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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bae935e --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #62784 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62784) diff --git a/old/62784-0.txt b/old/62784-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e8afc96..0000000 --- a/old/62784-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1081 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's Oration: The American Mind, by Charles W. Lyons - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Oration: The American Mind - -Author: Charles W. Lyons - -Contributor: C. W. Ernst - -Release Date: July 30, 2020 [EBook #62784] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORATION: THE AMERICAN MIND *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, David E. Brown, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -[Illustration: C. W. Lyons S. J.] - - - - - ORATION - - THE AMERICAN MIND - - BY - - REV. CHARLES W. LYONS, S. J. - - DELIVERED BEFORE THE CITY GOVERNMENT AND CITIZENS OF BOSTON - IN FANEUIL HALL, ON THE ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH - ANNIVERSARY OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE - OF THESE UNITED STATES, JULY 4, 1923 - - [Illustration] - - CITY OF BOSTON - PRINTING DEPARTMENT - 1923 - - - - -THE AMERICAN MIND. - -FOURTH OF JULY ORATION, 1923. - -BY REV. CHARLES W. LYONS, S. J. - - -In the evolution of any life, whether it be that of an individual or -of that corporate moral union we know as society, there are times -when it seems fitting and proper to pause from the whirl of incessant -activities, turn aside from accustomed line of thought, and let the -mind run sweetly and lovingly over a treasured past. - -And today our beloved country, in the fulness of her achievement, with -the memories of one hundred and forty-seven years, one hundred and -forty-seven golden years, lived only that her children might grow, -as from eternity the Creator had destined them to grow, in the full -security of rights that are inalienable. - -Today our beloved country turns to us children of a later generation -and pleads that we follow this generous impulse of nature, and tarry -for the moment, while she lives over again the thoughts and emotions -and heroic sacrifices that gave her birth. - -They were not new thoughts or unknown emotions. As John Quincy Adams -so well remarked in his scholarly discourse on the Jubilee of the -Constitution: “The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of -the United States are parts of one constant whole, founded upon one -and the same theory of government, then new not as a theory, for it -had been working itself into the mind of man for many ages, but it had -never before been adopted by a great nation.” - -Moses, as narrated in Deuteronomy, had charged the judges in Israel: -“There shall be no difference of persons; you shall hear the little as -well as the great; neither shall you respect any man’s person, because -it is the judgment of God.” - -Aristotle had taught that, “the State is not merely an institution for -repressing vice, but a necessary formation for the full development of -humanity.” - -In the Magna Charter the germ of true liberty and equality is seen in -the pledges of the king to his people: “We will not set forth against -any freeman, nor send against him, unless by the lawful judgment of his -peers and by the law of the land; to no one will we sell, to no one -will we refuse or delay right or justice.” - -The mediæval councils, the military orders, the guilds, followed -centuries after by the contract of the Pilgrim Fathers made in the -cabin of the “Mayflower” in which they “covenanted and combined -themselves into a civil body politic for their better order and -preservation,” as well as the charters of the Providence Plantations, -of Virginia, and of Maryland, had accustomed the people to joint action -of mutual compact and deliberate agreement in defense of liberty and -justice which, after all, is the mother of democracy. - -While the schoolmen, with scarcely an exception, as Sidwick tells us, -taught that, “governments derive their just powers from the consent of -the governed.” - -“Every constitution,” says Nicholas of Cusa, three and a half centuries -before the Declaration of Independence, “is rooted in natural law and -cannot be valid if it contradicts it.” - -“Since all are free by nature,” he continues, “all government, whether -by written law or a prince, is based solely on the agreement and -consent of the subject. For if by nature men are equally powerful and -free, true and ordered power in the hands of one can be established -only by the election and consent of the others, just as law also is -established by consent.” - -“It is clear, therefore,” he adds, “that the binding validity of all -constitutions is based on tacit and expressed agreement and consent.” - -And although Elizabeth had asserted in 1585 that “kings and princes -sovereign owe their homage and service only to Almighty God,” and James -defended the Divine Right of Kings, and the University of Cambridge, -in its address to Charles II, had declared that they believed and -maintained that “our kings derive not their title from the people -but from God,” “Defenders of Liberty” were not wanting, Bellarmine -declaring boldly, as Sir Robert Filmer tells us, that “secular or civil -power is instituted by men; it is in the people unless they bestow it -on a prince. This power is immediately in the whole multitude as in -the subject of it. For this power is in the Divine Law, but the Divine -Law hath given this power to no particular men; if the positive law be -taken away, there is left no reason why amongst a multitude (who are -equal) one rather than another should bear rule over the rest. Power is -given by the multitude to one man or to more by the same law of nature; -for the commonwealth cannot exercise this power, therefore it is bound -to bestow it upon some one man or some few. It depends upon the consent -of the multitude to ordain over themselves a king or consul or other -magistrates. And if there be a lawful cause, the multitude may change -the kingdom into an aristocracy or democracy.” - -These thoughts and emotions, expressed and re-expressed by the writers, -philosophers and political leaders of their day, had seeped down -through the ages unactuated, mere themes for academic speculation, -until they filtered into the minds and souls of those simple, yet truly -great men, who, in signing the Declaration of Independence, gave birth -to the nation we so rightfully cherish and so lovingly serve. - -In a letter to his friend Henry Lee, dated May 8, 1825, Jefferson, as -if in confirmation of what we have just held, notes that the object of -the Declaration of Independence was “not to find out new principles, -or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things -which had never before been said; but to place before mankind the -common sense of the subject in terms so plain and firm as to command -their assent and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we -are compelled to take. Neither aiming at originality of principle or -sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular or previous writing, it -was intended to be an expression of the _American mind_, and to give to -that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion. -All its authority rests then on the harmonizing sentiments of the day, -whether expressed in conversation, in letters, printed essays, or in -the elementary books of public right, as Aristotle, Cicero, Locke, -Sidney, etc.” - -What, then, was this American mind, that, amid problems vexed and -theories varied, had sifted the wisdom and folly of the past, -discerning the true from the false, the good from the evil, and “of -which,” Jefferson was pleased to say, “the Declaration of Independence -was intended to be an expression?” And what, again, was “the proper -tone and spirit called for by the occasion” that the Declaration of -Independence was to give to this expression of the American mind? - -If we look more closely at the type of men whose united action founded -our nation the answer to this question will not be far to seek. They, -like many of us here today, were either immigrants or the immediate -descendants of immigrants. They differed in origin, in education, -in race, and in creed. They had the traditions, the affections, the -prejudices of their times and of their peoples. Yet in common they -had left home and country, led on by a vision or an ideal that made a -fitting basis for the union that was to come. They would break away -from an effete civilization; they would start life anew, freed from the -tyranny of unjust laws; they would enjoy liberty to worship their God -according to the dictates of their own conscience; they would exercise, -without unwarranted interference, their natural and inalienable right -to the pursuit of happiness. - -Crossing, as they did, the same unknown seas, buffeted by the -same winds and waves, coming to the same uncultivated, though not -inhospitable shores, their difficulties, their interests, their common -foe, drew them together in mutual helpfulness, in united enterprise, -and in common defense. - -Thus they came to know one another; thus they learned to bear with -one another; thus they grew to love one another; and understanding, -and tolerance, and brotherly love developed the American mind. So -that, when the occasion arose, in proper tone and spirit, it expressed -itself in the immortal Declaration of Independence that solved the -speculative problems of the past, secured full enjoyment of liberty for -its people, and gave hope and inspiration to all mankind and for all -time. - -And shall we mar the beauty of her gift? Shall we, forgetting our -common interests, our common enterprises, our common foes, destroy the -unity of purpose and of action that is essential for individual and -national prosperity? Shall we, by misunderstanding, by intolerance -and hatred, sully the luster of our heritage, breaking the bondage of -brotherhood? - -Ours is a most responsible trust. We must hand it down to posterity -sacred and intact. Capital must make truce with labor; labor must make -pact with capital; each must measure even in the scales of justice. The -rights--inalienable rights--of man to life, liberty and the pursuit -of happiness, must not be infringed. The rights--natural and civic -rights--of property must not be denied. Class prejudices, racial pride, -assumed superiority, must be dislodged from the minds of men, that -justice may function and equality and the dignity of human nature be -sustained. - -The home must be safeguarded, and its sanctity preserved, that our -children be protected and grow--as nature destined them to grow--in -wisdom and grace before God and man. - -The school--the private and the public school--free as speech and the -press are free--must be encouraged that our citizens may understand -the Constitution and our laws, and in the full development of their -intellectual faculties realize the burdens as well as the privileges of -representative government. - -The church, the House of God, must have its place of respect, that our -children may continue moral and grow in reverence for authority and for -the divine and human law. - -As Hamilton wrote to Washington, on the occasion of his farewell -address: “In all those dispositions which promote political happiness, -religion and morality are essential props.” - -This, I take it, is the message our beloved country would send to us -today. That we be men of _American mind_, the mind that expressed -itself in the Declaration of Independence, the mind that was born of -understanding, tolerance, and brotherly love, the mind that didn’t -hesitate to say, in the closing words of the great document that gave -to us our nation, “For the support of this declaration, with a firm -reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to -each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.” - - - - - A LIST - OF - BOSTON MUNICIPAL ORATORS. - - BY C. W. ERNST. - - - - -BOSTON ORATORS - -APPOINTED BY THE MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES. - - -_For the Anniversary of the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770._ - - NOTE.--The Fifth of March orations were published in handsome quarto - editions, now very scarce; also collected in book form in 1785 and - again in 1807. The oration of 1776 was delivered in Watertown. - - 1771.--LOVELL, JAMES. - - 1772.--WARREN, JOSEPH.[2] - - 1773.--CHURCH, BENJAMIN.[B] - - 1774.--HANCOCK, JOHN.[A][2] - - 1775.--WARREN, JOSEPH. - - 1776.--THACHER, PETER. - - 1777.--HICHBORN, BENJAMIN. - - 1778.--AUSTIN, JONATHAN WILLIAMS. - - 1779.--TUDOR, WILLIAM. - - 1780.--MASON, JONATHAN, JUN. - - 1781.--DAWES, THOMAS, JUN. - - 1782.--MINOT, GEORGE RICHARDS. - - 1783.--WELSH, THOMAS. - - -_For the Anniversary of National Independence, July 4, 1776._ - - NOTE.--A collected edition, or a full collection, of these orations - has not been made. For the names of the orators, as officially - printed on the title pages of the orations, see the Municipal - Register of 1890. - - 1783.--WARREN, JOHN.[1] - - 1784.--HICHBORN, BENJAMIN. - - 1785.--GARDNER, JOHN. - - 1786.--AUSTIN, JONATHAN LORING. - - 1787.--DAWES, THOMAS, JUN. - - 1788.--OTIS, HARRISON GRAY. - - 1789.--STILLMAN, SAMUEL. - - 1790.--GRAY, EDWARD. - - 1791.--CRAFTS, THOMAS, JUN. - - 1792.--BLAKE, JOSEPH, JUN.[2] - - 1793.--ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY.[2] - - 1794.--PHILLIPS, JOHN. - - 1795.--BLAKE, GEORGE. - - 1796.--LATHROP, JOHN, JUN. - - 1797.--CALLENDER, JOHN. - - 1798.--QUINCY, JOSIAH.[2][3] - - 1799.--LOWELL, JOHN, JUN.[2] - - 1800.--HALL, JOSEPH. - - 1801.--PAINE, CHARLES. - - 1802.--EMERSON, WILLIAM. - - 1803.--SULLIVAN, WILLIAM. - - 1804.--DANFORTH, THOMAS.[2] - - 1805.--DUTTON, WARREN. - - 1806.--CHANNING, FRANCIS DANA.[4] - - 1807.--THACHER, PETER.[2][5] - - 1808.--RITCHIE, ANDREW, JUN.[2] - - 1809.--TUDOR, WILLIAM, JUN.[2] - - 1810.--TOWNSEND, ALEXANDER. - - 1811.--SAVAGE, JAMES.[2] - - 1812.--POLLARD, BENJAMIN.[4] - - 1813.--LIVERMORE, EDWARD ST. LOE. - - 1814.--WHITWELL, BENJAMIN. - - 1815.--SHAW, LEMUEL. - - 1816.--SULLIVAN, GEORGE.[2] - - 1817.--CHANNING, EDWARD TYRREL. - - 1818.--GRAY, FRANCIS CALLEY. - - 1819.--DEXTER, FRANKLIN. - - 1820.--LYMAN, THEODORE, JUN. - - 1821.--LORING, CHARLES GREELY.[2] - - 1822.--GRAY, JOHN CHIPMAN. - - 1823.--CURTIS, CHARLES PELHAM.[2] - - 1824.--BASSETT, FRANCIS. - - 1825.--SPRAGUE, CHARLES.[6] - - 1826.--QUINCY, JOSIAH.[7] - - 1827.--MASON, WILLIAM POWELL. - - 1828.--SUMNER, BRADFORD. - - 1829.--AUSTIN, JAMES TRECOTHICK. - - 1830.--EVERETT, ALEXANDER HILL. - - 1831.--PALFREY, JOHN GORHAM. - - 1832.--QUINCY, JOSIAH, JUN. - - 1833.--PRESCOTT, EDWARD GOLDSBOROUGH. - - 1834.--FAY, RICHARD SULLIVAN. - - 1835.--HILLARD, GEORGE STILLMAN. - - 1836.--KINSMAN, HENRY WILLIS. - - 1837.--CHAPMAN, JONATHAN. - - 1838.--WINSLOW, HUBBARD. “The Means of the Perpetuity and Prosperity - of our Republic.” - - 1839.--AUSTIN, IVERS JAMES. - - 1840.--POWER, THOMAS. - - 1841.--CURTIS, GEORGE TICKNOR.[8] “The True Uses of American - Revolutionary History.” - - 1842.--MANN, HORACE.[9] - - 1843.--ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS. - - 1844.--CHANDLER, PELEG WHITMAN. “The Morals of Freedom.” - - 1845.--SUMNER, CHARLES.[10] “The True Grandeur of Nations.” - - 1846.--WEBSTER, FLETCHER. - - 1847.--GARY, THOMAS GREAVES. - - 1848.--GILES, JOEL. “Practical Liberty.” - - 1849.--GREENOUGH, WILLIAM WHITWELL. “The Conquering Republic.” - - 1850.--WHIPPLE, EDWIN PERCY.[11] “Washington and the Principles of - the Revolution.” - - 1851.--RUSSELL, CHARLES THEODORE. - - 1852.--KING, THOMAS STARR. “The Organization of Liberty on the - Western Continent.”[12] - - 1853.--BIGELOW, TIMOTHY.[13] - - 1854.--STONE, ANDREW LEETE.[2] “The Struggles of American History.” - - 1855.--MINER, ALONZO AMES. - - 1856.--PARKER, EDWARD GRIFFIN. “The Lesson of ’76 to the Men of ’56.” - - 1857.--ALGER, WILLIAM ROUNSEVILLE.[14] “The Genius and Posture of - America.” - - 1858.--HOLMES, JOHN SOMERS.[2] - - 1859.--SUMNER, GEORGE.[4][15] - - 1860.--EVERETT, EDWARD. - - 1861.--PARSONS, THEOPHILUS. - - 1862.--CURTIS, THOMAS TICKNOR.[8] - - 1863.--HOLMES, OLIVER WENDELL.[16] - - 1864.--RUSSELL, THOMAS. - - 1865.--MANNING, JACOB MERRILL. “Peace under Liberty.”[2] - - 1866.--LOTHROP, SAMUEL KIRKLAND. - - 1867.--HEPWORTH, GEORGE HUGHES. - - 1868.--ELIOT, SAMUEL. “The Functions of a City.” - - 1869.--MORTON, ELLIS WESLEY. - - 1870.--EVERETT, WILLIAM. - - 1871.--SARGENT, HORACE BINNEY. - - 1872.--ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS, JUN. - - 1873.--WARE, JOHN FOTHERGILL WATERHOUSE. - - 1874.--FROTHINGHAM, RICHARD. - - 1875.--CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN. “Worth of Republican Institutions.” - - 1876.--WINTHROP, ROBERT CHARLES.[17] - - 1877.--WARREN, WILLIAM WIRT. - - 1878.--HEALY, JOSEPH. - - 1879.--LODGE, HENRY CABOT. - - 1880.--SMITH, ROBERT DICKSON.[18] - - 1881.--WARREN, GEORGE WASHINGTON. “Our Republic--Liberty and Equality - Founded on Law.” - - 1882.--LONG, JOHN DAVIS. - - 1883.--CARPENTER, HENRY BERNARD. “American Character and Influence.” - - 1884.--SHEPARD, HARVEY NEWTON. - - 1885.--GARGAN, THOMAS JOHN. - - 1886.--WILLIAMS, GEORGE FREDERICK. - - 1887.--FITZGERALD, JOHN EDWARD. - - 1888.--DILLAWAY, WILLIAM EDWARD LOVELL. - - 1889.--SWIFT, JOHN LINDSAY.[19] “The American Citizen.” - - 1890.--PILLSBURY, ALBERT ENOCH. “Public Spirit.” - - 1891.--QUINCY, JOSIAH.[20] “The Coming Peace.” - - 1892.--MURPHY, JOHN ROBERT. - - 1893.--PUTNAM, HENRY WARE. “The Mission of Our People.” - - 1894.--O’NEIL, JOSEPH HENRY. - - 1895.--BERLE, ADOLPH AUGUSTUS. “The Constitution and the Citizens.” - - 1896.--FITZGERALD, JOHN FRANCIS. - - 1897.--HALE, EDWARD EVERETT. “The Contribution of Boston to American - Independence.” - - 1898.--O’CALLAGHAN, REV. DENIS. - - 1899.--MATTHEWS, NATHAN, JR. “Be Not Afraid of Greatness.” - - 1900.--O’MEARA, STEPHEN. “Progress Through Conflict.” - - 1901.--GUILD, CURTIS, JR. “Supremacy and its Conditions.” - - 1902.--CONRY, JOSEPH A. - - 1903.--MEAD, EDWIN D. “The Principles of the Founders.” - - 1904.--SULLIVAN, JOHN A. “Boston’s Past and Present. What Will Its - Future Be?” - - 1905.--COLT, LE BARON BRADFORD. “America’s Solution of the Problem of - Government.” - - 1906.--COAKLEY, TIMOTHY WILFRED. “The American Race: Its Origin, the - Fusion of Peoples; Its Aim, Fraternity.” - - 1907.--HORTON, REV. EDWARD A. “Patriotism and the Republic.” - - 1908.--HILL, ARTHUR DEHON. “The Revolution and a Problem of the - Present.” - - 1909.--SPRING, ARTHUR LANGDON. “The Growth of Patriotism.” - - 1910.--WOLFF, JAMES HARRIS. “The Building of the Republic.” - - 1911.--ELIOT, CHARLES W. “The Independence of 1776 and the Dependence - of 1911.” - - 1912.--PELLETIER, JOSEPH C. “Respect for the Law.” - - 1913.--MACFARLAND, GRENVILLE S. “A New Declaration of Independence.” - - 1914.--SUPPLE, REV. JAMES A. “Religion: The Hope of the Nation.” - - 1915.--BRANDEIS, LOUIS D. “True Americanism.” - - 1916.--CHAPPLE, JOE MITCHELL. “The New Americanism.” - - 1917.--GALLAGHER, DANIEL J. “Americans Welded by War.” - - 1918.--FAUNCE, WILLIAM H. P. “The New Meaning of Independence Day.” - - 1919.--DECOURCY, CHARLES A. “Real and Ideal American Democracy.” - - 1920.--WISEMAN, JACOB L. “America and its Vital Problem.” - - 1921.--MURLIN, DR. L. H. “Our Great American.” - - 1922.--BURKE, DR. JEREMIAH E. “Democracy and Education.” - - 1923.--LYONS, REV. CHARLES W., S. J. “The American Mind.” - - - - -FOOTNOTES: - - -[A] Reprinted in Newport, R. I., 1774, 8vo., 19 pp. - -[B] A third edition was published in 1773. - -[1] Reprinted in Warren’s Life. The orations of 1783 to 1786 were -published in large quarto; the oration of 1787 appeared in octavo; the -oration of 1788 was printed in small quarto; all succeeding orations -appeared in octavo, with the exceptions stated under 1863 and 1876. - -[2] Passed to a second edition. - -[3] Delivered another oration in 1826. Quincy’s oration of 1798 was -reprinted, also, in Philadelphia. - -[4] Not printed. - -[5] On February 26, 1811, Peter Thacher’s name was changed to Peter -Oxenbridge Thacher. (List of Persons whose Names have been Changed in -Massachusetts, 1780-1892, p. 21.) - -[6] Six editions up to 1831. Reprinted also in his Life and Letters. - -[7] Reprinted in his Municipal History of Boston. See 1798. - -[8] Delivered another oration in 1862. - -[9] There are five or more editions; only one by the City. - -[10] Passed through three editions in Boston and one in London, and was -answered in a pamphlet, Remarks upon an Oration delivered by Charles -Sumner.... July 4th, 1845. By a Citizen of Boston. See Memoir and -Letters of Charles Sumner, by Edward L. Pierce, vol. ii. 337-384. - -[11] There is a second edition. (Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields. 1850. -49 pp. 12^o.) - -[12] First published by the City in 1892. - -[13] This and a number of the succeeding orations, up to 1861, contain -the speeches, toasts etc., of the City dinner usually given in Faneuil -Hall on the Fourth of July. - -[14] Probably four editions were printed in 1857. (Boston: Office -Boston Daily Bee 60 pp.) Not until November 22, 1864, was Mr. Alger -asked by the City to furnish a copy for publication. He granted the -request, and the first official edition (J. E. Farwell & Co., 1864, 53 -pp.) was then issued. It lacks the interesting preface and appendix of -the early editions. - -[15] There is another edition. (Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1859, 69 pp.) -A third (Boston: Rockwell & Churchill, 1882, 46 pp.) omits the dinner -at Faneuil Hall, the correspondence and events of the celebration. - -[16] There is a preliminary edition of twelve copies. (J. E. Farwell & -Co., 1863. (7), 71 pp.) It is “the first draft of the author’s address, -turned into larger, legible type, for the sole purpose of rendering -easier its public delivery.” It was done by “the liberality of the -City Authorities,” and is, typographically, the handsomest of these -orations. This resulted in the large-paper 75-page edition, printed -from the same type as the 71-page edition, but modified by the author. -It is printed “by order of the Common Council.” The regular edition is -in 60 pp., octavo size. - -[17] There is a large paper edition of fifty copies printed from this -type, and also an edition from the press of John Wilson & Son, 1876. 55 -pp. 8^o. - -[18] On Samuel Adams, a statue of whom, by Miss Anne Whitney, had just -been completed for the City. A photograph of the statue is added. - -[19] Contains a bibliography of Boston Fourth of July orations, from -1783 to 1889, inclusive, compiled by Lindsay Swift, of the Boston -Public Library. - -[20] Reprinted by the American Peace Society. - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: - - - Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_. - - Superscripted characters are preceded by a carat character: 12^o. - - Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. - - Irregularities with the footnote numbering have been corrected. - - - - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Oration: The American Mind, by Charles W. Lyons - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORATION: THE AMERICAN MIND *** - -***** This file should be named 62784-0.txt or 62784-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/7/8/62784/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, David E. 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Lyons. - </title> -<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1,h2 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - -p { - margin-top: .51em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .49em; -} - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} -h2.nobreak {page-break-before: avoid;} - -div.titlepage {text-align: center; page-break-before: always; page-break-after: always;} -div.titlepage p {text-align: center; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 2em;} - -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - - -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} -hr.tb {width: 45%; margin-left: 27.5%; margin-right: 27.5%;} -hr.tiny {width: 10%; margin-left: 45%; margin-right: 45%;} - -.ph1 {text-align: center; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;} - -.pagenum { - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; -} - -.blockquot { - margin-left: 15%; - margin-right: 15%; -} - -.center {text-align: center;} - -.hangingindent { text-indent: -3.25em; margin-left: 2em; } - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -.caption {font-weight: bold; text-align: center;} - -.xlarge {font-size: 150%;} -.large {font-size: 125%;} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; -} - - -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} - -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: - none; -} - -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's Oration: The American Mind, by Charles W. Lyons - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Oration: The American Mind - -Author: Charles W. Lyons - -Contributor: C. W. Ernst - -Release Date: July 30, 2020 [EBook #62784] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORATION: THE AMERICAN MIND *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, David E. Brown, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="" /></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/frontis.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption">C. W. Lyons S. J.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/titlepage.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="titlepage"> - -<h1><span class="large">ORATION</span><br /> - -<br /> - -THE AMERICAN MIND</h1> - -<p>BY<br /> - -<span class="large">REV. CHARLES W. LYONS, S. J.</span></p> - -<p>DELIVERED BEFORE THE CITY GOVERNMENT AND CITIZENS OF BOSTON<br /> -IN FANEUIL HALL, ON THE ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH<br /> -ANNIVERSARY OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE<br /> -OF THESE UNITED STATES, JULY 4, 1923</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/titlelogo.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p>CITY OF BOSTON<br /> -<span class="large">PRINTING DEPARTMENT</span><br /> -1923</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> -<h2 class="nobreak">THE AMERICAN MIND.</h2></div> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Fourth of July Oration, 1923.</span></p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By Rev. Charles W. Lyons, S. J.</span></p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p>In the evolution of any life, whether it be that -of an individual or of that corporate moral union -we know as society, there are times when it seems -fitting and proper to pause from the whirl of incessant -activities, turn aside from accustomed line -of thought, and let the mind run sweetly and lovingly -over a treasured past.</p> - -<p>And today our beloved country, in the fulness -of her achievement, with the memories of one -hundred and forty-seven years, one hundred and -forty-seven golden years, lived only that her children -might grow, as from eternity the Creator had destined -them to grow, in the full security of rights -that are inalienable.</p> - -<p>Today our beloved country turns to us children -of a later generation and pleads that we follow -this generous impulse of nature, and tarry for the -moment, while she lives over again the thoughts -and emotions and heroic sacrifices that gave her -birth.</p> - -<p>They were not new thoughts or unknown emotions. -As John Quincy Adams so well remarked<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> -in his scholarly discourse on the Jubilee of the -Constitution: “The Declaration of Independence -and the Constitution of the United States are parts -of one constant whole, founded upon one and the -same theory of government, then new not as a -theory, for it had been working itself into the mind -of man for many ages, but it had never before been -adopted by a great nation.”</p> - -<p>Moses, as narrated in Deuteronomy, had charged -the judges in Israel: “There shall be no difference -of persons; you shall hear the little as well as the -great; neither shall you respect any man’s person, -because it is the judgment of God.”</p> - -<p>Aristotle had taught that, “the State is not -merely an institution for repressing vice, but a -necessary formation for the full development of -humanity.”</p> - -<p>In the Magna Charter the germ of true liberty and -equality is seen in the pledges of the king to his -people: “We will not set forth against any freeman, -nor send against him, unless by the lawful judgment -of his peers and by the law of the land; to no one -will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right -or justice.”</p> - -<p>The medival councils, the military orders, the -guilds, followed centuries after by the contract of -the Pilgrim Fathers made in the cabin of the “Mayflower” -in which they “covenanted and combined -themselves into a civil body politic for their -better order and preservation,” as well as the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> -charters of the Providence Plantations, of Virginia, -and of Maryland, had accustomed the people to -joint action of mutual compact and deliberate agreement -in defense of liberty and justice which, after -all, is the mother of democracy.</p> - -<p>While the schoolmen, with scarcely an exception, -as Sidwick tells us, taught that, “governments -derive their just powers from the consent of -the governed.”</p> - -<p>“Every constitution,” says Nicholas of Cusa, -three and a half centuries before the Declaration of -Independence, “is rooted in natural law and cannot -be valid if it contradicts it.”</p> - -<p>“Since all are free by nature,” he continues, “all -government, whether by written law or a prince, -is based solely on the agreement and consent of the -subject. For if by nature men are equally powerful -and free, true and ordered power in the hands -of one can be established only by the election and -consent of the others, just as law also is established -by consent.”</p> - -<p>“It is clear, therefore,” he adds, “that the binding -validity of all constitutions is based on tacit -and expressed agreement and consent.”</p> - -<p>And although Elizabeth had asserted in 1585 that -“kings and princes sovereign owe their homage -and service only to Almighty God,” and James -defended the Divine Right of Kings, and the University -of Cambridge, in its address to Charles II, -had declared that they believed and maintained<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> -that “our kings derive not their title from the -people but from God,” “Defenders of Liberty” -were not wanting, Bellarmine declaring boldly, as -Sir Robert Filmer tells us, that “secular or civil -power is instituted by men; it is in the people unless -they bestow it on a prince. This power is immediately -in the whole multitude as in the subject -of it. For this power is in the Divine Law, but the -Divine Law hath given this power to no particular -men; if the positive law be taken away, there is -left no reason why amongst a multitude (who are -equal) one rather than another should bear rule over -the rest. Power is given by the multitude to one -man or to more by the same law of nature; for the -commonwealth cannot exercise this power, therefore -it is bound to bestow it upon some one man or -some few. It depends upon the consent of the -multitude to ordain over themselves a king or consul -or other magistrates. And if there be a lawful -cause, the multitude may change the kingdom -into an aristocracy or democracy.”</p> - -<p>These thoughts and emotions, expressed and re-expressed -by the writers, philosophers and political -leaders of their day, had seeped down through the -ages unactuated, mere themes for academic speculation, -until they filtered into the minds and souls -of those simple, yet truly great men, who, in signing -the Declaration of Independence, gave birth to the -nation we so rightfully cherish and so lovingly -serve.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>In a letter to his friend Henry Lee, dated May 8, -1825, Jefferson, as if in confirmation of what we -have just held, notes that the object of the Declaration -of Independence was “not to find out new -principles, or new arguments, never before thought -of, not merely to say things which had never before -been said; but to place before mankind the common -sense of the subject in terms so plain and firm -as to command their assent and to justify ourselves -in the independent stand we are compelled to take. -Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, -nor yet copied from any particular or previous -writing, it was intended to be an expression of the -<i>American mind</i>, and to give to that expression the -proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion. -All its authority rests then on the harmonizing -sentiments of the day, whether expressed in conversation, -in letters, printed essays, or in the elementary -books of public right, as Aristotle, Cicero, -Locke, Sidney, etc.”</p> - -<p>What, then, was this American mind, that, amid -problems vexed and theories varied, had sifted the -wisdom and folly of the past, discerning the true -from the false, the good from the evil, and “of -which,” Jefferson was pleased to say, “the Declaration -of Independence was intended to be an -expression?” And what, again, was “the proper -tone and spirit called for by the occasion” that the -Declaration of Independence was to give to this -expression of the American mind?</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>If we look more closely at the type of men whose -united action founded our nation the answer to -this question will not be far to seek. They, like -many of us here today, were either immigrants or -the immediate descendants of immigrants. They -differed in origin, in education, in race, and in -creed. They had the traditions, the affections, the -prejudices of their times and of their peoples. Yet -in common they had left home and country, led on -by a vision or an ideal that made a fitting basis -for the union that was to come. They would -break away from an effete civilization; they would -start life anew, freed from the tyranny of unjust -laws; they would enjoy liberty to worship their -God according to the dictates of their own conscience; -they would exercise, without unwarranted -interference, their natural and inalienable right to the -pursuit of happiness.</p> - -<p>Crossing, as they did, the same unknown seas, -buffeted by the same winds and waves, coming to -the same uncultivated, though not inhospitable -shores, their difficulties, their interests, their common -foe, drew them together in mutual helpfulness, -in united enterprise, and in common defense.</p> - -<p>Thus they came to know one another; thus they -learned to bear with one another; thus they grew to -love one another; and understanding, and tolerance, -and brotherly love developed the American -mind. So that, when the occasion arose, in proper -tone and spirit, it expressed itself in the immortal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> -Declaration of Independence that solved the speculative -problems of the past, secured full enjoyment -of liberty for its people, and gave hope and inspiration -to all mankind and for all time.</p> - -<p>And shall we mar the beauty of her gift? Shall -we, forgetting our common interests, our common -enterprises, our common foes, destroy the unity of -purpose and of action that is essential for individual -and national prosperity? Shall we, by misunderstanding, -by intolerance and hatred, sully the luster -of our heritage, breaking the bondage of brotherhood?</p> - -<p>Ours is a most responsible trust. We must -hand it down to posterity sacred and intact. Capital -must make truce with labor; labor must make -pact with capital; each must measure even in the -scales of justice. The rights—inalienable rights—of -man to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, -must not be infringed. The rights—natural and -civic rights—of property must not be denied. -Class prejudices, racial pride, assumed superiority, -must be dislodged from the minds of men, that -justice may function and equality and the dignity -of human nature be sustained.</p> - -<p>The home must be safeguarded, and its sanctity -preserved, that our children be protected and grow—as -nature destined them to grow—in wisdom and -grace before God and man.</p> - -<p>The school—the private and the public school—free -as speech and the press are free—must be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> -encouraged that our citizens may understand the -Constitution and our laws, and in the full development -of their intellectual faculties realize the -burdens as well as the privileges of representative -government.</p> - -<p>The church, the House of God, must have its -place of respect, that our children may continue -moral and grow in reverence for authority and for -the divine and human law.</p> - -<p>As Hamilton wrote to Washington, on the occasion -of his farewell address: “In all those dispositions -which promote political happiness, religion -and morality are essential props.”</p> - -<p>This, I take it, is the message our beloved country -would send to us today. That we be men of <i>American -mind</i>, the mind that expressed itself in the -Declaration of Independence, the mind that was -born of understanding, tolerance, and brotherly -love, the mind that didn’t hesitate to say, in the -closing words of the great document that gave to -us our nation, “For the support of this declaration, -with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine -Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our -lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.”</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> -<h2 class="nobreak"><small>A LIST</small><br /> - -<small>OF</small><br /> - -BOSTON MUNICIPAL ORATORS.</h2></div> - - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap"><small><b>By C. W. ERNST.</b></small></span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> -<h2 class="nobreak">BOSTON ORATORS<br /> - -<small><span class="smcap">Appointed by the Municipal Authorities</span>.</small></h2></div> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center"><i>For the Anniversary of the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770.</i></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—The Fifth of March orations were published in handsome quarto editions, -now very scarce; also collected in book form in 1785 and again in 1807. The oration -of 1776 was delivered in Watertown.</p></blockquote> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>1771.—<span class="smcap">Lovell, James.</span></p> - -<p>1772.—<span class="smcap">Warren, Joseph.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_1" id="FNanchor_2_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1773.—<span class="smcap">Church, Benjamin.</span><a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p> - -<p>1774.—<span class="smcap">Hancock, John.</span><a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1775.—<span class="smcap">Warren, Joseph.</span></p> - -<p>1776.—<span class="smcap">Thacher, Peter.</span></p> - -<p>1777.—<span class="smcap">Hichborn, Benjamin.</span></p> - -<p>1778.—<span class="smcap">Austin, Jonathan Williams.</span></p> - -<p>1779.—<span class="smcap">Tudor, William.</span></p> - -<p>1780.—<span class="smcap">Mason, Jonathan, Jun.</span></p> - -<p>1781.—<span class="smcap">Dawes, Thomas, Jun.</span></p> - -<p>1782.—<span class="smcap">Minot, George Richards.</span></p> - -<p>1783.—<span class="smcap">Welsh, Thomas.</span></p></div> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<p class="center"><i>For the Anniversary of National Independence, July 4, 1776.</i></p> - - - -<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—A collected edition, or a full collection, of these orations has not been made. -For the names of the orators, as officially printed on the title pages of the orations, see -the Municipal Register of 1890.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<div class="hangingindent"> -<p>1783.—<span class="smcap">Warren, John.</span><a name="FNanchor_1_3" id="FNanchor_1_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_3" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p> - -<p>1784.—<span class="smcap">Hichborn, Benjamin.</span></p> - -<p>1785.—<span class="smcap">Gardner, John.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>1786.—<span class="smcap">Austin, Jonathan Loring.</span></p> - -<p>1787.—<span class="smcap">Dawes, Thomas, Jun.</span></p> - -<p>1788.—<span class="smcap">Otis, Harrison Gray.</span></p> - -<p>1789.—<span class="smcap">Stillman, Samuel.</span></p> - -<p>1790.—<span class="smcap">Gray, Edward.</span></p> - -<p>1791.—<span class="smcap">Crafts, Thomas, Jun.</span></p> - -<p>1792.—<span class="smcap">Blake, Joseph, Jun.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_3" id="FNanchor_2_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1793.—<span class="smcap">Adams, John Quincy.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_4" id="FNanchor_2_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1794.—<span class="smcap">Phillips, John.</span></p> - -<p>1795.—<span class="smcap">Blake, George.</span></p> - -<p>1796.—<span class="smcap">Lathrop, John, Jun.</span></p> - -<p>1797.—<span class="smcap">Callender, John.</span></p> - -<p>1798.—<span class="smcap">Quincy, Josiah.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_5" id="FNanchor_2_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><a name="FNanchor_3_5" id="FNanchor_3_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_5" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p> - -<p>1799.—<span class="smcap">Lowell, John, Jun.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_6" id="FNanchor_2_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1800.—<span class="smcap">Hall, Joseph.</span></p> - -<p>1801.—<span class="smcap">Paine, Charles.</span></p> - -<p>1802.—<span class="smcap">Emerson, William.</span></p> - -<p>1803.—<span class="smcap">Sullivan, William.</span></p> - -<p>1804.—<span class="smcap">Danforth, Thomas.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_7" id="FNanchor_2_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1805.—<span class="smcap">Dutton, Warren.</span></p> - -<p>1806.—<span class="smcap">Channing, Francis Dana.</span><a name="FNanchor_4_6" id="FNanchor_4_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_6" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p> - -<p>1807.—<span class="smcap">Thacher, Peter.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_8" id="FNanchor_2_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><a name="FNanchor_5_7" id="FNanchor_5_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_7" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p> - -<p>1808.—<span class="smcap">Ritchie, Andrew, Jun.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_9" id="FNanchor_2_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1809.—<span class="smcap">Tudor, William, Jun.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_10" id="FNanchor_2_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1810.—<span class="smcap">Townsend, Alexander.</span></p> - -<p>1811.—<span class="smcap">Savage, James.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_11" id="FNanchor_2_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1812.—<span class="smcap">Pollard, Benjamin.</span><a name="FNanchor_4_7" id="FNanchor_4_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_6" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p> - -<p>1813.—<span class="smcap">Livermore, Edward St. Loe.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>1814.—<span class="smcap">Whitwell, Benjamin.</span></p> - -<p>1815.—<span class="smcap">Shaw, Lemuel.</span></p> - -<p>1816.—<span class="smcap">Sullivan, George.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_12" id="FNanchor_2_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1817.—<span class="smcap">Channing, Edward Tyrrel.</span></p> - -<p>1818.—<span class="smcap">Gray, Francis Calley.</span></p> - -<p>1819.—<span class="smcap">Dexter, Franklin.</span></p> - -<p>1820.—<span class="smcap">Lyman, Theodore, Jun.</span></p> - -<p>1821.—<span class="smcap">Loring, Charles Greely.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_13" id="FNanchor_2_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1822.—<span class="smcap">Gray, John Chipman.</span></p> - -<p>1823.—<span class="smcap">Curtis, Charles Pelham.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_14" id="FNanchor_2_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1824.—<span class="smcap">Bassett, Francis.</span></p> - -<p>1825.—<span class="smcap">Sprague, Charles.</span><a name="FNanchor_6_8" id="FNanchor_6_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_8" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p> - -<p>1826.—<span class="smcap">Quincy, Josiah.</span><a name="FNanchor_7_9" id="FNanchor_7_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_9" class="fnanchor">[7]</a></p> - -<p>1827.—<span class="smcap">Mason, William Powell.</span></p> - -<p>1828.—<span class="smcap">Sumner, Bradford.</span></p> - -<p>1829.—<span class="smcap">Austin, James Trecothick.</span></p> - -<p>1830.—<span class="smcap">Everett, Alexander Hill.</span></p> - -<p>1831.—<span class="smcap">Palfrey, John Gorham.</span></p> - -<p>1832.—<span class="smcap">Quincy, Josiah, Jun.</span></p> - -<p>1833.—<span class="smcap">Prescott, Edward Goldsborough.</span></p> - -<p>1834.—<span class="smcap">Fay, Richard Sullivan.</span></p> - -<p>1835.—<span class="smcap">Hillard, George Stillman.</span></p> - -<p>1836.—<span class="smcap">Kinsman, Henry Willis.</span></p> - -<p>1837.—<span class="smcap">Chapman, Jonathan.</span></p> - -<p>1838.—<span class="smcap">Winslow, Hubbard.</span> “The Means of the Perpetuity and Prosperity of our Republic.”</p> - -<p>1839.—<span class="smcap">Austin, Ivers James.</span></p> - -<p>1840.—<span class="smcap">Power, Thomas.</span></p> - -<p>1841.—<span class="smcap">Curtis, George Ticknor.</span><a name="FNanchor_8_10" id="FNanchor_8_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_10" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> “The True Uses of American Revolutionary History.”</p> - -<p>1842.—<span class="smcap">Mann, Horace.</span><a name="FNanchor_9_11" id="FNanchor_9_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_11" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>1843.—<span class="smcap">Adams, Charles Francis.</span></p> - -<p>1844.—<span class="smcap">Chandler, Peleg Whitman.</span> “The Morals of Freedom.”</p> - -<p>1845.—<span class="smcap">Sumner, Charles.</span><a name="FNanchor_10_12" id="FNanchor_10_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_12" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> “The True Grandeur of Nations.”</p> - -<p>1846.—<span class="smcap">Webster, Fletcher.</span></p> - -<p>1847.—<span class="smcap">Gary, Thomas Greaves.</span></p> - -<p>1848.—<span class="smcap">Giles, Joel.</span> “Practical Liberty.”</p> - -<p>1849.—<span class="smcap">Greenough, William Whitwell.</span> “The Conquering Republic.”</p> - -<p>1850.—<span class="smcap">Whipple, Edwin Percy.</span><a name="FNanchor_11_13" id="FNanchor_11_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_13" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> “Washington and the Principles of the Revolution.”</p> - -<p>1851.—<span class="smcap">Russell, Charles Theodore.</span></p> - -<p>1852.—<span class="smcap">King, Thomas Starr.</span> “The Organization of Liberty on the Western Continent.”<a name="FNanchor_12_14" id="FNanchor_12_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_14" class="fnanchor">[12]</a></p> - -<p>1853.—<span class="smcap">Bigelow, Timothy.</span><a name="FNanchor_13_15" id="FNanchor_13_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_15" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></p> - -<p>1854.—<span class="smcap">Stone, Andrew Leete.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_15" id="FNanchor_2_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> “The Struggles of American History.”</p> - -<p>1855.—<span class="smcap">Miner, Alonzo Ames.</span></p> - -<p>1856.—<span class="smcap">Parker, Edward Griffin.</span> “The Lesson of ’76 to the Men of ’56.”</p> - -<p>1857.—<span class="smcap">Alger, William Rounseville.</span><a name="FNanchor_14_16" id="FNanchor_14_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_16" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> “The Genius and Posture of America.”</p> - -<p>1858.—<span class="smcap">Holmes, John Somers.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_16" id="FNanchor_2_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1859.—<span class="smcap">Sumner, George.</span><a name="FNanchor_4_8" id="FNanchor_4_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_6" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><a name="FNanchor_15_17" id="FNanchor_15_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_17" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></p> - -<p>1860.—<span class="smcap">Everett, Edward.</span></p> - -<p>1861.—<span class="smcap">Parsons, Theophilus.</span></p> - -<p>1862.—<span class="smcap">Curtis, Thomas Ticknor.</span><a name="FNanchor_8_11" id="FNanchor_8_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_10" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></p> - -<p>1863.—<span class="smcap">Holmes, Oliver Wendell.</span><a name="FNanchor_16_18" id="FNanchor_16_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_18" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>1864.—<span class="smcap">Russell, Thomas.</span></p> - -<p>1865.—<span class="smcap">Manning, Jacob Merrill.</span> “Peace under Liberty.”<a name="FNanchor_2_17" id="FNanchor_2_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>1866.—<span class="smcap">Lothrop, Samuel Kirkland.</span></p> - -<p>1867.—<span class="smcap">Hepworth, George Hughes.</span></p> - -<p>1868.—<span class="smcap">Eliot, Samuel.</span> “The Functions of a City.”</p> - -<p>1869.—<span class="smcap">Morton, Ellis Wesley.</span></p> - -<p>1870.—<span class="smcap">Everett, William.</span></p> - -<p>1871.—<span class="smcap">Sargent, Horace Binney.</span></p> - -<p>1872.—<span class="smcap">Adams, Charles Francis, Jun.</span></p> - -<p>1873.—<span class="smcap">Ware, John Fothergill Waterhouse.</span></p> - -<p>1874.—<span class="smcap">Frothingham, Richard.</span></p> - -<p>1875.—<span class="smcap">Clarke, James Freeman.</span> “Worth of Republican Institutions.”</p> - -<p>1876.—<span class="smcap">Winthrop, Robert Charles.</span><a name="FNanchor_17_19" id="FNanchor_17_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_19" class="fnanchor">[17]</a></p> - -<p>1877.—<span class="smcap">Warren, William Wirt.</span></p> - -<p>1878.—<span class="smcap">Healy, Joseph.</span></p> - -<p>1879.—<span class="smcap">Lodge, Henry Cabot.</span></p> - -<p>1880.—<span class="smcap">Smith, Robert Dickson.</span><a name="FNanchor_18_20" id="FNanchor_18_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_20" class="fnanchor">[18]</a></p> - -<p>1881.—<span class="smcap">Warren, George Washington.</span> “Our Republic—Liberty and Equality Founded on Law.”</p> - -<p>1882.—<span class="smcap">Long, John Davis.</span></p> - -<p>1883.—<span class="smcap">Carpenter, Henry Bernard.</span> “American Character and Influence.”</p> - -<p>1884.—<span class="smcap">Shepard, Harvey Newton.</span></p> - -<p>1885.—<span class="smcap">Gargan, Thomas John.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>1886.—<span class="smcap">Williams, George Frederick.</span></p> - -<p>1887.—<span class="smcap">Fitzgerald, John Edward.</span></p> - -<p>1888.—<span class="smcap">Dillaway, William Edward Lovell.</span></p> - -<p>1889.—<span class="smcap">Swift, John Lindsay.</span><a name="FNanchor_19_21" id="FNanchor_19_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_21" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> “The American Citizen.”</p> - -<p>1890.—<span class="smcap">Pillsbury, Albert Enoch.</span> “Public Spirit.”</p> - -<p>1891.—<span class="smcap">Quincy, Josiah.</span><a name="FNanchor_20_22" id="FNanchor_20_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_22" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> “The Coming Peace.”</p> - -<p>1892.—<span class="smcap">Murphy, John Robert.</span></p> - -<p>1893.—<span class="smcap">Putnam, Henry Ware.</span> “The Mission of Our People.”</p> - -<p>1894.—<span class="smcap">O’Neil, Joseph Henry.</span></p> - -<p>1895.—<span class="smcap">Berle, Adolph Augustus.</span> “The Constitution and the Citizens.”</p> - -<p>1896.—<span class="smcap">Fitzgerald, John Francis.</span></p> - -<p>1897.—<span class="smcap">Hale, Edward Everett.</span> “The Contribution of Boston to American Independence.”</p> - -<p>1898.—<span class="smcap">O’Callaghan, Rev. Denis.</span></p> - -<p>1899.—<span class="smcap">Matthews, Nathan, Jr.</span> “Be Not Afraid of Greatness.”</p> - -<p>1900.—<span class="smcap">O’Meara, Stephen.</span> “Progress Through Conflict.”</p> - -<p>1901.—<span class="smcap">Guild, Curtis, Jr.</span> “Supremacy and its Conditions.”</p> - -<p>1902.—<span class="smcap">Conry, Joseph A.</span></p> - -<p>1903.—<span class="smcap">Mead, Edwin D.</span> “The Principles of the Founders.”</p> - -<p>1904.—<span class="smcap">Sullivan, John A.</span> “Boston’s Past and Present. What Will Its Future Be?”</p> - -<p>1905.—<span class="smcap">Colt, Le Baron Bradford.</span> “America’s Solution of the Problem of Government.”</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>1906.—<span class="smcap">Coakley, Timothy Wilfred.</span> “The American Race: Its Origin, the Fusion of Peoples; Its Aim, Fraternity.”</p> - -<p>1907.—<span class="smcap">Horton, Rev. Edward A.</span> “Patriotism and the Republic.”</p> - -<p>1908.—<span class="smcap">Hill, Arthur Dehon.</span> “The Revolution and a Problem of the Present.”</p> - -<p>1909.—<span class="smcap">Spring, Arthur Langdon.</span> “The Growth of Patriotism.”</p> - -<p>1910.—<span class="smcap">Wolff, James Harris.</span> “The Building of the Republic.”</p> - -<p>1911.—<span class="smcap">Eliot, Charles W.</span> “The Independence of 1776 and the Dependence of 1911.”</p> - -<p>1912.—<span class="smcap">Pelletier, Joseph C.</span> “Respect for the Law.”</p> - -<p>1913.—<span class="smcap">MacFarland, Grenville S.</span> “A New Declaration of Independence.”</p> - -<p>1914.—<span class="smcap">Supple, Rev. James A.</span> “Religion: The Hope of the Nation.”</p> - -<p>1915.—<span class="smcap">Brandeis, Louis D.</span> “True Americanism.”</p> - -<p>1916.—<span class="smcap">Chapple, Joe Mitchell.</span> “The New Americanism.”</p> - -<p>1917.—<span class="smcap">Gallagher, Daniel J.</span> “Americans Welded by War.”</p> - -<p>1918.—<span class="smcap">Faunce, William H. P.</span> “The New Meaning of Independence Day.”</p> - -<p>1919.—<span class="smcap">DeCourcy, Charles A.</span> “Real and Ideal American Democracy.”</p> - -<p>1920.—<span class="smcap">Wiseman, Jacob L.</span> “America and its Vital Problem.”</p> - -<p>1921.—<span class="smcap">Murlin, Dr. L. H.</span> “Our Great American.”</p> - -<p>1922.—<span class="smcap">Burke, Dr. Jeremiah E.</span> “Democracy and Education.”</p> - -<p>1923.—<span class="smcap">Lyons, Rev. Charles W., S. J.</span> “The American Mind.”</p></div></div> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="ph1"><span class="large">FOOTNOTES:</span></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Reprinted in Newport, R. I., 1774, 8vo., 19 pp.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> A third edition was published in 1773.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1_3" id="Footnote_1_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_3"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Reprinted in Warren’s Life. The orations of 1783 to 1786 were published in large -quarto; the oration of 1787 appeared in octavo; the oration of 1788 was printed in small -quarto; all succeeding orations appeared in octavo, with the exceptions stated under 1863 -and 1876.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2_4" id="Footnote_2_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_4"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Passed to a second edition.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3_5" id="Footnote_3_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_5"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Delivered another oration in 1826. Quincy’s oration of 1798 was reprinted, also, -in Philadelphia.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4_6" id="Footnote_4_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_6"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Not printed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5_7" id="Footnote_5_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_7"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> On February 26, 1811, Peter Thacher’s name was changed to Peter Oxenbridge Thacher. -(List of Persons whose Names have been Changed in Massachusetts, 1780-1892, p. 21.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6_8" id="Footnote_6_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_8"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Six editions up to 1831. Reprinted also in his Life and Letters.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_7_9" id="Footnote_7_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_9"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Reprinted in his Municipal History of Boston. See 1798.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_8_10" id="Footnote_8_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_10"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Delivered another oration in 1862.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_9_11" id="Footnote_9_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_11"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> There are five or more editions; only one by the City.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_10_12" id="Footnote_10_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_12"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Passed through three editions in Boston and one in London, and was answered in a -pamphlet, Remarks upon an Oration delivered by Charles Sumner.... July 4th, -1845. By a Citizen of Boston. See Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner, by Edward -L. Pierce, vol. ii. 337-384.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_11_13" id="Footnote_11_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_13"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> There is a second edition. (Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields. 1850. 49 pp. 12<sup>o</sup>.)</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_12_14" id="Footnote_12_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_14"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> First published by the City in 1892.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_13_15" id="Footnote_13_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_15"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> This and a number of the succeeding orations, up to 1861, contain the speeches, toasts -etc., of the City dinner usually given in Faneuil Hall on the Fourth of July.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_14_16" id="Footnote_14_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_16"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Probably four editions were printed in 1857. (Boston: Office Boston Daily Bee -60 pp.) Not until November 22, 1864, was Mr. Alger asked by the City to furnish a -copy for publication. He granted the request, and the first official edition (J. E. Farwell -& Co., 1864, 53 pp.) was then issued. It lacks the interesting preface and appendix -of the early editions.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_15_17" id="Footnote_15_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_17"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> There is another edition. (Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1859, 69 pp.) A third (Boston: -Rockwell & Churchill, 1882, 46 pp.) omits the dinner at Faneuil Hall, the correspondence -and events of the celebration.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_16_18" id="Footnote_16_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_18"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> There is a preliminary edition of twelve copies. (J. E. Farwell & Co., 1863. (7), -71 pp.) It is “the first draft of the author’s address, turned into larger, legible type, -for the sole purpose of rendering easier its public delivery.” It was done by “the liberality -of the City Authorities,” and is, typographically, the handsomest of these orations. This -resulted in the large-paper 75-page edition, printed from the same type as the 71-page -edition, but modified by the author. It is printed “by order of the Common Council.” -The regular edition is in 60 pp., octavo size.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_17_19" id="Footnote_17_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_19"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> There is a large paper edition of fifty copies printed from this type, and also an edition -from the press of John Wilson & Son, 1876. 55 pp. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_18_20" id="Footnote_18_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_20"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> On Samuel Adams, a statue of whom, by Miss Anne Whitney, had just been completed -for the City. A photograph of the statue is added.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_19_21" id="Footnote_19_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_21"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> Contains a bibliography of Boston Fourth of July orations, from 1783 to 1889, inclusive, -compiled by Lindsay Swift, of the Boston Public Library.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_20_22" id="Footnote_20_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_22"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Reprinted by the American Peace Society.</p></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="transnote"> -<p class="ph1">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:</p> - - -<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p> - -<p>Irregularities with the footnote numbering have been corrected.</p> -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Oration: The American Mind, by Charles W. 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