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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
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+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #62784 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62784)
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-Project Gutenberg's Oration: The American Mind, by Charles W. Lyons
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: Oration: The American Mind
-
-Author: Charles W. Lyons
-
-Contributor: C. W. Ernst
-
-Release Date: July 30, 2020 [EBook #62784]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORATION: THE AMERICAN MIND ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Charlene Taylor, David E. Brown, and the Online
-Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
-file was produced from images generously made available
-by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: C. W. Lyons S. J.]
-
-
-
-
- ORATION
-
- THE AMERICAN MIND
-
- BY
-
- REV. CHARLES W. LYONS, S. J.
-
- DELIVERED BEFORE THE CITY GOVERNMENT AND CITIZENS OF BOSTON
- IN FANEUIL HALL, ON THE ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH
- ANNIVERSARY OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
- OF THESE UNITED STATES, JULY 4, 1923
-
- [Illustration]
-
- CITY OF BOSTON
- PRINTING DEPARTMENT
- 1923
-
-
-
-
-THE AMERICAN MIND.
-
-FOURTH OF JULY ORATION, 1923.
-
-BY REV. CHARLES W. LYONS, S. J.
-
-
-In the evolution of any life, whether it be that of an individual or
-of that corporate moral union we know as society, there are times
-when it seems fitting and proper to pause from the whirl of incessant
-activities, turn aside from accustomed line of thought, and let the
-mind run sweetly and lovingly over a treasured past.
-
-And today our beloved country, in the fulness of her achievement, with
-the memories of one hundred and forty-seven years, one hundred and
-forty-seven golden years, lived only that her children might grow,
-as from eternity the Creator had destined them to grow, in the full
-security of rights that are inalienable.
-
-Today our beloved country turns to us children of a later generation
-and pleads that we follow this generous impulse of nature, and tarry
-for the moment, while she lives over again the thoughts and emotions
-and heroic sacrifices that gave her birth.
-
-They were not new thoughts or unknown emotions. As John Quincy Adams
-so well remarked in his scholarly discourse on the Jubilee of the
-Constitution: “The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of
-the United States are parts of one constant whole, founded upon one
-and the same theory of government, then new not as a theory, for it
-had been working itself into the mind of man for many ages, but it had
-never before been adopted by a great nation.”
-
-Moses, as narrated in Deuteronomy, had charged the judges in Israel:
-“There shall be no difference of persons; you shall hear the little as
-well as the great; neither shall you respect any man’s person, because
-it is the judgment of God.”
-
-Aristotle had taught that, “the State is not merely an institution for
-repressing vice, but a necessary formation for the full development of
-humanity.”
-
-In the Magna Charter the germ of true liberty and equality is seen in
-the pledges of the king to his people: “We will not set forth against
-any freeman, nor send against him, unless by the lawful judgment of his
-peers and by the law of the land; to no one will we sell, to no one
-will we refuse or delay right or justice.”
-
-The mediæval councils, the military orders, the guilds, followed
-centuries after by the contract of the Pilgrim Fathers made in the
-cabin of the “Mayflower” in which they “covenanted and combined
-themselves into a civil body politic for their better order and
-preservation,” as well as the charters of the Providence Plantations,
-of Virginia, and of Maryland, had accustomed the people to joint action
-of mutual compact and deliberate agreement in defense of liberty and
-justice which, after all, is the mother of democracy.
-
-While the schoolmen, with scarcely an exception, as Sidwick tells us,
-taught that, “governments derive their just powers from the consent of
-the governed.”
-
-“Every constitution,” says Nicholas of Cusa, three and a half centuries
-before the Declaration of Independence, “is rooted in natural law and
-cannot be valid if it contradicts it.”
-
-“Since all are free by nature,” he continues, “all government, whether
-by written law or a prince, is based solely on the agreement and
-consent of the subject. For if by nature men are equally powerful and
-free, true and ordered power in the hands of one can be established
-only by the election and consent of the others, just as law also is
-established by consent.”
-
-“It is clear, therefore,” he adds, “that the binding validity of all
-constitutions is based on tacit and expressed agreement and consent.”
-
-And although Elizabeth had asserted in 1585 that “kings and princes
-sovereign owe their homage and service only to Almighty God,” and James
-defended the Divine Right of Kings, and the University of Cambridge,
-in its address to Charles II, had declared that they believed and
-maintained that “our kings derive not their title from the people
-but from God,” “Defenders of Liberty” were not wanting, Bellarmine
-declaring boldly, as Sir Robert Filmer tells us, that “secular or civil
-power is instituted by men; it is in the people unless they bestow it
-on a prince. This power is immediately in the whole multitude as in
-the subject of it. For this power is in the Divine Law, but the Divine
-Law hath given this power to no particular men; if the positive law be
-taken away, there is left no reason why amongst a multitude (who are
-equal) one rather than another should bear rule over the rest. Power is
-given by the multitude to one man or to more by the same law of nature;
-for the commonwealth cannot exercise this power, therefore it is bound
-to bestow it upon some one man or some few. It depends upon the consent
-of the multitude to ordain over themselves a king or consul or other
-magistrates. And if there be a lawful cause, the multitude may change
-the kingdom into an aristocracy or democracy.”
-
-These thoughts and emotions, expressed and re-expressed by the writers,
-philosophers and political leaders of their day, had seeped down
-through the ages unactuated, mere themes for academic speculation,
-until they filtered into the minds and souls of those simple, yet truly
-great men, who, in signing the Declaration of Independence, gave birth
-to the nation we so rightfully cherish and so lovingly serve.
-
-In a letter to his friend Henry Lee, dated May 8, 1825, Jefferson, as
-if in confirmation of what we have just held, notes that the object of
-the Declaration of Independence was “not to find out new principles,
-or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things
-which had never before been said; but to place before mankind the
-common sense of the subject in terms so plain and firm as to command
-their assent and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we
-are compelled to take. Neither aiming at originality of principle or
-sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular or previous writing, it
-was intended to be an expression of the _American mind_, and to give to
-that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion.
-All its authority rests then on the harmonizing sentiments of the day,
-whether expressed in conversation, in letters, printed essays, or in
-the elementary books of public right, as Aristotle, Cicero, Locke,
-Sidney, etc.”
-
-What, then, was this American mind, that, amid problems vexed and
-theories varied, had sifted the wisdom and folly of the past,
-discerning the true from the false, the good from the evil, and “of
-which,” Jefferson was pleased to say, “the Declaration of Independence
-was intended to be an expression?” And what, again, was “the proper
-tone and spirit called for by the occasion” that the Declaration of
-Independence was to give to this expression of the American mind?
-
-If we look more closely at the type of men whose united action founded
-our nation the answer to this question will not be far to seek. They,
-like many of us here today, were either immigrants or the immediate
-descendants of immigrants. They differed in origin, in education,
-in race, and in creed. They had the traditions, the affections, the
-prejudices of their times and of their peoples. Yet in common they
-had left home and country, led on by a vision or an ideal that made a
-fitting basis for the union that was to come. They would break away
-from an effete civilization; they would start life anew, freed from the
-tyranny of unjust laws; they would enjoy liberty to worship their God
-according to the dictates of their own conscience; they would exercise,
-without unwarranted interference, their natural and inalienable right
-to the pursuit of happiness.
-
-Crossing, as they did, the same unknown seas, buffeted by the
-same winds and waves, coming to the same uncultivated, though not
-inhospitable shores, their difficulties, their interests, their common
-foe, drew them together in mutual helpfulness, in united enterprise,
-and in common defense.
-
-Thus they came to know one another; thus they learned to bear with
-one another; thus they grew to love one another; and understanding,
-and tolerance, and brotherly love developed the American mind. So
-that, when the occasion arose, in proper tone and spirit, it expressed
-itself in the immortal Declaration of Independence that solved the
-speculative problems of the past, secured full enjoyment of liberty for
-its people, and gave hope and inspiration to all mankind and for all
-time.
-
-And shall we mar the beauty of her gift? Shall we, forgetting our
-common interests, our common enterprises, our common foes, destroy the
-unity of purpose and of action that is essential for individual and
-national prosperity? Shall we, by misunderstanding, by intolerance
-and hatred, sully the luster of our heritage, breaking the bondage of
-brotherhood?
-
-Ours is a most responsible trust. We must hand it down to posterity
-sacred and intact. Capital must make truce with labor; labor must make
-pact with capital; each must measure even in the scales of justice. The
-rights--inalienable rights--of man to life, liberty and the pursuit
-of happiness, must not be infringed. The rights--natural and civic
-rights--of property must not be denied. Class prejudices, racial pride,
-assumed superiority, must be dislodged from the minds of men, that
-justice may function and equality and the dignity of human nature be
-sustained.
-
-The home must be safeguarded, and its sanctity preserved, that our
-children be protected and grow--as nature destined them to grow--in
-wisdom and grace before God and man.
-
-The school--the private and the public school--free as speech and the
-press are free--must be encouraged that our citizens may understand
-the Constitution and our laws, and in the full development of their
-intellectual faculties realize the burdens as well as the privileges of
-representative government.
-
-The church, the House of God, must have its place of respect, that our
-children may continue moral and grow in reverence for authority and for
-the divine and human law.
-
-As Hamilton wrote to Washington, on the occasion of his farewell
-address: “In all those dispositions which promote political happiness,
-religion and morality are essential props.”
-
-This, I take it, is the message our beloved country would send to us
-today. That we be men of _American mind_, the mind that expressed
-itself in the Declaration of Independence, the mind that was born of
-understanding, tolerance, and brotherly love, the mind that didn’t
-hesitate to say, in the closing words of the great document that gave
-to us our nation, “For the support of this declaration, with a firm
-reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to
-each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.”
-
-
-
-
- A LIST
- OF
- BOSTON MUNICIPAL ORATORS.
-
- BY C. W. ERNST.
-
-
-
-
-BOSTON ORATORS
-
-APPOINTED BY THE MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES.
-
-
-_For the Anniversary of the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770._
-
- NOTE.--The Fifth of March orations were published in handsome quarto
- editions, now very scarce; also collected in book form in 1785 and
- again in 1807. The oration of 1776 was delivered in Watertown.
-
- 1771.--LOVELL, JAMES.
-
- 1772.--WARREN, JOSEPH.[2]
-
- 1773.--CHURCH, BENJAMIN.[B]
-
- 1774.--HANCOCK, JOHN.[A][2]
-
- 1775.--WARREN, JOSEPH.
-
- 1776.--THACHER, PETER.
-
- 1777.--HICHBORN, BENJAMIN.
-
- 1778.--AUSTIN, JONATHAN WILLIAMS.
-
- 1779.--TUDOR, WILLIAM.
-
- 1780.--MASON, JONATHAN, JUN.
-
- 1781.--DAWES, THOMAS, JUN.
-
- 1782.--MINOT, GEORGE RICHARDS.
-
- 1783.--WELSH, THOMAS.
-
-
-_For the Anniversary of National Independence, July 4, 1776._
-
- NOTE.--A collected edition, or a full collection, of these orations
- has not been made. For the names of the orators, as officially
- printed on the title pages of the orations, see the Municipal
- Register of 1890.
-
- 1783.--WARREN, JOHN.[1]
-
- 1784.--HICHBORN, BENJAMIN.
-
- 1785.--GARDNER, JOHN.
-
- 1786.--AUSTIN, JONATHAN LORING.
-
- 1787.--DAWES, THOMAS, JUN.
-
- 1788.--OTIS, HARRISON GRAY.
-
- 1789.--STILLMAN, SAMUEL.
-
- 1790.--GRAY, EDWARD.
-
- 1791.--CRAFTS, THOMAS, JUN.
-
- 1792.--BLAKE, JOSEPH, JUN.[2]
-
- 1793.--ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY.[2]
-
- 1794.--PHILLIPS, JOHN.
-
- 1795.--BLAKE, GEORGE.
-
- 1796.--LATHROP, JOHN, JUN.
-
- 1797.--CALLENDER, JOHN.
-
- 1798.--QUINCY, JOSIAH.[2][3]
-
- 1799.--LOWELL, JOHN, JUN.[2]
-
- 1800.--HALL, JOSEPH.
-
- 1801.--PAINE, CHARLES.
-
- 1802.--EMERSON, WILLIAM.
-
- 1803.--SULLIVAN, WILLIAM.
-
- 1804.--DANFORTH, THOMAS.[2]
-
- 1805.--DUTTON, WARREN.
-
- 1806.--CHANNING, FRANCIS DANA.[4]
-
- 1807.--THACHER, PETER.[2][5]
-
- 1808.--RITCHIE, ANDREW, JUN.[2]
-
- 1809.--TUDOR, WILLIAM, JUN.[2]
-
- 1810.--TOWNSEND, ALEXANDER.
-
- 1811.--SAVAGE, JAMES.[2]
-
- 1812.--POLLARD, BENJAMIN.[4]
-
- 1813.--LIVERMORE, EDWARD ST. LOE.
-
- 1814.--WHITWELL, BENJAMIN.
-
- 1815.--SHAW, LEMUEL.
-
- 1816.--SULLIVAN, GEORGE.[2]
-
- 1817.--CHANNING, EDWARD TYRREL.
-
- 1818.--GRAY, FRANCIS CALLEY.
-
- 1819.--DEXTER, FRANKLIN.
-
- 1820.--LYMAN, THEODORE, JUN.
-
- 1821.--LORING, CHARLES GREELY.[2]
-
- 1822.--GRAY, JOHN CHIPMAN.
-
- 1823.--CURTIS, CHARLES PELHAM.[2]
-
- 1824.--BASSETT, FRANCIS.
-
- 1825.--SPRAGUE, CHARLES.[6]
-
- 1826.--QUINCY, JOSIAH.[7]
-
- 1827.--MASON, WILLIAM POWELL.
-
- 1828.--SUMNER, BRADFORD.
-
- 1829.--AUSTIN, JAMES TRECOTHICK.
-
- 1830.--EVERETT, ALEXANDER HILL.
-
- 1831.--PALFREY, JOHN GORHAM.
-
- 1832.--QUINCY, JOSIAH, JUN.
-
- 1833.--PRESCOTT, EDWARD GOLDSBOROUGH.
-
- 1834.--FAY, RICHARD SULLIVAN.
-
- 1835.--HILLARD, GEORGE STILLMAN.
-
- 1836.--KINSMAN, HENRY WILLIS.
-
- 1837.--CHAPMAN, JONATHAN.
-
- 1838.--WINSLOW, HUBBARD. “The Means of the Perpetuity and Prosperity
- of our Republic.”
-
- 1839.--AUSTIN, IVERS JAMES.
-
- 1840.--POWER, THOMAS.
-
- 1841.--CURTIS, GEORGE TICKNOR.[8] “The True Uses of American
- Revolutionary History.”
-
- 1842.--MANN, HORACE.[9]
-
- 1843.--ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS.
-
- 1844.--CHANDLER, PELEG WHITMAN. “The Morals of Freedom.”
-
- 1845.--SUMNER, CHARLES.[10] “The True Grandeur of Nations.”
-
- 1846.--WEBSTER, FLETCHER.
-
- 1847.--GARY, THOMAS GREAVES.
-
- 1848.--GILES, JOEL. “Practical Liberty.”
-
- 1849.--GREENOUGH, WILLIAM WHITWELL. “The Conquering Republic.”
-
- 1850.--WHIPPLE, EDWIN PERCY.[11] “Washington and the Principles of
- the Revolution.”
-
- 1851.--RUSSELL, CHARLES THEODORE.
-
- 1852.--KING, THOMAS STARR. “The Organization of Liberty on the
- Western Continent.”[12]
-
- 1853.--BIGELOW, TIMOTHY.[13]
-
- 1854.--STONE, ANDREW LEETE.[2] “The Struggles of American History.”
-
- 1855.--MINER, ALONZO AMES.
-
- 1856.--PARKER, EDWARD GRIFFIN. “The Lesson of ’76 to the Men of ’56.”
-
- 1857.--ALGER, WILLIAM ROUNSEVILLE.[14] “The Genius and Posture of
- America.”
-
- 1858.--HOLMES, JOHN SOMERS.[2]
-
- 1859.--SUMNER, GEORGE.[4][15]
-
- 1860.--EVERETT, EDWARD.
-
- 1861.--PARSONS, THEOPHILUS.
-
- 1862.--CURTIS, THOMAS TICKNOR.[8]
-
- 1863.--HOLMES, OLIVER WENDELL.[16]
-
- 1864.--RUSSELL, THOMAS.
-
- 1865.--MANNING, JACOB MERRILL. “Peace under Liberty.”[2]
-
- 1866.--LOTHROP, SAMUEL KIRKLAND.
-
- 1867.--HEPWORTH, GEORGE HUGHES.
-
- 1868.--ELIOT, SAMUEL. “The Functions of a City.”
-
- 1869.--MORTON, ELLIS WESLEY.
-
- 1870.--EVERETT, WILLIAM.
-
- 1871.--SARGENT, HORACE BINNEY.
-
- 1872.--ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS, JUN.
-
- 1873.--WARE, JOHN FOTHERGILL WATERHOUSE.
-
- 1874.--FROTHINGHAM, RICHARD.
-
- 1875.--CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN. “Worth of Republican Institutions.”
-
- 1876.--WINTHROP, ROBERT CHARLES.[17]
-
- 1877.--WARREN, WILLIAM WIRT.
-
- 1878.--HEALY, JOSEPH.
-
- 1879.--LODGE, HENRY CABOT.
-
- 1880.--SMITH, ROBERT DICKSON.[18]
-
- 1881.--WARREN, GEORGE WASHINGTON. “Our Republic--Liberty and Equality
- Founded on Law.”
-
- 1882.--LONG, JOHN DAVIS.
-
- 1883.--CARPENTER, HENRY BERNARD. “American Character and Influence.”
-
- 1884.--SHEPARD, HARVEY NEWTON.
-
- 1885.--GARGAN, THOMAS JOHN.
-
- 1886.--WILLIAMS, GEORGE FREDERICK.
-
- 1887.--FITZGERALD, JOHN EDWARD.
-
- 1888.--DILLAWAY, WILLIAM EDWARD LOVELL.
-
- 1889.--SWIFT, JOHN LINDSAY.[19] “The American Citizen.”
-
- 1890.--PILLSBURY, ALBERT ENOCH. “Public Spirit.”
-
- 1891.--QUINCY, JOSIAH.[20] “The Coming Peace.”
-
- 1892.--MURPHY, JOHN ROBERT.
-
- 1893.--PUTNAM, HENRY WARE. “The Mission of Our People.”
-
- 1894.--O’NEIL, JOSEPH HENRY.
-
- 1895.--BERLE, ADOLPH AUGUSTUS. “The Constitution and the Citizens.”
-
- 1896.--FITZGERALD, JOHN FRANCIS.
-
- 1897.--HALE, EDWARD EVERETT. “The Contribution of Boston to American
- Independence.”
-
- 1898.--O’CALLAGHAN, REV. DENIS.
-
- 1899.--MATTHEWS, NATHAN, JR. “Be Not Afraid of Greatness.”
-
- 1900.--O’MEARA, STEPHEN. “Progress Through Conflict.”
-
- 1901.--GUILD, CURTIS, JR. “Supremacy and its Conditions.”
-
- 1902.--CONRY, JOSEPH A.
-
- 1903.--MEAD, EDWIN D. “The Principles of the Founders.”
-
- 1904.--SULLIVAN, JOHN A. “Boston’s Past and Present. What Will Its
- Future Be?”
-
- 1905.--COLT, LE BARON BRADFORD. “America’s Solution of the Problem of
- Government.”
-
- 1906.--COAKLEY, TIMOTHY WILFRED. “The American Race: Its Origin, the
- Fusion of Peoples; Its Aim, Fraternity.”
-
- 1907.--HORTON, REV. EDWARD A. “Patriotism and the Republic.”
-
- 1908.--HILL, ARTHUR DEHON. “The Revolution and a Problem of the
- Present.”
-
- 1909.--SPRING, ARTHUR LANGDON. “The Growth of Patriotism.”
-
- 1910.--WOLFF, JAMES HARRIS. “The Building of the Republic.”
-
- 1911.--ELIOT, CHARLES W. “The Independence of 1776 and the Dependence
- of 1911.”
-
- 1912.--PELLETIER, JOSEPH C. “Respect for the Law.”
-
- 1913.--MACFARLAND, GRENVILLE S. “A New Declaration of Independence.”
-
- 1914.--SUPPLE, REV. JAMES A. “Religion: The Hope of the Nation.”
-
- 1915.--BRANDEIS, LOUIS D. “True Americanism.”
-
- 1916.--CHAPPLE, JOE MITCHELL. “The New Americanism.”
-
- 1917.--GALLAGHER, DANIEL J. “Americans Welded by War.”
-
- 1918.--FAUNCE, WILLIAM H. P. “The New Meaning of Independence Day.”
-
- 1919.--DECOURCY, CHARLES A. “Real and Ideal American Democracy.”
-
- 1920.--WISEMAN, JACOB L. “America and its Vital Problem.”
-
- 1921.--MURLIN, DR. L. H. “Our Great American.”
-
- 1922.--BURKE, DR. JEREMIAH E. “Democracy and Education.”
-
- 1923.--LYONS, REV. CHARLES W., S. J. “The American Mind.”
-
-
-
-
-FOOTNOTES:
-
-
-[A] Reprinted in Newport, R. I., 1774, 8vo., 19 pp.
-
-[B] A third edition was published in 1773.
-
-[1] Reprinted in Warren’s Life. The orations of 1783 to 1786 were
-published in large quarto; the oration of 1787 appeared in octavo; the
-oration of 1788 was printed in small quarto; all succeeding orations
-appeared in octavo, with the exceptions stated under 1863 and 1876.
-
-[2] Passed to a second edition.
-
-[3] Delivered another oration in 1826. Quincy’s oration of 1798 was
-reprinted, also, in Philadelphia.
-
-[4] Not printed.
-
-[5] On February 26, 1811, Peter Thacher’s name was changed to Peter
-Oxenbridge Thacher. (List of Persons whose Names have been Changed in
-Massachusetts, 1780-1892, p. 21.)
-
-[6] Six editions up to 1831. Reprinted also in his Life and Letters.
-
-[7] Reprinted in his Municipal History of Boston. See 1798.
-
-[8] Delivered another oration in 1862.
-
-[9] There are five or more editions; only one by the City.
-
-[10] Passed through three editions in Boston and one in London, and was
-answered in a pamphlet, Remarks upon an Oration delivered by Charles
-Sumner.... July 4th, 1845. By a Citizen of Boston. See Memoir and
-Letters of Charles Sumner, by Edward L. Pierce, vol. ii. 337-384.
-
-[11] There is a second edition. (Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields. 1850.
-49 pp. 12^o.)
-
-[12] First published by the City in 1892.
-
-[13] This and a number of the succeeding orations, up to 1861, contain
-the speeches, toasts etc., of the City dinner usually given in Faneuil
-Hall on the Fourth of July.
-
-[14] Probably four editions were printed in 1857. (Boston: Office
-Boston Daily Bee 60 pp.) Not until November 22, 1864, was Mr. Alger
-asked by the City to furnish a copy for publication. He granted the
-request, and the first official edition (J. E. Farwell & Co., 1864, 53
-pp.) was then issued. It lacks the interesting preface and appendix of
-the early editions.
-
-[15] There is another edition. (Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1859, 69 pp.)
-A third (Boston: Rockwell & Churchill, 1882, 46 pp.) omits the dinner
-at Faneuil Hall, the correspondence and events of the celebration.
-
-[16] There is a preliminary edition of twelve copies. (J. E. Farwell &
-Co., 1863. (7), 71 pp.) It is “the first draft of the author’s address,
-turned into larger, legible type, for the sole purpose of rendering
-easier its public delivery.” It was done by “the liberality of the
-City Authorities,” and is, typographically, the handsomest of these
-orations. This resulted in the large-paper 75-page edition, printed
-from the same type as the 71-page edition, but modified by the author.
-It is printed “by order of the Common Council.” The regular edition is
-in 60 pp., octavo size.
-
-[17] There is a large paper edition of fifty copies printed from this
-type, and also an edition from the press of John Wilson & Son, 1876. 55
-pp. 8^o.
-
-[18] On Samuel Adams, a statue of whom, by Miss Anne Whitney, had just
-been completed for the City. A photograph of the statue is added.
-
-[19] Contains a bibliography of Boston Fourth of July orations, from
-1783 to 1889, inclusive, compiled by Lindsay Swift, of the Boston
-Public Library.
-
-[20] Reprinted by the American Peace Society.
-
-
-
-
-TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:
-
-
- Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_.
-
- Superscripted characters are preceded by a carat character: 12^o.
-
- Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
-
- Irregularities with the footnote numbering have been corrected.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-End of Project Gutenberg's Oration: The American Mind, by Charles W. Lyons
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-Project Gutenberg's Oration: The American Mind, by Charles W. Lyons
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-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
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-Title: Oration: The American Mind
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-Release Date: July 30, 2020 [EBook #62784]
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-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORATION: THE AMERICAN MIND ***
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-<hr class="chap" />
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-<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/frontis.jpg" alt="" /></div>
-<p class="caption">C. W. Lyons S. J.</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-
-<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/titlepage.jpg" alt="" /></div>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-
-<div class="titlepage">
-
-<h1><span class="large">ORATION</span><br />
-
-<br />
-
-THE AMERICAN MIND</h1>
-
-<p>BY<br />
-
-<span class="large">REV. CHARLES W. LYONS, S. J.</span></p>
-
-<p>DELIVERED BEFORE THE CITY GOVERNMENT AND CITIZENS OF BOSTON<br />
-IN FANEUIL HALL, ON THE ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH<br />
-ANNIVERSARY OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE<br />
-OF THESE UNITED STATES, JULY 4, 1923</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/titlelogo.jpg" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>CITY OF BOSTON<br />
-<span class="large">PRINTING DEPARTMENT</span><br />
-1923</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span>
-<h2 class="nobreak">THE AMERICAN MIND.</h2></div>
-
-<hr class="tiny" />
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Fourth of July Oration, 1923.</span></p>
-
-<hr class="tiny" />
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By Rev. Charles W. Lyons, S. J.</span></p>
-
-<hr class="tiny" />
-
-<p>In the evolution of any life, whether it be that
-of an individual or of that corporate moral union
-we know as society, there are times when it seems
-fitting and proper to pause from the whirl of incessant
-activities, turn aside from accustomed line
-of thought, and let the mind run sweetly and lovingly
-over a treasured past.</p>
-
-<p>And today our beloved country, in the fulness
-of her achievement, with the memories of one
-hundred and forty-seven years, one hundred and
-forty-seven golden years, lived only that her children
-might grow, as from eternity the Creator had destined
-them to grow, in the full security of rights
-that are inalienable.</p>
-
-<p>Today our beloved country turns to us children
-of a later generation and pleads that we follow
-this generous impulse of nature, and tarry for the
-moment, while she lives over again the thoughts
-and emotions and heroic sacrifices that gave her
-birth.</p>
-
-<p>They were not new thoughts or unknown emotions.
-As John Quincy Adams so well remarked<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span>
-in his scholarly discourse on the Jubilee of the
-Constitution: &#8220;The Declaration of Independence
-and the Constitution of the United States are parts
-of one constant whole, founded upon one and the
-same theory of government, then new not as a
-theory, for it had been working itself into the mind
-of man for many ages, but it had never before been
-adopted by a great nation.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>Moses, as narrated in Deuteronomy, had charged
-the judges in Israel: &#8220;There shall be no difference
-of persons; you shall hear the little as well as the
-great; neither shall you respect any man&#8217;s person,
-because it is the judgment of God.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>Aristotle had taught that, &#8220;the State is not
-merely an institution for repressing vice, but a
-necessary formation for the full development of
-humanity.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>In the Magna Charter the germ of true liberty and
-equality is seen in the pledges of the king to his
-people: &#8220;We will not set forth against any freeman,
-nor send against him, unless by the lawful judgment
-of his peers and by the law of the land; to no one
-will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right
-or justice.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>The medival councils, the military orders, the
-guilds, followed centuries after by the contract of
-the Pilgrim Fathers made in the cabin of the &#8220;Mayflower&#8221;
-in which they &#8220;covenanted and combined
-themselves into a civil body politic for their
-better order and preservation,&#8221; as well as the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span>
-charters of the Providence Plantations, of Virginia,
-and of Maryland, had accustomed the people to
-joint action of mutual compact and deliberate agreement
-in defense of liberty and justice which, after
-all, is the mother of democracy.</p>
-
-<p>While the schoolmen, with scarcely an exception,
-as Sidwick tells us, taught that, &#8220;governments
-derive their just powers from the consent of
-the governed.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>&#8220;Every constitution,&#8221; says Nicholas of Cusa,
-three and a half centuries before the Declaration of
-Independence, &#8220;is rooted in natural law and cannot
-be valid if it contradicts it.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>&#8220;Since all are free by nature,&#8221; he continues, &#8220;all
-government, whether by written law or a prince,
-is based solely on the agreement and consent of the
-subject. For if by nature men are equally powerful
-and free, true and ordered power in the hands
-of one can be established only by the election and
-consent of the others, just as law also is established
-by consent.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>&#8220;It is clear, therefore,&#8221; he adds, &#8220;that the binding
-validity of all constitutions is based on tacit
-and expressed agreement and consent.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>And although Elizabeth had asserted in 1585 that
-&#8220;kings and princes sovereign owe their homage
-and service only to Almighty God,&#8221; and James
-defended the Divine Right of Kings, and the University
-of Cambridge, in its address to Charles II,
-had declared that they believed and maintained<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
-that &#8220;our kings derive not their title from the
-people but from God,&#8221; &#8220;Defenders of Liberty&#8221;
-were not wanting, Bellarmine declaring boldly, as
-Sir Robert Filmer tells us, that &#8220;secular or civil
-power is instituted by men; it is in the people unless
-they bestow it on a prince. This power is immediately
-in the whole multitude as in the subject
-of it. For this power is in the Divine Law, but the
-Divine Law hath given this power to no particular
-men; if the positive law be taken away, there is
-left no reason why amongst a multitude (who are
-equal) one rather than another should bear rule over
-the rest. Power is given by the multitude to one
-man or to more by the same law of nature; for the
-commonwealth cannot exercise this power, therefore
-it is bound to bestow it upon some one man or
-some few. It depends upon the consent of the
-multitude to ordain over themselves a king or consul
-or other magistrates. And if there be a lawful
-cause, the multitude may change the kingdom
-into an aristocracy or democracy.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>These thoughts and emotions, expressed and re-expressed
-by the writers, philosophers and political
-leaders of their day, had seeped down through the
-ages unactuated, mere themes for academic speculation,
-until they filtered into the minds and souls
-of those simple, yet truly great men, who, in signing
-the Declaration of Independence, gave birth to the
-nation we so rightfully cherish and so lovingly
-serve.</p>
-
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>In a letter to his friend Henry Lee, dated May 8,
-1825, Jefferson, as if in confirmation of what we
-have just held, notes that the object of the Declaration
-of Independence was &#8220;not to find out new
-principles, or new arguments, never before thought
-of, not merely to say things which had never before
-been said; but to place before mankind the common
-sense of the subject in terms so plain and firm
-as to command their assent and to justify ourselves
-in the independent stand we are compelled to take.
-Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment,
-nor yet copied from any particular or previous
-writing, it was intended to be an expression of the
-<i>American mind</i>, and to give to that expression the
-proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion.
-All its authority rests then on the harmonizing
-sentiments of the day, whether expressed in conversation,
-in letters, printed essays, or in the elementary
-books of public right, as Aristotle, Cicero,
-Locke, Sidney, etc.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>What, then, was this American mind, that, amid
-problems vexed and theories varied, had sifted the
-wisdom and folly of the past, discerning the true
-from the false, the good from the evil, and &#8220;of
-which,&#8221; Jefferson was pleased to say, &#8220;the Declaration
-of Independence was intended to be an
-expression?&#8221; And what, again, was &#8220;the proper
-tone and spirit called for by the occasion&#8221; that the
-Declaration of Independence was to give to this
-expression of the American mind?</p>
-
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>If we look more closely at the type of men whose
-united action founded our nation the answer to
-this question will not be far to seek. They, like
-many of us here today, were either immigrants or
-the immediate descendants of immigrants. They
-differed in origin, in education, in race, and in
-creed. They had the traditions, the affections, the
-prejudices of their times and of their peoples. Yet
-in common they had left home and country, led on
-by a vision or an ideal that made a fitting basis
-for the union that was to come. They would
-break away from an effete civilization; they would
-start life anew, freed from the tyranny of unjust
-laws; they would enjoy liberty to worship their
-God according to the dictates of their own conscience;
-they would exercise, without unwarranted
-interference, their natural and inalienable right to the
-pursuit of happiness.</p>
-
-<p>Crossing, as they did, the same unknown seas,
-buffeted by the same winds and waves, coming to
-the same uncultivated, though not inhospitable
-shores, their difficulties, their interests, their common
-foe, drew them together in mutual helpfulness,
-in united enterprise, and in common defense.</p>
-
-<p>Thus they came to know one another; thus they
-learned to bear with one another; thus they grew to
-love one another; and understanding, and tolerance,
-and brotherly love developed the American
-mind. So that, when the occasion arose, in proper
-tone and spirit, it expressed itself in the immortal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>
-Declaration of Independence that solved the speculative
-problems of the past, secured full enjoyment
-of liberty for its people, and gave hope and inspiration
-to all mankind and for all time.</p>
-
-<p>And shall we mar the beauty of her gift? Shall
-we, forgetting our common interests, our common
-enterprises, our common foes, destroy the unity of
-purpose and of action that is essential for individual
-and national prosperity? Shall we, by misunderstanding,
-by intolerance and hatred, sully the luster
-of our heritage, breaking the bondage of brotherhood?</p>
-
-<p>Ours is a most responsible trust. We must
-hand it down to posterity sacred and intact. Capital
-must make truce with labor; labor must make
-pact with capital; each must measure even in the
-scales of justice. The rights&mdash;inalienable rights&mdash;of
-man to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,
-must not be infringed. The rights&mdash;natural and
-civic rights&mdash;of property must not be denied.
-Class prejudices, racial pride, assumed superiority,
-must be dislodged from the minds of men, that
-justice may function and equality and the dignity
-of human nature be sustained.</p>
-
-<p>The home must be safeguarded, and its sanctity
-preserved, that our children be protected and grow&mdash;as
-nature destined them to grow&mdash;in wisdom and
-grace before God and man.</p>
-
-<p>The school&mdash;the private and the public school&mdash;free
-as speech and the press are free&mdash;must be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
-encouraged that our citizens may understand the
-Constitution and our laws, and in the full development
-of their intellectual faculties realize the
-burdens as well as the privileges of representative
-government.</p>
-
-<p>The church, the House of God, must have its
-place of respect, that our children may continue
-moral and grow in reverence for authority and for
-the divine and human law.</p>
-
-<p>As Hamilton wrote to Washington, on the occasion
-of his farewell address: &#8220;In all those dispositions
-which promote political happiness, religion
-and morality are essential props.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>This, I take it, is the message our beloved country
-would send to us today. That we be men of <i>American
-mind</i>, the mind that expressed itself in the
-Declaration of Independence, the mind that was
-born of understanding, tolerance, and brotherly
-love, the mind that didn&#8217;t hesitate to say, in the
-closing words of the great document that gave to
-us our nation, &#8220;For the support of this declaration,
-with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine
-Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our
-lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.&#8221;</p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
-<h2 class="nobreak"><small>A LIST</small><br />
-
-<small>OF</small><br />
-
-BOSTON MUNICIPAL ORATORS.</h2></div>
-
-
-<hr class="tiny" />
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap"><small><b>By C. W. ERNST.</b></small></span></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>
-<h2 class="nobreak">BOSTON ORATORS<br />
-
-<small><span class="smcap">Appointed by the Municipal Authorities</span>.</small></h2></div>
-
-<hr class="tiny" />
-
-<p class="center"><i>For the Anniversary of the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770.</i></p>
-
-<blockquote>
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;The Fifth of March orations were published in handsome quarto editions,
-now very scarce; also collected in book form in 1785 and again in 1807. The oration
-of 1776 was delivered in Watertown.</p></blockquote>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>1771.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Lovell, James.</span></p>
-
-<p>1772.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Warren, Joseph.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_1" id="FNanchor_2_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1773.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Church, Benjamin.</span><a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p>
-
-<p>1774.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hancock, John.</span><a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1775.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Warren, Joseph.</span></p>
-
-<p>1776.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Thacher, Peter.</span></p>
-
-<p>1777.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hichborn, Benjamin.</span></p>
-
-<p>1778.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Austin, Jonathan Williams.</span></p>
-
-<p>1779.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Tudor, William.</span></p>
-
-<p>1780.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Mason, Jonathan, Jun.</span></p>
-
-<p>1781.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Dawes, Thomas, Jun.</span></p>
-
-<p>1782.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Minot, George Richards.</span></p>
-
-<p>1783.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Welsh, Thomas.</span></p></div>
-
-<hr class="tiny" />
-
-<p class="center"><i>For the Anniversary of National Independence, July 4, 1776.</i></p>
-
-
-
-<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;A collected edition, or a full collection, of these orations has not been made.
-For the names of the orators, as officially printed on the title pages of the orations, see
-the Municipal Register of 1890.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-<div class="hangingindent">
-<p>1783.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Warren, John.</span><a name="FNanchor_1_3" id="FNanchor_1_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_3" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p>
-
-<p>1784.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hichborn, Benjamin.</span></p>
-
-<p>1785.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gardner, John.</span></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>1786.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Austin, Jonathan Loring.</span></p>
-
-<p>1787.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Dawes, Thomas, Jun.</span></p>
-
-<p>1788.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Otis, Harrison Gray.</span></p>
-
-<p>1789.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Stillman, Samuel.</span></p>
-
-<p>1790.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gray, Edward.</span></p>
-
-<p>1791.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Crafts, Thomas, Jun.</span></p>
-
-<p>1792.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Blake, Joseph, Jun.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_3" id="FNanchor_2_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1793.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Adams, John Quincy.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_4" id="FNanchor_2_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1794.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Phillips, John.</span></p>
-
-<p>1795.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Blake, George.</span></p>
-
-<p>1796.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Lathrop, John, Jun.</span></p>
-
-<p>1797.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Callender, John.</span></p>
-
-<p>1798.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Quincy, Josiah.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_5" id="FNanchor_2_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><a name="FNanchor_3_5" id="FNanchor_3_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_5" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p>
-
-<p>1799.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Lowell, John, Jun.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_6" id="FNanchor_2_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1800.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hall, Joseph.</span></p>
-
-<p>1801.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Paine, Charles.</span></p>
-
-<p>1802.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Emerson, William.</span></p>
-
-<p>1803.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Sullivan, William.</span></p>
-
-<p>1804.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Danforth, Thomas.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_7" id="FNanchor_2_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1805.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Dutton, Warren.</span></p>
-
-<p>1806.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Channing, Francis Dana.</span><a name="FNanchor_4_6" id="FNanchor_4_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_6" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p>
-
-<p>1807.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Thacher, Peter.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_8" id="FNanchor_2_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a><a name="FNanchor_5_7" id="FNanchor_5_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_7" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p>
-
-<p>1808.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ritchie, Andrew, Jun.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_9" id="FNanchor_2_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1809.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Tudor, William, Jun.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_10" id="FNanchor_2_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1810.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Townsend, Alexander.</span></p>
-
-<p>1811.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Savage, James.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_11" id="FNanchor_2_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1812.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pollard, Benjamin.</span><a name="FNanchor_4_7" id="FNanchor_4_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_6" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p>
-
-<p>1813.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Livermore, Edward St. Loe.</span></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>1814.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Whitwell, Benjamin.</span></p>
-
-<p>1815.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Shaw, Lemuel.</span></p>
-
-<p>1816.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Sullivan, George.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_12" id="FNanchor_2_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1817.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Channing, Edward Tyrrel.</span></p>
-
-<p>1818.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gray, Francis Calley.</span></p>
-
-<p>1819.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Dexter, Franklin.</span></p>
-
-<p>1820.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Lyman, Theodore, Jun.</span></p>
-
-<p>1821.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Loring, Charles Greely.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_13" id="FNanchor_2_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1822.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gray, John Chipman.</span></p>
-
-<p>1823.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Curtis, Charles Pelham.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_14" id="FNanchor_2_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1824.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Bassett, Francis.</span></p>
-
-<p>1825.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Sprague, Charles.</span><a name="FNanchor_6_8" id="FNanchor_6_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_8" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p>
-
-<p>1826.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Quincy, Josiah.</span><a name="FNanchor_7_9" id="FNanchor_7_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_9" class="fnanchor">[7]</a></p>
-
-<p>1827.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Mason, William Powell.</span></p>
-
-<p>1828.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Sumner, Bradford.</span></p>
-
-<p>1829.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Austin, James Trecothick.</span></p>
-
-<p>1830.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Everett, Alexander Hill.</span></p>
-
-<p>1831.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Palfrey, John Gorham.</span></p>
-
-<p>1832.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Quincy, Josiah, Jun.</span></p>
-
-<p>1833.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Prescott, Edward Goldsborough.</span></p>
-
-<p>1834.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Fay, Richard Sullivan.</span></p>
-
-<p>1835.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hillard, George Stillman.</span></p>
-
-<p>1836.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Kinsman, Henry Willis.</span></p>
-
-<p>1837.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Chapman, Jonathan.</span></p>
-
-<p>1838.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Winslow, Hubbard.</span> &#8220;The Means of the Perpetuity and Prosperity of our Republic.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1839.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Austin, Ivers James.</span></p>
-
-<p>1840.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Power, Thomas.</span></p>
-
-<p>1841.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Curtis, George Ticknor.</span><a name="FNanchor_8_10" id="FNanchor_8_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_10" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> &#8220;The True Uses of American Revolutionary History.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1842.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Mann, Horace.</span><a name="FNanchor_9_11" id="FNanchor_9_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_11" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></p>
-
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>1843.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Adams, Charles Francis.</span></p>
-
-<p>1844.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Chandler, Peleg Whitman.</span> &#8220;The Morals of Freedom.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1845.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Sumner, Charles.</span><a name="FNanchor_10_12" id="FNanchor_10_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_12" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> &#8220;The True Grandeur of Nations.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1846.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Webster, Fletcher.</span></p>
-
-<p>1847.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gary, Thomas Greaves.</span></p>
-
-<p>1848.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Giles, Joel.</span> &#8220;Practical Liberty.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1849.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Greenough, William Whitwell.</span> &#8220;The Conquering Republic.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1850.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Whipple, Edwin Percy.</span><a name="FNanchor_11_13" id="FNanchor_11_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_13" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> &#8220;Washington and the Principles of the Revolution.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1851.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Russell, Charles Theodore.</span></p>
-
-<p>1852.&mdash;<span class="smcap">King, Thomas Starr.</span> &#8220;The Organization of Liberty on the Western Continent.&#8221;<a name="FNanchor_12_14" id="FNanchor_12_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_14" class="fnanchor">[12]</a></p>
-
-<p>1853.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Bigelow, Timothy.</span><a name="FNanchor_13_15" id="FNanchor_13_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_15" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></p>
-
-<p>1854.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Stone, Andrew Leete.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_15" id="FNanchor_2_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> &#8220;The Struggles of American History.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1855.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Miner, Alonzo Ames.</span></p>
-
-<p>1856.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Parker, Edward Griffin.</span> &#8220;The Lesson of &#8217;76 to the Men of &#8217;56.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1857.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Alger, William Rounseville.</span><a name="FNanchor_14_16" id="FNanchor_14_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_16" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> &#8220;The Genius and Posture of America.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1858.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Holmes, John Somers.</span><a name="FNanchor_2_16" id="FNanchor_2_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1859.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Sumner, George.</span><a name="FNanchor_4_8" id="FNanchor_4_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_6" class="fnanchor">[4]</a><a name="FNanchor_15_17" id="FNanchor_15_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_17" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></p>
-
-<p>1860.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Everett, Edward.</span></p>
-
-<p>1861.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Parsons, Theophilus.</span></p>
-
-<p>1862.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Curtis, Thomas Ticknor.</span><a name="FNanchor_8_11" id="FNanchor_8_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_10" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></p>
-
-<p>1863.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Holmes, Oliver Wendell.</span><a name="FNanchor_16_18" id="FNanchor_16_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_18" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></p>
-
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>1864.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Russell, Thomas.</span></p>
-
-<p>1865.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Manning, Jacob Merrill.</span> &#8220;Peace under Liberty.&#8221;<a name="FNanchor_2_17" id="FNanchor_2_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_4" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p>
-
-<p>1866.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Lothrop, Samuel Kirkland.</span></p>
-
-<p>1867.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hepworth, George Hughes.</span></p>
-
-<p>1868.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Eliot, Samuel.</span> &#8220;The Functions of a City.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1869.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Morton, Ellis Wesley.</span></p>
-
-<p>1870.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Everett, William.</span></p>
-
-<p>1871.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Sargent, Horace Binney.</span></p>
-
-<p>1872.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Adams, Charles Francis, Jun.</span></p>
-
-<p>1873.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Ware, John Fothergill Waterhouse.</span></p>
-
-<p>1874.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Frothingham, Richard.</span></p>
-
-<p>1875.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Clarke, James Freeman.</span> &#8220;Worth of Republican Institutions.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1876.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Winthrop, Robert Charles.</span><a name="FNanchor_17_19" id="FNanchor_17_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_19" class="fnanchor">[17]</a></p>
-
-<p>1877.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Warren, William Wirt.</span></p>
-
-<p>1878.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Healy, Joseph.</span></p>
-
-<p>1879.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Lodge, Henry Cabot.</span></p>
-
-<p>1880.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smith, Robert Dickson.</span><a name="FNanchor_18_20" id="FNanchor_18_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_20" class="fnanchor">[18]</a></p>
-
-<p>1881.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Warren, George Washington.</span> &#8220;Our Republic&mdash;Liberty and Equality Founded on Law.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1882.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Long, John Davis.</span></p>
-
-<p>1883.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Carpenter, Henry Bernard.</span> &#8220;American Character and Influence.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1884.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Shepard, Harvey Newton.</span></p>
-
-<p>1885.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gargan, Thomas John.</span></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>1886.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Williams, George Frederick.</span></p>
-
-<p>1887.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Fitzgerald, John Edward.</span></p>
-
-<p>1888.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Dillaway, William Edward Lovell.</span></p>
-
-<p>1889.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Swift, John Lindsay.</span><a name="FNanchor_19_21" id="FNanchor_19_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_21" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> &#8220;The American Citizen.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1890.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pillsbury, Albert Enoch.</span> &#8220;Public Spirit.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1891.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Quincy, Josiah.</span><a name="FNanchor_20_22" id="FNanchor_20_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_22" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> &#8220;The Coming Peace.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1892.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Murphy, John Robert.</span></p>
-
-<p>1893.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Putnam, Henry Ware.</span> &#8220;The Mission of Our People.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1894.&mdash;<span class="smcap">O&#8217;Neil, Joseph Henry.</span></p>
-
-<p>1895.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Berle, Adolph Augustus.</span> &#8220;The Constitution and the Citizens.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1896.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Fitzgerald, John Francis.</span></p>
-
-<p>1897.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hale, Edward Everett.</span> &#8220;The Contribution of Boston to American Independence.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1898.&mdash;<span class="smcap">O&#8217;Callaghan, Rev. Denis.</span></p>
-
-<p>1899.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Matthews, Nathan, Jr.</span> &#8220;Be Not Afraid of Greatness.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1900.&mdash;<span class="smcap">O&#8217;Meara, Stephen.</span> &#8220;Progress Through Conflict.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1901.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Guild, Curtis, Jr.</span> &#8220;Supremacy and its Conditions.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1902.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Conry, Joseph A.</span></p>
-
-<p>1903.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Mead, Edwin D.</span> &#8220;The Principles of the Founders.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1904.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Sullivan, John A.</span> &#8220;Boston&#8217;s Past and Present. What Will Its Future Be?&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1905.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Colt, Le Baron Bradford.</span> &#8220;America&#8217;s Solution of the Problem of Government.&#8221;</p>
-
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>1906.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Coakley, Timothy Wilfred.</span> &#8220;The American Race: Its Origin, the Fusion of Peoples; Its Aim, Fraternity.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1907.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Horton, Rev. Edward A.</span> &#8220;Patriotism and the Republic.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1908.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hill, Arthur Dehon.</span> &#8220;The Revolution and a Problem of the Present.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1909.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Spring, Arthur Langdon.</span> &#8220;The Growth of Patriotism.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1910.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Wolff, James Harris.</span> &#8220;The Building of the Republic.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1911.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Eliot, Charles W.</span> &#8220;The Independence of 1776 and the Dependence of 1911.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1912.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pelletier, Joseph C.</span> &#8220;Respect for the Law.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1913.&mdash;<span class="smcap">MacFarland, Grenville S.</span> &#8220;A New Declaration of Independence.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1914.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Supple, Rev. James A.</span> &#8220;Religion: The Hope of the Nation.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1915.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Brandeis, Louis D.</span> &#8220;True Americanism.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1916.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Chapple, Joe Mitchell.</span> &#8220;The New Americanism.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1917.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gallagher, Daniel J.</span> &#8220;Americans Welded by War.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1918.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Faunce, William H. P.</span> &#8220;The New Meaning of Independence Day.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1919.&mdash;<span class="smcap">DeCourcy, Charles A.</span> &#8220;Real and Ideal American Democracy.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1920.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Wiseman, Jacob L.</span> &#8220;America and its Vital Problem.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1921.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Murlin, Dr. L. H.</span> &#8220;Our Great American.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1922.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Burke, Dr. Jeremiah E.</span> &#8220;Democracy and Education.&#8221;</p>
-
-<p>1923.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Lyons, Rev. Charles W., S. J.</span> &#8220;The American Mind.&#8221;</p></div></div>
-
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<div class="chapter">
-<p class="ph1"><span class="large">FOOTNOTES:</span></p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Reprinted in Newport, R. I., 1774, 8vo., 19 pp.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> A third edition was published in 1773.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_1_3" id="Footnote_1_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_3"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Reprinted in Warren&#8217;s Life. The orations of 1783 to 1786 were published in large
-quarto; the oration of 1787 appeared in octavo; the oration of 1788 was printed in small
-quarto; all succeeding orations appeared in octavo, with the exceptions stated under 1863
-and 1876.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_2_4" id="Footnote_2_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_4"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Passed to a second edition.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_3_5" id="Footnote_3_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_5"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Delivered another oration in 1826. Quincy&#8217;s oration of 1798 was reprinted, also,
-in Philadelphia.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_4_6" id="Footnote_4_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_6"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Not printed.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_5_7" id="Footnote_5_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_7"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> On February 26, 1811, Peter Thacher&#8217;s name was changed to Peter Oxenbridge Thacher.
-(List of Persons whose Names have been Changed in Massachusetts, 1780-1892, p. 21.)</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_6_8" id="Footnote_6_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_8"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Six editions up to 1831. Reprinted also in his Life and Letters.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_7_9" id="Footnote_7_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_9"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Reprinted in his Municipal History of Boston. See 1798.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_8_10" id="Footnote_8_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_10"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Delivered another oration in 1862.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_9_11" id="Footnote_9_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_11"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> There are five or more editions; only one by the City.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_10_12" id="Footnote_10_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_12"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Passed through three editions in Boston and one in London, and was answered in a
-pamphlet, Remarks upon an Oration delivered by Charles Sumner.... July 4th,
-1845. By a Citizen of Boston. See Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner, by Edward
-L. Pierce, vol. ii. 337-384.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_11_13" id="Footnote_11_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_13"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> There is a second edition. (Boston: Ticknor, Reed &amp; Fields. 1850. 49 pp. 12<sup>o</sup>.)</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_12_14" id="Footnote_12_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_14"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> First published by the City in 1892.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_13_15" id="Footnote_13_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_15"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> This and a number of the succeeding orations, up to 1861, contain the speeches, toasts
-etc., of the City dinner usually given in Faneuil Hall on the Fourth of July.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_14_16" id="Footnote_14_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_16"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Probably four editions were printed in 1857. (Boston: Office Boston Daily Bee
-60 pp.) Not until November 22, 1864, was Mr. Alger asked by the City to furnish a
-copy for publication. He granted the request, and the first official edition (J. E. Farwell
-&amp; Co., 1864, 53 pp.) was then issued. It lacks the interesting preface and appendix
-of the early editions.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_15_17" id="Footnote_15_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_17"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> There is another edition. (Boston: Ticknor &amp; Fields, 1859, 69 pp.) A third (Boston:
-Rockwell &amp; Churchill, 1882, 46 pp.) omits the dinner at Faneuil Hall, the correspondence
-and events of the celebration.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_16_18" id="Footnote_16_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_18"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> There is a preliminary edition of twelve copies. (J. E. Farwell &amp; Co., 1863. (7),
-71 pp.) It is &#8220;the first draft of the author&#8217;s address, turned into larger, legible type,
-for the sole purpose of rendering easier its public delivery.&#8221; It was done by &#8220;the liberality
-of the City Authorities,&#8221; and is, typographically, the handsomest of these orations. This
-resulted in the large-paper 75-page edition, printed from the same type as the 71-page
-edition, but modified by the author. It is printed &#8220;by order of the Common Council.&#8221;
-The regular edition is in 60 pp., octavo size.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_17_19" id="Footnote_17_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_19"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> There is a large paper edition of fifty copies printed from this type, and also an edition
-from the press of John Wilson &amp; Son, 1876. 55 pp. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_18_20" id="Footnote_18_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_20"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> On Samuel Adams, a statue of whom, by Miss Anne Whitney, had just been completed
-for the City. A photograph of the statue is added.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_19_21" id="Footnote_19_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_21"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> Contains a bibliography of Boston Fourth of July orations, from 1783 to 1889, inclusive,
-compiled by Lindsay Swift, of the Boston Public Library.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a name="Footnote_20_22" id="Footnote_20_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_22"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Reprinted by the American Peace Society.</p></div>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<div class="transnote">
-<p class="ph1">TRANSCRIBER&#8217;S NOTES:</p>
-
-
-<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p>
-
-<p>Irregularities with the footnote numbering have been corrected.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of Project Gutenberg's Oration: The American Mind, by Charles W. Lyons
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