427">427</a>, -<a href="#Page_434">434</a>, -<a href="#Page_435">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Topazos, -vi. <a href="#Page_426">426</a>, -<a href="#Page_427">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tophus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toranius, his trick upon Antony, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Torch-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Torcs of gold, -vi. <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tordylon, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toreutic art, -vi. <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, -<a href="#Page_247">247</a>, -<a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tornadoes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Torone, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Torpedo, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_411" class="ext">411</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Torquatus, his defeat of the Gaul, -vi. <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Torquatus, Novellius, the drunkard, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Torques, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tortivum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tortoise, -vi. <a href="#Page_15">15-18</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tortoise shell, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tortona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Touchstones, -vi. <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, -<a href="#Page_327">327</a>, -<a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toulouse, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tourmaline, -vi. <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, -<a href="#Page_398">398</a>, -<a href="#Page_404">404</a>, -<a href="#Page_405">405</a>, -<a href="#Page_424">424</a>, -<a href="#Page_425">425</a>, -<a href="#Page_448">448</a>, -<a href="#Page_453">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Towers, by whom first erected, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toxica, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_10" class="ext">10</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Toxicum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_171" class="ext">171</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trabea, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_337" class="ext">337</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trachin, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_294" class="ext">294</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trachinia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trachonitis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trafalgar, Cape, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragacanthe, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragelaphus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragemata, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_177" class="ext">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragion, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragonis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragopan, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragopogon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragoriganum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragos, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tragus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_455" class="ext">455</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trajan, the Emperor, his death, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tralles, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Transpadana, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Transplanting, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_468" class="ext">468-471</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487-491</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trapezus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Travertine, -vi. <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Treacle,” origin of the word, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Treasury, the Roman, -vi. <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trebellian wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trebizond, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trebula, wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trees, their place in the system of Nature, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_101" class="ext">101</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—early history of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—consecrated to peculiar divinities, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—uses of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exotic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of huge size, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of India, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Asia, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Persia, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that grow in the sea, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that never lose their leaves, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—products of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—exhibited in triumphal processions, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Syria, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Phœnicia, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_178" class="ext">178</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Egypt, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_180" class="ext">180</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in which fruits germinate one beneath the other, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Æthiopia, <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_193" class="ext">193</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Mount Atlas, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_194" class="ext">194</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Cyrenaica, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_200" class="ext">200</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of Asia and Greece, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the Mediterranean, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—gigantic, in the Indian Seas, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the Troglodytic Sea, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—methods of grafting, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—countries that have none, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wonders connected with those of the North, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various products of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_350" class="ext">350</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the bark of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—those of which the wood is valued, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—localities of various, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_371" class="ext">371</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—species of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—evergreen, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—leaves of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374-379</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—blossoms of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_380" class="ext">380</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fecundation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which bear the whole year, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which bear no fruit, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—looked upon as ill-omened, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which soonest lose their fruit or flowers, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—unproductive in some localities, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their mode of bearing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in which the fruit appears first, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—with two crops in a year, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which become old most rapidly or most slowly, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—with various products, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_390" class="ext">390</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—differences in their trunks and branches, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—roots of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—trunks of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—branches of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—bark of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which grow spontaneously, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—changes in their nature, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_397" class="ext">397</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—juices of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—veins and pores of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the felling of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—size of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—largest in size, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_419" class="ext">419</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—some proof against decay, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—age of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_430" class="ext">430</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_431" class="ext">431</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—shortlived, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—famous, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_433" class="ext">433</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—enormous prices of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—surnames derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—influence of weather upon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their mode of bearing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which never degenerate, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—interval left between, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—shadow thrown by, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—growth of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which grow from cuttings, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—diseases of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_517" class="ext">517-524</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which are injurious to one another, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_525" class="ext">525</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a></li> -<li class="isub1" id="prodigies">—prodigies connected with, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_527" class="ext">527</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—incisions in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mode of manuring, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_531" class="ext">531</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—medicaments for, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_532" class="ext">532</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_533" class="ext">533</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_534" class="ext">534</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trefoil, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_331" class="ext">331</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_375" class="ext">375</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trent, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Treviso, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triarius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triballi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tribes of Rome, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tribulum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tribulus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_400" class="ext">400</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_401" class="ext">401</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tribuni ærarii, -vi. <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tributanus, the gladiator, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tributes paid in silver, -vi. <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trichecum dugong, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trichecum manatum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_361" class="ext">361</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trichecus rosmarinus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_364" class="ext">364</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trichias, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trichomanes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_416" class="ext">416</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trichrus, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tricoccum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tricongius, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_272" class="ext">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tridentum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triens, the story of the Servilian, -vi. <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trieste, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trifoline wines, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trigarium, -vi. <a href="#Page_464">464</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trigarius, -vi. <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trigemenian Gate, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triglitis, -vi. <a href="#Page_459">459</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triophthalmos, -vi. <a href="#Page_458">458</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triorchis, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tripatinium, -vi. <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tripolium, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tripudia solistima, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_497" class="ext">497</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triton, the river, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tritons, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trispithami, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triumphs, usages at, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triumpilini, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trixago, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_52" class="ext">52</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Troas described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trochi, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trochilus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_288" class="ext">288</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trœzen, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Troglodytæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_426">426</a>, -<a href="#Page_427">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Troglodytic Sea, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Troglodytica, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_107" class="ext">107</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_108" class="ext">108</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_451">451</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trogus Pompeius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trophonius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trophy erected on the Alps, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trossuli, -vi. <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, -<a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trowsers, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_173" class="ext">173</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Troxallis, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_439" class="ext">439</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Truffles, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trumpet-fish, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trunks of trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Trychnum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>See also</em> “<a href="#Strychnon">Strychnon</a>.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Trygon, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tuber (fruit) -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tuber (truffle), -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tuber terræ, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_125" class="ext">125</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_126" class="ext">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tubero, C. Ælius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tubero, Q., -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tuccia, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tuditanus, C. Sempronius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_156" class="ext">156</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tufa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_357">357</a>, -<a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tullius, the dwarf, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tumours, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inflamed, remedies for, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_188" class="ext">188</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tungri, waters of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tunica recta, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_336" class="ext">336</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tunny, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>-388.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turbith, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turbot, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turcæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turcomania, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turduli, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turf, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turin, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turnips, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_48" class="ext">48</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_162" class="ext">162</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_214" class="ext">214</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turnsole, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_413" class="ext">413</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_414" class="ext">414</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_415" class="ext">415</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turpentine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_357" class="ext">357</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turpentine-tree, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_179" class="ext">179</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_12" class="ext">12</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turpilius, -vi. <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turquoise, -vi. <a href="#Page_427">427</a>, -<a href="#Page_428">428</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tursio, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Turtles, described, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_369" class="ext">369</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_377" class="ext">377</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how taken, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—propagation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_379" class="ext">379</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—without tongue or teeth, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tuscan architecture, -vi. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tuscany, modern, the wines of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_229" class="ext">229</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Tusci,” origin of the name, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tusculum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tuscus, Fabricius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tussilago, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_164" class="ext">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="TwelveTables">Twelve Tables, Laws of the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_306" class="ext">306</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_307" class="ext">307</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Twins, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_138" class="ext">138</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tyana, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tylos, the island of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_118" class="ext">118</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tympania, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_432" class="ext">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tympanum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_115" class="ext">115</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tymphæi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_275" class="ext">275</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tyndaris, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_219" class="ext">219</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Typhon (wind), -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tyra, river, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Tyrant,” meaning of the word, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_227" class="ext">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tyrian purple, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_449" class="ext">449</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tyrrheni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tyrus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">U.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ubii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ulcers, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206-209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_359" class="ext">359</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ulex, -vi. <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Uliarus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ulophonon, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ultramarine, -vi. <a href="#Page_432">432</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ulula, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ulysses, -vi. <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, -<a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Umber, -vi. <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Umbilicus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Umbri, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_191" class="ext">191</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Umbri, sheep so called, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Umbria described, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Umbricius Melior, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_554" class="ext">554</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Unedo, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_516" class="ext">516</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Unguents, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first used, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_159" class="ext">159</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_160" class="ext">160-165</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—regal, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mode of testing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—boxes for, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_166" class="ext">166</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—excesses of luxury in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_167" class="ext">167</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_168" class="ext">168</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when first used by the Romans, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_170" class="ext">170</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ungulus, -vi. <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Unicorn, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_281" class="ext">281</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Union of Greece and Italy by a bridge, contemplation of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Union of high qualities with purity, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_169" class="ext">169</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Unions, unnatural, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—unproductive, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_148" class="ext">148</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ura, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Urang-utang, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>See also</em> “<a href="#Satyrs">Satyrs</a>.”</li> - -<li class="indx">Uranoscopos, -vi. <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Urceolaris, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_407" class="ext">407</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Uredo nivalis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_87" class="ext">87</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Urine, human, remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_299" class="ext">299</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_301" class="ext">301</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—incontinence of, -vi. <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Urinum, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_537" class="ext">537</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_538" class="ext">538</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Urna, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Urtication, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_402" class="ext">402</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Urus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—horns of the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Usta, -vi. <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Uterus, position of the fœtus in the, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of animals in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_544" class="ext">544</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—described, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Utica, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_389" class="ext">389</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Temple at, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Uvula, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">V.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vaccinium, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vacuna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vagienni, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valens, Vettius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_378" class="ext">378</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valens, Vinnius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_161" class="ext">161</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valeria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_153" class="ext">153</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valeria (an eagle), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valerian, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_370" class="ext">370</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valerianus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_354" class="ext">354</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valerius Flaccus quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_49" class="ext">49</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valerius Maximus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valgius, C., -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vallum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_342" class="ext">342</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Valtelline, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vandili, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vanishing men, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vannius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_330" class="ext">330</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vappa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Var, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Variæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Varicose veins, remedies for, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Varro, M., his statue erected in his lifetime, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how buried, -vi. <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, -<a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a>; -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_304" class="ext">304</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_374" class="ext">374</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_525" class="ext">525</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_63" class="ext">63</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_81" class="ext">81</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_103" class="ext">103</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_157" class="ext">157</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_394" class="ext">394</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, -<a href="#Page_342">342</a>, -<a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Varro, P. Atacinus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Varus, the slaughter of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“Varus,” the origin of the name, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vectis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_351" class="ext">351</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Veientana, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Veii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Veins, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—varicose, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_353" class="ext">353</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vejovis, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vela, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Velia, Lake, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Velinus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Veliturnum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_241" class="ext">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venafrum, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—oil of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venedi, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Veneering, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_428" class="ext">428</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_429" class="ext">429</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Veneris crines, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venom in the human teeth, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venomous, sea-animals, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animals that are, will not die of hunger, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_549" class="ext">549</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ventidius, P., -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vents in the earth, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venus, worship of, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venus Anadyomene, -vi. <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, -<a href="#Page_260">260</a>, -<a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venus’ comb, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venus de Medici, -vi. <a href="#Page_312">312</a>, -<a href="#Page_318">318</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venus’ hair, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Venusia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Veratrum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Verbascum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Verbena, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Verbenaca, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Verbenarius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Verdigris, its medicinal efficacy, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_94" class="ext">94</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -vi. <a href="#Page_195">195-198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vergiliæ, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vermifuge, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vermilion, derivation of the word, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_5" class="ext">5</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -vi. <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, -<a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Verona, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Verres, -vi. <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Verrius Flaccus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Versipellis, the story of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vervain, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vervain mallow, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_224" class="ext">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vespasiani, family of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vespasianus, the Emperor, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, -<a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vesper, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vessels of burden, of gigantic size, -vi. <a href="#Page_333">333</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vestal Virgins, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_290" class="ext">290</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vestalis, Fabius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_240" class="ext">240</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vestilia, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vestinus, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vestorius, -vi. <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vesuvius, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vetches, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_46" class="ext">46</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_51" class="ext">51</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_451" class="ext">451</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Veternum, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vettonica, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vetus, Antistius, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vianiomina, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Viator, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_9" class="ext">9</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vibius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_147" class="ext">147</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vicissitudes, instances of remarkable, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_189" class="ext">189</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Victims for sacrifice, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Victoriatus, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_8" class="ext">8</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vienna, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vigintiviri, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_212" class="ext">212</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vinalia, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vincapervinca, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_339" class="ext">339</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vindex, Julius, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vine, first cultivation of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the nature of, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cultivation of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_218" class="ext">218</a>-221</li> -<li class="isub1">—ninety-one varieties of it, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext"></a>222-233</li> -<li class="isub1">—remarkable facts connected with it, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext"></a>233-236</li> -<li class="isub1">—profits derived from its culture, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_234" class="ext">234</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_235" class="ext">235</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—shoots of, pickled, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—training of it, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the proper situation for it, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—grafting of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—culture of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_495" class="ext">495-517</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—various kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_500" class="ext">500</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its uses, -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_457" class="ext">457</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—leaves and shoots of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—cuttings of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_462" class="ext">462</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vine, wild, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vinedressers’ reed, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_408" class="ext">408</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vinefretter, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_534" class="ext">534</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vinegar, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—lees of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vintage, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Violet, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_318" class="ext">318</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_368" class="ext">368</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Violet-purple, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vipers, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_396" class="ext">396</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_412" class="ext">412</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—flesh of, eaten, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—torpor of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vipio, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_530" class="ext">530</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Virgil, the poet, where he died, -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his birth-place, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works forbidden to be burnt, -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_176" class="ext">176</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—his works quoted, -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_58" class="ext">58</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_121" class="ext">121</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_132" class="ext">132</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_187" class="ext">187</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_233" class="ext">233</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_321" class="ext">321</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>; -<b>ii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_329" class="ext">329</a>; -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_20" class="ext">20</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_21" class="ext">21</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_152" class="ext">152</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_217" class="ext">217</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_228" class="ext">228</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_231" class="ext">231</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_242" class="ext">242</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_302" class="ext">302</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_393" class="ext">393</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_447" class="ext">447</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_448" class="ext">448</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_461" class="ext">461</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_470" class="ext">470</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>; -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_38" class="ext">38</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_45" class="ext">45</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_62" class="ext">62</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_64" class="ext">64</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_72" class="ext">72</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_104" class="ext">104</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_111" class="ext">111</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_117" class="ext">117</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_119" class="ext">119</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_154" class="ext">154</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_182" class="ext">182</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_316" class="ext">316</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_340" class="ext">340</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>; -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_41" class="ext">41</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_365" class="ext">365</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, -<a href="#Page_139">139</a>, -<a href="#Page_179">179</a>, -<a href="#Page_240">240</a>, -<a href="#Page_320">320</a>, -<a href="#Page_383">383</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mistranslated by Pliny, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_352" class="ext">352</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Virgin Waters, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Viscera, the, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies for pains in, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Viscum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_391" class="ext">391</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_434" class="ext">434</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vistula, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Visula, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_225" class="ext">225</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Visurgis, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vital spirit, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_65" class="ext">65</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vitality, signs of in man, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vitellius, the Emperor, -vi. <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, -<a href="#Page_287">287</a>, -<a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vitellius, P., -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_67" class="ext">67</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vitex, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vitiparra, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vitriol, -vi. <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, -<a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vitruvius Pollio, mentioned, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, -<a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vivaria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Viviparous animals without hair, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Voice, of insects, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of animals, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_92" class="ext">92</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_93" class="ext">93</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of man, in a measure forms his physiognomy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its varieties, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how deadened, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how heightened, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Volcanius, -vi. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Volcanoes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_140" class="ext">140</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—submarine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Volcatius, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vologesus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Volsinii, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Volsinium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_83" class="ext">83</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Volterra, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_190" class="ext">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Volturnus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_73" class="ext">73</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vomit, the only animals that, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_71" class="ext">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vomits, the use of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vopisci, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_144" class="ext">144</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Voyages, of discovery, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_99" class="ext">99</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—to India, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_60" class="ext">60</a>-63</li> -<li class="isub1">—speedy, instances of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_130" class="ext">130</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for the recovery of health, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vulcan, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_324" class="ext">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vulture, great European, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vultures, an account of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how put to flight, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how attracted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_398" class="ext">398</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_399" class="ext">399</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Vulva, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">W.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wagtail, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Walking-sticks, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_205" class="ext">205</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wall-nightingale, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wall-paintings, -vi. <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wall-wort, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_127" class="ext">127</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Walls, when first built, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—formation of, -vi. <a href="#Page_289">289</a>, -<a href="#Page_290">290</a>, -<a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of houses, -<a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Walnuts, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_514" class="ext">514</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wanley, Nathaniel, quoted, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Warm springs, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Warts, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_209" class="ext">209</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wasps, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_24" class="ext">24</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Water, an account of, -<b>i.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_96" class="ext">96</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_97" class="ext">97</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiar properties of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_136" class="ext">136</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_137" class="ext">137</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—how made potable, -<b>v.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_2" class="ext">2</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remarkable facts connected with, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_471" class="ext">471</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—properties of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_472" class="ext">472</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—impurities of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—modes of testing, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_485" class="ext">485</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—boiled, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_486" class="ext">486</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—mode of searching for, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—differences in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_490" class="ext">490</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—qualities of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—modes of conveying, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fresh at sea, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_499" class="ext">499</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Water-chesnut, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_355" class="ext">355</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Watering of gardens, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_201" class="ext">201</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_202" class="ext">202</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_203" class="ext">203</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Water-organ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Water-parsley, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Water-pipes, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Water-plants, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Water-spouts, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Water-warblers, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_510" class="ext">510</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_511" class="ext">511</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Waters, productive of insanity, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedial for calculi, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_474" class="ext">474</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—curative of wounds, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—preventive of abortion, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which remove morphew, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which colour the hair, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which colour the body, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which aid or impede the memory, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which affect the senses, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which improve the voice, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which cause a distaste for wine, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which produce inebriety, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which serve as a substitute for oil, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—salt and bitter, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which throw up stones, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which cause laughter, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which are a cure for love, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which preserve their warmth, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in which all things sink, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—in which nothing will sink, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of a deadly nature, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_480" class="ext">480</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_481" class="ext">481</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which petrify, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—their wholesomeness considered, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_484" class="ext">484</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—which have suddenly appeared or ceased, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wax (bees’), -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_6" class="ext">6</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_7" class="ext">7</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_346" class="ext">346</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—writing-tablets of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_186" class="ext">186</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wax-colours, -vi. <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, -<a href="#Page_245">245</a>, -<a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wax of the human ear, -remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_291" class="ext">291</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wealth, immense, instances of, -vi. <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, -<a href="#Page_94">94</a>, -<a href="#Page_129">129</a>, -<a href="#Page_130">130</a>, -<a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Weasel, odour of, fatal to the basilisk, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_392" class="ext">392</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Weather, states of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiarities of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its influence upon trees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_442" class="ext">442</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Weaving, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Webs of spiders, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_28" class="ext">28</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wedge drawn by a bird from a tree, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_82" class="ext">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Weevil, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Weight of the body, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Weights, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_226" class="ext">226</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Greek and Roman, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_386" class="ext">386</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_387" class="ext">387</a>—<em>and</em> Introduction to Vol. III.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wells, invention of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_223" class="ext">223</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_491" class="ext">491</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Weser, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wheat, an account of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—Africa productive of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_36" class="ext">36</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wheat-meal, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Whetstones, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_91" class="ext">91</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Whey, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_84" class="ext">84</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Whirlwinds, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_57" class="ext">57</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Whispering-gallery, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_95" class="ext">95</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">White lead, -vi. <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, -<a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">White squall, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">White thorn, eaten, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_43" class="ext">43</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">White vine, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_466" class="ext">466</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_467" class="ext">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Whitening, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_454" class="ext">454</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_301">301</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wicks of lamps, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_362" class="ext">362</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_489" class="ext">489</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wiesbaden, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_479" class="ext">479</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild animals, parks for. -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild boar, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_344" class="ext">344</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the flesh of, a delicacy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_345" class="ext">345</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—eats the salamander, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_98" class="ext">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild fig, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_311" class="ext">311</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_312" class="ext">312</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_313" class="ext">313</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_505" class="ext">505</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_506" class="ext">506</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_507" class="ext">507</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild honey, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_14" class="ext">14</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild myrtle, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_521" class="ext">521</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild olive, leaves of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_487" class="ext">487</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_488" class="ext">488</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild plants, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_77" class="ext">77</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild plums, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild pomegranate, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_501" class="ext">501</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild thyme, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_198" class="ext">198</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_292" class="ext">292</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_293" class="ext">293</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wild vine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_255" class="ext">255</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_464" class="ext">464</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Will, remedies depending on the, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_295" class="ext">295</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_296" class="ext">296</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Willow, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_25" class="ext">25</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Willow-beds, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_492" class="ext">492</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_493" class="ext">493</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Willow-herb, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wind-egg, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_537" class="ext">537</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_538" class="ext">538</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Windows, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, -<a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Winds, an account of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_70" class="ext">70-79</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—predicted, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_222" class="ext">222</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—invention of the theory of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_230" class="ext">230</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the theory of explained, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_113" class="ext">113</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the points of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_114" class="ext">114-117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wine, honied, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_215" class="ext">215</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_437" class="ext">437</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_438" class="ext">438</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wine-cellars, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wine-cure, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_183" class="ext">183</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wine-lees, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_482" class="ext">482</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_483" class="ext">483</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wine-lofts, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wine-press, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_109" class="ext">109</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_110" class="ext">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wine-vessels, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_268" class="ext">268</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_269" class="ext">269</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wines, the most ancient, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_236" class="ext">236</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—colours of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_237" class="ext">237</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>; -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_475" class="ext">475</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—pitched, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>; -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>; -<b>vi.</b> <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—nature of, -<b>iii.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_238" class="ext">238</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fifty kinds of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_239" class="ext">239-245</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—drugged, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—healthfulness of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_243" class="ext">243</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—peculiar tastes in, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_244" class="ext">244</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—foreign, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_245" class="ext">245</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_246" class="ext">246</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—recommended by Apollodorus, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—salted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_247" class="ext">247</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—disguising of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—sweet, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_249" class="ext">249</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—made from raisins, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_250" class="ext">250</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—second rate, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—generous, when first made in Italy, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_251" class="ext">251</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—inspection of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—women not allowed to drink, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—laws upon, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—drunk by the ancient Romans, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_253" class="ext">253</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—when several kinds were first served at table, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_254" class="ext">254</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—artificial, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256-260</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_478" class="ext">478</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—made from fruit, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_256" class="ext">256</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from plants, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_257" class="ext">257</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—aromatic, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_258" class="ext">258</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from herbs, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—from shrubs, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_260" class="ext">260</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of a miraculous nature, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_262" class="ext">262</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—that change their nature, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—certain, not used in sacred rites, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_263" class="ext">263</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—seasoned with pitch and resin, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_265" class="ext">265</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_266" class="ext">266</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_267" class="ext">267</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—made from corn, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—medicinal properties of, -<b>iv.</b> <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_469" class="ext">469</a>-473, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Winged animal, the only one that is viviparous, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_540">540</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wings, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_34" class="ext">34</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Winking, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Winter-clothes, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Winter-sowing, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_80" class="ext">80</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Winter-wheat, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_29" class="ext">29</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_32" class="ext">32</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_33" class="ext">33</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_35" class="ext">35</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wisdom, remarkable, instances of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_174" class="ext">174</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wisdom-teeth, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_59" class="ext">59</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Withes, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_409" class="ext">409</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Witnesses, summoning of, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_88" class="ext">88</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Witwall, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_512" class="ext">512</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wolf, Romulus suckled by, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—an account of the, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_282" class="ext">282</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—influence of its eyes, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—men changed into, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_283" class="ext">283</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_284" class="ext">284</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its bladder, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Womb, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of the sow, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_75" class="ext">75</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Women not allowed to drink wine, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_252" class="ext">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wonderful forms of various nations, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_122" class="ext">122</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wonders, of various countries, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_123" class="ext">123</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_124" class="ext">124</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of fountains and rivers, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_131" class="ext">131-138</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—of fire, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_141" class="ext">141</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_142" class="ext">142</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_143" class="ext">143</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wood, animals that breed in, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for furniture, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_195" class="ext">195</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_196" class="ext">196</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_197" class="ext">197</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for fuel, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_348" class="ext">348</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_349" class="ext">349</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_358" class="ext">358</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the nature of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_418" class="ext">418</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_420" class="ext">420</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—fire obtained from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_421" class="ext">421</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the lightest, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—the durability of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_423" class="ext">423</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_425" class="ext">425</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—used in building, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_426" class="ext">426</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—for carpenters’ work, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—united with glue, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_427" class="ext">427</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Woodcock, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_528" class="ext">528</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_529" class="ext">529</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Woodbine, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_105" class="ext">105</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Woodlice, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_417" class="ext">417</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_436" class="ext">436</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_440" class="ext">440</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_441" class="ext">441</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_450" class="ext">450</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Woodpecker, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_508" class="ext">508</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_515" class="ext">515</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_89" class="ext">89</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_248" class="ext">248</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_403" class="ext">403</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its magical power, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_494" class="ext">494</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Woodworms, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_40" class="ext">40</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wool, various kinds of, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—its various colours, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_333" class="ext">333</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_334" class="ext">334</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_335" class="ext">335</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_338" class="ext">338</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dyed purple, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_381" class="ext">381</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_382" class="ext">382</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wool-fruit, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wool-grease, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_383" class="ext">383</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_385" class="ext">385</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wool-plant, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_68" class="ext">68</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Woolly sage, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Words, the healing efficacy of, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_278" class="ext">278</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_279" class="ext">279</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_280" class="ext">280</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">World, if more than one, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_13" class="ext">13-16</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—form of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—nature of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_16" class="ext">16</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—name of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—dimensions of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_53" class="ext">53</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_54" class="ext">54</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—earth, the middle of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Worming of dogs, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_406" class="ext">406</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Worms eaten, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_519" class="ext">519</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Worms, fish so called, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_384" class="ext">384</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="wormwood">Wormwood, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_106" class="ext">106</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—animals that feed on, have no gall, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_69" class="ext">69</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—wine made from, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—remedies derived from, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_232" class="ext">232-235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wounds, remedies for, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_206" class="ext">206</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_208" class="ext">208</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_458" class="ext">458</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_459" class="ext">459</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_460" class="ext">460</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wreaths of corn, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_3" class="ext">3</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wren, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_551" class="ext">551</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wright, Mr. T., on the lead-mines of Britain, -vi. <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Wryneck, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_90" class="ext">90</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">X.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xanthos (stone), -vi. <a href="#Page_452">452</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xanthus, the historian, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_151" class="ext">151</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xanthus, the river, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_476" class="ext">476</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xenagoras, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xenocrates, artist, -vi. <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, -<a href="#Page_184">184</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xenocrates of Aphrodisias, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_303" class="ext">303</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xenocrates of Ephesus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xenophilus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_207" class="ext">207</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xenophon, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_373" class="ext">373</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—quoted, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_452" class="ext">452</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_79" class="ext">79</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_341" class="ext">341</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xenophon of Lampsacus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_270" class="ext">270</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xerxes, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_300" class="ext">300</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_305" class="ext">305</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_315" class="ext">315</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_317" class="ext">317</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_473" class="ext">473</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_526" class="ext">526</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xiphias, -vi. <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xiphion, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_134" class="ext">134</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_135" class="ext">135</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xuthon, -vi. <a href="#Page_436">436</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xylobalsamum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_149" class="ext">149</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xylocinnamomum, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_139" class="ext">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Xyris, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_372" class="ext">372</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">Y.</li> - -<li class="indx">Yarrow, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_61" class="ext">61</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Yates, Dr., his “Textrinum Antiquorum” quoted, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_273" class="ext">273</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_274" class="ext">274</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Yeast, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Yew, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_360" class="ext">360</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_47" class="ext">47</a>.</li> - -<li class="ifrst">Z.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zachalias, -vi. <a href="#Page_468">468</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zacynthus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_310" class="ext">310</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zama, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_395" class="ext">395</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_477" class="ext">477</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zancle, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_221" class="ext">221</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zara, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_259" class="ext">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zarephthali, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_435" class="ext">435</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zariaspa, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_30" class="ext">30</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zathene, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zea, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_31" class="ext">31</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zebu, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_328" class="ext">328</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zeno, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zenobia, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_445" class="ext">445</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zenodotus, -vi. <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, -<a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zenothemis, -vi. <a href="#Page_467">467</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zephyria, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_539" class="ext">539</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zephyrium, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zephyrus, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_74" class="ext">74</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_116" class="ext">116</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zethus, -vi. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>, -<a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zeugitana, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_388" class="ext">388</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zeugma, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_444" class="ext">444</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_210">210</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zeus (fish), -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_404" class="ext">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zeuxis, -vi. <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, -<a href="#Page_250">250</a>, -<a href="#Page_251">251</a>, -<a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zigæ, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_15" class="ext">15</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zimpiberi, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zingiberi, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_112" class="ext">112</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zirconite, -vi. <a href="#Page_404">404</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zizyphus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_297" class="ext">297</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zmilampis, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zmyrus, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_410" class="ext">410</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zodiac, signs of the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_17" class="ext">17</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_18" class="ext">18</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_26" class="ext">26</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_27" class="ext">27</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_44" class="ext">44</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">an account of, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_78" class="ext">78-108</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zoëla, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_172" class="ext">172</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_133" class="ext">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zoilus, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_158" class="ext">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zones, the, -i. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_100" class="ext">100</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—obliquity of, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/57493/57493-h/57493-h.htm#Page_102" class="ext">102</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zoöphytes, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_453" class="ext">453</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_465" class="ext">465</a>; -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_211" class="ext">211</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_213" class="ext">213</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zopissa, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_363" class="ext">363</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_19" class="ext">19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zopyron, -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_55" class="ext">55</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_56" class="ext">56</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zopyrus, -vi. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zoraniscæa, -vi. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zoroaster, -ii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60230/60230-h/60230-h.htm#Page_155" class="ext">155</a>; -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_128" class="ext">128</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_422" class="ext">422</a>, -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_424" class="ext">424</a>; -vi. <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, -<a href="#Page_437">437</a>, -<a href="#Page_448">448</a></li> -<li class="isub1">—lived entirely upon cheese, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_85" class="ext">85</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zoster, -iii. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59131/59131-h/59131-h.htm#Page_210" class="ext">210</a>; -v. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/60688/60688-h/60688-h.htm#Page_199" class="ext">199</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Zythum, -iv. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/61113/61113-h/61113-h.htm#Page_456" class="ext">456</a>.</li> -</ul> - -<div class="center chapter"> -<table class="my100" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" summary="errata"> -<tr> -<th class="tdc" colspan="5"><h2 id="ERRATA">ERRATA.</h2></th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Vol.</span> I.</td> -<td class="tdl"> p. 455,</td> -<td class="tdl"> l. 36,</td> -<td class="tdl"> <em>for</em> “agate,”</td> -<td class="tdl"> <em>read</em> “jet.”</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> — II.</td> -<td class="tdl"> — 537,</td> -<td class="tdl"> — 39,</td> -<td class="tdl"> — “urine-egg,”</td> -<td class="tdl"> — “wind-egg.”</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> — III.</td> -<td class="tdl"> — 326,</td> -<td class="tdl"> — 23,</td> -<td class="tdl"> — “nuts,”</td> -<td class="tdl"> — “Walnuts.”</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> — IV.</td> -<td class="tdl"> — 391,</td> -<td class="tdl"> — 42,</td> -<td class="tdl"> — “on this”</td> -<td class="tdl"> — “on this subject, in B. xxv. c. 59.”</td> -</tr></table></div> - -<p class="center padt2">THE END.</p> - -<p class="center padt2">J. BILLING, PRINTER AND STEREOTYPER, GUILDFORD, SURREY.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="transnote chapter"><p>Transcriber’s Notes:—</p> - -<p class="noindent padt1 padb1">The spelling, hyphenation, punctuation and accentuation are as the -original, except for apparent typographical errors which have been -corrected.</p> - -<p class="noindent">The footnotes for each of the six volumes have been renumbered, the -references to notes in other volumes have been changed accordingly.</p> - -<p class="noindent">Apparent errors in the footnotes:—<br /> -(footnote numbers in the original are clothed thus [99].) -Footnote 1794 [8], p. 224. The reference to Note [18], p. 196 appears to be incorrect.<br /> -Footnote 3398 [13], p. 456. See Chapter 56, Note 3241 [55] should read See Chapter 55, Note 3241 [55].</p> - -<p class="noindent">In footnote 24 “See Introduction to Vol. III.” probably refers to the -glossary of “GREEK AND ROMAN MONEY, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES MENTIONED BY -PLINY.” which follows the Contents section of Volume III.</p> - -<p class="noindent">Index entry for:—</p> - -<p class="noindent">Leucogæa, vi. 449, 476.<br /> -should read:—<br /> -Leucogæa, vi. 449.<br /> -as the last page in the body of the text is numbered 468.<br /> -Similarly,<br /> -Agrippa, M. vi. 480 is incorrect.</p> -<p class="noindent">Hyophthalmos, vi. 459.<br /> -should read:—<br /> -Hyophthalmos, vi. 459.</p> -<p class="noindent">Dgiggetai, ii. 326. refers to the Mongolian wild ass, the usual spelling being ‘Dziggetai’.</p> - - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 6 -of 6, by Pliny the Elder - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PLINY, THE ELDER *** - -***** This file should be named 62704-h.htm or 62704-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/7/0/62704/ - -Produced by Turgut Dincer, Mr. Franco Sogliani, Brian -Wilcox and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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