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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..114ec22 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #62809 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62809) diff --git a/old/62809-0.txt b/old/62809-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 3e379d6..0000000 --- a/old/62809-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30385 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words, by -Walter William Skeat - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words - especially from the dramatists - -Author: Walter William Skeat - -Editor: Anthony Lawson Mayhew - -Release Date: August 1, 2020 [EBook #62809] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A GLOSSARY *** - - - - -Produced by Delphine Lettau, Howard Ross & the online -Distributed Proofreaders Canada team at -https://www.pgdpcanada.net from page images generously -made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) - - - - - - A G L O S S A R Y - - OF - - TUDOR AND STUART WORDS - - _ESPECIALLY FROM THE DRAMATISTS_ - - COLLECTED BY - - WALTER W. SKEAT - - Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon in - the University of Cambridge, 1878-1912 - - - EDITED WITH ADDITIONS BY - - A. L. MAYHEW - M.A., Wadham College, Oxford - - - O X F O R D - AT THE CLARENDON PRESS - 1914 - - - - - OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS - LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK - TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY - HUMPHREY MILFORD M.A. - PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY - - - - - EDITOR’S PREFACE - - -In the summer of 1910 I was staying at Llandrindod, and had the pleasure -of meeting there my old friend Professor Skeat. Of course we had many a -long talk about our favourite studies, and about his literary plans. He -was always planning some literary task, for before he had finished one -work, he had either begun another, or had another in prospect. I said to -him one day, ‘You’re always working, do you ever find time for -recreation?’ ‘Well,’ he said, ‘when I want to amuse myself, I take up -some old play.’ This story explains the genesis of this book. - -Like John Gilpin’s wife, it seems that though on pleasure he was bent, -he had a frugal mind. He did not forget business. When reading Ben -Jonson or Beaumont and Fletcher he had pencil in hand, and whenever he -came to a word that might prove a stumbling-block to the general reader, -he noted that word, and eventually wrote it on a separate slip -(note-paper size) with exact reference and explanation. In July, 1911, -in Oxford, when we were together for the last time, the professor told -me about the book he was preparing—mainly consisting of the words he -had collected in reading the Tudor and Stuart dramatists. He did not -intend it to be a big book. When I asked whether it would contain -quotations like Nares’ Glossary, he said it would contain only a few -quotations, and those short ones, and would consist mostly of -explanations and references, with brief etymologies. I heard no more of -the book during his lifetime. But frequent letters passed between us on -the etymologies of English words, many of which he was meeting with in -the material he was collecting. On October 6, 1912, that eager, -enthusiastic spirit passed away, to the regret of all who work in the -field of English philology, of all who love the English tongue, wherever -on this habitable globe they may chance to live. Not long after, in -November, I heard from Mrs. Skeat that her husband had left material for -a Glossary of Rare Words, in slips amounting to nearly 7,000, arranged -in alphabetical order, and that Professor Skeat’s executors would be -very glad if I would be able to edit and prepare the work for -publication. I agreed to do this, on condition that the executors should -ask the advice of a pupil of Dr. Skeat, an eminent English scholar, and -also, of course, that the Delegates of the Clarendon Press would consent -to the arrangement. On December 4 I received a letter from the Clarendon -Press, informing me that the Delegates accepted my offer. A day or two -after the box containing the MS. arrived, and on December 9 I addressed -myself to the task. With the exception of a short intermission in July, -the work has had my continuous and undivided attention for one year. - -On examination of the MS. it appeared that, although Professor Skeat had -arranged the material in the form of a Glossary, he had not put the -finishing touches to the book (many slips were practically duplicates or -triplicates), and had not even finally limited the scope: the title of -the book was not settled. - -And now it will be proper to state as clearly as possible what the -Editor thought it his duty to do in preparing his friend’s work for -publication. In the first place he did not think that it fell within his -province to make any considerable addition to the Word-list. The -Vocabulary remains much as Professor Skeat left it. But it was found -necessary, in going over the work, to make additions in many articles, -in order to explain the history of the word, or to illustrate its -meaning; connecting links had to be supplied, where the meanings of a -word apparently had no connexion with one another. In this part of the -work the Editor found great help in the New English Dictionary; and it -will be seen that there is hardly a page of this book on which there -does not occur the significant abbreviation (NED.). With the same help -the definitions have been revised, and in many cases made more definite -and explicit in order to explain the passage referred to. Professor -Skeat’s plan was to give, as a rule, only references; it has been -thought advisable to add many quotations, especially in cases where a -quotation appeared necessary to illustrate a rare meaning of a word. In -order to secure uniformity in arrangement many of the articles had to be -re-written. For the illustrative matter, outside the literary English of -the Tudor and Stuart period; the comparison of Tudor and Stuart words -with provincial words found in the English Dialect Dictionary (EDD.); -the exact references to earlier English—Middle English (ME.) and Old -English (OE.); as well as the citation of cognate foreign forms, the -Editor is responsible. In giving this additional matter he believes that -he would have had the cordial approval of Professor Skeat, and hopes -that he has added to the usefulness of the book. - -If I may be allowed I would end on a personal note. I have thought it a -great privilege to have been invited to complete the work of one held in -such honour and esteem as Professor Skeat. And it has been a great -pleasure to do something which might show, however inadequately, my -gratitude for a friendship of nearly forty years. I wish the work that -has been done on his book had been better done; I wish that it could -have been undertaken by some one better equipped for the task, by one -who had a more intimate acquaintance with the literature of the period -dealt with. I hope that the imperfections of the book as it leaves my -hands will be treated leniently. No one can be more conscious of them -than he who is now bidding farewell to the task. - -I have been fortunate in obtaining the help of two scholars who are -masters of their subjects. My friend of many years, Dr. Henry Bradley, -one of the Editors of _The New English Dictionary_, has taken an -interest in the work from the first, which has been most encouraging. -His views of what had to be done with the material I found, after I had -made some progress in my task, coincided with those I had independently -formed. He has most kindly read the proof-sheets throughout, and has -made many valuable suggestions which I have gladly adopted. Mr. Percy -Simpson, who has made a special study of the dramatists of the period -treated, and particularly of Ben Jonson, has also kindly read the -proof-sheets, and from his familiarity with the textual criticism of -these authors has been able to correct some errors in the texts cited. I -cannot conclude without expressing my thanks to the ‘reader’ for the -accuracy with which the proof-sheets represented the MS., as well as for -his judicious and conscientious use of the blue pencil. - - A. L. MAYHEW. - OXFORD, - _Dec. 9, 1913_. - - - - - BOOKS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK - - -Aasen, Ivar; Norsk Ordbog, 1873. - -Alphita, a Medico-Botanical Glossary, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota -Oxoniensia, 1887). - -Aneren Riwle, c. 1230; ed. J. Morton (Camden Soc., 1873). - -Anglo-Saxon Gospels, ed. W. W. Skeat. The Gospels in West-Saxon, -Northumbrian and Mercian Versions, 1871-87. - -Ascham, Roger; Toxophilus, 1545, ed. Arber, 1868. - -Awdeley, John; Fraternitye of Vacabondes, 1565, ed. E. Viles and F. J. -Furnivall (EETS., extra series, 1869). - -Aydelotte, F.; Elizabethan Rogues and Vagabonds (Oxford Historical and -Literary Studies, vol. 1, 1913). - -Babee’s Book, 15th cent.; ed. F. J. Furnivall (EETS., 1868). - -Bacon, Francis; Essays, 1597, ed. W. Aldis Wright, 1871. Life of Henry -VII, 1621, ed. J. R. Lumby, 1876. - -Baldwyne, William; chief editor of the Mirrour for Magistrates, first -issued in 1559. - -Ballads. English and Scottish Popular Ballads, ed. from the Collection -of F. J. Child by H. C. Sargent and G. L. Kittredge, 1904. - -Barbour’s Bruce, 1375; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., 1870-7). - -Barclay, Alexander; Ship of Fools, 1508, a translation of Sebastian -Brandt’s _Narrenschiff_, c. 1494 (_Navis Stultifera_, 1488); ed. -Jamieson, 1874. - -Bardsley, Charles W.; English Surnames, 1875. - -Baret, John; Alvearie or Quadruple Dictionary, 1580. - -Barnes, R.; Works, see Tyndale. - -Barnfield, Richard; The Affectionate Shepherd, 1594; ed. J. O. Halliwell -(Percy Soc., 1845). - -Bartsch, K., et A. Horning; La Langue et la Littérature françaises -depuis le ix^{e} siècle jusqu’au xiv^{e} siècle. Textes et Glossaire, -1887. - -Beaumont and Fletcher; Works, ed. G. Darley, 1859; also, ed. W. Gifford -with a Biographical Memoir (reprint, Routledge, 1860). [Francis Beaumont -born 1586, died 1615.] - -Berghaus, H.; Der Sprachschatz der Sassen, 1880-3. - -Berners, Lord (John Bourchier); tr. of the Chronicles of Froissart -(Pynson, 1523). [Born 1467, died 1533.] - -Bibbesworth, Walter de; The Treatise, c. ann. 1325; printed in Wright’s -Vocabularies (ed. 2, 1882). This is probably the correct spelling, not -‘Biblesworth’. See Wright, Thomas. - -Bible, English. Authorised Version, 1611 (exact reprint. Clarendon -Press, 1911). - -Bible Word-Book; see Wright, W. A. - -Blount, Thomas; Glossographia, a Dictionary of hard words, 1656; ed. 3, -1670. - -Boke of St. Albans, printed in 1486; facsimile reprint, 1881. Contains a -Book on Hawking, a Book on Hunting (by Dame Juliana Barnes), and a Book -on Coat-Armour. - -Bosworth and Toller (B. T.). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary begun by J. -Bosworth, and completed by T. N. Toller, 1882-98. - -Boyle, Roger (Earl of Orrery); Parthenissa, 1676; Guzman, c. 1679; Mr. -Anthony, 1689. - -Bozon, Nicole; Les Contes Moralisés, c. 1350; ed. L. Toulmin Smith and -Paul Moyer, 1889. - -Brand, John; Observations on Popular Antiquities, 1813; Arranged and -revised by H. Ellis; reprint, 1887 (Chatto and Windus). - -Brathwaite (or Braithwait), Richard; _Barnabae Itinerarium_ (Drunken -Barnaby’s Four Journeys), Latin and English, ed. 1, 1648; reprint, 1822. - -Brewer, Antony; Dramatist, fl. 1655. [To him was formerly ascribed -‘_Lingua_, or the Combat of the Five Senses for Superiority, 1607’; see -DNB.] - -Brome, Alexander; Poet, Satirist, and Dramatist; Wks. ed. 1873. [Born -1620, died 1666.] - -Browne, Sir Thomas; Works, ed. S. Wilkin. 1852 (Bohn’s Standard -Library). - -—— Religio Medici and Christian Morals, ed. by W. A. Greenhill; 1881. -[Born 1640, died 1680.] - -Browne, William; Britannia Pastorals, see English Poets. [Born 1590, -died c. 1645.] - -Brunne, Robert of; Handlyng Synne, c. 1303; ed. F. J. Furnivall -(Roxburghe Club, 1862). - -Bullokar, John; An English Expositor, by J. B., 1616; sixth ed., 1680. - -Bunyan, John; Pilgrim’s Progress, First Part, 1678. - -Burton, Robert; Anatomy of Melancholy, 1621. - -Butler, Samuel; Poems, ed. R. Bell, 1855; Hudibras, ed. H. G. Bohn, -1871. [Born 1612, died 1680.] - -Calisch, J. M.; Nederlandsch-Engelsch en Engelsch-Nederlandsch -Woordenboek, 1875. - -Campion, Thomas; poems printed first in 1595; ed. Bullen, 1889. - -Cartwright, William; Preacher, Poet, Dramatist. [Born 1611, died 1643.] - -Catholicon Anglicum, 1483; ed. Herrtage, EETS., 1881. - -Caxton, William; The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, c. 1474; -reprint by H. O. Sommer, 1894. - -—— Game of the Chesse, printed in 1474; facsimile of the 2nd ed., V. -Figgins, 1860. - -—— see Reynard. - -Chanson de Roland; Bodleian MS., c. 1180; ed. L. Gautier, 1881. - -Chapman, George; Dramatic Works, ed. 1873. The Iliad of Homer, 1611; -Odyssey, 1614; Chapman’s Homer, ed. R. Hooper, 1857; R. H. Shepherd, -1875. - -Chaucer, Geoffrey; Complete Works; ed. W. W. Skeat, 1894. [Born 1328, -died 1400.] - -Child, F. J.; see Ballads. - -Chronicle, Anglo-Saxon; ed. C. Plummer and J. Earle, 1892-9. - -Cocke Lorell’s Bote, a humorous and sarcastic poem, printed by Wynkyn de -Worde, c. 1515; ed. 1843. - -Coles, Elisha; English Dictionary, 1677. - -—— Dictionary, English-Latin and Latin-English, fourth ed. enlarged, -1699. - -Congreve, William; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1670, died -1729.] - -Cook, A. S.; Biblical Quotations in Old English Prose Writers, 1898. - -Cooper, T.; Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae, 1565. - -Cotgrave, Randle; A French and English Dictionary. First edition 1611. -The edition of 1673 is the one usually cited. - -Court of Love, a late poem first printed with Chaucer’s Works, 1561; -reprinted in Chaucerian and Other Poems, ed. by W. W. Skeat, 1897. - -Coverdale, Miles; Translator of the Bible; first printed in 1535. - -Cowell, John; The Interpreter of Words and Terms, 1607; ed. 1637; also -ed. augmented and improved, 1701. - -Cursor Mundi, c. 1300; ed. R. Morris (EETS., 1874-92). - -Dähnert, J. C.; Platt-Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1781. - -Davenant, Sir William; Dramatist and Poet-Laureate, see English Poets. -[Born 1605, died 1668.] - -Davies, T. L. O.; A Supplementary English Glossary, 1881. - -Dekker, Thomas; Dramatic Works; ed. by E. Rhys, 1873. [Born c. 1570, -died c. 1637.] - -Delesalle, Georges; Dictionnaire d’Argot Français, 1896. - -Destruction of Troy, c. 1390; ed. G. A. Panton and D. Donaldson (EETS. -1869 and 1874). - -Dialoge Gregoire lo Pape, 12th cent.; ed. Foerster, 1876. - -Dict.: Etymological Dictionary of the English Language by W. W. Skeat, -ed. 4, 1910. - -Dict. M. & S.: A Concise Dictionary of Middle English, by A. L. Mayhew -and W. W. Skeat, 1888. - -Dictionarium Rusticum Urbanicum et Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726. - -Didot: Glossaire Français de Ducange, dans l’édition du Glossarium -publiée par M. Ambroise Firmin Didot, 1887. - -Digby, George, Earl of Bristol; Elvira, a Comedy. [Born 1612, died -1676.] - -Dinneen, P. S.; An Irish-English Dictionary, 1904. - -Dodsley, Robert; A Select Collection of Old English Plays, originally -published 1780; ed. W. Carew Hazlitt, 1876. - -Dozy, R.; Glossaire des Mots espagnols et portugais dérivés de l’Arabe; -ed. W. H. Engelmann, Leyde, 1869. - -Drant, Thomas; tr. of Horace, Satires, 1566. - -Drayton, Michael; Poems; see English Poets. [Born 1563, died 1631.] - -Drummond, William, of Hawthornden; Cypresse Grove, 1623. - -Dryden, John; Poetical Works, ed. 1851. [Born 1631, died 1701.] - -Ducange: Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis, conditum a Carolo du -Fresne, Domino Du Cange; ed. Henschel, 1883-7. - -Dunbar, W.; Poems, ed. Small and Gregor (Scottish Text Soc., 1883-93). -[floruit 1500.] - -Earle, John; Micro-cosmographie, 1628; ed. Arber, 1868. - -Earle, John; A Hand-book to the Land-Charters and other Saxonic -Documents, 1888. - -Echard, Laurence; tr. of Plautus, 1694. - -EDD.: English Dialect Dictionary, with English Dialect Grammar, edited -by Dr. Joseph Wright, 1905. - -Eden, R.; The First Three English Books on America, 1511-55; ed. Arber, -1885. - -Edwards, Richard; Damon and Pithias, 1564; in Dodsley’s Old English -Plays. - -Elyot, Sir Thomas; The Boke named The Governour, 1531; ed. H. H. S. -Croft, 1883. - -—— The Castel of Helthe, 1533 (ed. 1539). - -English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper, ed. A. Chalmers, 1810. 21 vols. - -Estienne, Henri; La Précellence du Langage François, 1579; ed. Huguet, -1896. - -Etherege, Sir George; Dramatist. [Born 1635.] - -Fabyan, Robert; Chronicles of England and France; ed. Henry Ellis, 1811. -[Died 1512.] - -Fairfax, Edward; Godfrey of Bulloigno or the Recoverie of Hierusalem, -1600, a translation of Tasso’s poem. - -Fanfani, Pietro; Vocabolario della Lingua Italiana, 1898. - -Farquhar, George; Dramatist; Works, ed. 1840. [Born 1678, died 1707.] - -Ferrex and Porrex; see Gorboduc. - -Field, Nathaniel; Dramatist [floruit 1610]. - -Fitzhorbert, John F.; Book of Husbandry, 1534; ed. W. W. Skeat (Eng. -Dialect Soc., 1882). - -Fletcher, John; Dramatist. [Born 1576, died 1625.] See Beaumont. - -Florio, John; A Worlde of Wordes, Dictionarie in Italian and English, -1598. - -—— Italian and English Dictionary, and English and Italian Dictionary, -by G. Torriano, ed. 1688. This is the edition usually cited. - -—— tr. of the Essays of Montaigne, 1603. - -Ford, John; Plays; ed. W. Gifford, 1827. [Born 1586, died 1639.] - -Foxe, John; Acts and Monuments (Book of Martyrs), 1563. - -Franck, J.; Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, 1892. - -Fritzner, Johan; Ordbog over det gamle norske Sprog, 1883. - -Gamelyn, the Tale of; 14th cent.; ed. Skeat, 1893. - -Gascoigne, George; Poet and Dramatist. Works, ed. W. C. Hazlitt, 1869. -[Born c. 1536, died 1577.] - -Genesis and Exodus, c. 1250; ed. R. Morris (EETS., 1865). - -Geneva Bible (English), 1562. - -Godefroy, F.; Dictionnaire de l’Ancienne Langue Française et de tous ses -Dialectes du ix^{e} au xv^{e} siècle, 1881-1902. - -Godwin, Francis, Bishop of Hereford; Man in the Moone, ed. 1638. [Born -1561, died 1633.] - -Golding, Arthur, tr. of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, 1567; ed. 1603. - -Googe, Barnaby; The Zodiac of Life, 1560-5; The Popish Kingdome, 1570; -Four Bokes of Husbandrie, tr. from Heresbach. - -Gorbodue, The Tragedy of, by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton, -produced 1561, printed 1565; authorized ed. 1571, under the name of -Ferrex and Porrex. - -Gosson, Stephen; The School of Abuse, 1579; ed. Arber, 1868. - -Gouldman, F.; A copious dictionary (Latin-English), founded on Holyoak, -1678. - -Gower, John; Complete Works; ed. G. C. Macaulay, 1902. [Died 1402.] - -Greene, Robert; The Dramatic and Poetical Works of Rob. Greene and Geo. -Peele; ed. A. Dyce, 1883. [Born 1560, died 1592.] - -Grieb-Schröer; Englisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch, -1902. - -Grimald, Nicholas; Poet; translator of ‘Tully’s Offices’. [Born c. 1519, -died 1562.] - -Grimm, Jacob; Teutonic Mythology; tr. by J. S. Stallybrass, 1880-8. - -Grose, Francis; A Provincial Glossary with a Collection of Local -Proverbs and Popular Superstitions, ed. 2, 1790. - -Habington, William; Castara, 1640; ed. Arber. - -Hall, Edward; Chronicle; printed by Grafton, 1548; ed. 1809. [Died -1547.] - -Hall, Joseph, Bishop of Norwich; Satires in Six Books, 1598; ed. 1753. - -Halliwell, J. O.; A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words; Fifth -edition, 1865. - -Hampole, Richard Rolle of; The Psalms of David, c. 1330; ed. H. R. -Bramley, 1884. - -Harington, Sir John; Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse, 1591; in -English Poets. - -Harman, Thomas; A Caveat or Warning for Common Cursetors, vulgarly -called Vagabones, 1566, ed. E. Viles and F. J. Furnivall (EETS., extra -series, 1869). - -Harrison, William; A Description of England, edited from the first two -editions of Holinshed’s Chronicle, 1577, 1587, by F. J. Furnivall (New -Shakspere Society, 1878). - -Hatzfeld: Dictionnaire de la Langue Française, par MM. A. Hatzfeld, A. -Darmesteter, et A. Thomas, 1890-6. - -Hawes, Stephen; Passetyme of Pleasure, c. 1506; reprinted for the Percy -Soc., 1846. - -Hazlitt, W. Carew; Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of England, -1864-6. - -—— see Dodsley. - -Hearne, Thomas; Reliquiae Hearnianae (ed. P. Bliss, 1857). [Born 1678, -died 1735.] - -Hellowes, Edward; Familiar Epistles of Sir Anthonie of Guevara, 1574. - -Herbert, George; The Temple, 1633; facsimile reprint, 1885. - -Herbert, Sir Thomas; Travels, 1665; ed. 1677. - -Hero and Leander, a paraphrase of the poem ascribed to Musaeus by -Marlowe, completed by Chapman, 1598; see NED. (s.v. Imperance). - -Herrick, Robert; Poetical Works; ed. W. Carew Hazlitt, 1869. [Born 1591, -died 1674.] - -Hexham, H.; A large Netherdutch and English Dictionarie, Rotterdam, -1648. - -Heylin, Peter; Microcosmus, 1621. - -Heywood, John; English Proverbs, 1546; ed. John S. Farmer, 1906. - -Heywood, Thomas; Dramatic Works; ed. 1874. [Temp. Elizabeth-Charles I.] - -Hoccleve (or Occleve), Thomas; De Regimine Principum, 14th cent.; ed. by -T. Wright (Roxburghe Club, 1860). - -Holinshed, Ralph; Chronicles. Reprint of first ed., 1577-87. - -Holland, Philemon; tr. of Pliny’s Natural History, 1634. - -Howell, James; Epistolae Ho-Elianae, Familiar Letters; ed. 5, 1678. - -—— Instructions for Foreign Travel, 1642 (ed. Arber, 1868). [Born c. -1594, died 1666.] - -Huloet, Richard; Abecedarium Anglo-Latinum, 1552. - -Icelandic Dictionary: Cleasby and Vigfusson, Oxford, 1874. - -Johnson, Samuel; Dictionary of the English Language, 1755. - -Jonson, Ben; Works, ed. Gifford; reprint, 1860. [Born 1574, died 1637.] - -Joyce, P. W.; English as we Speak it in Ireland, 1910. - -Kilian, C.; Old Dutch Dictionary, 1777. - -King Alisaunder; see Weber’s Metrical Romances. - -King Horn, The Geste of, c. 1250; ed. Lumby (EETS., 1867). - -Kluge, F.; Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache, ed. 5, 1894. - -Koolman, J.; Wörterbuch der Ostfriesischen Sprache, 1884. [The dialect -is not E. Frisian; it is a variety of Low German.] - -Kyd, Thomas; Spanish Tragedy, 1592; ed. J. Schick, 1901. - -La Curne de Sainte-Palaye; Dictionnaire historique de l’ancien langage -françois, 10 vols., 1882. - -Latimer, Hugh; Seven Sermons before Edward VI, 1549; ed. 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Brock (EETS., -1865.) - -Munday, Anthony; Play-writer, ballad-writer, and pamphleteer; The Mirror -of Mutabilitie, or Principal Part of the Mirrour of Magistrates: -Selected out of the Sacred Scriptures. - -Nabbes, Thomas; Dramatist; Microcosmus, 1637. - -Napier, A. S.; Old English Glosses (Anecdota Oxoniensia, 1900). - -Nares, Robert; A Glossary to the Works of English Authors, particularly -Shakespeare and his contemporaries, 1822; a new ed. by J. O. Halliwell -and Thomas Wright, 1859, reprinted 1876. [Born 1753, died 1829.] - -NED.; The New English Dictionary. Editors, Sir James Murray, Dr. Henry -Bradley, and Dr. William Craigie. The Clarendon Press, Oxford. - -North, Sir Thomas; Translation of Plutarch’s Lives, 1595. - -—— Shakespeare’s Plutarch, being a Selection from North’s Plutarch, by -W. W. Skeat, 1875. - -Norton, Thomas; Collaborator with Thomas Sackville in writing the first -English tragedy of _Gorboduc_, 1561; and of Sternhold and Hopkins, in a -version of the Psalms, 1562. Translator of Calvin’s Institutes, 1561. - -Notes on English Etymology, W. W. Skeat, 1901. - -Occleve; see Hoccleve. - -O’Curry, E.; Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish, 3 vols., 1873. - -Oldest English Texts; ed. H. Sweet (EETS., 1886). - -Oldham, John; Poetical Works, ed. by Robert Bell, 1871. [Born 1653, died -1683.] - -Oxford Records: Selections from the Records of the City of Oxford, -1509-83; ed. W. H. Turner, 1880. - -Palsgrave, Jehan; Lesclaircissement de la Langue Françoyse, 1530; -reprint, Paris, 1852. - -Paston Letters, 1422-1509; ed. J. Gairdner, 1872-5. - -Paul, H.; Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1897. - -Peele, George; Dramatic and Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1839. [Died -1597.] - -Pepys, Samuel; Diary, 1659-69; ed. Lord Braybrooke. - -Phaer, Thomas; The Nyne First Books of the Æneid of Virgil, 1562; the -translation was finished by Twyne. [Born c. 1510, died 1560.] - -Phillips, Edward; The New World of Words, or Universal English -Dictionary, 1706. - -Piers Plowman, 1362-1400; ed. W. W. Skeat, with Notes and Glossary, -1877-84. - -Plantin, Christophe; Thesaurus Theutonicae Linguae, 1573. - -Plowman’s Tale, The, c. 1400; printed in The Works of Jeffrey Chaucer, -ed. Th. Speght, 1687; reprinted in Political Poems and Songs; see below. - -Political Poems and Songs, ed. Thomas Wright (Rolls Series, 1859-61). - -Pollard, A. W.; English Miracle Plays, Moralities and Interludes, 1890. - -Prompt.: Promptorium Parvulorun, c. 1440; ed. A. Way (Camden Soc., -1843-65); also, A. L. Mayhew (EETS., extra series, CII, 1908). - -Proverbs. A Handbook of Proverbs, collected by H. G. Bohn, containing -Ray’s Collection, with Large Additions, 1870. - -Proverbs. Early English Proverbs, collected by W. W. Skeat, 1910. - -Proverbs of Hendyng, 1272-1307; printed in Reliquiae Antiquae (ed. -Wright and Halliwell), and in J. M. Kemble’s Appendix to ‘The Dialogues -of Salomon and Saturn’ (Ælfric Society, 1848). - -Psalter (Anglo-Norman), 12th cent.; ed. by F. Michel from a Bodleian -MS., Oxford, 1850. - -Psalter of the Great Bible, 1539; ed. John Earle, 1894. - -Psalter, Old English; see Vespasian Psalter. - -Puttenham, G.; The Arte of English Poesie, 1589; ed. Arber, 1869. - -Quarles, Francis; Argalus and Parthenia, 1621; Emblems Divine and Moral, -1635. - -Rabelais, Œuvres de, avec un Glossaire par M. Pierre Jannet, 1874. - -Randolph, Thomas; Dramatist; The Muses’ Looking-Glass, 1638. - -Ray, John; A Collection of English Proverbs, 1670; ed. 5, H. G. Bohn, -1870. - -—— A Collection of English Words, 2nd ed. 1691; rearranged and edited -by W. W. Skeat (EDS., 1874). - -Return from Parnassus, The; Pt. i acted in Cambridge, 1601; ed. W. D. -Macray, 1886; Pt. ii, acted 1602. The whole edited by Arber, 1870. - -Reynard the Fox, translated and printed by William Caxton, 1481; ed. -Arber, 1878. - -Richard the Redeles, printed with the C text of Piers the Plowman; ed. -W. W. Skeat, 1886. - -Rietz, J. E.; Svenskt Dialekt-Lexicon, 1867. - -Robert of Gloucester’s Chronicle, c. 1298; ed. T. Hearne, 1724; -reprinted, 1810; ed. W. Aldis Wright (Rolls Series, 1887). - -Robynson, Raphe; tr. of More’s Utopia, 2nd ed. 1556; ed. J. R. Lumby, -1879; ed. Arber. See More, Sir T. - -Rogers, Daniel; Divine Naaman the Syrian, 1642. - -Roister Doister, see Udall. - -Rollo, Richard, of Hampole; died 1349; see Hampole. - -Romaunt of the Rose. A translation of the French Roman de la Rose; Part -A by Chaucer; Part B in Northern (Lincoln) dialect; Part C of unknown -origin; ed. Skeat (Student’s Chaucer). - -Rönsch, Hermann; Itala und Vulgata, 1875 (Die Römische Volkssprache). - -Roquette, J. I.; Dictionnaire Portugais-Français, Paris, 1855. - -Rough List: of English Words found in Anglo-French, in Skeat’s Notes on -English Etymology, 1901. - -Rowley, William; Comedian and Playwright. A Search for Money; or the -Lamentable Complaint for the Losse of the Wandering Knight, Monsieur -l’Argent, 1609. - -Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst [born 1536, died 1608]; see Gorboduc, -Mirrour for Magistrates. Works ed. by R. W. Sackville-West, 1859. - -Sainéan, L.; L’Argot ancien, 1907. - -Sandys, George; A Relation of a Journey, 1610; ed. 3, 1632. - -Schade, Oskar; Altdeutsches Wörterbuch, 1872-82. - -Schmid, Johann Christoph von; Schwäbisches Wörterbuch, 1844. - -Schmidt, Alexander; Shakespeare-Lexicon, 1874-5. - -Sewel, W.; Dictionary, English and Dutch, Dutch and English, 1727; ed. -5, 1754; augmented and improved by Egbert Buys, 1766. - -Shadwell, Thomas; Dramatist, Poet Laureate. [Born 1640, died 1692.] - -Shakespeare. The Globe Edition; ed. by W. G. Clark and W. Aldis Wright, -1864. References generally as in Schmidt’s Lexicon. His Dramas and Poems -are referred to by the name of the Play or Poem alone. - -Sherwood, Robert (‘Londoner’); A Dictionary. English and French, 1672 -(serves as an English index to Cotgrave, ed. 1673). - -Shirley, James; Dramatic Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1833. [Born c. 1594, died -1666.] - -Sidney, Sir Philip; Arcadia, 1581, published 1590; Apology for Poetrie, -1595; ed. Arber, 1868. - -Sin. Barth.: Sinonyma Bartholomei, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota -Oxoniensia, 1887). - -Skelton, John; Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1843. [Born c. 1460, died -1529.] - -Skinner, S.; Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae, 1671. - -Spenser: The Complete Works of Edmund Spenser. The Globe edition, ed. by -R. Morris. Shepherds’ Calendar [Shep. Kal.], 1579; Faery Queen [F. Q.], -1590-6. - -Stanford: The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases; ed. -C. A. M. Fennell, 1892. - -Stanyhurst, Richard; tr. of Aeneid, bks. i-iv, 1582; ed. Arber, 1880. - -Stevens, John; Spanish and English Dictionary, 1706. - -Stow, John; Survey of London, 1598; ed. Thoms, 1842. - -Strutt, Joseph; The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, 1801; -ed. W. Horne, 1834. - -Stubbes, Philip; Anatomy of the Abuses in England, 1583; ed. F. J. -Furnivall, 1877-9. - -Student’s Pastime, A; Selections of Articles reprinted from ‘Notes and -Queries’, by W. W. Skeat, 1896. - -Surrey, Earl of (Henry Howard) [died 1547]. Poems; in Tottel’s -Miscellany. - -Sweet, Henry; The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon, 1897. - -Tarlton, Richard; Satirist; Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, publ. -1590. [Died 1588.] - -Thersites, An Interlude, first performed in August, 1537; 1st ed. c. -1560; reprinted 1820, included in Hazlitt’s ed. of Dodsley’s Old English -Plays; extracts printed in English Miracle Plays, ed. A. W. Pollard, -1890. - -Thomas, Antoine; Essais de Philologie Française, 1897. - -Tomkis (or Tomkys), Thomas; Plays in Hazlitt’s Dodsley. Albumazar, 1615. - -Topsell, Edward; The History of four-footed Beasts and Serpents, 1608. - -Tottel, Richard; Printer of Tottel’s Miscellany, a collection of verses, -known in society, but never before published, by the Earl of Surrey, Sir -Thomas Wyatt, and others, 1557; ed. Arber, 1870. - -Tourneur, Cyril; Plays and Poems; ed. J. Churton Collins, 1878. [Born c. -1575, died 1626.] - -Towneley Mysteries, c. 1450; printed for Surtees Soc., 1836; also ed. G. -England and A. W. Pollard (EETS., extra series, 1897). - -Trench, Richard C. (Archbishop); Select Glossary, ed. 7, 1890 (revised -by A. L. Mayhew). - -Trevisa, John of; Translation of Higden’s Polychronicon, 1387; ed. J. R. -Lumby (Rolls Series, 1865-6). - -Tuke, Sir Samuel; Dramatist. Adventures of Five Hours, 1663; in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley. - -Turbervile, George; see English Poets. —— Booke of Venerie [Hunting], -1575. - -Tusser, Thomas; Five hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie; first ed. 1573; -ed. Payne and Herrtage (EDS., 1878). - -Twyne, Thomas; Completion of Phaer’s translation of the Aeneid, 1573. - -Tyndale, William; The Whole Workes of W. Tyndale, John Frith, and Doctor -Barnes, printed by John Daye, 1572. Tyndale’s Translation of the New -Testament into English was first printed in 1525. - -Udall, Nicholas; Roister Doister, c. 1553; ed. Arber, 1869. Translation -of the Apophthegmes of Erasmus, 1532. - -Vanbrugh, Sir John; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1666, died -1726.] - -Vespasian Psalter, the OE. (Mercian) interlinear version, printed in -‘Oldest English Texts’ (q.v.). - -Voc.: Wright’s Old English Vocabularies; ed. Wülcker, 1884; see also -Wright, Thomas. - -Warner, William; Albion’s England, 1586; see English Poets. - -Weber’s Metrical Romances, 1810. Vol. 1 contains King Alisaunder, c. -1310. - -Webster, John; Works; ed. A. Dyce; new ed. 1857. [Born 1607, died 1661.] - -Weigand, Friedrich; Deutsches Wörterbuch; ed. 3, 1878. - -Westward Ho, a play by Dekker and Webster, 1607. - -Wever, R.; An Enterlude called Lusty Juventus, 1550. - -Wilkins, George; Miseries of Inforst Marriage, 1607; in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ix. 533. - -William of Palerne, The Romance of, c. 1350; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., -1867). - -Withals, John; A Short Dictionarie for yonge beginners, 1556. - -Worlidge, J.; Dictionarium Rusticum, 1681. - -Wright, Thomas; A Volume of Vocabularies, 1857; ed. 2, privately -printed, 1882. - -Wright, William Aldis; The Bible Word-Book, 2nd ed., 1884. - -Wyatt, Sir Thomas; Poetical Works; ed. R. Bell, 1854. [Born 1503, died -1542.] - -Wycherley, William; Dramatic Works; ed. 1840, with those of Congreve, -Vanbrugh, and Farquhar. [Born c. 1640, died 1715.] - -Wyclif, John; The Holy Bible, 1382-8; ed. Forshall and Madden, 1850. - -—— New Testament, with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat. - -—— Job, Psalms, &c., with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat. - -Wynkyn de Worde (Jan van Wynkyn), native of Worth in Alsace. Printer. -Came to England with Caxton from Bruges 1476, died c. 1534. - -York Plays, c. 1430; ed. Miss L. Toulmin Smith, 1885. - - - - - ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS - - -=berry.= In the Malone Society’s Reprint, 1. 1432, of Quarto 1599, the -text is: - - ‘A berrie of faire Rooes I saw to day - Down by the groves, and there I’ll take my stand, - And shoot at one.’ - -Probably the correct reading would be ‘a bevie of faire Rooes’ (i.e. a -number of fair roe-deer). But see NED. (s.v. Berry, sb.^{3}), where the -word is used as the special name for a company of rabbits. - -=bulk,= the trunk, body of a person; cp. Richard III, i. 4. 40, ‘The -envious flood Stopt in my soul . . . smother’d it within my panting -bulk.’ - -=Burgullian.= Perhaps a contemptuous form of _Burgundian_ (or -_Burgonian_), a native of Burgundy, with reference to John Larrosse, ‘a -Burgonian by nation and a fencer by profession’, who challenged all -comers in 1598. - -=forslow.= For _Macilense_ read _Macilente_. - -=Napier’s bones,= invented by John Napier, eighth laird of Merchiston -[not Lord Napier]. - -=skibbered.= The reading of the Bodleian MS. _skybredd_ shows that the -meaning of the word is _sky-bred_. - -=sothery.= The play referred to is _The Four P’s_. - -=spargirica.= B. Jonson’s spelling _spagyrica_ may be defended from -French usage; cp. Dict. de l’Acad., 1672: ‘_Spagyrique_ ou _Spagirique_. -Il se dit de la Chimie qui s’occupe de l’analyse des métaux, et de la -recherche de la pierre philosophale. C’est la même chose que la _Chimie -métallurgique_ ou la _Métallurgie_’. The word _spagyrique_ in the phrase -‘un philosophe spagyrique’ occurs frequently in Anatole France’s ‘La -Rôtisserie de la Reine Pédauque’. - -=strummel.= _Strummel-patch’d_ (so Gifford). The 1616 Folio reads -‘whoreson strummel, patch’t, goggle-ey’d Grumbledories’. - -=trash.= For Othello, ii. 1. 132, read ii. 1. 312; and see Schmidt’s -note on the word. - -=turm.= Milton, P. R. iv. 66. - -=warden.= _Dele_ or (from the arms of Warden Abbey). - - - - - A - - -=aband,= to abandon. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 65; Mirror for Magistrates, -Albanact, st. 20. - -=abatures,= the traces left by a stag in the underwood through which he -has passed. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 26, p. 68. F. _abatture_, a throwing -down. See NED. - -=abeare,= _reflex._, to demean oneself. Only in Spenser in this sense, -F. Q. v. 12. 19; vi. 9. 45. - -=abiliments,= ‘abiliments of war’, warlike accoutrements, things which -made ‘able’ for war. More, Richard III (ed. 1641, 414). OF. -(_h_)_abillement_, ‘tout ce qui est propre à quelque chose, machines de -guerre’ (Didot). - -=able,= to warrant, vouch for. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio); -King Lear, iv. 6. 173. - -=ablesse,= ability. Only in Chapman, Iliad, v. 248. - -=abode,= to forebode, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 93. An announcement, Chapman, -Iliad, xiii. 146, 226. Cp. OE. _ābēodan_, to announce (pp. _āboden_). - -=abodement,= a foreboding, presage, omen. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 13. - -=abord,= used by Spenser for _abroad_, adrift. Ruins of Rome, xiv; -Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 324. - -=aborde,= to approach. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 99, back, l. 8; lf. -103. 6; ‘_I aborde_, as one shyppe dothe an-other’, Palsgrave. F. -_aborder_, to come to the side of; from _à_, to, _bord_, side. - -=abraid, abray,= in Spenser, to start out of sleep, a swoon, to awake; -‘I did out of sleepe abray’, F. Q. iv. 6. 36; ‘Sir Satyrane abraid Out -of the swowne’, F. Q. iv. 4. 22; to arouse, startle, ‘For feare lest her -unwares she should abrayd’, F. Q. iii. 1. 61; ‘The brave maid would not -for courtesie, Out of his quiet slumber him abrade’, F. Q. iii. 11. 8. -ME. _abreyde_, to start up, start from sleep, awake (Chaucer); OE. -_ābregdan_. - -=abraid,= to upbraid. Greene, Alphonsus, ii (Belinus), ed. Dyce, 231; ‘I -abrayde one, I caste one in the tethe’, Palsgrave. A n. Yorks. form -(EDD.). - -=Abram-colour’d,= auburn. Said of a beard. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, ii. 2 (Curvetto); Coriolanus, ii. 3. 21. See Nares. - -=Abram-man, Abraham-man,= a sham patriarch, a begging vagabond. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 5; Massinger, New Way, ii. 1 (Marrall); -‘An Abraham-man is he that walketh bare-armed, and bare-legged, and -fayneth hymselfe mad, . . . and nameth himselfe poor Tom’, Awdeley, -Fraternity of Vagabonds, p. 3. - -=abron,= auburn. ‘Curled head With abron locks was fairly furnished’, -Hall, Satires, v. 8. A Shropsh. pronunciation (EDD.). OF. _auborne_, -Med. L. _alburnus_, ‘subalbus’ (Ducange). - -=abrook,= to brook, endure. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 10. - -=abrupt,= separated, parted asunder. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 -(Maria); as subst., an abrupt place, a precipice over an abyss, Milton, -P. L. ii. 409. - -=absey-book,= a spelling-book, primer. King John, i. 1. 196. For _A-B-C -book_. - -=aby,= to pay the penalty for. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 175; Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 8. 33. ME. _abye_, to pay for (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4393); OE. -_ābycgan_. - -=acates,= provisions that are purchased. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. -1 (P. sen.); Sad Shepherd, i. 3. 19. Norm. F. _acat_, purchase (Moisy). - -=accent,= misused with the sense of ‘scent’. ‘The vines with blossoms do -abound, which yield a sweet _accént_’, Drayton, Harmonie of the Church; -Sol. Song, ch. ii. l. 28. - -=access,= an attack of illness. Also spelt _axes_, Skelton, Garl. of -Laurell, 315; _accesses_, pl., Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 822. _Access_ -is used in Kent and Sussex for an ague-fit (EDD.). F. _accès_, cp. ‘_un -accès de fièvre_’. - -=accite,= to summon. 2 Hen. IV, v. 2. 141; Titus Andron. i. 1. 27; -Chapman, tr. Iliad, ii. 376, has ‘summon’ (his first version had -_accite_); pt. t. _accited_, id. xi. 595; _accite_, imp., Heywood, -Dialogue iv; vol. vi. p. 163. L. _accitare_, to summon. - -=accite,= to excite. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 67; B. Jonson, Underwoods (ed. -1692, p. 563). - -=accloye,= to stop up, choke (with weeds). Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 15; -‘_accloyed_, as a Horse, Accloy’d or Cloyed, i.e. nail’d or prickt in -the shooing’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. F. _encloyer_, ‘to cloy, choak, or -stop up’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. _inclavare_, to lame a horse with a nail -while shoeing (Ducange); L. _clavus_, a nail. - -=accomplement,= accomplishment. Shaks. (?), Edw. III, iv. 6. 66. See -NED. - -=accourt,= to entertain courteously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 16. - -=accoy,= to daunt, tame, soothe. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 48; F. Q. -iv. 8. 59. OF. _acoier_, to quiet; deriv. of _coi_, quiet; cp. Med. L. -_acquietare_ (_adquietare_), ‘quietum reddere’ (Ducange). - -=accoyl,= to assemble, gather together. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30. OF. -_acoillir_, to assemble; Med. L. _accolligere_ (Ducange). - -=accumber, acomber,= to encumber, oppress. ‘That my sowle be not -_acombred_’, Reynard the Fox (ed. Arber, p. 34). Anglo-F. _encumbrer_, -‘accabler’ (Ch. Rol. 15). - -=achates,= provisions, purchased as required. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 31. -See =acates.= - -=acknown,= _pp._ acknowledged. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 229; _to be acknown -on_, to confess knowledge of, Othello, iii. 3. 320; _to be acknowen of_, -to acknowledge, Puttenham, English Poesie, iii. 22 (p. 260). OE. -_oncnāwen_, pp. of _oncnāwan_, to acknowledge. - -=a-cop,= on high; sticking up. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Drugger). OE. -_copp_, top, summit. - -=acopus,= a restorative plant, mentioned by Pliny. Middleton, The Witch, -v. 2 (Hecate). L. _acopus_, Gk. ἄκοπος; ἀ, not + κόπος, weariness. - -=acquest,= an acquisition, gain. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. -90, 172). OF. _aquest_, Med. L. _acquistum_ (Ducange), L. _acquisitum_, -a thing acquired. - - =acquist,= Milton, Samson Ag. 1755. Directly from the Latin, or - from the Ital. _acquisto_. - -=acroche,= to grasp, try to acquire. ‘_I acroche_, as a man dothe that -wynneth goodes or landes off another by sleyght, _Iaccroche_’, -Palsgrave. - -=acton;= see =haqueton.= - -=actuate,= to act. Massinger, Roman Actor, iv. 2 (Paris). Med. L. -_actuare_, ‘perficere’ (Ducange). - -=aculeate,= pointed. Bacon, Essay 57, § 5. L. _aculeus_, a sting, sharp -point. L. _acus_, a needle. - -=adamant,= a load-stone, magnet. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 195; Marlowe, -Edw. II, ii. 5 (Arundel). ME. _adamaunt_, the loadstone or magnet -(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1182). - -=Adamite,= a member of a sect that dispensed with clothes at their -meetings. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 4 (Mis. Car.). Cp. The Guardian, no. -134 (Aug. 14, 1713), § last. - -=adaunt,= to quell, subdue. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8. 11; leaf 79, -back, l. 5. OF. _adonter_, _donter_, L. _domitare_, to tame (Virgil). - -=adauntreley,= error for _ad[u]aunt-relay_, lit. a relay in front; a -laying on of fresh hounds to take up a chase. Return from Parnassus, ii. -5 (Amoretto). From _aduaunt_ (_avaunt_) and _relay_; see _Avant-lay_ in -NED. - -=adaw,= to daunt, suppress, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13; iv. 6. -26; v. 9. 35; Shep. Kal., Feb., 141. A word due to the ME. adv. _adawe_, -in phr. _do adawe_, to put out of life (lit. day), to quell. The ME. -_adawe_ = OE. _of dagum_, out of days. - -=addulce,= to sweeten, render palatable. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -84). - -=adelantado,= a Spanish grandee, a lord-lieutenant. Spelt _adalantado_; -B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Puntarvolo); Alchemist, iii. 2 -(Face); Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Span. _adelantado_, -promoted, advanced, pp. of _adelantar_, to advance. See =lantedo.= - -=adjection,= addition. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 6. 5. L. _adjectio_. - -=adjouste,= to add, give; lit. to adjust. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 43. -2; lf. 141, back, 24. - -=adminiculation,= aid, help, support. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. -i, c. 3, § last; c. 8, § 6; c. 13, § 4. Med. L. _adminiculatio_, -‘auxilium’, _adminiculus_, ‘minister’ (Ducange). - -=admire,= to wonder. Milton, P. L. ii. 677; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. 167. - -=adore.= A form of _adorn_ in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 46. - -=adoubted,= afraid. Morte Arthur, leaf 241. 2; bk. x, c. 12 (end). - -=adowbe,= to adub, to equip, array. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 32. 28; -lf. 222. 15. Also _adubbe_, to dub a knight, id. 312. 31. Anglo-F. -_aduber_, ‘armer’ (Ch. Rol.), also _adubber_. - -=adrad,= _pp._ dreaded. Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 4; frightened; -Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 304. ME. _adrad_, afraid (Chaucer, C. T. A. -605); OE. _ofdrǣd_, frightened. - -=adrop= (ádrop), a term in alchemy; either the lead out of which the -mercury was to be extracted to make ‘the philosopher’s stone’, or the -stone itself. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surface). - -=adust,= parched, burnt up. Bacon, Essay 36; Milton, P. L. xii. 635. -Also _adusted_, P. L. vi. 514. L. _adustus_, burnt up, pp. of _adurere_. - -=advaile,= ‘avail’, advantage, profit. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, -c. 9, § 6. - -=advant-garde,= vanguard. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 35; bk. i, c. 15. -F. _avant-garde_ (Cotgr.) See Dict. (s.v. Van). - -=advaunt,= _reflex._, to boast, brag, ‘vaunt’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 4 (end); bk. i, c. 15, § 3. - -=advision,= vision. Morte Arthur, leaf 14. 15; Table of Contents, xiv. -7. ME. _avisioun_ (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 7). - -=advoutresse,= an adulteress. Roister Doister, v. 3. 9. Bacon, Essay 19, -§ 6. ME. _avoutresse_ (Wyclif, Rom. vii. 3); OF. _avoutresse_. - -=adyt, addit,= a recess or sanctuary of a temple. Greene, A -Looking-glass, iv. 3 (1543); p. 137, col. 1. L. _adytum_, Gk. ἄδυτον, -not to be entered, sacred; from ἀ, not, δύειν, to enter. - -=aerie= (in Shakespeare), the brood of a bird of prey, and particularly -of hawks, King John, v. 2. 149; Rich. III, i. 3. 264; ‘aerie of -children’ (with reference to the young choristers of the Chapel Royal -and St. Paul’s, who took part in plays), Hamlet ii. 2. 354. The word -represents an OF. _airiée_, pp. of _aairier_, _adairier_, Romanic type -_adareare_, der. of Med. L. _area_, ‘accipitrum nidus’ (Ducange). - -=aeromancy,= divination by the air. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, i. 2 -(188); scene 2. 17 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). - -=aesture,= surge, raging of the sea. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 111. -Deriv. of L. _aestus_, the heaving motion of the sea. - -=afeard,= afraid. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 28; _affered_, Dryden, Cock and -Fox, 136. In gen. prov. use throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England -(EDD.). ME. _afered_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 482, OE. _āfǣred_, -frightened, pp. of _āfǣran_. - -=affamed of,= famished by, starved by. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 248, -back, 2. F. _affamé_, famished, starved (Cotgr.). - -=affect,= to love, be fond of. Two Gent. iii. 1. 82; Two Noble Kinsmen, -ii. 4. 2. L. _affectare_, to strive after a thing passionately. - -=affect,= affection, passion. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 45; vi. 5. 24; Hymn -in Honour of Love, 180. L. _affectus_, passion, desire. - -=affectionate,= to feel affection for. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, -iii. 3; scene 10. 78 (W.); p. 171, col. 1 (D.). - -=affrap,= to strike sharply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 26; iii. 2. 6. Ital. -_affrappare_, to beat (Florio). - -=affret,= onset, fierce encounter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; iv. 3. 16. -Cp. Ital. _affrettare_, to hasten, make speed (Florio). - -=affront,= to meet face to face, to encounter. Hamlet, iii. 1. 31; Ford, -Perkin Warbeck, v. 1 (Dalyell). _Affront_, an accost, meeting. Greene, -Tu Quoque, or The City Gallant; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 265. F. -_affronter_, ‘to come before, or face to face’ (Cotgr.). - -=affy,= to betroth, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 80; _to affy in_, to trust in, -Titus Andron. i. 1. 47. Anglo-F. _afier_, ‘affirmer, assurer; mettre sa -confiance en, se fier à’ (Moisy). Med. L. _affidare_, ‘fidem dare’ -(Ducange). - -=afterclap,= an unexpected consequence, generally unpleasant. Latimer, -Serm. I, 27; _after-claps_, pl., Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 4; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 49; Taylor, Life of Old Parr (EDD.). In prov. use in -various parts of England (EDD.). - -=agate,= on the way. ‘Let him agate’; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 6 -(Phantastes); ‘Let us be agate, let us start’; Interlude of Youth, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 25. In prov. use in the north country, and in -various other parts of England (EDD.). - -=agazed,= astounded, amazed. Surrey, Description of Restless State, 44 -in Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 4); _agaz’d on_, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. 126. -Prob. a variant of ME. _agast_ (Wyclif), E. _aghast_. - -=agerdows,= compounded of sour and sweet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -1250. F. _aigre-doux_, sour-sweet. L. _acer_ and _dulcis_. - -=aggrace,= to shew grace and favour. Pt. t. _agraste_; Spenser, F. Q. i. -10. 18. Hence _aggrace_, sb. favour; id. ii. 8. 56. Ital. _aggraziare_, -to confer a favour; _agratiare_, to favour (Florio). Med. L. -_aggratiare_ (Ducange). - -=aggrate,= to please, delight, charm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 50; v. 11. -19; vi. 10. 33. Ital. _aggratare_, ‘to sute’ (Florio). - -=aglet,= the metal end or tag of a lace. ‘He made hys pen of the aglet -of a poynte that he plucked from hys hose’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. 1869, p. -117); a metallic stud or spangle. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 5; -‘_Tremolante_, aglets or spangles’ (Florio). In Cumberland the metal end -of a bootlace is called an _aglet_ (EDD.). ME. _aglet_, to lace wyth -alle (Prompt. Harl. MS.). F. _aiguillette_, a point (Cotgr.). - -=agloute,= to feed to satisfaction, to glut. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, -leaf 187, back, 14; lf. 41, back, 5. ME. _aglotye_ (P. Plowman, C. x. -76). See NED. (s.v. Aglut). - -=agnize,= to recognize, acknowledge. Othello, i. 3. 232; _agnise_, -Udall, Erasmus Apophth. (ed. 1877, 271). Formed on the analogy of -_recognize_, cp. L. _agnoscere_, to acknowledge. - -=a-good,= in good earnest, heartily. Two Gent. of Verona, iv. 3; Udall, -Roister Doister, iii. 4 (near the end); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2 -(Ithamar). See Nares. - -=agreve,= to aggravate, make more grievous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i. c. 6 (end); Sir T. More, Rich. III (ed. Lumby, p. 68, l. 13). ME. -_agrevyn_, ‘aggravare’ (Prompt. EETS. 200). Anglo-F. _agrever_ (Moisy). - -=agrim, agrum,= a common 16th-cent. form of ‘algorism’, a name for the -Arabic or decimal system of numeration, hence arithmetic; ‘I reken, I -counte by cyfers of agrym’, Palsgrave; ‘As a Cypher in Agrime’, Foxe, A. -& M. iii. 265 (NED.); ‘A poor cypher in agrum’, Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, -p. 379, col. 1). ME. _awgrym_: ‘As siphre . . . in awgrym that noteth a -place and no thing availith’ (Richard Redeles. iv. 53); _algorisme_ -(Gower, C. A. vii. 155). OF. _augorisme_, Med. L. _algorismus_, -‘numerandi ars’ (Ducange), cp. Span. _alguarismo_ (_guarismo_), -arithmetic (Stevens), from _al-Khowârezmi_, the surname of a famous Arab -mathematician who lived in the 9th cent. See Dozy, Glossaire, 131. - -=agrise, agryse,= to terrify, horrify. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 46; iii. 2. -24; _agrysed_, afraid, W. Browne, Shepherd’s Pipe, i. 501. OE. -_agrīsan_, to shudder. - -=agrum;= see =agrim.= - -=aguise, aguize,= to dress, array, deck. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 21. 31; -ii. 6. 7. Cp. _guize_, fashion, appearance, ii. 2. 14; ii. 6. 25; ii. -12. 21. - -=aim,= in phr. _to cry aim_, to encourage an archer by crying out _aim!_ -King John, ii. 1. 196; _to give aim_, to direct; see Webster, Vittoria -(ed. Dyce, p. 20). The giver of aim stood near the butts, and reported -the success of the shot. Hence _aim-giving_, Ascham, Toxophilus, 160. - -=A-la-mi-re,= a name given to the octave of _A-re_; the latter being the -second lowest note in the scale, which was denoted by the letter A, and -sung to the syllable _re_. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Crotchet); -Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 107. N.B. Wrongly defined in the NED.; but the -right definition, with a full explanation, is given in NED. under the -heading _A-re_. The octave of A was, in fact, sung to the syllable _la_ -when occurring in the second hexachord, which began with C; to _mi_, in -the third hexachord, which began with F; and to _re_, in the fourth, -which began with the octave of G. - -=alate,= of late, lately. King Lear, i. 4. 208; Greene, Friar Bacon, i. -1. 3. Still in use in Yorks. and Lancashire (EDD.). ME. _a-late_ (Dest. -Troy, 4176). - -=albricias,= a reward for good news. Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, v. -1 (Pedro); Digby, Elvira, ii. 1. 1. Span. _albricias_, reward for newes -(Minsheu). Arab. _al bishâra_, joyful tidings, cp. Port. _alviçaras_. -See Dozy, _Glossaire_, 74. - -=alcatote,= a simpleton, a foolish fellow. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1 -(Spadone). Cp. the Devon word _alkitotle_ (EDD.). - -=alcatras,= a name given by English voyagers to the Frigate Bird, -_Tachypetes aquilus_, Drayton, The Owl, 549. Port. _alcatráz_, ‘mauve, -goéland: oiseau de mer; pélican du Chili, cormoran, calao des Moluques; -_alcatráz les Antilhas_, onocrotale, grand gosier, oiseau de marais’ -(Roquette). - -=alchemy,= a metallic composition imitating gold; spelt _alcumy_, -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); applied to a trumpet of such -metal or of brass, ‘Put to their mouths the sounding alchymie’, Milton, -P. L. ii. 517. - -=Alchoroden,= or =Alchochoden,= the planet which rules in the principal -parts of an astrological figure, at the nativity of any one, and which -regulates the number of years he has to live. Beaumont and Fl., Bloody -Brother, iv. 1 (Norbret). So explained in a note. Spelt _alchochoden_, -B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). From Pers. _Kat-khudā_, -lord of the ascendant (Richardson). See =almuten.= - -=alcumise, alchemize,= to change by help of alchemy, to transmute -metals. Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1 (Midas). - -=alcumyn,= a kind of brass. Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 904. For -_alchem-ine_; see =alchemy.= - -=alder,= of all; _your alder_ speed, the help of you all; Everyman, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 135. ME. _alder_ (Chaucer). OE. _ealra_, gen. pl. -of _eall_, all. - - =alderliefest,= dearest of all, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 28; ‘the - alderliefest swain of all’, Greene, Descript. Shepherd, 42 (ed. - Dyce, p. 304). ME. _alderleuest_ (Chaucer, Tr. & Cr. iii. 239). - -=ale,= an ale-house. Two Gent. ii. 5. 61; _at the ale_, Greene, A -Looking-glass, iv. 4 (1616); p. 138, col. 1. Cp. ME. _atten ale_, at the -ale-house (P. Plowman, B. vi. 117). - -=ale-bottle,= a wooden ale-keg. Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 4 -(Firk). - -=alecie,= drunkenness; a humorous formation from _ale_, with _-cie_ -added, as in _luna-cie_ (lunacy). ‘Lunasie or _alecie_’, Lyly, Mother -Bombie, iv. 2 (Riscio). - -=Ale-conner,= an officer appointed to look to the assize and goodness of -bread and ale. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb., iii. 3 (Oliver). A -Lincolnshire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ale, 3). - -=alegge,= to allay. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 5. ME. _alleggyn_ or -softyn peyn, ‘allevio, mitigo’ (Prompt. EETS. 21). - -=alembic,= an alchemist’s still; sometimes, the head of the still. B. -Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon); spelt _lembic_, iii. 2. 4. - -=ale-stake,= a stake or pole projecting from an ale-house, to bear a -bush, garland, or other sign. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 191. - -=alew,= halloo, outcry. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 13. - -=alferez,= an ensign, standard-bearer. Fletcher, Rule a Wife, i. 1. 12; -_alfarez_, B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1 (Tipto). Span. _alférez_. Arab. -_al-fâris_, a horseman, from _faras_, a horse. - -=alfridaria,= used of the power which a planet has (each for seven -years) over a man’s life. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 5. From Arab. root -_faraḍa_, to define, decree, appoint a time for a thing; with suffix -_-aria_. - -=alga,= seaweed. Dryden, Astræa Redux, 119. L. _alga_. - -=algate=(=s,= always, continually. Stanyhurst, Aeneid, 1 (ed. 1880, 20); -altogether, ‘Una now he algates must forgoe’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2; -nevertheless, notwithstanding, Shep. Kal., Nov., 21. _Algates_ is a -north country word, meaning ‘in every way, by all means’ (EDD.). ME. -_algates_, notwithstanding (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2222); _allegate_, in -every way (Ancren Riwle). See NED. - -=alguazier, algazier,= an ‘alguazil’, warrant-officer, serjeant. -Fletcher, Span. Curate, v. 2 (heading); Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Span. -_alguazir_ (alguazil); Port. _al-vasil_, _al-vazir_; Arab. _al-wazîr_, -‘the minister’, officer, ‘vizier’, from root _wazara_, to carry. - -=alicant, alligant,= wine from Alicante in Spain. Fletcher, The Chances, -i. 8. 10; Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown); _aligant_, A Match at -Midnight, v. 1 (Sim.). - -=a’ life,= as my life, extremely. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 3 (1 -Creditor); The Widow, i. 1 (Martino); iv. 1 (2 Suitor). - -=alkedavy,= the palace of a cadi or alcalde. Heywood, The Fair Maid, iv. -3 (Mullisheg); v. 1 (Mullisheg). From Arab. _alqâḍawî_, the (palace) of -the cadi. - -=allay,= alloy. Bacon, Essay 1, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 320. -ME. _alay_, inferior metal combined with one of greater value (P. -Plowman, B. xv. 342). Norm. F. _aley_, _alay_, from _aleier_, to -combine. L. _alligare_. - -=allect,= to allure, entice. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14, § -13; Sir T. More, Works (1557), p. 275, col. 1. Med. L. _allectare_ -(Ducange). - -=allegge,= to alleviate. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 15. See =alegge.= - -=alleggeaunce,= alleviation. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 42. OF. _alegeance_, -deriv. of _alegier_, to alleviate. L. _alleviare_, to lighten. - -=all-hid,= the game of hide and seek. Love’s Lab. L., iv. 3. 78; cf. -Hamlet, iv. 2. 32; Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 27; Tourneur, Rev. Trag., -iii. 5. 82. - -=All-holland-tide;= see =Hollandtide.= - -=alligarta,= alligator. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo); -_aligarta_, Romeo and J., v. 1. 43 (1st Q.). Span. _el lagarto_, the -lizard. - -=alloune, aloune,= let us go. Anglicized form of F. _allons_. Marston, -What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure). - -=all-to-bepowdered,= powdered all over. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, v. 2 -(Mrs. Amlet). - -=all-to ruffled,= ruffled extremely. Milton, Comus, 380. The incorrect -compound _all-to_ came into use about 1500, in place of the older idiom -which would have given the form _all to-ruffled_, with the _to-_ linked -to the verb. Here _all_, adv., meant ‘extremely’, and merely emphasized -the prefix _to-_. Spelt _all to ruffl’d_ (1645). - -=almacanter, almucantury,= a small circle of the sphere parallel to the -horizon, representing a parallel of altitude. Beaumont and Fl., Bloody -Brother, iv. 2 (la Fiske). Cp. Chaucer, Astrolabe, pt. ii, § 5. Spelt -_almacantara_, B. Jonson, Staple of News. ii. 1 (P. senior). Arab. -_al-muqanṭarât_, pl., bridges, arcs, almucanters. See Dozy, 164. - -=Almain,= a German. Othello, ii. 3. 87; a kind of dance, Peele, Arraign. -of Paris, ii. 2, 28; hence _Almain-leap_, B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. -1 (Satan); _the Almond leape_, Cotgrave (s.v. Saut). OF. _aleman_, -German (mod. _allemand_). - -=almery,= an aumbry, a cupboard. Morte Arthur, leaf 362, back, 24; bk. -xvii. c. 23; _ambry_, Stanyhurst’s Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber. p. 44. 2). -For various prov. forms of this word see EDD. (s.v. Ambry). ME. -_almery_, of mete kepyng, ‘cibutum’ (Prompt. EETS. 10). Norm. F. -_almarie_ (Moisy), Med. L. _armarium_ (Prompt. 395), deriv. of L. -_arma_, gear, tools. - -=almuten,= the prevailing or ruling planet in a nativity. ‘Almuten lord -of the geniture,’ Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret and Rusee); -‘And Mars Almuthen, or lord of the horoscope’, Massinger, City Madam, -ii. 2 (Stargaze); ‘Almuten Alchochoden’, Tomkis, Albumazar ii. 5 (end). -Error for _almutaz_ (NED.); from Arab. _al_, the, and _muʿtaz_, -prevailing, from _ʿazz_, to be powerful. - -=alonely,= solely. Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 3. 160; _all alonely_, Barnes, -Works, p. 226, col. 2; _alonely_, id. p. 227, col. 2. From _all_ and -_only_. - -=alow,= below, low down. Dryden, Cymon, 370. ‘Ship, by bearing sayl -alowe, withstandeth stormes’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 2. In use in Scotland -(EDD.). ME. _alowe_: ‘Why somme (briddes) be alowe and somme alofte’ (P. -Plowman, B. xii. 222). - -=aloyse!= _interj._, look! see! see now! ‘_Aloyse! aloyse_, how pretie -it is, is not here a good face?’ Damon and Pithias; in Hazlitt, iv. 79; -Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 91. - -=alphin, alphyn,= a bishop, in the game of chess. Caxton, Game of the -Chesse, bk. ii. ch. 3. § 1. OF. _alfin_, Span. _al-fil_; from Arab. -_al-fîl_, ‘the elephant’. Pers. _pîl_, elephant; see Dozy, Glossaire, -113, 114. - -=als,= also. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 18; ii. 1. 7. 40; iv. 7. 35. _As als_, -as also; id. iv. 4. 2. _Als_ is short for _also_, and _as_ is short for -_als_; hence _as als_ = also also. - -=alther,= of all. _Alther fyrste_, first of all; Caxton, Hist. Troye, -leaf 303. 2. See =alder.= - -=altitonant,= thundering from on high. Middleton, World Tost at Tennis -(Pallas). L. _altitonans_, with reference to Jupiter. - -=altitudes,= _in the altitudes_, in a lofty mood, full of airs. Beaumont -and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); _in his altitudes_, Vanbrugh, -The Confederacy, v. 2 (Brass). - -=alture,= altitude; said of the sun. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lv., l. 29. -Ital. _altura_, height; _alto_, high. L. _altus_, high. - -=aludel,= an alchemist’s pot, used for sublimation. B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). F. _aludel_, OF. _alutel_. Arab. _al-uthāl_, -the utensil. See NED. - -=alvarado,= the rousing of soldiers at dawn of day by the beating of the -drum or the firing of a gun; ‘so that the very alverado given sounds the -least hope of conquest’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon (Works, iii. 255); O. -Fortunatus, ii. 1 (Soldan). Port. _alvorada_, ‘aube, la pointe du jour; -(Mil.). Diane, battement de tambour, coup de canon à la pointe du jour -pour éveiller les soldats’; _alvór_, ‘la première pointe du jour’ -(Roquette). - -=amate,= to dismay, daunt, confound. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 45; ii. 1. 6 -and 2. 5; Greene, Orl. Fur. ii. 1 (488); ‘_Matter_, to quell, mate, -amate’, Cotgrave. Norm. F. _amatir_, ‘soumettre par la frayeur, -terrifier’ (Moisy). See Nares. - -=amazza,= (perhaps) slaughter. Pl. _amazza’s_; Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. -1 (Choler). From Ital. _ammazzare_, to slay (Florio). - -=amber,= to perfume with ambergris. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, iii. 2 (Zabulon). The sb. is spelt _ambre_ in B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). - -=ambidexter,= one who acts with either party, a double-dealer. -Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat); Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, -p. 503. Med. L. _ambidexter_, ‘judex qui ab utraque parte dona accipit’ -(Ducange). - -=Ambree, Mary,= an English heroine, who fought at the siege of Ghent in -1584. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady); B. Jonson, Tale of a -Tub, i. 2 (Turfe). - -=amell,= to enamel. Pp. _amell’d_; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 123. ‘I -_ammell_ as a goldesmyth dothe his worke, _Jesmaille_’, Palsgrave. ME. -_amelen_, to enamel (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1080). Anglo-F. _aymeler_ -(Rough List). See =aumayld.= - -=amenage,= to domesticate, make quite tame. Only in Spenser, F. Q. ii, -4. 11. OF. _amenagier_, _amesnagier_, to receive into a house. Deriv. of -_mesnage_, a household, whence E. _menagerie_. - -=amenaunce,= conduct, behaviour, mien. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 17; Mother -Hubberd’s Tale, 781. Deriv. of F. _amener_, to lead, conduct. - -=ames-ace,= double aces, the lowest throw with dice. All’s Well, ii. 3. -85; used as a term of contempt, _ambs-ace_, Beaumont and Fl., Queen of -Corinth, iv. 1 (Page). ME. _ambes as_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 124). Norm. F. -_ambes as_, ‘deux as, mauvaise chance’ (Moisy). See =aums-ace.= - -=amiss,= a fault, misdeed, misfortune. Hamlet, iv. 5. 18; Sonnet xxxv. -7; cli. 3; Heywood, Pt. 2, King Edward IV (Works, i. 119). - -=amite,= aunt. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 88, back, 13. L. _amita_, -father’s sister. - -=ammiral,= admiral. Milton, P. L. i. 294. OF. _amiral_; Port. _amiralh_. - -=amomus,= amomum, an odoriferous plant. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 13 -(from end). L. _amomum_; Gk. ἄμωμον. See NED. - -=amoneste,= to admonish. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216. 1; lf. 327. 17. -Anglo-F. _amonester_ (Rough List). - -=amoret,= a love-glance, a loving look. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 -(1264); scene 9. 177 (W.); p. 168, col. 2; also iv. 2 (1668); scene 12. -8 (W.); p. 173, col. 2. F. _amourette_, a love-trick (Cotgr.). - -=amort,= in phr. _all amort_, spiritless, dejected. Greene, Friar Bacon, -i. 1; Taming Shrew, iv. 3. 36; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 124. The phr. is due -to F. _à la mort_, to the death. See NED. - -=amortise,= to alienate in mortmain, to convey (property) to a -corporation. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 71. Anglo-F. _amortir_ (see -Rough List). Med. L. _admortire_, ‘concedere in manum mortuam’ -(Ducange). - -=a-mothering;= see =mothering.= - -=amphiboly,= an ambiguity, a sentence that can be construed in two -different senses. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Compass). L. -_amphibolia_; Gk. ἀμφιβολία, ambiguity. - -=amphisbæna,= a serpent fabled to have a head at each end, and hence -capable of advancing in either direction. Milton, P. L. x. 524. Gk. -ἀμφίσβαινα, a kind of serpent that can go either forwards or backwards -(Aeschylus). - -=amrell,= admiral. Skelton, How the douty Duke of Albany, 55. See -=ammiral.= - -=amuse,= to distract, bewilder, puzzle. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 6 -(Macro); ‘I am amused, I am in a quandary, gentlemen.’ Chapman, Mons. -D’Olive, ii. (D’Olive). See Dict. - -=an,= if (freq. in Shaks.); in old edds. mostly written _and_. Of very -freq. occurrence in the phrase _an it please you_, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 18; -_an if_, if, Othello, iii. 4. 83. See =and if.= - -=anadem,= a wreath, chaplet. B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers (Truth); -Drayton, The Owl, 1168. Gk. ἀνάδημα, a headband; from ἀναδέειν, to bind -up. - -=analects,= pl. scraps, gleanings. ‘No gleanings, James? No -trencher-_analects_?’ (lit. gleanings from trenchers), Cartwright, The -Ordinary, iii. 5 (Rhymewell). Gk. ἀνάλεκτα, things gathered up; from -_ἀναλέγειν_, to pick up. - -=anatomy,= a skeleton. King John, iii. 4. 25; Com. Errors, v. 1. 238; -Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 121. Cf. =atomy.= - -=anchor,= an anchorite, hermit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 229. ME. _ancre_, a -hermit (P. Plowman, C. i. 30; ix. 146). OE. _ancra_ (Ælfric), shortened -from Eccles. L. _anachoreta_ (Ducange); Gk. ἀναχορητής, one who -withdraws, retires (from the world). - -=ancient,= an ‘ensign’, standard, or flag. Hence, _ancient-bearer_, a -standard-bearer, an ‘ensign’; ‘_alférez_, an ancient-bearer, signifer’, -Percivall, Span. Dict.; ‘office or charge, as captaine . . . sergeant, -ancient-bearer’, Act 3, Jas. I (NED.); Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 2 -(Shadow); also _ancient_ (alone), ‘Welcome, Ancient Pistol!’ 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 120; Othello, i. 1. 33. A corrupt form of _ensign_. Anglo-F. -_enseigne_, a standard (Rough List). - -=ancome,= a boil, a foul swelling. Eastward Ho! iii. 2 (Mrs. T.). -‘_Vijt_, an ancombe, or a sore upon one’s finger’, Hexham. _Ancome_ is a -north-country word (EDD.). ME. _oncome_; used of the plagues of Egypt -(Cursor M., 5927). Cp. Icel. _ákoma_, arrival, visitation; eruption on -the skin. - -=and if= (a redundant expression, both particles having the same -meaning). ‘But and yf that evyll servaunt shall saye in his herte,’ -Tyndal, Matt. xxiv. 48 (cp. A. V.); Two Gent. iii. 1. 257; All’s Well, -ii. 1. 74. See =an.= - -=andveld,= an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, back, 16. ME. -_anefeld_ (Wyclif, Job xli. 15), OE. _anfilte_ (Sweet). - -=anele,= to anoint with holy oil. ‘I aneele a sicke man, I anoynte hym -with holy oyle’; and ‘I aneele a sicke man . . . j’enhuylle’, Palsgrave. -Hence =unaneled,= q.v. ME. _anelen_ (R. Brunne, Handl. Synne, 11269). -Deriv. of OE. _ele_, oil, L. _oleum_. - -=an-end,= on end. Hamlet, i. 5. 19; _still an-end_, continually, Two -Gent. iv. 4. 68. _An-end_ in the sense of ‘without stop or intermission’ -is in prov. use in various parts of England from Durham to Cornwall, see -EDD. (s.v. On-end, 3). - -=anenst,= side by side with, beside, opposite, in view of; ‘And right -anenst him’, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). See EDD. (s.v. -Anent). ME. _anentis_, with, in view of; ‘Anentis men this thing is -impossible, but anentis God alle thingis ben possible’ (Wyclif, Matt. -xix. 26); _anent_ ‘juxta’ (Barbour’s Bruce, viii. 124). OE. _on efen_, -on even (ground) with. - -=angel,= applied to a bird. ‘An _angel_ of the air’, Two Noble Kinsmen, -i. 1. 16; ‘Roman angel’, the eagle, Massinger, ii. 2 (Harpax). - -=angel,= a gold coin worth 10_s._ Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 56. Very common, -and often used in quibbles. - -=angelot,= a small rich cheese, made in Normandy. Davenant, The Wits, -iv. 1 (Y. Pallantine). Said to be so called from being stamped with the -coin called an _angelot_, a piece struck by Louis XI (so Littré). F. -_angelot_, the cheese called an angelot (Cotgr.). - -=angler,= a term used of a thief who fished for plunder, through an open -window, with a rod, line, and hook. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Moll). - -=another-gates,= of a different kind. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. -428; Lyly, Mother Bombie, A. i (Nares). From _gate_, a way; lit. ‘of -another way’. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.). - -=another-guess,= of a different kind. ‘This is another-guess sort’, -Foote, The Orators, A. iii (O’Drogheda). Howell has the intermediate -form _another-gets_ in his Famil. Letters, vol. i. sect. 4. letter 9 -(Feb. 5, 1635). Corruption of the form above. In prov. use in -Gloucestershire (EDD.). - -=anslaight,= an onslaught. Fletcher, M. Thomas, ii. 2 _or_ ii. 3 -(Sebastian). Some read _onslaught_; see NED. - -=anthropophagi,= pl. man-eaters, cannibals. Othello, i. 3. 144; Greene, -Orl. Fur. i. 1. 111 (Orlando, p. 90, col. 2). L. pl. of -_anthropophagus_, Gk. ἀνθρωποφάγος, man-eating; from ἄνθρωπος, a man, -φαγεῖν, to eat. - -=antick,= a grotesque pageant or theatrical representation. Ford, Love’s -Sacrifice, iii. 2 (Fernando); Love’s Lab. L., v. 1. 119. - -=antick,= a burlesque performer, buffoon, merry-andrew. Richard II, iii. -2. 162; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 51. Ital. _antico_, grotesque. L. -_antiquus_, antique. For the development of the meaning of the Ital. -_antico_ from ‘antique’ to ‘grotesque’, see the full account in NED. - -=antimasque,= a burlesque interlude between the acts of a masque. The -prefix is uncertain; perhaps for L. _ante_, before (NED.). But B. Jonson -has the form _antick-masque_, Masque of Augurs (Noteh). Bacon has -_anti-masque_, Essay 37; cf. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 2 (Lorenzo). - -=antiperistasis,= a contrast of circumstances; opposition. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Mercury). Gk. ἀντιπερίστασις, -reciprocal replacement of two substances. - -=antlier,= an antler, tine of a stag’s horn. ‘The first _antlier_, which -Phoebus calleth and termeth _antoiller_’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21, p. -53. The lowest tine was _the burre_, growing out of _the pearles_; the -second tine, the _antlier_; the third, the _surantlier_; the next, -_royal_ and _surroyal_; and those at the top, _croches_ (more correctly -spelt _troches_ at p. 137); see Turbervile (as above), p. 54. ‘The thing -that beareth the antliers, royals, and tops [or troches] ought to be -called _the beame_, and the little clyffes or streakes therein are -called _gutters_’; id. p. 53. OF. _antoillier_ (F. _andouiller_). - -=antre,= a cave. Othello, i. 3. 140. F. _antre_, L. _antrum_, Gk. -ἄντρον. - -=aourne,= to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 223, back, 17; lf. 253, -back, 15. Anglo-F. _aourner_ (_adourner_), to adorn (Gower). - -=apaid, appaid,= satisfied. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 381 (Guenthian); -Chapman, Iliad, v. 143; Milton, P. L. xii. 401; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. -28; v. 11. 64; Shep. Kal., Aug., 6. ME. _apayed_, satisfied (Wyclif, -Luke iii. 14); pp. of _apayen_. Norm. F. _apaier_ (Moisy); deriv. of -_paier_, L. _pacare_, to pacify. - -=apayre,= to impair, injure. Morte Arthur, leaf 51, back, 12; bk. iii. -c. 3. ME. _apeyryn_, to make worse (Prompt. EETS. 21). OF. _empeirer_, -deriv. of L. _peiorare_, from _peior_, worse. See =appair.= - -=apeche, appeche,= to ‘impeach’, charge with a crime. Morte Arthur, leaf -212, back, 23; bk. x. c. 7; ‘I apeche, I accuse’, Palsgrave. ME. -_apechyn_, ‘appellare’ (Prompt. EETS. 13). Anglo-F. _empescher_ (Rough -List). Late L. _impedicare_, to hinder, catch by a fetter (Ducange). See -=appeach.= - -=A-per-se,= A by itself; a type of excellence, because A begins the -alphabet. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Lazarillo); Mirror -for Mag., Warwicke, st. 1. - -=apostata,= apostate. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 3 (Theoph.); v. 2 -(Artemia). The usual old form. - -=apostle spoons,= silver spoons, the handle of each terminating in the -figure of an apostle; usually given by sponsors at christenings. B. -Jonson, Barthol. Fair, Act i (Quarlous); Fletcher, Noble Gentlemen, v. 2 -(Longueville). - -=appair, apaire,= to impair, damage. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. -7, § last; Skelton, Against Garnesche, i. 19. Also intrans.; ‘I appayre -or waxe worse’, Palsgrave. See =apayre.= - -=appeach,= to ‘impeach’, accuse, censure. Richard II, v. 2. 79; Spenser, -F. Q. v. 9. 47. See =apeche.= - -=apperil,= peril, risk. Timon, i. 2. 32; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 3 -(Sledge); Magnetic Lady, v. 6 (Ironside). - -=appertise,= dexterity, a feat of dexterity. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -122, back, 4; lf. 303, back, 29. OF. _appertise_, ‘industrie, dextérité, -tour d’adresse’; Histoire de Charles VII: ‘Fist de belles vaillances et -appertises d’armes contre les Anglois’, see Didot, Glossaire; _appert_, -‘adroit industrieux, habile en sa profession’ (id.). Cp. O. Prov. -_espert_, ‘adroit, habile’ (Levy). L. _expertus_. - -=apple-John,= or _John-apple_, an apple said to keep for two years, and -in perfection when shrivelled. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 5; Dekker, Old -Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow). Ripe about St. John’s day (June 24). -Purposely confused with _apple-squire_, a pander, B. Jonson, Barth. -Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). - -=apple-squire,= a pander. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 8 (Kiteley); -Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, Meg’s Song. - -=apposal,= a posing question. Skelton has _apposelle_, Garl. of Laurell, -141. From _appose_, v. - -=appose,= to ‘pose’, to ask a difficult question. Udall, Roister -Doister, i. 1. 14; Short Catechism, Edw. VI, 495 (NED.). ME. _appose_, -_apose_ (P. Plowman, C. ii. 45). Cp. to question (Chaucer, C. T. G. -363), Prompt. 13: ‘_Aposen_ or _oposyn_, opponere’. F. _aposer_ (for -_opposer_), to make a trial of a person’s learning; see Palsgrave (s.v. -Oppose). - -=appropinque,= to approach. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. 590. L. -_appropinquare_. - -=approve,= to prove, demonstrate to be true; to corroborate, confirm. -Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 79; All’s Well, iii. 7. 13; to put to the proof, -test, as in _approved_, tested, tried, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 54. - -=apricock,= an apricot. Richard II, iii. 4. 29; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. -1. 291. ‘_Abricot_, the abricot or apricock plumb’, Cotgrave. _Apricock_ -is in common prov. use in various parts of England from the north -country to Somerset; _abricock_ is the usual form in West Somerset -(EDD.). Port. _albricoque_. - -=aqueity,= watery quality. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). - -=arace, arasche,= to tear, tear away. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 256, -back, 14; lf. 319. 1. ‘I _arace_, I pull a thyng by violence from one’, -Palsgrave. ME. _arace_, to uproot (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 954). OF. -_esrachier_; L. _exradicare_, to tear up by the roots. - -=arber, erber,= the whole ‘pluck’ of a slain animal. _To make the -erbere_, to take out the ‘pluck’, the first stage in disembowelling, -Boke of St. Albans, fol. iij.; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 (Hubert); -spelt _arbor_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). F. _herbier_, ‘le -premier ventricule du bœuf et des autres animaux qui ruminent’, Dict. de -l’Acad. (1762). - -=arblast,= a cross-bow used for the discharge of arrows, bolts, stones, -&c., Caxton, Chron. Eng. xxviii. 23 (NED.). ME. _arblaste_ (Rob. Glouc., -ed. 1810, 377). Anglo-F. _arbeleste_, Late L. _arcubalista_, a bow for -throwing missiles. - -=arblaster,= a cross-bowman, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 144, back, 20; -lf. 284, back, 30. ME. _arblaster_ (K. Alisaunder, ed. Weber, 2613). -Anglo-F. _arblaster_, Med. L. _arcubalistarius_ (Ducange). - -=arcted,= pp. closely allied. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 336. L. -_arctare_, to draw close; from _arctus_, confined. See =art= (to -constrain). - -=arecte,= to assign, attribute, impute. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 95. The -form used by Lydgate for _arette_. Med. L. _arrectare_, to accuse -(Ducange), due to association with _rectum_. See =arette.= - -=areed,= to counsel, advise. Milton, P. L. iv. 962; Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, viii. 85; to explain, recount, Drayton, vi. 87. ME. _arede_, to -explain, counsel (Chaucer). OE. _ārǣdan_, to explain. - -=areed,= advice. Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Little John); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 116. - -=arette,= to count, reckon. Morte Arthur, Caxton’s Pref., leaf. 1, back. -(_Aret_, _arret_, misused in Spenser in the sense of ‘to entrust, -allot’; F. Q. ii. 8. 8; iii. 8. 7.) ME. _aretten_, to count, reckon -(Wyclif, Luke xxii. 37). Anglo-F. _aretter_, to lay to one’s charge -(Rough List); cp. Span. _retar_, to accuse. O. Prov. _reptar_, ‘blâmer, -accuser’ (Levy). L. _reputare_, to count, reckon. - -=arew,= in a row. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 29. Chapman, tr. Iliad, vi. 259; -Odyssey, viii. 679. _Rew_ is a prov. form of the word ‘row’ (EDD.). ME. -_a-rew_, ‘seriatim’ (Prompt. EETS. 15); _a-rewe_, in succession -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 1254). OE. _rǣw_, a row. See =rew.= - -=argaile,= argol; i.e. tartar deposited from wine and adhering to the -side of a cask. B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). ME. _argoile_, -crude tartar (Chaucer, C. T. G. 813). Anglo-F. _argoil_ (Rough List). - -=argal,= therefore. Hamlet, v. 1. 21. A clown’s substitution for L. -_ergo_, therefore. - -=argent,= silver; hence, money. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 (Roister). -F. _argent_. L. _argentum_, silver. - -=argent vive,= quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon). Cp. F. -_vif-argent_, quick-silver (Cotgr.). - -=Argier, Argièr,= Algier, Algiers. _Argier_, Temp. i. 2. 261; _Argiers_, -Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Beauf. sen.). - -=argin,= an embankment in front of a fort, glacis. Marlowe, 2 -Tamburlaine, iii. 2. 85; 3. 23. Ital. _argine_, ‘a banke’ (Florio). See -Ducange (s.v. Arger (‘agger’) and Arginerius). - -=argolet,= a light-armed horse-soldier. Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2. -2; iv. 1 (Abdelmelec). F. _argolet_ (Cotgr.); _argoulet_, Essais de -Montaigne I. xxv (ed. 1870, p. 68): ‘Les _argoulets_ étaient des -arquebuisiers à cheval; et comme ils n’étaient pas considérables en -comparaison des autres cavaliers on a dit un _argoulet_ pour un homme de -néant’ (Ménage). - -=argolettier,= a light-armed horse-soldier. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. -i. ch. 25: ‘_Guidone_, a banner or cornet for horsemen that be shot, or -Argolettiers’, Florio, Ital. Dict. See NED. - -=argosy,= a merchant-vessel. Twice used as if it were _plural_; Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, i. 1. The original sense was ‘a ship of Ragusa’, the name -of a port in Dalmatia, on the Adriatic. Ragusa appears in 16th-cent. -English as _Aragouse_, _Arragosa_ (NED.). - -=argument,= subject, topic, theme. Much Ado, i. 1. 266; 1 Hen. IV, ii. -2. 104; ii. 4. 314. So L. _argumentum_ (Quintilian). - -=arietation,= an attack with a battering-ram. Bacon, Essay 58, § 8. L. -_ariēs_, a ram. - -=armado,= an army. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 14. Span. _armada_. Med. -L. _armata_, army (Ducange); cp. F. _armée_. - -=armiger,= an esquire. Purposely altered to _armigero_ in Merry Wives, -i. 1. 10. L. _armiger_, one who bears arms, in Med. L. an esquire. - -=armine,= a beggar, a poor wretch. London Prodigal, v. 1. 174. Coined -from Du. _arm_, poor; and put into the mouth of a supposed Dutchwoman. - -=armipotent,= powerful in arms. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 545; iii. 293. L. -_armipotens_, powerful in arms. - -=arms:= phr. _to give arms_, to have the right to bear arms, in the -heraldic sense. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). - -=aroint thee!,= begone!, out of the way!, make room!, ‘aroint thee, -witch!’ King Lear, iii. 4. 127; Macbeth, i. 3. 6. ‘A lady well -acquainted with the dialect of Cheshire informed me that the word is -still in use there. For example, if the cow presses too close to the -maid who is milking her, she will give the animal a push, saying at the -same time, _’Roynt thee!_ by which she means, stand off’ (Nares). -_Roint_ is used in this sense in the north country: Yorks., Lancs., and -Cheshire (EDD.). OE. _rȳm ðū, gerȳm ðū_, make thou room, cp. _rȳm þysum -men setl_, give this man place (Luke xiv. 9); _rȳman_, to make room, -deriv. of _rūm_, wide, roomy. See Dict. - -=arpine, arpent,= a French acre. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1 (near -the end). F. _arpent_. - -=arraign,= to arrange, place. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Suffolk), ed. Dyce, -p. 187: ‘See them arraign’d, I will set forward straight’, Webster (Wks. -ii. 261). See Halliwell. - -=arras-powder,= orris-powder. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. -Dyce, p. 41. So also _arras_, orris; Duchess of Malfi, iii. 2 (Duchess). -See Halliwell (s.v. Arras (2)). - -=arraught,= _pt. t._, seized forcibly, with violence. Spenser, F. Q. ii. -10. 34. ME. _arahte_, pt. t. of _arachen_, to obtain, attain (Gower, C. -A. i. 3207). OE. _ārǣcan_, to attain. - -=arre,= to snarl as a dog. ‘They _arre_ and bark’, Nash, Summer’s Last -Will (Autumn), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 44; ‘a dog snarling _er_’, B. -Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1. 691 (Subtle). - -=arrearages,= arrears. Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria); Cymb. ii. 4. -13. OF. _arerage_; from _arere_, behind. - -=arrect,= to direct upwards, to raise. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 55; to -set upright, ‘I arecte . . . or set up a thyng; _Je metz sus . . . je -metz debout_’, Palsgrave. From L. _arrect-_, pp. stem of _arrigere_, to -raise up. - -=arride,= to please, gratify. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, ii. -1 (Fastidious); Marmion, The Antiquary, ii. 1 (Mocinigo). L. _arridere_, -to smile upon. - -=arrouse,= to bedew, moisten. Spelt _arowze_, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. -103; _arrowsid_, pp., Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 249, back, l. 24. -Norm. F. _ar_(_r_)_ouser_, ‘arroser’ (Moisy). O. Prov. _arozar_ (Levy). -Romanic type *_arrosare_, L. _ad_ + _rorare_, fr. _ros_, dew. - -=arsedine,= a gold-coloured alloy of copper and zinc, rolled into thin -leaf, and used to ornament toys. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Trash). -Of unknown origin. - -=arsee-versee,= _adv._, backside foremost, contrary-wise, conversely. -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 13; Diogenes, § 45; ‘fighting -arsie-versie’, Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 827; ‘_Cul sur pointe_, -topsie-turvy, arsie-varsie’, Cotgrave. In common prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Arsy-versy). - -=arsmetrike,= arithmetic. Fabyan, vii. 604 (NED.). ME. _arsmetrike_ -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 2222); _arsmetique_ (Gower, C. A. vii. 149). OF. -_arismetique_, Med. L. _arismetica_ for L. _arithmetica_, Gk. ἡ -ἀριθμητική (τέχνη). The form _arsmetrike_ is due to popular etymology, -which associated the word with L. _ars metrica_, ‘the art of measure’. -See NED. (s.v. Arithmetic). - -=arsmetry,= a corruption of _arsmetrick_, by form-association with -_geometry_. Greene, A Looking-glass, iii. 2 (1161); p. 132, col. 1. - -=arson,= saddle-bow. ‘The arson of his sadel’, Morte Arthur, leaf 339, -back, 22; bk. xvi. c. 10. F. _arçon_. - -=art,= to constrain. Court of Love, l. 46. ‘I _arte_, I constrayne’, -Palsgrave. L. _artare_, to confine. See =arcted.= - -=artier,= an artery. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 (Physician). F. -_artere_, ‘an artery’ (Cotgr.). L. _arteria_, Gk. ἀρτηρία. - -=artillery,= missile weapons. ‘_Artillarie_ now a dayes is taken for ii. -thinges, Gunnes and Bowes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 65; Bacon, Essay 29, -§ 3; Fairfax, Tasso xvii. 49; BIBLE, 1 Sam. xx. 40 (AV.). Norm. F. -_artillerie_, ‘armes de jet et de trait, non à feu; comme arbalètes, -flèches, lances, etc.’ (Moisy). - -=askaunces,= as if, as much as to say. Gascoigne, Dan Bartholomew; ed. -Hazlitt, i. 113, l. 4; i. 136, l. 16. So in Chaucer, C. T. G. 838. Cp. -OF. _quanses_, as if (Godefroy). See Romania, xviii. 152; Cliges (ed. -Förster, l. 4553, note). The M. Dutch _quansijs_ (as if saying, as much -as to say) in Reinaert, 2569 (ed. Martin, p. 78) is probably the same -word as the OF. _quanses_. The Chaucerian use of _ascaunces_ in Tr. and -Cr. i. 205, 292 is precisely the same as that of _als quansijs_ in -Reinaert. - -=aspect,= (_aspéct_), the peculiar position and influence of a planet. -King Lear, ii. 2. 112. Common. ME. _aspect_, the angular distance -between two planets (Chaucer). - -=asper,= a Turkish coin worth about two farthings or less. Fletcher, -Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Jamie). F. _aspre_. Byzantine Gk. ἄσπρον, white -money, from ἄσπρος, white. - -=asprely,= fiercely. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 17. § 8. OF. -_aspre_; L. _asper_, fierce. - -=assalto,= assault. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 (Bobadil). Ital. -_assalto_. - -=assassinate,= an assassin, murderer. Dryden, Span. Friar, iv. 1 -(Dominic); Don Sebastian, v. 1 (Almeyda). - -=assay,= proof, trial; attempt; attack. Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; ii. 2. 71; -iii. 3. 69. _At all assays_, in every trial or juncture, in any case, on -every occasion, always, Drayton, Harmony of the Church, Ecclus. xxxvi. -st. 6; ‘At all assayes, _en tous poynts_’, Palsgrave. ME. _assay_, trial -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 290). Anglo-F. _assai_ (Gower). - -=assinego,= a donkey, a dolt. Also _asinego_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, v. 4 (Welford); _asinigo_, Marmion, Antiquary, v. 1 (Ant.). Spelt -_asinico_ in ed. 1606; Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 49; Span. _asnico_, ‘a little -asse’ (Minsheu), deriv. of _asno_, an ass, L. _asinus_, ass. - -=assistant,= used by Fletcher for Span. _asistente_, the chief officer -of justice at Seville. Span. Curate, iii. 1. 15. - -=assoil,= to set free, to dispel. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 58; iv. 5. 30. -A peculiar use of _assoil_, to absolve. ME. _assoilen_, to absolve, -pardon, discharge (Chaucer). Anglo-F. _assoiler_, to pardon (Rough -List); _-soiler_ is formed from the present stem _soille_ of the verb -_soldre_, Romanic type _sol’re_, L. _solvere_, to loosen. - -=assoil,= used for _soil_, to sully, taint. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, -iii. 1 (Euphanes). [NED. quotes a modern instance, from D’Israeli.] - -=assot,= to befool, make a fool of. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 8; iii. 8. -22; _assot_, pp. infatuated, Shep. Kal., March, 25. Anglo-F. _assoter_, -to make a fool of, deriv. of _sot_, a fool (Gower). Med. L. _sottus_, -‘stolidus, bardus, simplex’ . . . ‘hinc Carolus Sottus, qui vulgo -“Simplex”’ (Ducange). - -=assurd,= to burst forth. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 302. OF. -_assordre_, _essordre_, L. _exsurgere_. - -=assured,= affianced. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 145; King John, ii. 535. - -=astart,= to start up. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 29. - -=astarte,= to escape. Turbervile, Hunting, 138. ME. _asterte_, to escape -(Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1802). - -=astert,= to come suddenly upon, happen suddenly to. Spenser, Shep. -Kal., Nov., 187. ME. _asterte_, to happen, befall (Gower, C. A. i. 722; -v. 707). - -=astone,= to astound, confound. Peele, Sir Clyomon; ed. Dyce, p. 526. -ME. _aston-en_ (Chaucer); OF. _estoner_; Pop. Lat. _extonare_, for L. -_attonare_, to stun, stupefy as by thunder, _tonare_, to thunder. - -=astonied,= astonished, astounded. BIBLE, AV.: Job xvii. 8; Jer. xiv. 9; -North’s Plutarch, M. Antonius (ed. Skeat, p. 204); stunned, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., July, 227; spelt _astoynde_, astounded, Sackville Mirrour, -Induct. 29. ME. _astonie_, to amaze (Chaucer, H. Fame, iii. 1174). See -=stoin.= - -=astracism,= an astracism, or collection of stars. ‘The threefold -astracism’, Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. Possibly a deriv. of Med. L. -_astracum_ ‘pavimentum domus’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. _astracco_, a fretted -ceiling (Florio). - -=at-after,= after. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 22; Richard III, iv. 3. 31. -In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Shropshire -(EDD.). ME. _at after_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1445). - -=at all!= a gamester’s exclamation, when he challenges all present. ‘Cry -at all!’, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2. 4; ‘have at all!’, Skelton, -Bowge of Courte, 391. - -=atchievement,= ‘achievement’, an ensign memorial granted in memory of -some achievement or distinguished feat. Milton, Tetrachordon (Trench, -Sel. Gl.); Dryden, Palamon, iii. 344, 932. - -=athanor,= an alchemist’s furnace. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). -Arab. _attannūr_; _al_, the, _tannūr_, furnace. - -=atomy,= an atom. As You Like It, iii. 2. 245; a tiny being, id. iii. 5. -13. - -=atomy,= an emaciated person, a walking skeleton. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 33 -(Qu. 1597). For _anatomy_ (a skeleton), the _an-_ being taken for the -indef. article. - -=atone,= to set two persons ‘at one’. ‘Since we cannot atone you’, -Richard III, i. 1. 202; to agree, Coriolanus, iv. 6. 72. - -=atonement,= reconciliation. Richard III, i. 3. 36; Beaumont and Fl., -Bloody Brother, i. 1 (Rolls). - -=attaint,= to hit, strike, wound. ‘His attainted thigh’, Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xi. 572; _attaint_, pp. stricken, Sackville, Induction, st. 15. -‘I _atteynt_, I hyt or touche a thyng, _Iattayngs_’, Palsgrave. - -=attame,= to commence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 19, 12; lf. 71, back, -28. OF. _atamer_; L. _attaminare_, to lay hands on. Cp. O. Prov. -_entamenar_. ‘entamer’ (Levy). See Hatzfeld (s.v. Entamer). - -=atte,= for _at the_; _atte last_, at the last; _atte castel_, at the -castle; Morte Arthur (see Glossary); _atten ale_ (_at nale_), at the -ale-house; Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 387. ME. _atte_, at the (Chaucer); -_atte nale_, at the ale-house (P. Plowman, c. viii. 19). - -=attend,= attendance. Greene, A Looking-glass, i. 1. 8. - -=attent,= attentive, attentively. Milton, P. R. i. 385; Dryden, Wife of -Bath, 310. - -=attentate,= a criminal attempt or assault. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, -p. 86. F. _attentat_, ‘tentative criminelle’ (Hatzfeld). - -=atteynt,= an ‘attaint’, a wound on a horse’s foot due to a blow or -injury; either from overstepping, or from being trodden on by another -horse. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 113; Topsell, Four-footed Beasts, 313 -(NED.). - -=attonce,= at once. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 2 (Paris); iv. 1 (Paris). - -=attract,= an attractive quality, charm. ‘The Soule . . . glides after -these attracts’, Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 117). Late L. -_attractus_, attraction. - -=attrapt,= ‘trapped’, furnished with ‘trappings’; said of a horse. -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 39. - -=attrite,= worn by friction. Milton, P. L. x. 1073. L. _attritus_. - -=atwite,= to reproach, upbraid, twit. Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 85; spelt _attwite_, Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iii. 25. -OE. _æt_, prep., and _wītan_, to blame. The mod. E. _twit_ is a -shortened form of _atwite_. - -=auberge,= a lodging, a term technically applied to a reception-house -provided by the Knights Hospitallers, hence, to their fraternity. -Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 3 (Mountferrat). F. _auberge_, O. -Prov. _alberga_. Cp. Med. L. _albergia_, ‘apud Milites Hospital. S. -Joan. Hieros. vocantur domus, in quibus Fratres Ordinis per nationes una -comedunt et congregantur. Statuta ejusd. Ordin. tit. 19 § 3’ (Ducange). - -=aubifane,= the corn blue-bottle, _Centaurea cyanus_. Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, c. 14, p. 158. F. _aubifoin_, the weed Blew-bottle (Cotgr.). - -=auke,= backward, contrary to the usual way, from left to right. ‘With -an auke stroke’, Morte Arthur, leaf 156, back; bk. viii. c. 25 (end); -‘Ringing as awk as the bells, to give notice of the conflagration’, -Lestrange, Fables (NED.). In E. Anglia bells are said to be ‘rung awk’ -when they are rung backward or contrary to the usual way, to give alarm -of fire (EDD.). The word is found in many German dialects: Kurhessen, -_afk_ perverse (Vilmar). See =awk.= - -=auke,= untoward, froward. Tusser, Husbandry, § 62. 13. - -=aukly,= inauspiciously; said of the flight of birds. Golding, Metam. v. -147; fol. 57, back. - -=aulf,= elf, goblin. Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 10. See =ouphe.= - -=aumayld,= enamelled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 57. Deriv. of OF. _amail_, -for _esmail_, enamel. See =amell.= - -=aums-ace,= double aces; given as the name of a card-game. Interlude of -Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 35. See =ames-ace.= - -=aunt,= a cant term for a bawd or procuress. Middleton, A Trick to -Catch, ii. 1 (first speech); Michaelmas Term, ii. 3 (Thomasine). - -=aunters:= in phr. _in aunters_, in case, in case that, if. ‘In aunters -the Englishmen shoulde sturre’, Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 57. -_Aunters_ (without _in_) was used in the same sense, and represented an -adverbial form founded on _aunter_, a contraction of _aventure_ (Mod. E. -_adventure_); see _Aunters_ in NED. Cp. the Yorkshire word _anters_: ‘We -must have it ready, anters they come’ (i.e. in case they come); see EDD. -(s.v. Aunters, 2). - -=autem mort,= a married woman (Cant). ‘_Autem-mortes_ be maried wemen’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 67. He adds ‘for Autem in their [slang] language is a -Churche; so she is a wyfe maried at the Church’. Spelt _autumn mort_, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Randal). - -=avails,= profits, proceeds, ‘vails’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -94). - -=avale, avail,= to sink, descend, droop; also, to lower, let down. To -sink, Spenser. F. Q. i. 1. 21; iii. 2. 29; to descend, ii. 9. 10; iv. 3. -46; to droop, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8; to lower, let down, F. Q. iv. 10. 19; -Shep. Kal., Jan., 73. Anglo-F. _avaler_, to lower, bring down, swallow, -deriv. of _aval_, down, lit. to the valley (Gower), L. _ad vallem_. - -=avaunce,= to advance, promote, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 71. ME. -_avaunce_, to promote (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2022). Anglo-F. _avancer_ -(Gower). - -=avaunt,= to ‘vaunt’, boast. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6. ME. _avaunten_ -(Chaucer). Anglo-F. _s’avanter_, to boast; _avantance_, _avanterie_, -boasting (Gower). - -=Ave-Mary bell,= a bell rung daily (once or twice) to direct the recital -of an Ave-Maria, or prayer to the Virgin. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, -pt. 1. § 3. - -=avenant,= suitable; _after the avenant_, in proportion, Caxton, Hist. -Troye, leaf 149. 30; _at avenant_, in proportion, id. lf. 225. 4. ‘Fayre -and avenant’, fair and graceful, id. lf. 256. 4. ME. _avenaunt_, -graceful, comely (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1263). Anglo-F. _avenant_, -suitable, agreeable (Gower), pres. pt. of _avenir_, to be suitable -(id.). - -=avente him,= to refresh himself with air. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -298. 2. ME. _aventen_, to open the helmet to admit the cool air, to -refresh with cool air (Merlin, xx. 335). Anglo-F. _aventer_; cp. OF. -_esventer_ (mod. _éventer_), Med. L. _eventare_ (Ducange), L. _ex_ + -_ventus_, wind. - -†=aventre= (?). ‘[She] aventred her spear’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28; -‘[He] aventred his spear’, iv. 3. 9; ‘aventring his lance’, iv. 6. 11. -The phrase ‘they aventred their speres’ occurs in King Arthur (ed. -Copland); see NED. Can this word be an error for _aveutre_? _Aveutre_ = -_afeutre_ = OF. _afeutrer_, to lay a spear in rest in the _feutre_, the -felt-lined socket for a lance or spear attached to the saddle of a -knight. Spenser has the verb _fewter_ equivalent in meaning to -_afeutrer_ in F. Q. iv. 6. 10: ‘He his threatfull speare Gan fewter’. -See NED. (s.v. Fewter). - -=aventure,= in phr. _at aventure_, at adventure, at hazard, at random. -BIBLE, 1 Kings xxii. 34 (improperly printed _at a venture_); ‘Certayn -. . . rode forthe at adventure’, Berners, Froissart, I. cxcii. ME. -_aventure_, chance, peril (Gower). Anglo-F. _aventure_, chance, danger, -uncertainty: _par aventure_ (Gower, Mirour, 1239). - -=averruncate,= to avert, ward off. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i, c. 1. 758. -L. _auerruncare_, to avert. Often explained in the 17th cent. by ‘to -weed out’, or ‘to root up’, but Butler uses the word correctly. See NED. - -=aversation,= aversion. Bacon, Essay 27. - -=avile,= to hold cheap, think little of. B. Jonson, Prince Henry’s -Barriers (Lady). Anglo-F. _aviler_, to debase (Gower). - -=avise,= to see, observe; to think; _refl._ to bethink. Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 1. 31; iv. 2. 22; iii. 12. 10; _refl._ ii. 6. 46; iii. 3. 6. _To be -avised of_, to be well informed about, Merry Wives, i. 4. 106; Meas. ii. -2. 132. ME. _avise_, refl. to consider (Chaucer, C. T. B. 664). Anglo-F. -_s’aviser_, to take thought (Gower). - -=avisefull,= observant. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 26. - -=avision,= a dream, vision. Douglas, Aeneid, iii. 1. 69. ME. _avisioun_ -(Lydgate, Temple of Glas, 1374). Anglo-F. _avisioun_ (Gower). - -=aviso,= advice, intelligence, piece of information. B. Jonson, Magn. -Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Habington, Castara, ed. Arber, p. 102. Span. -_aviso_, information. - -=avouch,= to maintain, make good. Mids. Night’s D., i. 1. 106; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 10. 12. Hence _avouch_, assurance, Hamlet, i. 1. 37. - -=avoure,= acknowledgement, avowal. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 48. OF. -_avouer_, an avowal, prop. infin., to avow. - -=avoutry,= adultery. Paston, Letters, no. 883; vol. iii, p. 317; -Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 175. ME. _avouterye_ (Chaucer). -Anglo-F. _avoulterie_ (Gower). - -=avowre,= to vow, devote. Only in Phaer, Aeneid, viii. 85, Latin text (M -iiij, l. 6). See NED. - -=awaite:= _in await_ (_awate_), in ambush. Fairfax, tr. Tasso, v. 18. -Anglo-F. _en await_ (_agwait_, _agueit_, _agait_), in ambush, lying in -wait (Rough List, s.v. Await). - -=awaite:= in phr. _to have good awaite_, to take good care. Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 5, § 10. - -=a-wallop,= in a boiling state, boiling quickly. Golding, Metam. vii. -263; fol. 82 (1603). Cp. the prov. word _wallop_, ‘to boil violently -with a bubbling sound’, in common use in Scotland and in various parts -of England. See EDD. (s.v. Wallop, vb.^{2}). - -=awbe,= a bull-finch. Gascoigne, Philomene, l. 35. ME. _alpe_, -‘ficedula’ (Prompt.). See =nope.= - -=awful,= profoundly reverential. Richard II, iii. 3. 76; Dryden, -Britannia, 106. - -=awhape,= to amaze, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 5; v. 11. 32. ME. -_awhapen_ (Chaucer). - -=awk,= reversed; _the awk end_, the wrong end, the other end. Golding, -Metam. xiv. 300 (L. ‘conversae verbere virgae’); fol. 170, back (1603). -See =auke.= - -=awkward,= untoward, unfavourable, adverse. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 83; -Marlowe, Edw. II, iv. 6. 34. - -=axtree,= axle-tree. Drayton, Pol. i. 498. Still in prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Ax, sb.^{1} 3). OE. _œx-trēo_. - -=aygulets,= an aglet, metal tag. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25. A doublet of -_aglet_. Spenser seems to speak here of the bright metal tops or tags of -lace, which he likens to stars; as in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 4. 2. F. -_aiguillette_, a point (Cotgr.), dimin. of _aiguille_, a needle. - -=ayle,= a grandfather. ‘_Ayle_, _Pere_, and _Fitz_, grandfather, father, -and son’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i (Jerry). ME. _ayel_, grandfather -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2477). Norm. F. _aiel_ (Moisy). - -=azoch,= ‘azoth’, the alchemist’s name for quicksilver. B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt _assogue_. F. _assogue_; Span. -_azogue_, quicksilver; Arab. _az-zāūq_; _zāūq_ is adapted from Pers. -_zhīwah_ (_jīvah_), quicksilver. See NED., Ducange, and Dozy, Glossaire -(s.v. Azogue). - - - - - B - - -=babion,= baboon. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus); Drayton, -Man in the Moon, 331; spelt _babyone_ Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124, l. 163. -F. ‘_babion_, a babion or baboone’ (Cotgr.). - -=bable,= a ‘bauble’, a toy, trick, fancy. ‘Has fill’d my head So full of -_bables_’ (some edd. _baubles_), Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. -4. 7; ‘That _bable_ called love’, Lyly, Endimion, iii. 3 (Epi.). OF. -_babel_, _baubel_, a child’s plaything (Godefroy); _beau_ + _bel_, cp. -F. _bonbon_. - -=bace,= (Spenser); see =base.= - -=bacharach, backrack,= the name of a wine. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 -(Vandunke); _Bacrack_, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 300. From _Bacharach_, -on the Rhine. See =backrag.= - -=back,= a bat. _Backes_ or reermice; Golding, Metam., iv. 415; fol. 49 -(1603). The pl. _backes_ is the form used by Wyclif, Coverdale and the -Geneva Bible, in Isaiah ii. 20, where AV. has _battes_, see NED. (s.v. -Bat). In Scotland the usual word for the bat is _Backie_ (or -_Backie-bird_), see EDD. (s.v. Backie, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). - -=backare!,= go back, keep back. ‘_Backare! quod Mortimer to his sow_; -i.e. keep back, said Mortimer’; an old proverb, often quoted against -such as are too forward, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Roister); Tam. -Shrew, ii. 1. 72. See EDD. (s.v. Baccare). - -=backcheat,= stolen apparel, lit. things from the back. (Thieves’ cant.) -‘Back or belly-cheats’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See -=cheat.= - -=backrag,= the name of a wine. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1 -(Bornwell); Mayne, City Match, i. 3 (near the end). See =bacharach.= - -=backside,= a yard behind a farmhouse. Witch of Edmonton, iv. 1 (Old -Banks). Very common in prov. usage, see EDD. (s.v. Backside, 2). - -=badger-nab,= a strong little badger. ‘_Meg_ [a witch] What Beast was by -thee hither rid? _Mawd_ [second witch] A Badger-nab’, Heywood, Witches -of Lancs., iv. 1, vol. iv. p. 220. Cp. _knab_, a strong boy, a thickset, -strong little animal (EDD.). - -=baffle,= to treat with ignominy and contempt. It was originally a -punishment inflicted on recreant knights, one part of it being that the -victim was hung up by the heels and beaten. See Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. -27; Beaumont and Fl., A King and no King, iii. 2 (Bessus); 1 Hen. IV, i. -2. 113; Richard II, i. 1. 170. See Trench, Select Glossary, and NED. - -=bag:= phr. _to give the bag_, to cheat. Westward Ho, iv. 2 -(Honeysuckle). - -=bagage,= refuse, worthless stuff; ‘When brewers put no bagage in their -beere’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1082; Tusser, Husbandry, st. 21. An Essex -word in this sense, see EDD. (s.v. Baggage, sb.^{1}). Cp. Port. -_bagaço_, ‘marc; ce qui reste de plus grossier de quelque fruit, qu’on a -pressé pour en retirer le suc’ (Roquette). - -=bagatine,= a small Italian coin, worth about the third part of a -farthing. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 2 (Vol.). Ital. _bagatino_, -_bagattino_, ‘a little coyne vsed in Italie’ (Florio). - -=bagle,= a staff, or crosier such as a bishop carries. _Bagle-rod_, -Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 188 (see the side-note). Icel. _bagall_, a -crosier, L. _baculum_, a rod, staff. - -=bague, baghe,= a ring, brooch. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 54, back, 8; -lf. 98. 11. F. _bague_. - -=baies,= scoldings (?). ‘Ill servant . . . deserveth hir fee to be paid -hir with _baies_’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 2. - -=bain,= a bath. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, x. 567; to bathe, Greene, The -Palmer’s Verses, l. 88 (Capricornus); _bayne_, Surrey, Desc. of restless -state of a Lover, 13. F. _bain_. - -=bain,= supple, lithe. Golding, Metam. iv. 354 (fol. 48); xv. 202; fol. -182 (1603). In common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bain, sb. 1). ME. -_beyn_, ‘flexibilis’ (Prompt.). Icel. _beinn_, straight; also, ready to -serve. - -=bains;= see =banes.= - -=bait,= to stop at an inn to feed the horses, also to stop for -refreshment; used _fig._ ‘Evil news rides post, while good news baits’, -Milton, Samson, 1538. In prov. use in the sense of stopping to feed. See -EDD. (s.v. Bait, vb.^{1} 2). - -=bald,= marked with white upon the head. Hence ‘bald coot’, a coot -(_Fulica atra_); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 1 (Zanthia). In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=bale,= a set of dice; usually three. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); -Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Young Chartley); A Woman never -vexed, ii. 1 (Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Bale, sb.^{3} 4). - -=ball,= a white streak on a horse’s face. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 73. -Hence _ball_, as a horse’s name; orig. one marked with a white streak; -Tusser, Husbandry, § 95, st. 2. Prob. of Celtic origin; cp. Gael. -_ball_, spot, mark, Breton _bal_, a white mark on an animal’s face. - -=balloon,= a game in which a large ball (like a football) was struck by -the arm, which was protected by a stout guard. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Sir -Petronel); Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, iv. 1 (_1st Lady_). _Balloo_, in -the phr. _at the Balloo_ (B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1: _Volpone_), must be -an error for _at the Balloon_, i.e. when playing at the game. Also -_balloon-ball_, Middleton, Game at Chess, ii. 1 (B. Knight). - -=ballow,= smooth. ‘Ballowe wood’, i.e. smooth wood without bark, see -Nottingham Corporation Records, ed. Stevenson, vol. iv, Glossary (date -of entry 1504); ‘The ballow nag’, Drayton, Pol. iii. 24. ME. _balhow_, -smooth, plain (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 136). - - =ballow,= in King Lear, iv. 6. 247, prob. means a quarter-staff - made from _ballow_ wood. See above. - -=ban,= to curse, imprecate damnation on. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 25; a curse, -Hamlet, iii. 2. 269. Icel. _banna_, to prohibit, curse. - -=band,= a collar, lying flat upon the dress, worn round the neck by man -or woman. Also called _falling-bands_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, i. 1 -(Mary). The falling band succeeded the cumbersome ruff. - -=band,= to bandy about, like a tennis-ball. Look about You, sc. 32, l. -5; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 490. - -=banding-ball,= a ball to be driven about at tennis or in the game of -bandy. Wounds of Civil War; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 116. - -=bando,= a proclamation. Shirley, Sisters, v. 2 (Longino). Ital. -_bando_, a public proclamation (Dante). - -=bandoleer, bandalier,= a broad belt, worn over the shoulder and across -the breast. Peele, Polyhymnia, The Third Couple (l. 10). Hence, a wearer -of a bandoleer was _himself_ called by the same name. Thus Gascoigne -has: ‘Their peeces then are called Petronels, And _they themselves_ by -sundrie names are called, As Bandolliers . . . Or . . . Petronelliers’, -Works, i. 408. See Dict. - -=bandora,= a kind of guitar; now called _banjo_. Middleton, Your Five -Gallants, v. 2 (hymn); also _pandore_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 361. Ital. -_pandora_, a bandora (Florio). - -=bandrol,= a long narrow flag, with a cleft end; a streamer from a -lance. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 211. Spelt _bannerall_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. -26. F. _banderole_, a little flag or streamer, a penon (Cotgr.). - -=banes,= ‘banns’ of marriage (the usual spelling to 1661); Tam. Shrew, -ii, 1. 181; spelt _bains_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 36. ME. _bane_ of a -play (or mariage, Pynson), ‘banna’ (Prompt.). - -=bangling,= frivolous contention, squabbling. Englishmen for my Money, -iv. 1 (Heigham); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 528. - -=banquerout, bankrout,= a bankrupt. Webster, Appius, v. 2 (Virginius); -Com. Errors, iv. 2. See Dict. (s.v. Bankrupt). - -=banquet,= a slight refection, a dessert after dinner. Tam. Shrew, v. 2. -9; Timon, i. 2. 160; ‘The Banquet is brought in’, Middleton, No Wit like -a Woman’s, ii. 1 (stage direction). - -=barate,= treason. Caxton, Hist. Troye, 327, back, 10; 335. 29. OF. -_barat_, deceit. See NED. (s.v. Barrat). - -=barathrum,= abyss, a bottomless pit. ‘To the lowest barathrum’, -Heywood, Silver Age (Pluto), vol. iii. p. 159; used _fig._ ‘You -barathrum of the shambles!’ Massinger, New Way, iii. 2 (Greedy); (cp. -_barathrumque macelli_, Horace, Epist. i. 15. 31). L. _barathrum_, the -underworld; Gk. βάραθρον, the yawning cleft near the Acropolis at -Athens, down which criminals were thrown. - -=baratour,= a quarrelsome person, a brawler, a rowdy, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. ii. c. 12. § 8. ME. _baratowre_, ‘pugnax, rixosus, -jurgosus’ (Prompt.). Norm. F. _barateur_ ‘provocateur, querelleur’ -(Moisy), deriv. of _barat_, ‘lutte, dispute’ (id.). - -=baratresse,= a female warrior. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 500. - -†=baratto, barrato,= a small boat; explained as ‘an Indian boat’. -Fletcher, Island Princess, i. 1. 19; ii. 6 (end). - -=barb,= to shave. Turbervile, Trag. T. 53 (NED.); to mow, Marston, -Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole); to clip money, B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 -(Face). F. _barber,_ to shave, to cut the beard (Cotgr.). - -=barbed,= wearing a barb. From _barb_, lit. a beard (F. _barbe_); hence, -a piece of white plaited linen, passed over or under the chin, and -reaching midway to the waist; chiefly worn by nuns. ‘Barbyd lyke a -nonne’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1000. - -=bard;= see =barred.= - -=bard cater-tray,= for _barred cater-tray_, a kind of false dice in -which the throws _cater_ (four) and _tray_ (three) were _barred_, or -prevented from being likely to appear. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 -(Matheo). NED. quotes from Diceplay (1532), ed. 1850, p. 24:—‘a -well-favoured die that seemeth good and square, yet is the forehead -longer on the cater and tray than any other, way . . . Such be also -called _bard cater-tres_, because, commonly, the longer end will, of his -own sway, draw downwards, and turn up to the eye sice, sinke, deuis or -ace; i.e. 6, 5, 2, or 1, but not 4 or 3’. - -=baretour,= a fighting man, a brawler. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aen. i. 472; -id. i. 142. Anglo-F. _barettour_ (Rough List). See =baratour.= - -=bargenette, bargynet,= the name of a rustic dance, accompanied with a -song. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 20. § 12; Gascoigne, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 430. Variant of _bargaret_ or _bargeret_; F. _bergerette_, -‘chant que les bergers chantaient le jour de Pâques’ (Hatzfeld). See -NED. (s.v. Bargeret). - -=barley-bread,= coarse food. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 637. - -=barley-break,= an old country-game; usually one couple, left in a -middle den termed ‘hell’, had to catch the other two couples (who were -allowed to separate and ‘break’ when hard pressed, and thus to change -partners); when caught, they had to take their turn as catchers. _Two -Noble Kinsmen_, iv. 3. 34; ‘A course at _barley-break_’, B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, A. i (Clarion). The last couple left were said to be in hell: -‘_Barly-break: or Last in Hel_’, a poem by Herrick. See EDD. - -=barley-hood,= a fit of ill-temper, brought on by drunkenness. So called -because caused by _barley_, i.e. malt liquor. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 372. -See EDD. - -=barn,= a ‘bairn’, a child. Much Ado, iii. 4. 48. ME. _barne_, ‘infans’ -(Cath. Angl.). OE. _bearn_ (Anglian _barn_). - -=barnacles,= barnacle-geese. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 305 (where the fable -is given). See EDD. (s.v. Barnacle, sb.^{1}). - -=barratry,= vexatious persistence in litigation. Butler, Hudibras, iii. -3. 695. See =baratour.= - -=barrèd,= misused for _barded_, i.e. caparisoned. Drayton, Pol. xii. -481. Shortened to _bard_; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iii. 1 (Cornwall). - -=barred gown,= a gown marked with stripes or bars of gold lace, like -that of a judge or law-officer. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, i. 1 -(Rolliardo). - -=barrendry,= a barony, a title of a baron. Chapman, Humorous Day’s -Mirth, p. 31. Anglo-F. _baronnerie_, a baronry, the domain of a baron, -the rank or dignity of baron. See NED. (s.v. Baronry). - -=barriers,= lists, as for a tournament. _To fight at barriers_, to fight -within lists. ‘_Jeu de Barres_, a martial sport of men armed and -fighting together with short swords within certain Barres or lists, -whereby they are separated from the spectators’, Cowel’s Interpreter -(ed. 1701). Webster, White Devil; ed. Dyce, p. 40; at p. 6, the ‘great -barriers’ are said ‘to moult feathers’; alluding to the plumes cut from -the helmets of the combatants. - -=barth,= a warm place or pasture for calves or lambs. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 33. 26; Coles, Dict., 1677. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Prob. a -derivative of OE. _beorgan_, to shelter, protect. - -=basciomani,= kissings of the hand. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 56. Ital. -_basciamano_, a kissing of the hand (Florio). - -=base,= or _prison-bars_, the name of a boys’ game. _To bid base_, to -challenge to pursuit, as in the game, Venus and Adonis, 303; Spenser, F. -Q. iii. 11. 5; _at bace_, id. v. 8. 5. ‘_Barres_, play at _bace_, or -prison Bars’, Cotgrave. ME. _bace_, play, ‘barri’ (Prompt. EETS. 24, see -note no. 100). ‘_Barri_ sunt ludi, anglicè _bace_’ (Wright, Vocab. 176; -foot-note). - -=bases,= pl. (used like _skirts_), applied to a plaited skirt of cloth, -velvet, or rich brocade, appended to the doublet, and reaching from the -waist to the knee, common in the Tudor period. Massinger, Picture, ii. 1 -(Sophia); Chapman, Mask of the Inner Temple, § 2. Called ‘a pair of -_bases_’, Pericles, ii. 1. 167. - -=bash,= to be abashed, Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 3; Peele, -Arraignment of Paris, iv. 1 (Venus); to make abashed, Greene, Looking -Glasse, i. 1. 75 (Rasni). In prov. use in both senses, see EDD. (s.v. -vb.^{3}). - -=basilisk,= a species of ordnance. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 56; Marlowe, 1 -Tamburlaine, iv. 1. 2; Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 16 (ed. -Furnivall, 281). - -=basket, the,= one in which the broken meat and bread from the sheriffs’ -table was carried to the counters, for poor prisoners. Middleton, -Inner-Temple Masque (Dr. Almanac). Hence, _go to the basket_, i.e. to -prison, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, v. 1 (Pontalier). Cp. Shirley, Bird in a -Cage, iii. 4 (Rolliardo). There were three grades of prisoners in each -of the counters; they occupied, respectively, the Master’s side, the -Twopenny Ward, and the Hole. Those in the Hole paid nothing for their -provisions, but depended upon the basket. - -=baslard,= a kind of hanger, or small sword. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, -st. 18. Anglo-F. _baselard_. For the other French forms, _bazelaire_, -_badelaire_, _beaudelaire_, see Ducange (s.vv. Basalardus, Basalaria, -Bazalardus, Badelare). - -=basque,= a short skirt. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling). F. -_basque_, a short skirt (Cotgr.); from _Basque_, name of the ancient -race inhabiting both slopes of the western Pyrenees. - -=bass,= to kiss. ‘Bas me’, Skelton, Speke Parrot, 106; ‘I _basse_ or -kysse a person, _Ie baise_’, Palsgrave. F. _baiser_; L. _basiare_. - -=bassa,= an earlier form of the Turkish military title ‘Bashaw’. Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 3. 306; spelt _basso_, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 1. 1. -Turkish _bāshā_, prob. fr. _bāsh_, a head. See NED. (s.v. Pasha). - -=basta,= enough. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 203. Ital. (and Span.) _basta_, it is -enough (Florio); Ital. _bastare_, and Span. _bastar_, to suffice. - -=bastard,= a sweet Spanish wine resembling muscatel. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. -30; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 12. - -=bastardeigne,= for =bastard eigné,= firstborn bastard. Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, iv (Widow). _Eigné_ is a late spelling of _ayné_, _ainé_; from -F. _aîné_, OF. _ainsné_; _ains_, before, + _né_, born (Hatzfeld). - -=bastone,= a ‘baton’, cudgel. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.). -ME. _baston_, a cudgel (Cursor M. 15827). OF. _baston_ (F. _bâton_). See -=batoon.= - -=batable,= debatable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. -‘_Batable ground_ seemeth to be the ground in question heretofore -whether it belonged to England or Scotland, 23 Hen. VIII, c. 16, as if -we should say debatable ground,’ Cowell, Interp. (ed. 1637). - -=bate= (short for =abate=), to reduce, diminish, decrease, deduct. -Merch. Ven. iii. 3. 32; iv. 1. 72; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 2; Hamlet, v. 2. -23; to blunt, Love’s L. L. i. 1. 6. Phr. _to bate an Ace_, to abate a -tittle, to make the slightest abatement, Heywood, Witches of Lancashire -iv (Robin); vol. iv, p. 223, l. 2; _Bate me an ace, quod Bolton_, an -expression of incredulity, R. Edwards, Damon and P. in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 77 (NED. s.v. Bate, vb.^{2} 6 d). - -=bate,= to beat the wings impatiently and flutter away from the fist or -perch. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 199; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 99 (old edd. _bayted_). -F. _se battre_. - -=bate,= bit, a northern form of the pret. of _bite_. Spenser, F. Q. ii. -5. 7. See EDD. (s.v. Bate vb.^{4}). - -=batful,= fattening, full of sustenance. Drayton, Pol. iii. 349; vii. -93; &c. See =batten.= - -=batoon, battoon,= a stick, cudgel. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 -(Rogers); _battoon_, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 (Egremont). -See =bastone.= - -=battaile,= a body of troops in battle array. Bacon, Essay 58, § 9; -_battayle_, Psalm lxxvi. 3 (Bible 1539); _the main battle_, main body of -an armed force, Richard III, v. 3. 301. Prov. _batalha_ ‘troupe rangée’ -(Levy). - -=batten,= to feed gluttonously, Hamlet, iii. 4. 67; to fatten, -‘Battening our flocks’, Milton, Lycidas, 29; to grow fat, B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Moon-calf). See Dict. - -=battle,= (at Oxford) to have a kitchen and buttery account, to obtain -provisions in college. ‘I eat my commons with a good stomach and battled -with discretion’, Puritan Widow, i. 2. 42; ‘To battle, as scholars do in -Oxford, _Estre debteur au College pour ses vivres_’, Sherwood, Dict. -1672. - -=battle, battill,= to grow fat. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 38; _battling_, -fattening, nourishing to cattle, Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 9. 4; -nutritious to man, Golding, tr. of Ovid Met. xv. 359. See =batten.= - -=battle.= See =battaille.= - -=battled,= ‘embattled’, furnished with battlements. Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iii. 2 (Maria). - -=battree,= a battle, encounter. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, 16; -Pompey, 1. Variant of _battery_. - -=baudkin,= a rich embroidered stuff, a rich brocade. Holland, Camden’s -Brit. i. 174; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 777. Hence, _cloth of bodkin_, -Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iii. 2 (Frederick); B. Jonson, Discoveries, -lxviii; Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1. OF. _baudequin_, med. L. -_baldakinus_ (Ducange), cp. Ital. _baldacchino_, lit. belonging to -_Baldacco_, the Italian name for Bagdad. - -=baudricke,= ‘a baldric’, belt, girdle. Spenser calls the zodiac the -_baudricke_ (or _bauldricke_) of the heavens, F. Q. v. 1. 11; -Prothalamion, 174. ME. _bawdryk_ (Prompt.), MHG. _balderich_, a girdle -(Schade). See Dict. (s.v. Baldric). - -†=bause= (?). Only in this passage: ‘My spaniel slept, whilst I _baus’d_ -leaves’, Marston, What you Will, ii. 2 (Lam.). - -=bauson, bawson,= a badger. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 71; _bauzon’s_ -skin; Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, st. 10. _Bauson_ -is a common north-country word for a badger, see EDD. Cp. OF. _bausen_, -_bauzan_, black and white spotted, Ital. _balzano_, a horse with white -feet (Florio). See NED. The French word for a badger is _blaireau_. - -=baux= (a plural form), the name of a breed of swift hounds used in the -chase; ‘Those dogges called Baux of Barbarie, of the whiche Phoebus -doeth speake’, Turbervile, Hunting, ch. i. p. 3; ‘White dogges called -Baux, and surnamed Greffiers’, id. ch. ii, p. 4; ‘_Greffiers_, a kind of -white hounds, the same as Bauds’, Cotgrave; ‘_Souillard_, the name of a -dog, between which and a bitch called _Baude_, the race of the _Bauds_ -(white and excellent hounds) was begun’ (id.). Comb. _Baux-hound_, -Holme’s Academy of Armory, p. 184. F. _baud_, ‘chien courant, originaire -de Barbarie’ (Hatzfeld). Probably of Germanic origin, cp. OHG. _bald_, -bold (Schade). - -=bavian,= a baboon, an occasional character in the old Morris dance. He -appears in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. See Nares. Du. _baviaan_. - -=bawcock,= a fine fellow, Hen. V, iii. 2. 27; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. -125. A Lincolnshire word for a foolish person (EDD.). Hence probably the -surname ‘Bawcock’, see Bardsley, 475. F. _beau coq_, a fine cock. - -=bawn,= a fortified enclosure, outwork of a castle. Spenser, View of -Ireland, Globe ed. p. 642, col. 2. Irish _baḋḃḋún_, an enclosure -(Dinneen). - -=bawson,= see =bauson.= - -=bay,= see =beck and bay, at.= - -=bayard,= the name of the horse given to Renaud, one of the Four Sons of -Aymon (name of a romance), hence, a common name for a horse; ‘Bolde -bayarde, ye are to blynde’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 123, l. 101; _a -Bayard’s bun_, horse bread, id. i. 15, l. 8. _Bayard_, lit. of a bay -colour, O. Prov. _baiart_, ‘bai; cheval bai’ (Levy). - -=bayes,= ‘baize’. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. v, p. 31. A plural form -of _bay_, bay coloured, reddish-brown. See Dict. (s.v. Baize). - -=beace,= beasts; pl. of _beast_. Golding, Metam. xv. 13. This is the -usual pron. of _beast_ (and _beasts_) in the north of England. For -various spellings—_beas_, _beece_, _beess_, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Beast). - -=beached,= apparently for _beeked_, i.e. seasoned (as wood) by exposure -to heat. ‘A coodgell [cudgel] _beached_ or pilled [peeled] lawfully’, -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 39; p. 106. Cp. ME. _beke_: ‘to beke wandes’ -(Cath. Angl.), see NED. (s.v. Beek vb.^{1} 1 b). See =beak.= - -=bead,= a prayer, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 872. -This is the orig. sense of mod. E. _bead_; a perforated ball was so -called because it was used for counting prayers. ME. _bede_ ‘oracio’ -(Prompt.). OE. (_ge_)_bed_ prayer. - - =bead-roll,= a list, catalogue. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 32; - _bed-roll_, Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 1 (Sir Charles). - Properly, a list of persons to be specially prayed for. - - =beadsman,= one who prays for another, Two Gent. i. 1. 18. ME. - _bedeman_, ‘orator, supplicator’ (Prompt.). OE. (_ge_)_bedmann_ - (John iv. 23). - -=bead-hook,= a kind of boat-hook. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad xv. 356, -624; Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 (Septimius). Spelt _beede-hook_, Raleigh, -Hist. World (NED.). - -=beak, beyk,= to expose to the warmth of the fire; to season by heat. -‘Beak ourselves’, Grimald, Metrodorus, 3; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 109. -_Beyked_, seasoned, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 3. See EDD. (s.v. Beek -vb. 1 and 2). See =beached.= - -=beam,= the main trunk of a stag’s horn which bears the antlers, -Turbervile, Hunting, 53. - -=beam,= see =beme.= - -=beamy,= beam-like, massive. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 480; tr. of Aeneid, -xii. 641. Cp. 1 Sam. xvii. 7 (massive as a weaver’s beam—the spear of -Goliath). - -=bear= (the animal). Are you there with your _bears_? are you at it -again? ‘Explained by Joe Miller as the exclamation of a man who, not -liking a sermon he had heard on Elisha and the bears, went next Sunday -to another church, only to find the same preacher and the same -discourse’ (NED.). Some think it refers to the bears in a bear-garden; -but they do not say why, nor how. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 3 (Silena); -Howell, Foreign Travell, p. 20. - - =bear-brich,= bear-breech, bear’s-breech; a popular name of the - acanthus; see NED. (s.v. Brank-ursine). Golding, Metam. xiii. - 701 (L. acantho); fol. 162 (1603). - - =bear-herd,= the keeper of a bear, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 191. - - =bear-ward,= B. Jonson, Masque of Angus (Slug). Fletcher, - Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Prigg). - -=bear a brain,= to use one’s brains, to be cautious; also, to remember. -Romeo, i. 3. 29; Grim the Collier, v. 1. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. -457. Cp. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1422. - -=bear in hand,= to lead one to believe, to keep in expectation, to amuse -with false _pretences_, Meas. for M., i. 4. 51. Hamlet, ii. 2. 67; B. -Jonson, Volpone i. 1; ‘_I beare in hande_, I threp upon a man that he -hath done a dede, or make hym byleve so’, Palsgrave. See EDD. (s.v. -Barenhond). ME. ‘I bar him on honde he hadde enchanted me’ (Chaucer, C. -T. D. 575). - -=bearing.= ‘A standing [upright] bearyng bowe,’ Ascham, Toxophilus, p. -79. _A bearing arrow_ seems to have meant an arrow true in its flight -(Nares), though it merely meant stout, or strong; probably _a bearing -bow_ was a strong and trusty one, one to be relied upon to shoot -straight and well. So also _bearing_ dishes, i.e. solid, substantial -dishes or viands; Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1 (Greedy). - -=bearing-cloth,= the cloth in which a child was carried to the font. -Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 119; Beaumont and Fl., Chances, iii. 3 -(Landlady). - -=beast,= an obsolete game at cards, resembling the modern ‘Nap’. Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 1. 1007. See NED. (s.v. Beast, 8). - -=beaten,= orig. hammered; hence, overlaid or inlaid; embroidered. -‘Beaten damask’, Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk). - -=beath,= to dry green wood by placing it near the fire, to season wood -by heat. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 9; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 7. An E. -Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _bethen_ (Treatyse of Fysshynge). OE. _beðian_, -to foment, to warm. - -=beauperes,= fair companions. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 35. OF. _beau_ + -_per_. F. _pair_, an equal, a peer. - -=beaver;= see =bever.= - -=becco,= a cuckold. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole); Massinger, -Bondman, ii. 3 (Gracculo). Ital. _becco_, a he-goat, a cuckold (Florio). - -=beck and bay, at,= at some one’s command. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, 381. -The meaning of the word _bay_ in this phrase is uncertain; it is prob. -connected with ME. _beien_, to bend; OE. (Anglian), _bēgan_; cp. the -phr. _buken and beien_, Juliana, 27. See EDD. (s.v. Bay, vb.^{3}), and -NED. (s.v. Bow, vb.^{1} 6, quot. A.D. 1240). - -=become;= ‘I know not where my sonne _is become_’, i.e. what has become -of him, Gascoigne, Supposes, v. 5 (Philogano); ed. Hazlitt, i. 251. Once -very common. - -=bed,= to pray. Spenser, F. Q., vi. 5. 35. Cp. ME. _bede_, a prayer. See -=bead.= - -=bed,= to command, to bid; ‘Until his Captaine _bed_’, until his captain -may command, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 41. 3 pr. sing. subj. of ME. _beden_; -OE. _bēodan_, to command. - -=bedare,= to dare, defy. Peele, David (Salomon); ed. Dyce, p. 484. From -_dare_; see NED. (s.v. _Be-_, prefix, p. 720). - -=bed-fere,= bed-fellow. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, iii. 542: spelt -_bedphere_, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, ii. 5. - -=bedlam,= a lunatic; one who had been in Bethlehem hospital; the -half-cured patients were licensed to beg for alms for their support. -Barnes, Works (1572) p. 294, col. 2; Gammer Gurton’s Needle has, for one -of its characters, Diccon _the Bedlam_; Bunyan, Pilgr. i. 123 (NED.); ‘A -bedlam, _maniacus_, _insanus_, _furiosus’_, Coles, Lat. Dict. See EDD. -(sb.^{1} 4). - -=bedrench,= to soak, swamp. Richard II, iii. 3. 46; _bedrent_, pt. s. -Sackville, Induction, st. 21. - -=bed-staff,= ‘a staff or stick used in some way about a bed’ (NED.). The -precise sense is uncertain. Often used as a weapon; B. Jonson, Every -Man, i. 4 (Bobadil). ‘With throwing _bed-staves_ at her’, Staple of -News, v. 1 (Lickfinger). - -=bee,= an armlet, ring. ‘A riche _bee_ of gold’, Morte Arthur, leaf 135 -(end); bk. vii, c. 35. The word is still in use in Ireland for a ferule -(EDD.). ME. _bee_, an armlet (Paston Letters, iii. 464). OE. _bēah_. - -=beech-coal,= charcoal made from beech wood. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 -(Face). - -=beeld,= to ‘build’. Mirror for Magistrates, Emp. Severus, st. 21. -_Beeld_ is the pron. of _build_ in many parts of England and Scotland, -see EDD., The Grammar; Index (s.v. Build). - -=beer,= a pillow. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. iv. 414. See NED. -(s.v. Bear, sb.^{4}). See =pillowbeer.= - -=before me,= a form of asseveration. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 194; Oth. iv. 1. -149. Cp. _before heaven_, Meas. ii. 1. 69; _before God_, Much Ado, ii. -3. 192. - -=beg for a fool,= to ask for the guardianship of an idiot. The custody -of an idiot or witless person could be granted by the king to a subject -who had sufficient interest to obtain it. If the ‘fool’ was wealthy, it -was a profitable business. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo). - -=begin,= s., a beginning. ‘Of fowr begynns’ (i.e. the four elements), -Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 38; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. ‘The hard -beginne’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 21. - -=beglerbeg,= the governor of an Ottoman province. Massinger, Renegado, -iii. 4 (Carazie). Turk. _begler-beg_, bey of beys. - -=beglarde,= for _beglaired_, smoothed over, as with a cosmetic. Mirror -for Magistrates; Guidericus, st. 43. From _glair_, q.v. - -=behave,= to manage, govern, control. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Timon, -iii. 5. 22. OE. _behabban_, to restrain. - -=behight= (in Spenser). Forms: _behight_, pres., pt. t., and pp.; -_behot_ (_behote_) pp. Meanings: (1) to promise, Pt. t.: F. Q. iv. 11. -6; Pp.: F. Q. ii. 3. 1; F. Q. i. 11. 38 (behot); (2) to name, call, -pronounce, F. Q. i. 10. 64; Pp.: Shep. Kal., April, 120; (3) to order, -command, F. Q. vi. 2. 30; Pt. t.: F. Q. ii. 11. 17; (4) to entrust, -commit, Pt. t.: F. Q. v. 9. 3; Pp.: F. Q. i. 10. 50; (5) to account, -consider, Pp.: F. Q. iv. 1. 44; (6) to adjudge, Pp.: F. Q. iv. 5. 7. The -normal ME. forms are: _Behote_ (infin.), _behight_ (pt. t.), -_behote_(_n_ (pp.). - -=behight,= a promise. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lxxiii, l. 60. - -=beholding,= indebted, under obligation. Merry Wives, i. 1. 283; -Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Pinac). In common prov. use -in many parts of England (Midlands, E. Anglia, Somerset). See EDD. - -=beholdingness,= obligation, indebtedness. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 -(last speech). - -=bel-accoyle,= fair welcome. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. OF. _bel acoil_, -fair welcome. See =accoyl.= - -=belamour,= a lover. Spenser, F. Q. 6. 16; iii. 10. 22. F. _bel amour_. - -=belamy,= fair friend. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 52. ME. _bel amy_ (Chaucer, -C. T. C. 318). OF. _bel ami_. - -=belay,= to beset, encompass. Spenser, Sonnet, 14; _belayd_, pp. set -about with ornament; F. Q. vi. 2. 5. - -=belee,= to place on the lee, in a position in which the wind has little -influence; ‘Beleed and calmed’, Othello, i. 1. 30. - -=beleek,= belike, probably. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 1 (Mercury); id. -Tale of Troy; ed. Dyce, p. 555. See =belike.= - -=belgards,= amorous glances. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; iii. 10. 52. -Ital. _bel guardo_, fair or kindly look. - -=belike,= perhaps, no doubt (used ironically). Milton, P. L. ii. 156; -Two Gent. ii. 1. 85. In common prov. use (EDD.). - -=belive,= quickly. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, ii. 1. Still in use in Scotland and the north of England -(EDD.). ME. _bi life_, lit. with life or liveliness. See =bilive.= - -=bell, to bear the,= to take the first place, be the first, be -pre-eminent. ‘Win the spurres, and beare the bell’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Aristippus, § 1. From the precedence of the bell-wether; see -NED. - -=bellibone,= a fair lass. ‘Such a bellibone’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., -April, 92. From F. _belle et bonne_, fair and good girl. See -=bonnibell.= - -=bells,= pl.: in phr. _to take one’s bells_, used _fig._, to be ready to -fly away. Ford, Sun’s Darling, iii. 1 (Humour). A hawk had light bells -fastened to her legs before she flew off, that her flight might be -traced. - -=belly-cheat,= an apron. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 -(Higgen); ‘A belly-chete, an apern’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83. See -=backcheat.= - -=belly-cheer,= feasting, gluttony. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. -ix. 114; also, meat, viands; ‘_Carrelure de ventre_, meat, belly-timber, -belly-cheere’, Cotgrave. - -=belsire,= grandfather. Drayton, Pol. viii. 73; _beel sire_, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 321. 6; _bele-fader_, id. lf. 344, back, 27; -‘_Belsyre_, grant pere’, Palsgrave. ME. _belsyr_, or belfadyr, ‘Avus’ -(Prompt.). - -=beme,= a trumpet. _Beames_ (spelt _beaumous_) pl., Morte Arthur, leaf -423, back, 1; bk. xxi. ch. 4. ME. _beme_ (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1240). OE. -(Mercian) _bēme_. - -=bemoiled,= covered with dirt. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 77. In prov. use in -the Midlands (EDD.). - -=bemol,= B flat, in the musical scale. In the old sets of hexachords, -which began with C, G, or F; it was found necessary, in the hexachord -beginning with F, to flatten the note B. The new note, thus introduced -into the old scale, was called _B-mol_ or _Be-mol_, i.e. B soft; from -OF. _mol_, soft; L. _mollis_. Its symbol was _b_, later ♭, which -afterwards became a general symbol for a flattened note. ‘La, sol, re, -Softly bemole’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 533. Also, a half-note; ‘_Two -beemolls_, or halfe-notes’, Bacon, Sylva, § 104. - -=ben,= a cant term for good; _ben cove_, a good fellow. Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat). - -=ben bouse,= a slang term for good drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor). - -=bend= (in heraldry), an oblique stripe on a shield. Morte Arthur, leaf -216. 27; bk. x. c. 12; ‘Our bright silver bend’, Drayton, Heroical -Epistles, Surrey to Lady Geraldine, 95. The _bend_ is usually the _bend -dexter_, from the dexter chief to the sinister base; the _bend sinister_ -slopes the other way. - -=bend,= a band or company. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 32. F. _bende_ -(Cotgr.). See NED. - -=bend,= a piece of very thick leather, a piece of sole-leather. ‘A bend -of leather’, Heywood, First Part of K. Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. i. p. 40. -Also, _bend-leather_ (NED.). The words _bend_, _bend-leather_, _bend of -leather_, _leather bend_ are in use in Scotland and the north of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Bend sb.^{1}). - -=bend,= to cock a musket, pistol, or other fire-arms. A transferred use, -from bending a bow. ‘Like an engyn bent’, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 3. 53 -[‘With hackbut bent’, Scott, Cadyow Castle, 137]; to direct any weapon -(spear, dart, &c.), ‘to bend that mortal dart’, Milton, P. L. ii. 729; -‘so bent his spear’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 34; (figuratively), King Lear, -ii. 1. 48. - -=bene-bouse, benbouse,= good drink. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, -iii. 3 (Higgen); B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). - -=bene whids,= good words; _to cut bene whids_, to speak good words. -(Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). - -=benedicite:= phr. _under ‘benedicite’ I speak it_, Stubbes, Anat. -Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 186). The expression is used by Stubbes, when -making a serious charge against the magistrates, as an invocation for -deliverance from evil. L. _benedicite_, bless ye. - -=benempt,= _pp._ named. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 214. OE. _benemned_, -pp. of _benemnan_, to name (Matt. ix. 9, Lind.). - -=benjamin,= corruption of _benjoin_, earlier form of benzoin. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Herrick, Hesp. (ed. 1869, p. 139). - -=benome, benoom,= to deprive. Spelt _benome_, Mirror for Mag., Somerset, -st. 9; _benoom_, id. Buckingham, st. 15. _Benome_ due to pret. forms of -OE. _beniman_ (_nōm_, sing.; _nōmon_, pl.). - -=bent,= a grassy slope. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 544 (from Chaucer, C. T. A. -1981); Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, XX. 9. Still in use in this sense in -Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Bent, II. 3). - -=benting times,= scarce times, times when pigeons have no food but -_bent-grass_. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1283. - -=bepounced,= ornamented. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 454. See -=pounce.= - -=beray,= to defile, befoul; ‘Berayde with blots’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, -241 (p. 56); Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Firestone); ‘It’s an ill bird -that berays its own nest’, Ray’s Proverbs (A.D. 1678); Palsgrave; -Sherwood. - -=berew,= in a row; ‘Mock them all berew’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 246. See =rewe.= - -=bergomask,= a rustic dance. Mids. Night’s D. v. 360. Ital. -_bergamasca_, ‘sorta di ballo composto tutto di salti e capriole’ -(Fanfani); _Bergamasco_, belonging to _Bergamo_, a province in the state -of Venice. The inhabitants were ridiculed as being clownish in manners. - -=berlina,= a pillory. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 8 (1 Avoc.). Ital. -_berlina_, ‘a pillorie’ (Florio). Med. Lat. _berlina_ (Ducange). - -=Bermoothes,= the Bermudas. Temp. i. 2. 229. See =Burmoothes.= - -=berne,= a herb; ‘The iuyce of Berne or wylde Cresseys’, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 8; p. 21. F. _berle_, Med. L. _berula_, the water-pimpernel, -see Gerarde, p. 621. See Prompt. EETS. (s.v. Bellerne, note no. 176). - -†=berry,= an error for _bevy_, i.e. a number; ‘A _berry_ of fair roses’, -Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 322. Cp. ‘A Beuy of Roos’, -Book of St. Albans, fol. f 6. - -=beryels,= a tomb. Morte Arthur, leaf 141, back, 7; bk. viii. c. 6 -(end); spelt _buryels_, id. leaf 233, back, 23; bk. x. c. 32. OE. -_byrgels_. See Dict. (s.v. Burial). - -=besant, besaunte,= a gold coin of Byzantium. Morte Arthur, leaf 78. 15; -bk. iv. c. 26. It varied in value from half a sovereign to a sovereign. -See Dict. - -=bescumber,= to befoul. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. ix. 34; B. -Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1. (Tibullus); Staple of News, v. 2; Comical -History of Francion (Nares); spelt _bescummer_, Beaumont and Fl., Fair -Maid of the Inn, iv. The word _bescummer_, to besmear with dirt, _fig._ -to abuse, calumniate, is in obsolescent use in Somerset and Devon -(EDD.). See =scumber.= - -=beseen:= in phr. _well beseen_; spelt _well bisene_, Morte Arthur, leaf -22, back, 32; bk. i. c. 8; _well beseene_, well furnished, Spenser, -Tears of the Muses, 180; ‘I am besene, I am well or yvell apareyled’, -Palsgrave. - -=besgue,= stammering. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 271. 5. OF. _besgue_ (F. -_bègue_). - -=besides himself,= all by himself, alone. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, i. 1 (Violetta). - -=besit,= to suit, befit. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 10; _besitting_, -befitting, id. iv. 2. 19; ‘It well besits’, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, -227. Cp. use of F. _seoir_, to sit, also, to fit, suit, sit properly on -(Hatzfeld). - -=beslurry,= to sully all over; ‘All beslurried’, Drayton, Nymphidia, st. -32. Prov. E. _slurry_, to soil, bedaub (EDD). - -=beso las manos,= a kissing of hands; lit. ‘I kiss your hands’, a common -Spanish salutation to a lady. Massinger, Duke of Florence, iii. 1 -(Calandrino). - -=besogno,= a needy fellow (a term of contempt). B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, iv. 2 (Asotus). See =bisogno.= - -=bespawl,= to bespatter with saliva. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); -‘Foam bespawled beard’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 440. OE. _spāld_ (_spādl_, -_spāðl_, _spātl_), saliva. - -=besprint,= besprinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 111. Also -_besprent_, _bespreint_. OE. _besprenged_, pp. of _besprengan_, to -sprinkle. - -=bestead,= pp. _ill bestedded_, ill helped, in a bad plight. Spenser, F. -Q. iv. 1. 3; _ill bestad_, id. ii. 1. 52; _strangely bestad_, strangely -beset or placed, id. iii. 10. 54; _bestad_, treated, id. vi. 6. 18; -circumstanced, Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 23. See Dict. - -=bestraught,= distracted. Tam. Shrew, Induction, ii. 26. L. _distractus_ -gave _distract_ and _distraught_ on the analogy of ME. _straught_, pp. -of _strecchen_, to stretch (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 599); hence the -forms _bestraught_, _astraught_. See NED. (s.v. Bestraught). - -=betake,= to commit, consign, deliver, hand over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. -25; vi. 11. 51; pt. t. _betook_, id. iii. 6. 28; pp. _betake_, Phaer, -tr. of Aeneid, i. 62; fol. B ij. ME. _bitaken_; ‘Ich bitake min soule -God’ = I commit my soul to God (Rob. Glouc. 475). - -=be-tall,= to pay; ‘What is to _be-tall_, what there is to pay; the -amount of the reckoning’, Heywood, Fair Maid of the West, ii. 1 (Clem); -with a quibble on _to be tall_. Du. _betalen_, to pay (Hexham). - -=beteem,= to grant, bestow, concede, indulge with. Mids. Night’s D. i. -1. 131; Hamlet, i. 2. 141; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 19. A Gloucestershire -word (EDD.). Cp. ME. _temen_, to offer or dedicate (to God), Cursor M. -6170; see NED. (s.v. Teem, vb.^{1} 7). - -=betight,= _pp._ for _betid_ or _betided_; happened. Spenser, Shep. -Kal., Nov., 174. - -=betso,= a small Venetian coin; worth about a farthing. Marmion, The -Antiquary, iii. 1 (Bravo). Ital. _bezzo_, a small brass coin in Venice -(Florio). - -=bett,= better. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 15. OE. _bet_, adv. better. - -=beurn,= for _berne_, a warrior. Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 54; in -Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. ME. _burne_, a man (P. Plowman, C. xvi. 163). -OE. _beorn_, a brave man. - -=bever,= the lower part of the moveable front of a helmet. Bacon, Essay -35, § 1; Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 31; _beaver_, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 120; Hen. -V. iv. 2. 44. F. ‘_Bavière d’un armet_, the beaver of a helmet’ -(Cotgr.). - -=bever,= a short intermediate repast. A supper, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xvii, l. 10 from end. _Bever_ is in prov. use in many parts of England -in the sense of a slight refreshment taken between meals, either at 11 -a.m. or 4 p.m. (EDD.). Norm. F. _bever_, ‘boire’ (Moisy); cp. Mod. Prov. -_grand-béure_, ‘petit repas que les moissonneurs font vers 10 heures du -matin’ (Glossaire, _Mirèio_). - -=bever,= to tremble. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 4; bk. i, c. 15. -_Bever_ (_biver_), to tremble, is in common prov. use in England and -Scotland (EDD.). - -=bewaile,= to lament over; ‘An hidden rock . . . That lay in waite her -wrack for to bewaile’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 31. The meaning seems to be: -the rock lay in wait so that she would have to bewail her wreck. - -=beware,= to spend, bestow money. _Wel bywaryd_, well bestowed. Morte -Arthur, leaf 123, back, 18; bk. vii, c. 21. Cp. prov. word _ware_, to -spend, to lay out money (EDD.). ME. _waryn_, ‘mercor’ (Prompt.). - -=bewared,= made to beware, put on one’s guard. Dryden, Cock and Fox, -799. - -=bewet, buet,= a ring or slip of leather for attaching a bell to a -hawk’s leg. ‘The letheris that be putt in his bellis, to be fastyned -a-boute his leggys, ye shall calle _Bewettis_’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. -B 6; ‘That, hauing hood, lines, _buets_, bels of mee,’ Turbervile, To a -fickle Dame, 2. Dimin. of OF. _buie_, _bue_, _boie_, a bond, chain, -fetter. L. _boia_, sing. of _boiae_, a collar. - -=bezoar’s stone,= for =bezoar-stone,= a supposed antidote to poison. B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). See Dict. - -=bezonian,= needy beggar, rascal. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 115; 2 Hen. VI, iv. -1. 134; spelt _bisognion_, Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 1. 13; see -Dict. See =bisogno.= - -=bezzle,= to besot, stupefy, to drink immoderately. Marston, Malcontent, -ii. 2 (Malevole). ‘To bezzle, _pergraecor_’, Coles, Dict. Hence, -_bezeling_, tippling, Marston, Scourge, ii. 7. In prov. use in the sense -of drinking immoderately, in various parts of England; see EDD. (s.v. -Bezzle, vb.^{1} 2). Norm. F. ‘_besiller_, s’user, s’épuiser, se perdre, -dépérir’ (Moisy). See Ducange (s.v. Besilium). - -=bias, from the,= out of the way, off the track. Dekker, Shoemaker’s -Holiday, iii. 1 (Hodge). Prov. _biais_, ‘manière, façon’; _de biais_, -‘obliquement’ (Levy). - -=bibble, bible,= to drink frequently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. -478; Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 550. In prov. use in various parts of -England (EDD.). - -=bidcock,= a bird; said to be the water-rail. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 100. - -=biddell,= a beadle. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 28. OE. _bydel_. - -=bidene,= in one body or company, together, World and Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 268 (NED.); straightway, at once, forthwith, -Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 956; Douglas, Aeneid, I. ii. 33 (NED.). Often -used in Scottish poetry as a rime word, or to fill up the line, or as a -mere expletive, see EDD. (s.v. Bedene). Cp. ME. phrase _all_(_e bidene_, -continuously, one after another (Cursor M. 1457); in one body, all -together (Ormulum, 4793). - -=bid-stand,= a highwayman. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 -(Sogliardo). Because he _bids_ men _stand and deliver_. - -=bienvenu, benvenu,= a welcome. A Woman never vext, v. 1 (King); -Massinger, The Picture, ii. 2. 4. F. _bienvenuë_, a welcome (Cotgr.). - -=big,= a pap or teat. Tusser, Husbandry, 74; Shadwell Witches (EDD.), -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xviii. ch. 7; ‘_Bigge_, a country word for a -pap or teat’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See EDD. - -=big,= a boil, small tumour. Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxxii. ch. 9; -Gaule Cases Consc. 6 (NED.). - -=biggin,= a child’s cap. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5 (Mosca); Proverb, -‘From the biggen to the nightcap’ (i.e. from infancy to old age), B. -Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Haughty); the saying is still in use in -Cornwall (EDD.). F. ‘_beguin_, a biggin for a child’ (Cotgr.). - -=biggon,= a barrister’s cap. Mayne, City Match, iv. 7 (Aurelia). - -=bilander,= a coasting vessel, a by-lander. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. -128. Du. _bijlander_. - -=bilbo,= a sword of excellent quality. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 112. Hence, -one who wears a bilbo, id. i. 1. 165. From _Bilbao_ (E. Bilboa) in -Spain. - -=bilboes,= pl., an iron bar, with sliding shackles, for securing -prisoners. Hamlet, v. 2. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 2 -(near the end). Perhaps from Bilbao; see above. - -=bilive,= soon, quickly. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lord). See -=belive.= - -=bilk,= a statement having nothing in it. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 -(Tub); a cheat, a fraud, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 376. - -=bill,= an advertisement. Much Ado, i. 1. 39; B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of -Humour, iii. 1. 1; a doctor’s prescription, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 603. - -=billed,= _pp._ enrolled. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antony, § 3 (Shak. -Plut. p. 157, note 3). - -=billiments,= pl., habiliments, apparel. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 -(Tibet); _billements_, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). Short -for _habiliments_. - -=bill-men,= watchmen, armed with a pike or halbert. Middleton, Blurt, -Mr. Constable, i. 2 (Blurt). - -=bind with,= to grapple with, seize; said of a hawk. Massinger, -Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). - -=bing,= to go. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. I (Song); _bynge a -waste_, go you hence, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; _bing awast_, go away, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=bird-bolt,= a short blunt arrow, usually shot from a cross-bow at -birds. Much Ado, i. 1. 42; L. L. L. iv. 3. 25. - -=birle,= to pour out liquor. Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 269; Levins -Manip. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _byrle_ (Cath. Angl.); OE. -_byrlian_, to give to drink; _byrel_, a cup-bearer. - -=bisa, bise,= a north wind. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1339); p. -134, col. 2. F. _bise_, a north wind (Cotgr.). O. Prov. _biza_, ‘bise, -nord’ (Levy). - -=bisogno, bisognio,= a needy fellow, a term of contempt. Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Alguazier); Chapman, Widow’s Tears, i. (Lysander). -Ital. _bisogni_, pl. new-levied soldiers, needy men; _bisogno_, need, -want. Cp. =bezonian.= - -=bitched,= a term of opprobrium; ‘Bitched brothel’, World and Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254. - -=bite on the bridle,= to be impatient of restraint. Gascoigne, i. 449, -l. 25. - -=bitter, bittour,= a bittern. _Bitter_, Middleton, Triumph of Love, ed. -Dyce, v. 289; _bittour_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 89; Dryden, Wife of -Bath’s Tale, 194; Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. _bitore_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. -972); OF. _butor_, a bittern (Hatzfeld). - -=bizzle,= to become drunk, to drink to excess. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. -II, iii. 1 (Matheo). See =bezzle.= - -=black:= phr. _black is your eye_. To say ‘black is your eye’, to find -fault with one, to lay something to his charge. ‘I can say, _black’s -your eye_, though it be grey’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 1 -(Alguazier); ‘black’s mine eye’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, i. 2 -(Blurt). - -=black guard,= orig. a jocular name given to the lower menials of a -noble house, esp. those who had charge of kitchen utensils, and carried -them about when required; ‘A lousy slave, that within this twenty years -rode with the black guard in the duke’s carriage [i.e. among his -baggage], ’mongst spits and dripping-pans’, Webster, White Devil, ed. -Dyce, p. 8; Fletcher, Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo). - -=black jack,= a leathern jug for beer, tarred outside. Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Savil); Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (Gasparo). - -=black-mack,= a blackbird; ‘A leane birde of the kind of -_blacke-mackes_’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 34; ‘_Merula_, a -birde called a black-mack, an owzell, a mearle, or black-bird’, Florio. - -=black ox;= ‘The Black Ox has trod on his foot, he has fallen on -misfortune or sorrow’, Lyly, Sapho and Phao, iv. 1; Heywood, Eng. Prov. -(ed. Farmer, 112). See Nares, and EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)). - -=black-pot,= a beer-mug; hence, a toper. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2 -(scene 5, W.), at the end; p. 160, col. 2 (D.). - -=blacks,= mourning clothes. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Francisco); -Maid in a Mill, iv. 2 (Bustopha); Bacon, Essay 2; Massinger, Fatal -Dowry, ii. 1 (Charalois); Herrick, Hesperides, 379. In prov. use; see -EDD. (s.v. Black, sb.^{1} 4). - -=Black Sanctus,= or =Black Saunce;= see =Sanctus.= - -=blanch,= to give a fair appearance to by artifice or suppression of the -truth. Bacon, Essays 20 and 26; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 222; Od. xi. -492; Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 37). - -=blanch= (a hunting term), to ‘head back’ the deer in his flight. Lyly, -Gallathea, ii. 1. 231. Hence _blancher_, a person or thing placed to -turn the deer from a particular direction; Sydney, Arcadia, 64; _fig._ a -hinderer, Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 33 and 36). _Blanch_ still -used by huntsmen in Somerset and Devon in this sense (EDD.). See -=blencher.= - -=blank,= the white spot in the centre of a target; now, bull’s eye. -Hamlet, iv. 1. 42; _at twelve-score blank_, at a range of twelve score -yards, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Sophocles). - -=blank,= a blank bond, to be filled up at pleasure. Beaumont and Fl., i. -1 (Arbaces). Also, a small French coin, orig. of silver, but afterwards -of copper, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). - -=blank,= to render pale, to blanch. Hamlet, iii. 2. 232; to dismay, -Milton, Samson Ag. 471; _blanck_, disappointed, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. -17. - -=blatant, blattant,= bellowing. Spenser, F. Q. v. xii. 37, 41; Dryden, -Hind and Panther, ii. 230. ‘Blate’, to bellow, is in prov. use (EDD.). - -=blaze,= a white mark on an animal’s forehead; (on a black bull), -Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. Still in prov. use, esp. Yorksh. and Lincolnsh., -see EDD. (s.v. Blaze, sb.^{2} 1). - -=blazing star,= a comet. All’s Well, i. 3. 91; Middleton, Roaring Girl, -i. 1 (Sir Alex.). - -=bleaking-house,= bleaching-house. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iv. -2 (Savourwit). ME. _blekyn_, blechen clothe (Prompt.). - -=blear,= dim, indistinct, in outline. Milton, Comus, 155. - -=blear:= phr. _to blear the eyes_, to deceive, throw dust in the eyes. -Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; ‘He is nat in Englande that can bleare his eye -better than I can’, Palsgrave. - -=bleat= (meaning obscure); ‘How the judges have bleated him!’, Webster, -Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Julia). - -=bleater,= a sheep. (Cant.) Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). - -=blee,= colour, complexion, hue. Morte Arthur, leaf 88, back, 32; bk. v. -c. 10; Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 100). Occurs in ballad poetry in the -north (EDD.). ME. _blee_ (York Plays, xxviii. 259), OE. _blēo_. - -=blemish,= ‘When they [the huntsmen] find where a deare hath passed and -breake or plashe any boughe downewardes for a marke, then we say, they -blemish or make blemishes’, Turbervile, Hunting, 244. - -=blemishes,= ‘The markes which are left to knowe where a deare hath gone -in or out’, Turbervile, Hunting, 114. - -=blench,= a side glance, glimpse; ‘These blenches gave my heart another -youth’, Sh. Sonn. cx. A Warwickshire word (EDD.). - -=blench,= to start aside, to flinch, shrink. Fletcher, False One, iv. 4. -ME. _blenchen_ (Anc. Riwle, 242). - -=blencher,= a person stationed to ‘head hack’ the deer, to prevent him -from going in a particular direction. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 1 -(Sanchio); spelt _bleinchers_, pl., scarecrows, things put up to -frighten animals away, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 70, 192; ‘which some call -_shailes_, some _blenchars_, . . to feare away birdes’, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § 2. See =blanch.= - -=blend,= to blind, to dazzle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 35; _blent_, pp., F. -Q. ii. 4. 7; rendered obscure, Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 521; -_yblent_, F. Q. ii. 7. 1. - -=blend,= to mix, confuse, render turbid, disturb, pollute. Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 7. 10; _blent_, pp. defiled, F. Q. ii. 12. 7. - -=blenge,= to blend, mix. Tusser, Husbandry, § 100. 3. A ‘portmanteau’ -word; combination of _blend_ and _menge_, to mingle. - -=blenkard,= one who blinks, or has imperfect sight or intelligence. -Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 610. A north-country pronunc. of _blinkard_ -(EDD.). - -=blent;= see =blend.= - -=bless,= to wound, hurt; ‘When he did levell to shoote, he blessed -himselfe with his peece’, Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 237. F. -_blesser_, to wound (Cotgr.), Anglo-F. _blecer_ (Ch. Rol.). - -=bless,= to preserve, save. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 18; iv. 6. 13. - -=bless,= to brandish (a sword), to wave about. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 6; -i. 8. 22; vi. 8. 13; to brandish round an object with a weapon, ‘His -armed head with his sharpe blade he blest’, Fairfax, Tasso, ix. 67. - -=blewe point,= a blue point, or blue-tagged lace; ‘Not worth a blewe -point’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 9. See =point.= - -=blin, blinn,= to cease, leave off. Turbervile, Poems, in Chalmers’s -Eng. Poets, II, 589; to cause to cease, to put a stop to, Spenser, F. Q. -iii. 5. 22. Very common in northern ballad poetry (EDD.). ME. _blinnen_, -to cease (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1171); to cause to cease, Towneley Myst. -133. OE. _blinnan_, to cease. See =lin.= - -=blince,= (perhaps) to flinch, give way, to ‘blench’; ‘The which will -not _blince_’ riming with _prince_, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 148. - -=blindfeld,= blindfolded. Spelt _blyndefeld_, Morte Arthur, leaf 69, -back; bk. iv. c. 15; _blyndfielde_, R. Eden, First Three Books on -America, ed. Arber, p. 347, l. 7 from bottom. ‘I blyndefelde one’, -Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Blindfold). - -=blinkard,= ‘He that hath such eies that the liddes cover a great parte -of the apple’, Baret (1580); ‘a blinkard, _caeculus_, _paetus_, -_strabus_’, Coles (1679). Still in use in Northumberland and Lancashire -(EDD.). - -=blive,= quickly, soon, immediately. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 18; Surrey, -tr. of Aeneid ii. l. 294. See =belive.= - -=blo, bloo,= livid, esp. used of the colour caused by a bruise. _Bloo_ -and wan, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 141, l. 5; id. Magnyfycence, 2080. A -Yorkshire word (EDD.). ME. _blo_(_o_, ‘lividus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note -no. 195). Icel. _blā_, livid. - -=bloat, blote,= to smoke-dry (herrings); ‘_Fumer_, to bloat, besmoake, -hang or drie in the smoake’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Island Princess, ii. 5 -(1 Citizen). Hence, _bloat-herring_, a smoked herring, B. Jonson, Masque -of Augurs (Groom); Pepys, Diary (Oct. 5, 1661). A Suffolk word (EDD.). - -=block,= a mould for a hat; a fashion of hat. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at -Several Weapons, iv. 1 (Cunningham); Much Ado, i. 1. 77. - -=blonk,= fair, blond; said of hair. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270. 13. -See NED. (s.v. Blank). - -=blore,= a blast of wind. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 122; ix. 5; xiv. -330. ME. _blore_ (York Plays, xxvi. 188). - -=blot in the tables,= an exposed piece or ‘man’ in the game of -backgammon, liable to be taken; hence, a weak point. Middleton, Family -of Love, v. 3 (Gerardine); Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vii. 276. See Dict. (s.v. Blot (2)). - -=blother,= to gabble nonsense; to babble. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1049; -Colyn Cloute, 779. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Blather, vb.^{1}). -Icel. _blaðra_, to talk indistinctly, to talk nonsense. - -=blow-boll,= one who ‘blows in a bowl’, an habitual tippler. Skelton, -ed. Dyce, i. 23; l. 25. - -=blowen,= a wench, a trull. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Shamwell). [Cp. _blowing_, in Byron’s Don Juan, xi. 19.] - -=blow-point,= a game ‘played by blowing an arrow through a trunk at -certain numbers by way of lottery’, Strutt (quoted in NED.). Sidney, -Arcadia, ii. 224; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 2 (Anamnestes); Marmion, The -Antiquary, i. 1 (Leonardo). See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 531. - -=blue,= the usual colour of the dress of servants, or of beadles. -_Blue-coat_, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). _The blue -order_, i.e. of servants, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Onion). -Women condemned to Bridewell wore _blue gowns_, Massinger, City Madam, -iv. 2 (Luke); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. v. 1 (Lodovico). - -=blue-bottle rogue,= a term applied to a beadle, with reference to his -blue uniform. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 22. - -=blunket, blonket,= grey, greyish blue. ‘Bloncket liveries’, glossed by -‘gray coats’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 5. - -=blurt,= an exclamation of contempt, pish!, pooh!; ‘Blurt, Master -Constable’, the title of a play by Middleton, Dekker, Honest Wh., i. 5 -(Fluello); to treat contemptuously, Fletcher, Wild-goose Chase, ii. 2 -(last speech). - -=blushet= (only used by B. Jonson), a little blusher, a modest girl, -Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy senior); The Penates (Pan). - -=board, bord,= to accost, address. Hamlet, ii. 2. 171; Merry Wives, ii. -1. 92; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 5; _boorded_, addressed, id. ii. 4. 24. F. -_aborder_, to approach, accost (Cotgr.) A metaph. expression from -boarding a ship; see Nares. - -=board, bord,= a shilling. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll); -_a bord_, a shylling; Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -=bob,= a blow that does not break the skin, a rap; ‘Pinches, nippes and -bobbes’, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 47); a taunt, a bitter jibe, -As You Like It, ii. 7. 55; Wycherley, Dancing-master, i. 2 (Monsieur); -‘_Ruade seiche_, a drie bob, jeast or nip’, Cotgrave. ‘Bob’, in the -sense of a slight blow, is in prov. use in the Midlands and in E. -Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Bob, sb.^{2} 1). - -=bob,= to fish (for eels) with a _bob_, or grub for bait. Fletcher, Rule -a Wife, ii. 4. 9. In use in the Norfolk Broads, see NED. (s.v. Bob, -vb.^{4}), and EDD. (s.v. Bob, vb.^{6} 1). - -=bob,= to deceive, cheat. Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 75; ‘_Avoir le moine_, to -be gleekt, bobbed’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Span. Curate, v. 2 (Bartolus); -Little French Lawyer, ii. 1. 24. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bob, -vb.^{5}). OF. _bober_. - - =bobber,= a cheat, deceiver. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § - 12. - -=bobance, bobaunce,= arrogance, vanity. Morte Arthur, leaf 262. 12; bk. -x, c. 63; id. lf. 376. 25; bk. xviii, c. 15. F. _bobance_, ‘excessive -spending; insolency, surquedrie, proud or presumptuous boasting’ -(Cotgr.). O. Prov. _bobansa_, ‘faste, ostentation’ (Levy). - -=bob-fool:= in phr. _to play bob-fool_, to flout, make sport. Greene, -Alphonsus, iv (Amurack). - -=Bocardo,= the name of the prison above the old North Gate of the city -of Oxford, where Cranmer was confined, Strype, Archbp. Cranmer, iii. 11. -341; Oxford Records, 414; a prison, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (ed. -Furnivall, 126); Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Club). ‘Bocardo’ is a -mnemonic word used in Logic. - -=bodge,= an odd measure of corn. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). In -Kent the word _bodge_ means an odd measure of corn, left over after the -bulk has been measured into quarters and sacks; _bodge_ also means in -Kent a flat oblong basket used for carrying produce of garden or field, -see EDD. (s.v. Bodge, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). - -=bodkin,= a dagger. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, ii. 3 -(Duarte); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 2 (Aphobus); cp. Hamlet, -iii. 1. 76. - -=bodkin;= see =baudkin.= - -=bodrag,= a hostile incursion, a raid. ‘Nightly _bodrags_’, Spenser, -Colin Clout, 315. Hence _bodraging_, misspelt _bordraging_, the same; F. -Q. ii. 10. 63. Irish _buaidhreadh_, molestation, disturbance; -_buaidhr-im_, I vex, bother, trouble (Dinneen). - -=bog,= proud, saucy, bold. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 37. -st. 109; Rogers, Naaman, 18. Cp. ME. _boggisshe_, ‘tumidus’ (Prompt. -EETS., see note no. 161). - -=boggard,= a privy, _latrina_. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iv. 6 (end). - -=boistous, busteous, bousteous,= rough, rustic, coarse, violent, -vigorous. _Bousteous_ tree, vigorous tree; Turbervile, Time Conquereth -all Things, st. 7. _Boystous_, rude, coarse, A. Borde, Introd. of -Knowledge, bk. i, c. 14; p. 160. ME. _boystows_, ‘rudis’ (Prompt. EETS., -see note no. 166). See Dict. (s.v. Boisterous). - -=boll,= a rounded seed-vessel or pod, as that of flax or cotton. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 50. Hence _bolled_, having ‘bolls’, pods; -BIBLE, Ex. ix. 31 (AV.). ‘Boll’, in the sense of the seed-vessel of -flax, is in prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, also in Lincolnshire, see -EDD. (s.v. Boll, sb.^{2}). - -=boll,= to quaff the bowl, to booze; ‘They might syt bebbinge and -bollynge’, Coverdale, Micah, ii. 11. Hence _boller_, one who lingers at -the bowl, a drunkard, Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 81. - -=bollen,= swollen. Lucrece, 1417 (in old edd. _boln_); _bolne_, Hawes, -Past Pleas., p. 135; Surrey, tr. Aeneid ii, 616; _bowlne_, id. ii. 348. -Cp. the E. Anglian _bown_, swollen (EDD.). ME. _bollen_, swollen (Cursor -M. 12685). Icel. _bólgna_; Dan. _bolne_, to swell. See NED. (s.v. Bell, -vb.^{1}). - -=bolt,= an arrow for a cross-bow, with a blunt or square head, also -_gen._ an arrow; ‘The bolt of Cupid’, Mids. Night’s D., ii. 1. 165; ‘A -fool’s bolt is soon shot’, Hen. V, iii. 7. 132; Heywood, Eng. Prov. (ed. -Farmer, 145); ‘I’ll make a shaft or a bolt on’t’, Merry Wives, iii. 4. -24 (i.e. I’ll take the risk, whatever may come of it). - - =bolt’s-head,= a kind of retort used by alchemists. B. Jonson, - Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon); named from its long cylindrical neck. - -=bolt,= a roll of a woven stuff. B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle). - -=boltered,= clotted, coagulated. ‘Blood-boltered’, having the hair -clotted with blood, Macbeth, iv. 1. 123. A Warwickshire word (EDD.). - -=bolting-hutch,= a trough into which meal is sifted. Middleton, Mayor of -Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon). A Lincolnshire word, see EDD. (s.v. Bolting, -2 (3)). - -=bombard,= ‘a great gun or piece of ordnance’ (Bullokar). Caxton, -Reynard (ed. Arber, 58). F. _bombarde_, a bumbard, or murthering-piece -(Cotgr.). - -=bombard,= a large leathern vessel to carry liquors. Tempest, ii. 2. 21; -Hen. VIII, v. 4. 85. Hence _bombard-man_, one who provides liquor. B. -Jonson, Masque of Love Restored (Robin). - -=bombast,= cotton wadding. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 359; Beaumont and Fl., -Little French Lawyer, ii. 2. 8. OF. _bombace_, cotton (Godefroy). See -Dict. - -=bonair=(=e,= gentle, courteous. Holland, Livy, iv. 2. 446; _bonerly_, -in debonnaire fashion, World and Child, l. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. -243. F. _bonnaire_ and _bonnairement_ (Cotgr.). - -=bona roba,= a handsome wench, a wanton. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 26. Ital. -_buonaroba_, ‘as we say, good stuffe, a good wholesome plum-cheeked -wench’ (Florio). - -=bone;= ‘Look not upon me as I am a woman, But as a bone, thy wife, thy -friend’, Otway, Venice Preserved, ii. 2 (Belvidera). Meaning doubtful. - -=bones:= in phr. _to make bones_, to make scruples about, find -difficulty in; ‘Who make no bones of the Lord’s promises, but devoure -them all’, Rogers, Naaman, 579; ‘He made no manier bones . . . but went -in hande to offer up his only son Isaac’, Udall, Erasm. Par., Luke i. -28. Formerly also, _to find bones in_ (Paston Letters, 331), referring -to the occurrence of bones in soup, &c., as an obstacle to its being -easily swallowed, see NED. (s.v. Bone, 8). - -=bones,= dice. A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Stephen). A common expression. - -=bonfacion,= of good fashion, fashionable. Three Ladies of London; in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 251, 311. - -=bongrace,= a shade worn on the front of a woman’s bonnet as a -protection from the sun. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). F. -‘_bonnegrace_, the uppermost flap of the downhanging taile of a French -hood; whence belike our Boongrace’ (Cotgr.). - -=bonnibell,= a fair lass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., August, 62; B. Jonson, -The Satyr, l. 21. From F. _bonne et belle_, good and fair girl. See -=bellibone.= - -=bonny-clabber,= sour buttermilk. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Ford, -Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2. 8. ‘Bonny-clabber’ in Ireland means thick milk. -Irish _bainne_ [pronounc. _bonny_], milk, and _clabair_, anything thick -or half-liquid. In use in the United States wherever Irishmen forgather. -See Joyce, English in Ireland, 219. - -=bookholder,= a prompter in a theatre. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induct. - -=books:= phr. _to be in a person’s books_; ‘I see, lady, the gentleman -is not in your books’, Much Ado, i. 1. 179 (the probable meaning is, he -is not in favour, not in the lady’s ‘book of memory’, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 4. -101). - -=boon,= good; esp. in French phrases. ‘On a boon voyage’, Conflict of -Conscience; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 63. ‘Nature boon’, Milton, P. L. -iv. 242; cp. ix. 793. - -=boord, bord;= see =board,= and =bourd.= - -=boot-carouse,= a carousing out of a bombard or black-jack, which was -likened to a boot. Marston, Sat., ii. 154. - -=boot-hale,= to carry off booty. Heywood, Sallust, 33. Hence, -_boot-haler_, a freebooter, highwayman, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(J. Dapper); Holland, Livy, xxii. 41. 458; _boot-haling_, the carrying -away of booty, Florio, Montaigne, ii. 31; Fletcher, The Chances, i. 4 -(Frederic); Maid in the Mill, ii. 2 (Antonio). - -=booty:= in phr. _to play booty_, to play so as to lose, in order to -draw the opponent on, and get some ‘booty’ in the end’, Dryden, Pref. to -Don Sebastian, § 7; Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 2 (Frankford). Also, -_to bowl booty_, to play at bowls so as to lose at first, Webster, White -Devil (Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. See Nares. - -=borachio,= a large leather bottle or bag used in Spain (_borracha_). B. -Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer); Greene, Looking Glasse (Works, ed. -1861, 133); _fig._ a drunkard, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1. 7. Span. -_borracho_, a drunkard. - -=bord,= rim, circumference. ‘He plants a brazen piece of mighty bord’, -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 (Host). The reference is -to a barber’s basin. F. _bord_, edge, border. - -=bordello,= a brothel. B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 1 (Knowell). Ital. -‘_bordello_, a bawdy-house’ (Florio). - -=bordon,= a staff. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 132, back, 24. ME. -_bordun_, a pilgrim’s staff (P. Plowman, A. vi. 8). F. _bourdon_ -(Cotgr.). O. Prov. _bordon_, bâton de pèlerin. - -=bordraging;= see =bodrag.= - -=bore,= to trick, cheat, overreach. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 128; Life T. -Cromwell, ii. 2. 103 (NED.). - -=boree, bouree,= a rustic dance, orig. of Auvergne. Etheridge, Man of -Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). F. -_bourrée_ (Hatzfeld). - -=borrel,= unlearned, rude, rough, rustic. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 95; -Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 28. ME. _borel_, in Chaucer: coarse -woollen clothes, C. T. D. 356; _borel men_, laymen, C. T. B. 3145. - -=borrow, borow,= a pledge, surety. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 131, 150; -‘Dear Pan bought with dear borrow’, id. Sept., 96. ME. _borwe_, a surety -(Chaucer, C. T. B. 2998). OE. _borh_ (_borge_) a pledge, surety. - -=borrow,= to give security for, to assure, warrant. Greene, Isabel’s -Ode, 33; ed. Dyce, p. 296. - -=bosky,= full of thickets. Peele, Chron. Edw. I (ed. 1874, p. 407); -Tempest, iv. 1. 81; Milton, Comus, 312. A Cheshire and Yorkshire word, -from _bosk_, an underwood thicket (EDD.). ME. _boske_, a bush. - -=boss,= a fat woman, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Zenocrate); ‘A fat -boss, _femme bien grasse et grosse, une Coche_’, Sherwood. A Lancashire -word for a fat lazy woman, see EDD. (s.v. Boss, sb.^{1} 6). - -=bosse,= supposed to mean a water-conduit; esp. used of _the Bosse of -Billingsgate_, W. de Worde, Treatyse of a Galaunt (see Title of the -Play); B. Jonson, Time Vindicated (Eyes); ‘_Bosse Alley_, so called of a -Bosse of Spring-water continually running, which standeth by -Billingsgate against this alley’, Stow, Survey (ed. 1842, p. 79). See -NED. (s.v. Boss, sb.^{2}). - -=botcher,= a mender of old clothes; or (disrespectfully) a tailor. All’s -Well, iv. 3. 211; Cor. ii. 1. 93; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 1 -(Fortune). - -=bottom of packthread,= a ball of string. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv, 4 -(Brainworm); Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 138. Properly the clew or nucleus on -which the ball was wound. [‘I wish I could wind up my bottom -handsomely’, Sir W. Scott, Diary, March 17, 1826.] See EDD. (s.v. -Bottom, 8). ME. _botme_ of threde (Prompt.). - -=bouche:= in phr. _bouche in court_, an allowance of victual granted by -a king or noble to his household; ‘A good allowance of dyet, a bouche in -court, as we use to call it’, Puttenham, English Poesie, bk. i, c. 27 -(ed. Arber, 70). F. _avoir bouche à Court_, ‘to eat and drinke scotfree, -to have budge-a-Court, to be in ordinarie at Court’ (Cotgr.). See -=bouge.= - -=bouffage,= a satisfying meal. ‘No bouffage, but a light bit’, Sir T. -Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 9. F. _bouffage_, ‘any meat that (eaten -greedily) fills the mouth and makes the cheeks to swell; cheek-puffing -meat’ (Cotgr.). F. _bouffer_, to swell. - -=bouge,= to flinch. Julius Caesar, iv. 3. 44; _boudge_, Beaumont and -Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius). See Dict. (s.v. Budge (1)). - -=bouge,= to ‘bilge’, to stave in a ship’s side; intr., to suffer -fracture, as a ship. ‘My barke was _boug’d_’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, -st. 44. ‘Least thereupon Our shippe should _bowge_’, Gascoigne, Voyage -into Holland, ed. Hazlitt, i. 390. See NED. See Dict. (s.v. Bilge). - -=bouge,= provisions; ‘A bombard man, that brought bouge for a country -lady’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin). - - =bouge of court,= court-rations; ‘The Bowge of Courte’ (the - title of a poem written by Skelton); ‘Every of them to have lyke - bouge of courte’, State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 623 (NED.). See - =bouche.= - -=bouget,= a budget, wallet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 29; a water-vessel -of skin, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt, iv. 72. F. _bougette_ (Cotgr.); -dimin. of OF. _bouge_, a water-skin; cp. ME. _bowge_, ‘I am maad as a -bowge in frost’ (Wyclif, Ps. cxix. 83). See Dict. (s.v. Budget). - -=bough-pot,= a flower-pot, a vase for boughs or cut flowers. Chapman, -Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Rhoderique). A Lincolnsh. and Northamptonsh. word -(EDD.). - -=bought,= a twist, a knot. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 2. 13; used of the -coil of a serpent, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 255. ‘Bought’ is in prov. use -in the north country for a curve or bend; the curve of the elbow or -knee. See EDD. (s.v. Bought, sb.^{1} 1). - -=bounty,= goodness in general, worth, virtue; ‘He is only the true and -essential Bounty’, Drummond of Hawthornden, Cypress Grove (Wks. ed. -1711, p. 127); _bountie_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 4; ‘A lovely lasse, -Whose beauty doth her bounty far surpasse’, F. Q. iii. 9. 4; ‘Large was -his bounty and his soul sincere’, Gray, Elegy, 121 (The Epitaph). ME. -bountee, goodness (Chaucer. An A.B.C., 9). F. _bonté_ ‘goodness, -honesty, sincerity, vertue, uprightness’ (Cotgr.); L. _bonitas_, -goodness (Vulgate). - -=bourd, bord,= a jest. Drayton, Eclogue, vii. 208; _bord_, Spenser, F. -Q. iii. 3. 19; iv. 4. 13. F. _bourde_, ‘a jeast, fib, tale of a tub’ -(Cotgr.). - -=bourd,= to jest. Ford, ’Tis pity, ii. 4 (Peggio). - -=bourd,= to accost. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid iv, l. 899. See =board.= - -=bourdel,= a brothel. Farquhar, Constant Couple, ii. 2. 4. See -=bordello.= - -=bout, bowt,= a coil; a circuit, orbit. Sir T. Wyatt, Song of Iopas, 45; -in Tottel’s Misc., p. 94. See =bought.= - -=boute-feu,= a fire-brand, incendiary. Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, p. -66, l. 13; Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 786. F. _boute-feu_, ‘a boute-feu, a -wilful or voluntary firer of houses; also, a fire-brand of sedition, a -kindler of strife and contention’ (Cotgr.). - -=bout-hammer,= a heavy two-handed hammer. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful -Friends, v. 4 (Pergamus). For _about-hammer_, the largest hammer -employed by blacksmiths; it is slung round (or _about_) near the -extremity of the handle. An East Anglian word (EDD.). - -=bouzing-ken,= drinking-house, ale-house. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See -Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -=bovoli,= snails, cockles; considered as delicacies. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). Ital. _bovolo_ (pl. _bovoli_), ‘a -snayle, a cockle, periwinkle’ (Florio). - -=bowd,= a weevil, malt-worm. Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 39; ‘A boude, -_vermis frumentarius_’, Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. _bowde_, malte-worme -(Prompt.). An East Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Boud). - -=bow-dye,= a scarlet dye; name from _Bow_, near Stratford, Essex, where -the dyers mostly lived, in the 17th cent. Hence, as attrib., ‘My bowdy -stockings’, Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Prue). - -=bowerly,= comely, portly, ‘burly’. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § -8. In common use in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). See Notes on -Eng. Etym. (s.v. Burly). - -=bow-hand,= the hand that holds the bow, the left hand. In phr. _wide o’ -th’ bow-hand_, wide of the mark (towards the left); L. L. L. iv. 1. 135; -_much o’ th’ bow-hand_, Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iv. 2 (end); Coxcomb, -i. 3. 2. - -=bowlne,= swollen. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 348. See =bollen.= - -=bowne,= a bound, limit. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v. ch. 23. st. -45. In the same, st. 1 ‘the former bowne’ seems to mean ‘the preceding -chapter’. Norm. Fr. _bowne_ (_bodne_), ‘limite’ (Moisy). Cp. Med. Lat. -_bonna_, _bodina_ (Ducange). - -=bowne,= a boon, a favour in answer to a request. Mirror for Mag., -Cobham, st. 45; Adam Bel, 509, in Hazlitt’s Pop. Poetry, ii. 160. Icel. -_bōn_, a prayer. - -=bowrs, bowers,= muscles that bend the joints, strong muscles. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 8. 12. Lit. _bow-er_, i.e. that which bows or bends; see NED. - -=box-keeper,= the keeper of the dice and box at a gaming-table; -‘Gettall, _a box-keeper_’, Massinger, City Madam (Dramatis Personae). - -=boyn,= to swell. ‘Her heeles behind _boynd_ out’, Golding, Metam. viii. -808; fol. 105 (1603). Cp. _boine_, _bunny_, Essex words for a swelling -caused by a blow (EDD.). OF. _buyne_ (now _bigne_); see Hatzfeld. - -=brabble,= to wrangle, quarrel, Coles, Dict. (1679); _brabble_, a -quarrel, brawl, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 69; Titus And. ii. 1. 62; hence, -_brabbler_, a quarreller, King John, v. 2. 162; _brabbling_, Middleton, -A Fair Quarrel, i. 1 (Colonel); ‘Noe more brabbling with him’ (your old -Glasier), Dorothy Wadham, Letter (1614), in T. G. Jackson’s Wadham -College (1893, p. 161). Du. ‘_brabbelen_, to brawle or to brabble’ -(Hexham). - -=brace,= to gird, encompass. ‘Bigge Bulles of Basan brace hem about’, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 124. OF. _bracier_, to embrace, deriv. of -_brace_, the two arms (Ch. Rol., 1343). - -=bracer, braser,= a protection for the arm in archery. Ascham, -Toxophilus, pp. 108, 109. - -=brach,= a bitch-hound. Properly a kind of hunting-dog; but it came to -be used with reference to a bitch in general. Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (Belgarde); -King Lear, i. 4. 125. OF. _brac_, hunting-dog (Didot). OHG. _bracco_ -(Schade). - -=brachet,= a small hunting-dog. Morte Arthur, leaf 52, back, 22; bk. -iii, c. 5. F. ‘_brachet_, a kind of little hound’ (Cotgr.). - -=brachygraphy,= shorthand, stenography. B. Jonson, Paris Anniversary -(Fencer); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Sanitonella). Gk. -βραχυγραφία. - -=brack,= salt water. Only in Drayton, Pol. xxv. 50; Agincourt, 185 -(NED.). Du. _brak_, briny, brackish. - -=brack,= a breach, fracture, Oxford City Records, 387; ‘_Breche_, a -brack or breach in a wall’, Cotgrave; a flaw, fault, ‘A brack, -_vitium_’, Coles, Dict. (1679); Digby, On the Soul, Dedic. (Johnson); a -flaw in cloth, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 33); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xvii. 249; a rupture, a quarrel, Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, v. 1 -(Byron). - -=brag,= brisk, lively. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 11; ‘the bragge -lambs’, G. Fletcher, Christ’s Victory, i (NED.). - -=braid,= a sudden or brisk movement. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 -(Marcella). ME. _brayd_: ‘She (Dido) walketh, walweth, maketh many a -brayd’ (Chaucer, Leg. G. W., 1166); OE. _bregdan_, to move suddenly to -and fro. - -=braid,= a sudden outburst of passion, anger. Warner, Alb. England, bk. -vii, ch. 37, st. 105; a sudden assault, Golding, Metam., xiii. 240; an -adroit turn, trick, deception, Greene, Radagon in Dianam, 62 (ed. Dyce, -302); (?) deceitful, All’s Well, iv. 2. 73. - -=braided;= _braided ware_, goods that have changed colour, tarnished, -faded. Marston, Scourge Villainie, Sat. v. 73 (cp. Bailey’s Dict., 1721; -see NED.). - -=brail,= in hawking, to confine a hawk’s wings by means of a _brail_, or -soft leather girdle; ‘They _brail_ and hud us’ [confine and hood us], -Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 9 (Flavia). OF. _brail_, _braiel_, a girdle. Med. -L. _bracale_, deriv. of _bracae_, breeches (Ducange). - -=brake,= a powerful bit for horses. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2 -(Cent.). - -=brake,= to set one’s face in a brake, to assume an immovable expression -of countenance. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Bussy). - -=brame,= longing, desire. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 52. Ital. _brama_, -earnest desire; from _bramare_, to desire. Cp. O. Prov. ‘_bramar_, -braire, désirer ardemment’ (Levy), F. _bramer_ (Hatzfeld). - -=branched,= adorned with a figured pattern in embroidery, &c.; ‘Branched -velvet’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 2 (Frank). - -=branded,= brindled; of mixed colour, streaked. Chapman, tr. of Homer, -Iliad, xii. 217. A common prov. word (EDD.). - -=brandenburg,= a morning gown, with long sleeves. Etheredge, Man of -Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii. 1 (Olivia). From -Brandenburg, in Germany, where there were woollen manufactories. - -=brandle,= to shake, endanger, cause to waver. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. -Lumby, p. 155. F. _branler_. See =brangle.= - -=brandlet,= a bird; prob. the brand-tail or redstart. Gascoigne, Prol. -to Philomene, 31. See EDD. (s.v. Brand-tail). - -=brand-wine,= brandy. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (Clause). Du. -_brande-wijn_, brandy, lit. burnt (i.e. distilled) wine. - -=brangle,= to shake, cause to waver; hence, to render uncertain, to -confuse. Merry Devil, ii. 2. 6. F. _branler_. Cp. =brandle.= - -=brank,= buck-wheat; ‘Brank, Buck, or French-wheat, a summer grain -delighting in warm land’, Worlidge; Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 20. An E. -Anglian word (EDD.). - -=bransle,= a kind of dance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 8. F. ‘_bransle_, a -brawl or dance wherein many (men and women) holding by the hands, -sometimes in a ring, and other-whiles at length, move all together’ -(Cotgr.). Cp. =brawl.= - -=brant,= steep. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘Even brant agenst Flodon -hil’, (perhaps) even on the steep side of Flodden hill; id. p. 88. In -common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). OE. (Anglian) _brant_. - -=brasell;= see =brazil.= - -=brast,= to burst. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 2, § 2; Douglas, -Eneados, iv. 81; pt. t., Sir T. More, Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 74); -Bunyan, Pilg. Pr. (ed. 1678, p. 73). In common prov. use in the north -(EDD.). ME. _breste_(_n_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1008). OE. _berstan_. - -=brathel,= a malignant scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 60. See -=brothel.= - -=brave,= finely arrayed; showy, splendid; fine, excellent. Tam. Shrew, -Ind., i. 40; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); ‘Brave, -_splendidus_’, Levins, Manip.; As You Like It, iii. 4. 43. In gen. prov. -use (EDD.). - -=brawl,= a French dance. L. L. L. iii. 9; the figure is fully described -in Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Guerrino). See =bransle.= - -=brawn-fall’n,= having arms from which the muscle has fallen away. Kyd, -Cornelia, iii. 1. 77; Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 127. - -=braye,= a brae, a steep bank; ‘Agaynste a rocke or an hye braye’, -Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 159. ‘Bray’ is still in use in Yorksh. and -Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Brae). Icel. _brā_, eyebrow, see NED. - -=braye,= a military outwork, a mound or bank defended by palisades and -watch-towers. Act 4 Hen. VIII. 1. § 1 (NED.). _False braye_, an advanced -parapet surrounding the main rampart, Urquhart, Rabelais, iii. Prol. F. -_faulses brayes_, ‘issues qui doivent être bouchées, dans une place -forte, quand l’ennemi approche’, Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais, iii. Prol. -Norm. F. _faulses brayes_, ‘espèce de muraille, établie en dehors d’une -forteresse et servant de retranchement’ (Moisy). Med. L. _braca_, -‘moles, agger’ (Ducange). - -=brazil, brasell,= a hard wood which yields a red dye. Davenant, The -Wits, i. 1. 9; Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 133). In popular use in the -Yorksh. phrase, ‘As hard as brazzil’, see EDD. (s.v. Brazil, sb.^{1}). -Port. and Span. _brasil_. The country in S. America is named from this -wood (NED.). - -=break:= phr. _to break one’s day_, to fail to make a payment on the day -appointed. Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Prud.). - -=break up,= to break open; to open a letter. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 13; Merch. -Ven. ii. 4. 10. Also, to carve, L. L. L. iv. 1. 56. - -=breast,= the source of the voice, the voice in singing. Twelfth Nt. ii. -3. 20; Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 6 (Fool); G. Herbert, The Temper, p. 47. - -=breathe:= phr. _to breathe a vein_, to open a vein by lancing it. -Dryden, Oliver Cromwell, st. 12; Georgics, iii. 700; Palamon, iii. 755. - -=breathely,= worthless. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 36. Cp. ME. -_brethel_(_l_, a worthless fellow (York Plays, xxvi. 179). See NED. - -=breck,= a breach, gap. Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 16 (p. 40). A -north-country word (EDD.). ME. _brekke_ (Chaucer, Bk. Duch., 940). - -=breme,= fierce, stormy; ‘Breme winter’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 42; -‘_Froid_, cold, breame, chill’, Cotgrave; Drayton, Heroic. Epist., xvi. -8. ME. _breme_ (Lydgate, Chron. Troy, ii. 16). Still in use in the north -country (EDD.). Cp. OE. _brēman_, to rage: _broeman_ ‘fervere’, in -Preface Lind. Matthew (ed. Skeat, p. 5, l. 5). - -=breme.= Of reports, loudly prevalent; ‘In their talke most breeme Was -then Achilles victorie’, Golding, Met. xii. 280. OE. _brēme_, famous, -celebrated. - -=brended,= brindled. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Puppy). See -=brinded.= - -=brenne,= to burn. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 45; pt. t. _brent_, id. i. 9. -10; pp. _brent_, id. ii. 6. 49. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _brennen_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2331). Icel. _brenna_. - -=brere,= a briar. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 2; Sackville, Induction, st. -39. A very common prov. pronunc. (EDD.). OE. (Mercian) _brēr_, WS. -_brǣr_. - -=bret,= the name of a fish like the turbot; ‘The bret, of all [fishes] -the slowest’, Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 (Hephestion). Also called a _birt_ -or _burt_. See EDD. - -=bretch,= a breach; ‘With careless _bretch_’, Phaer. and Twyne, tr. of -Aeneid, x. 467. F. _brèche_. - -=brevit,= to hunt about, search, pry, beat about, forage; ‘Breviting by -night’, Drayton, The Owl, 179. Prob. from _brevet_, in the sense of -taking by ‘brevet’ or written warrant (NED.). In gen. use in the midland -counties (EDD.). - -=briars:= phr. _in the briars_, in troubles, among thorns; ‘I ought not -so to leave Eccho _in_ the bryers’, Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, v. -1. - -=bribe,= a thing stolen, Barclay, Shyp of Folys, ii. 85. OF. _bribe_, a -piece of bread, F. ‘_bribe_, a peece of bread given unto a beggar’ -(Cotgr.). - -=bribe,= to take dishonestly, to purloin, to steal or rob; ‘They do -deceive the needy, bribe and pill from them’, Cranmer, Instr. of Prayer; -‘I bribe, I pyll’, Palsgrave. ME. _brybyn_ (_briben_) ‘latrocinor’ -(Prompt.). - -=bribery,= robbery with violence, extortion, Geneva Bible (Matt. xxiii. -25). - -=bribour,= a thief or robber, Berners, tr. of Froissart, ii. 10. 21. ME. -_brybowre_ (Prompt.). - -=brickle,= fragile, easily broken; ‘Brickle vessels’, BIBLE (AV.), -Wisdom, xv. 13; ‘brickle, _fragilis_’, Levins, Manip.; Spenser, Ruins of -Time, 499; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. 8. OE. _brycel_, see NED. -(s.vv. Britchel, Brickle). See =brokle, bruckle.= - -=bride-house,= the house where a wedding is held. ‘A public hall for -celebrating marriages’, Nares. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 22. - -=bride-lace,= a piece of gold, silk, or other lace, used to bind up the -sprigs of rosemary formerly used at weddings. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3 -(Hazard). - -=bridling-cast,= a glass taken when the horse is bridled; a -stirrup-glass, stirrup-cup. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. -Loveless). - -=brigand-harness,= a brigandine, a piece of armour worn by a ‘brigand’ -or foot-soldier. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 251. See -=brigandine.= - -=brigandine,= a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing. -Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.); also _brigantine_, Baret, -Alvearie. F. _brigandin_ (_brigantin_). - -=brigandine,= a coat-of-mail, corslet. Milton, Samson, 1120. - -=briggen-yrons,= brigand-irons, armour for the arms. Thersites, ed. -Pollard, l. 169. See =brigand-harness.= - -=brim,= fierce, esp. an epithet of the boar; ‘Never bore so brymme’, -Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 6. 5; ME. _brym_ (_brim_) fierce (Prompt.). -See =breme= (1). - -=brim,= (of reports, rumours) loudly current, much spoken of. -Throgmorton (NED., s.v. Breme 4); _brimme_, Warner, Albion’s England, -bk. iv. ch. 20, st. 35. See =breme= (2). - -=brimse,= a gadfly. Gosson, School of Abuse (Arber, 64); _brimsees_, -pl., Topsell, Serpents, 769. A Kentish word, ‘You have a brims in your -tail’, see EDD. (s.v. Brims). G. _bremse_; Icel. _brims_ (Fritzner). -Norw. dialect _brims_ (Aasen); Swed. _brems_. - -=brinch,= to pledge in drinking. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Halfpenie); -also written _brince_, to offer drink: ‘Luther first brinced to Germany -the poisoned cup’, Harding, in Jewel’s Works, IV, 335 (NED.). Cp. the -German expression, _Ich bring’s_ (_euch_), i.e. I drink to you, lit. I -bring it (to you). Cp. Ital. _brindisi_ (Florio). - -=brinded,= brindled, streaked; ‘The brinded cat’, Macbeth, iv. 1. 1. In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=bring:= phr. _to be with one to bring_: a phrase of various -application, but usually implying getting the upper hand in some way. -Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 304; Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady and -Welford); Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 503); Heywood, Wise Woman of -Hogsdon, i. 2 (Y. Chartley); Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12. 22. - -=brist:= phr. _full brist_, full burst, with sudden violence. Golding, -Metam. xi. 510; fol. 138 (1603). A northern form of OE. _berstan_, to -burst (EDD.). - -=brize,= a breeze, a gadfly. Spenser, Visions of the World’s Vanity, ii. -10; spelt _bryze_, F. Q. vi. 1. 24. The gadfly is called _briz_ in -Cheshire, Shropsh., and Gloucestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Breeze, sb.^{1}). -OE. _briosa_ (_breosa_). - -=brocage,= procuracy in immorality. Spenser, Introd. to Shep. Kal. -(beginning); Mother Hubbard’s Tale, 851. Also, bribery, mean practice, -Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 7. ME. _brocage_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -3375). Anglo-F. _brocage_, the action of an intermediary. - -=broche,= the ‘first head’ of a hart. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21; p. 52. -OF. _broche_. Med. L. _broca_, ‘cornu’ (Ducange). - -=broche, broach,= a spit. Morte Arthur, leaf 84. 34; bk. v, c. 5; ‘hazel -broach’, spit made of hazel-wood, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. ii. 545; -to pierce with a spit, to pierce, Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid i. -92. F. _broche_, a spit; _brocher_, to broach, to spit (Cotgr.). - -=brock,= a badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); ‘Brocke or -badger’, Huloet; applied as a term of contempt to a dirty stinking -fellow, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 114. ME. _broke_, ‘taxus’ (Prompt.). OE. -_broc_, cp. O. Irish _brocc_. In prov. use in various parts of England -and Scotland for the animal, and in Scotland in its transferred sense -(EDD.). - -=broken beer,= remnants or leavings of beer in pots and glasses. Founded -on the phrases _broken meat_, _bread_, or _victuals_, meaning fragments -of meat, &c. Cartwright, The Ordinary, i. 4 (Slicer). So also _broken -bread_, The London Chanticleers, sc. 1 (Heath). - -=broken music,= concerted music, music arranged for parts. As You Like -It, i. 2. 150; Hen. V, v. 2. 263; Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 52. - -=brokle,= brittle, frail. Sir T. Elyot, bk. iii, c. 19, § 1. See -=bruckle.= - -=bronstrops,= a prostitute. ‘A bronstrops is in English a hippocrene’, -Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Col.’s Friend); id. iv. 4 (Chough); -Webster, Cure for Cuckold, iv. 1. - -=brothel,= an abandoned wretch; ‘Go hence, thou brothel’, Calisto and -Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 82; ‘bitched brothel’, World and -Child, in the same, i. 254. ME. _brothell_, a worthless fellow (Gower, -C. A. vii. 2595). - -=brouse, brouze,= young shoots of trees, eaten by cattle. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 132. 3; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 45. - -=brown bill,= a weapon, a kind of halbert. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; King -Lear, iv. 6. 92. - -=bruckel’d,= begrimed, dirty. Herrick, The Temple, 58. In use in the -north country and in East Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Bruckle, vb.^{2}). - -=bruckle,= brittle, fragile. Puttenham, E. Poesie, p. 219. In prov. use -in various parts of England, and in Scotland and Ireland (EDD.). OE. -_brucol_. See =brokle, brickle.= - -=bruit,= a rumour, report. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 64; Timon, v. 1. 198; to -noise abroad, 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 114; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 68. F. _bruit_, -noise, rumour. - -†=brusle= (meaning doubtful), to crack (?). Fletcher, A Wife for a Month -ii. 6 (Camillo). Perhaps the same word as =brustle.= - -=brustle,= to parch, scorch, to crackle in cooking or burning, as in -Gower, C. A. iv. 2732. ‘He . . . brustleth as a monkes froise -(pancake)’. Hence, to make a noise like the waves of the sea, spelt -_brussel_, Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (Lopez). In prov. use in the -north, also in Kent and Sussex, in the sense of scorching, crackling; -see EDD. (s.v. Brustle, vb.^{2}). - -=brustle, brusle,= to raise the feathers, like a bird. Herrick, Hesp. -(ed. 1859, p. 122). - -=brutel,= brittle. Spelt _brutyll_, Morte Arthur, leaf 65, end; bk. iv, -c. 8 (end). ME. _brutel_, _brotel_ (Chaucer). - -=bub,= to bubble. Sackville, Induction, st. 69. - -=bubber,= a drinker of wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza). - -=bubble,= to delude with _bubbles_, or unsubstantial schemes; to cheat. -Etheredge, Love in a Tub, ii. 3 (Wheedle). - -=bubble,= one who can be easily ‘bubbled’; a dupe. Shadwell, Squire of -Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond Senior). - -=buck,= to steep or boil (clothes) in lye; ‘Bucke these shyrtes’, -Palsgrave; Puritan Widow, i. 1. 150; the quantity of clothes washed at -once, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 2. 52; _buck-basket_, basket for dirty linen, Merry -Wives, iii. 3. 2. Phr. _to beat a buck_, to beat clothes when being -washed, Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 2 (Spungius); _to drive a buck_, -to wash clothes, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii (end). See EDD. (s.v. -Buck, sb.^{2}). ME. _bouken_, to steep in lye (P. Plowman). OE. type -*_būcian_, cp. G. _bäuchen_, to steep in lye; also Ital. _bucata_, F. -_buée_, lye, a wash of clothes. - -=buckall,= the point of a horn; ‘You all know the device of the horn, -where the young fellow slips in at the butt-end, and comes squeezed out -at the _buckall_’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Touchstone). Here _buckall_ = -_buckle_, meaning the twisted or curled end of the horn, i.e. the -smaller end. Cp. prov. E. _buckle-horn_, a crooked or bent horn; -_buckle-mouthed_, having a twisted mouth (EDD.). - -=bucke,= the body of a chariot; ‘The axletree was massie gold, the -_bucke_ was massie golde’, Golding, Metam., ii. 107; fol. 16 (1603). In -E. Anglia ‘buck’ is still in use for the body of a cart or wagon; esp. -the front part, see EDD. (s.v. Buck, sb.^{6} 3); also pronounced _bouk_ -(Bouk, sb.^{1} 5). See NED. (s.v. Bulk, sb.^{1} 3. c). - -=buckle,= to prepare oneself, esp. by buckling on armour; ‘To teach -dangers to come on by over-early buckling towards them’, Bacon, Essay -21. _Buckle with_, to cope with, join in close fight with, 1 Hen. VI, i. -2. 95; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 19. Also _buckle_, to -bow, give way, 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 141; _buckled_, doubled up, Witch of -Edmonton, ii. 1. 4. - -=bud,= said of children; or used as a term of endearment. King John, -iii. 4. 82; ‘O my dear, dear bud’, Wycherley, Country Wife, ii. 1 (Mrs. -Pinchwife). A transferred sense of _bud_ (of a flower). - -†=bud;= ‘’Tis strange these varlets . . . should thus boldly Bud in your -sight, unto your son’, Fletcher, Monsieur Thomas, iv. 2 (Thomas). -Meaning unknown. - -=budge,= lamb’s fur. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 65. -_Budge-bachelor_, a bachelor or younger member of a company, who wore a -gown trimmed with _budge_ on Lord Mayor’s day (NED.). Hence, _budge -doctor_, a consequential person, Milton, Comus, 707. - -=buff ne baff,= never a word; ‘Saied to hym . . . neither buff ne baff’ -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 25. Caxton, Reynard (Arber, 106). -_Buff nor baff_ is a phr. in use in Leicestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Buff, -sb.^{5} 6). - -=buffe,= to bark gently; ‘_Buffe_ and barke’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Diogenes, § 140. A Yorksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Buff, vb.^{3} 1). - -=buffin,= a coarse cloth in use for gowns of the middle classes. -Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4 (Milliscent); Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). -See NED. - -=buffon= (búff-on), a buffoon. B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 3. 8. F. -_bouffon_. - -=bufo,= a term in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Subtle). ‘The -black tincture of the alchemists’ (Gifford). Only occurs in this -passage. L. _bufo_, lit. a toad. - -=bug,= an object of terror, bogey, hobgoblin. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 214; -Hamlet, v. 2. 22; Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor); ‘Thou shalt not -nede to be afrayed for eny bugges by night’, Coverdale, Ps. xc (xci), 5. -ME. _bugge_, ‘ducius’ (Prompt.). - -=bug words,= pompous, conceited words, Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 -(Marrall); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2 (Huntley). See EDD. (s.v. Bug, -adj. 1). - -=bulch,= to stave in the bottom of a ship. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, -Aeneid i. 132. Cp. _bulge_, the ‘bilge’, bottom of a ship’s hull (NED. -s.v. Bulge, sb. 4). - -=bulch,= a bull-calf; used as a term of endearment by a witch. Ford, -Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Sawyer). Still in prov. use in Scotland: ‘Sic a -bonnie bulch o’ a bairn’, a Banffshire expression (EDD.). - -=bulchin,= a bull-calf. Tusser, Husbandry, 33; Drayton, Pol. xxi. 65; -used as a term of endearment, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.); a -term of contempt, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). A -Shropsh. word for a calf; _fig._ a stout child (EDD.). See =bulkin.= - -=bulcking,= a term of endearment. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, i. 671. See -NED. (s.v. Bulkin). - -=bulk,= the belly, Lucrece, 467; the trunk, the body; spelt _boulke_. -Elyot, Castle Health (NED.); Richard III, i. 4. 40. - -=bulk,= a framework projecting from the front of a shop. Coriolanus, ii. -1. 226; Othello, v. 1. 1. - -=bulker,= a petty thief; also, a street-walker, prostitute. (Cant.) -Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (2 Bully). One who sleeps on a ‘bulk’, -one who steals from a ‘bulk’; see =bulk= (above). - -=bulkin,= a bull-calf; ‘A young white bulkin’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, -bk. xxviii, c. 12. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). See =bulchin.= - -=bull,= a jest; ‘To print his _jests_. _Hazard._ His _bulls_, you mean’, -Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3. - -=bull-beggar,= an object of terror, a hobgoblin. Middleton, A Trick to -Catch, i. 4 (near the end); A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (Host); -Bull-begger, ‘_larva_, _Terriculamentum_,’ Skinner (1671). Perhaps a -corruption of _bull-boggart_. See NED. - -=bulled,= swollen. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (George). Still in use -in Northamptonsh. and Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. _bolled_, swollen (NED.). - -=bullions.= The full form is _bullion-hose_ (NED.), a term applied to -trunk-hose, puffed out at the upper part, in several folds. ‘His bastard -bullions’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen) [_bastard_ is the -name of a kind of cloth]; _a pair of bullions_, The Chances, v. 2 -(John); _in the bullion_, i.e. wearing bullions, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, -ii. 2 (Pontalier). - -=bully-rook,= a familiar term of endearment, fine fellow. Merry Wives, -i. 3. 2; ii. 1. 200; Shirley, Gent. of Venice, iii. 1 (Thomazo). See -EDD. (s.v. Bully, sb.^{1}). - -=bum,= to strike, beat, thump. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 2 -(Spungius); Greene, James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). See EDD. (s.v. Bum, -vb.^{3} 1). - -=bum out,= to project; ‘What have you bumming out there?’ Rowley, A -Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim). - -=bum vay,= a familiar contraction of _by my fay_, by my faith. -Contention between Liberality and Prodigality, iv. 3, near the end; in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 364; _by my vay_, Wily Beguiled, Hazlitt, ix. -328. See EDD. (s.v. Fay, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _by my fey_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -1126). - -=bumb-blade.= (Cant.) Given in NED. as _bum-blade_, a large sword, -Massinger, City Madam, i. 2 (Page). - -=bump,= to make a noise like a bittern, to boom. Dryden, Wife of Bath, -194. _Bumping_, the boom of the bittern, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, -bk. iii. c. 27 (4). See EDD. (s.v. Bump, vb.^{2}). - -=bunch,= a company of teal; a technical word in falconry. Drayton, xxv. -63. In E. Anglia they speak of a ‘bunch’ of wild-fowl, see EDD. (s.v. -Bunch, sb.^{1} ii. 2). - -=bung,= a purse. (Cant.) Dekker, Roaring Girl (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. -217); a pick-pocket, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 138. - -=bunting,= fat, plump. In Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 1. 10. NED. -explains it as ‘plump’; but suggests that it may perhaps mean ‘butting’, -from the verb _bunt_, to butt. I was at first inclined to take the same -view; but the context decides altogether in favour of the adjective. In -l. 7, Faunus brings with him ‘The _fattest_, fairest fawn in all the -chace: I wonder how the knave could skip so fast.’; i.e. because he was -so fat. And Pan replies that he has brought with him an equally fat -lamb, viz. ‘A _bunting_ lamb; nay, pray you, feel no bones [i.e. you -can’t feel his bones]. Believe me now, my cunning much I miss If ever -Pan felt _fatter_ lamb than this’. See EDD. (s.v. Bunting, adj.^{1}). - -=burble,= to bubble. Spelt _burbyl_, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 8; -bk. xviii. c. 21; pres. pt. _burbelynge_, id. lf. 208. 17; bk. x. c. 2; -‘I boyle up or burbyll up as a water dothe in a spring’, _Je -bouillonne_, Palsgrave. See EDD. - -=burbolt,= a bird-bolt, a kind of blunt-headed arrow used for shooting -birds. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2 (Custance); Marston, What you -Will, Induction (Philomuse). - -=burden,= a staff, club. In Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 46. See =bordon.= - -=burdseat,= a board-seat, i.e. a stool. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, -Aeneid, iii. 408. - -=burgh;= See =burre= (2). - -=burgullian,= a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob). - -=burle,= to pick out from cloth knots, loose threads, &c.; ‘_Desquamare -vestes_, to burle clothe’, Cooper, Dict. (1565). Hence _Burling-iron_, a -pair of tweezers used in ‘burling’, Herrick, To the Painter, 10. In -prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Burl, vb. 1). ME. _burle clothe_, ‘extuberare’ -(Cath. Angl.). - -=Burmoothes,= the Bermudas. Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased, i. 2 (end). -See =Bermoothes.= - -=burnish,= to grow stout or plump, to fill out; said of the human frame. -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 37; vol. i, p. 345 b (1634); -Congreve, Way of the World, iii. 3 (Mrs. Marwood); ‘_Femme qui -encharge_, that grows big on’t, who burnishes, or whose belly -increases’, Cotgrave; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 390. In prov. use, -see EDD. - -=burnt,= branded as a criminal. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. v. 2 (Cat. -Bountinall). - -=burnt sack,= a particular kind of wine heated at the fire, Merry Wives, -ii. 1. 222; _burnt wine_, Heywood, Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Scapha); _burnt -claret_, The Tatler, no. 36, § 5 (1709). - -=burre,= the lowest of the tines on a stag’s horn. Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 21, p. 53. Still in use in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.^{1} 7), -where the word is defined, ‘the ball or knob of a stag’s horn at its -juncture with the skull’. See =antlier.= - -=burre,= an iron ring on a tilting spear, just behind the place for the -hand. ‘Burre or yron of a launce, &c.’, Florio, tr. of Montaigne, ii. -37; in form _burgh_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Moll). ME. -_burwhe_, sercle, ‘orbiculus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 268). See -EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.^{6}), and NED. (s.v. Burr, sb.^{1}). - -=burrough, borrow,= a pledge, a surety. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 -(Pan); v. 2 (Turfe). ME. _borwe_, a pledge (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1622). OE. -_borh_ (dat. _borge_). - -=Burse,= an Exchange; esp. the Royal Exchange built by Sir Thomas -Gresham in 1566; it contained shops. Massinger, City Madam, iii. 1. 13; -Middleton, The Roaring Girl, iv. 1 (Moll’s Song). F. _bourse_. - -=bursmen,= (perhaps) shopmen; ‘Welcome, still my merchants of _bona -speranza_ [i.e. gamblers]; . . what ware deal you in? . . Say, my brave -bursmen’, A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (beginning). I think the reference -is to keepers of shops in the Burse; see above. - -=bursten,= ruptured. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 3 (Savil). In -common prov. use (with various pronunciations), see EDD. (s.v. Burst, -vb. 2). - -=bushment,= an ambush. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. ME. _buschment_ -(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 269). - -=busine,= a trumpet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 199. 20; _busyne_, id., -lf. 187, back, 26. Anglo-F. _buisine_ (Ch. Rol., 3523), L. _buccina_. - -=buske,= a bush. Ralph, Roister Doister, i. 4 (M. Merygreek). ME. -_buske_, or busshe, ‘rubus’ (Prompt.). - -=buskets,= a spray, as of hawthorn. _May buskets_, sprays of ‘May’ or -hawthorn, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 10. See Dict. (s.v. Bouquet). - -=buskined,= wearing the buskins of tragedy; hence tragic, dignified. -‘The buskin’d scene’, Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1. 6; ‘buskin’d -strain’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 333. - -=busking,= an attiring; esp. the dressing of the head. Ascham, -Scholemaster, bk. i. (ed. Arber, p. 54). ME. _busken_, to get oneself -ready (Cursor M., 11585). See Dict. - -=buskle,= to prepare oneself; hence, to set out, start on a journey, set -to work, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid iii. 359 (ed. Arber, 81); to hurry -about, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 6, st. 51. Freq. of _busk_, -vb.; see above. - -=busk-point,= the lace, with its tag (or point), which secured the end -of the ‘busk’, or strip of wood in the front of the stays. Dekker, -Shoemaker’s Holiday, v. 2 (Hodge); Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 -(Maquerelle); How a Man may Choose, i. 3 (Fuller). - -=busky,= bushy. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 2. See =bosky.= - -=bustain,= (prob.) clothed in _bustian_ or _busteyn_, a cotton fabric of -foreign manufacture; used as a term of derision; ‘Penthesilea with her -bustain troopes’ (i.e. her Amazons). Heywood, Iron Age, pt. ii; vol. -iii, p. 368. OF. _bustanne_, ‘sorte d’étoffe fabriquée à Valenciennes’ -(Godefrey). - -=but,= except, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 82; Massinger, Renegado, i. 2; unless, -BIBLE, Amos iii. 17; _but if_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 16; iv. 8. 33. In -prov. use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. Wyclif, John xii. 24: ‘But a corn of -whete falle in to the erthe, and be deed, it dwellith alone.’ - -=but-bolt, butt-bolt,= an unbarbed arrow used in shooting at the butts. -Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Cuddy). See =butt-shaft.= - -=butin,= booty. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 277, back, 18. F. _butin_. - -=butter-box,= a contemptuous term for a (fat) Dutchman. Massinger, -Renegado, ii. 5. 8; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Fulgoso). - -=butter-print,= a humorous expression for a child, as bearing the stamp -of the parents’ likeness. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4. 10; -The Chances, i. 5 (Don John); Span. Curate, ii. 1 (Diego). - -=buttery-bar,= the horizontal ledge on the top of the _buttery-hatch_, -or half-door, to rest tankards on, Twelfth Nt., i. 3. 75. -_Buttery-hatch_, Heywood, Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Robin). A -‘buttery-hatch’ is still to be seen opposite the entrance to the -dining-hall in every college in Oxford. See NED. - -=button,= a bud. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 1. 6. ME. _botoun_ (Rom. Rose, -1721). OF. _bouton_, a bud (Rom. Rose); see Bartsch, 412. - -=buttons, to make,= to be in great fear. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 -(Sancho). See EDD. (s.v. Button, sb.^{1} 8 and 12). - -=butt-shaft,= an arrow (without a barb), for shooting at the butts. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); L. L. L. i. 2. 181. - -=buxom,= yielding, obedient; blithe, lively. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s -Tale, 626; Henry V, iii. 6. 28; Milton, L’Allegro, 24. See Dict. - -=buzzes,= for _burrs-es_, double pl. of _burr_; burrs; used of the rough -seed-vessels of some plants. Field, Woman a Weathercock, ii. 1 -(Scudmore). - -=by and by,= immediately. BIBLE, Matt. xiii. 21; Luke xxi. 9; Spenser, -F. Q. i. 8. 2. See Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=by-blow,= a bastard. Ussher, Annals, 499 (NED.); Cox, Registers, -Lambeth, A.D. 1688, p. 75. In common prov. use in the north of England -and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. By(e, 8 (4)). - -=by-chop,= a bastard. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 2 (Chair). - -=bye,= a secondary object; _bye and main,_ a term orig. used in dicing, -expressing different ways of winning. _To bar bye and main_, to prevent -entirely, stop altogether, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 -(Rosalura). - -=bye,= to pay the penalty for, atone for. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. 30. -Cp. ME. _abyen_, to buy off (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4393). See =aby.= - -=bynempt,= declared solemnly, promised with an oath. Spenser, F. Q. ii. -1. 60; Shep. Kal., July, 214. See =benempt.= - -=by’r lakin,= by our Lady-kin or little Lady (with reference to the -Virgin Mary). Temp. iii. 3. 1; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 14. So also -_Byrlady_, Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 2 (1 Gent.). In prov. use -from Yorksh. to Derbysh., see EDD. (s.v. Byrlakins). - -=byse,= greyish; light blue, or azure. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1158. -See Dict. (s.v. Bice). - -=bysse,= fine linen; also, a vague name for any fine or costly material. -Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. Dyce, v. 558; Peele, Honour of -the Garter, l. 88. OF. _bysse_, L. _byssus_, Gk. βύσσos, ‘fine linen’ -(Luke xvi. 19); Heb. _būts_, applied to the finest and most precious -stuffs as worn by persons of high rank or honour (1 Chron. iv. 21). - - - - - C - - -=cabage,= to cut off the head of a deer close behind his horns. -Turbervile, Hunting, xliii. 134; ‘I wyll cabage my dere, _je cabacheray -ma beste_’, Palsgrave. ME. _caboche_ (Book on Hunting; NED.). F. -(Picard) _caboche_, the head, see H. Estienne, Précellence, 175. 397. - -=cabbish,= a cabbage. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. -Twi.). A Yorksh. pronunc. (EDD.). - -=cabinet,= a cabin, hut, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 83; ‘(the -lark’s) moist cabinet’, Venus and Adonis, 854. - -=cabrito,= a kid. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). Span. -_cabrito_. - -=cacafugo,= a spitfire, a braggart, blustering fellow. Fletcher, Fair -Maid of the Inn, iii. 1. 8. Span. _cacafuego_. - -=cackler,= the domestic fowl. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed -(Jackman). - -=cackling-cheat;= see =cheat.= (Cant.) - -=cacokenny,= a purposely perverted form of _cacochymy_, an unhealthy -state of the humours or fluids of the body. Middleton, Anything for a -Quiet Life, iii. 2 (Sweetball). Gk. κακοχυμία. - -=caddess,= the jackdaw. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. 541; ‘A cadesse or a -dawe, _Monedula_’, Baret, Alvearie. An old Yorksh. word (EDD.). - -=caddow,= the jackdaw. Huloet, Dict. (1552); spelt _cadowe_, Golding, -Metam., vii. 468; Tusser, Husbandry, § 46. 28. ME. _cadow_(_e_, -‘monedula’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 313). - -=cade,= a young animal brought up by hand; usually, a pet-lamb; rarely, -a foal. ‘The _Cade_ which cheweth the Cudde’ (here, apparently, a calf), -Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, iii. 4 (Ambidexter). In prov. use in -various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cade, sb.^{3} 1). ME. a _cade_, -‘ovis domestica’ (Cath. Angl.). - -=cade, oil of,= oil from the prickly cedar. _Oyle of Cade_, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 66; p. 187. F. _cade_, the prickly cedar (Cotgr). - -=caitif,= a captive. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 794; _caitifes_, unhappy -men, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii. 253. Also, mean, niggardly, Sir T. -Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. 2, § 3. Norm. F. ‘_caitif_, malheureux, -misérable, captif’ (Moisy); cp. Prov. _caitiu_, ‘captif, chétif, -misérable, mauvais, méchant’ (Levy). Celto-L. type *_cactivum_, L. -_captivum_. - -=calambac,= an Eastern name of aloes-wood or eagle-wood. A Knack to know -a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 571. Malay _kalambak_. See NED. - -=caldesed, chaldesed,= cheated. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 1010; Elephant -in the Moon, 494. Coined from Chaldees, pl. of Chaldee, a Chaldean, an -astrologer. - -=Calipolis,= the wife of the Moor in Peele’s play, Battle of Alcazar, -ii. 3: ‘Feed, then, and faint not, fair Calipolis.’ Hence Pistol has: -‘Feed, and be fat, my fair Calipolis’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 193; and -Heywood has: ‘To feed, and be fat, my fine Cullapolis’, Royal King -(Captain), vol. vi, p. 30. Those who consult Peele’s play will find the -quotation to be extremely humorous. Pistol’s words occur again in -Marston, What you Will, v. 1. 1. - -=calke,= to calculate. Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 15; _kalked_, pp.; -id. Clarence, st. 26. Short for _calcule_, F. _calculer_, L. -_calculare_. - -=calker, calcar,= a calculator, an astrologer; ‘_Calkers_ of mens -byrthes’, Coverdale, Isaiah ii. 6; _calcars_, Sir T. Wyatt, Song of -Jopas, 60; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 95. - -=calkins,= the turned-up ends of the horse-shoe which raise the heels -from the ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 4. 68; ‘_Rampone_, a calkin in a -horses shoon to keepe him from sliding’, Florio. This word, with various -pronunciations, is in prov. use in many parts of England from Lancash. -to Shropsh. and Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Calkin). OF. _calcain_, heel -(Godefrey). L. _calcaneum_, heel (Vulg., John xiii. 18). - -=callet,= a lewd woman, a tramp’s concubine. Othello, iv. 2. 122. B. -Jonson, Volpono, iv. 1 (Lady P.); ‘_Paillarde_, a strumpet, callet’, -Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland, Yorksh., and Lancash., see EDD. -(s.v. Callet, sb.^{1} 1). A Gipsy word, see Englische Studien, XXII -(ann. 1895). - -=callot, calotte,= a coif worn on the wig of a serjeant-at-law, a -skull-cap. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Bias); Etheredge, She Would if -she Could, iii. 3 (Sir Joslin). F. _calotte_, dimin. of _cale_, a caul. - -†=callymoocher,= a term of abuse. Only occurs in Middleton, Mayor of -Queenborough, iii. 3 (Oliver). - -=calophantic,= making a show of excellence; hypocritical. ‘Calophantic -Puritaines’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 53, st. 21. Gk. -καλό-ς, fair + -φαντης, one who shows, from φαίνειν, to show. - -=calvered salmon,= fresh salmon prepared in a particular way; sometimes, -apparently, pickled salmon. Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1 (Gasparo). -ME. _calvar_, ‘as samone or oder fysch’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. -320). - -=cambrel,= a crooked stick with notches on it, on which butchers hang -their meat. Also _cambren_, see Phillips (1706). Wel. _cambren_; _cam_ -crooked, and _pren_ wood, stick. In prov. use in Scotland, and in -England, from the Border as far south as Warwick, see EDD. (s.v. -Cambrel, sb.^{1}). See =gambrel.= - -=cambrel,= the hock of an animal; spelt _camborell_. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 107. 3; ‘His crooked cambrils’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, -Nymphal, x. 20; ‘_Chapelet du jarret_, the cambrel hogh of a horse’, -Cotgrave. See EDD. - -=camisado,= a night attack by soldiers; orig. one in which the attacking -soldiers wore shirts over their armour, that they might recognize one -another. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 297; Gascoigne, Jocasta, Act ii, sc. -2, l. 56. Span. _camiçada_, ‘a camisado, assault’ (Minsheu). _Camiça_, -_camisa_, ‘a shirt’, id. Late L. _camisia_, a shirt (Jerome). See NED. -(s.v. Chemise). - -=cammock, camocke,= a crooked tree; esp. one that is artificially bent. -Lyly, Euphues, pp. 46, 408; Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 579, col. 2. ME. -_cambok_, ‘pedum’ (Voc. 666. 27); Med. L. _cambuca_, ‘baculus -incurvatus’ (Ducange). - -=camois=(=e.= Of the nose: low and concave; ‘a Camoise nose, crooked -upwarde as the Morians’, Baret, Alvearie; ‘Camously croked’, Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 28; _camused_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). F. -_camus_, having a short and flat nose (Cotgr.). - -=camomile;= said to grow the more, when the more trodden upon. 1 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 441; Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Mis. Carol). - -=camouccio,= a term of reproach. B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 3 -(Sogliardo); spelt _camooch_, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable -(Lazarillo). Perhaps Ital. _camoscio_, the chamois. - -=can,= a wooden measure for liquor. Phr. _burning of cans_, branding -measures, to show that they were of legal capacity; B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus). - -=Can,= a lord, prince; ‘A great Emperor in Tartary whom they call Can’, -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11; p. 106. See Dict. (s.v. Khan). - -=can,= _pres. indic._, know; ‘Unlearned men that can no letters’, Foxe, -Martyrs (ed. 1684, ii. 325); ‘Can you a remedy for the tysyke?’ Skelton, -Magnyf. 561; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). ME. ‘I can a -noble tale’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3126). See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.^{1} 1). - -=can,= used as an auxiliary of the past tense; ‘Tho can she weepe’, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 50; ‘He can her fairely greet’, id. i. 4. 46. ME. -very common in Cursor M.; e.g. ‘Moses fourti dais can (v.r. gan) þer-on -duell’, 6462. See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.^{2} 2). - -=canaglia,= canaille, rabble. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. -_canaglia_, ‘base and rascally-people, only fit for dogs company’ -(Florio). - -=canary,= a quick and lively dance. All’s Well, ii. 1. 77; pl. -_canaries_, Middleton, Women beware, iii. 2 (Ward); to dance, L. L. L. -iii. 12. - -=canceleer, cancelier,= a hawking term. A hawk _canceleers_ when, in -stooping, she turns two or three times upon the wing, to recover herself -before she seizes the prey. Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a turn -or two in the air, Drayton, Pol. xx. 229. OF. (Picard) _canceler_ (F. -_chanceler_), to swerve, waver. - -=candle:= phr. _to hold a candle to the devil_, to assist an evil -person, to persevere in evil courses. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 316 -(Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1). Cp. the Gloucestersh. saying, ‘To offer a -candle to the devil’, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 2 (5)). - -=candles’ ends,= bits of lighted candle swallowed as flapdragons; see -=flapdragon.= Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, ii. 2. 24; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 267. - -=candle-waster,= one who sits up late, and so wastes candles; a student, -or a rake. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Much Ado, v. 1. -A Somerset expression, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 1 (22)). - -=cane,= a ‘khan’, an Eastern inn. G. Sandys, Trav. p. 57. See Stanford -(s.v. Khan). Arab, _khān_, a building (unfurnished) for the -accommodation of travellers (Dozy, Glossaire, 83). See =hane.= - -=canicular,= due to the dog-star. _Canicular aspect_, influence of the -dog-star, excessive heat, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 3 (2083); p. 144, -col. 1. ‘Of the canicular or dog-days’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors; -bk. iv, ch. 13. L. _canicula_, dog-star (Horace). - -=canion,= an ornamental roll laid in a set like sausages round the ends -of the legs of breeches; ‘French hose . . . with _Canions_ annexed -reaching down beneath their knees’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (see -Furnivall, 56). ‘_Chausses à queue de merlus_, round breeches with -strait cannions’, Cotgrave. Span. _cañon_, a tube, pipe, gun-barrel. - -=canker,= a caterpillar, a canker-worm. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 3; -Milton, Lycidas, 45. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Canker, sb.^{2} -6). ME. _cankyr_, ‘teredo’ (Prompt.). - -=canker,= the dog-rose. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 176. Cp. the prov. words -_canker-ball_, the mossy excrescence on a wild rose-bush, _canker-bell_, -the bud of a wild rose, _canker-berry_, the ‘hip’ of a wild rose, -_canker-rose_, ‘Rosa canina’, the wild rose (EDD).). - -=cankered,= ill-tempered. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 3; King John, ii. 1. -194. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). - -=cannakin,= a small can; ‘Let me the cannakin clinke’, Othello, ii. 3. -71. - -=cannel:= _Cannel bone_; ‘The neck-bone or windpipe’, Phillips, Dict.; -Golding, tr. Metam. 284; the collar-bone, Holland, Plutarch’s Mor. 409; -spelt _canell_: _canell of the necke_ (?), the nape of the neck, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 348. 10. Cp. _cannell-bone_ (Lancash.), and -_channel-bone_ (Somerset) in prov. use for the collar-bone (EDD.). OF. -(Picard) _canel_, a channel; F. _canneau du col_, ‘the nape of the neck’ -(Cotgr.). - -=canon-bitt,= a smooth round bit for horses. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37; -‘_Canon_, a canon-bitt for a horse’, Cotgrave. O. Prov. _canon_, a tube -(Levy). - -=canstick,= a candlestick. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 131. Still in use in -Berks. (EDD.). - -=cant,= a corner, a niche; ‘Irene or Peace, she was placed aloft in a -cant’, B. Jonson, James I’s Entertainment (1603); Warner, Monuments of -Honour (ed. Dyce, 369) See EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb.^{3} 1). Norm. F. _cant_, -‘angle’ (Moisy). - -=cant,= a piece, portion. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 45. A Kentish term, -see EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb^{4} 2). Cp. M. Du. _kant_ (Verdam). - -=canted,= tilted up, thrown up. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, iii. -211. See EDD. (s.v. Cant, vb.^{3} 9 (1)). E. Fris. _kanten_, ‘etwas auf -die Seite legen’ (Koolman). - -=canter,= one who _cants_, a vagrant. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 -(P. Can.). - -=cantharides,= a kind of flies; Spanish flies; sometimes Aphides. -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, viii. 54. Used as a stimulant, Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, iv. 1 (Cleremont). L. _cantharides_, pl. of -_cantharis_; Gk. κανθαρίς, blister-fly. - -=canting out,= singing out, in a beggar’s whine; ‘’Tis easier _canting -out_, “A piece of broken bread for a poor man”, than singing “Brooms, -maids, brooms: come, buy my brooms”,’ The London Chanticleers, scene 1 -(Heath). - -=cantle,= a part, portion; ‘_Liron de pain_, a cantle of bread’, -Cotgrave; ‘A cantel _pars, portio_’, Levins. Manipulus. ME. _cantel_, -‘minutal’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 324). OF. (Picard) _cantel_ = F. -_chanteau_, ‘a corner-piece or piece broken off from the corner, hence, -a cantel of bread’ (Cotgr.). - -=cantle,= to portion out, Dekker, Whore of Babylon, i. 1. 9; Dryden, -Juvenal’s Satire, vii. - -=cantore,= counting-house, office; ‘A Dutchman’s money i’ th’ -_Cantore_’, Butler, Abuse of human learning (Remains i. 211). Du. -_kantoor_, F. _comptoir_, a counter. - -=cantred,= a hundred; a district containing 100 townships. Spenser, View -of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 676, col. 1. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, 398. -Wel. _cantref_, a cantred; _cant_, a hundred + _tref_, a town. See -Ducange (s.v. Cantredus). - -=canvas:= phr. _to receive the canvas_, to get the sack; i.e. to be -dismissed. Shirley, The Brothers, ii. 1 (Luys); _give the canvas_, to -dismiss, Hyde Park, i. 1 (end). - -=canvasado,= a night attack by soldiers. Merry Devil, i. 1. 44. App. a -perverted form of =camisado,= q.v.; due to confusion with _canvass_, -vb., to knock about, to assault (NED.). - -=cap,= to arrest. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 -(Host). From. L. _capias_, the name of a writ; _writ of capias_, a writ -of arrest. - -=cap a-huff, to set,= to cock one’s cap or hat, to put on a swaggering -appearance. Greene, James IV, iv. 4. 13. See =huff-cap.= - -=cap of maintenance,= a kind of hat or cap worn as a symbol of official -dignity, or carried before a sovereign or a high dignitary in -processions. In the 17th cent. and later it is mentioned chiefly as -borne, together with the sword, before the Lord Mayor, and before the -Sovereign at his coronation. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1; A Woman never -vext, i. 1 (Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Maintenance). - -=capadochio,= a prison. Puritan Widow, i. 3. 56; ‘in _Caperdochy_, i’ -tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72; spelt _Capperdochy_, id. p. -86. App. for _Cappadocia_ (a bit of university slang). - -=cap-case,= a bandbox, cover, basket. Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 4 -(De F.); a small travelling-bag, Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 3 (Philogano). - -=caper,= a privateer, cruiser. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin). -Du. _kaper_, a privateer (Sewel, ed. 1766). - -=capilotade,= a kind of hash, or mixed dish; hence, a hash, a made-up -story. ‘What a capilotade of a story’s here!’ Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, -iii. 2 (Flippanta). F. _capilotade_, ‘a capilotadoe, or stued meat’, &c. -(Cotgr.). - -=capnomanster,= one who divines from the way in which smoke rises from -an altar. For _capnomancer_, Birth of Merlin, iv. 1. 62. From -_capnomancy_, divination by smoke. Gk. καπνομαντεία. - -=capocchia,= a simpleton. In Tr. and Cr. iv. 2. 33. Fem. of Ital. -_capocchio_, ‘a doult, a noddie’ (Florio). - -=capot,= in the game of piquet, the winning of all the tricks by one -player, which scores 40. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, ii. 2 (Wildair); -to win all the tricks at the game of piquet against another; ‘I have -_capotted_ her’, id. i. 1 (Fireball). F. _faire capot_ (Dict. de -l’Acad., ed. 1762). - -=cappadocian.= In Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, v. 1, Eyre, who had come -to be Lord Mayor of London, says that he had promised ‘the mad -_Cappadocians_’, who had been his fellow-apprentices, that he would -feast them if he ever attained to that dignity. I think it is evidently -a jocose expression for _mad-caps_, with a punning reference to the -_cap_, i.e. the _flat-cap_, which was the special headgear of the London -apprentice, and to which frequent references are made. Just below he -varies it to ‘my fine dapper Assyrian lads’. - -=caprich,= a freak, a whim, fancy, sudden giddy thought. Butler, -Hadibras, ii. 1. 18; printed _capruch_, Shirley, Example, ii. 1 -(Vainman). Ital. _capriccio_, ‘a sudden fear apprehended, making one’s -hair to stand on end’ (Florio); lit. the bristling of the head (_capo_ + -_riccio_); see note on ‘Caprice’, by A. L. Mayhew, in Mod. Lang. Rev., -July, 1912. - -=capricious,= witty. As You Like It, iii. 3. 8; Heywood, The Fair Maid, -iii. 2 (Roughman). - -=capte,= capacity. Only in Udall: tr. of Apoph., Preface, p. vi (1877); -fol. 23, back (1542); id. Cicero, § 45. - -=capuccio,= a hood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 10. Ital. _capuccio_, a -cowl. - -=carabin=(=e, carbine,= a mounted musketeer. Beaumont and Fl., Wit -without Money, v. 1 (Merchant). F. _carabin_, ‘cavalier qui porte une -carabine’ (Dict. de l’Acad.). - -=caract,= worth, value. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum., iii. 3. 23 (Kitely); -Volpone, i. 1 (Corvino); Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). - -=caract, carect,= a mark, sign, character. Meas. for M. v. 1. 56; _holy -Carects_, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Golding, De Mornay, iii. 37. ME. -_carect_ (Wyclif, Apoc. xx. 4). Prov. _caracta_, ‘marque, caractère’ -(Levy). Norm. F. _caractes_, pl. caractères magiques (Moisy). L. -_caracter_ (Vulg., Apoc. xx. 4), Gk. χαρακτήρ. - -=caravan= (Cant), an object inviting plunder; hence, a dupe, one easily -cheated. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1; iv. 1 (Belfond Senior). - -=caravel, carvel,= a kind of light ship. Eden, Three Books on America -(ed. Arber, p. 45). Spelt _carvel_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, -i. 2. 15. F. _caravelle_, Ital. _caravella_, Port. _caravéla_. - -=carbonado,= a piece of flesh scored across and grilled upon coals. -Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. 47; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 199; Lyly, Sapho, -ii. 3. 175; to make a ‘carbonado’ of, King Lear, ii. 2. 42. Span. -_carbonada_, ‘a carbonado on the coles’ (Minsheu). - -=carcanet,= a collar or necklace of jewels. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 4; -‘Captain jewels in the carcanet’, Sonnet 52. 8. Cp. F. _carcan_, ‘une -espèce de chaîne ou de collier de pierreries’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). - -=card,= a chart; esp. the circular card on which the points of the -compass were marked. Macbeth, i. 3. 17; Fletcher, Loyal Subject, iii. 2 -(Archas). _To speak by the card_, i.e. with the precision shown by such -a card, Hamlet, v. 1. 149. ‘Climes that took up the greatest part o’ th’ -card’, i.e. of the map, Heywood, If you know not me (Medina), vol. i. p. -334. - -=card,= to play at cards. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers, ed. Arber, -p. 25. _To card a rest_, to set up a rest, at the game of primero (see -=rest=), Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 32. - -=cardecu,= an old silver coin, a quarter of a crown. All’s Well, iv. 3. -314; v. 2. 35. F. _quart d’écu_. - -=carduus benedictus,= the Blessed Thistle, noted for its medicinal -properties. Much Ado, iii. 4. 72; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 -(Galatea). See Sin. Barth. 14. - -=care:= phr. _to take care for_, to give attention to. BIBLE, 2 Kings -xxii, and Esther vi (contents). - -=carect, carrect,= a carrack, a ship of burden. ‘Carects or hulks’, -North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 36 (in Shak. Plut., p. 213, n. -3); _carrects_, pl., Com. Errors, iii. 2. 140. Med. L. _carraca_, see -Ducange, and Dozy, Glossaire (s.v. Caraca). - -=careful,= anxious, solicitous. Titus And. iv. 4. 84; Milton, P. L. iv. -983; BIBLE, Dan. iii. 16. ME. _careful_, full of care, sorrowful -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 1565). - -=carfe,= an incision, cut. Golding, Metam. viii. 762; fol. 104, bk. -(1603) ‘Carf’ is in prov. use for the incision or notch made by a saw or -axe in felling timber (EDD.). - -=cargazon,= a cargo; ‘A cargazon of complements’, Howell, Foreign -Travell, sect. xv, p. 67. Also, a list of goods shipped; Hakluyt, vol. -ii, pt. 1, p. 217. Span. _cargazon_, cargo. - -=cargo,= used as an exclamation. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, -iv (Butler); Tomkis, Epil. to Albumazar. In both cases the context -refers to great riches. - -=cark=(=e,= anxiety, grief. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 44; Massinger, Roman -Actor, ii. 1 (Paris); ‘_Esmoy_, cark, care, thought, sorrow, heaviness’, -Cotgrave; Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in the north country; gen. in -phr. _cark and care_ (EDD.). ME. _cark_(_e_, anxiety (Gamelyn, 760). -Anglo-F. _cark_ (_kark_), charge, load (Rough List). The Norman and -Picard form of Central F. _charge_. See Dict. _Cark_(_e_, to be anxious; -‘I carke, I care, I take thought’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. -15; Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia, 107. - -=carl,= a countryman, a churl. Cymb. v. 2. 4; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54. -Icel. _karl_, a man, also, one of the common folk; opposed to _jarl_, as -OE. _ceorl_ to _eorl_. - -=carl,= to act as a carl or churl, to snarl. Return from Parnassus, last -scene (Furor). The verb is given as a north Yorksh. word in EDD. (s.v. -Carl, sb.^{1} 3). - -=carlot,= a peasant. As You Like It, iii. 5. 108. - -=carnadine,= a carnation-coloured stuff. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet -Life, ii. 2. 4. Ital. _carnadino_, a flesh-colour (Florio); _carne_, -flesh. - -=carnifex,= a hangman; hence, a scoundrel. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). L. _carnifex_, an executioner. - -=caroche,= a luxurious kind of carriage. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, -p. 6); Duchess of Malfi, iv. 2; Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Leonora). F. -_carroche_ (Cotgr.). Ital. _carroccio_, a carriage, a ‘caroche’. - -=carosse,= a carriage. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. i (D’Escures). F. -_carosse_ (Cotgr.); Med. F. _carrosse_. - -†=carpell.= Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 401, col. 1. Sense unknown. - -=carpet,= a table-cloth, a table-cover. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2 -(Truewit); Staple of News, i. 2. 2; ‘a carpet to cover the table’, -Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Jenkin); ‘carpets for their tables’, -Heylin, Hist. of the Reformation, To the Reader. It was in this sense -that a matter was said to be ‘on the carpet’ (i.e. of the -council-table). See Trench, Select Glossary. - -=carpet-knight,= a contemptuous term for a knight whose achievements -belong rather to the carpet (the lady’s boudoir) than to the field of -battle; ‘_Mignon de couchette_, a Carpet-knight, one that ever loves to -be in women’s chambers’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, i. 1 -(Alberto). There was once an order of Knights of the Carpet, so called -to distinguish them from knights that are dubbed for service in the -field. See NED. - -=carriage,= that which is carried, baggage. BIBLE, 1 Sam. xvii. 22; Acts -xxi. 15; ‘Carriages of an army are termed _impedimenta_’, Fuller, -Worthies of England, Norfolk; manner of carrying one’s body, bodily -deportment, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 472; demeanour, behaviour, Com. Errors, -iii. 2. 14; moral conduct, Timon, iii. 2. 89; Fletcher, Love’s -Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Sanchio); Island Princess, ii. 6. 12. - -=carricado,= a movement in fencing. Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler); -Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 57. See NED. (s.v. Caricado). - -=carvel;= see =caravel=. - -=carwitchet, carwhitchet,= a pun, quibble, conundrum. B. Jonson, Barth. -Fair, v. 1 (Leath.); Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Morello). See NED. -(s.v. Carriwitchet), and Nares (s.v. Carwhichet). - -=case,= a pair; ‘This case of rapiers’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 -(description of _Wrath_); ‘A case (pair) of matrons’, B. Jonson, Case is -altered, ii. 3. 1; ‘a case of pistols’, Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 -(Rogers); ‘two case of jewels’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 46). - -=case,= to skin. All’s Well, iii. 6. 111; ‘A cased rabbit’, Dryden, -Span. Friar, v. 2 (Gomez); Vanbrugh, Provok’d Wife, iv. 1 (Taylor). -Still in use in the north and the W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Case, -sb.^{1} 6). - -=casible,= a chasuble. Middleton, A Game at Chess, i. 1 (Blk. Knt.’s -Pawn). Med. Lat. _casibula_ (Ducange, s.v. Casula). - -=caskanet,= a word common in the 17th cent., used sometimes in the sense -of a necklace set with jewels (or _carcanet_), sometimes in the sense of -a _casket_. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Jolenta); Lingua, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 426. See NED. - -=cass,= to cashier, dismiss; ‘_Malandrin_, a cassed soldier’, Cotgrave. -The pp. was confused with _cast_, and so spelt. ‘Pontius, you are cast’, -Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, ii. 3 (Aëcius). F. _casser_, ‘to break, -to casse, casseere, discharge, turn out of service’ (Cotgr.). Prov. -_casar_, ‘casser, briser’ (Levy). - -=cassan, casson,= cheese. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 83. _Casson_, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Cp. Du. _kaas_, a cheese. - -=cassock,= a soldier’s cloak or long coat. All’s Well, iv. 3. 191; B. -Jonson, Every Man, ii (near the end). The military use is the original; -so F. _casaque_, Span. and Port. _casaca_, and Ital. _casacca_. Cp. MHG. -_casagân_, a horseman’s coat (Schade). Probably of Persian origin -(through the Arabic), see NED. - -=cast,= for _cassed_; see =cass.= - -=caster,= one who casts dice, in gaming. The _setter_ is one who _sets_, -or proposes, the amount of the stake against him. If the setter wants to -propose a very high stake, he says—_ware the caster!_ i.e. let him -beware. The caster usually says _at all!_ i.e. I cast against all -setters; but he may limit the amount of the stake. Massinger, City -Madam, iv. 2 (Tradewell). - -=caster,= a cant term for a cloak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -Harman, Caveat, p. 82. - -=casting,= anything given to a hawk to cleanse and purge her gorge. -Massinger, Picture, iv. 1 (Ubaldo). - -=casting-bottle,= a bottle for sprinkling perfumes. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Livia). So also -_casting-glass_, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Macilente). - -=castrel,= a kestrel, a base kind of hawk. Fletcher, The Pilgrim, i. 1 -(Alphonso); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). F. _cercerelle_, a -kestrel (Cotgr.). - -=cat,= in military phrase; a lofty work used in fortifications and -sieges. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter); Shirley, Honoria, -i. 2. This military work was also called a =cavalier,= q.v. See NED. -(s.v. Cat, sb.^{1} 6 b). - -=Cataian,= a _Cathaian_, an inhabitant of Cathay; hence a thief, a -scoundrel; because the Chinese were thought to be clever thieves, Merry -Wives, ii. 1. 148; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See -Nares. - -=cataphract,= a horse-soldier, protected (as well as his horse) with a -coat-of-mail. Milton, Samson, 1619. Gk. κατάφρακτος, one completely -protected. - -=catasta,= a jocose term for the stocks. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 259. -L. _catasta_, a stage on which slaves were exposed for sale; Med. L. -_catasta_, an engine of torture (Ducange). - -=catastrophe,= conclusion; (humorously) the posteriors. L. L. L. iv. 1. -77; (2) 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 66; Merry Devil, ii. 1. 10. - -†=Catazaner,= only in Shirley, Ball, v. 1 (Freshwater). Perhaps a -misprint for _Catayaner_ = =Cataian,= q.v. - -=cater,= a caterer, purveyor, buyer of provisions. Massinger, City -Madam, ii. 1 (Luke); Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 26. ME. _catour_ (Gamelyn, -321), for Anglo-F. _acatour_, a buyer. See Dict. - -=cater-tray,= lit. ‘four-three’; alluding to the four and three on -opposite faces of a die. Hence _stop-cater-tray_, the name of a false or -loaded die. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. 1 (Dique). See =quatre.= - -=Catherine pear,= a small and early variety of pear. Suckling, Ballad on -Wedding. _Catherine-pear-coloured_, of a light red colour, used of a -lady’s complexion, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime). [Cp. Crabbe, Tales of -the Hall, ‘’Twas not the lighter red, that partly streaks The Catherine -pear that brighten’d o’er her cheeks’ (x. 599).] - -=catlings,= catgut strings for a violin. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 306. - -=catso,= a rogue, a scamp. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, ii. 1 -(Carlo); also as interj., ‘Cat-so! let us drink’, Motteux, Rabelais, v. -8 (NED.). Ital. _cazzo_, an interjection of admiration, as some women -cry suddenly (Florio); _cazzo_, ‘membrum virile’. - -=catstick,= a stick or bat used in playing tip-cat or trap-ball. -Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); Middleton, Women beware Women, -i. 2 (Ward). - -=catzerie,= roguery. Only in Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 12. - -=cauled,= having or adorned with a caul or close-fitting cap; ‘My cauled -countenance’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 327. -ME., P. Plowman, C. xvii. 351. - -=causen,= to give reasons. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 26. Med. L. _causare_. -(Ducange). - -=cautel=(=e,= wariness, caution. Elyot, Governour, i. 4; a crafty -device, trickery, Hamlet, i. 3. 15. OF. _cautele_, L. _cautela_ (in -Roman Law) precaution. Anglo-F. _cautele_, deceit (Rough List). - -=cautelous,= cautious, wary. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Wit.); -Spenser, View of Ireland (Globe ed. 619); crafty, wily, Coriolanus, iv. -1. 33. - -=cavalier=(=o.= Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, ii. 4. 83; iii. 2. 81. Span. -_cavalléro_, ‘in Fortification, a Cavalier, or Mount, which is an -Elevation of Earth with a platform for Canon on it, to overlook other -Works’ (Stevens, 1706); cp. Ital. _cavagliére a cavállo_ (Florio). F. -_cavalier_, ‘se dit d’une pièce de fortification de terre fort élevée, & -où l’on met du canon’ (Dict. de l’Acad., ed. 1762). - -=cavallerie,= an order of chivalry; ‘The knighthood and cavallerie of -Rome’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 460; the collective name for horse-soldiers, -Bacon, Hen. VII, 74; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 3 (Gonzaga). F. -_cavallerie_, ‘horsemanship; horsemen’ (Cotgr.). - -=cavell,= a mean fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2217; Lyndesay, Satyre, -2863. See Jamieson. - -=caveson,= a strong nose-piece for a horse, a kind of curb; ‘The -Lithuanians, sir, . . . must Be rid with _cavesons_’, Sir J. Suckling, -Brennoralt, iii. 1; ed. Hazlitt, vol. ii, p. 104. F. _caveçon_, ‘a -cavechine or cavasson for a horse’s nose’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _cavezzone_, -augmentative of _cavezza_ a halter; Med. L. _capitia_, _capitium_, a -head-covering (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. _cavesson_). - -=cazimi, cazini:= in phr. _in cazimi_, ‘a Planet is in the heart of the -Sunne, or in Cazimi, when he is not removed from him 17 minutes’, Lilly, -Astrology, xix. 113; ‘In cazini of the sun’, Massinger, City Madam, ii. -2 (Stargaze); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 6; Selden’s notes to Drayton, -Pol. xiv (near the end). - -=cecchin,= a sequin, gold coin. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2. Ital. -_zecchino_, ‘a coin of gold current in Venice’ (Florio). See =chequin.= - -=cedule,= a slip or scroll of parchment or paper containing writing. -Caxton, Golden Legend, 114; spelt _cedle_, Morte Arthur, leaf 421, back, -5, bk. xxi, ch. 2; spelt _sedyl_ (same page). OF. _cedule_; Med. Lat. -_cedula_, _scedula_ (Ducange), dimin. of _sceda_, _scheda_. See NED. -(s.v. Schedule). - -=cee,= a small portion of beer; marked in the buttery-book of a college -with the letter _c_, which denoted one-sixteenth of a penny, or half a -_cue_, as being its price. ‘Eate _cues_, drunk _cees_’, 1 Part of -Jeronimo, ii. 3. 9; see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 367. ‘_Cues_ and _cees_’, -Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16, ed. Arber, p. 38. See =cue.= - -=cellar,= a case or stand for holding bottles. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, -iii. 1 (last line). - -=cemitare,= a ‘scimitar’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 3. F. _cimeterre_ -(Cotgr.), Span. _cimitarra_. - -=censure,= judgement, opinion, Richard III, ii. 2. 144; to form or give -an opinion, to estimate, ‘How you are censured here in the city’, -Coriolanus, ii. 1. 25. - -=cent,= a game at cards; also spelt _saint_, _sant_; it seems to have -resembled piquet. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One; Triumph of Death, -sc. 5 (Gentille); Shirley, Example, iii. 1 (Confident). So called, -because 100 was ‘game’. See Nares. - -=centener,= a centurion. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (Shak. -Plut., p. 237, n. 2); _centiner_, id. § 3 (p. 235, n. 2). F. _centenier_ -(Cotgr.), L. _centenarius_, consisting of a hundred; = centurio -(Vegetius, fl. A.D. 385). - -=cento,= a patched garment; ‘His apparel is a cento’, Shirley, Willy -Fair, ii. 2; used _fig._, ‘There is under these centoes and miserable -outsides . . . a soule of the same alloy with our owne’, Sir T. Browne, -Rel. Medici, pt. 2, § 13. L. _cento_, a garment of patchwork. - -=centre,= the centre of the earth, which was supposed to be also the -fixed centre of the universe; ‘The firm centre’, Webster, Appius, i. 3 -(Mar. Claudius). - -=centrinel, centronel,= a sentinel. Young, Diana, 120 (NED.); Marlowe, -Dido, ii. 1. 323 (Venus). - -=cerastes,= a horned snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. κεράστης. - -=ceration,= a reducing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. -1 (Face). L. _cera_, wax. - -=cere,= to cover with wax, to shroud in a cere-cloth; ‘Then was the -bodye . . . embawmed and cered’, Hall, Hen. VIII, ann. 5. L. _cerare_, -to wax; _cera_, wax. - -=cere-cloth,= the linen cloth dipped in melted wax to be used as a -shroud. Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 51; cp. _cerements_, Hamlet, i. 4. 48. See -=sear-cloth.= - -=certes,= certainly. Temp. iii. 3. 30; Com. Errors, iv. 4. 77. F. -_certes_, truly (Cotgr.), O. Prov. _certas_ (Levy). - -=cestron,= a ‘cistern’. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 52. - -=cetywall,= see =setwall.= - -=ch,= a form of _ich_, _utch_, southern form of the first personal -pronoun _I. Cha_, I have, More, Heresyes, iv (Works, 278); _chad_, I -had, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 3; _cham_, I am, Peele, Sir Clyom., -Works, iii. 85; B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 1; _chave_, I have, Peele, -Arr. Paris, i. 1 (Pan); _chee_ (for _ich_), I, London Prodigal, ii. 168; -_I chid_, I should, ii. 1. 20; _chill_, I will, King Lear, iv. 6. 239; -_chud_, I would, ib. See NED. and EDD. - -=chacon,= a slow Spanish dance, or its tune; ‘_Chacon_: Two Nymphs and -Triton sing’, Dryden, Albion, Act ii (end). F. _chaconne_ (Hatzfeld); -Span. _chacona_ (Neuman and B.). - -†=chaflet,= (?) a small platform or stage; ‘He satte vpon a _chaflet_ in -a chayer’ [chair], Morte Arthur, leaf 422, back, 2, bk. xxi, c. 3. Only -in this passage. Probably the same as OF. _chafault_, a temporary -platform. See NED. (s.v. Catafalque), and Dict. (s.v. Scaffold). - -=chaldrons,= entrails of a calf, &c. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I. iii. 1 -(Fustigo). Spelt _chawdron_, Macbeth, iv. 1. 33. Cp. dialect forms, -_chauldron_, Hertford, _chaudron_, Gloucester, _chawdon_, Leicester, see -EDD. (s.v. Chawdon). OF. _chaudun_, tripes (Roquefort); cp. G. -_kaldaunen_. - -=challes,= jaws. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75; _chall-bones_, jaw-bones; -id. § 86. In common prov. use in England as far south as Bedford, see -EDD. (s.v. Chawl). ME. _chaul_ (Wyclif, 1 Kings xvii. 35); OE. _ceafl_. - -=cham,= khan. The _Great Cham_, the Great Khan; commonly applied to the -ruler of the Mongols and Tartars, and to the Emperor of China. Much Ado, -ii. 1. 277; Fletcher, The Chances, v. 3 (Don John). Turki _khān_, lord, -prince. See NED. (s.v. Cham, Khan). - -=chamber,= a small cannon used to fire salutes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 57; -Massinger, Renegado, v. 8. See NED. (s.v. Chamber. 10 b). - -=chambering,= wanton behaviour in private places. BIBLE, Romans xiii. -13; Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, ii. 4 (Citizen). Cp. _chamberer_, -one of wanton habits, Othello, iii. 3. 265. - -=chamber-lie,= see =lye.= - -=chamelot,= a name originally applied to some beautiful and costly -eastern fabric, camlet. _Water Chamelot_, camlet with a wavy or watered -surface. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 45; Holland, Pliny, i. 228; Bacon, New -Atlantis (ed. 1650, p. 3). OF. _chamelot_ (Littré). - -=chamfered,= furrowed, wrinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 23. OF. -_chanfraindre_, to chamfer, to furrow, also, to bevel an edge. Possibly -for _chant-fraindre_, which may = Med. L. _cantum frangere_, to break -the edge or side. - -=champian, champion,= the champaign, level open country, BIBLE, Deut. -xi. 30; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 29; Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 173; Gosson, -School of Abuse, 29. - -=chandry, chandrie,= short for _chandlery_, the place where candles were -kept in a household; ‘Six torches from the chandry’, B. Jonson, Masque -of Augurs (Notch). OF. _chandel_(_l_)_erie_. - -=changeling,= a half-witted person. In Middleton’s play ‘The -Changeling’, the reference is to Antonio, who enters ‘disguised as an -idiot’, A. i, sc. 2. _To play the changeling_, to play the fool, -Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Mis. Knavesby). See EDD. -(s.v. Change. 8). - -=chank,= to champ, to eat noisily. Golding, Metam. viii. 292 (fol. 97), -viii. 825 (fol. 105, back). - -=channel,= the neck. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, 1. 3 (Calyphus). See -=cannel.= - -=channel-bone,= the collar-bone, clavicle. Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 266; -Holinshed, Chron. iii. 805; Kyd, Soliman, i. 4. 55. See =cannel.= - -=chapine,= a high-heeled shoe. Massinger, Renegado, i. 2 (Donusa); -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song). See Stanford (s.v. -Chopine). Span. _chapin_, a woman’s high cork shoes (Minsheu). See -=choppine.= - -=char, chare,= car, chariot. Surrey, A Complaint by Night, 4; Sackville, -Induction, st. 7. F. _char_, a chariot (Cotgr.). - -=character,= handwriting. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 6. 6; Meas. for M. iv. -2. 208. F. _caractere_, a form of writing (Cotgr.). - -=chare,= chary, careful. Golding, tr. Ovid, Met. xiv. 336 (ed. 1593); -dear, Golding, Calvin on Deut. xxiii. 134. - -=chare, charre,= a turn of work, an odd job or business. Ant. and Cl. -iv. 15. 75; _Chare_, to do a turn of work, esp. in phr. (_This_) -_char_(_re is char’d_, this bit of business is done, Sir Thos. More, -iii. 1. 118; Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s Old Plays, ii. -375; Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce 392); ‘Here’s two chewres chewred’, -Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Bobadilla). See EDD. (s.v. Chare, -sb.^{1}). OE. _cerr_, a turn, ‘temporis spatium’ (B. T.). - -=charet=(=t,= a car, chariot. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 32; BIBLE, Exod. xiv. -6; 2 Kings ix. 16; _charettes_, carts, _Gascoigne_, Supposes, ii. 1 -(Erostrato). F. _charette_, a chariot (Cotgr.). - -=charm,= the blended sound of harmonious notes, as of music, children’s -voices or song-birds. Milton, P. L. iv. 642; Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 -(Pomona); Bunyan, The Holy War (Temple ed., 293); Udall, Erasmus (ed. -1548, Luke ii, fol. xxxii a); _charme_, to make a melodious sound, -Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 13. ‘Charm’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and -southern counties in the sense of a confused murmuring sound of many -voices, of birds, bees, &c.; see EDD. (s.v. Charm, sb.^{1}). See -=chirm.= - -=charm,= to control, to silence, as if by a strong charm. Middleton, A -Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Russell). Also, to induce to speak, as by a charm, -Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, ii. 1 (Rhetias). - -=charneco, charnico,= a species of sweet wine. From a village so called -near Lisbon (Steevens). 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 63; _Charnico_, Puritan Widow, -iv. 3. 89; Heywood, Maid of West, iii (Wks. ed. 1874, ii. 301). See -Stanford. - -=chartel,= a ‘cartel’, a written challenge. B. Jonson, i. 5 (or 4): -Bobadil. Span. _cartel_, Ital. _cartello_, dimin. of _carta_, paper, -letter. - -=chase,= a hunting-ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 137; Titus, ii. 3. -255; ‘The chase alwaie open and nothing at all inclosed’, Harrison, -Desc. England, ii. 19 (ed. Furnivall, 310). Anglo-F. _chace_, a -hunting-ground, a chase (Rough List). - -=chatillionte,= delightful, amusing. Farquhar, Sir H. Wildair, iv. 2 -(Lurewell). F. _chatouillant_, pr. pt. of _chatouiller_, to tickle, to -provoke with delight (Cotgr.). - -=chauf,= to chafe, heat, vex. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § -2; _chauffed_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 33. OF. _chaufer_ (F. _chauffer_), -to warm. - -=chave,= for _ich have_, I have. Peele, Araygnement of Paris, i. 1 -(Pan). See =ch.= - -=chawne,= a gap, fissure. Holland, Pliny, i. 37; to gape open, id. i. -435; to cause to gape open, to rive asunder, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, -iii. 1 (Andrugio); ‘_Crevasser_, to chop, chawn . . . rive’, Cotgrave. -‘Chawn’ is in prov. use in the Midlands for a crack in the ground caused -by dry weather, see EDD. (s.v. Chaum). See =choane.= - -=cheasell,= gravel. Turbervile, Epitaph II. on Master Win, st. 5. Cp. -the Chesil Bank (Portland), Chiselhurst, Kent. ME. _chisel_ or gravel, -‘arena, sabulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 82), OE. _ceosel_, _cysel_, gravel. - -=cheat,= wheaten bread of the second quality. Chapman, Batrachom., 3; -Drayton, Polyolb. xvi, p. 959; _cheat bread_, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -iv. 1 (Chough); Eastward Hoe, v. 1 (Mrs. T.); _cheat loaf_, B. Jonson, -Masque of Augurs, vol. vi, p. 123; Corbet, Poetica Stromata (Nares). -Bread of the first quality was called _manchet_. See NED. (s.v. Cheat, -sb.^{2}). - -=cheat= (Thieves’ Cant), used in general sense ‘thing’, gen. preceded by -some descriptive word. _The Cheate_ (= _treyning cheate_), the gallows, -Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 28; _cackling-cheate_, the domestic fowl, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Prigg); _grunting cheate_, a pig (id.); -_belly-cheat_, an apron, id. ii. 1 (Higgen). See NED. (s.v. Cheat, -sb.^{1} 3). See =backcheat.= - -=cheator,= a cheat. Esp. used of one who lived by cheating at dice; -Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Quadratus). - -=check= (in Hawking), a false stoop, when a hawk forsakes her proper -game, and pursues rooks, doves, &c. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 -(Maria); _to fly at check_, Dryden, Ann. Mirab. st. 86; _check_, base -game, rooks, &c, Drayton, Pol. xx. 217; Turbervile, Falconrie, 110. - -=checked,= chequered, variegated. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 18; Greene, -Friar Bacon, i. 1. 83; spelt _chequed_, ‘The chequed, and purple-ringed -daffodillies’, B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd). - -=checker-approved,= approved by one who checks, a controller. Ford, -Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). See NED. (s.v. Checker, sb.^{1} 1). - -=checklaton,= a cloth of rich material; ‘A Jacket, quilted richly rare -Upon checklaton’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 43. OF. _chiclaton_, also -_ciclaton_ (Godefroy). The ME. form was _ciclatun_ (_syklatoun_); see -Juliana, 8, and Chaucer, C. T. B. 1924. See NED. (s.v. Ciclatoun). - -=chedreux,= a kind of perruque. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iii. 2 (Sir -Fopling); Oldham, tr. of Juvenal, Sat. iii. 191. From the maker’s name. -Also Shaddrew (NED.). - -=chequin,= an Italian gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Pericles, iv. 2. 28 -(_chickeens_ in ed. 1608); B. Jonson, Volpone, i (last speech but 8 of -Volpone). See Dict. (s.v. Sequin), and Stanford. See =cecchin.= - -=cherry,= to cherish, cheer, delight. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 22. F. -_chérir_, to hold dear. - -=cherry-pit,= a children’s game, in which cherry-stones were thrown into -a pit or small hole. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 129; Witch of Edmonton, iii. 1 -(Cuddy). - -=cheve,= to bring to an end, to finish; ‘I cheve, I bring to an ende, -_Je aschieve_’, Palsgrave. OF. _chever_, to finish (NED.). - -=cheve, chive,= to befall, happen to. Phr. _foul cheeve him_, ill befall -him, Sir A. Cockain, Obstinate Lady, iii. 2; _foul chive him_, Beaumont -and Fl., Knight of the Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. Merry Thought). - -=cheveril,= kid-leather; used allusively as a type of pliability. -Twelfth Nt. iii. i. 13; B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). ME. -_cheverel_, ‘ledyr’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. _cheveril_ (Rough List), deriv. -of OF. _chevre_, a goat. - -=chevin, cheven,= the chub. Book of St. Albans, fol. F 7, back; Drayton, -Pol. xxvi. 244; ‘_Chevesne_, a chevin’, Cotgrave. ‘Cheven’ is a Yorks. -word for the chub (EDD.). OF. _chevesne_; see Hatzfeld (s.v. Chevanne). - -=chevisaunce,= merchandise, gain (in a bad sense). Coverdale, Deut. xxi. -14. ME. _chevisaunce_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1519). OF. _chevissance_, -‘pactum, transactio, conventio’. Med. L. _chevisantia_ (Ducange). - -=chevisaunce= (as used by Spenser and his imitators), enterprise, -achievement, expedition on horseback, chivalry, F. Q. ii. 9. 8. - -=che vor:= in phr. _che vor ye_. The meaning seems to be ‘I warrant -you’, King Lear, iv. 6. 246, but the relationship or etymology of the -word _vor_ has not yet been discovered; nothing like it is known to -exist in prov. use. _Che vore ’un_, (?) I warrant him, B. Jonson, Tale -of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). _Cha vore thee_ is found in The Contention -between Liberality and Prodigality, ii. 3 (Tenacity), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, viii. 345, ‘What will you give me? Cha vore thee, son . . . -Chill give thee a vair piece of three half-pence’. (Here, _cha vore -thee_ may be West dialect for ‘I have for thee.’) - -=chewet, chewit,= a chough, _fig._ a chatterer. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 29. F. -_chouette_, a chough, jackdaw (Cotgr.). - -=chewet,= a dish of meat or fish, chopped fine and mixed with spices and -fruits. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Francisca). - -=chewre,= a turn of work; see =chare.= - -=Cheyney;= see =Philip.= - -=chiarlatan,= a mountebank or Cheap Jack who descants volubly to a -_crowd_. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 971; _ciarlitani_, pl., B. Jonson, -Volpone, ii. 1 (Volpone, Speech, 3). Ital. _ciarlatano_, a babbler, -mountebank, fr. _ciarlare_, to babble; whence F. _charlatan_, ‘a -pratling quack-salver’ (Cotgr.). - -=chiaus=(=e,= a Turkish messenger, sergeant, or lictor. Massinger, -Renegado, iii. 4; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 2. 25. Turkish _chāush_. - -=chiause, chouse,= one easily cheated, a dupe, gull. Newcastle, The -Variety, in Dramatis Personae (‘A country Chiause’). [Cp. Johnson’s -Dict., A _chouse_, a man fit to be cheated.] - -=chiause, chowse,= _v._, to chouse, to cheat. ‘Chiaus’d by a scholar!’, -Shirley, Honoria, ii. 3 (Conquest); ‘And sows of sucking-pigs are -_chowsed_’, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 114, also l. 1010. - -=chibbal,= a young onion with the green stalk attached, Fletcher, -Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); _chibal_, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (2 -Gipsy). ‘Chibbal’ (‘chibble’) is in gen. prov. use in the Midlands and -south-west country, see EDD. (s.v. Chibbole). ME. _chibolle_ (P. -Plowman, B. vi. 296). OF. (Picard) _chibole_ (F. _ciboule_); L. -_cepulla_, dimin. of _cepa_, onion. - -=chibrit,= sulphur. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt -_kibrit_ (NED.). Arab. _kibrīt_, sulphur; cp. Heb. _gophrīth_, Aramaic, -_kubrīth_. - -=chiches,= chick-peas. B. Jonson, tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry (L. -_ciceris_, l. 249); spelt _chittes_, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, iv. -10; Udall, Apoph., Diogenes, 47. F. _chiches_, ‘sheeps-cich-peason, -chiches’ (Cotgr.); OF. _chiche_ (Roman. Rose, 6911). - -=chiefrie,= the payment of rent or dues to an Irish chief. Spenser, View -of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 663). - -=chievance,= raising of money. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 64). F. -‘_chevance_, wealth, substance, riches’ (Cotgr.). - -=child:= phr. _to be with child_, used _fig._, to be full of -expectation. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); also, to long -after, desire vehemently, id., Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Viola). - -=Child Rowland,= a young knight; with reference to a scrap of an old -ballad. King Lear, iii. 4. 187; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 16. - -=chilis,= a large vein. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2. 4 (where it is -equated to _vena cava_). Dyce’s note says—‘Out of the gibbosyte . . . -of the liuer there issueth a veyne called _concava_ or _chilis_’, -Traheron, Vigo’s Workes of Chirurgerie, 1571, fol. ix. Gk. φλὲψ κοίλη, -_vena cava_. - -=chill;= as in _I chill_, for _Ich ’ill_, I will. ‘Tell you I _chyll_’, -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 1. See =ch.= - -=china-house,= a china-shop. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Subtle). - -=chinchard,= a niggard, miser. Spelt _chyncherde_, Skelton, -Magnyfycence, 2517. ME. _chinche_, a niggard (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2793); -Norm. F. _chinche_, ‘mesquin avare’ (Moisy). - -=chinclout,= a muffler covering the lower part of the face. Middleton, A -Mad World, iii. 3 (Follywit). Cp. _muffler_ in Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73. - -=chine,= to divide or break the back of. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 13. -Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3. 6; ‘_Eschiner_ -(_échiner_), to chine, to break the back of’, Cotgrave. In everyday use -in Suffolk (EDD.). - -=chink,= a bed-bug. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess). Also -spelt _chinch_. Span. _chinche_, a bug; L. _cimex_. - -=chink,= a piece of money. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503. - -=chire,= a slender blade of grass, a sprout. Spelt _chyer_, Drayton, -Harmony, Song Solomon, ch. ii, l. 3. ME. _chire_, ‘genimen’ (Cath. -Angl.). - -=chirm,= a confused noise, the mingled din or noise of many birds or -voices. Spelt _chyrme_, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 5; _churm_, -Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 170). See =charm.= - -=chirr,= to chirp like a grasshopper; ‘The chirring grasshopper’, -Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 16. - -=chitterling,= a frill, ruff; esp. the frill down the breast of a shirt. -Like Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 310; Gascoigne, Delic Diet -Droonkardes (NED.). For examples of prov. use see EDD. (s.v. 4). - -=chitterlings,= the smaller intestines of the pig, &c., esp. when fried -or boiled. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Fustigo); Butler, -Hudibras, i. 2. 120. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=chitty-face,= one who has a thin pinched face; used as a term of -contempt; ‘You half-fac’d groat, you thin-cheek’d chitty-face’, Munday, -Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, v. 1 (Jailer), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. -188; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 2 (Spungius); ‘Chittiface, -_puellulus_, _improbulus_’, Coles, Dict. (1679); ‘A chittiface, proprie -est facies parva et exigua’, Minsheu, Ductor (1617). OF. _chiche-face_ -(_chiche-fache_), lean face (Godefroy). The word occurs in Rabelais, i. -183 (ed. Jaunet). From this word comes the perverted form _chichevache_ -(Chaucer, C. T. E. 1188), the name of a fabulous monster said to feed on -patient wives. - -=chival,= a horse; ‘Upon the captive chivals’ (in captivis equis), -Turbervile, Ovid’s Ep., 148 b; Mucedorus, Induction, 29, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vii. 204; but here _chival_ may be for _’chieval_, _achieval_, -achievement. - -=chive, cive,= a small kind of onion or garlic; ‘_Escurs_, the little -sallad herb called _Cives_ or _Chives_’, Cotgrave. F. _cive_ (North F. -_chive_), onion; L. _cepa_, onion. - -=chive;= see =cheve.= - -=choane,= a cleft, rift, fissure; ‘_Fendasse_, a cleft, choane’, -Cotgrave. See =chawne.= - -=choke-pear,= a rough, harsh pear; also, something impossible to swallow -or get over. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 321); Mydas, iv. 3 (end). - -=choplogic,= a contentious, sophistical arguer. Awdelay, Fratern. of -Vacabondes, p. 15. Shortened to _choploge_; ‘Choploges or greate -pratlers’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; Roister Doister, iii. -2 (Merygreek). - -=choppine,= a kind of shoe raised above the ground by means of a cork -sole or the like. Hamlet, ii. 2. 445; ‘_Pianelloni_, great pattins or -choppins’, Florio; ‘Corke shooes, chopines’, Marston, Dutch Courtezan, -iii. 1 (Tissefew). See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). See =chapine.= - -=chreokopia,= a cancelling of debts, or of a part of a debt. Massinger, -Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. χρεωκοπία, a cutting off of debt. - -=Christ-cross, Chriss-cross, Crisscross,= a cross (✠) placed at the -beginning of the alphabet in a horn-book. Hence, _Christcross-row_, the -alphabet, Two Angry Women, v. 1 (Mall); shortened to _cross-row_, -Richard III, i. 1. 55. A similar cross was sometimes used (instead of -XII) to mark noon on a clock or dial; hence ‘the Chrisse-crosse of -Noone’, Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 85; see Nares. - -=Christ-tide,= Christmas. A term for Christmas, used by Puritans, to -avoid the use of the word _mass_. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Ananias) -See NED. - -=chrysopoeia,= the making of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). -Gk. χρυσοποιία. - -=chrysosperm,= seed of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Gk. -χρυσός, gold + σπέρμα, seed. - -=chuck,= darling; a term of endearment. Hen. V, iii. 2. 20; Macbeth, -iii. 2. 45; ‘His _chuck_, that is, his wife’, Earle, Microcosmographie, -§ 68 (ed. Arber, p. 94). See EDD. (s.v. Chuck, sb.^{1} 4). - -=chuff,= a rustic, a clown. Generally applied opprobriously to any -person disliked, esp. a rude coarse fellow. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 93; a -churlish miser, Nashe, P. Pennilesse (NED.); Massinger, Duke of Milan, -iii. 1 (Medina). In prov. use in the sense of surly, ill-tempered, see -EDD. (s.v. Chuff, adj.^{1} 1). ME. _choffe_ or _chuffe_, ‘rusticus’ -(Prompt.). - -=church-book,= (1) the Bible; (2) the parish register. Both senses are -quibbled upon; Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (1 Lawyer). - -=ciarlitani;= see =chiarlatan.= - -=cibation,= a process in alchemy; lit. ‘a feeding’. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1 (Dol). From L. _cibus_, food. - -=cinoper,= ‘cinnabar’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). Cp. MHG. -_zinober_. - -=cinque-pace,= a kind of lively dance. Much Ado, ii. 1. 77. F. _cinq -pas_, lit. five paces; Littré gives _cinq pas et trois visages_ (five -paces, three faces) as the name of an old French dance. - -=cioppino,= a ‘chopine’. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Hedon). See -=choppine.= - -=circling:= phr. _a circling boy_, i.e. a kind of _roarer_, one who -circumvented and cheated his dupes. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 2 -(Edgworth). See Nares. - -=circular,= going round-about, indirect. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. -2 (Physician). - -=circumstance,= detailed and circuitous narration; details, particulars; -‘Without circumstance’, i.e. without further details, Romeo, v. 3. 181; -ceremony, formality, ‘Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war’, -Othello, iii. 3. 355. - -=citronise,= to bring to the colour of citron; a process in alchemy. B. -Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle). - -=cittern-headed,= ugly; because the head of the cittern (a kind of -guitar) was often grotesquely carved to resemble a human head. Ford, -Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). The citterns were mostly found in -barbers’ shops. - -†=city-wires= (?); ‘His cates . . . Be fit for ladies: some for lords, -knights, ’squires; Some for your waiting-wench, and city-wires’, B. -Jonson, Epicoene (Prologue). - -=civil,= sober, grave, not gay; said of colour. Romeo, iii. 2. 10; -Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Maria); ‘civil-suited Morn’, Milton, Il -Pens., 122. - -=clack-dish,= a wooden dish with a lid, carried and clacked by beggars -as an appeal for contributions. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 2 -(Gerardine). See =clapdish.= - -=clad,= to clothe. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 4; Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce p. -602. - -=cladder,= a man of loose and vicious manners. (Cant.) ‘_Cladders_? Yes, -catholic lovers’, Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Bright and Aurelia). - -=clair-voyant,= clear-sighted, having good insight. _Clara voyant_, -Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 1 (end). - -=clamper up,= to gather up together hastily. Ascham, Toxophilus, (ed. -Arber, 83). [Sir W. Scott uses the expression ‘to _clamper up_ a story’, -in a letter to Joanna Baillie (Feb. 10, 1822).] - -=clap,= a sudden stroke of misfortune; a touch of disrepute. B. Jonson, -Alchem. iv. 4. 3; _to catch a clap_, to meet with a mischance, Heywood, -Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 1 (Wise Woman). - -=clapdish,= a wooden dish for alms with a cover that shut with a -clapping noise, used by lepers and other mendicants. Massinger, Parl. of -Love, ii. 2 (Leonora); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See -=clack-dish.= - -=clapper,= a rabbit-burrow. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 25; ‘As a cony -. . . in his _claper_’, Fabyan, Chron. pt. vii, an. 1294-5 (p. 395). -‘_Clapier_, a clapper of conies’, Cotgrave. A Dorset word for a -rabbit-hole (EDD.). O. Prov. _clapier_, ‘garenne privée’ (Levy). - -=clapperclaw,= to beat, to maul. Merry Wives, ii. 3. 67; Tr. and Cr. v. -4. 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, and in Scotland (EDD.). - -=clapperdudgeon,= a cant name for a beggar; a term of reproach. B. -Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. sen.); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. i. -4; Greene, George-a-Greene (l. 909), ed. Dyce, p. 265, col. 1; Harman, -Caveat, p. 44. Cp. _clapper_, the lid of a beggar’s clap-dish; _dudgeon_ -was the name of a kind of wood for making handles of knives, &c. - -=clarissimo,= a grandee. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. 6. A Span. -word, lit. most illustrious. - -=clary, clare,= a pot-herb, the _Salvia Sclarea_, supposed to be good -for the eyes, and so by pop. etym. often spelt _Cleare-eie_, -_Clear-eye_; ‘Spirits of clare to bathe our temples in’, Davenant, The -Wits, v (Thwack); spelt _clary_, ‘Clary quasi Clear Eye’, W. Coles, Adam -in Eden, xxiii. 47. See NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.^{2}). - -=clary,= a sweet liquor made of wine, clarified honey, and spices. -Congreve, Way of World, iv. 5 (Mirabell); Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iii. -1 (Lord Rake). ME. _clarree_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1471). OF. _claré_, that -which is cleared or clarified, see NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.^{1}). - -=classhe.= See =closh.= - -=claw,= to stroke; hence, to flatter. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 186; Marston, -Antonio, Pt. II, i. 1 (Piero); Much Ado, i. 3. 18. Phr. _claw me, I’ll -claw thee_, ‘We saye, clawe me, clawe thee’, Tyndal, Expos. John (ed. -1537, 72), see NED.; _to claw the back_, to flatter, Hall, Sat. i. prol. -11. ‘Claw’ means to flatter in Leic. and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. -7). - -=clawback,= one who strokes the back; a flatterer; ‘These flattering -clawbackes’, Latimer, 2 Sermon bef. King, p. 64; Mirror for Mag., Iago, -st. 6; ‘_Blandisseur_, a flattering sycophant or clawback’, Cotgrave. So -in north Yorks. and Leic., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. 10 (b)). - -=clear,= very drunk. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond -Senior). - -=cleave the pin;= see =pin.= - -=cleaze;= see =clee.= - -=clee,= a claw; ‘_Pied d’un cancre_, the clee or claw of a crab’, -Cotgrave; ‘The clee of a bittor’, Turbervile, Falconrie, 349; _cleaze_ -pl., Phaer, tr. Aeneid, viii. 209; Studley, Seneca’s Hercules, 206 b -(NED.). See EDD. (s.v. Clee). ME. _cle_, ‘ungula’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. -_clēa_. Cp. =cleye.= - -=cleeves,= cliffs; ‘Dover’s neighbouring cleeves’, Drayton, Pol. xviii; -Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 62. ME. _clefe_ of an hyll, ‘declivum’ -(Prompt.). Due to OE. _cleofu_, the plural form, or to _cleofe_, the -dat. of _clif_. ‘Cleeve’ is very common in place-names in the west of -England: Cleeve (Clyffe Pypard) in Wilts.; Church Cleves in Dorset; Old -Cleeve, Huish Cleeve, Bitter Cleeve in Somerset. - -=clem,= to starve for want of food. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, -iii. 1 (Shift); Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). To ‘clem’ (or to ‘clam’) is the -ordinary word for starving in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Clam, vb.^{2} 1). The lit. meaning of _clam_ (_clem_) is ‘to pinch’, -still used in this sense in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Clam, -vb.^{1} 1. Cp. Dan. _klemme_, Sw. _klämma_, to pinch. - -=clench, clinch,= a pun. Dryden, Mac Flecknoe, 83; Prologue to Tr. and -Cr. (1679), 27. - -=clenchpoop,= a lout, a clown; a term of contempt. Warner, Albion’s -England; bk. vi, ch. xxxi, st. 22; _clinchpoop_, or _clenchpoop_, Three -Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 256. - -=clepe,= to call. L. L. L. v. 1. 24; Hamlet, i. 4. 19. The pp. is spelt -_cleeped_ in Chapman, Gent. Usher, ii. 1 (Pogio); the usual form is the -archaic _y-clept_, spelt _y-clep’d_ in Milton, L’Allegro, 12. OE. -_clipian_, _cleopian_, to call; pp. _ge-cleopod_. - -=clergion,= a young songster, _fig._ of birds. Surrey, Description -Restless State, 22; Poems, 72; in Tottel’s Misc. 231. ME. _clergeon_, a -chorister (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1693). F. _clergeon_. - -=clergy,= clerkly skill, learning. Proverb, ‘An Ounce of Mother-Wit is -worth a Pound of Clergy (or Book-learning)’, see NED.; Middleton, Family -of Love, iii. 3 (Purge). The privilege of exemption from sentence which -might be pleaded by every one who could read; ‘Stand to your clergy, -uncle, save your life’, Munday, Death Huntington, i. 3, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, viii. 244. _Clergy of belly_, respite claimed by a pregnant -woman. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1. 884. ME. _clergy_: ‘Lewdnesse of -clergy, _illiteratura_’ (Prompt. EETS., 261). - -=cleye,= a claw. Marlowe, tr. Lucan, bk. i, l. 36 from end; B. Jonson, -Underwoods, Eupheme, ix. 18; ‘The cleyes of a lobster’, Skinner (1671). -‘Cley’ is an E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Clee). ME. _cley_ of a -beast, ‘ungula’ (Prompt. EETS., 85, see note, no. 383). Cp. =clee.= - -=clicket,= to be _maris appetens_, to copulate. Massinger, Picture, iii. -4 (Eubulus); Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius); -Tusser, Husbandry, § 77. 9. As a hunting term, it had reference to the -fox and the wolf; see Turbervile, Hunting, c. 66, p. 186; c. 75, p. 205. - -=cliffe,= a clef, key, in music. Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 11; Gascoigne, Steel -Glas, 1. 159. F. _clef_. - -=clift,= a cliff. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 79; p. 90, col. 1; _clifte_, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 23. The E. Anglian form (EDD.). - -=clighte;= see =clitch.= - -=Clim of the Clough,= a proverbially famous archer. Clement of the Glen, -in the ballad of Adam Bell. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. Hazlitt, i. 72; B. -Jonson, Alchemist, i (Face). _Clem a Clough_, Drayton, Pastorals, vi. -36. - -=clinch;= see =clench.= - -=cling,= to cause to shrink, shrivel; ‘Till famine cling thee’, Macbeth, -v. 5. 40. Cp. prov. use in Ireland and in the north of England, where -the word means to wither, contract, also, of cattle, to become thin from -want of proper food, see EDD. (s.v. Cling, vb.^{1} 4). ME. _clyngyn_, to -shrink, to shrivel (Prompt.). OE. _clingan_, ‘marcere’ (Ælfric). - -=clip,= to embrace. Wint. Tale, v. 2. 59; Coriolanus, i. 6. 29; iv. 5. -115. Still in use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _clippen_ -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. lii. 1344). OE. _clyppan_. - -=clip,= to go fast, to run swiftly. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 86. A Suffolk -use; see EDD. (s.v. Clip, vb.^{2} 11). - -=clipped,= uttered aloud; ‘Thy clipped name’, Middleton, The Witch, ii. -2 (near the end). See =clepe.= - -=clips, clyps,= ‘eclipse’. Berners, tr. of Froissart, ch. 130. Common in -the north (EDD.). ME. _Clypps_ of þe son or þe mone, ‘eclipsis’ -(Prompt.). - -=clitch,= to bend, clench (the fist). Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 145 -(NED.); _clighte_, pp., Bossewell, Armorie, ii. 119^{b}. Cp. the west -country _clitch_, to grasp tightly (EDD.). OE. _clycchan_, pp. -_geclyht_. - -=clogdogdo,= a term of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. 1 (Otter). -A nonce-word. - -=close fight,= a sea term; a kind of screen used in a naval engagement. -Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). See =fights.= - -=closh, clash,= the name of an old game, played with a ball or bowl. -Spelt _claisshe_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 8. See -Cowell’s Interpreter and Strutt’s Sports. _Closh_ was orig. the name of -the bowl. Du. _klos_, a wooden Boule (Hexham). - -=closure,= bound, limit, circuit. Richard III, iii. 3. 11; an -entrenchment, fortress, Greene, Looking Glasse (ed. 1861, p. 123); -Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 296. OF. _closure_, confine, limits (Dialoge -Greg., 74); Late L. _clausura_, a castle, fort (Justinian). - -=clote,= the yellow water-lily; _Nuphar lutea_. Fletcher, Faithful -Shepherdess, ii. 2. 12. Still in use in the south-west of England, see -EDD. (s.v. Clote, (1)). OE. _clāte_, which was the name of various -plants resembling the burdock, see NED. - -=clottered,= clotted. Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 14; _‘Congrée_, -congealed, clottered’, Cotgrave. Du. _kloteren_, or _klonteren_, ‘to -curdle or growe thick as milke doth’ (Hexham). See =cluttered.= - -=clout,= a piece of cloth or linen, a rag. Hamlet, ii. 2. 537; Richard -III, i. 3. 177; hence, _clouted_, patched, BIBLE, Joshua ix. 5. In prov. -use, esp. in the north, see EDD. (s.v. Clout, sb.^{1} 3). - -=clout,= a square piece of canvas, which formed the mark to be aimed at, -at the archery butts, L. L. L. iv. 1. 138; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52. - -=clout,= to cuff heavily, BIBLE, 2 Sam. xxii. 39; _clouted_, pp. hit, -Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, iii. 7. 1. In gen. vulgar use, see -EDD. (s.v. Clout, vb.^{2} 1). - -=clouted;= of cream: clotted, by scalding milk. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Nov., 99; Borde, Dyetarie, 267. A Devon word (EDD.). - -=clowre,= grassy surface, turf. In pl. _clowres_; Golding, Metam. iv. -301. (L. _cespite_); viii. 756 (L. _terram_). ME. _clowre_, grassy -ground (Lydgate). - -=cloy,= to prick a horse with a nail in shoeing; ‘I cloye a horse, I -drive a nayle in to the quycke of his foote, _jencloue_’, Palsgrave; to -pierce as with a nail, to gore, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 48; to spike a -gun, Beaumont and Fl., The False One, v. 4 (Photinus). OF. _cloyer_ (F. -_clouer_), to nail, deriv. of OF. _clo_ (F. _clou_), a nail. - -=cloyer,= a pick-pocket’s accomplice. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Moll). See Nares. - -=cloyne,= a clown, rustic. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 44. The word -_clown_ (_cloyne_) was a late introduction from some Low German source, -originally meaning ‘clod, lump’, see NED. - -=cloyne, cloine,= to act deceitfully or fraudulently. Bale, Sel. Wks. -(ed. 1849, p. 170 (NED.)); to take furtively, to steal away, Phaer, tr. -Aeneid, vi. 524; vii. 364. Probably the same word as OF. _cluigner_, -_clugner_, _cluyner_ (F. _cligner_), to wink, often as the expression of -secret understanding, cunning, or hypocrisy. See NED. - -=club,= a country fellow; ‘Homely and playn clubbes of the countrey’, -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 14; ‘Hertfordshire clubs and clouted -shoon’, Ray, Eng. Proverbs, 310. Cp. ME. _clubbyd_, ‘rudis’ (Prompt.). - -=clubfist,= a thick-fisted ruffian. Mirror for Magistrates, Sabrine, st. -10. - -=clubs!= A popular cry to call out the London apprentices, who had clubs -for their weapons; also, a cry to call out citizens; as in Romeo, i. 1. -80. There are frequent allusions to this cry; ‘Cry _clubs_ for -prentices’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 (All). - -=clunch,= a clodhopper; ‘_Casois_, a countrey clown, boore, clunch, -hinde’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Cumberland, Lancashire, and E. Yorks. -(EDD.). See NED. - -=clunch,= to clench; ‘His fist is clunched’, Earle, Microcosmographie, § -20; ed. Arber, p. 41. - -=clunged,= drawn together by the action of cold; ‘By the Northern winds -. . . clunged and congealed withall’, Holland, Pliny, i. 513; ‘The Earth -made clunged with the cold of winter’, B. Googe, Heresbach’s Husb. -(NED.). - -=cluttered,= clotted. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Alberto); -‘_Engrommelé_, clotted, cluttered, curded thick’, Cotgrave. In prov. use -in Cheshire and Shropshire (EDD.). See =clottered.= - -=cly= (thieves’ cant), to seize, take; to steal (NED.). Phr. _to cly the -Jerk_, to be whipped, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman); -Harman, Caveat, p. 84. In Lower Rhenish dialect _klauen_ (_kläuen_, -_kleuen_) is used in the sense of ‘steal’. See NED. - -=coals:= phr. _to carry coals_, to be very servile, to submit to -insults. Romeo, i. 1. 2. See =colcarrier.= - -=coal-sleck,= coal-dust. Drayton, Pol. iii. 280. Cp. prov. E. _sleck_, -slack, small coal. - -=coart,= to confine, restrain; ‘Streatly coarted’, Skelton, Why come ye -not, 438; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 138. L. _co-arctare_, to compress, -from _arctus_, close. - -=coast, cost=(=e,= the side. Spenser, M. Hubberd, 294; the border, -frontier of a country, BIBLE, Mark vii. 31; Judges i. 18; phr. _on even -coast_, on even terms, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 17. OF. _coste_ (F. -_côte_). - -=coast,= to keep by the side of a person moving. Fletcher and Rowley, -Maid Mill, i. 1; to march on the flank of, Berners, Froissart, i. 40. -55; to move in a roundabout course, _fig._ Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 38; to -skirt, Milton, P. L. iv. 782; spelt _cost_, to approach, Spenser, -Daphnaida, st. 6; Venus and Adonis, 870. - -=coat;= see =cote.= - -=coat-card,= a playing card bearing a ‘coated’ figure (king, queen, or -knave). In regular use till the Revolution, 1688; afterwards perverted -into _Court-card_. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Madrigal). Also, -_coat_, Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Cook); B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1. - -=coath,= to faint, to swoon away. Skinner, 1671 (a Lincoln word); ‘To -coath (swoon away), _Animo linqui, deficere_’, Coles, 1679. ‘Coath’ is -still used in this sense in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _cothe_, or swownyng, -‘sincopa’ (Prompt.). OE. _coðu_, disease; cp. _coe_, a word for a -disease of sheep, cattle in W. Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coe, sb.^{1} 1). -See =quoth.= - -=cob,= the head of a red herring. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. (Wks., -1873, ii. 147); ‘A herring cob, _la teste d’un harang sor_’, Sherwood. - -=cob, cobbe,= a wealthy man; a miser; ‘Ryche cobbes’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 149; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, ii. 27 (NED.). - -=cobbe,= a male swan; ‘The hee swanne is called the cobbe, and the -she-swanne the penne’, Best, Farm. Bks. (ed. 1856, p. 122). Hence -_cob-swan_, B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia). ‘Cob’ is still in use -in Norfolk (EDD.). - -=cockal=(=l,= a knucklebone of a sheep, with which boys played -‘knucklebones’. Herrick, The Temple, 59; the game played, Cotgrave (s.v. -_Tales_). See Nares. - -=cockall,= a paragon, a pattern, of supreme excellence; ‘He was the very -cockall of a husband’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2. 6. - -=cockatrice,= a name for the basilisk, a serpent supposed to kill by its -mere glance, and to be hatched from a cock’s egg. BIBLE, Isaiah lix. 5; -Romeo, iii. 2. 47; applied to a woman of loose life, B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Rev. iv. 1; Killigrew’s Pandora (Nares). Orig. a name for the -crocodile. OF. _caucatris_ (_cocatris_), crocodile; Med. L. -_caucatrices_, ‘crocodili’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. _calcatris_, -crocodile (Levy). See NED. - -=cock-a-two,= cock of two, a cock that has conquered two, a conqueror of -two. Little French Lawyer, ii. 3 (La Writ). See Nares. - -=cockers,= leggings, gaiters. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of -Dowsabel, l. 59. In prov. use from the north country to the W. Midlands -and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _cokeres_ (P. Plowman, C. Text, ix. 59). -Probably the same word as OE. _cocor_, a quiver. - -=cocket,= a ship’s certificate that goods for export had paid duty. -Gascoigne, Steel Glas, ll. 258, 1058. Anglo-F. _cokette_, app. the seal -with which the certificate was assured (Rough List). - -=cocket,= pert, saucy, stuck up. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 5 (song); -Coles Dict. 1677. In prov. use from north country to the W. Midlands, -meaning ‘pert, saucy’, also, ‘brisk, merry, lively’ (EDD.). - -=cockledemois,= pl. (perhaps) a natural product of some kind -representing money. Chapman, Mask of the Middle Temple, § 2. (Not found -elsewhere, except as Cockledemoy, the name of a knave in Marston’s Dutch -Courtezan). Dr. H. Bradley suggests that this word may represent Port. -_coquílho de moeda_; _coquílho_, fruit of an Indian palm; _moeda_, -money. - -=cockloche,= a term of reproach or contempt, a mean fellow, a silly -coxcomb. Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Clare); spelt _cocoloch_, -Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Triumph of Honour, sc. 1 -(Nicodemus). F. _coqueluche_, a hood, also a person who is all the -vogue. See Dict. de l’Acad. (1762). - -=Cock Lorel,= the name of the owner and captain of the boat containing -jovial reprobates of all trades in a sarcastic poem, Cocke Lorelles -Bote, printed _c._ 1515; used also allusively with the sense of ‘rogue’; -‘Here is fyrst, Cocke Lorell the Knyght’ (ed. 1843, p. 4); ‘Cock-Lorrell -would needs have the Devill his guest’, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metam. -(Song). See =Lorel.= - -=cockney,= (1) a cockered child, a child tenderly brought up, hence (2) -a squeamish, foppish, effeminate fellow. (1) Tusser, Husbandry, 183; -Baret, Alvearie, C. 729; (2) Twelfth Nt. iv. 1. 15; a squeamish woman, -King Lear, ii. 4. 123. ME. _cokenay_, an effeminate person (Chaucer, C. -T. A. 4208); _coknay_, ‘delicius’ (Prompt.). - -=cockqueene;= the same as =cuckquean.= - -=cockshut time,= twilight. Richard III, v. 3. 70. The twilight, or dim -light in which woodcocks could most easily be caught in _cockshuts_. A -_cockshut_, or _cockshoot_, was a broadway or glade in a wood, through -which woodcocks might dart or _shoot_, and in which they might be caught -with nets; see EDD. ‘A fine _cock-shoot_ evening’, Middleton, The Widow, -iii. 1. 6; cp. Arden of Feversham, iii. 2. 47. - -=cocksure,= absolutely secure. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Court, 279; -Conflict of Conscience, iii. 3. 1 (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 67); with -absolute security, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94. - -=cocoloch;= see =cockloche.= - -=cocted,= boiled. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. _coctus_, pp. -of _coquere_, to cook. - -=cod,= a bag, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 2 (Corin); a civet-bag, musk-bag, B. -Jonson, Epigrams, xix; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). OE. -_codd_, a bag. - -=coddle,= to parboil, to stew; ‘To codle, _coctillo_’, Coles, Dict. -1679; ‘I’ll have you coddled’ (alluding to ‘Prince Pippin’), Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 31. See Dict. In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Coddle, vb.^{3} 1). - -=codes!, coads-nigs!, cuds me!,= ejaculations of surprise, no doubt -orig. profane. _Codes! Codes!_, Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, i. 2 -(Diagoras). _Coads-nigs!,_ Middleton, Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Freedom); -_Cuds me_, ib. (Lucre). - -=cod’s-head,= a stupid fellow, a blockhead. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, -v. 2 (Cat. Bountinall). In prov. use in Derbysh. (EDD.). - -=coffin,= pie-crust, raised crust of a pie. B. Jonson, Staple of News, -ii. 1 (Pennyboy sen.); Titus And. v. 2. 189. So in prov. use in -Lincolnsh. and Hertfordsh., see EDD. (s.v. Coffin, 5). - -=coft=(=e,= _pp._ bought. Mirror for Magistrates, Clarence, st. 49; -Dalrymple, Leslie’s Hist. Scotland (NED.). M. Dutch _coft_(_e_, pret., -and _gecoft_ (mod. _gecocht_), pp. of _copen_, to buy (Verdam); cp. G. -_kaufen_. - -=cog,= to cheat, deceive, Much Ado, v. 1. 95; to employ feigned -flattery, to fawn. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 76; Richard III, i. 3. 48. Still -in use in Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Cog, vb.^{4} 2). - -=cogge,= a kind of ship; chiefly, a ship for transport. Morte Arthur, -leaf 82, back, 30; bk. v, c. 3; _cogg_, a cock-boat, Fairfax, tr. of -Tasso, xiv. 58. OF. _cogue_ (Godefroy). - -=coggle,= _to coggle in_, to flatter continually. Jacob and Esau, ii. 3 -(Mido). See =cog.= - -=cohobation,= a process in alchemy; a repeated distillation. B. Jonson, -Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). See NED. - -=coil, coyle,= to beat, thrash; ‘I shall coil them’, Jacob and Esau, v. -4 (near the end); Roister Doister, iii. 3, l. 7 from end; ‘I coyle ones -kote, I beate hym, _je bastonne_,’ Palsgrave. Hence _coiling_, a -beating, Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 15. ‘Coil’ has still this -meaning in Northumberland, see EDD. (s.v. Coil, vb.^{3}). - -=Cointree,= Coventry. _Cointree blue_, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; -Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 63. - -†=coistered;= ‘There were those at that time who, to try the strength of -a man’s back and his arm, would be coister’d’, Marston, Malcontent, v. -1. 10. Meaning unknown. - -=coistril,= used as a term of contempt, a low varlet; spelt _coystrill_ -Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 43; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2. 137 -(Downright). Cp. _coistrel_, in use in the north country in the sense of -a raw, inexperienced lad (EDD.); ‘A coistrel, _adolescentulus_’, Coles -Dict. 1679. - -=cokes,= a simpleton, dupe. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); -Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug); spelt _cox_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. -Weapons, iii. 1 (Oldcraft). - -=cokes,= to coax. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8; p. 36. - -=colberteen,= a kind of open lace, like network. Congreve, Way of the -World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Swift, Cadenus and Vanessa, 418. Named from -‘Colbert, Superintendent of the French King’s Manufactures’ (Fop’s Dict. -1690). See NED. - -=colcarrier, colecarier,= a coal-carrier, a low dependant, cringing -sycophant; lit. one who will carry coals for another. Golding, tr. of -Ovid, The Epistle, p. 2, l. 86. See =coals.= - -=Cold-harbour, Cole-arbour,= an old building in Dowgate Ward. Westward -Ho, iv. 2 (Justinians); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 3 (Morose); -Middleton, A Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Lucre). For an account of the great -house called Cold Harbrough, see Stow’s Survey, Dowgate Ward (ed. Thoms, -88. 89). - -=cole, coal,= money. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Shamwell). _To post the cole_, to pay the money. See NED. (s.v. Cole, -sb.^{3}). - -=coleharth,= a coal-hearth, or place where a fire has been made; ‘An -Harte passeth by some _coleharthes_ . . . the hote sent of the fire -smoothreth the houndes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; pp. 114-15. - -=coleprophet;= see =col-prophet.= - -=coles:= in phr. _precious coles_, a kind of minced oath. Gascoigne, -Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 80); Return from Parnassus (ed. Arber, 50). See -NED. (s.v. Precious). - -=colestaff;= see =cowl-staff.= - -=colice,= a strong broth, a ‘cullis’. Lyly, Campaspe, iii. 5 (Apelles). -F. ‘_coulis_, a cullis or broth of boyled meat strained’ (Cotgr.). - -=coll,= to embrace. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Spenser, F. Q. -iii. 2. 34; an embrace, Middleton, The Witch, i. 2. Still in use in -Dorset and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coll, vb.^{1}). OF. _coler_ (La -Curne), deriv. of _col_ (F. _cou_), neck. - -=colle-pixie,= a goblin, mischievous sprite. Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Diogenes, § 99. For _colt-pixy_, a sprite in the form of a colt, which -neighs and misleads horses in bogs, a word known in Hants. and Dorset, -the Dorset form is _cole-pexy_, see EDD. (s.v. Colt-pixy). - -=collet,= the part of a ring in which the stone is set. C. Tourneur, -Revengers’ Tragedy, i. 1 (Duchess); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 18. Cp. F. -_collet_, a collar (Cotgr.). - -=collocavit,= used grotesquely to denote some kitchen utensil. Udall, -Roister Doister, iv. 7 (Merygreek). There seems to be an allusion to -=collock,= q.v. - -=collock,= a large pail; ‘Collock, an old word for a Pail’, Phillips, -Coles, 1677. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _colok_, ‘canterus’ (Voc. -771. 30). - -=collogue,= to deal flatteringly with any one; ‘_Trainer sa parole_, to -collogue, to flatter, fawn on’, Cotgrave; to feign agreement, Marston -and Webster, Malcontent, v. 2; to have a private understanding with, -‘They collogued together’, Wood, Life (ed. 1772, p. 172). In prov. use -in many parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland in three senses: (1) to -talk confidentially, (2) to flatter, to wheedle, (3) to plot together -for mischief (EDD.). Cp. L. _colloq-_ in _colloquium_, with change to -_collogue_ under the influence of _dialogue_, _duologue_, &c. - -=collow,= to make black or dirty with coal-dust or soot; Middleton, -Family of Love, iii. 3. 2; ‘_Poisler_, to collow, smut, begryme’, -Cotgrave; ‘I colowe, I make blake with a cole’, Palsgrave. A Cheshire -word, see EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). ME. _colwen_, cp. _colwyd_, -‘carbonatus’ (Prompt. EETS. 91). Cp. =colly.= - -=colly,= to blacken. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. -145; ‘to colly, _denigro_’, Coles, Dict. 1679. In prov. use in various -parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). See =collow.= - -=colon,= the largest human intestine. _To satisfy colon_, to satisfy -one’s hunger, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Belgarde); _to pacify -colon_, id., Picture, ii. 1 (Hilario). - -=colour,= a pretence, appearance of right. Two Gent. iv. 2. 3; Wint. -Tale, iv. 4. 566; _colours_, ensigns, standards, 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 31; -_to fear no colours_, to fear no flags, no enemy, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 6. - -=colour de roy,= bright tawny. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Balurdo). -F. ‘_couleur de roy_, was in old time, Purple; but now is the bright -Tawny, which we also tearm Colour de Roy’ (Cotgr.). - -=colpheg,= to buffet or cuff, Edwards, Damon and Pithias, Anc. Eng. -Drama, i. 85, col. 1; in Dodsley (ed. 1780, i. 209). See NED. (s.v. -Colaphize). - -=colprophet,= a sorcerer, fortune-teller. Mirror for Magistrates, -Glendour, st. 31 and st. 34; spelt _coleprophet_, J. Heywood, Prov. and -Epigr. (ed. 1867, p. 17). - -=colstaff, colestaff;= see =cowl-staff.= - -=colt,= to befool, to ‘take in’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 39; Beaumont and Fl., -Wit without Money, iii. 2. From _colt_ (a young horse), used humorously -for a young or inexperienced person, one easily taken in. Cp. the prov. -use of ‘to colt’, meaning to make a newcomer pay his footing, see EDD. -(s.v. Colt, vb.^{1} 12). - -=comand,= coming. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A northern form. - -=come off,= to pay money, pay a debt. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1 -Court.); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 (end); Merry Wives, iv. 3. 12. - -=com’esta,= how is it? how goes it with you? Massinger, Virgin Martyr, -ii. 3 (Spungius). Span. _cómo está?_, how is it? - -=commandador,= a lieutenant; compared to a common sergeant. B. Jonson, -Volpone, iv. 1 (Sir Pol.). Span. _comendador_, ‘a commander, lieutenant’ -(Minsheu). The Span. vb. _comendar_ orig. meant ‘to commend’. - -=commandments, ten,= ten fingers, or two fists; jocularly. 2 Hen. VI, i. -3. 145; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 63. [‘Be busy with the ten -commandments’, Longfellow, Span. Student, iii. 2 (Cruzado).] Cp. Span. -_los diez mandamiéntos_, the ten commandments; ironically, the ten -fingers (Stevens). - -=commedle,= to commix, mingle. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 25. - -=commence,= to take the full degree of Master or Doctor in any faculty -at a University; _to commence doctor_, to take a doctor’s degree, -Massinger, Emp. of the East, ii. 1 (Chrysapius); Duke of Milan, iv. 1 -(Graccho). - -=commencement,= the great public ceremony, esp. at Cambridge, when -degrees are conferred at the end of the academical year. Brewer, Lingua, -iv. 2 (Common Sense); ‘In Oxford this solemnitie is called an Act, but -in Cambridge they use the French word Commensement’, Harrison, Descr. -England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, 75). - -=commodity,= wares, merchandise; esp. a parcel of goods sold on credit -by a usurer to a needy person, who immediately raised some cash by -reselling them at a lower price, often to the usurer himself; ‘He’s in -for a commodity of brown paper and old ginger’, Measure for M. iv. 3. 5; -advantage, profit, ‘I will turn diseases to commodity’, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2 -(end); Bacon, Essay 41, § 1. - -=communicate,= to share in, partake of; ‘Thousands that communicate our -loss’, B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tib.). - -=communication,= conversation, talk. BIBLE, Luke xxiv. 17; Eph. iv. 29; -this rendering of the Gk. λόγος is due to Tyndal, ‘communicacion’; -‘(Cardinal Morton), gentill in communication’, More, Utopia (ed. Arber, -36). - -=companiable,= sociable, companionable. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. -217. ME. _companyable_, ‘socialis’ (Prompt.). A deriv. of OF. _compain_, -orig. nom. of _compagnon_; Anglo-F. _cumpainz_ (Ch. Rol. 285). - -=companion,= used as term of contempt, a fellow. Com. of Errors, iv. 4. -64; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 102. Cp. the use of _kumpân_ (OF. _compain_) in -the MLG. poem Reinke de Vos, 1984 (ed. Bartsch, p. 293). - -=compass,= to obtain, win (an object). Two Gent. ii. 4. 214; Pericles, -i. 2. 24; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 28. - -=compass,= range, arc described by an arrow. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, -ii. 2 (Somerton); Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 145). - -=complement,= that which goes to ‘complete’ the character of a gentleman -in regard to external appearance or demeanour. Hen. V, ii. 2. 134; B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Carlo). - -=complimentary,= a master of defence, who published works upon the -compliments and ceremonies of duelling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. -2 (Crites). - -=compromit,= to submit, esp. to submit to a compromise. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. F. _compromettre_, to put unto compromise -(Cotgr.). - -=compter,= a ‘counter’, for children to play with. Conflict of -Conscience, iv. 5 (Conscience); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 108. - -=comptible,= liable to give an ‘account’ of, sensitive to. Twelfth Nt. -i. 5. 186. - -=comrogue,= a fellow-rogue. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1. 10; B. Jonson, -Masque of Augurs (Groom). A jocular word; for _comrade_. Also -_comrague_, Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (1 Soldier); Heywood and Brome, -Lancashire Witches, 1634 (sig. K., Dyce). - -=con:= phr. _to con thanks_, to acknowledge thanks, to be grateful. -All’s Well, iv. 3. 174; Timon, iv. 3. 428. See NED. (s.v. Con, vb.^{1} -4). - -=con.,= short for _contra_, against; ‘Now for the con’, Beaumont and -Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet). Cp. the phrase _pro_ and _con_. - -=concavite,= concave or hollow sphere of the sky; ‘Where is become that -azure _concavite_?’ (riming with _infinite_), Mirror for Mag., Robert of -Normandy, st. 113. - -=conceit,= what is conceived in the mind, conception, idea. Othello, -iii. 3. 115; Merch. Venice, iii. 4. 2; faculty of conceiving, mental -capacity, As You Like It, v. 2. 60; imagination, fancy, 2 Hen. IV, ii. -4. 263; used of articles of fanciful design, Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 33. - -=conceited,= full of imagination or fancy; ‘The conceited painter’, -Lucrece, 1371; disposed to playful fancy, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. -3 (Ariosto); B. Jonson, Every Man in Humour, iii. 2. 29; curiously -designed, Chapman, Homer, Iliad ix, 85; _conceitedly_, ingeniously, -Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 3 (Vortigern). - -=conceive,= to understand, to take the meaning of (a person); ‘Nay, -conceive me, conceive me, sweet Coz’, Merry Wives, i. 1. 250; Spenser, -State Ireland (Works, Globe ed. 666). - -=concent,= harmony, concord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 5; (_consent_), -Hen. V, i. 2. 181. L. _concentus_, a singing together. - -=concinnitie,= harmony, congruity, propriety. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 20, § last but one. L. _concinnitas_. - -=conclusions, to try,= to try experiments, or an experiment. Hamlet, -iii. 4. 195; Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 1 (near end). - -=concrew,= to grow together. Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40. Cp. F. -_concrû_, pp. of _concroítre_. - -=cond,= taught. Only in Drayton, Pol. xii. 206. See NED. (s.v. Con, -vb.^{1} 5). - -=condiscend,= for _condescent_, acquiescence, agreement, consent; lit. -condescension. Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 14. 17. - -=condition,= provision, stipulation; = on condition that, Tr. and Cr. i. -2. 78; Massinger, Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); Shirley, Young Admiral, -iii. 2 (Fabio); mental disposition, temper, character, Merch. Ven. i. 2. -143; Hen. V, v. 1. 83. - -=condog,= to concur, ‘_Concurre_? _condogge_?’, Lyly, Gallathea, i. 1 -(Raffe); ‘To agree, _concurre_, _cohere_, _condog_’; Cockeram’s Dict. -(1642), second part. A whimsical alteration of _concur_, made by -substituting _dog_ for _cur_. The usual tale about this word is wholly -without foundation; see NED. - -=conduct,= conductor. Richard II, iv. 157; Romeo, iii. 1. 129; v. 3. -116. - -=conduction,= guidance, leadership. North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, -§ 21 (in Shak. Plut., p. 40, n. 7); Robinson, tr. of Utopia, bk. ii; ed. -Arber, p. 138. L. _conductio_; from _conducere_, to conduct. - -=coney,= a rabbit. In compounds: _Cony-burrow_, a rabbit-warren, Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando), spelt _coney borough_, B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay); _coney-catch_, to cheat, dupe, Merry -Wives, i. 1. 128; Humour out of Breath, iv. 3 (Hortensio); -_conie-catcher_, a cheat, Sir Thos. More, i. 4. 205; _coney-garth_, a -rabbit-warren, Palsgrave; spelt _cony gat_, Peele, Works (ed. Dyce, p. -579); _conyger_, Horman, Vulgaria (NED.); _conygree_, Turbervile, -Venerie, 184. For etymology of these ‘coney’ words see NED. - -=confine,= to send beyond the confines, to banish. Webster, Appius, v. 3 -(Virginius). Dyce gives five more examples, all from Heywood. And see -Dyce’s Webster, p. 375. - -=confins,= inhabitants of adjacent regions. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i, c. 20, § 12. L. _confines_, pl., neighbours. - -=confluent,= affluent, abounding in. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad ix, -157. In this sense found only here. - -=congee,= a bow; orig. at taking one’s leave. Dryden, Prol. to The Loyal -Brother, 25; Marlowe, Edward II, v. 4; to take ceremonious leave, ‘I -have congied with the Duke’, All’s Well, iv. 3. 103. OF. _congie_, leave -of absence, dismission. See Dict. - -=conglobate,= gathered as into a globe, compressed. Dryden, Death of -Lord Hastings, 35. - -=congrue,= fitting, suitable; ‘Congrue Latine’, Latin that can be -parsed, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. _congru_ -(Littré); L. _congruus_, agreeing, suitable. - -=congrue,= to agree, accord. Hen. V, i. 2. 182 (Qu.); Hamlet, iv. 3. 66 -(Qq.). L. _congruere_. - -=conjure,= to call upon solemnly, to adjure. Two Gent. ii. 7. 2; Hamlet, -iv. 3. 67; to influence by incantation, or the adjuring of spirits, -Timon, i. 1. 7; to swear together, to conspire, Milton, P. L. ii. 693; -Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 26. - -=consilliadory,= pl. councillors. City Nightcap, i. 1 (Abstemia); iii. 1 -(Lorenzo). Ital. _consigliatori_, pl.; from _consiglio_, council. - -=consort,= a ‘concert’ of musical instruments. Webster, Devil’s -Law-case, 1. 23 from the end; Northward Ho, ii. 1; Beaumont and Fl., -King and No King, v. 2 (Lygones). - -=conster,= to construe; a common spelling in old editions of -Shakespeare, &c. - -=consumedly,= excessively; ‘I believe they talked of me; for they -laughed consumedly’, Farquhar, Beaux Stratagem, iii. 1 (Scrub); -consumedly in love’, id., iii. 2 (Scrub). - -=conteck,= strife, discord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 64; Shep. Kal., May, -163; Sept., 86. ME. _contek_, strife (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2003, B. 4122). -Anglo-F. _contec_, ‘débat, querelle’ (Moisy); contention (Gower, Mirour, -4647). See Dict. M. and S. - -=continent,= one of the concentric ‘spheres’ in the Ptolemaic system of -astronomy; each hollow crystal sphere carried with it one of the seven -planets that revolved round the earth, each planet being attached to the -concave surface of its own sphere. ‘As true . . . as doth that orbed -continent [that spherical solar shell retain] the fire That severs day -from night’ [i.e. the sun], Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 278; ‘Nor doth the moon no -nourishment exhale From her moist continent to higher orbs’ (i.e. from -her own sphere to the spheres beyond), Milton, P. L. v. 422; ‘All -subject under Luna’s continent’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1148); -scene 9. 62 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D); ‘Luna, . . . trembling upon her -concave continent’, iv. 1 (1543); scene 11. 15 (W.); p. 172, col. 1 -(D.). Cp. ‘Judging the concave circle of the sun To hold the rest in his -circumference’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1122); scene 9. 36 (W.); p. -167, col. 1 (D.). - -=contrive,= to wear out, to spend; ‘Three ages, such as mortall men -contrive’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 48; Tam. Shrew, i. 2. L. _contrivi_, -pt. t. of _conterere_, to wear away; cp. ‘totum hunc contrivi diem’, -Terence, Hec. 5. 3. 17. Not the same word as mod. E. _contrive_. See -Nares. - -=conundrum,= a whim, crotchet, conceit. B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 7 -(Volpone). - -=convent,= to convene, summon together, summon. Coriolanus, ii. 2. 59; -Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. - -=convert,= to cause to return, to bring back; ‘Or if I stray he doth -convert, And bring my minde in frame’, Herbert, Temple, Ps. xxiii; to -turn aside from (intrans.), ‘When thou from youth convertest’, Sh. Sonn. -xi. - -=convertite,= a professed convert to a religious faith, Marlowe, Jew of -Malta, i. 2 (Barabas); a person converted to a better course of action, -King John, v. 1. 19. - -=convey,= a cant term for to steal. Merry Wives, i. 3. 52; Richard II, -v. 317. Hence _conveyance_, trickery, artifice, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 160. - -=convince,= to overcome, overpower; ‘I will with wine and wassal so -convince’, Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 21; to prove a -person to be guilty, ‘Which of you convinceth mee of sinne?’ BIBLE, John -viii. 46; Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 129; Webster, Appius and Virg. v. 3; Mirror -for Mag., Glocester. st. 43; to refute in argument, ‘It sufficeth to -convince atheism, but not to inform religion’, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. -681. - -=convive,= one who feasts with others, a table-companion. Beaumont, -Psyche, x. 211; to feast together, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 272. F. _convive_, -a guest; L. _conviva_, one who lives or feasts with others. - -=cony;= see =coney.= - -=cooling card,= a winning card in a card-game, that dashes the hopes of -the adversary. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 84; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, -ii. 2 (Flavia). - -=copartiment,= a compartment, panel. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 -(last line). Ital. _compartimento_, a partition. - -=copatain hat,= a high-crowned hat (?). Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 69; ‘A -copetain hatte made on a Flemmishe blocke’, Gascoigne, Works, i. 375. -Prob. the same as _copintank_, _copentank_, a high-crowned hat in the -form of a sugar-loaf; ‘A high cop-tank hat,’ North, tr. of Plutarch, M. -Antonius, § 30. See NED. (s.v. Copintank). - -=cope,= a purchase, bargain. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 3 (351); scene 3. 5 -(W.); p. 157, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘cope’, a prov. word meaning to exchange, -barter, heard in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Cope, -vb.^{2} 1). Dutch _koop_, a sale, a buying. See Dict. (s.v. Cope, 3). - -=copel,= a small pot made of bone-ash, used for melting gold or silver. -Sir T. Browne, Urn-burial, ch. iii, § 18. Spelt _coppell_, Bacon, Sylva, -§ 799. F. _coupelle_, ‘a Coppell, the little Ashen pot or vessel wherein -Goldsmiths melt or fine their Metals’ (Cotgr.); see Estienne, -Précellence, 142 (Lexique-Index, 400). _Coupelle_ is a deriv. of -_coupe_, a cup. Med. L. _cuppa_ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Cupel). - -=copeman,= a chapman. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.). See =cope.= - -=copemate, copesmate,= a person with whom one ‘copes’ or contends, an -adversary. Golding, Metam. xii (ed. 1593, 279); Chapman, All Fools, ii -(Valerio); a companion, comrade, Greene, Upstart Courtier (ed. 1871, 4), -used _fig._ Lucrece, 925; _female copesmate_, mistress, paramour, B. -Jonson, Every Man, iv. 10 (Knowell). - -=coppe,= the top, summit. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 202. 18; lf. 232, -back, 26. Hence _copped_, peaked, Pericles, i. 1. 101; ‘High-copt hats’, -Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. ME. cop: ‘the cop of the hill’ (Wyclif, -Luke iv. 29). OE _copp_. - -=copy,= abundance, copiousness. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 -Carlo); Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Placentia). L. _copia_. - -=copy,= copyhold, tenure of land ‘by copy’, i.e. according to the ‘copy’ -of the manorial court-roll, used _fig._ Macbeth, iii. 2. 38. - -=coracine,= a kind of fish like a perch, found in the Nile. Middleton, -Game at Chess, v. 3. 10. L. _coracinus_, Gk. κορακῖνος, from κόραξ, a -raven, from its black colour. - -=corant;= see =courant.= - -=coranto,= a quick dance. Hen. V, iii. 5. 33; Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, -iii. 2 (Kickshaw). Ital. _coranto_, ‘a kinde of French dance’ (Florio); -cp. F. _courante_, ‘a curranto’ (Cotgr.). See =courant.= - -=corasive,= a sharp remedy, severe reproach. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, -p. 154). See =corsive.= - -=corbe,= short for =corbel.= Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 6. - -=corbe, courbe,= bent, crooked. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 56. ME. -_courbe_ (Gower, C. A. i. 1687). F. _courbe_, L. _curvus_. - -=corbed up,= (prob.) controlled, as by a curb, curbed. Marston, Antonio, -Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo). - -=cordwain,= Spanish leather, orig. made at Cordova. Spenser, F. Q. vi. -2. 6; Drayton, Eclogues, iv. 177. Spelt _cordevan_, Fletcher, Faith. -Shepherdess, i. 1. 21. Span. _cordován_, Spanish leather (Stevens). - -=coresie,= vexation, a corroding, gnawing annoyance. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 19. 24. In prov. use in Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Corrosy). F. -_corrosif_ (Cotgr.); for the change of suffix, cp. _hasty_, the E. -representative of F. _hastif_. See =corsive.= - -=corned,= horned, peaked, pointed; said of shoes. Skelton, Maner of the -World, 26; Greene, Description of Chaucer, 13; ed. Dyce, p. 320. Cp. F. -_corné_, horned (Cotgr.). - -=cornel,= a little grain, granule; ‘Bread is of many _cornels_ -compounded’, Conflict of Conscience, iv. 1 (Philologus); in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 83. - -=cornel,= a javelin made of cornel-wood. Used to translate L. _cornus_, -Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 406. - -=cornelian,= the fruit of the cornel-tree. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1. - -=cornes,= pl. kinds of corn; corn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8, back, 4; -lf. 88. 14. - -=cornet,= a troop of horse; so called from its standard, which was a -long horn-shapen pennon. 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 25; Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 2. -41. F. _cornette_, ‘a Cornet of Horse; the Ensign of a horse-company’ -(Cotgr.). - -=cornet,= a head-dress formerly worn by ladies; ‘Her cornet blacke’, -Surrey, Complaint that his Ladie kept her face hidden, 2; in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 12. F. _cornette_, a horned head-dress; dim. of _corne_, a -horn. - -=cornet,= some kind of ornament (?); ‘With cornets at their footmen’s -breeches’, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 872. - -=cornuto,= a cuckold. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71. Ital. _cornuto_, a -cuckold; lit. ‘furnished with horns’ (Florio). - -=coronal,= a wreath of flowers, a garland. Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, -i. 1. 11; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53. - -=coronel,= a ‘colonel’. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 656, l. -9; _lieutenant-coronel_, B. Jonson, Every Man, iii. 5 (Knowell). Span. -_coronel_, Ital. _colonello_, ‘a Colonel of a Regiment’ (Florio); a -deriv. of _colonna_, cp. F. _colonne_ de troupes, a column, a formation -of troops narrow laterally and deep from front to rear; see Hatzfeld. - -=correption,= reproof, rebuke. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 30: -Augustus, § 12. L. _correptio_; deriv. of _corripere_, to reprove. - -=corrigidor, corregidor,= a Spanish magistrate. Machin, Dumb Knight, v. -1 (Cyprus); Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 13. 58. See Stanford. - -=corrol,= to crimson, to make like ‘coral’; ‘The . . . sunne _corrols_ -his cheeke’, Herrick, A Nuptial Verse to Mistress E. Lee, 4. - -=corser,= a dealer, esp. a horse-dealer. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 119. -15; spelt _courser_, Beaumont and Fl., The Captain, v. 1 (Father). ME. -_corser_, Wyclif, Works (ed. 1880, p. 172); _corsowre of horse_, ‘mange’ -(Prompt. 94), Anglo-F. _cossour_, A.D. 1310, see Riley’s Memorials of -London, Pref., p. xxii, Med. L. _cociatorem_, a broker, factor, dealer, -cp. _cocio_ (Ducange). The Ital. _cozzone_, a horse-courser (Florio), is -from _coctionem_, a later form of _cocionem_, see Diez, 112. - -=corsive,= for _corrosive_; anything that corrodes, grief, distress. B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1. 7; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 14; -Drayton, Barons’ Wars, iv. 14. See =coresie.= - -=cortine,= a curtain (military term); a plain wall in a fortification; -the wall between two bastions, &c. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. -Can.). F. _courtine_ (_cortine_), a curtain; and (in fortification) the -plainness of the wall between bulwark and bulwark (Cotgr.); in the same -sense Ital. _cortina_ (Florio). - -=coscinomancy,= divination by means of a sieve. From Gk. κόσκινον, a -sieve; and suffix _-mancy_, as in _necro-mancy_, &c. Hence the compound -_necro-puro-geo-hydro-cheiro-coscino-mancy_. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3 -(Alb.), where _puro-_ should be _pyro-_. Sometimes the sieve was -suspended by a thread; otherwise, it was used in conjunction with a pair -of shears, as described in Brand, Popular Antiq. iii. 351; cp. Butler, -Hudibras, ii, 3. 569. - -=coshering,= the right claimed by Irish chiefs of quartering themselves -upon their dependants. Davies, Why Ireland (ed. 1747, 169); feasting, -Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier); also, _coshery_, feasting, -Stanyhurst tr. Virgil, Aeneid i, 707. Spenser in his State of Ireland -mentions _cosshirh_ as one of the customary services claimed by the -Irish Lord (ed. Morris. 623). Ir. _cóisir_, feasting, entertainment -(Dinneen). ‘In modern times coshering means simply a friendly visit to a -neighbour’s house to have a quiet talk’, Joyce, English as we speak it -in Ireland, 240. - -=cosier;= see =cozier.= - -=cosset,= a pet lamb. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 42; also _fig._ B. -Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Mrs. Litt.). In prov. use in Glouc., E. -Anglia, and Kent, meaning a lamb or colt brought up by hand, also, an -indulged child, a pet animal (EDD.). - -=cost,= the rib of a ship. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Cymbal). -L. _costa_ (navium) (Pliny). - -=cost;= see =coast.= - -=costard,= the head. Applied jocularly to the head, as being like a very -large apple. ME. _costard_, an apple; lit. a ‘ribbed’ apple; from OF. -_coste_, L. _costa_, a rib. Hence _costard-monger_ or _coster-monger_, -orig. a seller of apples. See EDD. - -=coste,= to move beside; to keep up with a hunted animal. Morte Arthur, -leaf 382, back, 19; bk. xviii, c. 19. See =coast.= - -=cot, cott,= a little boat. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 9. Many places in -Ireland derive their names from this ‘cot’; see Joyce. Irish Names of -Places, i. 226. Still in use in the north of Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. -Cot, sb.^{4}). Irish _coit_, _coite_, a small boat, a skiff (Dinneen), -Gael. _coit_, a kind of canoe used on rivers (Macleod). - -=cote, coat= (in coursing), of one of two dogs running together: to pass -by its fellow so as to give the hare a turn (NED.); _fig._ to pass by, -to outstrip. Hamlet, ii. 2. 330; L. L. L. iv. 3. 87; Chapman, Iliad, -xxiii. 324; _coat_, the action of coting, Drayton, Pol. xxiii (ed. 1748, -p. 356). - -=cote,= to quote. Udall, Paraph. N.T., Pref. (NED.); Middleton, A Mad -World, i.2 (Cour.). - -=cothurnal,= tragic; ‘Cothurnal buskins’, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 -(Tucca). L. _cothurnus_; Gk. κόθορνος, a high boot. The _cothurnus_ was -worn by actors of tragedy. - -=cot-quean,= the housewife of a labourer’s hut. Nashe, Almond for -Parrat, 5; a coarse, vulgar, scolding woman, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 -(Jupiter addressing Juno); used contemptuously of a man who acts the -housewife, and busies himself unduly in household matters, Romeo, iv. 4. -9; Addison, Spect. (1712) No. 482; spelt _quot-quean_, Beaumont and Fl., -Love’s Cure, ii. 2. 6; _to play the cotqueane_, Heywood, Gunaik. iv. 180 -(NED.). Cp. use of _cot_ and _molly-cot_ in Cheshire and Yorkshire, see -EDD. (s.v. Cot, sb.^{1} 1). - -=Cotswold,= pronounced _Cotsal_ in Shaks., Fol. 1, Merry Wives, i. 1. -93; _a Cotsal man_, an athletic man, such as lived in the Cotswold -Hills, a district famous for athletic sports, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 23; _a -Cotsold lion_, a humorous expression for a sheep of that country, Udall, -Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 70), iv. 6 (Merygreek). ‘As fierce as a lion -of Cotswold, i.e. a sheep’, Fuller’s Worthies (Bohn’s Proverbs, 204). - -=cotton:= in phr. _this geer_ (or _gear_) _will cotton_, this stuff will -come to a good nap, this thing will succeed. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. -8 (Thomas); Middleton, Inner Temple Masque (Second Antimasque). - -=couch,= to place, arrange, order. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. -7, § 6; to cause to cower, Lucrece, 507; to place a lance in rest, 1 -Hen. VI, iii. 2. 134. - -=couch:= in phr. _to couch a hogshead_, to lie down and sleep. (Cant.) -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. - -=couchee,= an evening court-reception. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 516; -‘The King’s Couchée’, Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 1; the equivalent of -_Le Coucher du Roi_, or simply _Le Coucher_, the reception which -preceded the king’s going to bed. Cp. Dict. Acad. Fr. 1786 (s.v. -Coucher, s.m.), ‘Il se trouve au lever et au coucher du Roi.’ For the E. -form of the word compare our _levee_ for F. _lever_, ‘réception dans la -chambre d’un roi au moment où il se lève’ (Hatzfeld). - -=couch-quail, to play.= The same as _to couch as a quail_; to cower, -crouch down; see Thersytes, 20; Skelton, Speke Parrot, 420. Cp. -Chaucer’s ‘Thou shalt make him couche as dooth a quaille’ (C. T. E. -1206). - -=coul,= to trim the feather of an arrow along the top. Ascham, -Toxophilus, pp. 128, 129, 131, 133. Cp. _cowl_, to gather, collect, -scrape together, a north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, vb.^{2} 1). - -=could, coud, couth,= _pt. t._, knew, knew how to. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. -5; Shep. Kal., Jan., 10. (Common). See =can.= - -=couleuvre,= a snake. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 92. 21; spelt -_couleure_, id., lf. 91, back, 19. F. _couleuvre_. - -=countant,= accountant; liable to be called upon to give account. -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin). - -=countenance,= bearing, demeanour, behaviour; authority, favour, credit; -show of politeness. As You Like It, i. 1. 19; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 234; 1 -Hen. IV, i. 2. 33; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (end). The senses are -variable and elusive. - -=counter,= an encounter. Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 207. - -=counter,= a counter-tenor voice. Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (3 Clown). -See the context. - -=counter, compter,= a prison, chiefly for debtors, attached to a city -court; ‘One o’ your city pounds, the counters’, B. Jonson, Every Man, -ii. 1 (Downright). The sheriffs of London had each his compter; one was -in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street, Cheapside. There were three -degrees of rooms for the prisoners: those on the Master’s side (the -best), the Twopenny Ward, and the Hole (for the poorest), Middleton, -Roaring Girl, iii. 3 (Sir Alexander). Those in the Hole were fed from -‘the basket’; see =basket.= Note that, according to Gascoigne, there -were _three_ Counters, the third being in Bread Street. ‘In Woodstreat, -Bredstreat, and in Pultery’, Steel Glas, 791. In Stow’s Survey of London -‘the Compter in the Poultrie’ is mentioned (ed. Thoms, p. 99), and ‘the -Compter in Bread Street’ (ib., p. 131). - -=counterfeit,= a likeness, portrait, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 115; Timon, v. -1. 83. Phr. _a pair of counterfeits_, used in the sense of vamps, or -fore-parts of the upper leather of a shoe, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, -iv. 2 (Firk). - -=counterfesaunce,= counterfeiting, dissimulation. Spencer, F. Q. i. 8. -49; iv. 4. 27. OF. _contrefaisance_, counterfeiting (Godefroy). - -=countermure,= to wall round, to fence in. Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 7. -16. F. _contremurer_, Ital. ‘_contramurare_, to countermure’ (Florio). - -=counterpoint,= a counterpane for a bed. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 353. F. -‘_contrepoinct_, a quilt, counterpoint’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. -Counterpane). - -=counterscarf,= a ‘counterscarp’, or outer wall or slope of the ditch, -which supports the covered way of a fort. Heywood, Four Prentises -(Godfrey); vol. ii, p. 242; id. London’s Mirror, fourth Show. F. -_contrescarpe_ (Rabelais), Ital. _contrascarpa_; see Estienne, Préc. -351; _scarpa_, slope of a wall. - -=county,= a count, as a title, Romeo, i. 3. 105; Merch. Venice, i. 2. -48. (Frequent.) - -=couped,= cut, cut clean off, with a smooth edge (in heraldry). Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 3. 214. F. _couper_, to cut. - -=coupee,= a dance step; the dancer rests on one foot, and passes the -other forward or backward, with a sort of salutation. Wycherley, Gent. -Dancing-master, iii. 1; Steele, Tender Husband, iii. 1 (Mrs. Clerimont). -F. _coupé_, ‘mouvement par lequel on coupe un espace; (Danse) Pas -composé d’un plié avec changement de pied suivi d’un glissé’ (Hatzfeld). - -=cour,= to cover; _Pt. t._, _courd_; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 9. See NED. -(s.v. Cover). - -=courant,= a dance with a running or gliding step; a coranto. Etherege, -Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). -See =coranto.= - -=courant, corant,= an express message; a newspaper. B. Jonson, Magn. -Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Underwoods, lxi. 81. F. _courant_, running, a -runner; from _courir_, to run. - -=coursing,= succession in due ‘course’. Only in the following passage: -‘My Ladye Mary and my Ladye Elizabeth . . . by succession and course are -inheritours to the crowne. Who yf they shulde mary with straungers, what -should ensue God knoweth. But God graunt they never come vnto _coursyng_ -nor succedynge.’ Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 30). - -=courteau;= see =curtal.= - -=court holy-water,= a proverbial phrase for flattery, and fine words -without deeds; ‘Court holy-water in a dry house is better than this -rainwater out o’ door’, King Lear, iii. 2. 10; ‘Her unperformed promise -was the first court holy-water which she sprinkled amongst the people’, -Fuller, Ch. Hist. viii. 1. 6; ‘Court-holy-water, _Promissa rei expertia, -fumus aulicus_’, Coles, 1699; ‘_Eau beniste de cour_, court holy-water, -fair words, flattering speeches’, Cotgrave. See Nares. - - Also, =court holy bread;= ‘He feeds thee with nothing but court - holy bread, good words’, Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, ii. 3 - (M. Honeysuckle). - -=courtnoll, courtnold,= a contemptuous term for a courtier. Peele, Sir -Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 516; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 51 From -_court_, and _noll_, the head, hence, a person (_nowl_ in Shakespeare). - -=court-passage,= a game at dice. Middleton, Women beware, ii. 2 -(Guardiano). See =passage.= - -=coustreling,= a lad, knave, groom. Only in Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 -(Merygreek). See =coistril.= - -=covenable,= fit, suitable, becoming, of becoming appearance; ‘A sonne -called Philip, a right covenable and gracious man’, Berners, Froissart, -ccclxxix. 635; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 11, § 6. OF. and -Prov. _convenable_ (_cov-_). ME. _covenable_, fit, proper, suitable, -agreeable (Chaucer). - -=covent,= a ‘convent’. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 849; Meas. for M. iv. 3. -133. ME. _covent_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1827). The old form remains in -‘Covent Garden’. Anglo-F. _cuvent_ (Rough List). - -=cover:= phr. _be covered_, put on your hat. As You Like It, v. 1. 18; -Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). (There are endless -compliments about wearing a hat in old plays.) - -=covert:= phr. _under covert-baron_, in the condition of a woman who is -protected by her husband. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 2 (Miss N.); -_under covert-barn_, under protection, Phoenix, iii. 1 (Falso). Anglo-F. -_feme couverte baroun_, for _couverte de baroun_, a woman protected by -her husband (Rough List). See Cowell, Interp. (s.v. Coverture). - -=covetise,= covetousness. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle); Kyd, -Cornelia, i. l. 26. ME. _covetyse_, ‘avaricia’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. -_coveitise_, cp. Ital. _cupidigia_ (Dante). - -=cowardry,= cowardice. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 511; _cowardree_, -Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 986. - -=cowith,= the commonest form of Welsh bardic verse, Drayton, Pol. iv. -183 (notes 59 and 67). Wel. _cywydd_. - -=cowl-staff, coul-staff, cole-staff,= a stout pole orig. used for -carrying a ‘cowl’ or tub, esp. a water-tub; ‘Cudgels, colestaves’, -Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio); Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; Select -Records Oxford, 92. _Cowl_, for a large tub or barrel, is in prov. use -in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, sb.^{2} 1 and 2). ME. -_cowle_ (Prompt., in Harl. MS.). - -=cowshard,= a piece of cowdung. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 19; ‘_Bouse -de vache_, the dung of a cow, a cow-shard’, Cotgrave. In use in Yorks., -Lanc., Derby., and Wilts. (EDD.). - -=coxcomb,= a fool’s cap; lit. _cock’s comb_. King Lear, i. 4. 105; also -jocularly, the head, ib. ii. 4. 125. - -=coy,= to render quiet, appease. Palsgrave; to stroke soothingly, to -caress, Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 2; _to coy it_, to behave coyly, to -affect shyness, Massinger, New Way, iii. 2. OF. _coi_, still, quiet, O. -Prov. _quet_, ‘coi, tranquille’ (Levy), Romanic type _quetu-_, L. -_quiētum_. See =quoying.= - -=coystrel.= In Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1119, a corrupt form of -‘kestrel’ (a base kind of hawk). - -=coystril;= see =coistril.= - -=cozier, cosier,= a cobbler. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 97; ‘A cosier or cobler, -_remendón_’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. 1599. OF. _cousere_, a seamster, one -who sews (Godefroy), _couseör_, acc., O. Prov. _cozedor_, ‘couturier’ -(Levy); deriv. from _cosere_, to sew, Romanic type representing L. -_consuere_, to sew together; see Hatzfeld. - -=craboun,= corrupt form of ‘carbine’. ‘Discharge thy craboun’, Return -from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Ingenioso). - -=craccus,= a kind of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 -(Trimtram); Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia); where ed. -1625 has _cracus_ (mod. ed. _crocus_). NED. suggests that the word means -tobacco of Caraccas, in Venezuela. - -=crack,= a pert, forward boy. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Induct. (3 -Child); Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Usher). Hence _your crackship_, -address to a page, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). -_Crack-halter_, playfully ‘a rogue’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 30; -Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Song). Also _crack-hempe_, Tam. Shrew, v. -1. 46; and _crack-rope_, ‘_Baboin_, a crack-rope, wag-halter, unhappie -rogue, retchlesse villaine’, Cotgrave; Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in -Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88 (Hazlitt, iv. 68). - -=crack,= to talk big, boast, brag. L. L. L. iv. 3. 268; spelt _crake_, -Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 50; Sir Thos. More, i. 2. 29. Hence _cracker_, -boaster, King John, ii. 1. 147. The vb. _crack_ in this sense is in -prov. use in Scotland and in England in the north country, Midlands, and -E. Anglia. ME. _crakyn_, to boast; ‘_crakere_, bost-maker’ (Prompt. -EETS. 393). - -=crack,= to damage, impair. Phr. _cracked within the ring_, said of a -coin cracked at the rim; but constantly used with reference to impaired -virginity. Hamlet, ii. 2. 448; Beaumont and Fl., Captain, ii. 1 -(Jacomo). The _ring_ was the inmost circle around the inscription; a -piece cracked _within_ that ring could be legally refused, and was no -longer current. - -=crackmans,= a hedge. (Cant.) ‘At the crackmans’, beside the hedge, B. -Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). See NED. - -=crag,= the neck. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 82, Sept., 45. A -north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Crag, sb.^{3}). - -=craggue,= a lean, scraggy person. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Diogenes, § 150. - -=crake;= see =crack.= - -=crambe,= cabbage, in literary use only _fig._, and gen. in reference to -the L. phrase _crambe repetita_, cabbage served up again, applied by -Juvenal (Sat. vii. 154) to any tedious repetition. ‘Our Prayers . . . -the same Crambe of words’, Milton, Animadv. ii.; Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Medici, last §. Gk. κράμβη, a kind of cabbage. - -=crambe, crambo,= a game in which one player gives a word or a line of a -poem to which each of the others has to find a rime; if any one repeated -a previous suggestion he had to pay a forfeit; ‘Crambe, another of the -Divells games’, B. Jonson, Devill an Ass, v. 5; ‘Playing at Crambo in -the waggon’, Pepys, Diary (May 20, 1660). - -†=cramocke,= a crooked stick. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 6. Corrupt -form of =cammock.= - -=cramp-ring,= a ring supposed to be a remedy against cramp, falling -sickness, and the like; esp. one of those which the Kings of England -used to hallow on Good Friday for this purpose. Boorde, Introd. (ed. -Furnivall, p. 121); Berners, Letter in Brand Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1813, l. -129); Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.); Cartwright, The -Ordinary, iii. 1 (Moth). - -=cramp-stone,= the stone in a ‘cramp-ring’. Massinger, The Picture, v. -1. - -=cranewes,= pl., embrasures between battlements; crannies, apertures. -‘Cranewes of the walls of the city’; North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, -§ 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 131); id., M. Antonius, § 42 (in Shak. Plut., -p. 222). OF. _creneaux_, pl. of _crenel_, a battlement, an embrasure, -see Estienne, Préc. 358. - -=Cranion,= a proper name given to a fly, the charioteer of Queen Mab; -‘Fly Cranion, her charioteer, Upon her coach-box getting’, Drayton, -Nymphidia, st. 17. _Sir Cranion-legs_, thin legs, like a fly or spider; -B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). - -=crank,= lively, brisk, merry; also as _adv._; ‘_Joyeux_, as crank as a -cock-sparrow’, Cotgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 46; Middleton, -Trick to Catch the Old One, i. 3 (end); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several -Weapons, iii. 1 (Gregory); Sea-Voyage, iv. 3. 2. _Crank_ is used in this -sense in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crank, adj.^{2}). -_Crankly_, briskly, Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 552). - -=crank,= a beggar who shams illness. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4. -See Harman, Caveat, p. 51. Du. _krank_, ill, sick. - -=crank,= to run in a winding course, to twist and turn about. Venus and -Ad. 682; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 98; a winding path, Coriolanus, i. 1. 143; -_cranks_, pl. bends, turnings, Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 28; Spenser, F. -Q. vii. 7. 52. - -=crankle,= to twist and turn about. Drayton, Pol. vii. 198; xii. 572; -‘_Serpenter_, to wriggle, wagle, crankle’, Cotgrave. A Leicestersh. -word, see EDD. (s.v. Crankling). - -†=crapish= (meaning unknown); ‘Scandalous and crapish’, Otway, Soldier’s -Fortune, i. 1 (3 W.). Only in this place. - -=crash,= a merry bout, a revel. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 2. 5. See -EDD. (s.v. Crash, sb.^{1} 4). - -=cratch,= a crib, manger; ‘The Coffin of our Christmas Pies in shape -long is in imitation of the Cratch’, Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 33); -‘Cratche for hors or oxen, _creche_’, Palsgrave; ‘_Presepio_, a cratch, -a rack, a manger, a crib or a critch’, Florio. In prov. use in various -parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cratch sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _cracche_ -(_cratche_), so Wyclif, Is. i. 3, and Luke ii. 7. OF. _creche_, O. Prov. -_crepia_, _crepcha_ (Levy). - -=cratch,= to scratch; ‘I cratche with my nayles’, Palsgrave. ME. -_cracche_, to scratch (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2834.). - -=craze,= to break, crack, burst. Richard III, iv. 4. 17; ‘Craze bars’, -Heywood, The Fair Maid, iii. 4 (Bess); ‘God will craze their chariot -wheels’, Milton, P. L. xii. 210. Still in use in the west country in the -sense of to ‘crack’, said of glass, china, or church bells (EDD.). - -=creak;= see =cry creak.= - -=creancer, creauncer,= one to whom is entrusted the charge of another; a -guardian; a tutor. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 129, l. 102; id. Garl. of -Laurell, 1226. Deriv. of OF. _creance_, belief, trust, Med. L. -_credentia_, ‘fides data’ (Ducange). - -=creeking;= see =kreking.= - -=creeple,= a cripple. BIBLE, Acts xiv. 8 (1611). ME. _crepel_, _crepul_ -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. 1458). OE. _crēopel_, a cripple (B. T., Suppl. -s.v. _crypel_). - -=creme,= chrism, the sacred oil used for anointing kings at coronation; -‘A kynge enoynted with creme’, Morte Arthur, leaf 202. 36; bk. ix, c. -39. ME. _creme_, chrism, OF. _creme_, _cresme_ (mod. _chrême_). L. -_chrisma_, Gk. χρῖσμα, anointing oil. - -=cres’,= a crest. Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 351. -A peculiar form, to rime with _grease_. See Dict. (s.v. Crease). - -=crescive,= growing. Hen. V, i. 1. 66. - -=crevis,= a crayfish. Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. -118. ‘Crevisse’ is a north-country word (EDD.). OF. _crevice_, -_crevisse_, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Écrevisse). - -=crib= (Cant); ‘To fill up the crib and to comfort the quarron’, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Meaning doubtful. Perhaps the same word as -_crib_, a manger; used _fig._ for the stomach as a place for provender. - -=crimp,= an obsolete card-game. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Lady L.). -See NED. - -=crinet,= a hair. Gascoigne, Works, i. 101. Dimin. of F. _crin_, hair; -L. _crinis_. - -=cringle-crangle,= _adj._, winding, curled; ‘Cringle-crangle horns’ -(i.e. bugles), Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio). - -=crippin,= part of a hood for ladies. Spelt _crepine_, _crespine_. Lyly, -Mydas, i. 2 (Licio). F. _crespine_, ‘the Crepine of a French hood’ -(Cotgr.). - -=crisled, crizzled,= roughened, shrivelled with cold. Ford, Sun’s -Darling, v. 1 (Winter). In Northampton, water that is slightly frozen is -‘just _crizzled_ over’, see EDD. (s.v. Crizzle). - -=crispie,= rippled, rippling; ‘Thy crispie tides’, Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 2. -15. - -=croach,= to grasp, seek after; ‘My life and th’ empire he did croach -and crasse’, Mirror for Mag., Geta, st. 10. Hence, _croacher_, a seeker -after. In compound _crowne-croachers_, Mirror for Mag., Rudacke, Lennoy, -st. 2. OF. _crocher_, to catch with a hook. - -=croches,= the ‘buds’ or knobs at the top of a stag’s horn; ‘These -little buddes or broches which are about the toppe are called Croches’, -Turbervile, Hunting, 54; Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 194. - -=crocheteur,= a porter. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iii. 2 -(Longueville). F. _crocheteur_, ‘a porter or common burthen-bearer’; -_crochet_, ‘a hook; _le crochet d’un crocheteur_, the forke or crooked -staffe, used by a porter’ (Cotgr.). - -=crock,= to put by in a crock or pot. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 2. 2. - -=crockling,= a croaking noise; used of the noise made by cranes. Phaer, -tr. of Aeneid, x. 265. - -=crofte,= a crypt; ‘A crofte under the mynster’, Morte Arthur, leaf -258*, back, 18; bk. xvii, c. 18. Du. _krocht_, _krochte_. Med. L. -_crupta_ (Ducange), L. _crypta_; Gk. κρυπτή, a crypt, a place of hiding. - -=croisado,= a crusade; ‘Your great croisado general’ (i.e. the general -of your great crusade), Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 1200. - -=crome,= a long stick with a hook at the end of it; ‘Long cromes’, -Paston Letters, no. 77; vol. i, p. 106 (1872); Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. -19. In prov. use in E. Anglia (EDD.). Cp. Du. _kramme_, ‘a hooke, or a -grapple’ (Hexham). - -=crone,= an old ewe. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 4; Gascoigne, Fruites -of Warre, st. 63. An E. Anglian and Essex word, see EDD. (s.v. Crone, -sb.^{1} 1). - -=cronet,= a coronet. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 48, l. 51. -Also, a part of the armour of a horse; Shirley, Triumph of Peace (Works, -ed. Dyce, vi. 261). - -=croshabell,= a courtesan. Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 616, last line; -and in a title, p. 615, col. 1. A Kentish word (EDD.). - -=croslet, crosslet,= a crucible. Lyly, Gallathea, ii. 3; B. Jonson, -Alchem., i. 1 (Face). ME. _croslet_ (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1147). Dimin. of -OF. _crosel_, O. Prov. _cruzol_, crucible (Levy). - -=cross,= a piece of money; many coins had a cross on one side. As You -Like It, ii. 4. 12; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 257. - -=cross and pile,= the obverse and reverse side of a coin, head and (or) -tail; hence, sometimes, a coin, money; ‘He had neither cross nor pile’, -Sidney, Disc. Govt. (ed. 1704, p. 362); head or tail, i.e. ‘tossing up’, -to decide anything doubtful; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 2 (Ranger); -Return from Parnassus, ii. 1. 768; A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 8 (Clare). -Anglo-F. ‘jewer (jouer) _a cros a Pil_,’ A.D. 1327, see NED. ‘Les pièces -de monnaie portaient une croix sur leur face, d’où l’expression: n’avoir -_ni croix ni pile_’ (to have neither cross nor pile), see Jannet, -Glossaire, Rabelais (s.v. Croix). - -=cross-bite,= to bite in return, to cheat. Marston, What you Will, iii. -2. 279; iii. 3. 129. Hence, _cross-biter_, a swindler, Middleton, Your -Five Gallants, ii. 3 (Goldstone). - -=cross-lay,= a cheating wager. Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, v. -542. - -=cross-point,= a particular step in dancing. Marston, Insatiate -Countess, i. 1 (Rogers); Greene, King James IV, iv. 3 (Slipper, l. -1638). - -=cross-row,= the alphabet; ‘And from the Crosse-row pluckes the letter -G’, Richard III, i. 1. 55. Short for _Christ-cross-row_, so called from -the figure of the cross (✠) formerly prefixed to it. Still in use in -Essex, acc. to EDD. (s.v. Cross, II. (45)). See =Christ-cross.= - -=cross-tree,= the gallows; ‘A cross-tree that never grows’ [because made -of dead wood], Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone); the cross, Herrick, -Noble Numbers, His Anthem to Christ, l. 14. - -=crotch,= the fork of the human body, where the legs join the trunk. -Greene, Verses against the Gentlewomen of Sicilia, l. 12; ed. Dyce, p. -316. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Crotch, sb.^{1}). OF. (Picard) -_croche_, ‘entaillure’ (La Curne). - -=croteys,= the dung of hares and rabbits; ‘Of Hares and Coneys, they are -called _Croteys_’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37, p. 97. F. _crottes_, ‘the -dung, excrements or ordure of Sheep, Conies, Hares, etc.’ (Cotgr.). - -=crouse, crowse,= brisk, lively, merry, Drayton, Eclogue vii, 73; Brome, -Jovial Crew, i. 1 (1 Beggar). In common prov. use in Scotland and in the -north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crouse, adj.^{1} 4). - -=crow,= the well-known bird. In alchemy, at a certain stage of the work, -there would sometimes be an appearance like a crow; it was considered a -very favourable sign; see B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). - -=crowchmas,= the day of the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3. Tusser, -§ 50. 36; _Crowchemesse Day_; Paston Letters, no. 472, end (ii. 132, -1872). ‘At Crowchmesse, _a la saincte Croyx_’, Palsgrave. ME. _cruche_, -the cross of Christ; ‘Crepe to cruche on lange fridai’, Trin. Coll. Hem. -95 (NED.); ‘And meny crouche on hus cloke’, P. Plowman, C. viii. 167; -_cruche_, id., B. v. 529; _cros_, id., A. vi. 13. We may perhaps compare -OF. _croche_, the Picard form of OF. _croce_, a crosier; Ch. Rol. 1670; -Med. L. _crocia_, _crochia_, ‘baculus pastoralis’ (Ducange). - -=crown of the sun,= a French gold coin. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 -(Mont.); ‘_Escu sol_, a crown of the sun; the best kind of crown that is -now made’, Cotgrave. - -=crowner,= a coroner. Hamlet, v. 1. 4. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). - -=crow-trodden,= abused, humiliated. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, iv. 4 (Rutilio). See NED. (s.v. Crow-tread). - -=cruddes,= curds; ‘A messe of cruddes’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 18; -‘Cruddes, _coagulum_’, Levins, Manip.; Baret, Alvearie. In prov. use in -Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Crud). _Crud_ is related to _crowd_, to press close, see EDD. (s.v. -Crowd, vb.^{1} 3). - - =crudded,= reduced to a curd-like mass, Heywood, Silver Age - (Cerberus). ME. _cruddyd_, ‘coagulatus’ (Prompt.). - -=cruddle, crudle,= to curdle; ‘Cruddled me like cheese’, BIBLE, Job x. -10 (1611); Beaumont and Fl., The False One, iii. 2. 2; King and No King, -i. 1; Marston, Antonia, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). In prov. use in Scotland, -Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=crumenall;= ‘The fat oxe that wont ligge in the stall, Is now fast -stalled in her (=their) crumenall’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 119. -Apparently in sense ‘purse’ or ‘pouch’ (NED.). - -=crusoile,= a crucible. Marston, Insatiate Countess, i. 1 (Rogers). OF. -_croisuel_. See Hatzfeld (s.v. Creuset). - -=cruzado, crusado,= the name of a Portuguese gold coin, of variable -value. Othello, iii. 4. 26; White Devil (Vittoria), ed. Dyce, p. 23. So -called from the cross on one side of it. - -=cry:= phr. _a cry of hounds_, a pack of hounds. Webster, Devil’s -Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella). Hence _cry_, a pack (of hounds), Mids. -Night’s D. iv. 1. 128; _cry of curs_, pack of curs, Cor. iii. 3. 120. -_Without all cry_, beyond all description, Chapman, Blind Beggar, p. 4. - -=cry creak,= to confess oneself beaten or in error; to give up the -contest, to give in. Thersites, 100 (ed. Pollard, Misc. Plays); Tusser, -Husbandry, § 47. 2; T. Watson, Centuries of Love, i (ed. Arber, 37); -Damon and Pithias, Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88; ‘_Palinodiam canere_, to -turne taile, to cry creake’, Withal, Dict. (ed. 1634). - -=cucking-stool,= an engine for the punishment of scolds, by ducking them -in the water. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Quarlous); Butler, -Hudibras, ii. 2. 740. See Cowell, Interpreter, 1637; Brand, Pop. Antiq. -(ed. 1877, p. 641). - -=cuckquean,= a female cuckold. Golding, tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 606 (Latin -text); ed. 1603. Spelt _cockqueene_; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, -ch. 4, st. 1. - -=cuck-stool,= an old punishment for scolds; the offender was fastened in -a kind of chair, and exposed to be jeered at, or was ducked in water. -Also called a =cucking-stool,= q.v. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1 -(Petronius), Middleton, Fam. of Love, v. 1 (Glister). - -=cucurbite,= a kind of retort used in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 -(Face). Shaped like a gourd, L. _cucurbita_. - -=cudden,= a born fool, dolt. Dryden, Cymon, 179; Sir Martin Mar-all, v. -3. Wycherley, Gentl. Dancing-master, iv. 1. - -=cue,= a small portion. ‘A cue of bread and a cue of beer’, Middleton, -The Black Book (near the end). ‘_Cue_, halfe a farthing, so called -because they set down in the Battling or Butterie Books the letter _q_ -for half a farthing,’ Minsheu; ‘Not worthe a cue’, Skelton, -Magnyfycence, 36; ‘Worth ii. kues,’ id., Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 232. -_Q._ for L. _quadrans_, the smallest coin. See =cee.= - -=cuerpo, in,= in hose and doublet, without a cloak; stripped of the -upper garment so as to display the body. Ben Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 -(Tipto); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1. 26. Span. _en cuerpo_, -having nothing on but the shirt; _cuerpo_, body. See Stanford. - -=cullisen, cullison,= ignorant pronunciations of cognisance. B. Jonson. -Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Sogliardo); a badge, id., Case is altered, -iv. 4 (Onion). See NED. (s.v. Cullisance). - -=cully,= a dupe, a simpleton. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 781; Otway, -Cheats of Scapin, i. 1 (Scapin). [To make a fool of, to take in, Pope, -Wife of Bath, 161.] - -=culm,= summit; ‘On giddy top and culm’, Misfortunes of Arthur, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 313. G. _kulm_, a mountain-top; L. _culmen_. - -=culme,= soot, smut. Golding, Metam. ii. 232; fol. 18, bk. (1603); as -adj. sooty, black, id. vii. 529; fol. 86, bk. The same word as _coom_, -coal-dust, soot, dirt,’ in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and various -parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Coom, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _culme_ -(_colme_), ‘fuligo’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 477). - -=culver-down,= dove’s down. Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1 (Epire). OE. -_culfre_, a dove. - -=curats,= a piece of armour for the body, a cuirass; ‘He casts away his -curats and his shield’, Harington, Orl. Fur.; spelt _curets_, Chapman, -Iliad iii, 343. Treated as pl., with a sing. _curat_, Spenser, F. Q. v. -8. 34. Cp. Ital. _corazza_, a cuirass (Florio). See Dict. - -=curber,= a thief who hooks things through a window; an angler. -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). From _curb_, a cant word for a -hook, see NED. - -=curiosity,= nicety, fastidiousness, excessive, scrupulousness. -Massinger, City Madam, i. 1 (Tradewell); ‘Concerning the enterring of -her . . . I pray you let the same be performed without all curiositie -and superstition’, Holland’s Plutarch, Morals, 533 (Bible Word-Book). - -=curiousness,= punctilious scrupulousness. Massinger, Parl. of Love, i. -4 (Chamont); Unnat. Combat, iii. 4 (Beauf. Junior). - -=curry,= a ‘quarry’, i.e. slaughtered game. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. -145, 693. OF. _cuiree_, intestines of a slain animal; the part given to -the hounds, so called because wrapped in the skin (_cuir_); O. Prov. -_corada_, ‘entrailles’ (Levy). See NED. (s.v. Quarry, sb.^{1}). - -=curry-favell,= one who solicits favour by flattery. Puttenham, _Eng. -Poesie_, iii. 24 (ed. Arber, 299); ‘Curryfavell, a flatterer, _estrille -faveau_’, Palsgrave; altered to _curry-favour_, ‘A number of prodigal -currie favours’, Holinshed, Chron. ii. 144 (NED.); _Curriedow_, a -curry-favour or flatterer, Phillips. In earlier English ‘Favel’ occurs -as the proper name of a fallow-coloured horse. The fallow horse was -proverbial as the type of hypocrisy and duplicity, with reference to the -‘equus pallidus’ of Apoc. vi. 8, which was explained as representing the -hypocrites who gain a reputation for sanctity by the ascetic pallor of -their faces (see Rom. Rose, 7391-8). With the phrase ‘to curry favel’ -cp. OF. _estriller_, _torcher Fauvel_, adopted in German: _den fahlen -Hengst streichen_. See NED. (s.v. Favel) for origin, and see =Favell.= - -=cursen,= Christian; ‘As I am a cursen man’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, iv. 6 -(Carter); ‘By my Cursen soule’, Brome, Sparagus Gard. iii. 7; ‘We be -Cursenfolke’, id. iv. 5; _cursen name_, Christian name, Mrs. Behn, -Feign’d Curtizan, i. 2; to christen, baptize; _cursen’d_, pp. -christened, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan). For the -pronunciation, see EDD. (s.v. Christen). - -=curst,= cross, ill-tempered. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 185; Beaumont and Fl., -Philaster, ii. 3 (Arethusa). In prov. use in the north and in the W. -Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Curst, 2). - -=curtal,= having a docked tail; ‘Curtal dog’, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 114; -said of a horse, All’s Well, ii. 3. 65. ‘Docke your horse tayle, and -make hym a courtault’, Palsgrave; in form _courteau_, a horse with a -docked tail, used as a term of derision, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. -2 (Anaides). OF. _courtaut_, ‘écourté’ (Hatzfeld); _courtault_, ‘cheval -ou chien de courte taille. On appelait aussi _courtault_ le chien ou le -cheval qui avait la queue coupée’ (Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais). - -=curtana,= the sword of mercy, a pointless sword, carried before our -kings at a coronation. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 419. See Ducange, -s.v. The name of the legendary sword of ‘Ogier le Danois’ was -_Courtain_. - -=cushes,= ‘cuisses’, pieces, of armour protecting the thighs. 1 Hen. IV, -iv. 1. 105 (1596); Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, v. 1. 15. - -=cushion:= phr. _to miss the cushion_, to make a mistake. Lit. to sit -down amiss. ‘Whan he weneth to syt, Yet may he mysse the quysshon’, -Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 998; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 24. - -=cushion-cloth,= a cushion-case or cover. Middleton, Women beware Women, -iii. 1 (Bianca); _cusshencloth_, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 475. - -=custard-politic,= a large custard prepared for the Lord Mayor’s feast. -B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Lick.). - -=customer,= a custom-house officer, ‘publicanus’. Udall, Erasmus’s -Paraph. on Mark, ii. 22; Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 (Erostrato). In use -in this sense in Scotland (EDD.). - -=cut,= a lot; he who drew the shortest (or rarely, the longest) of some -pieces of stick or paper drew the lot. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -Induction (2 Child, and 3 Child). ME. _cut_, lot (Chaucer, C. T. A. -845). Probably unconnected with the vb. ‘to cut’, see NED. - -=cut,= a dog or horse with a cut or docked tail; hence, a term of abuse -applied to a man. ‘Call me cut’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 203 (cp. ‘call me -horse’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215); London Prodigal, ii. 4. 41. _Cut_, a -common horse, Merry Devil, i. 3. 141; Dauncaster _cuttys_, Doncaster -nags, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 296. See =cut and longtail.= - -=cut:= phr. _to keep cut_, to be coy, to be on one’s best behaviour; -‘Phyllyp, kepe youre cut’, Skelton, P. Sparowe, 119; ‘To keep cut with -his mother’, i.e. to be coy like her, to follow her example, Middleton, -More Dissemblers, i. 4 (Dondolo). See NED. (s.v. Cut, sb.^{2} 34). - -=cut and longtail,= dogs or horses (or men) of every kind; i.e. those -that are docked and those whose tails are allowed to grow. Merry Wives, -iii. 4. 44; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 68. - -=cut bene whids,= to speak good words, speak fair. (Cant.) Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See Harman, Caveat, p. 84. - -=cut over,= to pass straight across; ‘Caligula lying in Fraunce . . . -intended to cutte over, and invade Englande’, Gosson, School of Abuse, -p. 16. - -=cutchy,= a ‘coach-y’; a driver of a coach; ‘Make thee [a] poor Cutchy’ -(cp. _coach_ in the preceding line), Return from Parnassus, iii. 4 -(Furor). - -=cute,= a cur; ‘Some yelping Cute’, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 340; explained -by ‘a cur’ in the margin. It is probably merely a variant of _cut_, a -short-tailed dog; see =cut and longtail.= - -=cutted,= abrupt, snappish, sharp in reply. Middleton, Women beware, -iii. 1. 4. Used in this sense in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). - -=cutter,= a cut-throat, bully, bravo. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several -Weapons, iii. 1 (Gregory). Hence, title of the play by Cowley, The -Cutter of Coleman Street. With a quibble upon _cutting_, Middleton, -Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 3 (Simon). - -=cutting,= swaggering. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2 (516); scene 5. 19 -(W.); p. 159, col. 1 (D.). - -=cutting,= cheating. Marston, Dutch Courtesan, ii. 3 (end). - -=cutwork,= open work in linen, cut out by hand. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, -777 (ed. Arber, p. 71); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 2 (Lopez). - -=cymar,= a loose light garment for women. Dryden, Virgil, Aeneid iv, -196; Cymon, 100. See =symarr.= - -=cynarctomachy,= a word invented by Butler (Hudibras, i. 1. 752) to -signify a battle between a bear and dogs. Gk. κύων, a dog, ἄρκτος, a -bear, μάχη, a fight. - -=cypers grass,= the sweet cyperus or galingale. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey -iv. 802. GK. κύπειρον, a sweet-smelling marsh-plant (Od. iv. 603). - -=cypress,= a textile fabric, esp. a light transparent material -resembling cobweb lawn or crape; when black much used for mourning. -Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 131; _cypress lawn_, Milton, Penseroso, 35. Probably -fr. OF. _Cipre_, the island of Cyprus. - - - - - D - - -=dabbing down,= hanging down like wet clothes, in a dabbled state. -Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 359. - -=dade,= to walk with tottering steps, to toddle, like an infant learning -to walk. Drayton, Pol. i. 295; xiv. 289. Still in use in Leicestersh. -and Warwicksh. (EDD.). - -=dædale,= ingenious, skilful. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2; also, variously -adorned (cp. daedala tellus, Lucret. i. 7), id., iv. 10. 45. L. -_daedalus_, Gk. δαίδαλος, skilful. - -=daff,= to put off, put aside. A variant of _doff_, to do off, put off. -1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 96; and elsewhere in Shakespeare. - -=daff,= a simpleton; a coward; ‘(The Bishop of Llandaff) answers, The -_daffe_ is here, but the _land_ is gone’, Harrison, Descr. England, bk. -ii, ch. ii (ed. Furnivall, 58). In prov. use in both senses in Yorks. -(EDD.). ME. _daf_: ‘I sal been halde a daf, a cokenay’ (Chaucer, C. T. -A. 4208). - -=daffysh,= foolish. Morte Arthur, leaf 205. 10; bk. ix, c. 13. In prov. -use in Derbysh., Warwicksh., and W. Midlands in the sense of sheepish -(EDD.). - -=dag,= a small pistol; ‘This gun? a dag?’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s -Cure, ii. 2 (Lucio); Arden of Fev. iii. 6. 9; ‘_Pistolet_, a pistolet, a -dag, or little pistol’, Cotgrave. - -=Dagonet,= a foolish young knight. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ginet). -Sir Dagonet was a foolish knight in the court of Arthur; see 2 Hen. IV, -iii. 2. 300: ‘Sir Dagonet in Arthur’s show’. - -=dagswain, daggeswane,= a rough coverlet. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2195. -ME. _daggeswayn_, ‘lodex’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 528). - -=dain,= disdain; hence, ignominy; ‘A deepe daine’, Lyly, Sappho, v. 1; -‘dennes of daine’, Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. 31. Cp. F. _dain_, -dainty, fine, curious (Cotgr.). (The word in England seems to have -developed a subst. meaning of ‘squeamishness’, ‘stand-offishness’.) - -=dain,= to disdain. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. (Venus); iii. (Medea). - -=dalliance,= hesitation, delay. 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 5; Virgin-Martyr, iv. 1 -(Sapritius). See Dict. (s.v. Dally). - -=damassin,= damson. Bacon, Essay 46. F. _damaisine_, ‘a Damascene, or -damson plumb’ (Cotgr.). - -=damnify,= to injure. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 52; ii. 6. 3. Common in this -sense in East Anglia and America (EDD.). - -=damps,= dumps, fits of melancholy. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 118. - -=dandiprat,= a small coin worth 3 halfpence, first coined by Henry VII -(of unknown origin). Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). -Also, a dwarf, page; applied to Cupid (!) in Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -i. p. 41 (ed. Arber); as also in Shirley, Arcadia, i. 3 (Dametas). - -=danger:= phr. _to be in_ (or _within_) _one’s danger_, to be in one’s -debt, or under an obligation, or in one’s power, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, -i. 2 (Charalois); cp. Merch. Venice, iv. 1. 180; King John, iv. 8. 84. -In ME. _in daunger_, within a person’s jurisdiction, under his control, -at his disposal (Chaucer). OF. _dangier_, the absolute authority of a -feudal lord (Godefroy), Romanic type _domniarium_, deriv. of L. -_dominus_ (Hatzfeld). See Trench, Select Glossary. - -=Dansk,= Danish. Webster, White Devil (Giovanni), ed. Dyce, p. 13. Also -used to mean Denmark, Drayton, Polyolb. bk. xi. Dan. _Dansk_, Danish. - -=dant,= a worthless, talkative woman. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 515. Du. -_dante_, or _dantelorie_, ‘a base babling woman’; _danten_, ‘to bable’ -(Hexham). - -=dappard,= dapper. Triumphs of Love and Fortune, iv. 1 (Lentulo); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 198. - -=daps,= pl. habits, ways, peculiarities. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. -447. See EDD. (s.v. Dap, sb. 11). - -=darby,= money. (Cant.) ‘The ready, the darby’, Shadwell, Squire of -Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). Prob. with reference to _Darby_, a -money-lender; see below. - -=Darby’s bands,= supposed to have orig. meant a very strict bond exacted -by some usurer of that name; see NED. (Later it meant fetters.) ‘If all -be too little, both goods and lands, I know not what will please you, -except Darby’s bands’, Marriage of Wit and Science (licensed in -1569-70), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 362; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 787 (ed. -1576). - -=dare,= to terrify, paralyse with fear. Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s -Tragedy, iv. 1 (Evadne); _to dare larks_, to daze them in order to catch -them, Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 282; ‘Never hobby so dared a lark’, Burton, -Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896, iii. 390). In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Dare, vb.^{2} 3). - -=dare,= to injure, hurt. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 406; Tusser, Husbandry, -8. In prov. use in the north of England and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. -Dare, vb.^{3}). OE. _derian_, to hurt, deriv. of _daru_, hurt. - -=darkling,= in the dark. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 86; King Lear, i. 4. -237. - -=darkmans,= a cant term for night. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=darnex carpet,= a Dornick carpet. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, v. 1 -(Jaques). ‘Dornick’ is the Flemish name of Tournay. - -=darraigne battle,= to set the battle in array. Heywood, Sallust’s -Jugurtha, 20; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 40; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 72; ‘To -darraine a triple warre’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 26. ME. _darreyne the -bataille_, to fight out the battle, to bring it to a decisive issue -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 1631). ‘Darraigne’ is really a law-term, Anglo-F. -_darreiner_, _dereiner_, to answer an accusation, to exculpate oneself -(Rough List); Med. L. _disrationare_ (Ducange). - -=darreine,= brazen; ‘The Darreine Tower’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv -(Neptune); vol. iii, p. 55; (4 Beldam), p. 61; also called ‘the tower of -Darreine’ (4 lines higher). The reference is to the brazen tower in -which Danae was enclosed. F. _d’arain_, of brass (Cotgr.). (‘Darrain’ -occurs nine times in Caxton, Hist. of Troye, with reference to the same -story; the phrase _tour of darrain_ is on leaf 62.) - -=dart, Irish,= a dart frequently carried by an Irish running footman. -Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough). - -=daunt,= to bring into subjection, subdue, tame; ‘It daunts whole -kingdoms and cities’, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2 (NED.); to daze, stupefy, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18. In prov. use in the sense of ‘to tame’, also, -in E. Anglia, ‘to stun, knock down’ (EDD.). ME. _daunten_, to tame (P. -Plowman, B. xv. 393. Anglo-F. _daunter_ (Bozon). See Dict. - -=daunted down,= beaten down, subdued. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, Third -Song, st. 18. - -=daw,= a (supposed) foolish bird; _fig._ a foolish person. 1 Hen. VI, -ii. 4. 18; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 48. So used in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. -Daw, sb.^{1} 2). - -=daw,= to frighten, subdue. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). See -=adaw.= - -=daw,= to arouse, awaken. Drayton, Pol. vi. 112. So used in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Daw, vb. 2); a trans. use of ME. _dawen_, -_dawyn_, ‘auroro’ (Prompt.), OE. _dagian_, to become day. - -=daw up,= to cheer up, revive. Greene, James IV, v. 1 (Lady A.). See -above. - -=day-bed,= a couch, sofa. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Fletcher, Rule a Wife, -i. 6 (Estifania); iii. 1 (Margarita). - -=dayesman, daysman,= a judge, an umpire. BIBLE, Job ix. 33; Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 8. 28; ‘Daysman, _arbitre_’, Palsgrave; New Custom, i. 2, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 14. - -=dead pay,= pay continued to a dead soldier, taken by dishonest officers -for themselves. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby). - -=deane,= ‘din’, noise. Golding, Metam. xii. 316 (L. _fremitu_); fol. 147 -(1603). ‘Dean’ is an E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _dene_, noise (P. -Plowman), a dialect form of _dyne_ (ib.), OE. _dyne_. - -=deane,= a strong, offensive smell; ‘The breath of Lions hath a very -strong deane and stinking smell’, Holland, Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 53. In -prov. use in Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Dain). OE. *_déan_, corresponding to -Icel. _daunn_, a smell, esp. a bad smell. - -=deare,= harm; see =dere.= - -=dearne, dearnful, dearnly;= see =dern, dernful, dernly.= - -=debate,= to combat, fight. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 6; Lucrece, 1421. F. -_debatre_, ‘to debate, contend’, (Cotgr.). - -=debel,= to conquer in war, defeat. Milton, P. R. iv. 605; Warner, -Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 8, st. 53. L. _delellare_ (Virgil). - -=debenter,= a voucher given in the Exchequer certifying to the recipient -the sum due to him, a ‘debenture’. Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 77. See Dict. - -=deboshed,= debased, corrupted, ‘debauched’. Temp. iii. 2. 29; King -Lear, i. 4. 263; vilified, All’s Well, v. 3. 208; deboshtly, -licentiously, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Works, vi. 173); ‘_Desbaucher_, to -debosh’, Cotgrave. In use in Scotland (EDD.). - -=decard,= to ‘discard’, throw away a card, in a card-game; ‘Can you -decard?’, Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Phylocles). - -=decimo sexto,= a term applied to a small book, in which each leaf is -one-sixteenth of the whole sheet of paper; hence, _fig._, a diminutive -person or thing; ‘My dancing braggart in decimo sexto’, B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1. (Mercury); ‘One bound up in decimo sexto’, -Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Sylli). See Stanford. - -=deck,= a pack of cards. 3 Hen. VI, v. i. 44; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, -p. 339); ‘Pride deales the Deck, whilst Chance doth choose the Card’, -Barnfield, Sheph. Content, viii (NED.). See Nares. In prov. use in -various parts of England, also in Ireland and America (EDD.). - -=decline,= to turn aside, to swerve. BIBLE, Ps. cxix. 157; to turn a -person aside from, to divert, Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, iii. 1; -Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 1 (Roberto); to undervalue, disparage, -depreciate, Shirley, Cardinal, ii. 1 (Alphonso); id., Brothers, i. 1; to -subdue, ‘How to decline their wives and curb their manners’, Beaumont -and Fl., Rule a Wife, ii. 4 (Estifania). - -=decrew,= to decrease. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 18. OF. _decreu_, F. -_décrû_, pp. of _decrestre_ (_décroître_), to decrease. - -=decus,= a crown-piece. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond -Senior). A slang term; from the L. words _decus et tutamen_, engraved -upon the rim. - -=deduce,= to deduct. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Sir Moth). L. -_deducere_, to lead away, withdraw. - -=deduct,= to reduce. Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Gnotho). See NED. - -=deduction,= a leading forth of a colony. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. -455; used as a synonym for ‘dismission’ (i.e. dismissal), id., xix. 423, -427. L. _deductio_, a leading forth of a colony, deriv. of _deducere_, -to lead forth, conduct a colony to a place. - -=deduit,= diversion, enjoyment, pleasure. _Deduytes_, pleasures, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 27. 18. ME. _deduit_, pleasure (Chaucer, C. T. A. -2177), OF. _deduit_ (Bartsch), _deduyt_ (Rabelais), Med. L. _deductus_, -‘animi oblectatio’ (Ducange). - -=defail,= to defeat, cause to fail. Machin, Dumb Knight, i (Epire); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128. Only found here in this sense. - -=defalcate,= curtailed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 10, § 1. -Med. L. _defalcare_, ‘deducere, subtrahere’ (Ducange). - -=defalk,= to cut off, deduct; ‘I defalke, I demynysshe, I cutte awaye’, -Palsgrave. See above. - -=defame,= dishonour. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 316); Fletcher, -Prophetess, i. 1 (Aurelia). - -=defeature,= defeat, ruin. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 17; disfigurement, Com. -Errors, ii. 1. 98; ii. 5. 299. - -=defend,= to forbid. Much Ado, ii. 1. 98; Marl., Massacre at Paris ii. 5 -(Navarre); Milton, P. L. xi. 86; Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 19. F. _défendre_, -to forbid. - -=define,= to decide, settle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3. - -=deform,= unsightly, ugly. Milton, P. L. ii. 706. Lat. _deformis_, -unsightly. - -=defoul, defoil,= to dishonour. Morte Arthur, leaf 39. 1; bk. ii, c. 1; -lf. 71. 28; bk. iv, c. 18. F. _defouler_, to tread or trample on -(Cotgr.); associated in meaning with the E. adj. _foul_. - -=defy,= to reject, disdain, despise. Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 75; Hamlet, v. -2. 230. OF. _desfier_, O. Prov. _desfiar_, _desfizar_ ‘désavouer, -répudier’ (Levy). Med. L. _diffidare_ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Defy, -vb.^{1} 5). - -=de gambo,= a ‘viol-de-gambo’. Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iv. 2 -(Antonio). See =viol-de-gamboys.= - -=degender,= to degenerate. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 2; Hymn of Heavenly -Love, 94. - -=degree,= a step, stair; round of a ladder. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 26; -Massinger, Roman Actor, iii. 2. 21. F. _degré_, ‘a stair, step, greese’ -(Cotgr.). - -=dehort,= to dissuade. Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 106; Davenant, The -Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). L. _dehortari_. - -=delate,= to accuse. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca). _Delated_, fully -or expressly stated (or conveyed), Hamlet, i. 2. 38. Med. L. _delatare_, -to indict, accuse (Ducange). - -=delay,= to temper, assuage, quench. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30; iii. 12. -42; Prothalamion, 3; to dilute, ‘She can drink a cup of wine not delayed -with water’, Davenport, City Nightcap, 1 (Dorothea); in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, xiii. 114. OF. (Norm.) _desleier_, to unbind, soften by -steeping, Romanic type _disligare_, to unbend; see NED. - -=delewine, deal-wine,= an unidentified wine; supposed to have been a -Rhenish wine. B. Jonson, Mercury Vindicated (Mercury’s second speech); -Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1; where Sir T. Bornwell says—‘Where -_deal_ and _backrag_ [Bacharach] and what _strange wine else_’, &c. - -=delibate,= to taste, to taste a little of. Marmion, The Antiquary, iii. -1 (Duke). L. _delibare_, to taste slightly. - -=delice,= delight, pleasure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 28; iv. 10. 6. F. -_délices_, pl, L. _deliciae_, delights. - -=delirement,= a crazy fancy, delusion. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii -(Amphitrio); vol. iii, p. 107; id., Dialogue 4; vol. vi, p. 179. F. -_délirement_; L. _deliramentum_, madness. - -=deliver,= active, nimble, agile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 12, -§ last; ‘Delyver of ones Gunnes as they that prove mastryes, _souple_. -Delyver redy quicke to do anythyng, _agile_, _delivré_’, Palsgrave. ME. -_deliver_, quick, active (Chaucer, C. T. A. 84). OF. _delivre_, -_deslivre_, prompt, alert, O. Prov. _deliure_, ‘libre, délivré; alerte; -non chargé; en parlant d’une bête’; see Levy. Med. L. _deliberare_, -‘liberare, redimere’ (Ducange). - -=dell,= a virgin, a wench. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 -(Prigg). See Harman, Caveat, p. 75. - -=deluvye,= the deluge. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 273, back, 30. L. -_diluvium_, the deluge (Vulgate). - -=demain,= demesne, domain. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 103; -_demeanes_, pl., Romeo, iii. 5. 182 (1592). ME. _demayn_, a possession -(Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Demesne, 3); OF. _demeine_, Med. L. -‘_dominicum_ quod ad dominum spectat’ (Ducange). See =payne mayne.= - -=demean=(=e,= behaviour, demeanour; ‘Another Damsell . . . modest of -demayne’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 40; treatment (of others), id. vi. 6. -18. See Dict. (s.v. Demean (1)). - -=demeans,= means of subsistence. Massinger, Picture, i. 1. 22. - -=demerit,= merit; in a good sense. Coriolanus, i. 1. 276; Othello, i. 2. -2; Shirley, Humorous Courtier, ii. 2 (Duchess). - -=demi-culverin,= a kind of cannon, with a bore of about 4 inches. B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iii. 1 (Bobadil). - -=demi-footcloth,= a demi-housing, or short housing; see =footcloth.= -Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 22. - -=demiss,= humble, abject. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 135. L. -_demissus_. - -=democcuana,= not explained; perhaps, a kind of mixed drink; see -=stiponie.= Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir Frederick). - -=Demogorgon,= the name of one of the Spirits of the Abyss. Milton, P. L. -ii. 965; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; co-ruler with Beelzebub, in Marlowe -Faustus, iii. 18; the patron of alchemists, Howell, Instructions for -Forraine Travell (Arber’s ed., p. 81). Demogorgon is an important -character in Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound. Late L. _Demogorgon_, (1) the -name of a terrible deity invoked in magic rites, (2) the primordial God -of ancient mythology. Probably a corruption of Gk. δημιουργός, the Maker -of the World, the Fabricator, in the Neo-Platonic philosophy opp. to -κτίστης, the Creator. By popular etymology this δημιουργός was -associated with the Greek words δαίμων, a demon, and Γοργώ, the Gorgon, -i.e. the Grim One (γοργός). See Stanford, and NED. - -=dempt,= _pt. t._ ‘deemed’, adjudged. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 55; Shep. -Kal., Aug., 137. - -=demulce,= to mollify. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 1. L. -_demulcere_, to stroke down. - -=denay,= to deny. Greene, Alphonsus, iii (Medea); ed. Dyce, 237; denial, -Twelfth Nt. ii. 4. 127. Norm. F. _deneier_, ‘refuser, rejeter’ (Moisy), -L. _denegare_. - -=denier,= a French coin, the twelfth of a sou. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 91; -Richard III, i. 2. 252. OF. _denier_, L. _denarius_. The _denarius_ was -a Roman silver coin of the value of ten ‘asses’ (about eightpence of -modern English money). When our accounts were kept in Latin, the term -_denarius_ was used for our ‘penny’, and abbreviated _d._; hence the _d_ -in our _£. s. d._ - -=depaint,= to depict. Sackville, Induction, st. 58; B. Googe, Popish -Kingdom, bk. i, fol. 10, l. 5. ME. _depeynten_ (NED.). - -=depart,= to separate; formerly in the Marriage Service, but altered at -the Savoy Conference into ‘till death us do part’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. -10. 14. ME. _departe_, to separate (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1134). - -=depart,= departure. Two Gent. v. 4. 96; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 20. F. -_départ_, departure. - -=dependence,= a quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’, or awaiting -settlement, according to the laws of the duello. B. Jonson, Devil an -Ass, iv. 1 (Fitz.); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 5 (Sanchio). -_Masters of Dependencies_, needy bravoes, who undertook to regulate -duels between the inexperienced, Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 1 -(Bertoldo); Fletcher, Elder Brother, v. 1. - -=deprave,= erroneously used for _deprive_. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, -pp. 499, 511; Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2. See NED. - -=deprehend,= to detect, perceive. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10, -§ last but 4; Bacon, Sylva, § 98. L. _deprehendere_, to seize. - -=Derby’s bands;= see =Darby’s bands.= - -=dere,= to harm. Barclay, Mirror Good Manners (NED.); Palsgrave; spelt -_deare_, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, iii. 139; to annoy, trouble, grieve. Caxton, -Reynard (ed. Arber, 106); harm, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 48. ME. -_deren_, to harm, injure (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 651); to grieve -(Cursor M. 7377); OE. _derian_, to injure, annoy (Sweet). See =dare.= - -=dern,= dark, solitary, wild. Pericles, iii, Prol. 15; King Lear, iii. -7. 63; dark, dire; ‘Queene Elizabeth died, a dearne day to England’, -Leigh, Drumme Devot. 35 (NED.); ‘Dearne, _dirus_’, Levins, Manipulus. In -prov. use in the north country in the sense of dark, obscure, secret; -also, dreary, solitary, see EDD. (s.v. Dern, adj.^{1} 1 and 2). OE. -(Anglian) _derne_, (WS.) _dyrne_, _dierne_, secret, dark (BT. Suppl. -s.v. Dirne). - - =dernful,= dreary, Spenser, Mourning Muse, 90. - - =dernly, dearnly,= mournfully, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 85; - sternly, id., iii. 1. 14; iii. 12. 34. - -=derrick,= a hangman; hanging; the gallows; ‘Derrick must be his host’, -Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 11; ‘Deric . . . is with us abusively used for a -Hangman because one of that name was not long since a famed executioner -at Tiburn’, Blount, Glossogr.; ‘I would there were a Derick to hang up -him’, Dekker, Seven Deadly Sins (ed. Arber, 17). Du. _Dierryk_, -_Diederik_, Theoderic. - -=derring do,= daring action or feats, desperate courage; ‘A derring -doe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 65, and Dec, 43; F. Q. ii. 4. 42. [In -imitation of Spenser, Sir. W. Scott has the phrase ‘a deed of -derring-do’ (Ivanhoe, ch. 29).] Hence, _derring-doer_, F. Q. iv. 2. 38. -Spenser’s ‘derring doe’ is due to a misunderstanding of a construction -in Chaucer’s Tr. and Cr. v. 837, where ‘in dorryng don’ means ‘in daring -to do’ (what belongeth to a Knight). See NED. - -=descovenable,= unbefitting. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 15, back, 12. -Spelt _discouenable_, Game of the Chesse, bk. ii, c. 5 (p. 70 of Axon’s -reprint). OF. _descovenable_. - -=descrive,= to describe. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; vi. 12. 21. OF. -_descrivre_. L. _describere_. - -=dese,= a ‘dais’, a raised table in a hall at which distinguished -persons sat at feasts; ‘The hye dese’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 175. ME. -_dese_ (Will. Palerne, 4564), _dees_ (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1360, 1658). -Norm. F. _deis_ (Moisy), Med. L. _discus_, a table (cp. G. _Tisch_). - -=design,= to indicate, show. Richard II, i. 1. 203; Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. -8. - -=despoiled,= partially stripped; as in playing at the palm-play. Surrey, -Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13. - -=desroy,= to ‘disarray’, disorder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 33. 26; -_desray_, id., lf. 188. 15. - -=detort,= to twist aside, to wrest. Dryden, Pref. to Religio Laici, § 4. -L. _detort-us_, pp. of _de-torquere_, to twist aside. - -=detract,= to draw apart, pull asunder. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. -515; to hold back, keep oneself in the background, Greene, James IV, i. -1 (Ateukin). - -=Deu guin!,= a Welsh exclamation; app. for _Duw gwyn!_, lit. ‘Blessed -God’. See =Du cat-a whee.= Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 -(Launcelot). - -=deuse a vyle,= the country. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Song); ‘_dewse a vyle_, the countrey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See -=Rom-vile.= - -=devant,= front of the dress; ‘Perfume my devant’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, v. 2 (Mercury). F. _devant_, before. - -=dever,= to ‘endeavour’; ‘_I dever_, I applye my mynde to do a thing’, -Palsgrave. - -=deviceful,= full of devices, ingenious, curious. Spenser, F. Q. v. 3. -3; Teares of the Muses, 385. - -=devoir,= duty. Spelt _devoyre_; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; -_deuoyr_, endeavour; Greene, Alphonsus, Prol. (near the end); _dever_, -Sternhold and Hopkins, Ps. xxii. 26. F. _devoir_. - -=devolve,= to overturn, overthrow. Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius); -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, v. 4. - -=devotion,= an offering made as an act of worship; a gift given in -charity, alms; ‘Then shal the Churche wardens . . . gather the devocion -of the people’, Bk. Com. Pr., Communion, 1552 (‘the alms for the poor, -and other devotions of the people’, 1662); Middleton, No Wit like a -Woman’s, ii. 2 (L. Twilight); _devotions_, objects of religious worship; -‘I beheld your devotions’, BIBLE, Acts xvii. 23 (‘the objects of your -worship’, R. V.); ‘Dametas . . . swearing by no meane devotions’, -Sidney, Arcadia (ed. 1598, p. 282). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=devow,= to devote. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Practice); Holland’s -Ammianus Marcellinus (Nares). F. _dévouer_, to devote. - -=dewle;= See =dole= (2). - -=dewtry,= ‘datura’; hence, a drug made from the datura or thornapple, a -powerful narcotic. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1. 321; spelt _deutroa_, Sir -T. Herbert, Travels (ed. 1677, p. 337). Marathi, _dhutrā_; Skt. -_dhattūra_. See Stanford (s.v. Datura). - -=diacodion,= an opiate syrup prepared from poppy-heads. Bulleyn, Dial. -against Pestilence (EETS.), p. 51, l. 20; Congreve, Love for Love, iii. -4 (Scandal.). L. _diacodion_ (Pliny). _Dia_ is a prefix set before -medicinal confections that were devised by the Greeks. Gk. διὰ κωδειῶν -(a preparation) made from poppy-heads. - -=diametral,= diametrically opposite. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1. 7. - -=diapasm,= a scented powder for sprinkling over the person. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. διάπασμα, from διαπάσσειν, to -sprinkle. - -=diapred,= adorned with a ‘diaper’ pattern; ‘And diapred lyke the -discolored mead’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 51. - -=dicacity,= raillery, sarcasm. Heywood, Dialogue 4, vol. vi, p. 185. -Deriv. of L. _dicax_, sarcastic. - -=dich:= in phr. ‘Much good dich thy good heart’, Timon, i. 2. 73; ‘Much -good do’t thy good heart’, Dekker, Satiro-mastix (Works, i. 204); ‘Much -good do’t yee’ (riming with ‘sit yee’), ib., i. 214; ‘Much good do it -you’ (vulgarly pronounced and phonetically spelt _mychgoditio_ -(Salesbury in 1550), quoted by Ellis in his Early English Pronunciation, -p. 744, note 2. So it is clear that _dich you_ stands for _d’it you_ = -_do it you_. See further in Notes on Eng. Etym., pp. 67-9. Cp. phrase in -use in Cheshire and Lancashire, ‘Much good deet you’, see EDD. (s.v. Do, -subj. mood, § 3). - -=dicion,= a dominion, kingdom. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 40; -Augustus, § 6. L. _dicio_, dominion, sovereignty. - -=dickens, the,= (in exclamations) the deuce! the devil! Merry Wives, -iii. 2. 20; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. 1, p. 40. - -=dicker,= half a score; esp. of hides or skins; ‘A dicker of cow-hides’, -Heywood; First Part of King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 39; The Marriage -Night, ii. 1 (Latchet); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 131. ME. _diker_ -(NED.), L. _decuria_, a set of ten; from _decem_, ten. This Latin word -was adopted by the German tribes from ancient times. They had to pay -tribute to the Romans partly in skins, reckoned in _decuriae_ (NED.). -See Schade (s.v. Decher). - -=didapper,= a diving bird; humorously, a mistress. Shirley, Gent. of -Venice, iii 4. 8. See =divedopper.= - -=Diego,= a common name for a Spaniard. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 3 -(Face); iv. 4 (Subtle). Allusions are often made to a Spaniard so named -who committed an indecency in St. Paul’s Cathedral, as in Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). Span. _Diégo_, the proper name -_James_, gradually corrupted from _Jacobus_, whence _Yágo_, then -_Diágo_, and at last _Diégo_ (Stevens). James was the patron saint of -Spain. See =Dondego.= - -=diery,= harmful; ‘With dreadful _diery_ dent Of wrathful warre’, Mirror -for Mag., Guidericus, st. 12; Carassus, st. 26. See =dere.= - -=difficile,= difficult. Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 53; spelt _dyfficyle_, -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 311, back, 14. F. _difficile_. - -=diffide in,= distrust. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, xi. 636; -Congreve, Old Bachelor, v. 1 (Bellmour). L. _diffidere_. - -=diffused,= dispersed, scattered. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 4; v. 11. 47; -confused, disordered, distracted, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 54; Hen. V, v. 2. -61. - -=diggon,= enough. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Jenkin); iii. 5 (Jenkin). -In both places the word is used by a Welshman; and in Shirley’s Wedding, -iii. 2, Lodam gives, as a specimen of Welsh—_diggon a camrag_ (for -_digon o Cymraig_), i.e. ‘enough of Welsh.’ Welsh _digon_, enough. - -=dight,= to prepare. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 24; as _pp._, arrayed, -decked, Shep. Kal., April, 29; prepared, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, -p. 522); framed, Sackville, Induction, st. 55. ‘To dight’ is in prov. -use in Scotland and the north of England in the sense of ‘to prepare’, -also, ‘to adorn, deck oneself’ (EDD.). ME. _dihten_, to prepare, array, -equip (Chaucer), OE. _dihtan_, to appoint, order. - -=digladiation,= a fencing contest, hand-to-hand fight; _fig._ -disputation, wrangling. Pattenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 17 (ed. Arber, -p. 52). B. Jonson, Discoveries, cxl. Deriv. of L. _digladiari_, to fight -for life and death (Cicero). - -=dildo,= ‘a word of obscure origin, occurring in the refrains of -ballads,’ NED. In Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195. - -=dill,= a sweetheart; a cant term; the same as =dell.= Middleton, Span. -Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho). - -=dilling,= a darling, a well-beloved; ‘Vespasian the dilling of his -time’, Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896) iii. 27; the youngest, and -therefore the best-beloved child, Drayton, Pol. ii. 115. The word is in -common prov. use for the youngest child, also, the least and weakest of -a brood or litter (EDD.). - -=dimble,= a dingle, a deep dell. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); -Drayton, Pol. ii. 190. Allied to _dimple_, _dingle_. Still in use in the -Midlands, see EDD. - -=dint,= to strike. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 31; a stroke, blow, id. i. 7. -47. - -=dipsas,= a snake whose bite was said to produce extreme thirst. Milton, -P. L. x. 526; Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2. 1. Gk. δίψας, causing thirst; -from δίφα, thirst. - -=dirige,= a ‘dirge’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 5). ME. _dirige_ -(_dyryge_) ‘offyce for dedeman’ (Prompt.). L. _dirige_: this word begins -the antiphon, ‘Dirige, Dominus meus, in conspectu tuo vitam meam’, used -in the first nocturn at mattins in the Office for the Dead; see Way’s -note in Prompt., and Notes to Piers Plowman, C. iv. 467. - -=dirk,= to darken, to obscure; ‘Thy wast bignes . . . dirks the beauty -of my blossomes rownd’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 134. See EDD. (s.v. -Dark, 8). ME. _derhyn_, or make _derk_, ‘obscuro, obtenebro’ (Prompt. -EETS., 137). - -=disable,= to disparage. As You Like It, iv. 1. 34; Heywood, Eng. -Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); Fletcher, Island Princess, iv. 3 (Armusia); -spelt _dishable_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 21. - -=disadventure,= misfortune. _Dissaventures_, pl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. -45. ME. _disaventure_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 415). - -=disappointed,= unequipped, unprepared. Hamlet, i. 5. 77. - -=disceptation,= a discussion, debate. Spelt _desceptations_, pl.; -Heywood, Dialogue 18; vol. vi. p. 248. L. _disceptatio_ (Cicero). - -=discide,= to cut or cleave in twain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 27. L. -_discidere_, to cut in twain. - -=disclose,= to hatch. Hamlet, v. 1. 310; Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 2 -(Camiòla); the act of disclosing, the incubation, Hamlet, iii. 1. 175. - -=discoloured,= of various colours, variegated. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, v. 2 (Crites); v. 3 (Cupid); Beaumont, Masque of the Inner -Temple, l. 10; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 160. L. _discolor_, of -different colours. - -=discommodity,= a disadvantage. Bacon, Essay 33. - -=discourse,= faculty of reasoning, logical power; ‘discourse and reason’ -(i.e. logic and reason), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, ii. 1 (Malef. jun.); -‘Discourse of reason’, reasoning faculty, Hamlet, i. 2. 150. - -=discourse,= course of combat, mode of fighting. Beaumont and Fl., King -and No King, ii. 1 (Gob.); Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 14. L. _discursus_, a -running to and fro. - -=discretion,= disjunction, separation of parts, dissolution. Butler, -Hudibras, ii. 1. 204. L. _discretio_ (Vulgate, Heb. v. 14 = διάκρισις). - -=discure,= to discover. Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 18. ME. _discure_, to -discover (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 549). - -=discuss,= to shake off. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 48; to disperse, -scatter; Lyly, Woman in the Moon, ii. 1. 21. ME. _discusse_, to drive -away (Chaucer, Boethius); see NED. L. _discutere_ (pp. _discussus_), to -drive away. - -=disease,= discomfort, inconvenience. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 19; v. 7. -26. ME. _disese_, inconvenience, distress (Chaucer); ‘A greet diseese’ -(Wyclif, Luke xxi. 23). Anglo-F. _desaise_, trouble (Gower). - -=disease,= to trouble, inconvenience; ‘Why diseasest thou the master’, -Tyndal, Mark v. 35; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 32; Middleton, The Witch, iv. -2 (Isabella); to disturb, Chapman tr. Iliad, x. 45. See Trench, Sel. Gl. - -=disembogue,= _trans._, to empty out. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 562; -to drive out, eject; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page). Also in -form _disimboque_, Hakluyt, Voyages, i. 104. Span. _desembocar_, to come -out of the mouth of a river. - -=disentrail,= to draw forth from the entrails or inward parts. Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 3. 28; iv. 6. 18. - -=disgest,= to digest. Coriolanus, i. 1. 154; Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 179 (in -old edd.). In general prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). - -=dishable;= see =disable.= - -=disheir,= to deprive of an heir. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 705. - -=disinteressed,= disinterested. Dryden, Religio Laici, 335. See -=interessed.= - -=disleal,= disloyal. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 5. See Dict. (s.v. Leal). - -=dislike= (only in the 3rd pers.), to displease, annoy; ‘Ile do’t, but -it dislikes me’, Othello, ii. 3. 49; Middleton, Women beware, iii. 1 -(Leantio). - -=disloignd,= distant, remote. Spencer, F. Q. iv. 10. 24. OF. -_desloignier_, to remove to a distance. O. Prov. _deslonhar_, ‘éloigner, -écarter’ (Levy). - -=dismay,= to terrify; ‘I dismaye, I put a person in fere or drede, _je -desmaye_ and _je esmaye_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 4; to defeat -by a sudden onslaught, id. v. 2. 8; vi. 10. 13. See Dict. - -=dismayd,= _dis-made_, mis-made, ill-formed. F. Q. ii. 11. 11. - -=disme,= a dime, a tithe, tenth. Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 19. OF. _disme_, a -tenth; see Ducange (s.v. Decimae). L. _decima_, a tenth part. - -=dispace,= to range, to move or walk about. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 295; -Muiopotmos, 250. Cp. Ital. _spaziare_, to walk about (Fanfani). - -=disparage,= inequality of rank in marriage; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 50. -ME. _disparage_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 908). Norm. F. _desparager_, -mésallier; _desparagement_, mésalliance, union inégale (Moisy). - -=disparent,= unequal, odd; with reference to the number five. ‘A -disparent pentacle’, i.e. a pentacle with an odd number of angles, Hero -and Leander, iii. 123; ‘The odd disparent number’, i.e. the odd number -of five, id. v. 323. - -=disparkle,= to scatter abroad, disperse (_trans._ and _intr._); -‘_Esparpiller_, to scatter, disperse, disparkle’, Cotgrave; ‘It -disparcleth the mist’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 45; ‘Not suffering his -radiations to disparcle abrode’ Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, -78); see Nares. An altered form of the earlier _disparple_, see NED. See -=sparkle.= - -=disparple, disperple,= to scatter abroad, disperse. Chapman, tr. -Odyssey, x. 473; _dispurple_, Heywood, Silver Age, iii (Wks. iii. 144). -ME. _disparple_ (Wyclif, Mark xiv. 27); see Dict. M. and S. OF. -_desparpelier_; for etym. from *_parpalio_, a Romanic form of L. -_papilio_, a butterfly (as in Ital. _parpaglione_, O. Prov. _parpalho_); -see NED. - -=dispense,= liberal expenditure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 42; v. 11. 45. - -=dispergement,= ‘disparagement’, indignity. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -ii, c. 12, § 6. - -=display,= to discover, get sight of, descry. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 76; -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 74; xvii. 90; xxii. 280. See NED. (s.v. -Display, vb. 9). - -=disple,= to subject to the ‘discipline’ of the scourge, to scourge; -‘Bitter Penance with an yron whip Was wont him once to disple every -day’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27. In monastic Latin _disciplina_ = (1) a -penitential whipping, (2) the instrument of punishment itself; see -Ducange (s.v.). - -=dispose,= disposal; disposition. Two Gent. ii. 7. 86; Tr. and Cr. ii. -3. 174; Othello, i. 3. 403. - -=disposed,= inclined to merriment; in a merry mood. L. L. L. ii. 1. 250; -Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4 (Lady H.); Custom of the -Country, i. 1. 9. - -=dispunct,= impolite, discourteous, the reverse of punctilious; ‘Let’s -be retrograde. _Amorphus._ Stay. That were dispunct to the ladies’, B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2. - -=disqueat,= to disquiet, trouble. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 5, -st. 39. See =queat.= - -=disseat,= to unseat. Macbeth, v. 3. 21; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 85. - -=disseise,= to dispossess. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; vii. 7. 48. -Anglo-F. _disseisir_ (Rough List). A compound of OF. _seisir_ -(_saisir_), to put into possession, Frankish L. _sacire_; of Germanic -origin—_satjan_ (OHG. _sazjan_), to set, place; see NED. (s.v. Seize). -Cp. Ital. _sagire_, to put in full and quiet possession, namely of lands -(Florio). - -=dissident,= differing, different. Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, pp. -66, 130. L. _dissidens_, differing, disagreeing. - -=dissite,= situated apart, remote. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, vii. 270. L. -_dissitus_, situated part. - -=dissolve,= to solve; ‘Dissolve this doubtful riddle’, Massinger, Duke -of Milan, iv. 3 (Sforza); BIBLE, Daniel v. 16. [‘Thou hadst not between -death and birth Dissolved the riddle of the earth’, Tennyson, Two -Voices, 170.] - -=distance,= disagreement, estrangement. Macbeth, iii. 1. 115; ‘Distances -between his lady and him’, Pepys, Diary, Sept. 11, 1666. ME. _destance_, -difference (Gower, C. A. iii. 611). Anglo-F. _destance_, dispute, -disagreement (Gower, Mirour, 4957). See =staunce.= - -=distaste,= to have no taste for, to dislike, King Lear, i. 3. 14; to -offend the taste, Othello, iii. 3. 327. - -=distempered,= not temperate. Drayton, Pol. i. 4; disturbed in temper, -humour, King John, iv. 3. 21; disordered physically, Sonnet, 153; -mentally disordered, Milton, P. L. iv. 807; Massinger, Duke of Milan, i. -1. 18. - -=distract,= torn or drawn asunder; torn to pieces. Sh., Lover’s -Complaint, 231; perplexed by having the thoughts drawn in different -directions, Milton, Samson Ag. 1556; deranged in mind, Julius C., iv. 3. -155; Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 212. L. _distractus_, drawn asunder, -distracted. - -=distreyn,= to vex, distress. Sackville, Induction, st. 14; Surrey, The -Lover comforteth himself, 2; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 14. F. _destreindre_, -‘to straine, presse, vexe extremely’ (Cotgr.); L. _distringere_, to draw -asunder. - -=disyellow,= to free from jaundice. Warner, Albion’s England; bk. ii, -ch. 10, st. 13. - -=dit, ditt,= a poetical composition, a ditty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 13. -See NED. - -=ditch-constable,= a term of contempt. Middleton, A Mad World, v. 2 -(Follywit). - -=dite,= to winnow corn. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 498. Hence _diter_, -one who ‘dites’, id., v. 499. In common use in this sense in Scotland -and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dight, 6). - -=diurnal,= a journal, newspaper. Butler, Hudibras, i. 2. 268; Tatler, -no. 204, § 4. L. _diurnalis_, daily; from _dies_, day. - -=divedopper,= a small diving water-fowl. Drayton, Man in the Moon, 188. -See =didapper.= - -=diverse,= to turn aside; ‘The Redcrosse Knight diverst’, Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 3. 62. Only found here in this sense. - -=diversivolent,= of variable will, changeable. Webster, White Devil -(Lawyer), ed. Dyce, p. 20; (Flamineo), p. 25. A word coined by Webster. - -=diversory,= a place to which one turns in by the way. Chapman, tr. -Odyssey, xiv. 538. L. _diversorium_, an inn, freq. in Vulgate, cp. Luke -ii. 7; xxii. 11. - -=divine,= to render divine, to canonize. Spenser, Daphn., 214; Ruins of -Time, 611; Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 191. - -=divulst,= torn apart. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1. 4. L. _diuulsus_, -pp. of _diuellere_, to pluck asunder. - -=dizen,= to put flax on a distaff; ‘I dysyn a dystaffe, I put the flaxe -upon it to spynne’, Palsgrave; to dress, attire, ‘bedizen’; ‘Come, Doll, -Doll, dizen me’, Beaumont and Fl., M. Thomas, iv. 6. 3. In common use in -the north country in the sense of ‘to dress showily’ (EDD.). See Dict. -(s.v. Distaff). - -=dizling,= (perhaps) making dizzy, confusing; ‘His torch with dizling -smoke Was dim’, Golding, Metam. x. 6 (L. ‘Fax . . . lacrymoso stridula -fumo’). - -=dizzard, dizard,= a blockhead, foolish fellow. Brewer, Lingua, iii. 1 -(end). A Yorkshire word; cp. ‘dizzy’, used in the north country in the -sense of ‘foolish, stupid, half-witted’; OE. _dysig_ (Matt. vi. 26, -‘stultus’). - -=do,= to cause; ‘The villany . . . Which some hath put to shame, and -many done be dead’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 29; phr. _I cannot do withal_, -I cannot help it, Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (Sir Oliver); ‘I could -not do withal’ Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72. ME. _doon_, _do_, to cause -(Chaucer, freq.). - - =do way!= forbear! Surrey, A Song, 21; in Tottel’s Misc., p. - 219. - -=dob-chick,= a dab-chick, a small diving bird, _Podiceps minor_. -Drayton, Pol. xxv. 80; spelt _dop-chick_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. -686. ‘Dob-chick’ is in common prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). - -=docket,= the fleshy part of an animal’s tail. Greene, James IV, i. 2 -(Slip). Dimin. of _dock_, in the same sense. See NED. (s.v. Dock, -sb.^{2} 1). - -=doctor,= a false die; loaded so as to fall only in two or three ways. A -slang term; a ‘doctored die’, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Hackum); Cibber, Woman’s Wit, i (NED.). - -=dodder,= to tremble or shake from frailty; ‘Dodder grasses . . . so -called because with the least puff or blast of wind it doth as it were -dodder and tremble’, Minsheu, Ductor. - -=doddered:= phr. _doddered oak_, decayed with age; ‘Dodder’d oak’, -Dryden, tr. Persius, Sat. v. 80; Virgil, Past. ix. 9; ‘Doddered oaks’, -Palamon and Arc., iii. 905; Pope, Odyssey, xx. 200. ‘Doddered’ is in -prov. use in the north country in the sense of old, decayed, trembling: -‘A _doddered_ old man’, see EDD. s.v. Dother, vb.^{1} 1 (1)). - -=dodkin,= a little doit; a coin of very small value. Lyly, Mother -Bombie, ii. 2 (end). Du. _duytken_, dimin. of _duyt_, a doit (Hexham). -See NED. - -=doff,= a repulse, a ‘put off’. Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. -276. - -=dog,= to follow after; ‘To dog the fashion’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of -Humour, iv. 6 (Macilente). - -=dogbolt,= a contemptible fellow, mean wretch. Fletcher, Span. Curate, -ii. 2 (Lopez); Wit without Money, iii. 1. 32. As adj., worthless, base, -Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 40. The orig. sense was (probably) a crossbow-bolt, -only fit for shooting at a dog; see NED. - -=dog-leach,= a dog-doctor; a term of reproach. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. -2 (Memnon). - -=doily,= the name of a cheap stuff. Dryden, Kind Keeper, iv. 1; ‘doily -stuff’, Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iv. 4 (Lady Fanciful). See Dict. - -=dole,= portion in life; ‘Happy man be his dole’ (i.e. may happiness be -his portion), Merry Wives, iii. 4. 68; Butler, Hud., pt. i, c. 3. 638. - -=dole, dool,= grief, mourning, lamentation. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., -155; F. Q. iv. 8. 3. Spelt _dewle_, Sackville, Induction, st. 14. In -prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dole, -sb.^{2}). OF. _dol_, _deul_, sorrow; see Bartsch (s.v. Duel). See -=duill.= - -=dole= (landmark); see =dool.= - -=dolent,= a sorrowing one, a sufferer. Calisto and Melibaea, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 82. L. _dolens_, grieving. - -=doly,= doleful, sad; ‘In doly season’, Wounds of Civil War, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 170; ‘This dolye chaunce’, Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 57). See =dole= (grief). - -=domineer,= to revel, feast; to live like a lord. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. -226; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 1. 76 (Downright). - -=dommerar, dummerer,= a begging vagabond who feigns to be dumb. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 9. See Harman, Caveat, p. 57; -‘Dummerers, Abraham men’, Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896), i. 409. - -=Dondego,= a Spaniard; short for ‘Don Diego’. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt -(Brett), ed. Dyce, p. 198. See =Diego.= - -=done, donne,= to do. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28; vi. 10. 32. ME. _doon_, -_don_, to do; _done_, _doon_, ger. (Chaucer). OE. _dōn_, to do. - -=donny,= somewhat ‘dun’, or brownish. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 400. See -NED. (s.v. Dunny, adj.^{1}). - -=donzel, donsel,= a squire, a page, youth. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4. -20; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). Ital. _donzello_, ‘a -damosell, page, squire, serving-man’ (Florio). Med. L. _domicellus_, -_domnicellus_ (Ducange); dimin. of L. _dominus_, lord. See Dict. (s.v. -Damsel). - -=dool, dole, dowle,= a boundary-mark; ‘With dowles and ditches’, -Golding, Metam. i. 136; fol. 3 (1603); ‘They pullid uppe the doolis’, -Paston Letters, i. 58. Low G. _dōle_, _dōl_, a boundary-mark (Koolman). -‘Dool’ is in common prov. use in this sense in the north country, see -EDD. (s.v. Dool, sb.^{2} 1). - -=dool;= see =dole= (grief). - -=door:= phr. _to keep the door_, to be a pandar. Middleton, A Fair -Quarrel, iv. 4 (Trimtram). _Door-keeper_, a bawd; id., The Black Book, -ed. Dyce, vol. iv, p. 525. - -=dop,= a dip, duck, low bow. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); -to dip, duck, dive, bob; Dryden, Epilogue to the Unhappy Favourite, 2. - -=dop,= to baptize. God’s Promises, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 318. Du. -_doopen_, to dip, baptize (Sewel). - -=dopper, doper,= a (Dutch) Anabaptist; ‘This is a _dopper_ (old ed. -_doper_), a she Anabaptist’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 -(Register); News from the New World (Factor). Du. _dooper_, a dipper, -baptizer (Sewel). - -=dor,= scoff, mockery. Phr. _to give the dor_, to make game of, B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2; _to receive the dor_, to be marked, -Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 29. Icel. _dār_, scoff. - -=dor,= to make game of, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iv. 1. 15. -Icel. _dāra_ to mock, make sport of. - -=dorado,= name of a species of fish; ‘The _Dorado_, which the English -confound with the Dolphin, is much like a Salmon’, J. Davies, tr. -Mandelslo (ed. 1669, iii. 196); a wealthy person, ‘A troop of these -ignorant Doradoes’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. ii, § 1. Span. -_dorado_, ‘a fish called a Dory, or Gilt head, an enemy to the Flying -Fish’ (Stevens); _dorar_, to gild; L. _deaurare_. See Stanford. - -=dorp,= a village. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 238, 298; Dryden, Hind and -Panther, iii. 6. 11. Du. _dorp_, a village. See Dict. (s.v. Thorp). - -=dorre,= applied to species of bees or flies; a bumble-bee; a drone-bee; -_fig._ a drone, a lazy idler; ‘Gentlemen which cannot be content to live -idle themselfes, lyke dorres’, Robynson, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 38). -OE. _dora_, ‘atticus’ (Epinal Gl., 119); cp. ‘Adticus, feld beo, dora’ -in Cleopatra Glosses (Voc. 351. 22). See NED. (s.v. Dor, sb.^{1}). - -=dorser;= see =dosser.= - -=dortour,= a sleeping room, bedchamber. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 24. ME. -_dortour_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1855). Norm. F. _dortur_ (Moisy), OF. -_dortoir_, Monastic L. _dormitorium_ (Ducange). - -=dosser,= a basket, pannier. Merry Devil, i. 3. 142; Jonson, Staple of -News, ii. [4.] (Almanac); spelt _dorser_, Beaumont and Fl., -Night-Walker, i. 1 (Lurcher). An E. Anglian word for a pannier slung -over a horse’s back (EDD). ME. _dosser_, a basket to carry on the back -(Chaucer, Hous F. 1940). F. _dossier_, ‘partie d’une hotte qui s’appuie -sur le dos de celui qui la porte’ (Hatzfeld). - -=dotes,= endowments, good qualities. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 2 -(Cler.); Underwoods, c. 25. L. _dotes_, pl. of _dos_, an endowment. - -=dottrel, dotterel,= a pollarded tree; also used attrib.; ‘Old dotterel -trees’, Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 137); ‘A long-set -dottrel’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 465. ‘Dotterel’ is used in this -sense near Oxford, and in the south Midlands (EDD). - -=double reader,= a lawyer who is going through a second course of -reading; ‘I am a bencher, and now double reader’, B. Jonson, Magnetic -Lady, iv. 1 (Practice); ‘Men came to be _single readers_ at 15 or 16 -years standing in the House [Inn of Court] and _read double_ about 7 -years afterwards’, Sir W. Dugdale, Orig. Jur., 209 (Glossary to Jonson). - -=doubt,= i.e. _’doubt_, a shortened form of _redoubt_, a fortification. -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 286. - -=doucepere,= an illustrious knight or paladin. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. -31; orig. only used in the pl.: ME. _dozepers_ (_douzepers_), the twelve -peers or paladins of Charlemagne. Anglo-F. _li duze per_ (Ch. Rol. -3187). See NED. (s.v. Douzepers). - -=dough;= see =dow.= - -=dought,= to make afraid, Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Suctonius). See -=dout.= - -=douse,= to strike violently; ‘To death with daggers _doust_’ (also -wrongly, _dounst_, in ed. 1587), Mirror for Magistrates, Henry VI, st. -4. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). - -=douse,= a sweetheart. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 7. F. _douce_, fem. of -_doux_, sweet; L. _dulcis_. - -=dout,= fear; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 37. OF. _doute_, fear. - -=dow,= to thrive; ‘He’ll never dow’ (i.e. he’ll never do well), Ray, -North C. Words, 13; spelt _dough_, to be in health, Heywood, The Fair -Maid, ii. 1 (Clem). ‘Dow’ is in prov. use in the north, meaning to -thrive, prosper, also, to recover from sickness (EDD.). ME. _dowe_, pr. -s. 1 p., am able to do (Wars Alex. 4058). OE. _dugan_, to be able, to be -vigorous (see Wright, OE. Gram. § 541). - -=dowcets,= the testicles of a deer. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 -(1 Woodman); B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 6. In old cookery books _dowset_ -was the name of a sweet dish. F. _doucet_, dimin. of _doux_, sweet. See -NED. (s.v. Doucet), and cp. =dulcet.= - -=dowe,= ‘dough’. Lyly, Endimion, i. 2 (Tellus); ‘A lytell leven doth -leven the whole lompe of dowe’, Tyndale, Gal. v. 9. - -=dowl=(=e,= soft fine feathers. Tempest, iii. 3. 65 (see W. A. Wright’s -note). In prov. use in the S. Midlands for down or fluff (EDD.). ME. -_doule_, a down-feather (Plowman’s Tale, st. 14). See Notes on Eng. -Etym. - -=dowle,= see =dool.= - -=dowsabell,= a sweetheart. A name, used as a term for a sweetheart. Com. -of Errors, iv. 1. 110; London Prodigal, iv. 2. 73. F. _douce-belle_, L. -_dulcibella_, sweet and fair. - -=doxy,= a vagabond’s mistress. (Cant.) Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 2; -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). See Harman, Caveat, p. 73; where -the sing. form is _doxe_. - -=drabler, drabbler,= an additional piece of canvas, laced to the bottom -of a bonnet of a sail. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1328); p. 134, -col. 2; Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Y. Forrest); vol. vi, -p. 416. From _drabble_, to wet; from its position. Cp. E. Fris. -_drabbeln_, to stamp about in the water (Koolman). See EDD. (s.v. -Drabble). - -=dragon,= the name of a stage in the fermentation for producing the -elixir. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). - -=drake,= a dragon. Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory, ed. Dyce, p. 563. -‘_Drake_, dragon’, Levins, Manipulus. OE. _draca_, L. _draco_, Gk. -δράκων. - -=drane,= a drone. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 3; Skelton, -Against the Scottes, 172. ME. _drane_, ‘fucus’ (Prompt.). The pronunc. -of drone in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). OE. _drān_ (_drǣn_). - -=drapet,= a cloth, a covering. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 27. Cp. Ital. -_drappetto_, dimin. of _drappe_, cloth. - -=drasty,= worthless, rubbishy; ‘Drasty sluttish geere’, Hall, Sat. v. 2. -49; ‘Drasty ballats’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicioso). In -several places the _s_ has been misprinted as _f_; the error originated -with Thynne, who, in 1532, twice substituted _drafty_ for _drasty_ in -the Prologue to Melibeus: ‘Thy drasty spectre’ (C. T. B. 2113); ‘Thy -drasty ryming’ (id. 2120); see NED. OE. _dræstig_, ‘feculentus’ (Voc. -238. 20). - -=draw-cut,= done by drawing _cuts_ or lots. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, -Aeneid i, 515. See =cut= (1). - -=drawer,= a waiter at a tavern. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 165; Romeo, iii. 1. -9. One who _draws_ liquor for guests. - -=drawer-on,= an incitement to appetite. Massinger, Guardian, ii. 3 -(Cario). - -=drawlatch,= lit. one who lifts a latch; a sneaking thief. Jacob and -Esau, ii. 3 (Esau). - -=dray,= a squirrel’s nest. Drayton, Quest of Cynthia, st. 51; [The -squirrel] ‘Gets to the wood, and hides him in his dray’, W. Browne, -Brit. Pastorals, bk. i, song 5. A prov. word in general use (EDD.). - -=drazel,= a slattern, slut. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 987. The word is in use -in the south of England, in Sussex and Hampshire, see EDD. (s.v. -Drazil). - -=dread,= an object of reverence or awe. Milton, Samson, 1473; ‘Una, his -deare dreed’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 2. - -=drent,= drowned. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 49; v. 7. 39. ME. _dreint_ -(_dreynt_), pp. of _drenchen_, to drown (Chaucer, Bk. Duchess, 148). - -=drere,= grief, sorrow, gloom. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 40; ii. 12. 36. -Hence, _drerihed_, sadness, id., Muiopotmos, 347; _dreriment_, Shep. -Kal., Nov., 36. - -=dresser.= The signal for the servants to take in the dinner was the -cook’s knocking on the dresser, thence called the cook’s drum (Nares); -‘When the dresser, the cook’s drum, thunders’, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, -iii. 1 (Steward); ‘The dresser calls in (_Knock within, as at -dresser_)’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., iii. 1 (Seely); vol. iv, p. 206; -‘Hark! they knock to the dresser’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (end). - -=dretched,= _pp._, vexed or disturbed by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf 402. -31; bk. xx, c. 5. OE. _dreccan_, to vex. - - =dretchyng of swevens,= vexation by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf - 430*. 7; bk. xxi, c. 12. - -=drib,= to let fall in drops or driblets, to dribble out. Dryden, -Prologue to The Loyal Brother, 22. Cp. prov. ‘drib’, a drop, a small -quantity of liquid (EDD.). - -=dricksie,= decayed; as timber; ‘A drie and dricksie oak’, Puttenham, -Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 252. See _Droxy_ in EDD.; and _Drix_ in -NED. - -=drink,= to smoke tobacco. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Laxton). A -common expression. See Nares. - -=drivel,= a drudge, a servant doing menial work; ‘A Drudge, or driuell’, -Baret (1580); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2, 3; ‘A dyshwasher, a dryvyll’, -Skelton, Against Garnesche, 26. Spelt _drevil_, Tusser, Husbandry, § -113. 12. ME. _drivil_, a drudge, a menial (see Prompt. EETS., note no. -588); cp. Du. _drevel_, ‘a scullion, or a turnspit’ (Hexham). See NED. - -=droil,= a drudge, a menial. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, -ii. 1. 19; Brome, New Acad. ii, p. 40 (Nares). See Prompt. EETS. (note -no. 588). - -=droil,= to drudge. Spelt _droyle_, Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 157. Hence -_droil_, drudgery, Shirley, Gentlemen of Venice, i. 2. - -=drollery,= a puppet-show; a puppet; a caricature. Tempest, iii. 3. 21; -Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Wildgoose Chase, i. 2. 21; 2 -Hen. IV, ii. 1. 156. F. _drôlerie_, ‘waggery; a merry prank’; _dróle_, -‘a good fellow, boon companion, merry grig, pleasant wag; one that cares -not which end goes forward or how the world goes’ (Cotgr.). - -=dromound,= a large ship, propelled by many oars. Morte Arthur, leaf 82, -back, 30; bk. v, c. 3 (end). Anglo-F. _dromund_ (Rough List), OF. -_dromon_, Med. L. _dromō_ (Ducange), Byzant. Gk. δρόμων, a large ship; -cogn. with Gk. δρόμος, a racing, a course. - -=drone,= to smoke (a pipe); ‘Droning a tobacco-pipe’, B. Jonson, Sil. -Woman, iv. 1; Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 3. - -=dronel, dronet,= a drone; ‘That dronel’, Appius and Virginia, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 151; ‘Like vnto dronets’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, -To Reader (ed. Furnivall, p. xi). - -=dropshot:= phr. _at dropshot_; ‘I’ll do no more at dropshot’ (i.e. I’ll -do no more in the character of an eaves-dropper, or where one can be -_shot_ with _drops_), Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, iii. 6 (end). - -=drossel,= a slattern, a slut. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 47, -st. 12. A north Yorkshire word (EDD.). See =drazel.= - -=drouson;= ‘Boiling oatemeale . . . with barme or the dregges and hinder -ends of your beere barrels makes an excellent pottage . . . of great vse -in all the parts of the West Countrie . . . called by the name of -drouson potage’, Markham, Farewell, 133 (EDD.); ‘Drowsen broath’, London -Prodigal, ii. 1. 42. OE. _drōsna_, lees, dregs. - -=droye,= a servant, a drudge. Spelt _droie_; Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 3; -Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78). - -=droye,= to drudge, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 664. - -=druggerman,= a ‘dragoman’, interpreter. Dryden, Don Sebastian, ii. 1 -(Emperor); [Pope, Donne’s Sat. iv. 83]. See Dict. (s.v. Dragoman); also -Stanford. - -=drum:= phr. _Jack Drum’s entertainment_, ill-treatment, esp. by turning -a man out of doors, Heywood, ii. 2 (Sencer). _To sell by the drum_, to -sell by auction; in North’s Plutarch, Octavius, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., p. -255, n. 3); hence, _by the dromme_ (by the drum), in public, Warner, -Albion’s England, bk. ix, c. 53, st. 31. - -=drumble,= to be sluggish, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; a sluggish, stupid -person, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. A dull, -inactive person is called a ‘drummil’ in Warwickshire. A person moving -lazily about is said to ‘drumble’ in Cornwall (EDD.). Norw. _drumla_, to -be drowsy; Swed. _drummel_, a blockhead. - -=drumslade, dromslade,= a drum; ‘Dromslade, suche as Almayns use in -warre, _bedon_’, Palsgrave. Also spelt _drumslet_; Golding, Metam. xii. -481; fol. 149, bk. (1603). Du. _trommelslag_ (G. _trommelschlag_), the -beat of a drum. - -=drumsler,= a drummer. Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 224, 241. A form corrupted -from _drumslager_, once in use to mean ‘drummer’. Du. _trommelslager_, a -drummer (Sewel). See above. - -=dry-fat,= a cask, case, or box for holding dry things, not liquids; ‘A -dry-fat of new books’, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, i. 2 (Brisae); -_dry-vat_, Dekker, Shoemakers’ H., v. 2 (Firk). See Dict. (s.v. Vat). - -=dry-foot:= phr. _to draw_ or _hunt dry-foot_, to track game by the mere -scent of the foot. Com. Errors, iv. 2. 39; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 2 -(Brainworm). - -=Du cat-a whee,= God preserve you! Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); Monsieur Thomas, i. 2. 8; _Dugat a whee_, -Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Welshwoman). Welsh _Duw cadw chwi_, God -preserve you! - -=dub,= a stroke, blow; _Lydian dubs_, soft taps, like soft Lydian music; -_Phrygian dubs_, hard blows, like loud Phrygian music. Butler, Hudibras, -ii. 1. 850. - -=ducdame,= a word in the burden of a song. In As You Like It, ii. 5. 56. -Doubtless a coined word, and admirably defined by Shakespeare as ‘a -Greek invocation to call fools into a circle’; which I accept as it -stands. - -=duce.= Used in interjectional and imprecatory phrases; ‘I wonder where -a duce the third is fled’, Roger Boyle, Guzman, i; ‘Who a duce are those -two fellows?’ id., ii; ‘Who a duce is here by our door?’ (Socia), -Echard, Plautus (ed. 1694, 13); Centlivre, Busie Body (ed. 1732, 41). - - =duce= is the same word as _deuce_, an E. form of F. _deux_, - two. The orig. sense of ‘a duce’ was exclamatory, signifying, - ‘Oh! ill-luck, the _deuce_!’—two being a losing throw at dice. - The form _duce_ came to us immediately from a Low G. - dialect—_dûs_, found in MHG.; cp. G. ‘was der Daus!’ (what the - deuce!). See Dict. (s.v. Deuce). - -=dudder,= to tremble, quake, shake. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 -(Cuddy). ‘Dudder’ is a prov. word in various parts of Scotland and -England, see EDD. (s.v. Duther). See =dodder.= - -=dudgeon,= the hilt of a dagger made of a kind of wood called dudgin -(dudgeon). Macbeth, ii. 1. 46. ME. _dojoun_, or masere (Prompt., ed. -Way, 436). - -=dudgeon,= the same word as the one above, used attrib. in the sense of -plain, homely; since a _dudgeon_ was regarded as a common sort of haft; -‘I am plain and dudgeon’, Fletcher, Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); ‘I use old -dudgeon’, phrase, id., Queen of Corinth, ii. 4 (Conon). - -=dudgeon-dagger,= a dagger with a hilt made of ‘dudgeon’. Beaumont and -Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1 (Curio); _dudgin dagger_, Kyd, Soliman, i. 3. 160. -Shortened to _dudgeon_, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 379. - -=Dugat a whee;= see =Du cat-a whee.= - -=duill,= to grieve, sadden, make sorrowful; ‘It duills me’, B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maudlin). Cp. F. _deuil_, grief. See =dole.= - -=duke,= a name for the castle or rook, at chess; ‘Dukes? They’re called -Rooks by some’, Middleton, A Game at Chess, Induct. 54; Women beware, -ii. 2 (Livia). - -=Duke Humphrey, to dine with,= to go without dinner; ‘He may chaunce -dine with duke Homphrye tomorrow’, Sir Thos. More, iv. 2. 361. One who -had no prospect of a dinner would walk in St. Paul’s, under the pretence -of going to see Duke Humphrey’s monument there; on the chance that he -might meet there some acquaintance who would invite him. But Duke -Humphrey was actually buried at St. Albans (see Stowe’s Survey, ed. -Thoms, 125). Cp. Mayne, City Match, iii. 3 (Plotwell and Timothy). See -Nares. - -=dulcet,= the dowcet of a stag. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 219. A -latinized form; see =dowcets.= - -=dumbfounding,= a stupefying; said to mean a rough amusement in which -one person struck another hard and stealthily upon the back; ‘That witty -recreation, called dumbfounding’, Dryden, Prologue to the Prophetess, -47. See EDD. (s.v. Dumbfounder). - -=dummerer;= see =dommerar.= - -=dump,= a fit of abstraction or musing; ‘I dumpe, I fall in a dumpe or -musyng upon thynges’, Palsgrave; ‘Lethargic dump’, Butler, Hudibras, i. -2. 973; a fit of melancholy, ‘In doleful dump’, id., ii. 1. 85; a -plaintive melody or song, Two Gent. iii. 2. 85; used of a kind of dance, -‘The devil’s dump had been danced then’, Fletcher, Pilgrim, v. 4 -(Roderigo). - -=dunny,= somewhat ‘dun’, or dusky brown. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 400. A -north-country word (EDD.). See =donny.= - -=Dun’s in the mire= (the horse is stuck in the mire), the name of a -rustic game in which the players had to extricate a wooden ‘dun’ (a -horse) from an imaginary slough. ‘Dun is in the mire’ became a -proverbial phrase, so in Chaucer, Manciple’s Prologue, 5. ‘Dun’s i’ th’ -mire’, Fletcher, “Woman-hater, iv. 2 (Pandar). The game is alluded to in -Romeo, i. 4. 41. ‘If thou art Dun we’ll draw thee from the mire’, and in -Hudibras, iii. 3. 110, ‘Your trusty squire, Who has dragg’d your dunship -out o’ th’ mire’. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (under ‘Games’), and Gifford’s -Ben Jonson, vii. 283 (Nares). - -=dun’s the mouse,= the mouse is brown. A jocose phrase of small meaning; -sometimes used after another has used the word _done_; Romeo, i. 4. 40; -London Prodigal, iv. 1. 16. - -=Dunstable, plain= (a proverbial phrase), plain speaking. Witch of -Edmonton, i. 2 (Old Carter). Cp. the proverb, ‘As plain as Dunstable -highway’, Heywood’s Eng. Proverbs, 69, 136; ‘As plain as Dunstable -road’, Fuller, Worthies, i. 114 (NED.). See Nares. - -=durance,= confinement. L. L. L. iii. 1. 135; 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 37; -durableness, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 49. Cp. ‘As the tailor, that out of seven -yards stole one and a half of durance’, i.e. durable cloth, Three Ladies -of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344. - -=Durandell,= a trusty sword. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 123. OF. -_Durendal_, the name of the sword of Roland (Ch. Rol. 926). See -=Durindana.= - -=duret,= some kind of dance; ‘Galliards, durets, corantoes’, Beaumont, -Masque at Gray’s Inn, stage direction (near the end). - -=duretta,= a coarse stuff of a durable quality. Mayne, City Match, i. 5 -(Timothy). Also _duretto_ (NED.). Ital. _duretto_, ‘somewhat hard’ -(Florio). - -=Durindana,= the name of Orlando’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. -iii. 1 (Bobadil); Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); -_Durindan_, Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (Calveskin). Ital. _Durindana_ -(Ariosto); see Fanfani. The Italian name for _Durendal_, by which the -famous sword of Roland is known in the old French _Chansons de Geste_. -See Gautier’s note on ‘Durendal’ in his ‘Chanson de Roland’, l. 926, p. -90. - -=dust,= to hurl, fling, cast with force. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. -544; xxi. 377. See EDD. - -=dust-point,= a boys’ game in which ‘points’ were laid in a heap of -dust, and thrown at with a stone; ‘Our boyes, laying their points in a -heape of dust, and throwing at them with a stone, call that play of -theirs Dust-point’, Cotgrave (s.v. _Darde_). Fletcher, Captain, iii. 3 -(Clora); Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi. (Melanthus). - -=Dutch widow,= a cant term for a prostitute. Middleton, A Trick to -Catch, iii. 3 (Drawer). - -=dutt,= to dote; ‘Dutting Duttrell’ (i.e. doting dotterel), Edwards, -Damon and Pithias; altered to _doating dottrel_ in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -iv. 68; but see Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88, l. 1. - -=dwine,= to pine away; ‘He . . . dwyned awaye’, Morte Arthur, leaf 429*, -back, 8; bk. xxi, c. 12; _dwynd_, withered, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -ii. 567 (ed. Arber, p. 61). In common prov. use in Scotland and the -north of England (EDD.). ME. _dwynyn awey_, ‘evanesco’ (Prompt.). OE. -_dwīnan_. - -=dybell,= (probably) trouble, difficulty; ‘My son’s in Dybell here, in -Caperdochy, i’ tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72. Perhaps the -same word as ‘dibles’ (or daibles), an E. Anglian word for difficulties, -embarrassments (EDD.). - - - - - E - - -=e-,= prefix, for the more usual _y-_ (AS. _ge-_), prefixed to past -participles. Exx. _emixt_, mixed, Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. 9; -_etride_, tried, id., Sabrine, st. 26. - -=eager,= keen, sharp, severe. Hamlet, i. 4. 2; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xi. 231. - -=eagre,= a ‘bore’ in a river; an incoming tidal wave of unusual height. -Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis, 132; spelt _agar_, Lyly, Galathea, i. 1 -(Tyterus). In prov. use in many forms: _aiger_, _ager_, _eager_, -_eygre_, _hygre_, &c., in Yorks., Nottingham, Lincoln, and E. Anglia -(EDD.). See =higre.= - -=eame;= see =eme.= - -=ean.= Of ewes: to lamb, bring forth young, to ‘yean’, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. -36. Hence, _Eaning-time_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). ‘To -ean’ is in prov. use in various spellings in many parts of England from -the north country to Devon (EDD.). ME. _enyn_, ‘feto’ (Prompt. EETS. -150); OE. _ēanian_, to yean. See Brugmann, § 671. - -=ear,= to plough. BIBLE, Deut. xxi. 4; 1 Sam. viii. 12; Is. xxx. 24. In -prov. use (EDD.). ME. _ere_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 886), OE. _erian_. See -Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=earn, erne,= to grieve, to be afflicted with poignant sorrow and -compassion. Hen. V, ii. 3. 3 (mod. edd. _yearn_); Julius C., ii. 2. 129; -_it earns me_, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 6 -(Overdo); _earne_, to yearn, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 3; i. 6. 25; i. 9. 18; -_erne_, ii. 3. 46. ME. _ȝernen_, to yearn (P. Plowman), OE. _geornan_; -see Dict. M. and S., p. 267. - -=earth,= a ploughing. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 50. In prov. use in -Suffolk, Hants., Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Earth, sb.^{2}). OE. _erð_ for -WS. _ierđ_, a ploughing (Sweet), deriv. of _erian_, to plough, ‘to ear’; -not the same word as OE. _eorðe_, earth. - -=easing,= the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘Under the easing of the -house’, North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 16 (end); ‘_Severonde_, the -eave, eaving or easing of a house’, Cotgrave. In gen. prov. use in -various spellings, in Scotland and Ireland, and in England, in the north -and Midlands to Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. _esynge_, ‘tectum’ (Cath. Angl.). -See =evesing.= - -=eater,= a servant. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Morose). - -=eath,= easy. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Shep. Kal., Sept., 17; spelt -_ethe_, id., July, 90. A north-country word, once much used in poetry -(EDD.). ME. _ethe_, easy (Cursor M. 597), OE. _ēaðe_, easy, _ēað_ -(common in compounds). - -=eathly,= easily. Peele, Order of the Garter, ed. Dyce, p. 587. Common -in Scottish poetry (EDD.). - -=eaths,= easily. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 130. The _s_ has an adverbial -force. - -=eccentric,= not concentric with; hence, disagreeing with. Bacon, Essay -23; an orbit not having the earth precisely in the centre (a contrivance -in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, for explaining the phenomena), id. -17. - -=eche,= to ‘eke’, to make up a deficiency; ‘To eche it and to draw it -out in length’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 23 (Qq 3, 4, _eech_). Cp. -Northampton dialect, ‘My gown’s too short, I must eche it a bit’, see -EDD. (s.v. Eke, vb. 3). ME. _echen_, to increase (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -i. 887), OE. (Mercian) _ēcan_, WS. _īecan_, to increase. - -=edder,= an adder. Morte Arthur, leaf 290. 11; bk. xi, c. 5; Skelton, -Philip Sparowe, 78. ME. _eddyr_, an adder (Prompt. EETS. 142). - -=edder,= fence-wood, osiers or rods of hazel, used for interlacing the -stakes of a hedge at the top; ‘Edder and stake’, Tusser, Husbandry, § -33. 13; _eddered_, bound with edders, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 126. 7; -_edderynge_, id. In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England; for various -spellings see EDD. - -=eddish, edish,= the aftermath or second crop of grass, clover, &c.; -‘Eddish, eadish, etch, ersh, the latter pasture or grass that comes -after mowing or reaping’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust. (A.D. 1681); Tusser, -Husbandry, § 18. 4; stubble, ‘Eddish . . . more properly the stubble or -gratten in cornfields’, Bp. Kennett (NED.). In gen. prov. use in England -(EDD.). OE. _edisc_, ‘pascua’ (Ps. xcix. 3). - -=edge,= to urge, encourage, stimulate. Bacon, Essay 41, § 5. The -pronunc. of _egg_ (to incite) in use in various parts of England from -Lancash. to Cornwall (EDD.). ME. _eggen_, to incite (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, -182), Icel. _eggja_. - -=edify,= to build; ‘There was an holy chappell edifyde’, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 1. 34; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 660. F. _edifier_, to edifie, build -(Cotgr.), L. _aedificare_. - -=effaut,= for _F fa ut_, the full name of the musical note _F_, which -was sung to _fa_ or to _ut_ according as it occurred in one or other of -the hexachords (imperfect scales) to which it belonged (NED.). -Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 5 (Bayes). The first hexachord contained -G (the lowest note), A, B, C, D, E (but not F); the second contained C, -D, E, F, G, A, sung to _ut_, _re_, _mi_, _fa_, _sol_, _la_, F being sung -to _fa_; the third began with F, sung to _ut_; so that F was sung to -_fa_ or _ut_, and was called F _fa ut_. - -=efficace,= effectiveness, efficacy. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 602. F. -_efficace_, efficacy (Cotgr.), L. _efficacia_ (Pliny). - -=efficient,= creative or productive cause. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, -pt. 1, § 14; id., Vulgar Errors, bk. vii, c. 4, § 2. - -=egal,= equal. Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 13 (F.); _egally_, equally, Richard -III, iii. 7. 213; _egalness_, equality, Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 -(Philander). F. _égal_. - -=eggs:= phr. _to have eggs on the spit_, to be busy; with reference to -the old mode of roasting eggs; ‘I have eggs on the spit’, B. Jonson, Ev. -Man in Hum. iii. 6. 47; see Wheatley’s note. - -=eggs:= phr. _to take eggs for money_, to accept an offer which one -would rather refuse. Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 161. (Fully explained by me in -Phil. Soc. Trans., 1903, p. 146). Farmers’ daughters would go to market, -taking with them a basket of eggs. If one bought something worth -(suppose) 3_s._ 4_d._, she would pay the 3_s._ and say—‘will you take -eggs for money?’ If the shopman weakly consented, he received the value -of the 4_d._ in eggs; usually (16th cent.) at the rate of 4 or 5 a -penny. But the strong-minded shopman would refuse. Eggs were even used -to pay interest for money. Thus Rowley has: ‘By Easter next you should -have the principal, and eggs for the use [interest], indeed, sir. -_Bloodhound._ Oh rogue, rogue, I shall have eggs for my money! I must -hang myself’, A Match at Midnight, v. 1. See Nares (s.v. Eggs for -Money). - -=eisel,= vinegar; ‘I will drink potions of eisel’, Sh. Sonnets, cxi; -spelt _eysel_. Skelton, Now Synge We, 40. ME. _esyle_, ‘acetum’ (Prompt. -EETS. 147, see note no. 661); _aysel_ (Hampole, Ps. lxviii. 26). OF. -_aisil_, vinegar (Oxford Ps. lxviii. 26). - -=ejaculation,= a darting forth. Bacon, Essay 9, § 1. - -=E-la,= the highest note in the old musical scale, sung to the syllable -_la_ in the old gamut; which began with G (_ut_) on the lowest line of -the base clef, and ended with E in the highest space of the treble clef. -Whoever sang a higher note than this was said to sing ‘above E-_la_’. -Hence anything extreme was said ‘to be above E-_la_’. ‘Why, this is -above E-_la_!’ Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iv. 4 (Leontius; -near the end). N.B. The old gamut was really founded on hexachords or -major sixths; each hexachord contained six notes and comprised four full -tones and a semitone, the semitone being in the middle, between the -third and fourth note. The hexachords began (in ascending succession) -upon the lower G, C, F, G (above F), C (still higher), F (above the last -C), and G (above the last F). There were twenty notes in all; viz. G A B -C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E; and each of the hexachords was sung -to the same syllables, _ut_, _re_, _mi_, _fa_, _sol_, _la_. The highest -hexachord contained the G A B C D E at the top of the scale; and as E -was thus sung to _la_, it was called E-_la_. It had no other name, -because it only occurred in the highest hexachord. In hexachords -beginning with F the B was flat. - -=eld,= to ail; ‘What thing eldeth thee?’ Thersites, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 414. Cp. _aild_, prov. pronunc. of _ail_ (vb.): ‘He’s allus -aildin’ (Worcestersh.); _aildy_, ailing, poorly, ‘I be very aildy -to-day’ (Northampton); so in Beds., _teste_ J. W. Burgon, see EDD. (s.v. -Ail and Aildy). In Shropsh. they say _elded_ for _ailed_. - -=elder,= an elder-tree. It was an old belief that Judas Iscariot hung -himself upon an elder. See L. L. L. v. 2. 610; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of -Humour, iv. 4 (Carlo). See P. Plowman, C. ii. 64 (Notes, p. 31). - -=elegant,= for =alicant,= q.v. A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 1. 18. - -=element,= the sky. Julius Caes. i. 3. 128; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., -116; Milton, Comus, 299. In common prov. use in the west country. A -Somerset man describing a thunderstorm would say, ‘Th’ element was all -to a flicker’ (EDD.). - -=elenche, elench,= a logical refutation, a syllogism in refutation of an -argument. Massinger, Emperor of the East, ii. 1 (Theodosius). Also, a -sophistical argument, a fallacy; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, § xiv. -5. L. _elenchus_, Gk. ἔλεγχος, cross-examination. - -=elk,= the wild swan, or hooper. ‘The Elk’, in the margin of Golding’s -tr. of Ovid, Metam. xiv. 509; ‘In hard winters elks, a kind of wild -swan, are seen’, Sir T. Browne (Wks. ed. 1893, iii. 313); ‘_Swanne_, -some take thys to be the elke or wild swanne’, Huloet. See =ilke.= - -=ellops,= a kind of serpent. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. ἔλλοψ, ἔλοψ, lit. -‘mute’, an epithet of fish (so Prellwitz); name for a certain sea-fish, -probably the sword-fish or sturgeon, later, a serpent. - -=embase,= to debase, lower. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 20; Sonnet 82. - -=embassade,= a mission as ambassador. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 32; also, -quasi-adv., on an embassy, Spenser, Hymn in Honour of Beauty, 251. F. -_embassade_, an embassage; also an embassador accompanied with his -ordinary train (Cotgr.). - -=embay,= to bathe, drench, wet, steep. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27; ii. 12. -60. Metaph., to bathe (oneself in sunshine); Muiopotmos, 200; to -pervade, suffuse, F. Q. i. 9. 13. - -=embayed, imbayed,= enclosed as in a bay; enveloped, engirt. Spelt -_imbayed_, enclosed; Capt. Smith, Works, ed. Arber, p. 333, l. 3; -_embayed_, engirt, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 230. - -=embayle,= to enclose, encompass. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27. - -=embezzle,= to waste, squander; ‘His bills embezzled’, Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lincoln); Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia, c. -iii, § 7. See NED. - -=emboss,= to ornament with bosses or studs, to decorate. Spenser, F. Q. -iv. 4. 15; Shep. Kal., Feb., 67. - -=embost= (of a hunted animal). A stag was said to be _embossed_ -(_embost_) when blown and fatigued with being chased—foaming, panting, -unable to hold out any longer; ‘The boar of Thessaly Was never so -emboss’d’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 11. 3; ‘The salvage beast embost in wearie -chace’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 22. Metaph., ‘Our feeble harts Embost -with bale’, i. 9. 29; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 7. ME. -_embose_, to plunge deeply into a wood or thicket (Chaucer, Dethe -Blaunche, 353). OF. _bos_ (_bois_), a wood. See =imbost.= - -=embost,= encased, enclosed (as in armour); ‘A knight . . . in mighty -armes embost’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 24. - -=embowd,= arched over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 19. - -=embraid,= to upbraid, taunt, mock. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. -7, § 2; Tusser, Husbandry, § 112, st. 7. Cp. ME. _breydyn_ or -_upbraydyn_, ‘Impropereo’ (Prompt. EETS. 64). OE. _bregdan_, to bring a -charge (B. T. Suppl.), Icel. _bregða_, to upbraid, blame. - -=embrave,= to embellish, decorate. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 60. - -=embrew,= to ‘imbrue’, cover with blood; ‘With wyde wounds embrewed’, -Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17; Hymn of Love, 13. - -=embrocata,= a thrust in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villany, Sat. xi. -57. See =imbroccato.= - -=eme,= uncle. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 47; spelt _eame_, Drayton, Pol. -xxii. 427. 848. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _eme_, fadiris brodyr, -‘patruus’ (Prompt.), OE. _ēam_. - -=emeril,= emery. Drayton, Pol. i. 53. F. _emeril_, emery (Cotgr.); OF. -_esmeril_; Ital. _smeriglio_, deriv. of Gk. σμύρις, emery-powder. - -=emmarble,= to convert into marble. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 139. - -=emmew,= or =enmew;= errors for =enew,= q.v. - -=empair,= to harm, injure. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 48; to become less, to -be diminished, id., v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Impair). - -=empale,= to surround, enclose. Sackville. Induction, st. 67. - -=emparlance,= parley, talk. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 50. Cp. Norm. F. -_emparler_, ‘parler, entretenir’, also ‘entretien’ (Moisy), O. Prov. -_emparlat_, ‘éloquent’ (Levy). - -=empeach,= to hinder. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 34; ii. 7. 15; ‘I empesshe, -or let one of his purpose’, Palsgrave. F. _empescher_, ‘to hinder’ -(Cotgr.); O. Prov. _empedegar_, ‘empêcher’ (Levy), Med. L. _impedicare_, -‘implicare’ (Ducange). See =impeach.= - -=empery,= dominion, rank of an emperor. Titus And. i. 1. 201; Hen. V, i. -2. 226. Norm. F. _emperie_ (Moisy), L. _imperium_, empire. - -=empesshement,= hindrance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 131. 29. See -=impechement.= - -=emprese,= ‘emprise’, enterprise, undertaking. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xi. 257. See NED. (s.v. Emprise). - -=emprise,= an undertaking, an enterprise. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., -83; chivalric enterprise, martial prowess, Milton, P. L. xi. 642; ‘In -brave poursuit of chevalrous emprize’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1. Norm. F. -_emprise_, ‘entreprise’ (Moisy). - -=enaunter,= lest by chance. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 200; May, 78; -Sept., 161. ‘Anaunters’ is a north-country word, in the sense of ‘lest, -in case that’ (EDD.). ME. _enantyr_; _an aunter_, in case that (P. -Plowman, C. iv. 437); also, _an aventure_ (id., B. iii. 279), see Dict. -M. and S. (s.v. Aventure); Anglo-F. _en_ + _aventure_, chance (Gower). - -=enbassement,= dread, terror, ‘abashment’. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -159. 25; _enbaysshement_, lf. 91. 31. Cp. ME. _enbasshinge_, -bewilderment (Chaucer, Boethius 4, p. 1. 43). - -=enbolned,= swollen, puffed up. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 207, l. 7 from -bottom. Cp. ME. _bolnyd_, swollen (Wyclif, 1 Cor. v. 2). - -=enchase,= to set (a jewel) in gold or other setting; used _fig._ -Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 23; to engrave figures on a surface, Shep. Kal., -August, 27; to shut in, enclose, M. Hubberd’s Tale, 626; Chapman, tr. -Iliad, xii. 56; xix. 346. - -=encheason,= occasion, reason. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 147. ME. -_encheson_, ‘occasio’ (Prompt. EETS. 312), Anglo-F. _enchesoun_, -occasion (Gower), Norm. F. _acheisun_, ‘raison, cause, motif’ (Moisy); -L. _occasio_. - -=endlong,= from end to end of, through the length of; ‘Endlong many -yeeres and ages’, Holland, Livy, 921; right along, straight on, Dryden, -Palamon, iii. 691. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. -_endelong_, through the length of (Chaucer, C. T. F. 992). - -=endosse,= to inscribe. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 53; Colin Clout, 634; -Palsgrave. Anglo-F. _endosser_, to endorse (Rough List); to write on the -back of a document, deriv. of F. _dos_, L. _dorsum_, back. - -=endue,= to endow; ‘God hath endued me with a good dowry’ (Vulg. -_Dotavit me Deus dote bona_), BIBLE, Gen. xxx. 20; spelt _endew_, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 51; ‘The King hath . . . endewed (the house) with -parkes orchardes’, Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5. See =indue.= - -=endurance,= also written =indurance,= patience; ‘Past the endurance of -a block’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 248; imprisonment, durance, ‘I should have -tane some paines to have heard you Without endurance further’, Hen. -VIII, v. 1. 122 (the phrase is taken from Foxe’s account of Cranmer’s -trial); ‘The indurance of their Generall’, Knolles, Hist. Turks, 1256 -(NED.). - -=endure,= to indurate, harden. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27. Norm. F. -_s’endurer_, to harden oneself (Moisy). - -=eneled,= anointed, as one who has received extreme unction. Morte -Arthur, leaf 429*, back, 25; bk. xxi, c. 12; Caxton, Golden Legend, 337, -see NED. (s.v. Anele). - -=enew= (t. t. in hawking), to drive a fowl into the water; ‘Let her enew -the fowl so long till she bring it to the plunge’, Markham, Countr. -Content. (ed. 1668, i. 5. 32); ‘Follies doth enew (misprinted _emmew_, -Ff.) As Falcon doth the Fowle’, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 91. Spelt _ineawe_, -to plunge into the water, Drayton, Pol. xx. 284. Anglo-F. _eneauer_, to -wet (Gower), Norm. F. _ewe_ (F. _eau_), water. See =inmew.= - -=enewed;= see =ennewe.= - -=enfeloned,= made fell or fierce. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 48. - -=enfired,= kindled, set on fire. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 169. - -=enform,= to mould, fashion. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 3. - -=enfouldred,= hurled out like thunder and lightning. Spenser, F. Q. i. -11. 40. OF. _fouldre_ (F. _foudre_), Romanic type _folgere_, L. -_fulgur_, a thunderbolt. - -=enfounder,= to drive in, to batter in. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, -back, 30; lf. 295, back, 25; to stumble, as a horse, to ‘founder’; ‘His -horse enfoundred under hym’, Berners, Arth., 87 (NED.). F. _enfondrer_ -(un harnois), to make a great dint in an armour; also, to plunge into -the bottom of a puddle or mire (Cotgr.). - -=enginous,= ingenious. Hero and Leander, iii. 312; Chapman, tr. of -Odyssey, i. 452. Cp. Scot, _engine_ (_ingine_), intellect, mental -capacity (EDD.). F. _engin_, understanding reach of wit (Cotgr.). L. -_ingenium_, natural capacity. See =ingine.= - -=engle;= see =ingle.= - -=englin,= the name of a Welsh metre. Drayton, Pol. iv. 181. W. _englyn_. -The Note has: _Englyns_ are couplets interchanged of sixteen and -fourteen feet. - -=engore,= to ‘gore’, wound deeply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 42. - -=engraile,= to give a serrated appearance to; ‘I (the river Wear) indent -the earth, and then I it engraile With many a turn’, Drayton, Pol. xxix. -380; _engrail’d_, variegated, ‘A caldron new engrail’d with twenty -hues’, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 761. - -=engrain,= to dye ‘in grain’, or of a fast colour. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Feb., 131. See Dict. (s.v. Grain). - -=engrave,= to bury. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 42; ii. 1. 60. - -=enhalse,= to greet, salute. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 58. See -=halse.= - -=ennewe,= to tint, shade; ‘With rose-colour ennewed’, Calisto and -Meliba, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 62; ‘The one shylde was enewed with -whyte’, Morte Arthur, leaf 55. back, 24; bk. iii, ch. 9 (end). Perhaps -fr. F. _nuer_, to shade, tint (Godefroy), see NED. - -=enow,= pl. form of ‘enough’; ‘Foes enow’, Milton, P. L. ii. 504; -‘Christians enow’, Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 24; ‘French quarrels enow’, Hen. -V, iv. 1. 222. ME. _ynowe_: ‘Wommen y-nowe’ (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, -233), OE. _genōge_, pl. of _genōg_, enough. - -=enpesshe,= to hinder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 238. 6; 329. 19. See -=empeach.= - -=enrace,= to introduce into a race of living beings. Spenser, F. Q. iii. -5. 52; vi. 10. 25; Hymn of Beauty, 114. - -=ens,= being, entity. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Asper). -Med. L. (in philosophy) _ens_, entity, a neuter pres. pt. formed fr. L. -_esse_, to be. - -=enseam,= to cleanse (a hawk) of superfluous fat; ‘_Ensemer_, to inseam, -unfatten’, Cotgrave; ‘Clene ensaymed’, Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 79. OF. -_esseimer_, ‘retirer le _saim_ (la graisse)’, see Moisy (s.v. Ensaimer), -deriv. of _saim_ fat, Med. L. _sagīmen_, ‘adeps’ (Ducange). - -=enseam,= to contain together, include. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 35; to -introduce to company, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Monsieur). See NED. -(s.v. Enseam, vb.^{4}). - -=enseamed,= marked with grease; ‘In the ranke sweat of an enseamed bed’, -Hamlet, iii. 4. 92. F. _enseimer_ (now _ensimer_), to grease (Hatzfeld). -[Schmidt connects this word with ‘enseam’, to cleanse a hawk; see -above.] - -=enseignement,= teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, -§ last. F. _enseignement_ (Cotgr.). - -=ensigns,= insignia, marks of honour. Bacon, Essay 29, § 12. - -=ensnarl,= to entangle. Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 9. A north Yorks. word -(EDD.). ME. _snarlyn_, ‘illaqueo’ (Prompt. EETS. 460). - -=entail, entayl,= to carve, cut into. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; ii. 6. -29; _entayle_, ornamental work cut on gold, id., ii. 7. 4. - -=enterdeal,= negotiation. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 21; Mother Hubberd’s -Tale, 785. - -=entermete,= to concern oneself, occupy oneself, meddle with. Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 154, back, 13. ME. _entremeten_, refl. to meddle with -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1026). Anglo-F. _s’entremettre_, to occupy -oneself (Gower). - -=enterprize,= to receive, entertain as a host. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 14; -In this sense peculiar to Spenser. - -=entertain,= to take into one’s service; Gent. Ver. ii. 4. 105; Richard -III, i. 2. 258; to keep in one’s service, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 2; to -give reception to, Com. Errors, iii. 1. 120; the reception of a guest, -Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 1085; F. Q. v. 9. 37; Pericles, i. 1. -119. - -=entertake,= to receive, entertain. Only in Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 35. - -=entire.= Used of friends _wholly_ devoted to one another; ‘My most -sincere and entire friend’, Coryat, Crudities, Ep. Ded.; ‘Your entire -loving brother’, Bacon, Essays, Ep. Ded. [cp. F. _ami entier_]. From the -notion of intimacy was developed the sense: inward, internal, ‘Their -hearts and parts entire’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 23 and 48; iii. 1. 47; -iii. 7. 16. - -=entradas,= receipts, revenues. Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (Severino). -Span. _entrada_, revenue. - -=entraile,= to twist, entwine, interlace. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; iii. -6. 44; Shep. Kal., Aug. 30; Prothalamion, 25; a coil, F. Q. i. 1. 16. -Cp. F. _traille_ (_treille_), lattice-work (Cotgr.). - -=entreat,= to treat, use. Richard II, iii. 1. 37; Fletcher, Rule a Wife, -iii. 4 (Perez); Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 7; ‘He entreated Abram well’, -BIBLE, Gen. xii. 16; ‘Despytfully entreated’, Tyndale, Luke xviii. 32. -OF. _entraiter_, to treat, use (Godefroy). - -=entreglancing,= interchange of glances. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 46. - -=entries,= places through which deer have recently passed. B. Jonson, -Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John). - -=entwite,= to rebuke, reproach, reprove, to ‘twit’. Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Augustus, § 1; Roister Doister, ii. 3 (song); p. 36. Altered -form of ME. _atwiten_, to reproach, twit, OE. _æt-witan_. - -=enure,= to put into operation, to ‘inure’, carry out, practise. -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 29; v. 9. 39. - -=envy,= to feel a grudge against; to begrudge; to treat grudgingly; to -have grudging feelings. Milton, P. L. iv. 317; King John, iii. 4. 73; -Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 551. The stress is often on the latter -syllable. - -=envy,= to injure, disgrace, calumniate. Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1 -(Juletta); Shirley, Traitor, iii. 3 (Duke). - -=envỳ,= to emulate, ‘vie’ with. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 17; iii. 1. 13. F. -_envier_ (au jeu), to vie (Cotgr.), L. _invitare_, to invite, challenge. - -=ephemerides,= properly, tables showing the positions of the heavenly -bodies (or some of them) for every day of a period, esp. at noon. But -used vaguely for an almanac or calendar that noted some of these things. -B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Surly); Bp. Hall, Sat. ii. 7. 6; Bacon, Adv. -of Learning, i. 1, § 3. Gk. ἐφημερίς, a diary. - -=Ephesian,= a boon companion. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 164. A cant term; used -like ‘Corinthian’ in 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13. - -=epiky,= reasonableness, equity; ‘Such an epiky and moderacion’, -Latimer, 5 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 143). Gk. ἐπιείκεια, -reasonableness; from ἐπιείκής, fitting, equitable. - -=epiphoneme,= an exclamatory sentence, used to sum up a discourse. -Puttenham, Art of Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 12 (ed. Arber, p. 125); -Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Mary), vol. vi, p. 123. Gk. ἐπιφώνημα. - -=epitasis,= the part of a play wherein the plot thickens. B. Jonson, Ev. -Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (end). Gk. ἐπίτασις. - -=epitrite,= in prosody, a foot consisting of three long syllables and a -short one. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Gk. ἐπίτριτος. - -=equal=(=l,= fair, equitable, just, impartial. BIBLE, 1539, Psalm xvii. -2; Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Bartolus); iv. 4. 15; _equally_, -justly, id., iv. 5 (Diego). - -=equipage,= equipment; retinue. Sh., Sonnet 32; Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Oct., 114. F. _equipage_, ‘equipage, good armour; store of necessaries; -_Equipage d’un navire_, her Marriners and Souldiers’ (Cotgr.). See NED. -(s.v. Equip). See =esquip.= - -=erased,= in heraldry; said of an animal’s head, with a jagged edge -below, as if torn violently from the body. Also used humorously of an -ear, Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 214. - -=eremite,= one dwelling in the desert; ‘This glorious eremite’, Milton, -P. R. i. 8 (used with allusion to the original meaning of the Greek -word). Eccles. Gk. ἐρημίτης, one who has retired into the desert from -religious motives, a hermit, deriv. of ἔρημος, wilderness (Matt. iii. -1). - -=erie, ery,= every. Tusser, Husbandry, § 18. 17; § 57. 11. Also several -times in Turbervile’s Poems. A contracted form, like _e’er_ for _ever_. - -=eringo, eryngo,= the candied root of the sea-holly, used as a -sweetmeat, and regarded as an aphrodisiac. Merry Wives, v. 5. 23. Ital. -_eringio_, sea-holly (Florio), L. _eryngion_, Gk. ἠρύγγιον, dimin. of -ἤρυγγος, sea-holly. - -=erne,= an eagle. Golding, Metam. vi. 517; fol. 74 (1603). A Scottish -literary word (EDD.). OE. _earn_ (Matt. xxiv. 28). - -=errant:= phr. _an errant knight_, a knight-errant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. -38; i. 10. 10. Anglo-F. _errer_, to travel, to march (Ch. Rol. 3340), O. -Prov. _edrar_ (_errar_), Med. L. _iterare_, ‘iter facere’ (Ducange). - -=errant,= ‘arrant’. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron); ‘Sir Kenelm -Digby was an errant mountebank’, Evelyn, Diary (Nov. 7, 1651). See NED. -(s.v. Errant, 7). - -=errour,= wandering, roving. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 7. - -=erst,= once upon a time, formerly. Hen. V, v. ii. 48; Ferrex and -Porrex, i. 2. 5; previously, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 18. ME. _erst_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 776), OE. _ǣrest_, superl. of _ǣr_, soon. - -=esbatement,= amusement. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 160. 15; Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § 10. Anglo-F. _esbatement_, diversion -(Gower). F. _esbatement_, ‘divertissement’ (Rabelais), OF. _esbatre_, -‘se divertir’ (Bartsch). - -=escape,= a wilful error; a great fault. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. -150); Othello, i. 3. 197. - -=escot,= to pay a reckoning for, to maintain; ‘How are they escoted’, -Hamlet, ii. 2. 362. OF. _escoter_, ‘payer l’écot’ (Didot), Anglo-F. -_escot_, payment, reckoning at a tavern (Gower); _escot_ (payment) -occurs in the Statutes of the Realm, i. 221 (13th cent.), see Rough -List. See Ducange (s.v. Scot, Scottum). _Escot_ (payment) is the same -word as ‘scot’ or ‘shot’, in prov. use for payment of a tavern reckoning -(EDD.). - -=escuage,= lit. shield-service; personal service in the field for 40 -days in the year; later, a money payment in lieu of it, also called -‘scutage’. Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, p. 148. Anglo-F. _escuage_, Med. -L. _scutagium_, deriv. of L. _scutum_, a shield (Ducange). - -=escudero,= a squire. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). Span. -_escudéro_, an esquire, a servant that waits on a lady (Stevens), deriv. -of _escúdo_, a shield, L. _scutum_. - -=esguard,= a tribunal existing among the Knights of St. John, to settle -differences between members of the order. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of -Malta, v. 2 (Valetta). OF. _esgard_, ‘tribunal des chevaliers de Malte’. -Med. L. _esgardium_: ‘De vassallo delinquente in Dominum, Dominus potest -de ce quod tenet ab ipso, ipsum per Exguardium dissaisire (Id est, -judicio parium suerum interveniente)’, quotation from Statutes -(Ducange). O. Prov. _esgart_, ‘regard, décision, jugement; condamnation -pécuniaire; égard, considération’; _esgardar_, ‘regarder, considérer; -décider, juger’ (Levy). - -=esloin, esloyne,= to remove to a distance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. F. -_esloigner_ (Cotgr.). - -=esmayed,= dismayed. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 308. 6; 329, back, 9. -Anglo-F. _s’esmaier_, to be dismayed (Gower). - -=esmayle,= enamel. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 242. F. -_esmail_ ‘enammel’ (Cotgr.). - -=espial,= the action of espying or spying. Bp. Hall, Contempl. O. T. -xix. 9 (NED.); a company of spies, Elyot, Governour, iii. 6. 236; -_espials_, spies, Bacon, Essay, 48; 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 6; Hamlet, iii. 1. -32. See NED. - -=esquip,= to equip. _Esquippe_, Baret, Alvearie; _esquipping_, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 577. F. _esquiper_ (_equiper_), to equip, -arm, store with necessary furniture (Cotgr.). See =equipage.= - -=essoyne,= excuse, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. ME. _essoyne_, excuse for -non-appearance in a law-court (Chaucer, C. T. I. 164). Anglo-F. -_essoigne_ (_essoyne_), excuse, a legal term (Rough List), see Ducange -(s.v. Sunnis). Med. L. _essoniare_, ‘excusationem proponere’ (Ducange), -of Teutonic origin, cp. Goth. _sunjôn_, ‘excusare’ (2 Cor. xii. 19). - -=estate,= rank, dignity; ‘He poisons him in the garden for his estate’, -Hamlet, iii. 2. 273; Macbeth, i. 4. 37; _estates_, men of rank, nobles, -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin). F. _estat_, office, dignity, -rank, degree which a man hath (Cotgr.). See Bible Word-Book. - -=estivation:= phr. _place of estivation_, a summer-house. Bacon, Essay -45, § 5. Deriv. of L. _aestivus_, pertaining to summer. - -=estres,= apartments, dwellings, quarters; the inner rooms in a house, -divisions in a garden, &c.; spelt _estures_ [printed by Caxton -_eftures_]. Morte Arthur, leaf 392, back, 3; bk. xix, ch. 8. ME. -_estres_ (Chaucer), Anglo-F. _estre_, habitation, dwelling (Gower); -_estres_, inward parts of a house (Rough List); OF. _estre_, ‘domuncula, -aedificium’, see Ducange (s.v. _Estra_). - -=estridge,= an ostrich, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 98; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 197; -spelt _estrich_, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 2 (Incubo); Lyly, -Euphues (ed. Arber, 124). ME. _estrich_ (Voc. 585, 22). O. Prov. -_estrutz_, ‘autruche’ (Levy). - -=eten, ettin,= a giant; ‘Giants and ettins’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of -the B. Pestle, i. 2 (_or_ 3) (Wife). ME. _ȝeten_ (Gen. and Ex. 545), OE. -_eoten_, a giant, cp. Icel. _jötunn_. - -=Etesian,= (properly) the epithet of certain winds, blowing from the NE. -for about forty days annually in summer; ‘Etesian winds’, Holland, tr. -of Pliny, bk. xvi, c. 25 (end); ‘Etesian gales’, Dryden, Albion, Act i -(Iris). L. _etesius_; Gk. ἐτήσιος, annual, from ἔτος, year. - -=ethe;= see =eath.= - -=eugh,= yew; ‘The Eugh, obedient to the bender’s will’, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 1. 9; Bacon, Essay 46. ME. _ew_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2923), OE. _īw_. - -=eure,= destiny, fate, luck. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 235, back, 8; -spelt _ure_, Skelton, Colin Clout, 1003; _to be ured_, to be invested -with, as by the decree of fate, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6; _ewre_, to -render happy, Palsgrave. Hence _eurous_, _ewrous_, lucky, Caxton, Hist. -Troye, leaf 227. 30; lf. 228. 19. ME. _ure_, fate, good luck (Barbour’s -Bruce). OF. _eür_, ‘sort, bonheur’ (Bartsch), O. Prov. _aür_, _agur_, -destiny, Romanic type _agurium_, L. _augurium_, augury, omen. See =ure, -male-uryd, misured.= - -=evelong,= oblong. Golding, Metam. viii. 551, fol. 101 (1603). ME. -_evelong_, ‘oblongus’ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, i. 405). Cp. Icel. -_aflangr_, oblong, Dan. _aflang_; L. _oblongus_. - -=event,= to cool, by exposing to the air; ‘To event the heat’, Mirror -for Mag., Clyfford, st. 8; to find vent, ‘Whence that scalding sigh -evented’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, v. 3 (Angelo). F. _esventer_, to -fan or winnow; _s’esventer_, to take vent or wind (Cotgr.). - -=ever among,= continually, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 12. - -=evertuate,= _reflex._, to endeavour. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. -xvi, p. 72; ‘I have evirtuated myself’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. ii, -let. 61 (end). Anglo-F. _s’esvertuer_, to exert oneself, endeavour -(Gower). - -=evesing,= the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘A dropping evesing’, -Schole-house of Women, 912; in Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iv. 140. ME. -_evesynge_ (P. Plowman, C. xx. 193), deriv. of _evese_, the edge of the -roof of a building, the ‘eaves’, OE. _efes_ (Ps. ci. 8). See =easing.= - -=evet,= an eft, a newt. Lyly, Euphues, p. 315. See EDD. for prov. forms. -OE. _efeta_. See =ewftes.= - -=evicke,= a wild goat. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 122 (rendering of αἲξ -ἄγριος). See NED. (s.v. Eveck). - -=ewftes,= efts. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23. See =evet.= - -=exacuate,= to sharpen, whet, provoke. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 3 -(Compass). - -=Exaltation of the Holy Cross,= the Feast observed on Sept. 14. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 37. 16. - -=exampless,= for _example-less_, without an example, unparalleled. B. -Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 4 (Silius). - -=Excalibur,= the name of King Arthur’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. -iii. 1 (Bobadil); ‘The try’d Excalibour’, Drayton, Pol. iv (Nares). - -=excheat,= ‘escheat’, profit, lit. that which is fallen to one. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 5. 25; iii. 8. 16. Anglo-F. _eschete_, _eschaëte_ (Rough List), -Med. L. _escaeta_, deriv. from Romanic type _escadére_ (F. _echoir_), -Med. L. _excadere_, ‘jure haereditario obvenire; in aliquem cadere, ei -obvenire’ (Ducange). - -=exercise,= an act of preaching, discourse; a discussion of a passage of -Scripture. Richard III, iii. 2. 112; iii. 7. 64; Middleton, Mayor of -Queenborough, v. 1 (Oliver). - -=exhale,= to hale forth, drag out. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 -(Crispinus); cp. Hen. V, ii. 1. 66. - -=exhibition,= allowance, fixed payment. King Lear, i. 2. 25; Othello, i. -3. 238; London Prodigal, i. 1. 10. Med. L. _exhibitio_, ‘praebitio’; -_exhibere_, ‘praebere alimenta et ad vitam necessaria’ (Ducange). See -Prompt. EETS. 161, and Rönsch, Vulgata, 312. Hence the term ‘exhibition’ -in the University of Oxford for annual payments made by a College to -deserving students. - -=exigent,= state of pressing need, emergency, decisive moment. Julius -Caesar, v. 1. 19; Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 63; extremity, end, 1 Hen. VI, -ii. 5. 9; phr. _to take an exigent_, to come to an end, A Merry Knack to -know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 546; _exigents_, straits, -Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5 (Warwick). - -=exigent,= an urgent command; _a writ of exigent_ was one commanding the -sheriff to summon the defendant to appear, and to deliver himself up on -pain of outlawry. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 370; iii. 1. 1036. Anglo-F. -_exigende_, L. _exigenda_, from _exigere_, to exact. See Cowell, -Interpreter (s.v.). - -=exoster,= a hanging-bridge, used by men besieging a city; ‘Exosters, -Sambukes, Catapults’, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 9. L. _exostra_, Gk. -ἐξώστρα, a bridge _thrust out_ from the besiegers’ tower against the -walls of the besieged place; deriv. of ὠθέειν, to thrust. - -=expend,= to weigh, examine, consider. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, -c. 9, § 1; c. 29, § 3. L. _expendere_, to weigh out. - -=expert,= to experience. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 186. - -=expire,= to breathe out. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; iv. 1. 54; to fulfil -a term, i. 7. 9; to fly forth from a cannon, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, -st. 188. - -=expiscate,= to ‘fish out’, i.e. to find out by inquiry. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, x. 181. L. _expiscari_, to fish out; deriv. of _piscis_, a fish. - -=explete,= to complete, to satisfy; ‘To explete the act’, Speed, Hist. -ix. 21, § 71; ‘Nothing under an Infinite can expleat the immortall minde -of man’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. 123. L. _explere_, to fill out. - -=exploit,= success; ‘His ambassadours hadde made no better exployte’, -Berners, tr. Froissart, ii. 91. 272. ME. _espleit_, success (Gower, C. -A. V. 3924), Anglo-F. _exploit_, _espleit_, _esplait_, speed, success -(Rough List). - -=exploit,= to accomplish, achieve; ‘I _exployt_, I applye or avaunce -myself to forther a busynesse’, Palsgrave; ‘They departed without -_exploytinge_ their message’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 26, § -8; ‘To exploit some warlike service’, Holland, tr. Ammianus (Nares). - -=express,= to press out, squeeze out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 42. - -=expulse,= to expel. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 5, § 5; Bacon, -Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, c. 17, § 9. L. _expulsare_, freq. of -_expellere_, to expel. - -=extend= (a legal t. t.), to seize upon lands, in execution of a writ. -Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach); to seize upon land, Ant. -and Cl. i. 2. 105. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.). - -=extent= (a legal t. t.); ‘A writ or commission to the Sheriff for the -valuing of lands or tenements; also, the Act of the Sheriff or other -Commissioner upon this writ’, Cowell, Interpreter; Butler, Hud. iii. 1. -1035; Massinger, City Madam, v. 2 (Luke); As You Like It, iii. 1. 17. - -=extinct,= to extinguish. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2 (end); -hence _extincted_, pp., Othello, ii. 1. 81. - -=extirp,= to extirpate. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 25. L. _extirpare_, -_exstirpare_, deriv. of _stirps_, the stem of a tree. - -=extort,= extorted. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 5; v. 10. 25. - -=extraught,= extracted. 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 142. Cp. _distraught_ for -_distract_, _distracted_. - -=extreate,= extraction, origin. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 1. ME. _estrete_, -extraction, origin (Gower, C. A. i. 1344), OF. _estraite_, birth, origin -(Assizes de Jer., ch. 134); see Bartsch (Glossary). - -=extree,= axle-tree. Golding, Metam. ii. 297; fol. 19, back (1603). In -prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ax, sb.^{1}), ME. _ex-tre_ (Prompt. EETS. -145). - -=eyas,= a young hawk taken from the nest for the purpose of training; -_eyas hauke_, a young untrained hawk, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 34; -_eyas-musket_ (used jocularly of a sprightly child), Merry Wives, iii. -3. 22; ‘An aerie of children little eyases’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 355. F. -_niais_ (Fauconnerie), ‘qui n’a pas encore quitté le nid’ (Hatzfeld), L. -_nidacem_, deriv. of _nidus_, a nest, cp. Ital. _nidiace_, ‘taken out of -the nest, a simpleton’ (Florio). See =niaise.= - -=eye,= a brood; esp. of pheasants; ‘An Eye of Pheasaunts’, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., April, 118 (E. K. Gloss.); ‘An Eye of tame pheasants Or -partridges’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Worlidge, Dict. -Rust. 252; Coles, Lat. Dict. (1677). In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Eye, sb.^{2}); also in the form _nye_ (_nie_, -_ni_), see EDD. OF. _ni_, ‘nid’ (La Curne). - -=eyre,= to ‘ear’, to plough. Drayton, Robert Duke of Normandy, st. 5. -See =earth.= - -=eysel;= see =eisel.= - - - - - F - - -=faces about,= the same as ‘right-about face’, i.e. turn round the other -way. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1. 14; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of -the B. Pestle, v. 2 (Ralph); Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Y. Loveless). - -=fackins.= The forms here given are distortions of _fay_ (faith), -frequent in trivial quasi-oaths. _By my fackins_, B. Jonson, Every Man, -i. 3; _By my feckins_, Heywood, 1 Edw. I, iii. 1; _By my facks_, -Middleton, Quiet Life, ii. 2; _By my feck_, Webster, Cure for Cuckold, -iv. 3. Cp. _I’ faikins_, in truth, verily, used in Scotland, Lakeland, -and Lancashire (EDD.). See =fay= (1). - -=fact,= evil deed, crime. Meas. for M. iv. 2. 141; v. 439; Wint. Tale, -iii. 2. 86; Macb. iii. 6. 10; _in the fact_, in the act, 2 Hen. VI, ii. -1. 173. - -=fadge,= to fit, suit, agree; ‘Let men avoid what fadgeth not with their -stomachs’, Robertson, Phras. 708; ‘How ill his shape with inward forme -doth fadge’, Marston, Scourge of Villanie, i. 1. 172; to succeed, to -turn out well, ‘How will this fadge?’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 2. 34; to get on -well, to thrive, ‘Let him that cannot fadge in one course fall to -another’, Cotgrave (s.v. Mouldre). In prov. use in various parts of -England, meaning to fit, suit; to make things fit; to succeed, thrive, -see EDD. (s.v. Fadge, vb.^{3}). - -=fading,= the name of a dance; ‘Fading is a fine jig’, Beaumont and Fl., -Knight B. Pestle, iv. 5 (end). ‘With a fading’ was the refrain of a -popular song of an indecent character, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195. - -=fagary,= a vagary, freak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Goshawk); -Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy). See =fegary.= - -=fagioli,= French beans. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). -Ital. _fagioli_, ‘french peason, kidney beanes’ (Florio), Late L. -_phaseolus_ (Pliny), earlier L. _phaselus_ (Virgil), Gk. φάσηλος, a -kidney-bean. - -=fail, fayl,= to deceive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; iii. 11. 46. F. -_faillir_, to deceive (Cotgr.). - -=fain,= to rejoice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 36. Hence _fayning_, gladsome, -wistful, Hymn of Love, 216. OE. _fægnian_, to rejoice. - -=fair,= fairness, beauty. Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 81 (Rasni); -Death of E. of Huntingdon, ii. 1 (Salisbury); iii. 4 (Leicester); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 255, 282. - -=fairy money,= money given by fairies, which turned to dry leaves if -talked about; ‘Such borrowed wealth, like Fairy-money . . . will be but -Leaves and Dust when it comes to use’, Locke, Human Und. I, iv. (NED.); -Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 1 (Montague). See Davies. - -=faitour,= an impostor, cheat, a lying vagabond. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -May, 39; _faytor_, F. Q. i. 12. 35; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 173. See Notes to -Piers Plowman, p. 166. The word means a sham, a maker-up of a character. -OF. _faitour_, _faiteör_, Romanic type _factitorem_. - -=fa la,= a snatch of song; ‘The fiddle, and the _fa las_’, Fletcher, -Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). From the notes in the upper part of the -gamut—_fa_-sol-_la_-si. Hence, _fa la la_, as a refrain of a song. - -=fall,= the blast blown on a horn at the death of the deer. Gascoigne, -Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 315. See =mort.= - -=fall,= a collar falling flat round the neck. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Surly); _falls_, pl., Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1 (2 Fellow). - -=fall,= autumn; ‘The hole yere is deuided into iiii. partes, -spring-time, somer, faule of the leafe, and winter’, Ascham, Toxophilus, -p. 48; Dryden, tr. Juvenal, Sat. x. In prov. use in various parts of -England, very common in America (EDD.). - -=fall,= to let fall, Temp. ii. 1. 296; Richard III, v. 3. 135; to -happen, Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 188. - -=falling bands;= see =band.= - -=false:= phr. _to false a blow_, to make a feint, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. -46; ii. 5. 9. Cp. Cymbeline, ii. 3. 74. - -=falser,= a deceiver. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec.; Epilogue, 6. - -=falx,= a term in wrestling; a grip round the small of the back. -Drayton, Pol. i. 244; Carew, Cornwall, 76. F. _faux du corps_ (Sherwood, -s.v. Wast). See NED. (s.v. Faulx). - -=famble,= hand. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); Harman, -Caveat, p. 87. Icel. _fálma_, the hand; cp. Swed. _famle_, to grope; -cognate with OE. _folm_, a hand. - -=famble,= a ring. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond -Senior). So called because worn on the hand. See above. - -=famelic,= exciting hunger, appetizing. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 -(Busy). L. _famelicus_, hungry; from _fames_, hunger. - -=Familist,= one of the sect called the Family of Love. Middleton, -Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby). See Dyce’s introduction to -the Family of Love, by the same dramatist. - -=fang,= to take, seize, seize upon. Timon, iv. 3. 23; spelt _vang_ -(Southern), London Prodigal, iii. 3. 5; _fanged_, pp., Northward Ho, i. -2. 6. OE. _fōn_, to take; pp. _gefangen_. - -=fanterie,= infantry; ‘Cavallery [cavalry] and Fanterie’, Holland, tr. -of Pliny, bk. vi, c. 20; vol. i, p. 128 g; _Fanteries_, foot-soldiers, -Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 152. OF. _fanterie_ (Roquefort); Ital. -‘_fantería_, infantry; _fante_, a boy, a foot soldier’ (Florio); short -for _infante_, an infant. Cp. ME. _faunt_, child (P. Plowman, B. xvi. -101), whence surname ‘Fauntleroy’. - -=fap,= drunk. Merry Wives, i. 1. 183. - -=farandine,= a kind of cloth, made partly of silk and partly of wool. -Spelt _farrendon_, Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 1 (Lucy); -_ferrandine_, a gown of this material, id. v. 2 (Mrs. Joyner). Said to -be from F. _Ferrand_, the name of the inventor (_c._ 1630). See NED. - -=farce,= to stuff, fill out; ‘Farce thy lean ribs’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man -out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); ‘The farced title’ (i.e. stuffed, tumid), -Hen. V, iv. 1. 280; ‘Wit larded with malice, and malice farced with -wit’, Tr. and Cr. v. 1. 64. See Dict. (s.v. Farce). - -=farcion, farcyon,= the farcy, a disease in horses, akin to glanders. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 93. F. _farcin_; see Hatzfeld. See =fashions.= - -=fardle,= to furl a sail. Golding, Metam. xi. 483; fol. 138 (1603). F. -_fardeler_, to truss or pack up (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v. Fardel). - -=fare,= course; track of a hare. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 16; Fletcher, -Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 2. 18. OE. _fær_, course; from _faran_, to go. - -=far-fet,= fetched from afar. Milton, P. R. ii. 401. Things ‘far-fet’ -were proverbially said to be good (or fit) for ladies; ‘Farre fet and -deere bought is good for Ladyes’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 93). See The -Malcontent, v. 2 (Mendoza); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, 1 Prologue; Cynthia’s -Revels, iv. 1 (Argurion). - -=farlies,= strange things, wonders. Drayton, Pol. x. 170. ‘Ferlies’ (or -‘fairlies’) is in common use in Scotland for ‘sights, show things to be -seen, lions’, see EDD. (sv. Ferly, 4). ME. _ferly_, strange, wonderful; -also, a wonder (Barbour’s Bruce), OE. _fǣrlic_, sudden, unexpected. - -=fashions,= or =fashion,= the ‘farcy’, a disease of the skin in horses, -Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 53; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Andelocia). See -=farcion.= - -=fast and loose,= a cheating game with a leather strap, which is made up -in intricate folds and laid edgewise on a table; the novice thrusts a -skewer into it, thinking to hold it fast thereby, but the trickster -takes hold of both ends and draws it away. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. -1 (Theodore); City Nightcap, iv. 1 (Dorothea). - -=faste,= faced, having faces; ‘Some faste Like loathly toades’, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 11. 12. - -=fastidious,= distasteful, displeasing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 9, § 1; disdainful, B. Jonson, New Inn, Ode (at the end), l. 7. - -=fatch,= a ‘vetch’; ‘A fatch for Love!’, Turbervile, The Penitent Lover, -last stanza; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 1 (note on the word -_Cicero_). See EDD. (s.v. Fatch). - -=fault,= a misfortune. Pericles, iv. 2. 79; Massinger, Bondman, v. 1 -(Leosthenes). - -=faun,= for =fawn,= an act of fawning upon; a cringing. Phineas -Fletcher, An Apology for the Premises, st. 4; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. -4 (Tucca). - -=fausen,= a kind of eel (?). Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 190. In Kent -_fazen-eel_ is in use for a large brown eel; see EDD. (s.v. Fazen). - -=fautie,= ‘faulty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 99. 2. The ordinary -pronunciation in Scotland, and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Faulty). F. _fautif_. - -=fautor,= an adherent, partisan; spelt _faultor_, Mirror for Mag., -Worcester, xx; a protector, patron, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 441; xi. -325. F. _fauteur_, ‘a fauter, favourer, protector’ (Cotgr.); L. -_fautor_, a favourer, patron. - -=fautress,= a patroness. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 670. - -=Favell,= a personification of flattery; ‘The fyrste was Favell, full of -flatery, Wyth fables false that well coude fayne a tale’, Skelton, Bowge -of Courte, 134; ‘Favell hath a goodly grace In eloquence’, Wyatt, The -Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 216). ME. _Fauel_: ‘Bothe Fals and Fauel and -fykeltonge Lyere’ (P. Plowman, C. iii. 6); see Notes, pp. 42, 43. -Hoccleve, in his De Regimine Principum (ed. Wright, pp. 106, 111), fully -describes _favelle_ or flattery, and says, ‘In wrong praising is all his -craft and arte’. See =curry-favell.= - -=fawting,= favourable. Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 21 (ed. 1575). See -=fautor.= - -=fay,= faith. Spenser, F. Q. v. S. 19; phr. _by my fay_, by my faith, -Romeo, i. 5. 128. ME. _fey_, faith (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1126); Anglo-F. -_fei_ (F. _foi_). See =fackins.= - -=fay,= to clear away filth, to clean out a ditch or pond. Burton, Anat. -Mel. i. 2. 4: Holland, tr. Livy, xxi. 37 (ed. 1609, 414); spelt _fie_, -Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 21. In common prov. use in the north country -and in E. Anglia: in the former ‘fey’ is the usual form, in the latter -‘fie’, see EDD. (s.v. Fay, vb.^{1}). Icel. _fǣgja_, to cleanse, polish. - -=fayles,= a variety of backgammon, played with three dice. B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. iii. 8. 104. Described in Gifford’s note; so called -because a particular throw caused the adversary _to fail_. See NED. -(where there is cited from Ludus Anglicorum (_c._ A.D. 1330) ‘Est et -alius ludus qui vocatur Faylys’). See Nares. - -=feague,= to settle one’s business, to take one in hand, to dispose of. -Etherege, She Would if she Could, iii. 3 (Sir Oliver); also (Sir -Joslin’s Song); iv. 2 (Sir Oliver). Spelt _fegue_, Wycherley, Love in a -Wood, i. 1 (end). Cp. G. _fegen_, to sweep, to clean, to furbish; also, -to chastise, rebuke; Du. _vegen_. See NED. - -=feague,= to whip. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). Probably -the same word as above. See EDD. (s.v. Feag). - -=feak,= a dangling curl of hair. Marston, Sat. i. 38. See NED. - -=feants,= for _fiants_ or _fyaunts_; see =fiants.= Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 37; p. 98. - -=fear,= an object of terror. Hamlet, iii. 3. 25; Milton, P. L. ix. 285; -to terrify, Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 221; 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 2. ‘To fear’ is used -in this sense in Scotland and in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=feat,= made, fashioned. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 2 (Sir N. -Treadle); clever, dexterous, Cymb. v. 5. 88; graceful, ‘She speaks feat -English’, Fletcher, Night-walker, iii. 6; neat, becoming, Temp. ii. 1. -273; to make a person elegant, Cymb. i. 1. 49. ‘Feat’ is in gen. prov. -use in the sense of suitable, also, dexterous, adroit, smart (EDD.). F. -_fait_, made; _fait pour_, made for, suitable for. - -=featuously,= elegantly, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv, Ballad of -Dowsabel, 24; _feateously_, dexterously, nimbly, Spenser, Prothal. 27. -ME. _fetysly_, exquisitely; _fetys_, well-made, handsome, graceful -(Chaucer). OF. _fetis_, _feitis_; L. _facticius_. - -=feature,= fashion, make, form. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44; ‘The grim -Feature’ (used of Satan), Milton, P. L. x. 279. - -=feaze;= see =feeze.= - -=feeze.= The threat ‘I’ll feeze you’ seems to have given rise to the -sense. To ‘do for’, ‘settle the business of’, also, to beat, flog. -Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Ricardo); _veeze_, Massinger, Emperor -East, iv. 2 (Countryman); _pheese_, Tam. Shrew, Induct, i. 1. ‘To fease’ -is in prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England—Midlands, -E. Anglia, and South Coast, in the sense of to drive away, to put to -flight (EDD.). OE. _fēsan_, to drive away; cp. Norw. dialect _föysa_ -(Aasen). - -=fegary, figary,= ‘vagary’, freak, whimsical trick. Spelt _figuary_, -Beaumont and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2 (Clown); _fegary_, -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Diego). See =fagary.= - -=fegue;= see =feague.= - -=felfare,= a field-fare. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (L. -Beaufort). So in Nottingham and Warwick (EDD.). - -=fell,= a marsh, a fen. Drayton, Pol. iii. 113; see NED. (s.v. Fell, -sb.^{2} 2 b). - -=fell,= gall, rancour. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 2. L. _fel_, gall. - -=fell’ff,= the ‘felloe’ of a wheel, part of the wheel-rim. Chapman, tr. -Iliad, iv. 525. A Yorks. pron. of ‘felloe’ (EDD.). OE. _felg_. - -=fellowly,= companionable, sympathetic. Temp. v. 1. 64; _fellowlie_, -Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 55. - -=felly,= cruelly, fiercely. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 50. - -=felness,= fierceness, spite, anger. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 37. - -=feltred,= with wool matted close together; ‘Feltred ram’, Chapman, tr. -Iliad, iii. 219; ‘His felter’d locks’, Fairfax, Tasso, iv. 7. See EDD. -(s.v. Felter). - -=feme, feeme,= a woman; ‘Take time therefore, thou foolish Feeme’, -Turbervile, On the divers Passions of his Love, st. 3 from end. OF. -_feme_ (F. _femme_). - -=feminitee,= womanhood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 51. - -=fennel,= supposed to be an emblem of flattery; ‘How this smells of -fennel’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Count F.). See Nares. - -=fenny,= spoiled with damp, mouldy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 44; -‘_Fenny_, mouldy as fenny cheese’, Worlidge, Ray’s English Words, 1691. -In prov. use (EDD.). OE. _fynig_. See =finewed.= - -=fensive,= ‘defensive’, capable of defence. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -ii. 301; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 4 (st. 4 from end). - -=fere, feere,= a companion, mate, spouse. Titus Andron. iv. 1. 89. Often -spelt _pheer_, _pheere_, as in Spenser, Muse of Thestylis, 100. ME. -_fere_ (Chaucer). OE. _ge-fēra_, a companion. - -=ferk;= See =firk= (2). - -=ferle,= a ‘ferule’; a rod, sceptre; ‘The one of knight-hoode bare the -ferle’, Mirror for Mag., Mortimer, st. 9. - -=ferme,= a lodging; ‘His sinfull sowle with desperate disdaine Out of -her fleshly ferme fled to the place of paine’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. -23. - -=ferrandine;= see =farandine.= - -=ferrary,= farriery, the art of working in iron. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xiv. 141. - -=ferrour,= ‘farrier’. Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). OF. _ferrier_ -(Godefroy). - -=ferse,= the piece now known as the ‘queen’ in chess. Surrey, To the -Lady that scorned, 12, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 21; ‘_Fers_, The Queen at -Chess-play’, Bullokar. ME. _fers_ (Chaucer, Book Duch., 654). OF. -_fierce_, also, _fierge_ (Roman Rose), Med. L. _fercia_ (Ducange). Of -Persian origin, _ferzên_, prop. ‘wise man’, ‘counsellor’, cp. Arab, -_firzân_, queen in chess. - -=ferula,= a flat wooden bat, used by schoolmasters for inflicting pats -on the palm of a boy’s hand. North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 41 (in -Shak. Plut., p. 96, n. 1); Englished as _ferule_, Hall, Satires, iv. 1. -169. L. _ferula_. - -=fescue,= a little stick or pin, for pointing out the letters to -children learning to read. Hall, Satires, iv. 2. 100; Dryden, Prologue -to Cleomenes, 38. Hence, the gnomon of a dial; Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 84. -OF. _festu_ (F. _fétu_), a straw, O. Prov. _festuc_, for L. _festūca_, a -straw (cp. O. Prov. _festuga_). - -=festinately,= hastily. L. L. L. iii. 1. 6. Deriv. of L. _festinus_, -hasty. - -=fet,= _pt. t._ and _pp._ fetched; ‘David sent, and fet her to his -house’, BIBLE, 2 Sam. xi. 27, Acts xxviii. 13 (ed. 1611); ‘This -conclusion is far fet’, Jewel (Wks., ed. Parker Soc. i. 146); ‘Deep-fet -groans’, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 33; B. Jonson, Silent Woman, Prol. ‘To fet’ -is in gen. prov. use for ‘fetch’ in Lancashire and Midland counties -(EDD.) ME. _fette_, pt. s. of _fecchen_, and _fet_ pp. (Chaucer). OE. -_fette_, pt. s., and _fetod_, pp. of _fetian_, to fetch (B. T.). - -=fetch,= a trick, stratagem. Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 2; Hamlet, ii. 1. -38; King Lear, ii. 4. 90. In gen. prov. use in various parts of England, -see EDD. (s.v. Fetch, sb.^{2} 14). - -=fetch in,= to seize upon, apprehend. Ant. and Cl. iv. 1. 14, Massinger, -Roman Actor, iv. 1 (Parthenius). - -=fetuous,= well-formed, well-made. Herrick, The Temple, 68; _featous_ -(NED.). See =featuously.= - -=feutred,= featured, fashioned. J. Heywood, The Four Plays, Anc. Brit. -Drama, i. 19, col. 1; Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 376. The strange spelling -_feautered_ also occurs (NED.). - -†=fewmand.= Only in B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Earnie): ‘They [a young -badger and a ferret] fewmand all the claithes’. ‘Fewmand’ belongs to the -imaginary dialect of the piece; it apparently means ‘to foul’, ‘to -soil’. - -=fewmets,= the excrement of a deer. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 2 (John); -Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306; ‘_Fumées_, the dung or -excrements of Deer, called by woodmen, fewmets, or fewmishing’, -Cotgrave. Cp. F. _fumier_, dung, manure, cogn. w. L. _fimus_, dung, -excrement. See NED. (s.v. Fumet). - -=fewterer,= a term of the chase, one who looks after the dogs in the -kennel, and lets them loose at the proper time. Beaumont and Fl., Tamer -Tamed, ii. 2; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 2. See =yeoman-fewterer.= ME. -_vewter_, a keeper of greyhounds (Bk. Curtasye 631, in Babee’s Bk., ed. -1868, p. 320). Anglo-F. _veutrier_, Med. L. _veltrarius_ (Ducange), -deriv. of Romanic type _veltrus_, a greyhound. Cp. O. Prov. _veltre_, -It. _veltro_, for older L. _vertragus_, a greyhound, a Gaulish word. - -=feyster,= to fester, as a wound. Morte Arthur, leaf 394, back, 31; bk. -xix, c. 10. - -=fiant, fiaunt,= a warrant. Spenser, Mother Hub. 1144. L. _fiant_, in -phr. _fiant literae patentes_, let letters patent be made out; used of a -warrant addressed to the Irish Chancery for a grant under the Great Seal -(NED.). - -=fiants,= the excrements of certain animals, esp. of the fox or badger, -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 76, p. 216; _fyaunts_, id., c. 66, p. 184. F. -_fiente_, the excrement of certain animals (Cotgr.). - -=fico,= a fig. Gascoigne, Herbes (Wks., ed. 1587, 153); as a type of -anything valueless or contemptible, ‘A fico for the phrase’, Merry -Wives, i. 3. 33. Ital. _fico_. See Stanford. - -=fidge,= to keep in continual movement. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 -(Cokes); Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4 (Hodge); ‘_Remuer_, to move, stir, -fidge’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of -England (EDD.). - -=fie;= see =fay= (to clean). - -=fig of Spain,= a contemptuous gesture, consisting in thrusting the -thumb between two of the closed fingers. Hen. V, iii. 6. 62; phr. _to -give the fig_, to insult thus, 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 123. See Nares. - -=figent,= fidgeting restless. Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer, -iii. 2 (Vertaigne); Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan); Chapman and others, Eastward -Ho, iii. 2 (Quicksilver). Deriv. of =fidge.= See Nares. - -=fig-frail,= a basket for holding figs. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, -iv. 5 (Bungler). See =frail.= - -=figging-law,= the art of cutting purses and picking pockets. Dekker, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See NED. - -=figgum,= (perhaps) a juggler’s trick. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 5 -(Sir P. E.). - -=fights,= screens of cloth used during a naval engagement, to conceal -and protect a crew. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 142; ‘Bear my fights out -bravely’, Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Dryden, Amboyne, iii. -3 (Song); Heywood, Fair Maid of West, iv (Wks., ed. 1874, ii. 316); -Phillips, Dict. 1706. - -=figo,= a fig. Hen. V, iii. 6. 60; iv. 1. 60. Span. _figo_; L. _ficus_. -See =fico.= - -=filch,= a hooked staff, used by thieves. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 -(Higgen); also called a _filchman_, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 4. - -=file,= the thread, course, or tenor of a story or argument. Spenser, F. -Q. vii. 6. 37. F. _fil_, a thread, L. _filum_. - -=file,= to render foul, filthy, or dirty; ‘To file my hands in villain’s -blood’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, iii (Scarborow); Macbeth, -iii. 1. 65. In prov. use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). -OE. _fȳlan_ (in compounds), deriv. of _fūl_, foul. - -=filed,= polished with the ‘file’; neatly sculptured; also _fig._ of -literary work. Tale of Pygmalion, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 131; -‘True-filed lines’, B. Jonson, Pref. Verses to Shakespeare (1623), 68. - -=fill;= _fills_, pl., the ‘thills’ or shafts of a cart. Tr. and Cr. iii. -2. 48; hence _fill-horse_, a shaft-horse, Herrick, The Hock-cart, 21; -spelt _phil-horse_, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 100. ‘Fill’ and ‘fill-horse’ are -both in prov. use (EDD.). See =thiller.= - -=filograin,= ‘filigree’. Butler, On P. Nye’s Thanksgiving Beard, l. 13 -from end. Ital. _filigrana_ (Fanfani). See Dict. (s.v. Filigree). - -=fincture,= a feint, in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. -54. Ital. _finctura_, _fintura_ (NED.); deriv. of L. _fingere_, to -feign. - -=fine,= end. Much Ado, i. 1. 247; Hamlet, v. 1. 113. - -=fineness,= ingenuity. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 209; Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1 -(Master). - -=finewed,= musty, mouldy. Mirr. for Mag., Lord Hastings, st. 28; spelt -_fenowed_, ‘The Scripture . . . is a Panary of holesome foode against -fenowed traditions’, BIBLE, 1611, The Translators to the Reader; -_vinewed_, Baret, Alvearie (s.vv. Mouldie _and_ Hoarie); Tr. and Cr. ii. -1. 15 (in the Folios _whinid_). ‘Vinnewed’ (or ‘Vinnied’), mouldy, is in -common prov. use in the south-west of England, see EDD. (s.v. Vinny). -See =fenny.= - -=fingle-fangle,= a trifle. Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 454. - -=fire-drake,= a fiery dragon; hence, a meteor. Hen. VIII, v. 4. 45; -Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (_or_ 5), near the end. -OE. _fȳr-draca_; _fȳr_, fire, and _draca_, L. _draco_, Gk. δράκων, a -dragon; cp. E. _dragon_. - -=fireship,= a prostitute. (Cant.) Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir -Simon). [Smollett, Roderick Random, 1. xxiii.] - -=firk,= to beat, trounce. Hen. V, iv. 4. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Firk, 4). - -=firk,= to cheat, rob. Dekker, Honest Wh. (NED.); spelt _ferk_, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Firk, 2, c). - -=firk,= to move about briskly, to frisk, gallop. Shirley, Hyde Park, iv. -3 (Song). See NED. (s.v. Firk, 3 b). - -=firk,= a frisk; (humorously), a dance. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 2 -(Lacy). - -=firk up,= to trim up. Shirley, Constant Maid, ii. 1 (Playfair). - -=fisgig,= a light, worthless female, fond of gadding about. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 77. 8; ‘_Trotiere_, a fisgig, fisking huswife, gadding -flirt’, Cotgrave. See NED. (s.v. Fizgig). - -=fisk,= to scamper about, frisk, move briskly; ‘Then he fyskes abrode’, -Latimer, Fourth Sermon (ed. Arber, p. 104); ‘Tome Tannkard’s Cow . . . -fysking with her taile’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2; _fysking_, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 45. 2; ‘Fisking about the house’, Otway, -Venice Preserved, ii. 1 (Pierre). A Shropshire word (EDD.). - -=fist,= a contemptuous expression; ‘Fist o’ your kindness!’, Eastward -Ho, iv. 1 [_or_ 2] (Gertrude). Also spelt _fiste_, _fyste_, _foist_; the -orig. sense is a breaking wind, a disagreeable smell. See NED. (s.v. -Fist, sb.^{2}). - -=fisting-hound,= a spaniel; a contemptuous term. Fleming, tr. of Caius’ -Dogs; in Arber, Eng. Garner, iii. 287. See above. - -=fitches,= ‘vetches’. BIBLE, Isaiah xxviii. 25; _fytches_, Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 20. 40, § 70. 8. ‘_Vesce_, . . . fitch or vitch’, Cotgrave. -‘Fitches’ in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England (EDD.). - -=fitchock, fichok,= a polecat. Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); -Scornful Lady, v. 1 (end). ‘Fitch’ is a common prov. word for the -polecat; see EDD. (s.v. Fitch, also, Fitchock). - -=fitten, fitton,= an untruth, an invention. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -i. 1 (Amorphus); Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 54. ‘Fitten’ is in -prov. use for ‘an idle fancy’, ‘a pretence’, in Hants., Wilts., and -Somerset (EDD.). ME. _fyton_ or lesynge, ‘mendacium’ (Prompt. EETS., see -note no. 729). - -=fitters,= fragments, rags, pieces. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, iii. 3. 4; Pilgrim, i. 1. 22. In prov. use in the north (EDD.). - -=five-and-fifty,= the highest number to stand on, at the game of -primero. But it could be beaten by a flush, i.e. when the cards were all -of one colour. ‘As big as _five-and-fifty and flush_’; as confident as -one who held five-and-fifty in number, and also held a flush; so that he -could not be beaten; B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). - -=five eggs:= in phr. _to come in with one’s five eggs_, to break in or -interrupt fussily with an idle story; ‘Persones coming in with their -five egges, how that Sylla had geuen ouer his office’, Udall, tr. of -Erasmus’s Apoph., p. 272; ‘Another commeth in with his fiue egges’, -Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 56). The orig. phrase had -reference to the offering of _five eggs for a penny_, which was a -trivial offer, and not very advantageous to the purchaser in the -sixteenth century; See =eggs= (2). - -=fiveleaf,= cinquefoil, _Potentilla reptans_. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 229; -‘Of Cinquefoyle, or Five-finger grasse’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. -56. - -=fives,= a disease of horses. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54; ‘Vyves, a disease -that an horse hath, _avives_’, Palsgrave; so Cotgrave; ‘_Adivas_, the -disease in Horses and other Beasts call’d the Vives’, Stevens, Span. -Dict., 1706. Of Arabic origin, _ad-dhîba_, ‘morbi species qua affici -solet guttur jumenti’ (Freytag); see Dozy, Glossaire, p. 45. - -=fixation,= in alchemy; the process that rendered the elixir fixed. B. -Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). - -=flacket,= a flask, bottle, or vessel; ‘A flacket of wyne’, Great Bible -(1539), 1 Sam. xvi. 20; ‘A flacket, _Uter formam habens doliarem_’, -Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov. use in Yorkshire for a small cask-shaped -vessel for holding beer (EDD.). ME. _flaket_, ‘obba, uter’ (Cath. -Angl.); _flakette_, ‘flasca’ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. _flaket_ (Gower). - -=flag,= used as a sign or signal; ‘A flag and sign of love’, Othello, i. -1. 157; ‘His flag hangs out’ (i.e. as an advertisement), Middleton, The -Widow, iv. 1 (Valeria); ‘’Tis Lent, the flag’s down’ (i.e. there is no -flag flying above the theatre, because it is Lent, and the performances -are suspended), Middleton, A Mad World, i. 1 (Follywit). - -=flaighted, fleighted,= terrified. Golding, Metam. iv. 597; fol. 52 -(1603); id., xi. 677. See NED. (s.v. Flaite, also, Flight). ‘To flight’ -means properly ‘to put to flight’, hence, ‘to frighten’, ‘to scare’. Cp. -EDD. (s.v. Flaite). - -=flanker,= a fortification protecting men against a ‘flank’ or side -attack; ‘Flankers . . . cannon-proof’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 -(Rossaline). - -†=flantado,= flaunting display. Only occurs in Stanyhurst (tr. Aeneid, -i. 44). - -=flapdragon,= a combustible put in liquor, to be swallowed flaming; e.g. -a raisin set on fire. L. L. L. v. 1. 45; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 -(Clause). Hence, as vb., to swallow quickly, Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 100. - -=flapjack,= a pancake; also, an apple turnover. Pericles, ii. 1. 87; -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Vincent); see Nares. In prov. use in E. -Anglia, Sussex, and Somerset (EDD.). - -=flappet,= a little flap; ‘A flappet of wood’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight -of the B. Pestle, i. 2 (_or_ 3), Ralph. The sense of _flap_ is here -uncertain; perhaps a fly-flapper, to keep off flies. - -=flash,= a pool, a marshy place. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 60; Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 70. In common prov. use in the north country, also in -Lincoln and Shropshire; occurring frequently in place-names, see EDD. -(s.v. Flash, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _flasch_, ‘lacuna’ (Prompt.), OF. _flache_, -‘locus aquis stagnantibus oppletus’ (Didot), Med. L. _flachia_ -(Ducange). - -=flask,= to flap; also, to cause to flutter; ‘To flask his wings’, -Golding, Metam. vi. 703 (fol. 77); ‘The weather flaskt . . . her -garments’, id., ii. last line. - -=flasky,= (perhaps) belonging to a ‘flask’ or ‘flash’, a muddy pool; -‘The flasky fiends of Limbo lake’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 149. See NED. - -=flat-cap,= a London citizen; esp. a London apprentice; ‘Flat-caps thou -call’st us. We scorne not the name’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV, sc. 1 (NED.); -Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 1 (Song, st. 4). See Nares. - -=flatchet,= a sword. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 92; _flachet_, iii. -241. 529. Cp. MHG. _flatsche_, _flasche_, a sword with a broad blade -(Weigand). - -=flatted,= laid flat, levelled, made smooth. Dryden, Ceyx and Alcyone, -131; tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x, 158. See EDD. (s.v. Flat, v. 21). - -=flaunt-a-flaunt,= flauntingly displayed. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. - -=flaw,= a gust of wind. Arden of Fev. iv. 4. 44; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 354; -Hamlet, v. 1. 239. Metaphorically, a quarrel; Webster, White Devil -(Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. In prov. use in Scotland, also, in Devon and -Cornwall (EDD.). Norw. dial, _flaga_, a gust of wind (Aasen). - -=flaw,= to ‘flay’. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). In prov. use in -Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Flaw, vb. 7). - -=fleck,= to spot, stain; hence _fleckt_, spotted in the cheek, flushed -with wine; ‘And drinke, till they be fleckt’, Mirror for Mag., Norfolk, -st. 25. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Fleck, vb.^{1} 5). Cp. Norw. dial. _flekk_, a spot (Aasen). - -=fledge,= fully fledged, ready to fly. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal -ii. 147; ‘Fledge souls’, Herbert, Temple, Death. OE. _flycge_, fledged; -cp. G. _flügge_. See Dict. (s.v. Fledge). See =flidge.= - -=fleet,= to be afloat. Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 171; to be overflowed, to -be covered with water; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33; to pass or while away -(time), As You Like It, i. 1. 124. OE. _flēotan_, to float. - -=fleet,= to skim cream off milk; ‘I shall fleet their cream-bowls’, Grim -the Collier, iv. 1 (Robin), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 443; Lyly, -Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 336). In prov. use in the north country, E. -Anglia, and Kent and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, vb.^{2}). OE. _flēt_, -cream. Cp. Bremen dial. _flöten_, ‘die Sahne von der Milch abnehmen’ -(Wtb.). - - =fleeten,= pale, of the colour of skimmed milk; ‘You fleeten - face!’, Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, iii. 1 (Conon). - -=fleet,= a creek, inlet, run of water. Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 191; xxv. -51. 129. In prov. use in various parts of England; esp. in E. Anglia and -Kent; hence the name of Northfleet, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, sb.^{1} 9). -OE. _flēot_, estuary. - -=fleme,= to put to flight. Morte Arthur, leaf 318. 8; bk. xiii, c. 16; -lf. 414, back, 16; bk. xx, c. 17. OE. _flēman_ (Anglian), to put to -flight; deriv. of _flēam_, flight. - -=flert;= see =flirt.= - -=flesh,= to feed with flesh, to satiate, All’s Well, iv. 3. 19; 2 Hen. -IV, iv. 5. 133; to feed the sword with flesh for the first time, 1 Hen. -IV, v. 4. 133; to make fierce and eager for combat, King John, v. 1. 71. -Hence _fleshed_, eager for battle, inured to bloodshed, Richard III, iv. -3. 6; ‘A flesh’d ruffian’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. -2 (Zabulon). - -=fletcher,= a maker or seller of arrows. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 110; -‘Jack Fletcher and his bolt’, Damon and Pithias (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. -19). Anglo-F. _fleccher_, arrow-maker (Rough List); F. _flèche_, arrow. - -=flete,= to float. Surrey, Description of Spring, 8; in Tottel’s Misc., -p. 4. _Fletyng_, floating, swimming, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 259. See -=fleet.= - -=flew,= the large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound; as of a bloodhound. -Hence _flews_, with the sense of flaps, or flapping skirts, Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre). Hence also _flew’d_, having flews (of -a particular quality), Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 125. - -=flew,= a tube, pipe; see =flue.= - -=flibote, fly-boat,= a fast-sailing vessel. Heywood, King Edw. IV -(Spicing), vol. i, p. 38; If you know not me (Medina), vol. i, p. 336. -Dutch _Vlie-boot_, boat on the river _Vlie_, the channel leading out of -the Zuyder Zee. See NED. (s.v. Fly-boat). - -=flicker,= to flutter. Fletcher, Pilgrim, i. 1 (Alphonso); Dryden, -Palamon, 1399. Metaph. to make fond movements, as with wings: Palsgrave -has, ‘_I flycker_, I kysse together.’ - -=flicker-mouse,= a bat, a ‘flittermouse’. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1; -‘_Ratepenade_, a bat, rearmouse or flickermouse’, Cotgrave. A Sussex -word (EDD.). - -=flidge,= fledged, furnished with feathers. Warner, Albion’s England. -bk. ii, ch. 10, st. 48; Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 4, p. 33; _flig_, -Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 408). OE. _flyege_, fledged. See =fledge.= - -=flight,= an arrow for long distances, light and well-feathered. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); _flight-shot_, the -distance to which a flight-arrow is shot, about 600 yards; ‘A flite shot -over, as much as the Tamise is above the Bridge’, Leland, Itin. (ed. -1744, iv. 41); ‘It being from the park about two flight-shots in -length’, Desc. of Royal Entertainment, 1613 (Works of T. Campion, ed. -Bullen, p. 179); ‘Two flight-shot off’, Heywood, A Woman Killed, iv. 5. -2. - -=flip-flap,= a fly-flapper, for driving away flies. Dekker, O. -Fortunatus, i. 2 (Andelocia); _flyp-flap_, a lap of a garment, Skelton, -Elynour Rummyng, 508. - -=flirt, flert,= to throw with a jerk, to jerk, fillip. Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid, iii (ed. Arber, 84); Drayton, Pol. vi. 50; to move with a -jerk, to dart, to take short quick flights, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i -(ed. Arber, 31). - -=flirt-gill, flurt-gill, flurt-gillian,= a woman of light behaviour, a -flirt. Romeo, ii. 4. 162; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 1 -(Wife); _flurt-Gillian_, The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady). ‘Gill’ and -‘Gillian’ are forms of the Christian-name ‘Juliana’. - -=flitter-mouse,= a bat. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Alken); Alchemist, -v. 2 (Subtle). In common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=flix,= fur of the hare. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 132. Also applied to other -animals; ‘the flix of goat’, Dyer, The Fleece, bk. iv, l. 104. In prov. -use for the fur of a hare, rabbit, or cat, see EDD. (s.v. Flick, -sb.^{3}). - -=float,= flow, flood of the tide. Ford, Love’s Sacr. ii. 3; _in float_, -at high water, ‘Hee being now in Float for Treasure’, Bacon, Henry VII -(ed. Lumby, 128); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Rod). See =flote= -(wave). - -=flocket,= a loose garment with long sleeves. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 53. - -=Florentine,= a kind of pie; meat baked in a dish, with a cover of -paste. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, v. 1 (Lazarillo); ‘I went to -Florence, from whence we have the art of making custards, which are -therefore called Florentines’, Wit’s Interpreter (Nares). - -=flote,= a fleet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 142, back, 31; 216, back, 1; -Hakluyt, Voy. i. 296, l. 2; spelt _floate_, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, -st. 135. OE. _flota_, a ship, fleet (BT.). - -=flote,= a wave, billow; also, the sea; ‘The Mediterranean Flote’, -Tempest, i. 2. 234; ‘The flotes of the see’, Caxton, Jason, 114 (NED.). -OF. _flot_, a wave (Hatzfeld); cp. OE. _flot_, the sea (Sweet). - -=flote,= to skim milk, to take off the cream. Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. -1. See EDD. (s.v. Float, vb. 16). - -=flower-de-luce,= the ‘fleur-de-lis’, a plant of the genus Iris. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 43. 11; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 16; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 127; -also, the heraldic lily, the armorial emblem of France, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. -80. - -=flown:= ‘The Sons of Belial, flown with insolence and wine’, Milton, P. -L. i. 502; ‘Flowen with wine’, Ussher, Ann, vi. 250 (NED.). ‘Flown’ was -orig. used of a stream in full flow, ‘in flood’; ‘Cedron . . . in wynter -. . . is mervaylously flowen with rage of water’, Guilford’s Pilgrimage -(ed. Camden Soc. 31). See NED. (s.v. Flow, vb. 11 b). - -†=fluce,= to flounce, plunge; ‘They [cattle] backward fluce and fling’, -Drayton, The Moon-calf, 1352. Not found elsewhere. - -=flue, flew,= an air-passage, a tube or pipe. In NED. (s.v. Flue, -sb.^{3}) is this note:—‘The following passage is usually quoted as the -earliest example of the word, which is supposed to mean here the spiral -cavity of a shell. But _flue_ is probably a misprint for _flute_. [The -quotation follows]: 1562, Phaer, _Aeneid_ x [l. 209 of Lat. text] With -whelkid shell Whoes wrinckly wreathed _flue_, did fearful shril in seas -outyell.’ But this suggestion cannot be right; for the word occurs again -in a parallel passage, where the spelling is _flew_, occurring at the -end of a line, and riming with _blew_; viz. ‘Dolphins blew, And Tritons -blowe their Trumpes, y^{t} sounds in seas w^{t} dropping _flew_,’ Phaer, -tr. of Aeneid, v. 824. - -=fluence,= a flowing stream. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224; also, -fluency, Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Works, vol. ii, p. 86). - -=flundering,= ‘floundering’, plunging and tossing; ‘Th’ unruly flundring -steeds’, H. More, Song of Soul, i. 1. 17; Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 -(Vincentio); the word makes no sense here, for the passage is -intentional nonsense. But it’s a loud-sounding and impressive word. - -†=flundge,= fly out, are flung out. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 59. An -onomatopoeic word, not found elsewhere. - -=flurt at,= to sneer at, to scoff at. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 19; -Beaumont and Fl., Rule a Wife, iii. 2; id., Pilgrim, i. 1; iii. 1; Wild -Goose Chase, ii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Flirt, vb. 4 a). - -=flush,= a term at primero; when a player held four cards of the same -colour. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). See =five-and-fifty.= - -=fluxure,= fluidity; also, moisture; ‘Moisture and fluxure’, B. Jonson, -Induct. to Ev. Man out of Humour (Asper); Mirror for Mag., Cromwell (by -Drayton), st. 117. Late L. _fluxura_ (Tertullian). - -=fly,= a domestic parasite, a familiar. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 -(Theoph.). Also, a familiar spirit; ‘I have my flies abroad’, B. Jonson, -Alchem. iii. 2 (Face). See NED. (s.v. Fly, sb.^{1} 5, a, b.). - -=fly-boat;= see =flibote.= - -=fob;= See =fub= (2). - -=fobus,= a cheat; for _fob-us_, i.e. cheat us; from _fob_, to cheat. -‘You old fobus’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Jerry). - -=fode,= a creature, person, man. Squire of Low Degree, l. 364; in -Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, ii. 37; The World and the Child, l. 4; in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. Also, a companion, id. 247. ME. _fode_, a -person, creature (Prov. Hendyng, 63); see Dict. M. and S. - -=fode, foad,= to beguile with show of kindness or fair words, to soothe -in fancied security. Golding translates ‘Favet huic Aurora timori’, in -Ovid, Met. vii. 721, by ‘The morning foading this my feare’, ed. 1587, -99^{b}. Skelton has _fode_, Magnyfycence, 1719. ME. _foden_, to beguile -(Will. Palerne, 1646). - -=fog,= rank, coarse grass. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 399; ‘Fogg in some places -signifies long grass remaining in pasture till winter’, Worlidge, Dict. -Rust.; ‘Fogge, _postfaenium_’, Levins, Manipulus. Hence _foggy_, -abounding in coarse grass, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 115; moist, Golding, -Metam. xv. 203. ‘Fog’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for -the aftermath; the long grass left standing in the fields during winter -(EDD.). ME. _fogge_ (Cleanness, 1683, in Allit. Poems, 85). Norm. dial. -_fogge_, long grass (Ross). - -=fog,= to traffic in a servile way, hunt after, cheat. _Fogging_ rascal, -Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto). A back-formation from -_fogger_; cp. ‘pettyfogger’; see Dict. (s.v. Petty). - -=foggy,= flabby, puffy, corpulent; ‘Fat and foggy’, Contention betw. -Liberality and Prodigality, v. 4 (Lib.); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. -377; ‘_Un enbonpoint de nourrice_, a plump, fat, or foggy constitution -of body’, Cotgrave; ‘Foggy, to [too] ful of waste flesshe’, Palsgrave. -Also _fog_, bloated, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 672. ‘Foggy’ is in -prov. use in the north country for fat, corpulent. - -=fogue,= fury. Dryden, Astraea Redux, 203. Ital. _foga_, fury, violent -force (Florio). - -=foil, foyle,= to tread under foot, trample down; ‘That Idoll . . . he -did foyle In filthy durt’, Spenser. F. Q. v. 11. 33; the tread or track -of a hunted animal, ‘What? hunt a wife on the dull foil!’, Otway, Venice -Preserved, iii. 2 (Pierre); _foyling_, ‘_Foulée_, the slot of a stag, -the fuse of a buck (the view or footing of either) upon hard ground, -grass, leaves, or dust; we call it (most properly) his foyling’, -Cotgrave. See NED. (s.v. Foil, vb.^{1} 2). - -=foil, foyle,= repulse, defeat, disgrace. Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. -18; 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 23. See above. - -=foin,= a thrust, in fencing. King Lear, iv. 6. 251; ‘Keep at the foin’ -(i.e. do not close in fight), Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 389. - -=foist,= a light galley; ‘The Lord Mayor’s foist,’ B. Jonson, Epig. -cxxxiii; Voyage, 100; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. F. _fuste_, ‘a -foist, a light galley’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _fusta_, ‘a foist, a fly-boat, a -light galley’ (Florio); O. Prov. _fusta_, ‘poutre, bois, vaisseau, -navire’ (Levy); Med. L. _fusta_, a galley, orig. a piece of timber -(Ducange). See =galley-foist.= - -=foist= (a term in dice-play), to ‘palm’ or conceal in the fist, to -manage the dice so as to fall as required, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. -Arber, 54); to cheat, play tricks, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 -(Alvarez); a cheat, a pickpocket, B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob); -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1; a trick, B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 -(Vol.); _foister_, a cheat, a sharper, Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 32. -Du. _vuisten_, to keep in the fist; _vuist_, the fist. See NED. - -=folk-mote,= an assembly of the people. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 6. OE. -_folc-mōt_; _folc_, folk, people, and _mōt_, a moot or meeting. - -=folt,= a foolish person. Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. -304; _foult_, Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1. ME. _folett_, ‘stolidus’ -(Prompt.). OF. _folet_, ‘a pretty fool, a little fop, a young coxe, none -of the wisest’ (Cotgr.). - -=folter.= Of the limbs: to give way; ‘His [the horse’s] legges hath -foltred’, Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. 1, ch. 17; of one’s speech: -to stumble, to stammer, Golding, Metam. iii. 277. See NED. (s.v. Falter, -vb.^{1}). - -=fon,= a fool. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 59. ME. _fon_ (Wars Alex. -2944); _fonne_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4089). - -=fond,= to play the fool, become foolish; to dote; ‘I fonde, or dote -upon’, Palsgrave. Hence _fonded_, befooled, full of folly, Surrey, tr. -of Aeneid, iv, l. 489 (L. _demens_, l. 374); ‘A fonded louer’ (an -infatuated lover), Turbervile, The Lover, seing himselfe abusde, -renounceth love, l. 11. - -†=fond,= to found. Misspelt, for the sake of a quibble upon _fond_, -foolish; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 3 (Hammon). - -=fone,= foes. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 10; Visions of Bellay, v. 10. OE. -_ge-fān_, foes; pl. of _ge-fā_, a foe. - -=foody,= abounding in food, supplying food. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. -104; ‘Their foody fall,’ their settlement in a food-supplying place, -id., xv. 638. ‘Foody’ is in prov. use in the north of England for rich, -fertile, full of grass (EDD.). - -=footcloth,= a large richly-ornamented cloth laid over the back of a -horse and hanging down to the ground on each side; considered as a mark -of dignity and state (NED.). 2 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 51; Fletcher, Noble -Gentleman, ii. 1 (Marine); Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 2 (Thierry); -‘My foot-cloth horse’, Richard III, iii. 4. 80; hence _foot-cloth_, a -horse provided with this adornment, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1. 10. - -=foot-pace,= a raised platform for supporting a chair of state. Bacon, -Essay 56, § 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 466. F. _pas_, a step. - -†=foot-saunt,= a game at cards; also called _cent-foot_, and apparently -the same as _cent_. Only in Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. See =cent.= - -=fopdoodle,= a simpleton. Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, ii. 1 -(Calaminta); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 998. - -=for-,= intensive prefix, as distinct from _fore-_, beforehand. OE. -_for-_. Examples are given below: as _for-do_, _-hale_, _-slack_, -_-slow_, _-speak_, _-spent_, _-swatt_, _-swonck_, _-weary_, _-wounded_. - -=for,= against, in order to prevent; chiefly with a sb. of verbal -origin. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 2; Two Gent. of Verona, i. 2. 136; -_for going_, i.e. to prevent going, to save from going, Pericles, i. 1. -40. (Common; and, if the meaning be not caught, the sense of the -sentence is altered.) - -=forby, foreby,= hard by, near. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; v. 2. 54; by, -id., v. 11. 17. ME. _forby_ (Barbour’s Bruce, x. 345). - -=force.= _Of force_, of necessity, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 5. 2; _on -force_, Heywood and Rowley, Fortune by Land, &c., ii. 1 (John); Works, -vi. 381; _force perforce_, by violent constraint, King John, iii. 1. -142; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 116; _to hunt at force_, to run the game down -with dogs instead of slaying with weapons, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 -(Robin). - -=force.= _It is force_, it is of consequence or importance; usually -negative, _it is no force_, it does not matter, _no force_, no matter, -_what force_? what matter?; ‘No force for that, for it is ordered so’, -Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (Works, ed. Bell, 217). ME. _no force_, _no -fors_, no matter, no consequence; _what fors_, what matter (Chaucer). -Cp. Anglo-F. _force ne fe_t, it makes no force, it matters not (Bozon). - -=force,= to trouble oneself, care; ‘I force it not’, I reck not of it, I -care not for it, Mucedorus, Induction, 68; _it forceth not_, it matters -not, it is not material, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 52). See -NED. (s.v. Force, vb.^{1} 14 b). - -=fordo,= to destroy, overcome. Hamlet, ii. 1. 103. OE. _fordōn_, to -destroy. - -=fore-,= prefix; often miswritten for the prefix _for-_, as in -_forespent_ for _forspent_. See under =for-.= - -=forehand:= in phr. _forehand_ (_shaft_), an arrow used for shooting -straight before one. Ascham, Toxoph. p. 126; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52; -former, previous, Much Ado, iv. 1. 51; foremost, leading, Butler, Hud. -ii. 2. 618; in the front, the mainstay, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 143. - -=forelay,= to lie in wait for. Dryden, Palamon, i. 493; also, to hinder, -Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid xi, 781. - -=forepoynted,= appointed beforehand. Gascoigne, Hermit’s Tale, § 2; ed. -Hazlitt, ii. 141. - -=fore-right,= right on, straight ahead. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, -ii. 3. 8; said of a favourable wind, Massinger, Renegado, v. 8 (Aga). In -prov. use in Devon and Cornwall in the sense of straight forward (EDD.). - -=foreset.= _Of foreset_, of set purpose, purposely. Ferrex and Porrex, -ii. 2, chorus, 13. See NED. - -=forespeak,= to predict; especially, to foretell evil about one. -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 792; xvii. 32; Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 -(Mother Sawyer). - -=forfaint,= very faint, extremely languid. Sackville, Induction, § 15; -Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 73. - -=forfare,= to perish, decay; ‘Thonge Castell . . . is now forfaryn’, -Fabyan, Chron., Pt. V, c. 83 (side-note); ed. Ellis, 61. ME. _forfaren_ -(Gen. and Ex. 3018). - -=forgetive,= inventive. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 107. A word of uncertain -formation, commonly taken to be a deriv. of the vb. ‘to forge’. - -=forgrown,= grown out of use. Gascoigne, Prol., to Hermit’s Tale, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 139. - -=forhaile,= to distract. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 243. See NED. (s.v. -For-, prefix^{1} 5 b). - -=for-hent,= seized beforehand. Better _fore-hent_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. -4. 49. From _fore_, before, and _hent_, caught, from OE. _hentan_, to -seize. - -=forhewed,= much hacked, severely cut. Sackville, Induction, st. 57. - -=forjust,= to tire out in ‘justing’, beat in a tilting-match. Morte -Arthur, leaf 162. 35; bk. viii, c. 33. - -=forkhead,= the head of an arrow, with two barbs pointing forward, -instead of backward, as in the _swallow-tail_. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. -135. - -=forks,= a forked stake used as a (Roman) whipping-post. Fletcher, -Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); ii. 4 (Decius). L. _furcae_, pl., forks; -hence, a yoke under which defeated enemies passed; also, a -whipping-post. - -=forlore,= utterly wasted. Sackville, Induction, st. 48; _forlorne_, -made bare, id. st. 8. OE. _forloren_, pp. of _forlēosan_, to lose, also, -to destroy. - -=formerly,= first of all, beforehand. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 38; vi. 3. -38. Also, just now, even now; id., ii. 12. 67; Merch. Venice, iv. 1. -362. - -=forpine,= to waste away. Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, 15; -_forpined_, wasted, Hall, Sat. v. 2. 91. - -=forsane,= _pp._ ‘forsaken’, avoided, Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 720; xi. -412. I can find no third example of the form _forsaken_ being thus -contracted. (Not in NED.). - -=forslack, foreslack,= to delay, to spoil by delay. Spenser, F. Q. vi. -12. 12; vii. 7. 45. - -=forslow,= to delay. Marlowe, Edw. II, ii 4. 39. Ill spelt _foreslow_, 3 -Hen. VI, ii. 3. 56; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 5 (Macilense). - -=forsonke,= deeply sunk. Sackville, Induction, st. 20. - -=forspeak,= to speak against. Ant. and Cl. iii. 7. 3. - -=forspeak,= to bewitch. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 1 (Asotus); -Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 12; ‘They [the witches] saie they -have . . . forespoken hir neighbour’, R. Scot, Discov. Witchcraft, iii. -2. 45 (NED.); ‘_Fasciner_, to charm, bewitch, forspeak; _fasciné_, -forspoken’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland for ‘to bewitch’, ‘to -cause ill-luck by immoderate praise’ (EDD.). ME. _forspekyn_, or -charmyn, ‘fascino’ (Prompt.). - -=forspent,= exhausted. 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 37; misspelt _forespent_, -Sackville, Induction, st. 12. - -=forswatt,= covered with ‘sweat’. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99. - -=forswonck,= spent with toil. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99. See -=swink.= - -=forth dayes,= late in the day. Morte Arthur, leaf 402, back, 19; bk. -xx, c. 5. ME. ‘Whanne it was forth daies hise disciplis camen’, Wyclif, -Mark vi. 35. - -=forthink,= to regret, to be sorry for. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 32; ‘I -forthynke, I repent me, _Je me repens_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word -(EDD.), ME. _forthynke_, ‘penitere’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. for _forþencan_, -to despise. - -=forthright,= straight forward. Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 1076; id., -Palamon, ii. 237; used as sb., a straight course, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. -158. In use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Forth). ME. _forth right_ -(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 295). - -=forthy,= therefore, on that account. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 14; Shep. -Kal., March, 37. ME. _for-thy_, therefore (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1841); OE. -_for-ðȳ_. - -=forwaste,= wasted utterly. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. (Better -_forwast_, where _wast_ is contracted from _wasted_.) _Forwasted_, laid -waste, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 1. - -=forwearied,= extremely wearied. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 13; Davies, -Orchestra, 58 (Arber’s Garland, v. 37). - -=forwhy,= because. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 412, col. 1; Richard II, -v. 1. 46. ME. _for-why_ (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 461); see Dict. M. and S., -and Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=forwithered,= utterly withered. Sackville, Induction, st. 12. - -=forworn,= worn out, exhausted. Gascoigne, Jocasta, iv. 1 (Antigone). - -=forwounded,= badly wounded. Morte Arthur, leaf 175, back, 26; bk. ix, -c. 9. - -=foster,= a ‘forester’. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 17; iii. 4. 50. Hence the -surname ‘Foster’. - -=fougade,= a small powder-mine; applied to the gunpowder plot of Guy -Fawkes; ‘The fougade or powder plot’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, -§ 17. F. _fougade_, a mine (Cotgr.). - -=foulder,= a thunder-bolt. Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 47; hence as -vb., to drive out, as with a thunder-bolt, id., Mortimer, st. 4. -Anglo-F. _fouldre_ (Gower). - -=fouldring,= thunderous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 20. - -=foumerd,= a ‘foumart’, polecat. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 52. For numerous -forms of this very general prov. name for the polecat see EDD. (s.v. -Foumart). See =fulmart.= - -=fourraye,= to fall upon, attack, raid; lit. to foray, plunder, act as -forayers. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 203. 8; _foureyed and threstid_, -charged and thrust, id., leaf 299. 29. See NED. (s.v. Foray). - -=foutra, footra,= an expression of contempt; _a foutra for_, a fig for. -2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 103; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). For the -origin, see NED. - -=fowe, fow,= to clean out, cleanse; ‘I fowe a gonge’, Palsgrave. In -prov. use in some parts of England for the more usual ‘fey’ or ‘fie’, -see EDD. (s.v. Fay, vb.^{2}). ME. _fowyn_, or make clean, ‘mundo, -emundo’ (Prompt. EETS. 184, see note no. 833); Icel. _fāga_, to clean. - -=fowl,= a bird; pronounced like _fool_, and quibbled upon. 3 Hen. VI, v. -6. 18-20. - -=fox,= a kind of sword. Hen. V, iv. 4. 9; ‘A right [genuine] fox’, Two -Angry Women, ii. 4 (Coomes). The wolf on some makes of sword-blade is -supposed to have been mistaken for a fox. - -=foxed,= drunk. (Cant.) Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 3 (Clown); -_fox_, to make drunk, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 (near the end); -Pepys, Diary, Oct. 26, 1660. - -=fox-in-the-hole,= a game in which boys hopped on one leg, and beat each -other with pieces of leather (Boas). Kyd, Soliman and Persida, i. 3 -(end); Herrick, The Country Life, 57. - -=foy,= fidelity, homage. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 41. F. _foi_, faith. - -=fraight,= _pp._ fraught, loaded. Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce, p. 601, col. -1; Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 35. - -=frail,= a basket made of rushes. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 2 (Peregrine); -‘A frail of figges’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, iv. 2 (Silena); ‘_Cabas_, a -frail for raisins or figs’, Cotgrave; so Palsgrave. In common prov. use -in various parts of England—the Midlands, E. Anglia, and south-west -counties—for a soft flexible basket used by workmen and tradesmen -(EDD.). ME. _ffrayl_ of _ffrute_, ‘carica’ (Prompt.), _fraiel_ (Wyclif, -Jer. xxiv. 2); OF. _frayel_, ‘cabas à figues’ (La Curne). See Thomas, -Phil. Fr. 366. - -=fraischeur,= freshness, coolness. Dryden, Poem on the Coronation, 102. -F. _fraischeur_ (mod. _fraîcheur_), coolness (Cotgr.). - -=franion,= an idle, loose, licentious person. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; -v. 3. 22; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); Works, i. 44. See Nares. - -=frank,= a sty, a place to feed pigs in. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 160; -‘_Franc_, a franke, or stie, to feed or fatten hogs in’, Cotgrave; as -vb., to fatten, confine in a sty, Richard III, i. 3. 314; Middleton, -Game at Chess, v. 3. 14. ME. _frank_, a place for fattening animals, -‘saginarium’ (Prompt.), see Way’s note; OF. _franc_ (Didot), see Ducange -(s.v. Francum). - -=frapler,= a blusterer, quarrelsome person. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -iv. 1 (Amorphus); see NED. (s.v. Fraple). Cp. _frap_, to quarrel, -_frappish_, quarrelsome, in EDD. - -=frappet,= an endearing term addressed to a girl; ‘My little frappet’, -Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v. 1 (Ilford). - -=fraught,= freight, cargo. Edw. III, v. 1. 79; Tempest, v. 1. 61; _fig._ -of news brought by a new-comer. Milton, Samson, 1075; as vb., to lade, -load, form a cargo, Tempest, 1. 2. 13. See Dict. - -=fraunch,= to devour; ‘Fraunching the fysh . . . with teath of brasse’, -Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 69; _fraunshe_, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. -1575, 358); see NED. - -=fraunchise,= freedom. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 15, § last; -Fabyan, Chron. an. 1247-8, ed. Ellis, p. 336. ME. _franchyse_, privilege -(Chaucer), _fraunchyse_, ‘libertas’ (Prompt.); Anglo-F. _fraunchise_, -freedom, privileged liberty (Gower). - -=fraying,= the coating rubbed off the horns of a deer, when she rubs it -against a tree. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John). - -=fraying-stock,= a tree-stem against which a hart frays (or rubs) his -horns. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 27, p. 69. - -=fream,= to roar, rage. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, ii. 234; iv. 169. L. -_fremere_. - -=freat,= a weak place or blemish in a bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 114, -120; as vb., to injure, damage, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 4; in -Tottel’s Misc., p. 27. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OF. _frete_ (_fraite_), -a breach, injury, see La Curne (s.v. Fraicte), and Didot (s.v. Fraite). - -=freke,= a warrior, fighting-man. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; Grimald, -Epitaph on Sir J. Wilford, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 112. ME. _freke_, a -warrior, a man (Dict. M. and S.), OE. _freca_ (Beowulf). - -=fremman,= a stranger. Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 210. -For _fremd man_; ‘Fremd’ is in common prov. use for strange, foreign, in -Scotland and the north of England down to Northampton (EDD.). ME. -_fremede_, foreign (Chaucer). OE. _fremede_. - -=frenne,= a stranger, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 28. ‘Fren’ is given as -a Caithness word in EDD. ME. _frend_, foreign (Plowman’s Tale, 626). See -above. - -=frequent,= crowded, well-attended. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 3. 1; Dryden, -Hind and Panther, iii. 25; _f. to_, addicted to, Wint. Tale, iv. 2. 36; -_frequent with_, familiar with, Shak. Sonnet 117. L. _frequens_, crowded -(Cicero). - -=freshet,= a stream or brook of fresh water. Hakluyt, Voy. i. 113, l. 4 -from bottom; Milton, P. R. ii. 345. - -=fret,= to wear away; to chafe, rub; ‘Frets like a gummed velvet’, 2 -Hen. IV, ii. 2. 2. (Velvet, when stiffened with gum, quickly rubbed and -fretted itself out.) - -=friar’s lantern,= _Ignis fatuus_, will-of-the-wisp. Milton, L’Allegro, -104. [Scott in Marmion, iv. i, following Milton, has taken the ‘friar’ -to be Friar Rush, who had nothing to do with the _Ignis fatuus_, but was -the hero of a popular story—a demon disguised as a friar.] - -=frim,= vigorous; ‘My frim and lusty flank’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 397; -abundant in sap, juicy, id., Owle, 5; Worlidge, Syst. Agric, 224. In -gen. prov. use in England in the sense of vigorous, healthy, thriving, -in good condition, luxuriant in growth; also, juicy, succulent (EDD.). -OE. *_frym_, cogn. w. _freme_, good, strenuous (BT.). - -=frisle,= to ‘frizzle’, to curl the hair in small crisp curls. -Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1145; Twyne, tr. Aeneid, xii. 100. See EDD. (s.v. -Frizzle, vb.^{2}). - -=frith,= wooded country, wood; often used vaguely; ‘In fryth or fell’, -Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, -ix. 85 (L. _silva_). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). -ME. _frith_, ‘frith and fell’ (Cursor M. 7697). OE. _fyrhð_, a wood -(Earle, Charters, 158). - -=fro, froe;= see =frow.= - -=fro,= to go frowardly or amiss, to be unsuccessful. Mirror for Mag., -Yorke, st. 23. - -=frolic,= _s._, (prob.) a set of humorous verses sent round at a feast. -B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3 (Meer.). - -=froligozene,= _interj._, rejoice!, be happy! Two Angry Women, ii. 2 -(end); Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 173. -Du. _vrolijk zijn_, to be cheerful. - -=fronted,= confronted. Bacon, Essay 15, § 16. - -=frontisterion;= in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 310. See =phrontisterion.= - -=frontless,= shameless. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 159; Odyssey, i. 425; -Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1040. 1187. - -=frore,= intensely cold, frosty; ‘The parching Air Burns frore’, Milton, -P. L. ii. 595. Now only in poetical diction after Milton’s use. OE. -_froren_ pp. of _frēosan_, to freeze. ‘Frore’ is still in prov. use in -various parts of England for ‘frozen’, see EDD. (s.v. Freeze, 3 (11)). - -=frorn,= frozen. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 243. In use in E. Anglia. -See above. - -=frory,= frosty. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 35. A Suffolk word (EDD.). - -=frosling,= a ‘frostling’, a gosling nipped or injured by frost. -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 460. ‘Froslin(g’ is a Suffolk word for -anything—plant or animal—injured by the frost (EDD.). - -=frote, froat,= to rub, chafe; to rub a garment with perfumes. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Middleton, A Trick to Catch, -iv. 3 (1 Creditor). In prov. use in the north country and Shropshire -(EDD.). ME. _frote_, to rub (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1115, OF. -_froter_ (F. _frotter_). - -=frounce,= to frizz or curl the hair; ‘An ouerstaring frounced hed’, -Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); Milton, Il Penseroso, -123. F. _froncer_, to wrinkle the brow, to frown. See Dict. (s.v. -Flounce, 2). - -=frow, frowe, fro,= a Dutchwoman; a woman. London Prodigall, v. 1. 164; -Bacchus’ _froes_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, v. 1 -(Wittypate). Du. _vrouw_; cp. G. _Frau_. See Stanford. - -=frowy,= musty, sour, stale; ‘They like not of the frowie fede’, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 111. In use in E. Anglia and America, see -EDD. (s.v. Frowy), and NED. (s.v. Froughy). Probably a deriv. of OE. -_þrōh_, rancid (Napier’s OE. Glosses, vii. 193 and 210). - -=froy,= brave, handsome, gallant; ‘And then my froy Hans Buz, A -Dutchman’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Thomas). Du. _fraai_, -‘brave, handsome, gallant, neat’ (Sewel). Cp. F. _frais_, ‘fresh, young, -lusty’ (Cotgr.). - -=frubber,= a furbisher, burnisher, or polisher. Said to a maid-servant, -Chapman, Widow’s Tears, v. 3 (Tharsalio). - -=frubbish,= to polish by rubbing; ‘To frubbish, _fricando polire_’, -Levins, Manip.; hence, _frubisher_, a polisher, Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1076. F. _fourbir_, ‘to furbish, polish’ (Cotgr.). - -=frump,= to mock or snub. Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 (Franio); -‘_Sorner_, to jest, boord, frump, gull’, Cotgrave; ‘Hee frumpeth those -his mistresse frownes on’, Man in the Moone (Nares); a scoffer, -Gascoigne (ed. Hazlitt, i. 24); a taunt, a biting sarcasm, Harington, -Epigrams (Nares); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 3. ‘To frump’ is -in prov. use in many parts of England, meaning to flout, jeer; to scold, -speak sharply or rudely to, see EDD. (s.v. Frump, vb.^{2}). - -=frush,= to bruise, batter. Tr. and Cr. v. 6. 29; _frusshid_, dashed in -pieces, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 28. OF. _fruissier_, _froissier_, -to break to pieces. - -=frush,= fragments, remnants. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 39. A -Scottish word, see EDD. (s.v. Frush, sb.^{1} 4). - -=fub,= a cheat, a fool. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Malevole). - -=fub= (_gen._ with _off_), to put off deceitfully. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 37; -_to fob off_, Coriolanus, i. 1. 97. Cp. Low G. _foppen_, ‘Einen zum -Narren haben’ (Berghaus). See EDD. (s.v. Fob, vb.^{4}). - -=fubbed,= fobbed, cheated. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). - -=fucate,= artificially painted over, disguised. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. iii, c. 4, § last but one. L. _fucatus_, pp. of _fucare_, to paint -the face; from _fucus_; see below. - -=fucus,= paint for the complexion, a cosmetic. B. Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 1 -(Eudemus); Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo). L. _fucus_, -red dye. Gk. φῦκος, _rouge_, prepared from seaweed so called. - -=fuge,= to flee, flee away; ‘I to fuge and away’, Gascoigne, Works, i. -231. (The construction seems to be—_I_ (_gan_) _to fuge._) L. _fugere_. - -†=fulker,= a pawn-broker. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). Cp. Du. -_focker_, ‘an engrosser of wares’ (Hexham). See Fog (to traffic). - -=fullam,= a loaded dice. Merry Wives, i. 3. 94. Spelt _fulham_. Butler, -Hudibras, ii. 1. 642. - -=fulmart,= a ‘foumart’, pole-cat. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 4 (Lady -Tub); also _fullymart_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 31. ME. -_fulmard_, _fulmerde_, a polecat, OE. _fūl_, foul, and _mearð_, marten, -see Dict. M. and S. See =foumerd.= - -=fum,= to play or thrum (on a guitar) with the fingers. Westward Ho, v. -2; Dryden, Assignation, ii. 3. - -=fumado, fumatho,= a smoked pilchard; ‘Cornish pilchards, otherwise -called _Fumados_’, Nash, Lenten Stuff (1871), p. 61 (NED.); _fumatho_, -Marston, The Fawn, iv. 1 (Page); ‘Their pilchards . . . by the name of -Fumadoes, with oyle and a lemon, are meat for the mightiest Don in -Spain’, Fuller, Worthies, Cornwall, 1. 194. Span. _fumado_, pp. of -_fumar_, to smoke; L. _fumus_, smoke. See EDD. (s.v. Fair-maid). - -=fumbling,= rambling in speech, hesitating. North, tr. of Plutarch, J. -Caesar, § 43 (in Shak. Plut., p. 98, n. 2); ‘Thy fumbling throat’, -Marston, Antonio’s Revenge, i. 1 (Piero). - -=fumer,= a perfumer. Beaumont and Fl., Triumph of Time, sc. 1 (Desire). - -=fumish,= angry, fractious. See EDD. and Nares. _Fumishly_, with -indignation, ‘Toke highly or fumishly’; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § -14. - -=fumishing,= variant of _fewmishing_, the dung of a hart or deer. -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 23; p. 65. See =fewmets.= - -=funambulous,= narrow, as if one were walking on a tight-rope; ‘This -funambulous path’, Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 31. - -=furacane, furicane,= a hurricane; ‘These tempestes of the ayer . . . -they caule Furacanes’, R. Eden, First three E. Books on America (ed. -Arber, p. 81). _Furicanes_, Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, vol. iii, p. -405. O. Span. _furacan_ (Sp. _huracan_), Pg. _furacão_, from the Carib -word given by Peter Martyr as _furacan_. See NED. (s.v. Hurricane). - -=furbery,= a trick, imposture. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. viii, p. -43. F. _fourberie_, a trick. - -=fur-fare,= to cause to perish, destroy. Morte Arthur, leaf 95, back, -30; bk. vi, c. 6. See =forfare.= - -=furniment,= furniture, array. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 38. F. -_fourniment_, provision, furniture; _fournir_, to furnish (Cotgr.). - -=furniture,= equipment. Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 182; trappings, All’s Well, -ii. 3. 65. - -†=furny;= ‘I have a furny card in a place’, Lusty Juventus, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 78. Meaning doubtful; perhaps = F. _fourni_, provided. - -=fustick,= the name of a kind of wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; Dyer, -The Fleece, bk. iii. 189. The name was given to _two_ kinds of wood: -(_a_) that of the Venetian sumach (_Rhus Cotinus_); (_b_) of the -_Cladrastis tinctoria_ of the W. Indies. F. and Span. _fustoc_, Arab. -_fustuq_; from Gk. πιστάκη, pistachio. - -=futile,= unable to hold one’s tongue, loquacious. Bacon, Essay 20, § 4. -L. _futilis_, that easily pours out, ‘leaky’. - -=fyaunts;= see =fiants.= - - - - - G - - -=gabel,= tribute, tax. Massinger, Emp. of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria). -OF. _gabelle_, Late L. _gabella_; cp. Med. L. _gabulum_, tribute -(Ducange). A word of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, pp. 74, 75, and -Modern Language Review, July, 1912 (note by A. L. Mayhew on -‘Gavelkind’). - -=gable,= a ‘cable’, rope. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 333; ix. 211; x. -165; xii. 47, 577. See NED. - -=gaffle,= a steel lever for bonding the cross-bow. Drayton, Muses’ -Elysium, Nymphal vi, 67; Complete Gunner, iii. 15. 12 (NED.). Du. -_gaffel_, a fork. - -=gage,= a quart-pot. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_A gage of bowse_, whiche is a -quart-pot of drinke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 34. For _gauge_, i.e. a -measure. - -=gag-tooth,= a projecting or prominent tooth. Return from Parnassus, l. -2 (Ingenieso); hence, _gag-toothed_, Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 -(Vincentio); _gagge-toothed_, Lyly, Euphues, p. 116. - -=gain,= near, straight, direct; said of a way; ‘They told me it was a -_gayner_ way, and a fayrer way’, Latimer, 3 Sermon before King, ed. -Arber, p. 101 (top). In gen. prov. use in Scotland, and in England in -the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia, EDD. (s.v. Gain, adj. 1). -ME. _geyn_, ryȝht forth, ‘directus’ (Prompt.); Icel. _gegn_. - -=gaingiving,= a misgiving. Hamlet, v. 2. 226. The prefix _gain-_ has the -sense of opposition. OE. _gegn_, see NED. - -†=gain-legged= (?); ‘I’ll short that gain-legg’d Longshank by the top’, -Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce, i. 103). Possibly, nimble, active-legged. Cp. -EDD. (sv. Gain, adj. 5). - -=galage,= a wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole; ‘A Galage, a shoe: -_solea_, _sandalium_’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Galage, a startuppe or clownish -shoe’, Glosse to Spenser’s Shep. Kal., Feb., 244; ‘Shoe called a gallage -or patten whyche hath nothynge but lachettes’, Hulcet. ME. _galegge_ or -_galoch_, ‘crepita’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 837); Anglo-F. -_galoche_. See Dict. (s.v. Galoche). - -=gald,= to gall; pt. t. _galded_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 422; pp. -_galded_, Eden, First three Books on America, p. 386. A false form; from -the pp. - -=galley-foist,= a state barge, esp. of the Lord Mayor of London. -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (end); B. Jonson, Silent -Woman, iv. 2. See =foist.= - -=galliard,= lively, brisk, gay. Shadwell, Humorist, ii (Works, ed. 1720, -i. 172); _galyarde_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 3, § 1. ME. -_gaillard_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4367); F. _gaillard_, gay. - - =galliard,= a quick and lively dance in triple time. Twelfth Nt. - i. 3. 137; Bacon, Essay 32. - -=galliardise,= gaiety. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. II, § 11. F. -_gaillardise_ (Cotgr.). - -=gallimaufry,= a medley. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 335; used as a term of -contempt, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre); spelt -_gallymalfreye_, Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 64. F. _galimafrée_, -a dish made by hashing up remnants of food; a hodge-podge; OF. -_calimafree_ (Hatzfeld). - -=galyarde;= see =galliard.= - -=gamashes,= leggings or gaiters to protect from mud and wet. Middleton, -Father Hubberd’s Tales (Dedication); Marston, What you will, ii. 1 -(Laverdure). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). Norm. F. -_gamaches_, ‘grandes guêtres en toile, montant jusqu’au dessus du genou’ -(Moisy); Prov. _garramacho_ (_garamacho_), ‘houseau’ (Mistral); -Languedoc dial. _garamachos_, _galamachos_, _gamachos_, ‘guêtres de -pêcheurs’ (Boucoiran). - -=gambawd,= a gambol, a frisk. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 65. _To fett -gambaudes_, to fetch gambols, to gambol, frisk about, Udall, tr. of -Apophthegmes, Aristippus, § 45. F. ‘_gambade_, a gambol, tumbling trick’ -(Cotgr.). - -=gambone,= a gammon of bacon; ‘a gambone of bakon’, Skelton, El. -Rummyng, 327. ME. _gambon_, a ham (Boke St. Albans, fol. f2, back); OF. -(Picard) _gambon_ (F. _jambon_), leg; for related words see Moisy (s.v. -Gambe). - -=gambrel,= a stick placed by butchers between the shoulders of a newly -killed sheep, to keep the carcass open. Chapman. Mons. d’Olive, iii -(near the end). In gen. prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, sb.^{1} 1). - -=gambrill,= the hock of an animal. Holland, Pliny, i. 225. Cp. -_gammerel_, ‘a hock’, a Devon and Somerset word, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, -sb.^{1} 2). - -=gamning,= gaming. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 51. So also _gamnes_, games, -id., p. 52. From OE. _gamen_, a game. - -=gan,= the mouth. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 82; Brome, Jovial Crew, ii -(Mort’s song). - -=ganch, gaunch,= to let one fall on sharp stakes (orig. on a sharp -hook), there to remain till death. Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 2 -(Mufti). Hence _gaunshing_, this kind of punishment; Howell, Foreign -Travell, Appendix, p. 85. F. _gancher_: ‘_Ganché_, (a person) let fall -(as in a strappado) on sharp stakes pointed with iron, and thereon -languishing until he die’ (Cotgr.); Ital. ‘_ganciare_, to sharpen at the -point’ (Florio). - -=gandermooner,= one who practised gallantry during the gander-moon, or -month when his wife was lying in. Middleton, Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Meg’s -song). ‘Gander-moon’ is still used in Cheshire, meaning the month of the -wife’s confinement, see EDD. (s.v. Gander, (6)). - -=ganza,= a goose. In The Man in the Moon, by Bp. Godwin, a man is said -to have been drawn to the moon by _Ganza’s_. The name was borrowed from -Holland’s Pliny, bk. x, c. 22 (vol. i. 281a), where Holland has: ‘The -Geese there . . . be called _Ganzæ_.’ But the L. text has _Gantæ_. Hence -the pl. _ganzas_, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 782. - -=gar,= to cause, to make; ‘I’ll gar take’, I will make you take, B. -Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘_Ays gar_’ (for _I’s’gar_), I shall -make, Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). In gen. prov. use in Scotland -and the north of England (EDD.). ME. _gar_ (Cursor M. 4870); Icel. -_ger_(_v_)_a_. - -=garb,= a wheat-sheaf. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 370. Norm. F. _garbe_ (F. -_gerbe_), see Moisy, p. 533. - -=garboil,= a tumult, disturbance, brawl. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 61; ii. 2. -67; Shirley, Young Admiral, iii. 2. 1. F. _garbouil_, ‘a garboil, -hurliburly’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _garbuglio_, a garboile; _garbugliare_, to -garboile, to turmoile (Florio). - -=gardage, guardage,= keeping, guardianship. Othello, i. 2. 70; Fletcher, -Thierry, v. 1 (Vitry). - -=garded, guarded,= trimmed, provided with an ornamental border or -trimming. Merch. of Venice, ii. 2. 164; Hen. VIII, Prol. 16. - -=garden-bull,= a bull baited at Paris Garden, on the Bankside, London. -Middleton, The Changeling, ii. 1 (De F.). - -=gardes,= the dew-claws of a deer or boar; ‘Gardes [of a boar], which -are his hinder clawes or dewclawes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 52; p. 154; -_gards_ [of a deer], id., c. 37; p. 100. F. _gardes_: ‘les gardes d’un -sanglier, the deaw-claws, or hinder claws of a wild Boar’ (Cotgr.). - -=gardeviance,= orig. a safe or cupboard for viands, usually, a -travelling trunk or wallet; ‘Bagge or gardeviaunce to put meat in, -_reticulum_’, Huloet; ‘a gardeviance of usquebagh’, Sir B. Boyle, Diary -(NED.); a little casket, Udall, tr. Apoph., Alexander, § 52. F. -_garde-r_, to keep, + _viande_(_s_, viands. - -=garet,= a watch-tower. Morte Arthur, leaf 100, back, 6; bk. vi, c. 11. -ME. _garyt_, ‘specula’ (Prompt. EETS. 187). OF. _garite_ (F. _guérite_); -see Cotgrave on both forms, and Estienne, Précellence, 358. See Dict. -(s.v. Garret). - -=gargarism,= a gargle; humorously, a physician. Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 16. Gk. γαργαρίζειν, to gargle. - -=gargell-face,= a face like a ‘gargoyle’, or grotesquely carved spout; -‘Before that entry grim, with gargell-face’, Phaer, Aeneid vi, 556 -(without any Latin equivalent). See Dict. (s.v. Gargoyle). - -=garing,= staring, horrid; ‘With fifty garing heads’, Phaer, tr. of -Virgil, bk. vi, l. 576 (Latin text). See =gaure.= - -=garnysshe,= to supply (a castle) with defensive force and provisions. -Morte Arthur, leaf 18. 32, bk. i, c. 1; lf. 26. 8, bk. i, c. 11. F. -‘_garnir_, to garnish, provide, supply’ (Cotgr.). - -=garran, garron,= a small Irish or Scotch horse. Spenser, View of -Ireland, Globe ed., p. 619, col. 2. Irish _gearran_, a horse, a gelding -(Dinneen). - -=gaskins,= a kind of hose or breeches. Dekker, Gentle Craft (Wks., ed. -1873, i. 18); Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); -‘_Gascoigne breeches_, or Venetian hosen, _greguéscos_’, Minsheu, Span. -Dict.; ‘_Gascoyne bride_, one who wears breeches’, Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 2 (Sir Guy). ‘Gaskins’ is a Lincolnsh. word for gaiters (EDD.). - -=gast,= to frighten. King Lear, ii. 2. 57; ‘I gasted hym, _Je lui -baillay belle paour_’, Palsgrave. ME. _gasten_: ‘To gaste crowen from -his corn’ (P. Plowman, A. vii. 129). - -=gaster,= to frighten, Giffard, Dial. Witches (Nares); Beaumont and Fl., -Wit at Several Weapons, ii. 4 (near end). A north-country and Essex word -(EDD.). - -=gate,= a way, path, road. Gascoigne, Voyage to Holland (ed. Hazlitt), -i. 385; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 13. In common use in the north country down -to Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.^{2} 1); cp. ‘Irongate’, the name -of the busiest thoroughfare in Derby. ME. _gate_, or way, ‘via’ (Prompt. -EETS. 188). Icel. _gata_. - -=gate,= to walk; ‘Three stages . . . Neere the seacost gating’, -Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 191. Cp. Worcestersh. phr. _to go gaiting_, to go -about for pleasure, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, vb.^{2} 21). - -=gate-vein,= the principal vein; applied metaphorically to the chief -course of trade. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 146; Bacon, Essay 19. -See =vena porta.= - -=gather-bag;= ‘_Gather-bag_, the bag or skinne, inclosing a young red -Deere in the Hyndes belly’, Bullokar (1616); ‘The _Gather-bagge_ or -mugwet of a yong Harte when it is in the Hyndes bellie’, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 15; p. 39. - -=gauderie,= finery. Hall, Satires, iii. 1. 64; Bacon, Essay 29, § 12. - -=gauding,= festivity; hence, jesting, foolery. Udall, Roister Doister, -iii. 4. 1. - -=gaunt,= a gannet; ‘The gaglynge gaunte’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 447. -‘Gaunt’ is the Lincolnsh. word for the great crested grebe (EDD.). ME. -_gante_ (Prompt. EETS.); OE. _ganot_. - -=gaunt,= thin, slender; ‘She was gaunte agayne’ [after childbirth], -Latimer, 5 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 154); ‘They who . . . -desire to be gant and slender . . . ought to forbear drinking at -meales’, Holland, tr. Pliny, ii. 152. ‘Gant’ is in prov. use for slim, -slender; in Suffolk they speak of horses looking ‘gant’; so in Kent, of -a greyhound that is thin in the flanks (EDD.). ME. _gawnt_, or lene -(Prompt.). - -=gaure,= to stare, gaze. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2275. ME. _gauren_ -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1108 (1157). - - =gaurish,= staring, showy, garish. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 54. - -=gavel,= a quantity of corn, cut and ready to be made into a sheaf. -_Gavel-heap_, said of wheat that is reaped but not bound, Chapman, tr. -of Iliad, xxi. 328. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Gavel, sb.^{2}). -Norm. F. _gavelle_, ‘javelle’ (Moisy), Med. L. _gavella_ (Ducange). - -=gaw;= see =gow.= - -=gawring-stock,= a gazing-stock, a spectacle. Mirror for Mag., Yorke, -st. 21. See =gaure.= - -=gazet, gazette,= a Venetian coin of small value. B. Jonson, Volpone, -ii. 2 (Peregrine); Massinger, Maid of Honour iii. 1 (Jacomo). Ital. -‘_gazzetta_, a kind of small coyn in Venice, not worth a farthing of -ours’ (Florio). See Dict. - -†=geances.= Only in B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 4 (Hilts). A rustic -pronunciation of _chances_? Nares supposes that _geances_ = _jaunces_. -See =jaunce.= - -=gear, geer, gere,= dress, apparel. L. L. L. v. 2. 304. (ME. _gere_, -equipment, Chaucer, C. T. A. 4016). Also, wealth, property, B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1; talk, in depreciatory sense, ‘stuff’, Selden, Table -Talk (ed. Arber, 20); an affair, business, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 6; Romeo, -ii. 4. 107; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Yellow). ‘Gear’ is very -common in prov. use in various senses; see EDD. (s.v.): 1, apparel; 9 -and 10, goods, property; 15, trash, rubbish; 16, affair, business. See -Dict. - -=geason,= scantily produced; rare, scarce, uncommon; ‘Ixine is a rare -herb and geason to be seen’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 98; Spenser, F. Q. vi. -4. 37. ME. _gesen_ (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 271). OE. _gǣsne_, barren, -unproductive. An Essex word (EDD.). - -=geats;= ‘The female, which are called Geats, and the buckes Goates’, -Turbervile, Hunting, ch. 47; p. 146. ME. _geet_, pl. she-goats -(Trevisa’s Higden, i. 311). OE. _gǣt_, nom. pl. of _gāt_, a she-goat. - -=gee and ree;= ‘He expostulates with his Oxen very understandingly, and -speaks Gee and Ree better than English’, Earle, Microcosm, (ed. Arber, -49). Cp. EDD. (s.v. Gee, _int._): ‘Some or other of the crook horses -invariably crossed him on the road . . . owing to two words of the -driver, namely “gee” and “ree”,’ Bray’s Desc., Tamar and Tavy. Two words -of command to an animal driven; _Gee_, directs it to go forward, to move -faster, _Ree_, to turn to the right. - -=gelt,= a lunatic; ‘Like a ghastly Gelt whose wits are reaved’, Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 7. 21. Irish _gealt_ (_geilt_), a madman (Dinneen). - -=gelu,= ‘jelly’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 265. - -=gemonies,= steps on the Aventine Hill (Rome) whence the bodies of state -criminals were flung down, and afterwards dragged into the Tiber -(_scalae Gemoniae_). Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1 (Lamia); B. Jonson, -Sejanus, iv. 5 (Lepidus). - -=genethliac,= relating to nativities; hence, one who calculates -nativities, an astrologer. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 689. Gk. -γενεθλιακός, belonging to birth; from γενέθλη, birth. - -=Geneva print.= In the Merry Devil, ii. 1. 64, the Host says to the -half-drunken smith, ‘I see by thy eyes thou hast been reading little -Geneva print’, i.e. literally, type such as is in the Geneva Bible; but, -allusively, it means, ‘you have been drinking _geneva’_, i.e. _gin_. - -=geniture,= horoscope, the plan of a nativity, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 1; -that which is generated, offspring, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, 1345. L. -_genitura_, a begetting; seed of generation (Pliny); that which is -generated (Tertullian). - -=gennet-moyl,= a kind of apple that ripens early; ‘Trees grafted on a -gennet-moyl or cider-stock’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust., 1681. p. 121; -_genet-moyle_, Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 116. See EDD. (s.v. -jennet). - -=gent,= noble, high-born; valiant and courteous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. -17; (of women) graceful, elegant, F. Q. i. 9. 27; (of the body) shapely, -slender, Greene, Desc. of the Shepherd, 62 (ed. Dyce, p. 305). OF. -_gent_, well-born. - -=gentee,= genteel, elegant. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 747. F. _gentil_ -(_l_ silent). - -=gentry-cove,= a nobleman or gentleman. (Cant.) B. Jonson, Gipsies -Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘A gentry cofes ken, a gentleman’s house’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -=George,= a half-crown, bearing the image of St. George. Shadwell, -Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior). - -=gere;= see =gear.= - -=gere, gear, geer,= a sudden fit of passion, transient fancy. North, -Plutarch (ed. 1676, p. 140); Holland, Am. Marcell. xxxi. 12. 421. ME. -_gere_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1531). - - =gery,= capricious, fitful; ‘His seconde hawke waxid gery’, - Skelton, Ware the Hawke, 66. ME. _gery_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. - 1536). - -=german,= a brother. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 13; ii. 8. 46; cp. Othello, i. -1. 114. L. _germanus_, having the same father and mother. - -=gern,= a snarl, a ‘grin’. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Balurdo); -_gerne_, to grin, id., The Fawn, iv. 1 (Zuccone); Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. -15. ‘Girn’ is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of -England (EDD.). ME. _gyrn_, to grin (Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 322; xiii. -157). - -†=gernative,= grinning (?). Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 5 (Dampit). - -=gerr,= to jar, to be discordant. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 17. - -=gesse,= pl. guests. Lyly, Euphues, 305; spelt _guesse_, Gage, West -Indies, xiv. 90; _guess_, Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4. 6. See NED. (s.v. -Guest). - -=gesseron,= a ‘jazerant’, a light coat of armour. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, ch. 17, § 7. OF. _jazeran_ (_jesseran_), a light coat -of armour, see Didot (s.v. Jaseran); orig. an adj., as in _osberc -jazerenc_ (Ch. Rol. 1604), O. Prov. _jazeren_, ‘de mailles’ (Levy). Dozy -(s.v. Jacerina) says that the supposition that the word means ‘Algerian’ -is unfounded. - -=gest,= pl. _gests_, the various stages of a journey, esp. of a royal -progress; ‘In Jacob’s gests Succoth succeeds . . . to Peniel’, Fuller, -Pisgah, v. 3. 147; ‘The King’s gests’, L’Estrange, Charles I, 126. -_Gest_, the time allotted for a halt, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 41. A later -form of =gist,= q.v. - -=gest=(=e,= story, narrative. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 15; exploit, Mother -Hubberd’s Tale, 978. ME. _geste_, romance, tale; pl. histories, -occurrences (Chaucer). Anglo-F. _geste_, L. (res) _gesta_, a thing -performed. - -=gets,= pl. the jesses of a hawk; ‘Her gets, her jesses and her bells’, -Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles). Both _gets_ and _jess_ are -plural forms of OF. and Prov. _get_ (F. _jet_), ‘a cast, a throw’, cp. -F. _jeter_, to throw. The form _jesses_ is a double plural. - -=giambeux,= armour for the legs. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. _jambeux_ -(Chaucer, C. T. B. 2065). Deriv. of F. _jambe_, the leg (Cotgr.). - -=gib,= a familiar name for a cat. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190. Also, _Gib-cat_, -‘I am as melancholy as a gib-cat’, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83. Hence, _Your -Gibship_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 1. ‘Gib’ and ‘Gib-cat’ are -in prov. use in the north, and down to Hereford, in the sense of a male -cat, gen. one that has been castrated (EDD.). - -=gibbed cat,= gen. taken to mean a castrated cat. Rowley, A Match at -Midnight, ii. 1 (Jarvis). - -=gibbridge,= unintelligible talk, idle talk. Drayton, Pol. xii. 227; -‘_Bagois_, gibridge, strange talk, idle tattle’, Cotgrave. A Yorksh. -pronunciation of _gibberish_ (EDD.). - -=Giberalter,= ? a Gibraltar monkey, an ape, Merry Devil, i. 2. 14. See -NED. - -=gig= (with hard _g_), to produce another like itself, but smaller. Only -used metaphorically, and derived from ME. _gigge_, a whipping-top. See -NED., which has: ‘The verb seems to denote the action of some kind of -_gig_, or whipping-top of peculiar construction, having inside it a -smaller _gig_ of the same shape, which was thrown out by the effect of -rapid rotation.’ Hence, ‘The first [lampoon] produces, still, a second -jig [i.e. lampoon]; You whip them out, like schoolboys [i.e. as -schoolboys do], till they gig’; Dryden, Prologue to Amphitryon, 20, 21. - -=giggots,= slices, small pieces. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 452; ii. 372; -spelt _giggets_, Fletcher, Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Boatswain). F. -_gigot_, a leg of mutton. See NED. - -=giglet, giglot,= a wanton. Meas. for M. v. 352; B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. -4 (Sej.), where it is applied to Fortune; Middleton, Family of Love, i. -2 (Gudgeon). In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland -(EDD.). ME. _gygelot_, ‘agagula’ (Prompt. EETS. 191). Cp. F. -_gigolette_, ‘grisette, faubourienne courant les bals publics’ -(Delesalle). - -=gilder,= a ‘guilder’, an old Dutch coin. Comedy of Errors, i. 1. 8. Du. -_gulden_, ‘a guilder’ (Sewel); with _n_ not pronounced, it sounds like -_gilder_ to an English ear. See Dict. (s.v. Guilder). - -=gill,= a wench, servant-maid. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 709; ‘A gill or -gill-flirt, _gaultiere_, _ricalde_’, Sherwood. A pet name for Gillian or -Juliana. - -=gilt,= a jocose term for money. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 -(Follywit); Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat). - -=gilt-head,= a name given to various fishes. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -i. 1 (Romelio); Hakluyt, Voy. iii. 520, l. 7. Applied to fishes marked -on the head with golden spots or lines; such as the bonito, the dorado -or dolphin, and the golden wrasse. - -=gim,= smart, spruce. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, i. 3 (Mrs. Amlet). In -prov. use in Lancashire and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jim, adj.). - -=gimcrack,= an affected or worthless person, a fop. Fletcher, Loyal -Subject, iv. 2 (Theodore). Also, a fanciful notion, Massinger, Duke of -Milan, iv. 3 (Graccho). - -=gimmal,= in pl. _gimmals_, _gimols_, joints, links, connecting parts of -machinery, Gosson, Trump. War, F 5 (NED.). Hence _gimmaled_, made with -gimmals or joints, ‘The jymold (gimmaled) bitt’, Hen. V, iv. 2. 49; -spelt _gymould_, made with links (applied to mailed armour), K. Edw. -III, i. 2. 29. ME. _gymew_, _gymowe_, ‘gemella’ (Prompt. EETS. 191, see -note no. 877). OF. _gemel_ (F. _gemeau_), L. _gemellus_, twin. See -=jimmal-ring.= - -=gimmors,= links in machinery, esp. for transmitting motion as in -clockwork. 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 41. ‘Gimmer’ (‘jimmer’) is a name for a -hinge in the north country and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jimmer, -sb.^{1}). - -=gin,= to begin. Macbeth, i. 2. 25; Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. -556); _gan sort to this_, began to grow to this, grew to this; Peele (as -above). - -=gin,= a contrivance, ‘engine’. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, 1. 298. See -Dict. (s.v. Gin, 2). - -=ging,= a company of people. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 3; B. Jonson, -Alchemist, v. 1 (Lovewit); New Inn, i. 1 (Lovel). In prov. use, cp. the -Leicester saying, ‘The wull ging on ’em’ (i.e. the whole lot of them), -see EDD. (s.v. Gang, 12). ME. _ging_(_e_, a company, a following, -retinue (Wars Alex., freq., see Glossarial Index); OE. _genge_, a -following (Chron. A.D. 1070). - -=ginglymus,= a joint. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). L. -_ginglymus_; Gk. γίγγλυμος, a joint (as of the elbow). - -†=ginimony.= Only in following passage, ‘Here is ginimony likewise -burned and pulverised, to be mingled with the juice of lemons, &c.’, -Westward Ho, i. 1 (Birdlime). Something used as a cosmetic. - -=ginniting,= a ‘jenneting’, an early apple. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1. See -Dict. (s.v. Jenneting). - -=gird,= to strike, smite, pierce; ‘When some sodain stitch girds me in -the side’, Bp. Hall, Medit. i, § 92; Palsgrave; _girt_, pp. smitten, -‘Through girt’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iv. 4. 112; _to gird forward_, to -rush forward, Gosson, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, 58). ME. _gird_, to -strike, pierce (Wars Alex. 1219); to rush (id. 1243); see Glossarial -Index. See NED. (s.v. Gird, vb.^{2}). - -=girdle;= ‘Would my girdle may break if I do’, Match at Midnight, i. 1 -(Tim); ‘I pray God my girdle break’, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 171. The girdle -was used to keep up the breeches; see _breechgirdle_ in NED. It also -usually had the wearer’s purse hung at it, which would be lost if the -girdle broke. - -=girdle-stead,= place for the girdle, i.e. the waist. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, v. 538; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 2 (Flavia). - -=girl,= a roebuck in its second year. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. -143. ME. _gerle_, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4, back. - -=girn,= a ‘grin’, a grim smile. Davenant, The Wits, iv (near the end). -See =gern.= - -=girt,= to gird, surround with a girdle. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 171; 2 Hen. -VI, i. 1. 65. - -=girt,= _pp._ of =gird,= q.v. - -=gist,= pl. _gists_, the stopping-places or stages in a monarch’s -progress; ‘Gists or Gests of the Queen’s Progress, i.e. a Bill or -Writing that contains the Names of the Towns or Houses where she intends -to lie upon the Way’, Phillips, Dict. (ed. 1706). OF. _giste_ (F. -_gîte_), resting- or stopping-place. See =gest.= - -=gite,= used by Peele for splendour, magnificence, Tale of Troy (ed. -Dyce, p. 558, col. 1); David and Bathsheba (p. 473, col. 2). Fairfax -uses the word _gite_ for some kind of apparel, ‘Phœbus . . . dond a gite -in deepest purple dide’, tr. of Tasso, xiii. 54. 245. ME. _gyte_, a -shirt or mantle (?) (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3954); OF. _guite_ (Godefroy). - -=giusts,= ‘justs’, tournaments. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 39. - -=give on,= to advance; ‘And eager flames give on’, Dryden, Annus -Mirabilis, st. 280; ‘The enemy gives on, by fury led’, Dryden, Indian -Emperor, ii. 3; ‘Where he gives on’, Waller, Instructions to a Painter, -213. - -=given,= _pp._ with an adverb, affected, disposed, inclined; ‘cardinally -given’, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 81; ‘lewdly given’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 469; -virtuously given’, id., iii. 3. 16; ‘well given’, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 72; -‘cannibally given’, Coriolanus, iv. 5. 200. - -=glade:= phr. _to go to glade_, to set; said of the sun. Puttenham, Eng. -Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11, p. 116; ‘The sunne was gone to glade’, Udall, tr. -of Erasmus, Paraphr. on Matt. viii. 18. The phrase is cited as in use in -Ireland; see EDD. (s.v. Glade). ME. ‘þe sonne ȝede to glade’ (Trevisa, -tr. Higden, v. 189). Cp. Norw. dial. _glada_, to go down, to set (of the -sun); see Aasen. - -=glaire, glayre,= the white of an egg; any viscid or slimy substance. -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 25. Hence _glaired_, smeared, Marston, Sat. iii. -32. ME. _gleyre_, ‘glarea’ (Prompt. EETS. 193); OF. _glaire_, the white -of an egg (Hatzfeld). See =glere.= - -=glaster,= to bawl. Douglas, Aeneis, viii, Prol. 47. ‘To glaister’ -occurs in Scottish poetry, meaning to bawl or bark, also, to babble, to -talk indistinctly (EDD.). - -=glastynge,= barking like a dog, howling. Morte Arthur, leaf 251. 24; -bk. x, c. 53. For _glatising_, cp. OF. _glatisant_, pres. pt. of -_glatir_, to cry aloud, howl (Ch. Rol. 3527). - -=glaver,= to flatter, wheedle. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); -Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 198. ‘To glaver’ is in prov. use in the north -country down to Shropsh. and Bedfordsh., meaning ‘to flatter, wheedle, -talk endearingly to’, see EDD. (s.v. Glaver, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _glavir_, -chattering (Wars Alex. 5504). - -=glaymy,= sticky, slimy. Skelton, Ag. Garnesche, iii. 168. ME. _gleymy_ -(Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Gleimy); _gleyme_, ‘gluten’, _gleymows_, -‘limosus’ (Prompt. 192, 193). - -=glaze,= to make to shine like glass. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. -2. Hence, _Glaze-worm_, a glow-worm, Lyly, Euphues, 91. An E. Anglian -word (EDD.). ME. _glasyn_, ‘vitrio’ (Prompt. EETS). - -=glaze,= to stare, gaze intently. Jul. Caes. i. 3. 21. Still in use in -Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). Cp. G. dial. (Alsace) _gläse_, ‘stieren, -scharf u. feurig sehen, sauer sehen’ (Martin-Lienhart). - -=glaziers,= eyes; a cant term. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor), -Harman, Caveat, p. 82; ‘Toure out [look out] with your glaziers’, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=glee:= in phr. _gold and glee_; ‘Not for gold nor glee will I abyde By -you’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32. Perhaps _glee_ in this phr. refers to the -bright colour of gold; see NED. - -=gleeke,= a game at cards, played by three persons. B. Jonson, Devil an -Ass, v. 2; a set of three court cards of the same rank in one hand -(NED.); hence, a set of three, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth). -OF. _glic_ (_ghelicque_). Probably adopted fr. Du. _gelyk_, ‘like’ -(Sewel); cp. G. _gleich_. - -=gleering,= casting sly, cunning glances; ‘That glering Foxe’, Tyndale, -on Matt. vi. 19 (Works, ed. 1572, p. 231); ‘Such a gleering eye’, Return -from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Furor). - -=glent,= glowing, bright; ‘Her eyen glent’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 993. - -=glent,= a slip, a fall. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1687. - -=glere,= the white of an egg; a similar slimy substance; ‘This slimy -glere’, Mirror for Mag., Morindus, st. 1 and st. 15. See =glaire.= - -=glib,= to geld. Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 149; Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 -(2 Soldier). See =lib.= - -=glibbery,= slippery, smooth, soft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 -(Crispinus); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Aneleutherus). A -Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Glib, adj. 1 (4)), Du. _glibberig_, -slippery (Sewel). - -=glidder,= to cover with a smooth glaze. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 -(Wit). In use in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). - -=glimpse, glimse,= to shine faintly, to glimmer. Surrey, The Forsaken -Lover, 5, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 23; to appear faintly, Drayton, Barons’ -Wars, bk. v, st. 45; to dawn; P. Fletcher, Purple Island, bk. xii, st. -46. Cp. the Devon expression for twilight, ‘The dimmet or glimpse of the -evening’ (EDD.). - -=glint,= slippery; ‘The stones be full glint’, Skelton, Garl. of -Laurell, 572. Cp. Swed. dial. _glinta_, to slip on ice (Rietz). - -=gloat, glote,= to look askance, to look furtively. Gascoigne, Complaint -of Philomene (ed. Arber, p. 96); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 -(Chilax); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 150. See NED. - -=glode,= _pt. t._, glided. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 23. ME. _glood_, -glided, went quickly (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2094); OE. _glād_, pt. t. of -_glīdan_. - -=glomming,= ‘glumming’, sullenness. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1 (end); -‘I glome, I loke under the browes or make a louryng countenance’, -Palsgrave. - -=glooming,= gloomy, dark, dismal. Romeo, v. 3. 305. - -=glore,= to glow, to shine; ‘The gloring light’, Return from Parnassus, -i. 1 (p. 8). Norw. dial. _glora_, to shine, to sparkle (Aasen); also -Swed. dial. (Rietz). - -=glorious,= vainglorious, boastful. Bacon, Essay 34 (near end); Beaumont -and Fl., Thierry, ii. 1 (Thierry). L. _gloriosus_, vainglorious. - -=glory,= to glorify, to honour, to adorn, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 16; -‘The troop that gloried Venus at her wedding-day’, Greene and Lodge, -Looking Glasse, i. 1. 108. - -=glote;= see =gloat.= - -=gnarl,= to snarl. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 192; to grumble, complain, -‘Gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite’, Richard II, i. 3. 292. Cp. -north Lincoln dialect, ‘She’s alust a gnarlin’ at me aboot sumthing’ -(EDD.). - -=gnarre,= to snarl, growl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 34. In prov. use (EDD.). -_Gnarren_ is found in many Low German dialects, see Dähnert and the -Bremen Wtb. (EDD.). - -=gnast,= to gnash the teeth. Morte Arthur, leaf 103, back, 16; bk. vi, -c. 15; ‘I gnaste with the tethe’, Palsgrave. ME. _gnastyn_, ‘fremo, -strideo’ (Prompt. EETS. 207, see note, no. 946). - -=gnathonical,= resembling Gnatho, a parasite or sycophant in Terence. -Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 317 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1). - -=gnoff, gnuff,= a churl, boor, lout; ‘The chubbyshe gnof’, Drant, tr. of -Horace, Sat. i. 1; _gnuffe_, Turbervile, A Mirror of the Fall of Pride, -st. 5. ME. _gnof_, a churl (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3188). Cp. Low G. -_gnuffig_, _knuffig_, rough, coarse, unmannerly (Koolman). So NED. - -=go to pot;= see =pot.= - -=goawle,= gullet; ‘Their throtes haue puffed goawles’ (riming with -_joawles_, jowls); Golding, Metam. vi. 377 (L. inflataque colla -tumescunt). Norm. F. _goule_ (F. _gueule_), L. _gula_, the gullet. - -=gob,= a gobbet, piece, morsel. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79, l. 1. In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=go bet,= go quickly, hurry up. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 332. _Go bet_, -lit. go better, i.e. go quicker; hence, used like the modern ‘look -sharp’ or ‘hurry up’. Prob. orig. a hunting cry, as in Chaucer, Leg. -Good Women, Dido, 288. Once common. ME. _bet_, better (Chaucer, Tr. and -Cr. iii. 714), OE. _bet_. - -=go by, Jeronimo,= or =go by,= i.e. pass on, wait a little. A very -common quotation, used in ridicule, from Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12. -31. In the original used by Hieronimo, or Jeronimo, to himself. Finding -his application to the king improper at the moment, he says: ‘Hieronimo, -beware! _go by, go by_.’ See Tam. Shrew, Induction, i. 9. - -=go less,= to stake less, in a card game. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. -6; iv. 4; ‘We’ll have no going less’, Little French Lawyer, iii. 2 (La -Writ). - -=God before,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Hen. V, i. 2. -370. See =God to fore.= - -=god den,= good evening; _God you god den_, God (give) you good e’en, -Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 163; _God dig-you-den_, L. L. L. iv. 1. 42; _God -gi’ god-den_, Romeo, i. 2. 58; _god den_, Yorksh. Tragedy, ii. 120. -Still in use in Scotland and in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Good-den). - -=God to fore,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Kyd, Cornelia, -iii. 2. 69. ME. _God to-forn_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1049). See =God -before.= - -=god-phere,= a godfather. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Clench). Cp. -the Devon ‘godfer’ (= godfather), see EDD. (s.v. Gatfer). - -=gofe,= the quantity of corn or hay laid up in one bay or division of a -barn; a ‘goaf’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 20; ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche -as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye’, Palsgrave. In E. -Anglia _goaf_ (_gofe_, _goff_) is used for the bay of a barn, and for -the corn or hay laid up in the bay, see EDD. (s.v. Goaf, sb.^{1} 1 and -4). ME. _golf_ of corne, ‘archonium’ (Prompt. EETS. 195, see note, no. -893); Icel. _gōlf_, a floor, apartment, cp. Dan. _gulv_, a bay of a -barn. See =gove, gulfe.= - -=goggle, gogle,= to roll one’s eyes; ‘He gogled his eyesight’, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 459; to stare, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 120. - -=gold,= marigold; corn marigold; _golds_, pl., corn marigold, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 20. 25; _gouldes_, id. § 20. 25; _gooldes_, -Spenser, Colin Clout, 341. ME. _golde_, marigold (Chaucer, C. T. A. -1929; _goolde_, ‘solsequium, elitropium’ (Prompt. EETS. see note, no. -892); _golde_, the sunflower (Gower, C. A. v. 6780). See Napier’s Old -English Glosses, 26. 36 (note). OE. _golde_, ‘solsequia’ (Voc. 301. 6). - -=gold-end man,= a man who buys odds and ends of gold and silver. B. -Jonson, ii. 1 (Dol); Eastward Ho, v. 1 (Gertrude). - -=goldfinch,= a piece of gold, piece of money. (Cant.) Middleton, Blurt, -Mr. Constable, iv. 1. 9. [Ainsworth, Rookwood, II, ii (EDD.).] - -=gold-finder,= a jocular term for a cleanser of cesspools. Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto). Cp. _gold-digger_, a ‘jakesman’, and -_gold-dust_, ordure, Warwickshire words, see EDD. (s.v. Gold, 1 (1 and -2)). - -=gold-weights,= small weights, for weighing small portions of gold. -Hence, _to the gold-weights_ (weighed even down to grains, even in small -particulars), B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). See =caract.= - -=golilla,= a kind of starched collar. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, -iv. 1 (Monsieur); see Stanford. Span. _golilla_, ‘a little Band worn in -Spain, starch’d stiff, and sticking out under the Chin like a Ruff’ -(Stevens); _gola_, the gullet, L. _gula_. - -=golls,= hands. (Cant.) Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Uberto); -Woman-hater, v. 5 (2nd Lady); Tourneur, Revengers’ Tragedy, v. 1 -(Vindici). Still in use in Essex (EDD.). - -=golpol,= prob. for _gold-poll_ (cp. _goldilocks_); a term of endearment -for a child. Jacob and Esau, v. 10 (Esau). - -=gomme,= a god-mother; ‘_Commere_ . . . a gomme’, Cotgrave; ‘A scornful -Gom’, Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Ricardo). ME. _gome_, ‘a godmoder’ -(Cath. Angl. 161). - -=gong,= ‘latrina’. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, 2nd Song, st. 7; ‘Gonge, a -draught, _ortrait_’, Palsgrave; ‘Gonge, _forica_’, Levins, Manipulus. -ME. _gonge_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 885); OE. _gong_ (_gang_), ‘secessus’ -(Ælfric Gl.). - -=good cheap,= cheap. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), (ed. Dyce, p. 42); -Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 125. ME. _good chep_(_e_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -iii. 641). Cp. F. _à bon marché_. See Dict. (s.v. Cheap). - -=good fellow,= a thief. (Cant.) Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (2 Bandit); -Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre, Host). - -=good year=(=s,= used as a meaningless expletive in the exclamation, -‘What the good-yere’ (good-year). Merry Wives, i. 4. 129; Much Ado, i. -3. 1; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 64 and 191. Cp. the Northampton expression, -‘What the goodgers be that?’, and the Devon sentence, ‘Our vokes wonder -what the goodgers a come o’ me’, see EDD. Low G. (Pomeranian dialect) -‘_Wat to ’m goden Jaar?_, sagt man, wenn man sich über schlechte -Handlungen wundert’ (Dähnert). - -=goom,= a man. Grimald, Prayse of measurekepyng, 17, in Tottel’s Misc., -p. 109. ME. _gome_, a man (Wars Alex., see Glossarial Index); OE. -_guma_. - -=gords;= see =gourdes.= - -=gorebelly,= a fat paunch; a man having a fat paunch. North, tr. of -Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 7 (in Shak. Plut., p. 11, n. 4); hence -_gorbellied_, fat, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 93. - -=gorreau,= the yoke of draught animals. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246. -1. OF. _goherel_, _gorel_, _gorreau_, a yoke (Godefroy); _gorriau_, -‘collier de cheval’ (Didot); see Ducange (s.v. Gorgia, 2). - -=Gospel-tree.= ‘The boundaries of the township of Wolverhampton are in -many points marked out by what are called Gospel-trees, from the custom -of having the Gospel read under or near them by the clergyman attending -the parochial perambulations’, Shaw, Staffordsh., II, i. 165; ‘Dearest -bury me Under that Holy oke or Gospel-tree’, Herrick, Hesperides, To -Anthea. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 109). - -=gossampine,= a cotton-like substance, made from the _Bombax -pentandrum_. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1377); p. 135, col. 1; -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xii, ch. 11. L. _gossympinus_, a cotton-tree -(Pliny). - -=gossander,= the ‘goosander’, _Mergus merganser_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 65. -With the suffix _-ander_ cp. _bergander_, an old name for the sheldrake, -and the ON. _önd_, pl. _ander_, a duck (NED.). - -=gossip,= a godparent. Two Gent. iii. 1. 269; Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 41. In -prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). See Dict. - -=gouland, gowland,= a yellow flower; a name given to various kinds of -_Ranunculus_, _Caltha_, and _Trollius_. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary -(Shepherd, 1. 6). ‘As yalla as a gollan’ is a common Northumberland -expression; see EDD. (s.v. Gowlan(d). - -=gourdes,= false dice, for gaming; ‘What false dise vse they? as dise -. . . of a vauntage, flattes, gourdes to chop and change whan they -lyste’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54); spelt _gords_, Beaumont and -Fl., Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (E. Loveless). OF. _gourd_, ‘fourberie’ -(Godefroy). - -=gove,= to ‘goave’; to lay up corn in a ‘goaf’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. -10, 23. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Goave). ME. _golvyn_, -‘arconiso’ (Prompt. EETS. 207). Cp. Dan. _gulve_, to stack in the bay of -a barn. See =gofe.= - -=gow,= for _go we_, let us go; ‘Gow, wife, gow’, Three Lords and Three -Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 440; _gaw_, let’s be gone, Triumphs of -Love and Fortune, in the same, vi. 183. ‘Gow’ (‘let us go’) is still -common in the Lakeland, and in E. Anglia as an invitation to accompany -the speaker, see EDD. (s.v. Go, 2 (b)). ME. _gowe_ (P. Plowman, B, Prol. -226). - -=gowked,= stupefied. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Keep). Cp. -‘gowk’, the north-country word for the cuckoo; applied _fig._ to a fool, -simpleton, a clumsy, awkward fellow (EDD.). ME. _goke_, ‘cuculus’ (Cath. -Angl.), Icel. _gaukr_, cp. G. _gauch_. - -=gowles,= ‘gules’, red. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 286. 17. OF. _goules_ -(F. _gueules_). See Dict. (s.v. Gules). - -=gowndy,= (of the eyes) full of sore matter. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 34; -_gunny_, Meriton, Praise Ale, 263; Skinner, Etym. ME. _gownde_ off þe -eye, ‘albugo’ (Prompt. EETS. 197, see note, no. 905). OE. _gund_, matter -of a sore. - -=gownest,= for _gownist_, one who is entitled to wear a gown, a lawyer. -Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, ch. 27, st. 53. - -=grabble,= to grope after, to grapple with, to handle roughly. Dryden, -Prol. to Disappointment, 60; ‘He . . . keeps a-grabling and a-fumbling’ -(i.e. feeling with his hands), Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 99). In -prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). Du. _grabbelen_, to scramble, -or to catch that catch may (Hexham). - -=Gracious Street,= Gracechurch Street. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. -4 (Hodge); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Y. Chartley); Fair Maid -of the Exchange, i. 1 (Shaks. Soc. 29). Originally _Grass Church_, -‘Higher in Grasse Street is the Parish Church of St. Bennet, called -Grasse Church, of the herb market there kept’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, -80). - -=grail, grayle,= the ‘gradual’, an antiphon sung between the Epistle and -Gospel; when the deacon was ascending the step of the ambo or -reading-desk; ‘He shall syng the grayle’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 441. -ME. _grayle_, ‘gradale’ (Prompt.). OF. _graël_, Eccles. L. _gradale_, -_graduale_. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Gradual). - -=grain,= the dye made from the Scarlet Grain (Kermes); ‘The Scarlet -grain which commeth of the Ilex’, Holland, Pliny, i. 461; _to dye in -grain_, to dye in scarlet grain, also, in any fast or permanent colour, -hence, _in grain_, in permanent colour, Com. Errors, iii. 2. 108; -Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 255; _grain_, permanent colour, ‘All in a robe of -darkest grain’, Milton, Il Pens. 33. F. _graine_, ‘grain wherewith cloth -is died in grain’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. _grana_, ‘bacca cujusdam arboris’ -(Ducange). - - =grained,= ingrained, dyed in ‘grain’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 90. - -=grain,= a bough or branch. Bp. Hall, Sat. Defiance to Envie, 5; -_grains_, the prongs of a forked stick, fork, or fish-spear, ‘With three -graines like an ele speare’, Holland, Suetonius, 147; the lower limbs, -Drayton, Pol. i. 495. ‘Grain’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of -England and Scotland in many senses, esp. a branch or bough of a tree, -and the prong or tine of a fork, see EDD. (s.v. Grain, sb.^{1} 1 and 5). -Icel. _grein_, a branch of a tree, an arm of the sea. - - =grained staff,= a staff forked at the top, Fitzherbert, - Husbandry, § 41. 9. - -=graithe,= to prepare, array. Morte Arthur, leaf 86. 34; bk. v, c. 7. In -common prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England (EDD.). ME. -_graythe_, to prepare, get ready (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). Icel. -_greiða_. - -=grammates,= rudiments, first principles. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 3 -(Orgilus). Gk. γράμματα, the letters of the alphabet. - -=grandguard,= a piece of plate armour, covering the breast and left -shoulder, affixed to the breastplate by screws, and hooked on to the -helmet. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 72. - -=graner,= a ‘garner’, granary. Drayton, Pol. iii. 258. - -=grange,= a country-house; a lonely dwelling. Meas. iii. 1. 279; -Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Delavil). In various parts of England -the term ‘grange’ is used for a small mansion or farm-house, esp. one -standing by itself remote from other dwellings (EDD.). See Dict. - -†=gratuling,= congratulating; ‘His gratuling speech’, Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). Only in this passage. OF. _gratuler_, L. -_gratulari_, to congratulate. - -=Grave,= a Count; a title. Used of Prince Maurice of Nassau; Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, i. 2 (Bobadilla); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2. Du. _Grave_, -an Earle or a Count (Hexham); cp. G. _Graf_. - -†=graved.= ‘O, that these gravèd hairs of mine were covered in the -clay!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. Perhaps a -misprint for _grayed_, become grey; see =graye.= - -=gravelled,= stranded; hence, brought to a stand, perplexed. As You Like -It, iv. 1. 74; North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., -p. 177, n. 1). - -=gray,= a badger; _grice of a gray_, lit. pig of a badger, cub of a -badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). Formerly in prov. use in -the north country, and in Wilts., Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. -Grey, sb.^{1} 6). ME. _grey_, ‘taxus’ (Prompt. 209, see Way’s note). - -=graye,= to become grey; ‘In learning Socrates lives, grayes and dyes’ -(Sylvester); see NED. (s.v. Grey, vb.). - -=grease;= see =greece.= - -=greave,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 42; vi. 2. 43; Drayton, -Pol. xiii. 116; ‘Greave or busshe, _boscaige_’, Palsgrave. ‘Greave’ -occurs in local names near Sheffield, and appears as a Lancashire word -in EDD. ME. _greve_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1507), OE. _grǣfa_, a bush -(Chron. 852). - -=grece,= a flight of stairs or steps; ‘The greece of the quire’, Bacon, -Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 162); _greese_, a single step or stair in a flight, -Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 67); _greise_, Two Noble -Kinsmen, ii. 1. 34; greese (grice), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 138; Timon, iv. -3. 16; Othello, i. 3. 200; ‘_Eschelette_, a small step or greece’, -Cotgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Grees). ME. _grees_, steps, stairs (Wyclif, -Acts xxi. 35). OF. _grés_, pl. of _gré_, ‘marche d’un escalier’ (La -Curne), L. _gradus_, a step. See =gressinges.= - -=gredaline;= see =gridelin.= - -=gree,= a step or degree in honour or rank. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, -215; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 175 (Orlando). _To win the gree_, to win -the highest degree, superiority, mastery, victory, Morte Arthur, bk. x, -ch. 21. See EDD. (s.v. Gree, sb.^{1}). ME. _gree_ (Rom. Rose, 2116), OF. -_gré_, ‘degré, rang’ (La Curne). - -=gree,= favour, goodwill. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; _in gree_, with -goodwill or favour, kindly, in good part: _to take in gree_, F. Q. v. 6. -21; _to receive in gree_, Gascoigne, Jocasta, iii. 1 (Manto). Cp. F. _en -gré_, in good part (Cotgr., s.v. Gré), L. _gratum_, a pleasant thing. - -=gree,= short for _agree_. Greene, Friar Bungay, ii. 3 (744), scene 6. -130 (W.); p. 162, col. 1 (D.); Daniel, Philotas, p. 195 (Nares); Sh. -Sonn. cxiv. - -=greece, herte of,= a hart of grease, a good fat hart, in prime -condition. Morte Arthur, leaf 283, back, 22; bk. x, c. 86. See =hart of -grease.= - -=green,= youthful, of tender age; ‘Green virginity’, Timon, iv. 1. 7; -raw, inexperienced, simple, ‘A green girl’, Hamlet, i. 3. 101; ‘green -minds’, Othello, ii. 1. 250; silly, ‘green songs’, Two Noble Kinsmen, -iv. 3. 61. - -=green gown;= to give a lass a green gown, to throw her down upon the -grass, so that the gown was stained. Greene, George-a-Greene, ii. 3 -(Jenkin); Middleton, Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Chough). - -=green lion,= a stage in the process of transmutation of metals. B. -Jonson, ii. 1 (Face). - -=Greensleeves, Lady Greensleeves,= the names of a once well-known ballad -and tune. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 64; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 4 -(Petruchio). See Roxburgh Ballads, vi. 398. - -=greete,= to weep, cry, lament, grieve, Spenser, Sheph. Kal., April, 1; -weeping and complaint, ib., August. In common prov. use in Scotland, -Ireland, and north of England including Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. -Greet, vb.^{1}). ME. _greten_, to weep (Wars Alex. 4370). OE. _grǣtan_ -(Anglian, _grētan_), to weep. - -=grement,= ‘agreement’. Mirror for Mag., Cade, st. 1. - -=gresco,= an old game at cards. Eastward Ho, iv. 1 [_or_ 2] -(Touchstone); see Nares; ‘Hazard or Gresco’ (Florio, s.v. Massáre). - -=gresle,= slender. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 27. OF. _gresle_ -(F. _grêle_); L. _gracilis_, slender. - -=gressinges,= steps, stairs; ‘There is another way to go doune, by -gressinges’, Latimer, 6 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 170). Cp. EDD. -(s.v. Grissens). See =grece.= - -=grewnde,= a greyhound. Golding, Metam. i. 533; fol. 9, back (1603); -Harington, Ariosto, xxiv. 52; _grewhound_, Bellenden, Boece, I. xxxi -(NED.). ME. _gre-hownde_ (Prompt. Harl. MS.). Icel. _greyhundr_, also, -_grey_, a greyhound. See NED. (s.v. Greund). - -=grice,= a pig, esp. a young pig; ‘_Marcassin_, a young wild boar . . . -or grice’, Cotgrave; ‘Bring the Head of the Sow to the Tail of the -Grice’ (i.e. balance your Loss with your Gain), Kelly, Scot. Prov. 62. -Also, the young of a badger, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel) (see -=gray=). Still in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. -_gryse_, pygge, ‘porcellus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 916). Icel. -_grīss_, a young pig; so Norw. dial. _gris_ (Aasen). - -=grice;= see =grece.= - -=gride,= for _grided_, pp. of _gride_, to pierce. Drayton, Pol. xxii. -1491. - -=gridelin,= of a pale purple or violet colour; Dryden seems to say it -was a colour between white and green. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 343. -Spelt _gredaline_, The Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 (Wanton). F. _gridelin_, -for _gris de lin_ (i.e. of the grey colour of flax), see Hatzfeld. - -=grill, gryll,= fierce. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 6. ME. _gril_, fierce -(Cursor M. 719); Low G. _grel_(_l_, angry (Koolman). - -†=grindle-tail,= a kind of dog. Only in Fletcher, Island Princess, v. 3 -(2 Townsman). Perhaps a misprint for _trindle-tail_ (_trundle-tail_). -See NED. - -=gripe,= a griffin; ‘Grypes make their nests of gold’, Lyly, Galathea, -ii. 3; a vulture, Lucrece, 543. OF. _grip_, griffin. See =gryphon.= - -=gripe’s egg,= a large egg supposed to be that of a ‘gripe’, hence, an -oval-shaped cup. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Cp. ME. _gripes -ey_ (Gower, C. A. i. 2545). - -=gripple,= greedy, grasping. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; vi. 4. 6; Drayton, -Pol. i. 106; xiii. 22. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OE. _gripel_. - -=gris-amber,= ambergris or grey amber. Milton, P. R. ii. 344. See Dict. -(s.v. Amber). - -=grisping,= twilight; either morning or evening. Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 233). Cp. the phr. _in the gropsing of the evening_, in the dusk, -Records Quarter Sessions (ann. 1606); see EDD. - -=grissel, gristle,= a tender or delicate person; ‘She is but a gristle’, -Udall, Roister Doister, i 4. 24; ‘I love no grissels’, Lyly, Endimion, -v. 2 (Sir Tophas). See NED. (s.v. Gristle, 3). - -=groin,= the snout; hence, a contemptuous term for the face. Golding, -Metam. xiv. 292 (fol. 170); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 34. ME. _groyn_, a -pig’s snout (Chaucer, C. T. I. 158). O. Prov. _gronh_, ‘groin, museau’ -(Levy). See =Groyne.= - -=groin,= to growl; ‘Beares that groynd’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27; -_groyning_, murmuring, Turnbull, Expos. James, 202 (NED). ME. _groynen_, -to murmur (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2460). OF. _grogner_, to grunt, L. -_grunnire_. - -=groom-porter,= an officer of the royal household (till the time of -George III); he was privileged to provide gaming-tables, cards, and -dice. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); Dryden, Prol. to Don -Sebastian, l. 24. - -=grought,= growth, increase. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 101; xxiii. -289. - -=ground,= the plain-song or melody on which a descant is raised; also, -the ground-bass. Richard III, iii. 7. 49; Edw. III, ii. 1. 122; ‘The -tenor-part, the treble, and the ground’, B. Jonson, Love’s Welcome at -Welbeck, 2 Chorus. - -=grout,= coarse porridge, made with whole meal. Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 28. Icel. _grautr_, porridge. - -=grout-head, growthead,= a blockhead, thickhead. Tusser, Husbandry (ed. -1878, 115); ‘Those Turbanto grout-heads’, Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, 39; ‘_Il -a une grosse teste_, he is a verie blockhead, grouthead, joulthead’, -Cotgrave; Urquhart’s Rabelais, I, xxv (Davies). ‘Grout-headed’ -(thick-headed) is known in Sussex (EDD.). - -=groutnoll,= a blockhead, thickhead, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning -Pestle, ii. 3 (Wife). - -=growt,= great. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song). Du. -_groot_, great. - -=groyle,= to move, move forward; ‘He groyleth’ (L. _graditur_), -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 678. Hence, _groyl_, one who is ever on -the move, id., iv 179. F. _grouiller_, ‘to move, stir’ (Cotgr.). - -=Groyne, the,= name given by sailors to Corunna, the sea-port in Spain. -De Foe, Rob. Crusoe, I. xix. The name appears in the 14th cent., -‘Vocatur _Le Groyne_; est in mare ut rostrum porci’, Pol. Poems (Rolls -Ser. i. 112). See =groin.= - -=grubble,= to grope, feel; ‘Now, let me roll and grubble thee’ (spoken -of a lot which he has taken in his hand, before drawing it out), Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Antonio). - -=grudgins,= coarse meal; ‘_Annone_, meslin or grudgins, the corne -whereof browne bread is made for the meynie’, Cotgrave; Fletcher and -Rowley, Maid of Mill, iii. 3. 17. Formerly in prov. use in the Midlands -(EDD.). Cp. F. _grugeons_, lumps of crystalline sugar in brown sugar; in -Cotgrave ‘the smallest fruit on a tree’. See =gurgeons.= - -=grum,= surly, cross, ‘glum’. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Old -Bellair); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. 1 (Novel). In prov. use in many -parts of England, also in America (Franklin’s Autobiography, 51), see -Century Dict. and EDD. Norw. dial. _grum_, proud, haughty (Aasen), Dan. -_grum_, fierce, angry. - -†=grumbledory,= a grumbler, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 -(Carlo). - -=grunter,= a pig. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). In common prov. use -in the north country (EDD.). - -=grunting-cheat,= a pig; lit. ‘a thing that grunts’; from _cheat_, a -cant word used in the general sense of ‘thing’. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, -v. 1 (Ferret); Harman, Caveat, p. 83; also _gruntling-cheat_, Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =cheat.= - -=grutch,= to ‘grudge’, repine, murmur. Udall, Paraph. Erasmus, fo. -cccxlv; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 34; ‘I grutche, I repyne agaynst a thyng, -_Je grommelle_’, Palsgrave. A Lancashire and E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. -_grucche_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3863). OF. (Picard) _groucher_ (OF. -_grocer_), ‘murmurer’ (La Curne). See Moisy (s.v. Groucher). - -=gryphon,= a fabulous monster, a kind of lion with an eagle’s head; a -griffin. Milton, P. L. ii. 943; spelt _gryfon_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 8. -F. ‘_griffon_, a gripe or griffon’ (Cotgr.). - -=G-sol-re-ut,= in old music, the octave of the lower G or lowest note in -the old scale. It was denoted by the letter G, and sung to the syllable -_sol_ when it occurred in the second hexachord, which began with C; to -the syllable _re_ in the third hexachord, which began with F; and to the -syllable _ut_ when it began the fourth hexachord. Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, c. 11, p. 104. - -=guard,= an ornamental border or trimming on a garment. Much Ado, i. 1. -289. ‘The orig. meaning may have been that of a binding to keep the edge -of the cloth from fraying’, NED. - -=guarish,= to cure, heal. Spenser. F. Q. iii. 5. 41; iv. 3. 29. OF. -_guarir_, _garir_ (Gower, Mirour, 2278). O. Prov. _garir_, ‘guérir, -préserver, sauver’ (Levy). - -=gubbe,= a lump, quantity; ‘Some good gubbe of money’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Socrates, § 31; _gubs_, pl., ‘gubs of blood’, Phaer, tr. of -Aeneid, iii. 632 (Lat. _saniem_). - -=gudgeon,= a small fish, often used as bait for a larger one; phr. _to -swallow_ _a gudgeon_, to be caught, to be befooled, alluded to in -Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv (Mugeron). See EDD. - -=gue,= a rogue; also, a term of endearment. Given by Nares and NED. as -used by Richard Brathwaite in his _Honest Ghost_, in two passages, -first, of a sharper who had taken a purse, secondly, as a term of -familiar endearment, ‘I was her ingle, gue, her sparrow bill’, p. 139. -The word occurs in some copies of Webster, White Devil: ‘Pretious gue’, -iii. 3. 99 (Lodovico); ed. Dyce, p. 26. Nares supposes it to be the same -word as F. _gueux_, a beggar, a rogue, which conjecture NED. accepts. - -=guerie, guierie,= sudden passion; ‘Euery sodain guerie or pangue’, -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 6; ‘This pangue or guierie of loue’, -id., Diogenes, § 112. Only occurs in Udall. See =gere= (2) and =gery.= - -=guerison,= cure, healing. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 453, l. 13; i. -466. F. _guérison_; OF. _guarison_, _garison_ (Bartsch), Anglo-F. -_gariscun_ (Gower, Mirour, 420). See =guarish.= - -=guess;= see =gesse.= - -=guidon,= a flag or pennant, broad near the staff and forked or pointed -at the other end. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 251; Barons’ Wars, bk. ii, st. -24. F. _guidon_, ‘a standard, ensign, or banner under which a troop of -men at arms do serve; also he that bears it’ (Cotgr.); _guydon_ -(Rabelais). O. Prov. _guidon_, _guizon_, étendard (Levy); Ital. -‘_guidóne_, a guidon, a banner or cornet’ (Florio). - -=guie, guy,= to guide, lead; also _gye_, Palsgrave; ‘He guies’, Fairfax, -tr. of Tasso, i. 49; _guide_ (for _guyed_), pt. t., id., i. 63. ME. -_gye_, to guide (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1950); Anglo-F. _guïer_ (Ch. Rol.). - -=guisarme,= a kind of battle-axe or halberd. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -202, back, 23, 29. Norm. F. _guisarme_, ‘sorte d’arme, hache ou -demi-pique’ (Didot). See NED. (s.v. Gisarme). - -=guitonen,= a lazy beggar. Middleton, Game at Chess, i. 1 (B. Knight). -Span. _guiton_, ‘a lazy Beggar, that goes about in the Habit of a -Pilgrim, only to live idle’ (Stevens). - -=guives,= fetters, ‘gyves’. Lord Cromwell, ii. 2. 3. Anglo-F. _guives_, -_gyves_ (French Chron., London, ed. Camden, 89). - -=gulch,= to swallow or devour greedily; ‘_Ingorgare_, to engurgle, . . . -to gulch’ (Florio); _gulch_, a glutton or drunkard, B. Jonson, -Poetaster, iii. 4; Brewer, Lingua, v. 16; ‘Engorgeur, a glutton, gulch’, -Cotgrave. The verb ‘to gulch’ is in prov. use in various parts of -England from Yorkshire to Cornwall (EDD.). ME. _gulchen_ (Ancren Riwle, -240). - -=gule,= to redden, to dye red. Heywood, Iron Age, Pt. II, vol. iii, p. -357. See Dict. (s.v. Gules). - -=gulfe,= a ‘goaf’, a quantity of hay or corn laid up in a barn. Golding, -Metam. vi. 456 (ed. 1603, fol. 73); ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche as may -lye bytwene two postes, otherwise a baye’, Palsgrave. See =gofe.= - -=gull,= to swallow, guzzle; ‘I gulle in drinke, as great drinkers do, -_je engoule_’, Palsgrave; Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 19; Chapman, -tr. of Iliad, xxi. 132. Du. _gullen_, ‘to swallow or devoure’ (Hexham). - -=gull,= a breach made by the force of a torrent, a fissure, chasm. -Golding, Metam. ix. 106; to sweep away by force of running water, ‘And -hilles by force of gulling oft have into sea been worne’, id., xv. 267. -An E. Anglian word (EDD.). - -=gummed;= see =fret.= - -=gundolet,= for _gondolet_, a small gondola. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, -iii. 2 (Piero). It occurs twice in this scene. - -=gunny;= see =gowndy.= - -=gun-hole groat,= some kind of groat or coin, that seems to have been -prized. The meaning of the epithet is unknown. ‘For gunne-hole grotes -the countrie clowne doth care’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 27; -Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 66. - -=gunstone,= a stone used for the shot of a cannon or gun. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 10. 19; Hen. V, i. 2. 282; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5. 2. - -=gup, guep,= an exclamation of impatience; get along!; ‘Gup! morell, -gup!’, Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). See =marry gip.= - -=gurgeons,= coarse refuse from flour; ‘The bran usuallie called gurgeons -or pollard’, Harrison, Descr. England, ii. 6 (ed. Furnivall, 154); -‘Gurgions of meal, _cibarium secundarium_’, Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov. -use in the S. Midlands and south-west counties (EDD.). See =grudgins.= - -=gutter,= of a stag’s horn; see =antlier.= - -=Guttide,= Shrovetide, also, Shrove Tuesday. Middleton, Family of Love, -iv. 1 (Mis. P.). ‘Guttit’ is in common prov. use in Cheshire for -Shrovetide; _goodit_ in Staffordshire. Orig. _good tide_, see EDD. (s.v. -Gooddit). - -=guzzle,= a gutter, drain; ‘a narow ditch’, Marston, Scourge of -Villainy, Sat. vii. 39; ‘A filthy stinking guzzle or ditch’, Whately, -Bride Bush, 114 (Cent. Dict.). In prov. use in the Midlands, also in -Sussex and Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Guzzle, sb.^{1} 1). - -=gymnosophist,= one of a sect of Hindu philosophers of ascetic habits. -B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles (Merefool); Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 -(Borachia); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 196. Gk. Γυμνοσοφισταί, the naked -philosophers of India (Aristotle). - - - - - H - - -=ha and ree,= words of command to a horse to direct it. Heywood, 1 Edw. -IV (Hobs) (vol. i. 44); _hey and ree_, Micro-Cynicon, Halliwell (s.v. -Ree). In prov. use, ree is an exclamation made by the carter to bid the -leading horse of a team to turn or bear to the right, see EDD. (s.v. -Rec, int., also, Hay-ree). In the north country the carters use the -phrase _neither heck nor ree_, neither left nor right: ‘He’ll neither -heck nor ree’, i.e. he’ll not obey the word of command, he’s quite -unmanageable, see EDD. (s.v. Heck, int.). See =hay-ree= and =hayte and -ree,= also =gee and ree.= - -=hab,= to have; _nab_, not to have; hence, phr. _by habs and by nabs_, -at random; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 2 (Soto). In Somerset and Devon -_hab or nab_, by hook or by crook: ‘I’ll ab’m—hab or nab’, I’ll have -them anyhow (EDD.). See =hab-nab.= - -=haberdash,= small wares. Spelt _haburdashe_, Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1295. ‘Ther haberdashe, Ther pylde pedlarye’, Papist. Exhort. (Nares). -Still in use in Aberdeen (EDD.). Anglo-F. _hapertas_, the name of a -fabric (Rough List). See Dict. (s.v. Haberdasher). - -=habiliment,= outfit, accoutrement, attire. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 30; -Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura). See =abiliments.= - -=habilitate,= legally qualified. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 15). -Med. Lat. _habilitare_, ‘idoneum, habilem reddere; informare, -instituere’ (Ducange). - -=habilitation,= endowment with ability or fitness; qualification, -training. Bacon, Essay 29, § 8. - -=habilitie,= ability. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 2. - -=hable, habile,= ‘able’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 19. See Dict. (s.v. -Able). - -=hab-nab,= have or not have, hit or miss; a phrase signifying the taking -one’s chance; ‘Hab-nab’s good’, I take my chance, Ford, Lady’s Trial, -ii. 1 (Fulgoso); at random, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 990. See EDD. (s.v. -Hab, adv., 1). See =hab.= - -=hache,= axe, hatchet. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2. F. -_hache_, an axe, O. Prov. _apcha_ (Levy); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. -_heppa_ (for *_happi̯a_), a sickle; see Schade (s.v. Happâ). - -=hackle,= to hack about, to mangle. _Hackled_, pp.; North, tr. of -Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 44 (in Shak. Plut., p. 101, n. 1). - -=hackster, haxter,= a hacker, one who hacks; hence, a cut-throat, bravo, -bully. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Monsieur); Hall, Satires, iv. 4. -60; _haxter_, Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Messenger). - -=hacqueton;= see =haqueton.= - -=had I wist,= if I had but known. A common exclamation of one who -repents too late. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 893; London Prodigal, -iii. 1. 49; Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Nicholas). ME. _hadde I wist_: ‘Upon -his fortune and his grace Comth “Hadde I wist” ful ofte a place’, Gower -(C. A. i. 1888). - -=hade,= a strip of land left unploughed as a boundary line and means of -access between two ploughed portions of a field. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -§ 6; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 222 and 400. In Corpus Coll., Oxford, there is -a Map (date 1615) in which there is a description of certain arable -lands having ‘hades’ of meadow and grass ground lying in the south field -of Eynsham. See EDD. (s.v. Hade, sb.^{1}). - -=hæmeræ,= for =hemeræ,= pl., ephemera, ephemeral flies, day-flies. -Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1482); scene 10. 124 (W.); p. 171, col. 2 -(D.). For _ephemera_, Med. L. _ephemera_, Gk. ἐφήμερα, neut. pl. of -ἐφήμερος, lasting or living but a day. - -=hæmony.= Name given by Milton to an imaginary plant having supernatural -virtues. Milton, Comus, 638. Gk. αἱμώνιος, blood-red (probably with a -theological allusion). - -=haft,= to use shifts, haggle. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1698; to cheat, -id., Bowge of Courte, 521; hence _hafter_, a cheat, thief; id., Bowge of -Courte, 138. Cp. Yorkshire word ‘heft’ in the sense of deceit, -dissimulation, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{3}). - -=hafter,= a wrangler; ‘_Vitilitigator_, an hafter, a wrangler, a -quarreller’, Gouldman, Dict., 1678; so Baret, 1580. - -=hag,= to trouble as the nightmare. Drayton, Heroic Ep. (Wks. ed. 1748, -p. 108); spelt _haggue_, to vex, worry. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § -95. - -=haggard,= a wild female hawk, caught when in her adult plumage. Much -Ado, iii. 1. 36; wild, intractable, inexperienced, B. Jonson, Magn. -Lady, iii. 3 (Compass); Othello, iii. 3. 260; ‘I teach my haggard and -unreclaimed Reason to stoop unto the lure of Faith’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Med. (ed. Greenhill, 19). F. _hagard_, ‘hagard, wild, unsociable’ -(Cotgr.). - -=hailse,= to salute, greet; ‘I haylse or greete’, Palsgrave; ‘Wee hadde -haylsed eche other’, Robinson, tr. of Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 30). Icel. -_heilsa_, to salute. - -=haine, hayne,= a miser, a penurious person, a mean wretch. Skelton, -Bowge of Courte, 327; Udall, tr. Apoph., Aristippus, § 22, Diogenes, § -106; Levins, Manipulus, 200; hence, _haynyarde_, a mean wretch, Skelton, -Magnyfycence, 1748. ME. _heyne_, a wretch (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1319). - -=hair:= in phr. _against the hair_, against the grain, contrary to -nature. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (end); Mayor of -Queenborough, iii. 2 (1 Lady); Merry Wives, ii. 3. 42. - -=hala;= see =heloe.= - -=hale, hall,= a place roofed over, a pavilion, tent, booth; ‘Hall, a -long tent in a felde, _tente_’, Palsgrave; ‘He would set up his hals and -tentes’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 5 (in Shak. Plut., p. -161, n. 8). ME. _hale_, ‘papilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 211, see note, no. -961). OF. _hale_ (F. _halle_), a covered market-place. - -=hale and ho,= pull and cry ho!, a cry of sailors at work. Morte Arthur, -leaf 118, back, 13; bk. vii, c. 15. ME. _halyn_ or drawyn, ‘traho’ -(Prompt. EETS. 230). - -=half-acre,= a small piece of ground, without reference to the exact -size of the field; ‘Tom Tankard’s cow . . . flinging about his -halfe-aker’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (see note on P. Plowman, C. -ix. 2, p. 156). At Yarnton, near Oxford, a ‘half-acre’, pronounced -_habaker_, is a term employed for half a lot of an allotment, see EDD. -(s.v. Half, 6 (1)). - -=halfendeale,= half, half-part. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 53. A Somerset -word (EDD.). ME. _halvendel_, the half part of a thing (Chaucer, Tr. and -Cr. v. 335). OE. _healfan dǣl_, the half ‘deal’ or part. - -=half-pace;= see =halpace.= - -=halidom:= orig. the holy relics upon which oaths were sworn; the -ancient formula being ‘as helpe me God and halidome’; altered later to -‘by my halidome’, which was subsequently used by itself as a weak -asseveration. Taming Shrew, v. 2. 100; Hen. VIII, v. 1. 117. In old -edds. of Shaks. we find _holydam_(_e_ due to association with _dame_, -the phrase being popularly taken as equivalent to ‘By our Lady’; see -NED. OE. _hāligdōm_, holiness, a holy place, a holy relic. - -=Hallowmas,= the feast of All Hallows, or All Saints, Nov. 1. Spelt -_Hallomas_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 1 (_Hallontide_, id., § 21. 1); -Meas. for Meas. ii. 1. 128; Richard II, v. 1. 80. In prov. use in -Scotland; also in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Hallow (7)). - -=halpace,= a high step or raised floor. Hall, Chron. (ed. 1809, p. 606); -‘On the altar an halpas . . . and on the halpas stood twelve images’, -Holinshed, Chron. iii. 857; also, through popular etymology _half-pace_, -the uppermost step before the choir of a church, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, 98). F. (16th cent.) _hault pas_ (_haut pas_), high step. - -=halse, haulse,= to embrace. Pt. t. _haulst_, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 49; -‘I halse one, I take hym aboute the necke, _je accolle_’, Palsgrave. See -EDD. (s.v. Halse, vb. 9). ME. _halsyn_, ‘amplector’ (Prompt.), deriv. of -_hals_, the neck, OE. _heals_ (_hals_). See =hause.= - -=haltersack,= a gallows-bird, rascal. Beaumont and Fl., King and No -King, ii. 2 (1 Cit. Wife); Knt. of B. Pestle, i. 3 (Citizen). Gascoigne, -Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio). See Nares. - -=hame,= a haulm, stalk; straw. Golding, Metam. i. 492; fol. 9 (1603); -also _hawme_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 15. In gen. prov. use in numerous -forms, see EDD. (s.v. Haulm). ME. _halme_, or stobyl, ‘stipula’ (Prompt. -EETS. 212). OE. _healm_ (Anglian _halm_). - -=hamper up,= to fasten up, make fast. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 3 (750); -scene 6. 136 (W.); p. 162, col. 2 (D.). - -=han,= _pres. pl._ have. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. This plural form -is still in prov. use from Yorkshire to Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. -Have). ME. _han_: ‘Thei han Moyses and the prophetis’ (Wyclif, Luke xvi. -29); _hafen_ (Lamb. Hom. 59). OE. _habben_ (_hæbben_), pres. pl. subj. -(Wright, OE. Gram., § 538). - -=hand:= phr. _to hand with_, to go hand in hand with, to concur; ‘Let -but my power and means hand with my will’, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1 -(Grimaldi). - -=hand over head,= inconsiderately, recklessly, hastily, -indiscriminately; ‘They ran in amongst them hand over head’, North, tr. -of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 28 (in Shak. Plut., p. 141, n. 3); cp. Warner, -Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 51, st. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. -Hand, 2 (8)). - -=hands:= phr. _to shake hands with_, to bid farewell to, to say good-bye -to; ‘I have shaken hands with delight’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. (ed. -Greenhill, 66); ‘To shake hands with labour for ever’, Harrison in -Holinshed (ed. 1807, i. 314). [Cp. Charles Lamb in Elia, Early Rising, -‘He has shaken hands with the world’s business, has done with it.’] - -=handsel, hansel,= a gift or present, as an omen of good luck or an -expression of good wishes. Dunbar, New Year’s Gift, iii. As _vb._, to -use for the first time, ‘My lady . . . is so ravished with desire to -hansel her new coach’, Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (Touchstone). The verb ‘to -hansel’, meaning ‘to use a thing for the first time’ is very common in -prov. use in Scotland, and in various parts of England fr. -Northumberland to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Handsel, vb. 12). - -=handwolf,= a tame wolf, wolf brought up by hand. Beaumont and Fl., -Maid’s Tragedy, iv. 1 (Amintor). - -=handydandy,= a children’s game, in which one child conceals something -between the hands, and the other guesses in which hand it is. ‘Handy -dandy, prickly prandy, which hand will you have?’ Chapman, Blind Beggar, -p. 6. See EDD. (s.v. Handy). - -=hane,= a ‘_khan_’, an Eastern inn (unfurnished); a caravanserai; -‘_Hanes_ to entertain travellers’; Howell, Foreign Travell, Appendix, p. -84; ‘_Hanes_ for the relief of Travellers’, Sandys, Travels, p. 57 -(Nares). See =cane.= - -=hang-by,= a hanger-on, a dependant. Gosson, School of Abuse, ed. Arber, -p. 40; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 2 (Orleans). In prov. -use in W. Yorks.; see EDD. (s.v. Hang, vb. 1 (5)). - -=hanger,= a loop or strap or a sword-belt from which the sword was hung. -Hamlet, i. 2. 157; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew). - -=hank,= a hold, a power of check or restraint; ‘I have a hank upon you’, -Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). In prov. use in various parts -of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hank, sb.^{1} 7). - -=Hans-in-kelder,= a familiar term for an unborn infant. Dryden, Wild -Gallant, v. 2; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, v. 6 (Sir Simon); Marvell, The -Character of Holland, 66. See Stanford. Dutch _Hans in Kelder_, lit. -‘Jack in Cellar’, an unborn child; cp. the Swabian toast _Hänschen im -Keller soll leben_, ‘dies sagt man bei dem Gesundheit-trinken auf eine -schwangere Frau’ (Birlinger); Bremen dial. _Hänsken im Keller_ (Wtb.). - -=happily,= perhaps, possibly. Titus Andron. iv. 3. 8; Hamlet, i. 1. 134; -ii. 2. 402. - -=haqueton, hacqueton,= a stuffed jacket worn under armour. Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 8. 38. ME. _aketoun_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2050); OF. _auqueton_, -_alquetun_, O. Prov. _alcoton_, ‘hoqueton, casaque rembourrée, -originairement en coton’ (Levy); Span. _algodon_, Port. _algodão_, -cotton, Arab, _al-qotun_, see Dozy, Glossaire, 127. - -=haras, harres,= a stud of horses; troop, collection. Skelton, Against -Garnesche, ed. Dyce, i. 128; l. 77. OF. _haras_, a stud of horses -(Hatzfeld); Med. L. _haracium_, ‘armentum equorum et jumentorum’ -(Ducange). Arab. _faras_, horse; cp. O. Span. _alfaras_, ‘cavallo -generoso’; see Dozy, 108. - -=harass,= harassment, devastation. Milton, Samson, 257. - -=harborough,= ‘harbour’, shelter. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19; Tanered -and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 85. See -=herberow.= - -=harborowe,= to lodge; to track a stag to his harbour or covert. A -hunting term. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 6; _harbord_, pp. -lodged, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311, l. 6. See Dict. -(s.v. Harbour). - -=hardel,= a hurdle; ‘Hardels made of stickes’, Golding, Metam. i. 122; -fol. 2, bk. (1603); a kind of frame or sledge on which traitors used to -be drawn through the streets to execution, ‘Upon an hardle or sled’, -Harrison, Desc. England, ii. 11 (ed. Furnivall, 222). - -=hardocks,= some kind of wild flowers. In King Lear, iv. 4. 4 (ed. -1623), Lear is ‘Crown’d . . . with Hardokes, Hemlocke, Nettles, Cuckoo -flowres, Darnell, and all the idle weedes that grow In our sustaining -Corne.’ As _Hardokes_ are not known, I suggest that the right word is -_Hawdods_; indeed, the quartos have _hordocks_. The _hawdod_ (described -by Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 1534) is the beautiful blue cornflower, the -most showy and attractive of all the flowers that grow in the corn; see -EDD. The prefix _haw_ means ‘blue’, see NED.; from OE. _hǣwe_, blue. - -=hare:= phr. _there goeth the hare_, ‘That’s the direction in which the -hare goes, that is the way to follow up’, New Custom, ii. 3 (Perverse -Doctrine); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 39; ‘_Hic labor, hoc opus est_, -there goeth the hare away’, Stubbes, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 70). - -=hare,= to frighten, scare. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Dame -Turfe). In prov. use in Oxfordshire and the south country, see EDD. -(s.v. Hare, vb.). - -†=harlock,= an unknown flower; perhaps for _hawdod_, the blue -cornflower. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 34. -_Harlocks_ is a conjectural emendation for _hardokes_ in King Lear, iv. -4. 4. See =hardocks.= - -=harlot,= a vagabond, rascal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 74. 4; Coriol. iii. -2. 112. ME. _harlot_, a person of low birth, a ribald, rogue, rascal -(Chaucer), see Dict. M. and S.; OF. _herlot_, _arlot_, ribaud -(Godefroy); O. Prov. _arlot_, ‘gueux, ribaud’ (Levy). See Dict. - -=harman-beck,= a constable. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 -(Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =hartmans.= - -=harness,= the defensive or body armour of a man-at-arms; the defensive -equipment of a horseman. Macbeth, v. 5. 52; BIBLE, 1 Kings xx. 11; xxii. -34; ‘I can remember that I buckled his [the King’s] harness when he went -into Blackheath field’, Latimer, Sermon, p. 101; see Bible Word-Book. -ME. _harneys_, armour (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1006). See Dict. - -=harnest,= harnessed, armed. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. - -=harpè,= a falchion, scimitar. Heywood, Silver Age, A. i (Perseus); vol. -iii, p. 92. From Ovid, Met. v. 69, 176. L. _harpē_; Gk. ἅρπη, a sickle, -a scimitar. - -=harper, harp-shilling,= a coin having on the reverse an Irish harp, and -worth only 9_d._ in English money; ‘Your shilling proved but a harper’, -Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Cripple), vol. i, p. 26; ‘A plain -harp-shilling’, Greene, King James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). And see Webster, -Sir T. Wyatt, ed. Dyce, p. 197, col. 1 (bottom). - -=harre,= a hinge, of a door or gate; ‘Chardonnerau, a harre of a doore’, -Cotgrave; _out of harre_, off its hinge, out of joint, Skelton. -Magnyfycence, 921. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. -Harr, 3). ME. _Harre_ of a dore, ‘carde’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. _heorr_. - -=harres;= see =haras.= - -=Harrington,= a farthing; as coined by Harrington (1613); ‘I will not -bate a Harrington of the sum’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer). -See Nares. - -=harriot,= a heriot; a payment to the lord of a manor, due on the death -of a tenant. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); ‘A heriot or -homage’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, letter 38, § 2 (1621). OE. -_heregeatwe_, lit. military equipments. See Dict. (s.v. Heriot). - -†=harrolize,= to ‘heraldise’, act as a herald, emblazon arms; ‘He -harrolized well’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 35, st. 4. - -=harrot,= a ‘herald’. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 -(Sogliardo); Case is altered, iv. 4 (near the end). OF. _heraut_, -_herault_. See NED. - -=harrow,= _interj._, a cry of distress. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 43. ME. ‘I -wol crye out harrow and alas’, Chaucer (C. T. A. 3286); Norm. F. -_harou_, ‘Le cri ou la clameur de _haro_ ou de _harou_ était un appel -public à la justice et à la protection’ (Moisy); see Didot. - -=harrow,= to subdue, despoil. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 40. Used with -reference to Christ’s ‘Harrowing of Hell’, or despoiling it by the -rescue thence of the patriarchs, &c., as described in the pseudo-gospel -of Nicodemus. See the passage from Legenda Aurea, cap. liv, quoted in -Notes to P. Plowman, C. xxi. 261 (pp. 410, 411). - -=Harry-groat,= a groat of Henry VIII. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, -i. 2 (Young Loveless); Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); Mayne, City -Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia). - -=hart of grece,= a fat hart; ‘Eche of them slewe a harte of grece’, Adam -Bell, 105 (Child’s Ballads, p. 251); Ballad of Robin Hood and the Curtal -Fryar (Child’s Ballads, p. 299). See Nares (s.v. Greece). - -=hart-of-ten,= a hart having as many as ten points on each horn, and -therefore full-grown; ‘The total number of points, counting all the -tines, is ten’, Cent. Dict. (s.v. Antler); ‘Whan an hart hath fourched, -and then auntlere ryall and surryall, and forched on the one syde, and -troched on that other syde, than is he an hert of .X. and the more’, -Venery de Twety, in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 151; ‘An Hart of tenne’, -Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311. - -=hartmans, harmans,= the stocks. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Song); ‘The harmans, the stockes’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See -=harman-beck.= - -=haskard,= a base, vulgar fellow. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 606; id., -Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, 24. See NED. - -=haske,= a rush or wicker basket. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16 -(explained as ‘a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish’); -‘_Cavagna_, a fishers basket, or haske’, Florio. See NED. (s.v. Hask). - -=hatch,= a half-door, wicket with an open space above; ‘Ore [o’er] the -hatch’, King John, i. 1. 171; ‘Take the hatch’ (jump over it), King -Lear, iii. 6. 76; ‘As hound at hatch’ (i.e. like a dog set to watch the -door’), Turbervile, The Lover to Cupid, st. 12 from end. - -=hatched,= inlaid, or ornamented on the surface with gold or silver -work; ‘My sword well hatch’d’, Fletcher, Bonduca, ii. 2 (Junius); iii. -5; ‘hatched hilts’, Valentinian, ii. 2. 7; deeply marked, Beaumont and -Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Antigonus); Custom of the Country, v. 5 -(Guiomar); marked with lines like a thing engraved, marked with lines of -white hair, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 65; ‘hatched in silver’, Shirley, Love in -a Maze, ii. 2 (Simple). - -=hatchel,= to comb flax or hemp with a ‘hatchel’. Heywood, Rape of -Lucrece, ii. 3 (Song); ‘_Serancer_, to hatchel flax, &c., to comb, or -dress it on an iron comb’, Cotgrave. A Cheshire word (EDD.). - -=hate,= for _ha’ it_, have it. Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 141. Spelt _ha -’t_, riming with _gate_; Parliament of Bees, character 3. - -=hatter,= to bruise, batter; _hatter out_, to wear out, exhaust with -fatigue. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 371. In prov. use in Scotland and -various parts of England (EDD.). - -=haught,= lofty, haughty. Richard III, ii. 3. 28; Marlowe, Edw. II, iii. -2 (Baldock); _haulte_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 2, § 1; ch. -5, § 2; _haut_, high-sounding, ‘The haut Castilian tongue’, Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Pedro). OF. _haut_, _halt_, high. - -=haulse;= see =halse.= - -=haulte;= see =haught.= - -=haunt,= to practise habitually. Tusser, Husbandry, § 67 (ed. 1878, p. -155). In ME. ‘to haunt’, reflex., was used in the sense of ‘to accustom’ -or ‘exercise oneself’, ‘Haunte thi silf to pitee’ (Wyclif, 1 Tim. iv. -7). Norm. F. _hanter_, ‘aller habituellement en un lieu’ (Moisy). Icel. -_heimta_, to bring home the sheep in autumn from the summer pastures; -see Icel. Dict. (s.v. ii. 3). Cp. the use of the verb ‘to haunt’ in the -New Forest, to accustom cattle to repair to a certain spot, see EDD. -(s.v. Haunt, 4). - -=hause,= to embrace; ‘I will say nothing of hausing and kissing’, -Bernard, tr. of Terence, Heauton, v. 1 (NED.). A north-country -pronunciation; see EDD. (s.v. Halse, 9). See =halse.= - -†=hauster,= gullet (?); ‘Crack in thy throat and hauster too’, Grim the -Collier, iv. 1 (Grim). - -=haut;= see =haught.= - -=hauzen,= to embrace. Peele, Hon. Order of the Garter, l. 5, ed. Dyce, -p. 585. See =hause.= - -=havell,= a low fellow; a term of reproach. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to -Courte, 94, 604. Also spelt _hawvel_ (NED.). Origin of the word unknown. - -=having,= possession, property. Merry Wives, iii. 2. 73; Twelfth Nt. -iii. 4. 379. _Havings_, pl. wealth; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. -4 (Asotus). ‘Havings’, possessions, still in use in Yorks. (EDD.). - -=haviour,= possession, wealth; _havoir_, Holland, Livy, xxiii. 41; -_havour_, Warner, Albion’s England, xvi. 164; ‘_Havoire_, possession.’ -ME. _havure_, or havynge of catel or oþer goodys, ‘averium’ (Prompt.). -Anglo-F. _aveir_, property (Moisy); _avoir_, property, goods (Gower). - -=haviour,= ‘behaviour’; ‘Her heavenly haveour’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., -April, 66; Merry Wives, i. 3. 86; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 226. See Dict. -(s.v. Behaviour). - -=havok:= phr. _to cry havok_, to give the signal for the pillage of a -captured town; ‘They . . . did do crye hauok upon all the tresours of -Troyes’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 175. 7; Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 273. -Anglo-F. _crier havok_ (A.D. 1385), OF. _crier havo_ (A.D. 1150), see -NED. (s.v. Havoc). - -=hawdod,= the corn bluebottle, _Centaurea cyanus_. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 20. 28; _haudoddes_, pl., id., § 20. 4. Cp. OE. _hǣwe_, -blue (in Erfurt Gl. _hāwi_), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 596. See =hardocks.= - -=hawker,= to act as a hawker, to haggle. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 620. - -=hay:= phr. _to carry hay on one’s horn_, to be mad or dangerous; from -an ox apt to gore whose horns were bound about with hay; cp. Horace, -Sat. i. 4. Herrick, Hesper. Oberon’s Pal., 176. - -=hay, hey,= a hedge. Thersites, ed. Pollard, 1. 155; ‘A hay (implieth) a -dead fence that may be made one yeere and pulled downe another’, Norden, -Survey in Harrison’s England (NED.). In E. Anglia a ‘hey’ is the term -used for a clipped quickset hedge. ME. _hay_, a hedge (Chaucer, Rom. -Rose, 54). OE. _hege_, ‘sepes’ (Ælfric); cp. OF. _haie_, hedge (Rom. -Rose, 50). - -=hay, hey,= a country-dance, of the nature of a reel; ‘The antic hay’, -Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1 (Gaveston); Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Henry); -‘Rounds and winding Heyes’, Davies, Orchestra, lxiv (Arber, Garner, v. -39). - -=hay,= _interj._, a term in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 -(Bobadil); a home-thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27. Ital. _hai_, thou hast -(Florio); cp. L. _habet_; exclaimed when a gladiator was wounded. - -=hay-de-guy= (=-guise=)=,= a kind of ‘hay’ or dance. _Heydeguyes_, pl., -Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 27; ‘We nightly dance our hey-day-guise’, -Robin Goodfellow, 102, in Percy’s Reliques (ed. 1887, iii. 204). In -Somerset and Dorset the word is used for merriment, high spirits, rough -play, see EDD. (s.v. Haydigees). - -=haye,= a net for catching rabbits. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly); -Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 14. _Hay-net_ is still in use in Kent and E. -Anglia (EDD.). ME. _hay_, nete to take conyys, ‘cassis’ (Prompt. EETS. -211). - -=hay-ree,= a carter’s cry in urging on his horses. Nash, Summer’s Last -Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. In prov. use in -Derbyshire (EDD.). See =ha and ree.= - -=hayte and ree,= words used by a carter in urging on or directing his -horses. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, ii. 1 (Clown) (vol. ii, 384). -In Yorkshire the carters say ‘hite’ and ‘ree’, as calls to the horse to -turn to left or right, see EDD. (s.v. Hait). ‘Hait’ is in gen. prov. use -in Scotland and England, as a call to urge horses or other animals to go -on (id.). ME. _hayt_: ‘_Hayt_, Brok!, _hayt_, Scot!’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. -1543). Cp. Swed. dial. _häjt_, a cry to the ox or horse to turn to the -left. Rietz (s.v. Hit). - -=haytye,= defiance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 301, 17 (rendering of -_ahatine_ in the F. text). F. _aatie_, _ahatie_, ‘haine, querelle, -provocation, engagement, lutte’ (Partonop. de Blois, 9585), also -_aatine_, _ahatine_, from _ahatir_ (_aatir_), ‘se hâter, s’engager à un -combat, accepter une provocation’ (Chron. des ducs de Normandie); see -Ducange. Cp. _s’ahastir_, ‘se hâter’ (Moisy). - -=haze,= for _ha ’s_ = have us. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4. 7; iv. 3 -(Roister). - -=hazelwood.= ‘Yea, hazelwood!’ (meaning, ‘why, of course!’), Gascoigne, -in Hazlitt’s ed., ii. 23, 285. The exclamation implies that the -information given is of a very simple description, and that the hearer -knows a great deal more of the matter than the informant. In Chaucer’s -Tr. and Cr. iii. 890, there occurs the fuller form, ‘Ye, haselwodes -shaken’, i.e. Yea, hazelwoods shake (when the wind blows); in the same -poem, v. 505, ‘Ye, haselwode!’. - -=head,= intellect, person, a favourite word with Sir T. Browne, ‘Every -Age has its Lucian, whereof common Heads must not hear’, Rel. Med. (ed. -Greenhill, 36). - -=headless hood.= In Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 96, we find: ‘So vainely -t’aduance thy headless hood.’ Here _hood_, i.e. state, condition, is the -usual suffix _-hood_, used as if it could be detached. ‘Explained in the -Globe ed., followed by recent Dicts., as = _heedlesshood_’, but Spenser -elsewhere always distinguishes between _headless_ and _heedless_, NED. - -=heal,= to cover; ‘Heal, to cover, to heal a house’, ‘to heal the fire’, -‘to heal a person in bed’, Ray, S. and E. Country Words (1674). See EDD. -(s.v. Heal, vb.^{2}). ME. _helen_, to hide, conceal (Chaucer, C. T. B. -2279). OE. _helian_, to hide. See =unhele.= - -=heale,= health. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (ed. Arber, 46); -well-being, prosperity, Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 768. In -prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Heal, sb.^{1}). ME. -_hele_, health, recovery, safety (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). OE. -_hǣlo_. - -=hear ill,= to be ill spoken of. B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 6 (end); -Dedication of Volpone. A Greek idiom, cp. κακῶς ἀκούειν, to be ill -spoken of. - -=heardgroom, herdgroom,= a shepherd-lad. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 35. -Copied from Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1225 (‘Thise litel herdegromes’). - -=hearse,= a structure of wood used in noble funerals, decorated with -banners, heraldic devices, and lighted candles, on which it was -customary for friends to pin short poems or epitaphs; ‘Underneath this -sable hearse’, B. Jonson, Epit. on the Countess of Pembroke; Middleton, -Women beware, iii. 2 (Livia); a coffin on a bier, Richard III, i. 2. 2. -See Dict. - -=heart at grass:= phr. _to take heart at grasse_; ‘Rise, therefore, -Euphues, and take heart at grasse, younger thou shalt never bee, plucke -up thy stomacke’, Lyly, Euphues (Nares); Tarlton’s Newes out of -Purgatorie, 24. See Nares (s.v. Heart of grace). - -=heart of grace:= phr. _to take heart of grace_; ‘His absence gave him -so much heart of grace’, Harington, Ariosto, xxii. 37; ‘Take heart of -grace, man’, Ordinary (Nares). See Nares (s.v. Grace, 3). - -=heart-breaker,= a lovelock, a curl; jocosely. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i, -c. 1, 253. - -=heautarit,= quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. -_ʿuṭârid_, the planet Mercury; also, quicksilver (Steingass). - -=heave a bough,= rob a booth or shop. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘_To heve a bough_, to robbe or rifle a boeweth -[booth]’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. - -=heave and ho,= a cry of sailors in heaving the anchor, &c.; hence, with -might and main; ‘With heaue and hoaw on Bacchus name they shout’, Phaer, -Aeneid vii, 389; ‘Heue and how’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252. - -=heben,= ebony; ‘_Hebene_, Heben or Ebony, the black and hard wood of a -certain tree growing in Aethiopia and the East Indies’, Cotgrave; _heben -wood_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37. L. _hebenus_, Gk. ἔβενος, the ebony -tree; cp. Heb. _hobnîm_, billets of ebony (Ezek. xxvii. 15). - -=hebenon,= name given to some substance having a poisonous juice, -Hamlet, i. 5. 62; _hebon_, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iii. 4 (Barabas). Cp. -Gower, C. A. iv. 3017, ‘Bordes Of hebenus that slepi Tree’, borrowed -from Ovid, Metam. xi. 610 ff., ‘Torus est ebeno sublimis . . . Quo cubat -ipse deus membris languore solutis.’ - -=hecco,= the woodpecker; ‘The laughing hecco’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 80; -‘The sharp-neb’d hecco’, The Owl, 206. Cp. Glouc. _heckwall_, see EDD. -(s.v. Hickwall). - -=heckfer,= a heifer. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 811; ‘Heckfare, -_bucula_’, Levins, Manip. ME. _hekfere_, ‘juvenca’ (Prompt.); ‘buccula, -juvenca’ (Voc. 758. 3). Formerly in prov. use in the north country and -in E. Anglia, but now obsolete, see EDD. (s.v. Heifer). - -=heedling,= headlong. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘To tumble a man -heedlinge down the hyll’, Cranmer, Pref. to Bible; precipitately, ‘His -armie flying headling back againe’, Knolles, Hist. Turks (ed. 1621, -170). - -=heft,= weight. Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 15. Hence, stress, need, -_emergency_; ‘Forsooke each other at the greatest heft’, Ferrex, st. 5. -In common prov. use in the midland and southern counties: it means -weight, esp. the weight of a thing as ascertained by lifting it in the -hand, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{1} 1). - -=heggue,= a hag, malicious female sprite; ‘Heggues that are seen in the -feldes by night like Fierbrandes’, Arber, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 23; -‘The ayery heggs’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 31. - -=heir,= to be heir to, to inherit. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 714; -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 161. - -=hell,= the ‘den’ for prisoners in the games of Barley-break and -Prison-bars; ‘Here’s the last couple in hell’, Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Elder Loveless). See =barley-break.= - -=hell-waine,= a phantom wagon, seen in the sky at night. Middleton, The -Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); R. Scott, Disc. Witchcraft, vii. 15 (ed. 1886, -122). In the Netherlands the Great Bear is called _Hellewagen_, see -Grimm, Teut. Myth. 802. - -=helm,= the helmet or head of a still. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 -(Subtle). - -=helm,= a handle. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 312. See Dict. - -=helmster,= the tiller of a helm. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 571. - -=helo=(=e, healo,= bashful; ‘_Il est né tout coiffé_, hee is verie -maidenlie, shamfaced, heloe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611); ‘_Honteux_, -shamefast, bashful, helo, modest’, id.; ‘_Heloe_ or _helaw_, bashful, a -word of common use’, Ray, North Country Words, 25; _hala_, Shadwell, -Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 (Lolpool). In common prov. use in the north -country as far south as Cheshire and Derbysh. (EDD.). - -=helops,= a savoury sea-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 13. L. -_helops_, _ellops_; Gk. ἔλλοψ. See =ellops.= - -=hempstring,= a worthless fellow; a term of reproach, with reference to -a halter. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 2 (Psiteria); ‘A perfect young -hemp-string’, Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, v. 1 (Vaumont). In Scotland -(Forfarsh.) a hangman’s halter is called a hempstring (EDD.). - -†=hemule, hemuse,= a roebuck in its third year. _Hemule_, Book of St. -Albans, fol. E4, back; _hemuse_, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45, p. 143. See -NED. - -=hench-boy,= a page. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.); Randolph, -Muses’ Looking Glass, i. 4 (Mrs. Flowerdew); _hinch-boy_, B. Jonson, -Gipsies Metamorphosed (Song). Cp. _henchman_, a page, Mids. Nt. D. ii. -1. 121; ‘A henchman or henchboy, _page d’honneur, qui marche devant -quelque Seigneur de grand authorité_ (Sherwood).’ See Prompt. EETS. -(note, no. 999). - -=hend,= to hold, grasp. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 27; to cast, hurl, Mirror -for Mag., Brennus, st. 83. OE. _ge-hendan_, to hold in the hand. - -=hent,= to seize, lay hold of. Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 133; pt. t. _hent_, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 1; pp. _hent_, occupied, Meas. for Measure, iv. 6. -14; caught, taken, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 553. ME. _hente_, -to seize (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3347); OE. _hentan_. - -=her,= their. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 160; Sept., 39. ME. _here_ -(_her_) of them, their (Chaucer); OE. _hira_; see Dict. M. and S. - -=herber,= a green plot, flower-garden. Lusty Juventus, Song after -Prologue, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 46. ME. _herber_, a garden (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. ii. 1705); an arbour (Leg. G. W. 203). See Dict. (s.v. -Arbour). - -=herberow,= a lodging, shelter. Morte Arthur, leaf 77. 11; bk. iv, c. -25; _herborowe_, v., to lodge, provide shelter for, id., lf. 90, back, -19; bk. v, c. 11. ME. _herberwe_, a lodging, shelter; an inn; a harbour -(Chaucer). Icel. _herbergi_, lit. army-shelter. See =harborough.= - -=herden,= made of hards or fibres of flax. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 118. -In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Harden, sb.). - -=heriot;= see =harriot.= - -=herneshaw,= a young heron. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 9; ‘_Heronceau_, an -hernshawe’, Palsgrave; _hernesewe_, Golding, Metam. xiv. 580; -_heronsew_, Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 282. For -numerous prov. pronunciations of the word, which is in common use from -the north country to Kent, see EDD. (s.v. Heronsew). ME. _heronsewe_ -(Chaucer, C. T. F. 68); Anglo-F. _herouncel_ (Rough List). - -=herring-bones,= stitches arranged in a zigzag pattern. Marston, Scourge -of Villainy, Sat. vii. 20. - -=hersall,= rehearsal. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 18. - -=herse,= a harrow triangular in form; ‘The archers ther (at the battle -of Creçy) stode in maner of a herse’ (i.e. drawn up in a triangular -formation), Berners, tr. of Froissart, c. cxxx. F. _herce_, a harrow -(Cotgr.); Ital. _erpice_; L. _hirpex_ (_irpex_). See Dict. (s.v. -Hearse). - -=hery, herry,= to praise, honour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 13; Shep. Kal., -Feb., 62; Nov., 10; _herried_, pret., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. -347. ME. _herie_, to praise (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1672); OE. -_herian_. - -=Hesperides,= the garden of the Hesperides; ‘Trees in the Hesperides’, -L. L. L. iv. 3. 341; ‘the plot Hesperides’, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 56; -p. 90, col. 1; ‘The garden called Hesperides’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. -2 (1168); scene 9. 82 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D.). - -=hew,= a hewing, hacking, slaughter. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 49. - -=hewte,= a copse. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 75; ‘Small groues or -hewts’, id., c. 31; p. 81; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, ii. 731. OE. -_hiewet_, a hewing (Gregory’s Past, xxxvi); cp. _copse_, from OF. -_coper_, to cut. - -=hey;= see =hay.= - -=heydeguyes;= see =hay-de-guy.= - -=heyward,= an officer of a township who had charge of hedges and -enclosures. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 11, p. 41. In prov. use in -many parts of England (EDD.). ME. _heyward_, ‘agellarius’ (Prompt.). See -=hay= (hedge). - -=hiccius doctius,= a similar word to ‘hocus-pocus’, used in imitation of -Latin by conjurers who performed tricks; hence, a conjurer’s trick, a -cheat. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 580. - -=hidder and shidder,= male and female animals. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Sept., 211. _Hidder_ = _he-der_, he ‘deer’, i.e. male animal; _shidder_ -= _she-der_, she ‘deer’, i.e. female animal. In Yorks. and Lincoln the -sheep-farmers speak of a flock of ‘he-ders’ and ‘she-ders’, see EDD. -(s.v. He, 10 (6)). - -=high-copt,= high-topped. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. See =coppe.= - -=high-lone,= entirely alone; said of a child learning to walk. Romeo, i. -3. 36 (1 quarto); Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 2. 9. [‘The Mares . . . -were scarce able to go high-lone’, G. Washington, Diary, March 13, 1760 -(NED.).] - -=highmen,= loaded dice that produced high throws. Middleton, Your Five -Gallants, v. 1 (Fitsgrave); ‘Two bayle of false dyce, _videlicet_, high -men and loe men’, London Prodigal, i. 1. 218. - -=hight,= to promise; ‘And vowes men shal him hight’, Phaer, Aeneid, i. -290. In Chaucer we find _highte_, pt. t. of _hote_, to promise (Tr. and -Cr. v. 1636; C. T. E. 496); OE. _hēht_ (_hēt_), pt. t. of _hātan_ to -promise, to bid, command. See =hot= (=hote=). - -=hight,= _pr._ and _pt. t._, is or was called; ‘_I hight_’, I am named, -Peele, Araynement of Paris, i. 1 (Venus); was called, was named, ‘She -Queene of Faeries hight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 14; ‘The citie of the -great king hight it well.’ This is a Chaucerian spelling and usage, the -form being due to ME. _hight_ (promised, commanded), see above. In -Chaucer we find _hight_, ‘is called’, and ‘was called’ (Leg. G. W. 417, -and 725). But we also find the regular form _hatte_ for both pres. and -pt. t. (Tr. and Cr. iii. 797; H. Fame, 1303). OE. _hātte_, is or was -called, pr. and pt. t. of _hātan_. This is the only trace of the old -passive voice preserved in English, cp. Goth. _haitada_, I am called. - -=higre,= the ‘bore’ in a river. Drayton, Pol. vii. 10; xxviii. 482. Med. -L. _Higra_ in William of Malmesbury, De Pontific.: ‘Anglis dictus quidam -quotidianus aquarum Sabrinae fluvii furor quem vel voraginem vel -vertiginem undarum dicam nescio’ (Ducange). See EDD. (s.v. Eagre). - -=hild,= to heel over, to lean over; ‘_I hylde_, I leane on the one syde, -as a bote or shyp’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian form, see EDD. (s.v. Heald, -vb.^{1} 1). ME. _hilde_, to incline; _heldyn_, ‘inclino’ (Prompt.). OE. -_hieldan_ (late WS. _hyldan_, Kentish _heldan_), to incline. See NED. -(s.v. Hield). - -=hilding,= a good-for-nothing person of either sex. Applied to a man, -All’s Well, iii. 6. 4; applied to a woman; a jade, a baggage, Romeo, -iii. 5. 169; Dryden, Spanish Fryar, ii. 3; a worthless horse, Holland’s -Livy, xxi. 40, p. 415. See Nares. - -=hill,= to cover; to cover from sight, to hide. Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. iv, ch. 21, st. 27; _hild_, pp. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 472. -In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Wilts., see -EDD. (s.v. Hill, vb.^{2}). ME. _hyllyn_, ‘operio’ (Prompt.); _hile_ -(Wyclif, Mark 14. 65). Icel. _hylja_, to cover. - -=himp,= to hobble, to limp; ‘Lame of one leg, and himping’, Udall, tr. -of Apoph., Philip, § 35; ‘Hymping on the one legge’, id., Alexander, § -57. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Cp. Du. dial. _himp-_, in _himphamp_, -‘een hinkend persoon’ (Boekenoogen). - -=hinch-boy;= see =hench-boy.= - -=hine,= a farm-labourer, a ‘hind’. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, vii. 504; Waller, -Suckling’s Verses, 33. This form is in prov. use in Lakeland, Yorks. and -in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Hind, sb.^{1}). ME. _hyne_ -(Wyclif, John x. 12). OE. _hī_(_w_)_na man_, a man of the household, of -the servants; _hī_(_w_)_na_, gen. pl. of _hīwan_, domestics. - -=hing,= to hang. Machin, The Dumb Knight, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128. -In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in England in the north and -midland counties as far as Warwick. ME. _hinge_, to hang, to be hung -(Wars Alex. 4565). Icel. _hengja_ (causal vb.). - -=hinny,= to neigh as a horse; ‘I hynnye as a horse’, Palsgrave; ‘He -neigheth and hinnieth, all is hinnying sophistry’, B. Jonson, Barthol. -Fair, v. 3 (Busy). - -=hippocras,= a cordial drink made of wine flavoured with spices. -Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Lady); _Hypocrace_, ‘vinum -myrrhatum’, Levins, Manipulus; _ipocras_, Heywood, 1 Pt. Edw. IV. (Wks. -ed. 1874, i. 10). ME. _ipocras_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1807); see note in -Wks., v. 361. OF. _ipocras_, _ypocras_, forms of the Greek proper name -Hippocrates, a famous physician, died B.C. 357. The cordial was so -called because it was run through a strainer or ‘Ipocras’ bag, see NED. -(s.v. Hippocras bag). See Stanford. - -=hippodame,= a name given by Spenser to a fabulous sea-monster, F. Q. -ii. 9. 50; iii. 11. 40. The allusion is probably to the ‘hippocamp’, or -sea-horse, a monster with a horse’s body and a fish’s tail, used by the -sea-gods, cp. W. Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 1: ‘Fair silver-footed Thetis -. . . Guiding from rockes her chariot’s hyppocamps.’ In the form -_hippodame_, Spenser was probably thinking of _hippotame_, ME. -_ypotame_, hippopotamus (K. Alis. 5184); see NED. (s.v. Hippopotamus). - -=hippogrif,= a fabulous creature like a griffin, but with the body and -hindquarters of a horse, Milton, P. L. iv. 542. Ital. _ippogrifo_ -(Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, iv. 4 and follg.), rendered ‘griffin-horse’ -in Hoole’s Ariosto, iv. 125. - -=Hiren,= a seductive female; ‘Haue wee not Hiren here?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. -4. 173 (1597). An allusion to a female character in Peele’s play of ‘The -Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin the fair Greek’ (ab. 1594); see NED. The -initial _H_ is superfluous, as the allusion is to the name Irene (F. -_Irène_), Gk. εἰρήνη, peace. See Greene and Peele’s Works, ed. Dyce, p. -341. This play by Peele is lost. - -=his,= after a sb., used instead of the genitive inflexion, chiefly with -proper names; ‘For Jesus Christ his sake’, Book Com. Prayer; -‘Secretaries to the kyng his moste excellente majestie’, Robinson, tr. -More’s Utopia, Ep. (ed. Lumby, 2); ‘Edward the Second of England, his -Queen’, Bacon, Essay 19. See NED. (s.v. His, 4), and Notes to P. -Plowman, C. xix. 236, p. 381. See Nares. - -=histriomastix,= a severe critic of playwrights. Lady Alimony, i. 2 -(Trills), where the epithet of ‘crop-eared’ is prefixed. The allusion is -to the book entitled ‘Histriomastix, The Players’ Scourge’, by W. -Prynne, published in 1633; for which he lost both ears, and was -pilloried. L. _histrio_, an actor + Gk. μάστιξ, a scourge. - -=hizz,= to hiss. King Lear, iii. 6. 17; Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 -(ed. Arber, p. 46). - -=ho,= a cry calling on one to stop; cessation, intermission, limit. Phr. -_out of all ho_, out of all limit, beyond all moderate bounds, Greene, -Friar Bacon, iv. 2 (1733); scene 11. 73 (W.); p. 174, col. 2 (D.). In -Yorkshire they say, ‘There is no ho with him’, i.e. there is no -moderation, he is not to be restrained. ‘Out of all ho’ in the sense of -‘immoderately’ is a common phrase in the west Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. -Ho, sb.^{1} 5). ME. _ho_, cessation, in phr. _withouten ho_ (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. ii. 1083). See Nares. - -=hob,= a sprite, hobgoblin. Mirror for Mag., Glendour, st. 8; ‘From -elves, hobs, and fairies . . . From fire-drakes and fiends . . . Defend -us, good heaven!’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 6. For the folk-lore -connected with the sprite called _Hob_, see EDD. _Hob_ is a familiar or -rustic abbreviation of the name Robert or Robin, cp. Coriolanus, ii. 3. -123, ‘To beg of Hob and Dick’. See Nares. - -=hoball,= a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek); -‘An hobbel, cobbel, dullard, _haebes_, _barbus_’, Levins, Manipulus. In -prov. use in the north, meaning a fool, a dull, stupid person, a -blockhead, see EDD. (s.v. Hobbil, sb.^{1}). - -=hobby,= a small kind of hawk; ‘_Hobreau_, the hawke tearmed a hobby’, -Cotgrave; Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 195; _hobies_, pl., Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, cap. xviii. ME. _hoby_, ‘alaudarius’ (Cath. Angl.); OF. -_hobe_, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Hobereau). - -=hobby,= a small or middle-sized horse; ‘_Hobin_, a hobbie, a little -ambling horse’, Cotgrave; _hobby-headed_, shaggy-headed like a hobby or -small pony, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria). ‘Hobby’ is in -prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hobby, sb.^{1} 1), -also in Ireland, see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 274. - -=hobby-horse.= In the morris-dance and on the stage, a figure of a -horse, made of light material, and fastened about the waist of the -performer, who imitated the antics of a skittish horse; also, the -performer. L. L. L. iii. 1. 30; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, -iv. 5 (Ralph). - -=hobler,= for =hobbler,= a child’s top that wobbles, or spins -unsteadily. Hence, a useless toy, Lyly, Mother Bombie, v. 3 (Bedunenus). - -=hob-man-blind,= a name for the game of blind-man’s-buff. Two Angry -Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 364; Heywood, Wise Wom. Hogsdon, iii. -(Works, v. 310). ‘Hobman’ in Yorkshire is a name for a sprite, -hobgoblin, see EDD. (s.v. Hob, sb.^{1} 4 (2)). - -=hock-cart,= the last cart at harvest-home. Herrick has a short poem, -entitled ‘The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home’, where he says, ‘The harvest -swains and wenches bound For joy, to see the Hock-Cart crown’d’ (Nares); -see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 301. Cp. the Hertfordsh. term ‘the Hockey Cart’, -the cart that brings in the last corn of the harvest, see EDD. (s.v. -Hockey, sb.^{1} 2 (2)). Prob. conn. with Low G. _hokk_ (pl. _hokken_), a -heap of sheaves (Berghaus). See =hooky.= - -=Hock-day,= the second Tuesday after Easter Sunday (NED.). _Hock -Monday_, the Monday in ‘Hock-tide’; ‘Rec^{d} of the women upon Hoc -Monday 5_s._ 2_d._’, Churchwardens’ Accounts, Kingston-upon-Thames, ann. -1578, see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 104; spelt _Hough-munday_, Arden of -Feversham, iv. 3. 43. See NED. (s.v. Hock-day) and EDD. (s.v. Hock, -sb.^{2} 1 (2)). - -=hoddydoddy,= a short and dumpy person; a simpleton, dupe. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 1. 25; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 10. 65. See -EDD. (s.v. Hoddydoddy, 3). - -=hoddypeke,= a simpleton. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, iii. 3 (Chat); -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1176; _huddypeke_, The Four Elements, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 326. - -=hodermoder, in,= in secret, secretly. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 69; _in -huddermother_, Ascham, Toxophilus, ed. Arber, p. 36; spelt -_huddermudder_, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 74; _hudther-mudther_, -Golding, Metam. xiii. 15. - -=hodmandod,= a shell-snail. Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo); Bacon, -Sylva, § 732. An E. Anglian word (Ray, 1691); also in prov. use in -various parts of England, meaning (1) a snail, (2) a clumsy ill-shaped -person, (3) a simpleton, (4) a mean stingy person, (5) a scarecrow -(EDD.). - -=hogrel, hoggerel,= a young sheep of the second year; ‘Hoggerell, a yong -shepe’, Palsgrave; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 72. ‘Hoggrel’ is in -common prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England for a young -sheep, before it has been shorn (EDD.). - -=hog-rubber,= a clown; a term of reproach. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. -2 (Moll). - -=hoiden,= a rude, ignorant, ill-bred man. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. -1 (Hilts); ‘Shall I argue of conversation with this hoyden?’, Milton, -Colasterion (Works, ed. 1851, p. 364); ‘_Badault_, a fool, dolt, sot, -fop, ass, coxcomb, gaping hoydon’, Cotgrave. Du. _heyden_, ‘homo -agrestis et incultus’ (Kilian). - -=hoigh, on the,= in a state of excitement, riotously disposed, jolly. -Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 (NED.); Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 1 -(Sir Francis). _Hoigh_ = _hoy_, an interjectional cry denoting -excitement. - -=hoit,= to be noisy; to indulge in noisy mirth. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. -of Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. M.); Etherege, Man of Mode, v. 2 -(Dorimant); Fuller, Pisgah, ii. 4. 6. ‘To hoit’, to play the fool; -‘hoyting’, riotous and noisy mirth, are in prov. use in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Hoit, vb.^{1} 4). - -=hokos pokos,= a juggler. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Mirth). Cp. -G. _hokuspokus_, jugglery; see Weigand and H. Paul. - -=Hole, the;= See =counter= (3). In Cook’s play of Green’s Tu Quoque -(printed in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 563) Spendall is represented as in -prison ‘on the Master’s side’, or the best part of the prison. But he -runs through his money, and is advised to remove ‘into some cheaper -ward’. He asks ‘What ward should I remove in?’ Holdfast replies, ‘Why, -to the Twopenny Ward; . . . or, if you will, you may go into the Hole, -and there you may feed for nothing.’ See =basket.= - -=Hollantide,= the season of All Saints, the first week in November, All -Hallows’-tide. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.); -_All-holland-tide_, Your Five Gallants, iv. 2 (Servant). See EDD. (s.v. -Hallantide). OE. _Hālgena tīd_, the Saints’ Season. - -=holt,= a small wood or grove. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 3 -(Sul. Shepherd). ME. _holt_, a plantation (Chaucer, C. T. A. 6). OE. -_holt_, a wood (Beowulf). - -=Holyrood, Holyrode-day,= the Festival of the Invention of the Holy -Cross, May 3; ‘Any time between Martilmas and holy-rode day’, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; the Festival of the Exaltation of the -Holy Cross, Holy Cross Day, September 14, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 52. - -=honest,= chaste. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 247; iii. 3. 236; iv. 2. 107; -‘Like as an whore envyeth an honest woman’, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xvi. 49. - -=honniken,= a term of contempt; a despised fellow. Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, iv. 5 (Lord Mayor); here _honniken_ is equated to needy knave. -Evidently connected with MHG. _hone_, a despised person, one who lives -in shame and contempt; cp. G. _hohn_, scorn, derision. - -=honorificabilitudinitatibus.= Given as a specimen of a long word, L. L. -L. v. 1. 41; Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool). - -=hooch,= a ‘hutch’, a chest. Gascoigne, Flowers (ed. Hazlitt, i. 67). -‘Hutch’ is in common prov. use in Suffolk for one of those oaken chests -still to be seen in cottages (EDD.). ME. _huche_, ‘cista, archa’ -(Prompt.); see note, no. 1031 (EETS., p. 622). See =hutch.= - -=hoodman-blind,= the game now called blind-man’s-buff. Hamlet, iii. 4. -77; _hudman-blind_, Merry Devil, i. 3. 52. From the _hood_ used to blind -the _man_. Cp. _hoodman_, blinded man, All’s Well, iv. 3. 136. [This old -word ‘hoodman-blind’ appears in Tennyson’s In Memoriam, lxxviii.] - -=hooky, hooky,= a cry at harvest-home. Nash, Summer’s Last Will -(Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 54. See EDD. (s.v. Hockey, -sb.^{1}). See =hock-cart.= - -=hoop,= to shout with wonder. Hen. V, ii. 2. 108; to shout at with -insult, Cor. iv. 5. 84. (Usually altered to _whoop_.) Hence, _Hooping_, -a cry of surprise, exclamation of wonder, As You Like It, iii. 2. 203. -ME. _howpe_, to utter a hoop (Chaucer, C.T. B. 4590), OF. _huper_ (later -_houper_). - -=hoove;= see =hove.= - -=hope,= expectation unaccompanied by desire. 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 235; -Othello, i. 3. 203; to expect, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 4 (Fernando); -iv. 2 (Roseilli); Antony and Cl. ii. 1. 38. - -=hopper,= the hopper of a mill; _hopper-hipped_, shaped about the hips -like a ‘hopper’. Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir Simon); -_hopper-rumped_, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Sordido). - -=hopper-crow,= a crow that follows a seed-hopper during sowing. Greene, -James IV, v. 2. 10. See NED. ‘Hopper’, a seed-basket used in sowing corn -by hand, is in prov. use from the north of England to Shropshire (EDD.). - -=hopshakles,= ‘hap-shackles’, bands for confining a horse or cow at -pasture. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 128. ‘Hapshackle’ still in use in -Scotland (NED.). - -=horion,= a severe blow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 19. F. _horion_, -‘a dust, cuff, rap, knock, thump’ (Cotgr.). - -=horn,= a horn-thimble; ‘A horn on your thumb’, Cambyses, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 235. See =horn-thumb.= - -=hornbook,= a paper containing the alphabet, &c., protected by a -transparent plate of horn, and mounted on a wooden tablet with a handle. -Used for teaching the very young. L. L. L. v. 1. 49; Two Noble Kinsmen, -ii. 3. 46. - -=horn-keck,= the gar-fish. Used _fig._, ‘Suche an horne-keke’ (as a term -of abuse), Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 77; l. 304. - -=horn-thumb,= a thimble of horn worn on the thumb by cut-purses, for -resisting the edge of the knife in cutting; ‘I mean a child of the -horn-thumb, a babe of booty, a cut-purse’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Overdo). Cp. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 5 (1661); p. 138, col. 2. - -=horrent,= bristling. Milton, P. L. ii. 513. L. _horrens_, rough, -bristled. - -=horse,= pl. horses. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 280 (and very often). -OE. _hors_, horses, pl. of _hors_. - -=horsecorser,= a dealer in horses. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1084. ‘A -Horse Courser, or Horse scourser, _mango equorum_’, Minsheu (1627); -_horse-courser_, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; Marlowe, Faustus, -iv. 6. See =corser.= - -=hose,= clothing for the legs and loins, breeches. As You Like It, ii. -7. 160; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 185, 239. ‘Doublet and hose’, the typical male -attire (i.e. without a cloak), Much Ado, i. 203; Merry Wives, iii. 1. -47. - -=hospitage,= hospitality. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 6. Med. L. -_hospitagium_ (Ducange). - -=hospitale,= a place of rest, a building for receiving guests, a -‘hostel’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 10. Med. L. _hospitale_ (Ducange). - -=host,= a victim to be sacrificed. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 196. L. -_hostia_, an animal sacrificed, victim. - -=host,= to receive as a guest, to entertain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27; -_hosted with_, lodged with, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2. - -=hostless,= inhospitable. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 3. - -=hostry,= a hostelry, an inn, lodging; ‘There was no roume for them in -the hostrey’, Tyndale, Luke ii. 7; Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23; Marlowe, -Faustus, iv. 6 (near the end). OF. _hosterie_, _hostrie_, an inn. Cp. -Ital. _osteria_. - -=hot,= _pt. t._ of _hit_. Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -vii. 276; Beard, Theatre, God’s Judgem. i. 21 (ed. 1631, 122); pp., R. -Scott, Discov. Witcher. xii. 15 (ed. 1886, 206). In prov. use in -Warwicksh., Bedfordsh., and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Hit, 2 and 3). - -=hot, hote,= was named, was called; ‘It rightly hot The well of life’, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 29; ‘Another Knight that hote Sir Brianor’, ib., -iv. 4. 40. OE. _hātte_ (Matt. xiii. 55), pres. and pt. t. of _hātan_, to -be called. See =hight.= - -=hote,= _pt. t._, named; ‘A shepheard trewe yet not so true As he that -earst I hote’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 164. A mistaken form, from -confusion with the above. The usual late ME. form is _hight_ (_hiȝt_), -_hehte_ (in Layamon); OE. _hēht_ (_hēt_), pt. t. of _hātan_, to call, -name. - -=hot-house,= a bagnio, house for hot baths; a house of ill-fame. Measure -for M. ii. 1. 66; Westward Ho (near the beginning). - -=Hough-munday;= see =Hock-day.= - -=hounces,= housings, trappings of a horse; ‘Gemmes That stood upon the -Collars, Trace, and Hounces in their Hemmes’, Golding, Metam. ii. 109 -(not in Latin text). The explanation in NED., ‘an ornament on the collar -of a horse’, applies only to other passages; in this case, the gems -ornamented the collars, traces, and housings. ‘Hounce’ is an E. Anglian -word for the red and yellow worsted ornament spread over the collar of a -cart-horse (EDD.). It is a nasalized form of F. _housse_, a foot-cloth -for a horse (Cotgr.). - -=housel= (_fig._ used), to give repentance to; ‘May zealous smiths so -housel all our hacknies, that they may feel compunction in their feet’, -Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1, (Shorthose). See below. - -=housling;= ‘The housling fire’, i.e. the sacramental fire, Spenser, F. -Q. i. 12. 37. The Roman marriage was solemnized _sacramento ignis et -aquae_. ME. _houselen_, to administer the Eucharist (P. Plowman, B. xix. -3); _housele_, the Eucharist (ib., C. xxii. 394). OE. _hūsel_. See Dict. -(s.v. Housel). - -=hout,= a ‘hoot’, an outcry, clamour. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iv. 1 -(Andrugio). See Dict. (s.v. Hoot). - -=hove,= to tarry, stay, dwell. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 20; Colin Clout, -666; ‘(At Bosworth) some stode hovynge a-ferre of’, Fabyan (cited by -Way). A north-country word, now obsolete (EDD.). ME. _hovyn_, as hors, -and abydyn, ‘sirocino’, Prompt. EETS. 236. See Dict. M. and S., and -Way’s note in Prompt., p. 252. - -=Howleglas;= see =Owlglass.= - -=howres,= hours, i.e. the prayers said at the canonical hours or stated -times for prayer; ‘The Hermite . . . Was wont his howres and holy things -to bed’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 5. 35. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Hours -of Prayer). - -=hoyle,= a mark made use of by archers when shooting at rovers (NED.). -Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 334. See =rove.= - -=hoyn,= to grumble, grunt. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 4. A Lincoln -word, see EDD. (s.v. Hone, vb.^{2} 1). Norm. F. _hoigner_, ‘hogner, -geindre, pleurnicher, se lamenter’ (Moisy). - -=hoyst, brock!,= a cry of encouragement to a horse. Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. ii, ch. 10. - -=huck-bone,= the hip-bone. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 57. 4. ‘Huck’ is a -Lincoln word, see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1} 1), so, in Tennyson’s -Northern Cobbler, ‘I slither’d an’ hurted my huck.’ See NED. - -=hucke,= to higgle, chaffer, bargain. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, -ch. 26, st. 45; ‘I love not to sell my ware to you, you hucke so sore’, -Palsgrave. A west-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Huck, vb.^{2}). ME. -_hukke_, ‘auccionor’ (Voc. 566. 36). Cp. MHG. _hucke_, ‘Kleinhändler’ -(Lexer). - -=huckle,= the hip, haunch. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 45; Butler, Hud. i. 2. -925. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=huckle-bone,= the hip-bone, Hobbes, Iliad, 67 (NED.); the astragalus, -‘Ἀστράγαλος is in Latin _talus_ and it is the little square hucclebone -in the ancle place of the hinder legge in all beastes saving man’, -Udall, Apoph., 185; ‘_Bibelots_, hucklebones or the play at -hucklebones’, Cotgrave. This name for the game is in prov. use in the -north, in Lincoln, Surrey, and Sussex (EDD.). - -=huckson,= lit. the hough-sinew; also, the hough or hock; corresponding -to the heel in man. Herrick, The Beggar to Mab, 11. A Devon word, see -EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1}). OE. _hōhsinu_. See NED. (s.v. Hockshin, also, -Huxen). - -=hudder-mudder;= see =hodermoder.= - -=huddle,= to hurry; ‘The huddling brook’, Milton, Comus, 495; ‘Country -vicars when the sermon’s done, Run huddling to the benediction’, Dryden, -Epil. to Sir Martin Mar-all, 2; to hurry over in a slovenly way, Dryden, -tr. of Virgil, Georgics, i. 353. - -=huddle, old,= a term of contempt for a decrepit old man. Lyly, Euphues, -p. 133; Webster, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). - -=huddypeke;= see =hoddypeke.= - -=hudman-blind;= see =hoodman-blind.= - -=huff,= to brag, talk big, bluster; freq. _to huff it_. B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. i. 2. 35 (Knowell); Peele, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 2 (end); -_huff_, a specimen of brag, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 391; hence -_huff-cap_, a swaggerer, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); -_attrib._ blustering, swaggering, ‘Half-cap terms’, Bp. Hall, Sat. i. 3. -17. - -=huffecap,= a heady ale; ‘Such headie ale and beere as for the -mightinesse thereof . . . is commonlie called huffecap’, Harrison, Desc. -England, bk. ii, ch. 18; ‘This Huf-cap (as they call it) and _nectar_ of -lyfe’, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (Church-ales); Greene, Looking Glasse, -ii. 3. - -=hugger-mugger,= secretly. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 392; _in -hugger-mugger_, Hamlet, iv. 5. 84; Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 123; -Spenser, Mother Hub. 139. Etymology unknown. It has been suggested that -_hugger-mugger_ may be connected with the Anglo-Irish _cugger-mugger_, -which means whispering, gossiping in a low voice, see Joyce, English as -we speak it in Ireland, p. 243, and Modern Language Review, July, 1912 -(On some Etymologies). - -=hugy,= huge, vast. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503; Dryden, tr. of -Virgil, Aeneid v, 113. - -=huisher,= an ‘usher’, door-keeper of a court, servant of an official, -B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3. 11; ‘His sergeants or huishers -(_lictores_)’, Holland, Livy, xxiv. 44; _husher_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. -13; _hushier_, Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Induction. F. -_huissier_, deriv. of (_h_)_uis_, door. See Dict. (s.v. Usher). - -=huke,= a cape or cloak, with a hood. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 56; Bacon, -New Atlantis, 1639, p. 24. OF. _huque_. Med. L. _huca_, ‘ricinium quo -scilicet mulieres olim caput operiebant et velabant’ (Ducange). - -=hulched up,= cramped up; ‘I hate to be hulched up in a coach’, -Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 3 (Belinda). - -=hulder,= the name of a kind of wood for arrows; ‘Hulder, black thorne -. . . make holow, starting, studding, gaddynge shaftes’, Ascham, -Toxophilus, p. 124. The MHG. _holder_ (G. _holunder_) means ‘elder’; it -is objected that Ascham mentions ‘elder’ in the same sentence, and this -suggests some difference. The difference may be only in name, according -as the wood is foreign or native. Some say _hulver_ (= holly) is meant; -but I think _holly_ would be praised. - -=hulk,= to disembowel; ‘Hulke hir (which is to open hir and take out hyr -garbage)’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 62; p. 175; Beaumont and Fl., -Philaster, v. 4. 36. In prov. use in E. Anglia for taking out the -entrails of a rabbit, see EDD. (s.v. Hulk, vb.^{3} 1). - -=hull,= to float, to drift, or move on the sea as a ship with the sails -furled, by the action of winds and waves upon the hull. Richard III, iv. -4. 488; Twelfth Night, i. 5. 217; Milton, P. L. xi. 840; Sir T. Browne, -Christian Morals, i. 1 (ed. Greenhill, 161). - -=hum,= a kind of liquor; strong or double ale. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, -i. 1 (Satan); Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, ii. 3 (Belleur). Hence, -_Hum-glass_, a glass for ‘hum’. Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam). See -Nares. - -=humblesse,= humility. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 26; i. 12. 8. Anglo-F. -_humblesse_ (Gower). - -=humbling,= rumbling (of wind blasts); Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid (ed. -Arber, 19); buzzing as a bee (ed. Arber, 31). - -=humdrum,= a commonplace fellow; ‘Stand still humdrum’, Butler, -Hudibras, i. 3. 112; ‘A consort for every humdrum’, B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen). - -=humect,= to moisten. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11 (end). L. -_humectare_, _humectus_, wet; _humere_, _umere_, to be wet. - -=humorous,= moist, humid, damp; ‘Every lofty top, which late the -humorous night Bespangled had with pearle’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 214; -‘The humorous night’, Romeo, ii. 1. 31; with play on sense of fanciful, -whimsical, humoursome, L. L. L. iii. 1. 177; moody, ill-humoured, As You -Like It, i. 2. 278. - -=humour;= in ancient and mediaeval physiology, one of the four chief -fluids (blood, phlegm, choler, melancholy) by the relative proportions -of which a man’s physical and mental qualities were supposed to be -determined; hence, mental disposition, temperament, mood. L. L. L. v. 1. -10; Merry Wives, ii. 3. 80. See Schmidt’s Shakespeare-Lexicon (s.v.); -also, B. Jonson’s Every Man in Humour (H. B. Wheatley’s account of the -word in Introduction, pp. xxx-xxxiv). - -=Humphrey;= see =Duke Humphrey.= - -=hunte, hunt,= a hunter, huntsman. Golding, Metam. viii. 359; Gascoigne, -Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 313; Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1 -(NED.). OE. _hunta_, a huntsman (Chron., ann. 1127); hence Hunt as a -proper name. - -=hunt’s-up,= the hunt is up; a tune played to awaken huntsmen. Romeo, -iii. 5. 34; _the hunt is up_, Titus Andron. ii. 2. 1; Fletcher, Bonduca, -ii. 4 (near the end). - -=hurle,= strife, commotion. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 27. ME. -_hurl_, or debate, ‘sedicio’ (Prompt.). See below. - -=hurlwind,= a tempestuous wind. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 8. Cp. the -Cumberland word ‘hurl’ for a tempest, see EDD. (s.v. Hurl, sb.^{3} 11). -ME. _hurle_, rush, noise (of the sea); _hurling_, roaring (Wars Alex.). - -=hurricano,= a hurricane. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, v. 2 (Malefort); a -water-spout, ‘The dreadful spout which shipmen do the hurricano call’, -Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 172. See Dict. (s.v. Hurricane), and Stanford. - -=hurring,= reverberation. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 253. - -=hurry-durry,= boisterous, as rough weather; hence, impatient, -irritable; ‘’Tis a hurry-durry blade’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i. 1 (2 -Sailor). - -=huswife, housewife,= a hussy, a pert girl. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. -Antonius, § 3 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161); ‘Impudent housewife!’ Vanbrugh, -The Confederacy, v. 2 (Gripe). - -=hutch,= to hoard, as in a _hutch_ or chest. Milton, Comus, 719. See -=hooch.= - -=hyaline;= ‘The clear Hyaline, the glassy sea’, Milton, P. L. vii. 619. -Cp. Apoc. iv. 6: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη, ‘a sea of glass like unto crystal.’ - -=hyce, hyse,= to ‘hoist’ up; ‘I hyce up an ancre; I hyse up the sayle’, -Palsgrave. Dutch _hyssen_, ‘to hoise’ (Sewel). See Dict. (s.v. Hoist). - -=hydegy,= a rustic dance. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 264; _hydagy_, id., xxvi. -206. See =hay-de-guy.= - -=hydromancy,= divination by water. Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 2. 16 -(W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D). Gk. ὑδρομαντεία. - -=hydroptic,= dropsical; ‘His hydroptic thoughts’, Lady Alimony, i. 3 -(Timon). [‘Soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst’, Browning, Grammarian’s -Funeral, 95.] Deriv. of Gk. ὕδρωψ, the dropsy. - -=hydrus,= a water-snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. L. _hydrus_; Gk. ὕδρος, a -water-snake. Cp. _hydra_. - -=hyke,= a cry to hounds, to encourage them to the chase; ‘Hyke a Talbot, -Hyke a Bewmont, Hyke, Hyke, to him, to him’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; -p. 112; ‘Hike, hallow, hike’, id., c. 62, p. 175. [Cp. Scott, Quentin -Durward, c. 33.] - -=hyleg= or =hylech;= ‘A Term apply’d by Astrologers to a Planet, or part -of Heaven which in a Man’s Nativity becomes the Moderator and -Significator of his Life’, Phillips, Dict. (1706); Fletcher, Bloody -Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3, 7; B. Jonson, Staple -of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). Pers. (and Turkish) _hailāj_, a calculation -of astrologers, a ‘nativity’. See NED. - -=hypodidascal,= an usher. Shirley, Love Tricks, iii. 5 (Gorgon). Gk. -ὑποδιδάσκαλος, under-master or subordinate teacher. - -=hypostasis,= a sediment, esp. of urine. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 -(Physician); Nabbes, Microcosmus, iv (Phlegm). Gk. ὑπόστασις, lit. that -which stands under; hence, sediment. - - - - - I - - -=iambographer,= a writer of iambic verses. Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, i. 2 -(Montenegro). Gk. ἰαμβογράφος. - -=idlesse, ydlesse,= idleness. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 31; Greene, -Alphonsus, Prol. 11. - -=idol,= a phantom. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxiii. 94; Od. iv. 1074; an -image, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); _idole_, image, reflection, -likeness, Spenser. F. Q. ii. 2. 41. Gk. εἴδωλον, an image, a phantom -(Homer). - -=igniferent,= fire-producing, flaming. Birth of Merlin, iv. 5. 95. L. -_igniferens_. - -=ilke,= an ‘elk’, a wild swan. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 86, where it is -remarked that it is ‘of Hollanders so term’d’. See =elk.= - -=illecebrous,= enticing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; W. -Webbe. Eng. Poetry (ed. Arber, p. 45). From L. _illecebra_, enticement; -_illicere_, to entice. - -=illect,= to entice, allure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 4. -From the pp. stem of _illicere_, to allure. - -=ill-mewed,= kept in confinement without proper attention. Beaumont and -Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3 (Jaques). See =mew= (2). - -=ill-part,= playing an evil part; ‘King John, that ill part personage’, -Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Friar); see NED. (s.v. Ill, iv. 8. B). - -=illustrate,= to render illustrious; ‘Matter to me of glory, whom their -hate Illustrates’, Milton, P. L. v. 739; ‘Good men are the stars, the -planets of the ages wherein they live, and illustrate the times’, B. -Jonson, Discoveries, lxxxvi (p. 751). L. _illustrare_, to make famous. - -=imbibition,= treatment with a liquid, which was absorbed. B. Jonson, -Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). - -=imboss,= to take refuge. Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 130. See below. - -=imbost,= driven to an extremity, like a hunted animal. Beaumont and -Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); exhausted, Drayton, Pol. xiii. -135. See =embost.= - -=imbosture,= embossed ornament, raised work; ‘There nor wants Imbosture -nor embroidery’, Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Rufinus). -See =emboss.= - -=imbrangle,= to confuse, mix up, entangle. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 19. A -Cheshire word: ‘An imbrangled affair’ (EDD.); cp. ‘brangled’, in prov. -use: ‘His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of ’em’ -(Northampton); see EDD. (s.v. Brangle, vb. 2). OF. _branler_, to shake, -brandish (a lance) (Ch. Rol. 3327). - -=imbrayde,= to upbraid. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 3. See -=embraid.= - -=imbroccato,= a pass or thrust in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 -(_or_ 4) (Bobadil); _imbrocatas_, pl., Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). Ital. _imbroccata_, ‘a thrust at fence, or a venie giuen -ouer the dagger’ (Florio); _imbroccare_, to thrust. See =embrocata.= - -=immane,= huge, great in size. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 296; Odyssey, -ix. 268. L. _immanis_. - -=immoment,= of no moment, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 166. - -=imp,= offspring, child. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 47; Hen. V, iv. 1. 45; ‘Thou -most dreaded impe of highest Jove’, Spenser, F. Q., Introd. 3; i. 9. 6; -i. 10. 60; i. 11. 5; ‘The King preferred eighty noble imps to the order -of knighthood’, Stow Annals, 1592 (Trench, Sel. Gl.). The orig. mg. of -_imp_ was a graft, scion, or young shoot. ME. _impe_: ‘of feble trees -ther comen wrecched impes’ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 3146); OE. _impe_, a -shoot, graft; _impian_, to graft. Med. L. _impotus_, a graft (Lex -Salica); Gk. ἔμφυτος, engrafted (N.T. James i. 21). - -=imp,= to engraft new feathers on to a hawk’s wing; to supply it with -new feathers. Richard II, ii. 1. 292; Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); Rule a Wife, ii. 1. 6. - -=impacable,= unappeasable. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 22; Ruines of Time, -395. L. _pacare_, to appease. - -=impale,= to encircle, as with a pale, to surround. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3; -Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 2. 7; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 308. - -=impassible,= incapable of suffering. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, -c. 24, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 95. Patristic L. _impassibilis_ -(Tertullian). - -=impeach,= to hinder. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 28; Spenser, -Virgil’s Gnat, 576. See =empeach.= - -=impechement,= hindrance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15 (end). -See =empesshement.= - -=imperance,= commanding quality, command. Hero and Leander, iii. 392. L. -_imperare_, to command. - -=impertinent,= not pertinent, irrelevant. Bacon, Essay 26; Tempest i. 2. -138. - -=impeticos,= to pocket. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 27; a burlesque word coined -by the fool; it seems to suggest _petticoat_. - -=implore,= entreaty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 37. - -=imply,= to enfold. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; i. 6. 6; to involve as a -necessary consequence, Pericles, iv. 1. 82. - -=importable,= not to be borne, unendurable. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 35; -Chaucer, C. T. B. 3792. L. _importabilis_, unbearable. - -=importance,= import, meaning. Winter’s Tale, v. 2. 20; a matter that -concerns, Cymb. i. 4. 45; urgent request, ‘At our importance hither is -he come’, King John, ii. 7; Twelfth Nt. v. 371. F. _importance_, -‘importance, moment, value’ (Cotgr.). - -=important,= urgent. Much Ado, ii. 1. 74; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s -Fortune, iv. 1 (Veramour). - -=importune,= grievous, severe. Spenser, F. Q, i. 12. 16; ii. 6. 29; -importunate, Bacon, Essay 9. L. _importunus_, troublesome. - -=imposterous, impostorous,= deceitful, like an impostor. Beaumont and -Fl., Woman-hater, iii. 2 (Duke); Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 3 -(Horsus). - -=impostumation,= a tumour. Bacon, Essay 15, § 14. From _impostume_ -(_imposthume_). - -=impotence,= want of self-restraint, ungovernable passion. Massinger, A -Very Woman, ii. 1 (Antonio). - -=impotent,= unable to restrain oneself, unrestrained. Spenser, F. Q. v. -12. 1; Massinger, Unnatural Combat, iii. 2. 37. L. _impotens_, -powerless. See Trench, Select Glossary (s.v.). - -=imprest,= advance-pay of soldiers or sailors. Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, i. 1 (L. Mayor); _imprest money_, money advanced, a loan, B. -Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). Ital. _impresto_, a loan; -_imprestare_, to lend (Florio). - -=improperation,= a reproach, a taunt. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, -§ 3. Deriv. of Late L. _improperare_, to reproach (Vulgate, Rom. xv. 3). - -=improve,= to use for advantage, to turn to account. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. -159. - -=improved,= approved. Middleton, The Widow, i. 1 (Brandino). - -=impuissance,= want of power, weakness. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -92). - -=in;= _in-and-in_, a gambling game for three persons, with four dice; -_in-and-in_ was when there were two doublets, or all four dice alike, -which swept all the stakes. B. Jonson, New Inn, Bat Burst, an -_in-and-in_ man, i.e. a professed gambler. See Halliwell. _In by the -week_, (?) prepared to go on for a week, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2. -4. _In dock, out nettle_, a popular charm, said when rubbing a dock-leaf -on the skin, to remove the effects of a sting by a nettle. Hence applied -to a change from pain to joy, or to any exhibition of inconstancy or -unsteadiness (Nares). Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3. 8; Heywood, English -Proverbs, 54, 133. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Nettle). ME. _Netle in, -dokke out_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 461). See Skeat, Early English -Proverbs, § 187. - -=incarnadine,= to dye red. Macbeth, ii. 2. 62. _Incarnadine_ = F. -_incarnadin_; Ital. _incarnadino_, carnation colour (Florio); lit. -flesh-colour, deriv. of _carne_, flesh. - -†=incartata,= an (assumed) term in fencing. Pl. _incartata’s_, Nabbes, -Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Nabbes explains it as being one of the -‘terms in our dialect to puzzle desperate ignorance’. - -=incend,= to heat; to inflame, incite. _Incended_, heated, Sir T. Elyot, -Castel of Helth, bk. iii, c. 3; Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § last but one. -L. _incendere_, to set on fire. - -=incense,= to ‘insense’, to make to understand. Hen. VIII, v. 1. 43. ‘To -insense’ (also written ‘incense’) is in gen. prov. use in the sense of -‘to cause to understand, to explain’ in Scotland and Ireland, also in -England, from the north to Somerset and Cornwall; see EDD. Anglo-F. -_ensenser_, to inspire, persuade (Gower). - -=incentive,= enkindling; ‘Incentive reed . . . pernicious with one touch -to fire’ (i.e. the gunner’s match), Milton, P. L. vi. 519. - -=inceration,= a bringing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). Deriv. of L. _cera_, wax. Cp. =ceration.= - -=inchoation,= beginning. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 62, 92). L. -_inchoatio_, beginning (Vulgate, Heb. vi. 1); deriv. of _inchoare_, to -begin. - -=inchpin,= a name among huntsmen for the sweetbread of a deer; by some -explained as ‘the lower gut’, so Cotgrave (s.v. _Boyau_); Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, i. 219; ‘The sweete gut which some call the Inchpinne’, -Turbervile, Hunting, 134; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Robin). - -=incision,= blood-letting. _To make incision_, to let blood, in order to -cure, As You Like It, iii. 2. 75; gallants were in the habit of stabbing -their arms, to prove their love for a mistress, Merchant of Venice, ii. -1. 6. - -=incomber,= an ‘encumber’, an encumbrance on an estate, a mortgage; -‘Raves hee for bonds and incombers’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play -(Lurchall’s last speech), Works, iii. 358. - -=income,= an entrance-fee. Latimer, Seven Sermons before Edw. VI (ed. -Arber, p. 50); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Mugeron); a coming in, -arrival, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvii. 482. - -=incompared,= incomparable, matchless. Spenser, Verses to Sir F. -Walsingham, l. 1. - -=incontinent,= immediately. Richard II, v. 6. 48; Othello, iv. 3. 12. F. -_incontinent_, ‘incontinently, immediately’ (Cotgr.). Late L. _in -continenti_ (_tempore_), in continuous time, without interval -(Tertullian); see Rönsch. - -=incontinently,= immediately. Othello, i. 3. 306. - -=incony,= fine, delicate, pretty; ‘My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my -in-conie Jew’, L. L. L. iii. 1. 136; iv. 1. 144; ‘Thy incony lap’, -Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (_or_ 6). A cant word, prevalent about -1600, of doubtful meaning and of unascertained origin. - -=increable,= incredible. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 140. 9; lf. 150, -back, 6. OF. _increable_ (F. _incroyable_), incredible. - -=indagation,= investigation. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxiv. L. -_indagatio_ (Cicero). - -=inde,= blue; see =ynde.= - -=indeniz’d into,= made to dwell in another body, metamorphosed into; -‘The perverse and peevish Are next indeniz’d into wrinkled apes’, -Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 3. 23; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 172. Short -for _endenizen’d_. - -=indent,= to bargain. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 87. Lit. to make an indenture or -covenant; an indenture being so called because duplicate deeds were cut -with notched edges to fit one another. Med. L. _indentare_, ‘dente -infringere, occare’ (Ducange); Law L. _indentare_, to indent. - -=indifferent,= impartial. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 1; v. 9. 36. - -=indigne,= unworthy, undeserving. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 30. F. -_indigne_. - -=indignify,= to treat with indignity, to scorn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. -30; Colin Clout, 583. - -=induction,= a bringing in; ‘The solemne induction of the Arke into the -oracle’, BIBLE, 2 Chron. v (contents); initial step in an undertaking, 1 -Hen. IV, iii. 1. 2. L. _inductio_, an introduction, leading into -(Cicero). - -=indue,= to clothe, used _fig._: ‘Untill ye be indued with power from on -high’ (quoadusque induamini virtutem ex alto), BIBLE, Luke xxiv. 49. L. -_induo_, to put on an article of dress. - -=indue,= to endow. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Two Gent. v. 4. 153; _indued -unto_, endowed with qualities suited to, Hamlet, iv. 7. 180; _indues -to_, brings to, Othello, iii. 4. 146. See =endue.= - -=indurance;= see =endurance.= - -=inew;= see =enew.= - -=infame,= to accuse as being infamous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, -c. 7, § 10. _Infamed_, branded with infamy, Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. Med. -L. _infamare_, ‘accusare, criminari’ (Ducange). - -=infamous,= ill-spoken of, of ill report. Milton, Comus, 424; deserving -of infamy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 27. - -=infant,= a youth of noble or gentle birth. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 25 -(used of ‘a young knight’ of Prince Arthur); vi. 8. 25 (used of Prince -Arthur). OF. _enfant_, a young aspirant to knightly honours (Ch. Rol. -3196). Cp. the use of ‘Childe’ for a youth trained to arms, in Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 8. 7 (see Glossary, ed. C. P.). - -=infarce,= to stuff, cram full. Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Helth, bk. iii, -c. 1; id., Governour, bk. i, c. 3 (end). L. _infarcire_, to stuff. - -=infausting,= a bringing of ill-luck. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -179). From L. _infaustus_, unlucky. - -=infer,= to bring upon, inflict. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 31; to bring -about, Richard III, iv. 4. 343. L. _inferre_, to bring upon. - -=infude,= to infuse. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 23, § 2; see -Croft’s note, ii. 351. - -=infuse,= infusion. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 47. - -=ingate,= entrance, ingress. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. -650, l. 22; Ruines of Time, 47. In prov. use in the north country -(EDD.). See =gate.= - -=ingenerate,= begotten; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, bk. xviii. 323; -implanted, Sir T. Elyet, Governour, bk. i, ch. 20, § 1. L. -_ingeneratus_, inborn, implanted. - -=ingenious,= ingenuous. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Duchess). -Conversely, _ingenuously_ = ingeniously, id., Devil’s Law-case, i. 1 -(Contarino). - -=ingine, ingene,= ingenuity, quickness of intellect. B. Jonson, Tale of -a Tub, v. 2 (Tub); Every Man, v. 3 (_or_ 1) (Clement). ‘Ingine’ is the -usual Scottish form (EDD.). See =enginous.= - -=ingle,= a favourite boy, an intimate associate, darling. B. Jonson, -Sil. Woman, i. 1 (Truewit); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Viola). A -Gloucestershire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ingle, sb.^{2} 1). - -=ingle,= to wheedle, coax. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2 -(Imperia). - -=ingram,= ignorant. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1 -(Shorthose); Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 397; Bullein’s Dialogue, 5 (Halliwell); ‘An ingrame, -_ignarus_’, Levins, Manipulus. A Northumberland word (EDD.). - -=ingurgitation,= a gluttonous swallowing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i, c. 11, § last; id., bk. iii, c. 22, § 2. Late L. _ingurgitatio_, -immoderate eating and drinking; L. _gurges_, an abyss, used _fig._ of an -insatiable craving (Cicero). - -=inhabitable,= uninhabitable. Richard II, i. 1. 65; Puttenham, Eng. -Poesie, bk. iii, c. 22; p. 266. F. _inhabitable_, ‘unhabitable’ -(Cotgr.). L. _inhabitabilis_, not habitable (Cicero). - -=inhabited,= not dwelt in, uninhabited. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, iii. -1 (Thierry). F. _inhabité_, uninhabited (Cotgr.). - -=inholder,= a tenant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. Not found elsewhere. - -=iniquity;= see =vice.= - -=injury,= to injure. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (near the end); -Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iii. 2 (Tailby); to abuse with words, ‘We -freely give our souldiers libertie to . . . injurie him with all manner -of reproaches’, Florio, Montaigne, I. xlvii. F. _injurier_ (Montaigne). - -=inkle,= a kind of tape. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 208; also _incle_, Shirley, -Gamester, iv. 1 (Page). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Inkle, sb.^{1}) . - -=inlawed,= brought under the protection of the law. Bacon, Henry VII -(ed. Lumby, p. 16). - -=inleck,= a leak in a ship, letting water in. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -i. 560. OE. _hlec_, leaky. Not found elsewhere. - -=inly,= inward. Two Gent. ii. 7. 18; _inly_, inwardly, Temp. v. 200; -intimately, deeply. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 38. - -=inmew;= in Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 2 (Miranda): ‘As if a -Falcon . . . at his pitch inmew the Town below him.’ Probably a misprint -for _innew_, a spelling of =enew,= q.v. - -=inn,= a dwelling-place, abode, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 33; iii. 3 -30; vi. iii. 29. ME. _in_, dwelling (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3622). OE. _inn_, -‘domus’ (Matt. xiii. 36). - -=innocent,= a fool, idiot. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 98); Fletcher, -Rule a Wife, iii. 1. 14. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). - -=inquest,= a quest, search. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 4. - -=inquisition,= inquiry, search. Temp. i. 2. 35; ‘Inquisycion for -bloode’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. ix. 12. L. _inquisitio_, a judicial -inquiry (Vulgate, Acts xii. 19). - -=in-same,= together, in company, in late use, a mere expletive; ‘Lo! my -top I drive in-same’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 245; ‘I -am seemly-shapen in-same’; id. 247. ME. _samen_, together (Ormulum, -377); _in same_, together (used as an expletive), see Wars Alex. 2646. - -=insecution,= close pursuit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 524; xxiii. 448. -Late L. _insecutio_, ‘persecutio’ (Ducange). - -=insense;= see =incense.= - -=insignement,= teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. -12, § 5. See =enseignement.= - -=insolence,= originality of genius (of a poet); ‘Being filled with -furious insolence’, Spenser, Colin Clout, 619. See Trench, Sel. Gl. 150. - -=insolent,= unusual, original; ‘Most loftie, insolent, and passionate’, -Puttenham. Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 31; p. 77. L. _insolens_, unusual. - -=instance,= urgency; ‘With all instance and supplicacion’ (= Vulgate, -_in omni instantia et obsecratione_), Tyndale, Eph. vi. 18). F. -_instance_, urgency (Cotgr.). - -=instance,= something which urges or impels, a motive, cause. Richard -III, iii. 2. 25; All’s Well, iv. 1. 44. Late L. _instantia_, urgency. - -=instant,= urgent, persevering. BIBLE, Rom. xii. 12 (AV.); _instantly_, -urgently, earnestly, Luke vii. 4 (Tyndale and AV.). L. _instans_, -persevering (Vulgate, Acts vi. 4). - -=instate,= to endow. Measure for M. v. 1. 429; _instate to_, make over -to, Dekker and Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (O. Thorney). - -=instaure,= to renew, repair. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Jacomo). L. -_instaurare_, to renew (Vulgate, Eph. i. 10). - -=instinction,= instigation, inspiration. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -ch. 13, § 4; natural impulse, instinct, id., bk. iii, ch. 3, § 5. Deriv. -of L. _instinctus_, instigated, pp. of _instinguere_. - -=instop,= to stop up or fill up the seams of a ship. Dryden, Annus -Mirabilis, st. 147. Du. _instoppen_, to cram in (Sewel). - -=intend,= to stretch or shoot out (of a dragon’s sting). Spenser, F. Q. -i. 11. 38. L. _intendere_. - -=intend,= to attend to; ‘(When Augustus was at the games) he did nothing -else but intend the same’, Holland, tr. Suetonius. 60 (Trench, Sel. Gl. -151); ‘Every man profiteth in that he most intendeth’, Bacon, Essay 29; -Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce); Massinger, Emperor of the -East, i. 2 (Pulcheria). - -=intendiment,= understanding. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 32; Teares of the -Muses, 144. Med. L. _intendimentum_, ‘mens, intelligentia’, _intendere_, -‘intelligere’ (Ducange). - -=interesse,= the being concerned or having part in the possession of -anything; ‘interest’, title, or claim; ‘The right title and interesse -that they have’, Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 2, § 5; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 33; -interest on money, Hen. VIII, Instruct. Orator (NED.). Anglo-F. -_interesse_, A.D. 1388 (NED.); Med. L. _interesse_, ‘usura, foenus, quod -ultra sortem solvitur, vel quod quanti alicujus interest’ (Ducange); -subst. use of L. _interesse_, to be between, to be of importance. - -=interessed,= _pp._, interested; ‘(They) were commonly interessed -therein themselves for their own ends’, Bacon, Essay 3 (end); ‘The -heathens . . . were nothing interessed in that dispute’, Dryden, Pref. -Religio Laici (ed. Christie, Clar. Press, p. 123); Massinger, Duke of -Milan, i. 1; spelt _interest_, invested with a right or share, King -Lear, i. 1. 87. - -=interest,= to invest a person with a share in, or title to something; -‘Aurora ravish’d him . . . And interested him amongst the Gods’, -Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xv. 326. - -=interlunar,= between two moons; with reference to the period between -the waning of the old and the waxing of the new moon; ‘Silent as the -moon . . . Hid in her vacant interlunar cave’, Milton, Samson, 89. L. -_lunaris_, relating to the moon. - -=intrince,= intricate, entangled. King Lear, ii. 2. 81; short for -_intrinsicate_, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 307. Deriv. of L. _intrinsecus_, -inwardly. - -=intuse,= a bruise. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 33. L. _intusus_, pp. of -_intundere_, to bruise. - -=inundant,= inundating, overflowing. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. v -(Generous), vol. iv, p. 252, l. 4. L. _inundare_, to inundate. - -=invect,= to inveigh. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 3 (M. -Tullius). Cp. L. _invectio_, an attacking with words, deriv. of -_invehere_, to inveigh against. - -=invent,= to find. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 10; v. 11. 50. - -=invest,= to enwrap, to enfold; ‘While night Invests the sea’, Milton, -P. L. i. 208; iii. 10; vii. 372; to put on, to don, Spenser, F. Q. iv. -5. 18. L _investire_, to clothe. - -=investion,= investiture. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (near the end). - -=invinced,= unconquered; never before conquered. Heywood, Silver Age, A -iii (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 131. L. _vincere_, to conquer. Only found -in Heywood’s writings. - -=invious,= pathless, trackless. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 386. Cp. L. _invius_; -from _via_, a way. - -=inward,= intimate, confidential; ‘Inward Counsellours’, Bacon, Essays, -20, § 4; Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Mendoza); an intimate acquaintance, -‘I was an inward of his’, Measure for M. iii. 2. 138. - -†=iper,= a kind of fish, of small value; ‘Amongst fishes, a poor iper’, -Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). Only in this passage. - -=Irish,= an old game resembling backgammon. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, v. 4 (Lady); the Irish game, Shirley, St. Patrick (Epilogue). See -Cotton’s Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 109. - -=irous,= wrathful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1. Anglo-F. -_irous_ (Gower); from L. _ira_, anger. - -†=irpes= (?). ‘From Spanish shrugs, French faces, smirks, irpes, and all -affected humours, Good Mercury defend us’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -v. 3 (_Palinode_). - -=Isgrim,= the name of the wolf in the story of Reynard the Fox. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert). _Isegrim_ in Caxton’s version; -_Isengrijn_ in Willem’s Low German poem; _Ysegrim_ in Leeu’s Low German -prose version; see Caxton’s Reynard (ed. Arber, p. ix). - -=island,= a shock-dog, rough dog; lit. ‘Iceland dog’, Shirley, Hyde -Park, i. 2 (Mis. Car.); ‘Her Iceland cur’, Massinger, The Picture, v. 1 -(Ubaldo). - -†=iulan,= of the first growth of the beard; ‘Iulan down’, Middleton, The -Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero). Gk. ἴουλος, the first growth of the -beard. Not found elsewhere. - -=ivybush,= the bush of ivy hung out as a vintner’s sign. Earle, -Microcosmographie, § 12; ed. Arber, p. 33. The same as _bush_ in As You -Like It (Epilogue). - -=iwis, ywis,= (often written _I wis_), certainly, assuredly. Tam. Shrew, -i. 1. 62; Richard III, i. 3. 102; _ywis_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 19; -_i-wusse_, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); _wusse_, id., Devil an -Ass, i. 3 (Fitz). ME. _iwis_, certainly, truly (Chaucer, Compleint, 48); -OE. _gewiss_, certain. - - - - - J - - -=Jack,= a lad, fellow, chap, a young knave. Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 290; -Middleton, Women beware, i. 2 (Ward); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, v. -1 (Sir Harry); a Knave in Cards, Cotton, Complete Gamester, ix; figure -of a man striking the bell on the outside of a clock, Richard III, iv. -2. 117; also, _Jack o’ the clock_, Richard II, v. 5. 60; _Jack i’ the -clock-house_, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 5. 3; _jack_, the piece of -wood with a quill for plucking the strings of the ‘virginal’, Shaks., -Sonnet 128; _Jack o’ Bethleem_, see =bedlam;= _Jack in box_, one who -deceived tradesmen by substituting empty boxes for boxes full of money, -Middleton, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song), see Dyce, iv. 164; -_Jack-a-Lent_, a small stuffed puppet thrown at during Lent; a butt, -Merry Wives, iii. 3. 27; v. 5. 134; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 4 -(Rowland). - -=jack,= a coat of quilted or plated leather, a coat of defence. Drayton, -Pol. xxii. 166; ‘His golden-plated Iacke’, Twyne, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid -x, 314. - -=jack,= a drinking-measure, pot; said to contain half a pint. Taming -Shrew, iv. 1. 51; Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 10. - -=jackman;= see =jarkman.= - -=jack merlin,= a male merlin or hawk. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s -Fortune, v. 1. 13. - -=Jacob’s staff;= ‘A pilgrim’s staff, so called from those who go on -pilgrimage to the city of St. Iago, or St. James Compostella in Spain’, -Blount, Glossographia; with reference to Gen. xxxii. 10, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 6. 35; a cross-staff, an instrument for measuring heights and -distances, Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Techelles); Beaumont and Fl., -Elder Brother, ii. 1 (Brisac); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 786; used by -astrologers and astronomers, Marmyon’s Fine Companion (Nares). - -=jaculation,= a hurling. Milton, P. L. vi. 665. L. _jaculatio_. - -=jade,= to over-drive, to pursue to weariness; ‘It is a dull thing to -tire, and, as we say, to _Iade_ anything too farre’, Bacon, Essay 32; -‘The ne’er-yet beaten horse of Parthia We have jaded out o’ th’ field’, -Ant. and Cl. iii. 1. 34. From ‘jade’, a contemptuous term for a horse; -Scot. _jaud_; Norm. F. *_jaude_, Icel. _jalda_, a mare; cp. Scot. -_yaud_, an old worn-out horse, see EDD. (s.v. Jade). - -=jambeux,= leggings, armour for the legs. Dryden, Palamon and Arc., iii. -35; spelt _giambeux_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. _jambeux_ (Chaucer, -C. T. B. 2065). See Dict. (s.v. Jamb). - -=Jane,= a small silver coin of Genoa, introduced into England in -Chaucer’s time. Phr. _many a Jane_ (i.e. much money), Spenser, F. Q. -iii. 7. 58 (borrowed from Chaucer, C. T. B. 1925). OF. _Janne_(_s_, -Genoa. - -=jane,= a twilled cotton cloth, a kind of fustian, ‘jean’; ‘Jane -judgments’, coarse, common judgments, Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 8. -Named from Genoa. - -=jant,= to over-tire a horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 87. 3; _jaunt_, -Cotgrave (s.v. Jancer). See =jaunce.= - -=jant,= smart, showy; ‘To Smeton . . . Where were dainty ducks, and jant -ones’, Brathwaite, Drunken Barnaby, 119. - -=janty, jaunty,= genteel, elegant, stylish; _janty_, Parson’s Wedding, -i. 3 (Sad); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xiv. 401 (but spelt _ganty_ in ed. -1663); _jantee_, Shadwell, Timon (epilogue). Anglicized phonetic -representation of F. _gentil_, see NED. (s.v. Jaunty). - -=jape,= to jest, joke. Berners, Froissart, I, ccxxxiii. 324; ‘I dyd but -jape with hym’, Palsgrave; a merry tale, a jest, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. iii, ch. 29, § 2; Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 31. ME. _jape_, -vb. (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1699; sb. C. T. A. 4201). Cp. O. Prov. _gap_, -‘plaisanterie, raillerie’ (Levy). - -=jar,= to grate; hence, to quarrel, dispute; ‘We will not jar’, Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Barabas); _jarre_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 105; l. 16. - -=jar,= a grating noise; the tick of a clock; also, a quarrel, dispute; -‘A jar of the clock’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 43; ‘fallen at jars’, 2 Hen. VI, -i. 1. 253. - -=jarkman,= an educated beggar. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1.4; -‘A Ia[r]ckeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake latin; -he vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and sets -to Seales, in their language called Iarkes’, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 5. -Spelt _Jackman_, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (first stage -direction). - -=jasp,= a jasper. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 11. ME. _jasp_ -(Wyclif, Isaiah liv. 12), OF. _jaspe_. L. _iaspis_. Gk. ἴασπις. - -=jaum,= to ‘jam’, press, squeeze; to be hard upon, to jeer at. Heywood, -Witches of Lancs., A. i (near the end); vol. iv, p. 186. In prov. use in -Yorks. and Lincoln, meaning ‘to squeeze’; see EDD. (s.v. Jam). - -=jaunce,= to stir a horse, to make him prance, used _fig._ Richard II, -v. 5. 94; a weary journey, Rom. and Jul. ii. 5. 53; _geances_, -troublesome journeys, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). ‘Jaunce’ -is in use in Sussex for a weary or tiring journey, see EDD. (s.v. -Jance). F. _jancer un cheval_, ‘to stirre a horse in the stable till he -sweat with-all, or as our _jaunt_’ (Cotgr.). See NED. - -=jaunt;= see =jant.= - -=jaunts= (?); ‘You lead me fair jaunts, sir’, Middleton, Mich. Term, -iii. 5 (Shortyard). Perhaps the same word as _jaunce_, taken as a -plural; from _jaunts_ thus evolved would come our _jaunt_. If this -explanation be correct, Middleton’s word would mean ‘troublesome -journeys’. - -=javel,= a low fellow; ‘He called the fellow ribbalde, villaine, javel’, -Robynson, tr. More’s Utopia, 46; Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 309; Appius -and Virginia, Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 150; _javill_, Roper’s Life of Sir -Thos. More (in Robynson’s Utopia, p. lv). ME. _javel_, ‘joppus, joppa’ -(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1097). - -=jawme,= a ‘jamb’, side post of a door-way. Spelt _jame_, Golding, -Metam. xii. 281; fol. 146, bk. (1603); _jawme_, id. (1593). ‘Jawm’ -(‘Jaum’) is still the prov. form in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Jamb). F. _jambe_, ‘the leg, the jaumbe or side-post of a door’ -(Cotgr.). - -=jawn,= a chine, fissure, chasm. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1 -(Pandulfo). See =chawne.= - -=jerk,= to scourge, whip, lash; ‘_Fouetter_, to scourge, yerke, or -jerke’, Cotgrave; a sharp stroke with a whip, Randolph, Muses’ -Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Hence _jerker_, one who lashes severely; -Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 3. See =yerk.= - -=jernie,= to utter a profane oath; ‘Although he jernie and blaspheme’, -Butler, On our Imitation of the French (near the end); Remains (ed. -1759, i. 84); see NED. F. _jerni_ (_jarni_), for _jarnidieu_, i.e. _je -renie Dieu_, I renounce God. See Cotgrave (s.v. _Jarnigoy_). - -=jert,= to use a whip. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, viii. 52. See EDD. - -=jest,= a deed, action; ‘A worthy jest’, Wounds of Civil War, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 186; ‘in this jest’, in this action, Downfall of -E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Robin); in Hazlitt, viii. 114. See =gest=(=e==.= - -=jet,= to fling about the body, to strut about, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 36; -‘I jette, _Je me jamboye_’, Palsgrave. ‘Jet’ in this sense is a -Warwicksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Jet, 4). F. _jetter_ (_jecter_), to -throw (Cotgr.). - -=jet upon,= to encroach upon, Richard III, ii. 4. 51; Titus Andron. ii. -1. 64. - -=jetty,= to move about briskly. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1. - -=Jew’s ear,= an edible cup-shaped fungus, growing on roots and trunks of -trees, _Hirneola_ or _Exidia Auricula-Judæ_. Heywood, Witches of Lancs, -iii (Joan), in Wks. iv. 207; ‘Jew’s eares . . . an excrescence about the -roots of Elder, and concerneth not the Nation of the Jews, but Judas -Iscariot, upon a conceit, he hanged on this tree’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar -Errors, ii. 7. 8 (Pseud. Ep. ii. 6. 101, NED.). See Nares. - -=jib-crack,= a ‘gimcrack’. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 7. - -=jiggumbob,= a trifle, toy, knick-knack, thing of slight value. -_Jiggembobs_, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Fabricio); -_jigambob_, Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 1. 14; _jiggumbobs_, Butler, Hud. -iii. 1. 108. - -=jigmaker,= a ballad-writer. Hamlet, iii. 2. 131. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. I, i. 1 (end). - -=jimmal-ring,= a double ring (sometimes a treble ring), the rings being -linked by a hinge. The _jimmall-ring_, or True-love-knot, Herrick. See -=gimmal.= - -=job,= to stab slightly, to peck. Tusser, Husbandry, § 37. 12. In prov. -use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. _jobbyn_: ‘byllen or iobbyn as -bryddys, iobbyn with the byl’ (Prompt.). - -=jobbernowl,= a jocular term for the head, usually connoting stupidity. -Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 815; Marston, Scourge of Villanie, ii. 6. 200; a -stupid person, a blockhead, ‘_Teste de bœuf_, a joult-head, jobbernoll, -cod’s-head, logger-head, one whose wit is as little as his head is -great’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in both senses in the north country and -E. Anglia (EDD.). - -=job-nut,= the name of a childish game, in which hazel-nuts are -perforated and strung through, in order to be knocked against each -other. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). See NED. (s.v. _Job_, sb. (3)). - -=John Dory.= The name of a popular song, ab. 1609; ‘I’ll have John -Dorrie! For to that warlike tune I will be open’d’, Fletcher, The -Chances, iii. 2 (Antonio). The legend is, that he was a commander of a -French privateer, who undertook to take English prisoners to Paris, but -was himself captured in the attempt; ‘Would I had gone to Paris with -John Dory’ (ironical), Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 -(Humphrey). See Nares. - -=jointer,= joint-possessor. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1366); scene -10. 8 (W.); p. 170, col. 1. - -=jollyhead,= jollity, mirth. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 32. - -=jouissance,= pleasure, merriment, mirth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 25; -Nov., 2. F. _jouissance_, an enjoying (Cotgr.). - -=journall,= daily. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 31; Cymb. iv. 2. 10. F. -_journal_, ‘journal, daily’ (Cotgr.). L. _diurnalis_ (Ducange). - -=jovy,= ‘jovial’, merry. Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii 1 -(Mirabel); B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 3 (Kastril). - -=jowl, joll,= to strike, knock, esp. the head. As You Like It, i. 3. 59; -Hamlet, v. 1. 84; ‘_I jolle_ one aboute the eares’, Palsgrave. Beaumont -and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1. In prov. use in many parts of England -from Lakeland to E. Anglia (EDD.). Deriv. of ME. ‘_jolle_ or heed, -_caput_’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1112). - -=judge,= the name of the rook or castle in the game of chess. Only in -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20. Fitzherbert’s rendering of -_justitiarius_, the name applied to the rook in a Latin treatise on -chess (_c._ 1400 A.D.). See NED. - -=judgement,= a competent critic, a judge. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 208; Dryden, -Prol. to Secret Love, 45; Epil. to Evening Love, 3. - -=Jug,= a familiar substitution for the female name of Joan; ‘_Clown_ [to -_Joan_], Bring him away, _Jug_! Enter _Joan_, with a fish’, Rowley, A -Woman never vext, i. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 115. In Espinasse’s -Lancashire Worthies Joan, the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Byrom, is -familiarly called ‘Jugg’. See Bardsley’s English Surnames, p. 49 (note). -This familiar name was applied to a homely woman, a maid-servant, the -sweetheart of a peasant, King Lear, i. 4. 247; ‘A soldier and his jug’, -A Knack to know a Knave (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511); Preston, K. -Cambises (Davies, Gl.). - -=jugal,= conjugal, matrimonial; ‘The jugal knot’, Middleton, A Fair -Quarrel, ii. 2 (Jane). Cp. L. _vinclum jugale_ (Virgil). - -=julio,= an Italian coin worth about sixpence. Webster, White Devil -(Monticelso), ed. Dyce, p. 23; Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Frapolo). Ital. -_giulio_, named after Pope Julius II (1503-13); a coin by Julius the -Pope worth sixpence sterling (Florio). - -=jument,= a beast; properly a beast of burden. Cartwright, The Ordinary, -ii. 1 (Slicer). OF. _jument_, a beast of burden; a mare (Cotgr.). L. -_jumentum_, a yoke-beast. - -=jump,= a kind of short coat for men; ‘Your velvet jumps’, Wycherley, -Gent. Dancing-master, Epilogue, 33. In prov. use in various parts of -England meaning a loose jacket, a child’s frock, also, a kind of stays, -open in front (EDD.). - -=jump,= to hazard, risk, Macbeth, i. 7. 7; Cymbeline, v. 4. 187; hence -_jump_, hazard, venture, Ant. and Cl. iii. 8. 6. - -=jump with,= to agree, tally, coincide with, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 32; -Taming Shrew, i. 1. 194; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 78; hence, _jump_, exactly, -precisely, Hamlet, i. 1. 65; Othello, ii. 3. 392. In prov. use both as -vb. and adv. (EDD.). - -=juppon,= a close-fitting doublet worn under a hauberk. Dryden, Palamon, -iii. 28. F. _jupon_, a short cassock (Cotgr.). - -=justle,= to ‘jostle’. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 129. - -=jut, jutt,= to jolt, bump, knock, push. Earle, Microcosmographie, no. -39, Plausible Man; _jutte_, a bump, push, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. -3. 8. In use in Yorks, Notts, and Linc. (EDD.). - -=jutty,= to project beyond, to overhang. Hen. V, iii. 1. 13; ‘Let their -eie-browes juttie over’, Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12 a (Appendix, D. -138); ed. Schick, p. 121; the projecting part of a wall or building, -Macbeth, i. 6. 6. Compare the Glouc. word ‘jetty’, to protrude (EDD.). - - - - - K - - -=ka,= for _quo’_ (_quoth_, _quotha_); ‘Enamoured ka? mary sir say that -againe’, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek); Peele, Old Wives Tale -(ed. Dyce, 455); Penry, Mar-Prelate’s Epitome, 21 (EDD.). In prov. use -in Durham, Cumberland, Suffolk (EDD.). Also, _ko_, ‘I feare him not, Ko -she’, Roister Doister, iii. 3. - -=kaa me, kaa thee,= i.e. do me a good turn, and I will do thee the same. -Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (_or_ 3) (Quicksilver); Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1 -(Goldwire). So in Scotland they say ‘Kae me and I’ll kae thee’, in -Northumberland ‘Kaa me, kaa thee’, or, ‘Kaa mee an aa’ll kaa thee’; ‘Ka -me and I’ll ka thee, _Serva me, servabo te_’, Coles, Dict. (1679). See -Nares. Cp. the phr. ‘Claw me, claw thee’ used in the same sense. - -=kad,= to caw. Chapman, All Fools, iii. 1 (Valerio). - -=kails, keils,= nine-pins; ‘A game called nine-pins, or keils’, B. -Jonson, Chloridia (Antimasque). Du. _kegel_, a pin, kail. - -=kam,= crooked, awry. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 304. Welsh _cam_, crooked; -Irish _cam_ (Dinneen). See =kim-kam.= - -=karl hemp,= the male hemp. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 24; also called -_churl hemp_, Fitzherbert, Husb., § 146. 28. See =carl.= - -=karne,= a ‘kern’, a foot-soldier. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, -8. Irish _ceatharnach_, a foot-soldier, deriv. of _ceatharn_, a band of -fighting men (Dinneen). See =keteryng.= - -=katexoken,= for _kat’exochēn_, super-eminently. Massinger, Guardian, -iii. 1. 7. Gk. κατ’ ἐξοχήν, by way of eminence. - -=keak, keke,= to cackle as a goose; ‘The silver Gander keaking cried’, -Phaer, Aeneid viii, 655; ‘Theves . . . had stolne Jupiter, had a gouse -not a kekede’, Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 130). Cp. _Kek, kek!_, the -cry of the goose and duck, in Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 499. - -=kecksies,= hemlocks, ‘kexes’. Hen. V, v. 2. 52 (printed _kecksyes_). -See Dict. (s.v. Kex). - -=keech,= a lump of congealed fat. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55. In _fig._ use, ‘I -wonder that such a Keech can . . . Take up the Rayes o’ th’ beneficiall -Sun’, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55; ‘Did not goodwife Keech the Butcher’s wife -come in?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101. ‘Keech’ for a lump of chandler’s fat -is in common prov. use in Warwickshire, the west Midlands, and Somerset -(EDD.). - -=keel,= to cool, to cool by skimming or otherwise. L. L. L. v. 2. 930; -spelt _kele_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246, back; _keele_, Palsgrave. -In prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Keel, vb.^{3} 1). ME. _kelyn_, to make cold, to wax cold (Prompt. EETS. -252, see note, no. 1184); OE. _cēlan_, deriv. of _cōl_, cool. - -=keep cut;= See =cut= (3). - -=keep,= heed, care. Phr. _take thou no keep_, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. -iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 85; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 40. ME. _tak keep_, -take heed (Chaucer, C. T. D. 431). - -=keight,= caught. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 30; v. 6. 39. - -=keiser,= emperor. Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 1 (Memnon); _kesar_, -Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 570; _keysar_, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. -Dyce, p. 498. Du. _keyser_ (Hexham); cp. G. _Kaiser_; L. _Caesar_. - -=keke;= see =keak.= - -=kell,= the fatty membrane investing the intestines, the caul. Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 35; a cocoon, an enveloping web, B. Jonson, -Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); Drayton, Pol. iii. 120; the film formed by -gossamer-threads on the grass, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 54; Turbervile -Hunting, 76. Cp. ‘kell’ in prov. use, meaning the caul, a cap of -network, a film on the eye, &c. (EDD.). ME. _kelle_, ‘reticulum’ -(Prompt. EETS. 246, see note, no. 1149). - -=kell,= a kiln. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 51. A Suffolk form, see EDD. -(s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Cp. =kill.= - -=kemb,= to comb. B. Jonson, Catiline, Act i, chorus, 31; Marlowe, tr. of -Ovid’s Elegies, i. 7 (last line). In prov. use in Scotland, and in -Yorks. and Lanc. (EDD.). ME. _kembe_, to comb (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2142); -OE. _cemban_; _camb_, a comb. - -=kemlin,= a large tub used in bread-making, salting meat, &c. Coles, -Dict. (s.v. Kimnel); _kemelin_, Levins, Manip. A north-country word -(EDD.). ME. _kymlyn_, ‘or kelare’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, _kemelyn_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 3548). See =kimnel.= - -=kempe, kemp,= a warrior, champion. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 31; bk. vii, -c. 8. OE. _cempa_; Med. L. _campio_ (Ducange), from _campus_, field of -battle; ME. _kemp_(_e_, a warrior, soldier (Wars Alex. 2216, 5499); OE. -_cempa_, ‘miles’ (Matt. viii. 9, Rushworth MS.). See Schade (s.v. -Camphjo). - -=ken,= a house (Cant); ‘A boor’s ken’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 -(Ferret). Hence also _libkin_ or _lib ken_, _stalling ken_. See -=bouzing-ken.= - -=ken=(=n,= to discern. Milton, P. L. i. 59; v. 265; xi. 396; 2 Hen. VI, -iii. 2. 101; range of vision, P. L. xi. 379; power or exercise of -vision, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 111; hence, _kenning_, range of -sight, the distance visible at sea, Chapman, Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 -(Septimius); Kyd, Soliman, v. 2. 69. - -=kennet,= a small dog for hunting. Pl. _kenettys_, Boke of St. Albans, -fol. F iv, back; _kennets_, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretts; the -whole passage is copied from the former). Anglo-F. _kenette_ (Bozon), -dimin. of _kien_ (= F. _chien_). - -=Kent:= phr. _Kent or Christendom_. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 -(Turfe); ‘Sith the Saxon King, Never was Woolfe seene, many nor some, -Nor in all Kent, nor in Christendome’ (i.e. nowhere), Spenser, Shep. -Kal., Sept., 153; the Glosse has: ‘It was wont to be an olde proverbe -and common phrase. The original whereof was, for that most part of -England in the reigne of King Ethelbert was christened, Kent onely -except, which remayned long after in mysbeliefe and unchristened: so -that Kent was counted no part of Christendome.’ Ray in his English -Proverbs accepts this explanation (ed. Bohn, p. 206). According to -Fuller’s opinion, ‘Neither in Kent nor Christendom’ meant, neither in -Kent, which was first converted to Christendom, nor in any other part of -our English Christendom (i.e. nowhere in England). Also, _in Kent and -Christendom_ (i.e. everywhere); ‘I am here in Kent and Christendom, -Among the Muses, where I read and rhyme’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life -(ed. Bell, 218). - -=Kentish long-tails,= a nickname applied to the natives of Kent. Ray’s -English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 207). The story of the origin of the -nickname is told by Fuller in his Worthies, Kent, under _Kentish -Long-tailes_. See NED. (s.v. Long-tail, 2). Not only Kentish men but -Englishmen in general were called ‘_caudati_ per contumeliam’ by their -French neighbours, see Ducange (s.v. Caudatus); cp. ‘ces Engloys -_couez_’ (Chans. Norm.) in Moisy (s.v. Cue, p. 250). - -=kersen;= see =cursen.= - -=kerve,= to carve as a sculptor; ‘Enstructed in painting or kervinge’, -Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 1. ME. _kerve_ (Chaucer, Tr. and -Cr. ii. 325). OE. _ceorfan_. - -=kest,= _pt. t._ cast. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 15; Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, -i. 45; plotted, considered, id. i. 30. In gen. prov. use in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Cast, 2 (7)). - -=keteryng,= a ‘cateran’, a Highland or Irish marauder; ‘A Scottishe -keteryng’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 75; l. 218; ‘Irish keterynges’, ib., -Against the Scottes, 83. See NED. (s.v. Cateran). See =karne.= - -=ketler,= an inexperienced gamester, a novice at gambling; Bunglers and -ketlers’ [at gambling], Middleton, Black Book (ed. Dyce, v. 543). - -=ketling,= inexperienced; ‘Like an old cunning bowler to fetch in a -young _ketling_ gamester’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce, -v. 589). See NED. (s.v. Kitling, B). - -=key,= a quay. Dryden, Annus Mirab. st. 231; Middleton, Women beware, i. -3. 17. - -=kibbo,= a cudgel. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii. 1 (Scapin, in a Lancs. -dialect). In Ray (ed. 1691. MS. Add.) ‘kibbo’ is given as a Cheshire -word (EDD.). - -=kid,= a faggot, small bundle of sticks; ‘Kydde, a fagotte’, Palsgrave; -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 29. In prov. use in various parts of -England from the north country to Essex, see EDD. (s.v. Kid, sb.^{2} 1). -ME. _kydd_, ‘fascis’ (Prompt. EETS. 247). - -=kid,= a roebuck in its first year. Spelt _kyde_, Book of St. Albans, -fol. E 4; Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143. - -=kid,= notorious; ‘The colonel was a cuckold, or a kid pirate’, -Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, i. 1 (Fireball). ME. _kid_, renowned, -famous, illustrious (Wars Alex., see Gl. Index); _kyd_, known (Chaucer, -C. T. E. 1943), pp. of _kythe_, to make known (C. T. F. 748). OE. -_cȳðan_. - -=kie, kye,= cows. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Lorel). In gen. prov. use -in the north for the plural of ‘cow’ (EDD.). OE. _cȳ_, pl. of _cū_, cow. - -=kiff,= for _kith_, relationship, standing in relationship, Middleton, A -Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim); Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 30. - -=kill,= a kiln. BIBLE, Jer. xliii. 9; Nahum, iii. 14 (ed. 1611). A -common prov. form in many parts of England—the north country, Essex, -and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Hence _kill-hole_, Merry -Wives, iv. 2. 59 (ed. 1623). Cp. =kell= (2). - -=kill-cow,= a murderous fellow, butcher; a great fighter. Fletcher, -Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); perhaps with reference to the story -of Guy of Warwick. See Nares. - -=kimbo,= resembling arms set a-kimbo, Dryden, tr. of Virgil; Pastorals, -iii. 67; _on kimbow_, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Novel). - -=kim-kam,= crooked, perverse. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 44. -Cp. the Shropshire saying, ‘Let’s a none o’ your kim-kam ways’ (EDD.). -See =kam.= - -=kimnel,= a tub used for brewing, kneading, or salting meat. Beaumont -and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Alexander); ‘A _kimnel_, cadus salsamentarius’, -Coles, Dict., 1679; ‘kymnell, _quevette_’, Palsgrave. ME. _kymnelle_, -‘amula’ (Cath. Angl.). - -=kinchin mort,= a very young female child (Cant). Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). _Kinchin_ is perhaps a corrupt form of G. -_kindchen_, little child. See =mort= (2). - -=kinderkind,= kilderkin, small barrel. Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 383). -Du. _kindekin_, ‘the eighth part of a vat’ (Kilian). See NED. (s.v. -Kilderkin), and Dict. - -=kindle,= to give birth to young, bring forth. As You Like It, iii. 2. -358; ‘I kyndyll, as a she-hare or cony dothe’, Palsgrave. Very common in -prov. use (EDD.). ME. _hyndlyn_, or brynge forthe yonge kyndelyngys, -‘feto’ (Prompt.). - -=kindless,= unnatural. Hamlet, ii. 2. 609; Poole, David (ed. Dyce, p. -466). - -=Kirsome,= Christian; ‘As I’m true Kirsome woman’, Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, iv. 7. 5. See =cursen.= - -=kite,= a term of detestation. Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1. 16; -iii. 4. 16; Hen. V, ii. 1. 80; King Lear, i. 4. 284; Ant. and Cl. iii. -13. 89; Udall, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 83). - -=kiss the post,= to be shut out of a house in consequence of arriving -too late (there being nothing else to kiss but the doorpost); ‘Make -haste, thou art best, for fear thou kiss the post’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV -(Hobs), vol. i, p. 47. - -=kix,= a ‘kex’, dried-up stalk; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, i. 2 (Mercury). - -=knacker,= a harness-maker. Tusser, Husbandry, § 58. 5. In Lancashire -_knacker_ is a term for a tanner (EDD.). - -=knap,= a knave, a rogue. Spelt _knappe_, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 -(Dulipo); Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80. ‘A regular knap’, ‘a deead -knap’ are Yorkshire expressions for a cunning knave, see EDD. (s.v. -Knap, sb.^{2} 1). - -=knap,= a small hill, a mound, knoll. Bacon, Essay 45; a hill-top, -Golding, Metam. xi. 339 (L. ‘vertice’). In prov. use in Scotland, and in -various parts of England (EDD.). OE. _cnæpp_, top, hill-top (Luke iv. -29). - -=knap,= to knock, rap, strike smartly; to sound or toll a bell. Udall, -Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80; also, to knock together, Bacon, Sylva, § -133. - -=knare, knar,= a knot or protuberance on a tree; ‘Woods with knots and -knares deformed’, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 536; spelt _gnarre_, Cockeram’s -Dict. (1623). See EDD. (s.v. Gnarr, sb.^{1} 1). Cp. ME. _knarry_, -gnarled (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1977). Low G. _knarre_; Du. _knar_; see NED. - -=kned,= _pp._ kneaded. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 -(Savourwit). In prov. use in the north, and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. -Knead, 3). - -=knee-timber,= crooked timber, used in shipbuilding. Bacon, Essay 13. - -=knight of the post,= a notorious perjurer; one who gets his living by -giving false evidence. Brome, Joviall Crew (Works, 1873, iii. 366); -Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, i. 10. 37; Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. -1 (Courtine). [Cp. Pope, Prologue to the Satires of Horace, 365, ‘Knight -of the post corrupt, or of the Shire.’] See Nares. - -=Knight’s Ward,= one of the four prison-divisions or ‘sides’. There were -usually but three such divisions, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward, -and the Hole; See =counter= (3). When there were four, the Knight’s Ward -came second. In Eastward Ho, v. 1 (_or_ 2), Wolf says ‘the knight will -i’ the Knight’s Ward’, meaning that he was too humble to go into the -Master’s side. Also _Knight-side_, ‘Neither lie on the Knight-side, nor -in the Twopenny Ward’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). And see -Westward Ho, iii. 2 (Monopoly). - -=knill, knyll,= to sound as a bell, ring. Morte Arthur, leaf 428*, back, -6; bk. xxi, c. 10; OE. _cnyllan_, to strike, ring a bell (B. T. Suppl.). - -=knitting-cup,= a cup of wine drunk by the company immediately after a -wedding. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). - -=knokylbonyarde,= a contemptible fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 485. -Dyce’s note gives two other examples. Deriv. of _knucklebone_. - -=knot,= a flower-bed. Lyly, Euphues, p. 37; Campaspe, iii. 4 (Apelles); -Tusser. Husb. § 22. 22. In prov. use in Somerset, Dorset, and Devon, -also in the west Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.^{1} 13). - -=knot,= the red-breasted sandpiper; ‘The knot that called was Canutus’ -bird of old’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 341; ‘Knotts, i, _Canuti aves_, ut -opinor’, Camden, Brit. (ed. 1607, 408). Dan. _knot_, sandpiper (Larsen). -In the north of Ireland the name for the ringed plover, see EDD. (s.v. -Knot, sb.^{2}). - -=knot-grass,= a plant with small pale-pink flowers, _Polygonum -aviculare_. An infusion of it was supposed to stunt one’s growth. Mids. -Night’s D. iii. 2. 329; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 -(Wife). - -=knowledge,= to acknowledge; ‘I knowlege my folly’, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 12, § 3; ‘My flight from prison I knowledge’, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 150. - -=knub,= a small bump. Golding, Metam. viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603); -‘knubbe, _callum_’, Levins, Manip. Low G. _knubbe_, a knob, lump; see -NED. - -=knurre,= a round knotty projection on a tree; ‘A knurre, _bruscum, -gibbus_’, Levins, Manip.; hence, _knurred_ (_knurd_), knotted, rugged, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 302. ‘Knurr’ is in common prov. use in the -north country (EDD.). - -=ko;= see =ka.= - -=korke,= to adorn, render illustrious; ‘Duke Lionell, that all this lyne -[family of the White Rose] doth korke’, Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. -6. From _corke_, the name of a purple dye, mentioned in Statutes of the -Realm, Act 1 Richard III. c. 8, § 3, as a dye-stuff; see NED. (s.v. -Cork, sb.^{2}). - -=kost,= _pt. t._ kissed. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 256. Cp. OE. _coss_, a -kiss. - -=kreking,= early dawn; ‘In the first krekyng of the day’ (F. _au point -du jour_), Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 18. 1. Du. ‘_het kriecken ofte -aenbreken van den dagh_, the creeke or the breaking of the day’ -(Hexham). Cp. the Scottish phrase ‘creek of day’, day-break (EDD.). -Norm. F. _crique du jour_ (Moisy). - -=kursin,= to christen. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 2. -‘Kursin’,’Kirsen’ are common forms of ‘christen’ in the north, see EDD. -(s.v. Christen). - -=kydst,= in Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 92, written incorrectly in the -sense of ‘knewest’. ME. _kithen_ (pt. s. _kidde_), means ‘to make -known’. See =kid= (notorious). - -=kyrie,= short for ‘kyrie eleison’ (κύριε ἐλέησον), _Lord, have mercy -upon us_; the earliest and simplest form of Litany. Used humorously for -a scolding, causing an outcry; ‘But he should have such a kyrie ere he -went to bed’, Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 138; ‘This kyrie -sad solfing’ (translating _Talia iactanti_, Aeneid i, 102), Stanyhurst -(ed. Arber, p. 21); _kyry_, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 755. - -=kyrsin,= Christian. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii (Clay). See =cursen.= - - - - - L - - -=laced mutton,= a strumpet. Two Gent. i. 1. 102; B. Jonson, Neptune’s -Triumph (Boy). See NED. See =mutton.= - -=lachesse,= negligence. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 74, back, 18. ME. -_lachesse_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 720), OF. _lachesse_, _laschesse_, deriv. -of _lasche_, slack. L. _laxus_, lax. - -=lack,= to want. _What do y’ lack?_ what will you buy; the constant cry -of the shopkeepers. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, Induction, l. 1; Barth. -Fair, ii. 1 (Leatherhead). - -=lackey,= to accompany, like a lackey or foot-boy. Massinger, Virgin -Martyr, i. 1 (Harpax). Used _fig._ ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey -her’, Milton, Comus, 455. See Dict. - -=lad,= led; _pt. t._ of _lead_. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 4; iv. 8. 2. A -Lanc. form, see EDD. (s.v. Lead, 1 (1)). - -=ladron,= a thief, robber. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro). Span. -_ladron_, a thief; L. _latro_, a robber. - -=lady,= the calcareous substance in the stomach of a lobster, serving -for the trituration of its food; fancifully supposed to resemble the -outline of a seated female figure; ‘What lady? the lady in the lobster?’ -Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 4 (Aimwell). - -=Lady of the Lake,= a personage in Arthurian romance; hence, a fairy, -nymph; ‘This bevie of Ladies bright . . . all Ladyes of the lake -behight’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 120. Humorously, a woman of light -behaviour. Massinger, New Way to Pay, ii. 1 (Marrall). - -=lag,= slow, tardy, habitually late. Richard III, ii. 1. 91; a laggard, -Dryden, To Mr. Lee, 43; _lag-end_, latter part, fag-end, 1 Hen. IV, v. -1. 24. See EDD. (s.v. Lag, adj., 1). - - =lag-goose,= a personification of laziness, Tusser, Husbandry, § - 85. 4. In Norfolk ‘lag-goose’ is in prov. use for the wild grey - goose, see EDD. (s.v. Lag, sb.^{9}). - -=lag:= in phr. _lag of duds_, ‘buck’ or ‘wash’ of clothes, Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). - -=lag,= to carry off, to steal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 15. - -=laire;= see =leer.= - -=lam,= to beat soundly, to thrash, flog. _Lamming_, a thrashing, -Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, v. 3 (Bacurius); Honest Man’s -Fortune, v. 2 (Laverdine); ‘_Gaulée_, a cudgelling, basting, lamming’, -Cotgrave; _lambed_, pp. beaten, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 -(Firk). In gen. prov. and colloq. use (EDD.). Cp. Icel. _lemja_ (pret. -_lamði_), lit. to lame. - -=lamback,= to beat severely. Rare Triumphs of Love, iv. 1 (Lentulo), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 204; Munday, Death E. Huntington, v. 1 (Brand), -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 305. - -=Lamia,= a fabulous monster supposed to have the body of a woman, and to -suck the blood of children. Burton, Anat. Mel. iii. 2; a witch, -sorceress, ‘Where’s the lamia That tears my entrails?’, Massinger, -Virgin Martyr, iv. 1. L. _lamia_, a witch supposed to suck children’s -blood. In the Vulgate, Isaiah xxxiv. 14, the Heb. _Lîlîth_, ‘the -night-hag’, is rendered _lamia_. Gk. Λάμια, a fabulous monster. - -=lampas,= a disease incident to horses, consisting in a swelling of the -fleshy lining of the roof of the mouth behind the front teeth. Described -in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 81; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 52. F. _lampas_ -(Cotgr.). - -=lamping,= shining brightly. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 1. Cp. Ital. -_lampante_, bright, shining (Florio). - -=lance-knight,= a mercenary foot-soldier, esp. one armed with a lance or -pike. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., ii. 4 (Brainworm). Palsgrave has: -‘_Lansknyght_, lancequenet.’ G. _lanz-knecht_, lance-knight, a perverted -form of _lands-knecht_ = land’s knight (see Weigand, s.v. Land). See -Dict. (s.v. Lansquenet). - -=lancepesade,= a non-commissioned officer of the lowest grade, a -lance-corporal. Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1; _lance-presade_, -Cleaveland, Poems (Nares); _lanceprisado_, Fletcher, Thierry, ii. 2 -(Martell). The term was orig. applied to a trooper who having broken his -lance (_lancia spezzata_) on the enemy was entertained as a volunteer -assistant to a captain of foot, receiving his pay as a trooper until he -could remount himself (Grose). See Estienne, Précellence (ed. 1896, p. -353) for account of _Lance-spessade_. See Stanford, and Nares. - -=lanch, launch,= to cut, lance, pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 37; -Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). OF. (Picard) _lancher_ (F. -_lancier_). In W. Somerset they will ask for ‘a lanch to lanch the cow’, -see EDD. (s.v. Lance, sb.^{1} 1). See Dict. (s.v. Launch). - -†=land-damn,= to rate severely (?). Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 143. The word -in Shakespeare is of doubtful authenticity. The alleged survival of the -word in dialects, with the sense ‘to abuse with rancour’, appears to be -imperfectly authenticated. For ingenious conjectures see Nares. - -=landlouper,= a runner about the land, a vagabond. Bacon, Henry VII, p. -105; spelt _land-loper_; Howell, Forraine Travell, p. 67 (Arber). Du. -_landt-looper_, ‘a vagabond, or a rogue that runnes up and downe the -countrie’ (Hexham). - -=langdebiefe,= wild bugloss. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 16; _langdebeef_, -Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. v, c. 15. OF. _lange de beof_, ‘ox tunge’, -‘lingua bovis’, ‘buglossa’ (Alphita, 24). - -=langer,= to loiter about; ‘Wandryng and langerynge’, Morte Arthur, leaf -185. 20; bk. ix, c. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Linger). - -=langued,= lit. tongued; in heraldry, represented with a tongue of a -specified tincture or colour. Butler, Hud. i. 2. 259. Cp. F. _langué_, -‘langued, a term of Blazon’ (Cotgr.). - -=lannard,= a ‘lanner’, a species of falcon. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. -3 (Fernando); ‘Lanarde, a hauke, lanier’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in -Cornwall for the peregrine falcon (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Lanner). - -†=lansket,= a shutter, a panel of a door, or a lattice; ‘I peep’d in At -a loose lansket’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6 (Jaques). Only found -here (NED.). - -=lantedo, lanteero;= ‘Your lantedoes nor your lanteeroes’, Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). See =adelantado.= - -=lanterloo,= the old name of the card game now called _loo_. Etherege, -She Would if She Could, v. 1 (Sentry). Spelt _Lanterlu_, and used as a -name, Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 3 (near the end). See Stanford. - -=lap,= a cant term for non-intoxicating drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Song); ‘_lap_, butter-milke or whey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -=lapise, lappise,= to yelp. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 76; id., c. -33, p. 86; ‘lappyse or whymper’, id., c. 39, p. 108. F. _glappir_, -_glappissement_, (Cotgr.). - -=lapwing,= said to cry out at a distance from her nest, in order to draw -the searchers away from it. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 10 (Arruntius); and -see Massinger, Old Law, iv. 2 (Simonides); Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 -(Alexander). Very common. - -=lare,= a pasture. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 29. A pseudo-archaic use of -_lair_, the place where cattle lie, see EDD. (s.v. Lair, sb.^{1} 2, § -3). - -=lare,= to fatten. So explained by Dyce, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose -Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura). - -=Lares,= the household gods in Roman religion. _Lars_, Milton, Christ’s -Nativity, Hymn, st. 21; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 2 (Lupus). - -=lash:= phr. _in the lash_, in the lurch; ‘To run in the lash’, Tusser, -Husbandry, § 10. 15; ‘Leave in the lash’, id., § 63. 20; ‘lie in the -lash’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; ‘Gave age -the whippe, and left me in the lash’, Mirror for Mag., Shore’s Wife, s. -14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 446. See NED. (s.v. Lash, sb.^{1} 4). - -=lash,= to move violently; ‘Lashing up his heels’ [of a horse], Dryden, -tr. of Ovid, Met. xii. 472; ‘’Gainst a rock was lashed in pieces’, -Congreve, Mourning Bride, i. 1 (Almeria). - -=lash out,= to squander, waste. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 18; More, -Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 67). - -=latch,= to catch. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 93; Macbeth, iv. 3. 195; -Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 36. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _lacchen_ -(P. Plowman). OE. _læccan_, to seize, catch. - -=lato,= a mixed metal; ‘latten’. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly); -_laton_, Morte Arthur, leaf 44, back, 25; bk. ii, c. 11. ME. _latoun_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 699). Norm. F. _laton_, ‘laiton, alliage de cuivre et -de zinc’ (Moisy), Med. L. _lato_ (Ducange). See Dict. (s.v. Latten). - -=launce,= a balance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 4. L. _lanx_, a scale. - -=laund,= a ‘lawn’, a glade. 3 Hen. VI, iii. i. 2; Drayton, Pol. xxvi. -69. ME. _launde_, a grassy clearing, a glade surrounded by trees -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 1691). Anglo-F. _launde_, OF. _lande_; probably of -Celtic origin, see W. Stokes, Celtic Dict., p. 239. - -=launder,= one who washes linen. Tusser, Husbandry, § 83. 2. Hence -_laundered_ (landered), thoroughly washed, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 171. ME. -_lawndere_ (Prompt. EETS. 257). See Dict. (s.v. Laundress). - -=laundring,= washing gold in aqua regia to extract metal from it. B. -Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). - -=lautitious,= sumptuous, excellent. Herrick, The Invitation, 3. L. -_lautitia_, magnificence. - -=lave,= used of ears: drooping, hanging down; ‘His lave eares’, Wily -Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 304; _lave-eared_, having long -drooping ears, Hall, Satires, ii. 29 (Nares); ‘Lave eared, plaudus’, -Levins, Manip. Still in use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _lave eres_ -(Wars Alex. 4748). - -=lave,= to droop, said of ears, ‘His ears hang laving’, Hall, Sat. iv. -1. 72. Icel. _lafa_, to droop. - -=lavender:= phr. _to lay in lavender_, to pawn; Coles, Dict., 1699; -‘Rather than thou shouldst pawn a rag more, I’ll lay my ladyship in -lavender, if I knew where’, Eastward Ho, iv. 279 (Nares); _to lie in -lavender_, to be in pawn, ‘a black suit . . . now lies in lavender’, B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, iii. 3. In R. Brathwaite’s Strappado -for the Devil is an epigram, ‘Upon a Poet’s Palfrey lying in Lavender -for the discharge of his Provender’, p. 154 (Nares). _Lavendered_, pp. -‘Your lavendered robes’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach). - -=laver,= drooping, hanging down; ‘this laver lip’, Marston, Sat. v. 97. -See =lave.= - -=lavolta,= the name of a lively dance, orig. for two people. Hen. V, -iii. 3. 33. Ital. _la volta_, the turn, ‘a French dance so called’ -(Florio). - -†=lavoltetere,= one who dances (and teaches) the _lavolta_. Fletcher, -Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 1 (Host). - -=law, to give,= to allow so much start, about twelve-score yards, to a -hunted animal. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (near the end); Drayton, Pol. -xxiii. 337; ‘She shall have law’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii -(Shakstone); vol. iv, p. 199. - -=lay,= law. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 42; esp. religious law, hence, a -religion, creed, a faith; ‘’Tis Churchmans laie and veritie To live in -love and charitie’, Peele, Chron. Edw. I, B 3 (NED.). ME. _lay_, -religion, faith (Chaucer, C. T. B. 376). Anglo-F. _lei_, ‘loi, loi -religieuse, religion’ (Chans. Rol. 85). - -=lay,= a ‘lea’, meadow. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 15; adj. fallow, -unploughed, ‘Let . . . land lie lay till I return’, Fletcher, Love’s -Pilgrimage, iii. 3 (Sanchio). ME. _lay_, ‘lond not tyllyd’ (Prompt. -EETS.); _laie_, fallow (Gamelyn, 161). See NED. (s.v. Lea, adj.). - -=lay,= a wager. 2 Hen. VI, v. 2. 27; Othello, ii. 3. 330; Cymb. i. 4. -159. In prov. use in Yorks., Midlands, and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. -Lay, sb.^{1} 20). - -=lay,= to beset with traps; ‘All the country is laid for me’, 2 Hen. VI, -iv. 1. 4; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (near end); iv. 2 (Tim); A -Trick to Catch, i. 2. 3. - -=lay:= phr. _to lay in_ (or _a_) _water_, to make nugatory, to bring to -a standstill, Lyly, Euphues, p. 34; Mydas, iv. 4 (Martius); Gosson, -School of Abuse, p. 21. See NED. (s.v. Lay, vb.^{1} 25). - -=lay,= to lie; ‘Nature will lay buried a great Time, and yet revive’, -Bacon, Essay 38. For exx. of this intrans. use see NED. (s.v. Lie, -vb.^{1} 43), and EDD. (s.v. Lie, 16). - -=layne,= to conceal. Morte Arthur, leaf 399, back, 13; bk. xx, c. 1. In -prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lane). -ME. _laynen_, to conceal (P. Plowman, C. iii. 18). Icel. _leyna_, -cognate with G. _leugnen_, to deny. See NED. (s.v. Lain). - -=laystall,= a place where refuse is thrown aside. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. -53; _leystall_, Drayton, Moses, bk. i. 115. See Nares. A Kentish word, -see EDD. (s.v. Lay, vb. 2 (9a)). - -=laystow,= a ‘laystall’. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 628; ‘In -comparison of this present, the ancient gardens were but dunghils and -laistowes’, Harrison, Desc. Engl., bk. ii, ch. 20 (ed. Furnivall, 325); -‘Smythfeelde was . . . a layestowe of all order of fylth’, Fabyan Chron. -vii. 226 (NED.). A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, 2 (12)). - -=layte,= lightning. Morte Arthur, leaf 353, back, 30; bk. xvii, c. 11. -ME. _leit_, ‘fulgor’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxiv. 27). OE. _lēget_, also _līgyt_ -(Matt. xxiv. 27). - -=laze,= to be lazy, to be listless. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. -(Melpomene); Never too Late (ed. Dyce, 301). In prov. use (EDD.). - -=leach,= a dish consisting of sliced meat, eggs, fruit, and spices in -jelly; ‘Leche made of flesshe, gelee’, Palsgrave; ‘Caudels, Iellies, -leach’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Shackle-soul), Works, iii. -285. F. _lèche_, ‘tranche très mince’ (Hatzfeld). See NED. - -=lead:= phr. _to lead apes in hell_, the fancied consequence of dying an -old maid, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 87); Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 34; Much -Ado, ii. 1. 42; ‘_Mammola_, an old wench . . . one that will lead apes -in Hell’, Florio. - -=lead,= a pot, cauldron, kettle. Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 14; ‘Brewyng -ledys’, pl., Bury Wills (ed. Camden Soc., p. 101). See EDD. (s.v. Lead, -sb.^{1} 6 and 7). In Lanc. ‘lead’ is used for a dyeing-vat; in the north -country furnace-vessels, of whatever metal made, are so called, from -having been usually made of that metal. - -=leaden dart.= Cupid’s _leaden_ dart caused dislike; his _golden_ one -incited to love, Massinger, Virgin-Martyr, i. 1 (Antoninus); Roman -Actor, iii. 2 (Iphis). From Ovid, Met. i. 470. - -=leading-staff,= a staff or truncheon borne by a commanding officer. -Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Smuggler); i. 2 (Parly). - -=leak,= leaky. Spelt _leke_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; _leake_, id., vi. -8. 24. OE. _hlece_. - -=leally,= truly, verily. Spelt _lelely_, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 1 -(Sylvia); loyally, ‘He sall leallie and trewlie use and exerce his -office’, Skene, Difficil Words (1681). Anglo-F. _leal_, loyal (Rough -List), O. Prov. _leal_ (Levy). - -=lear;= see =lere.= - -=leare,= a cheek; _learys_, cheeks, Morte Arthur, leaf 186. 4; bk. ix, -ch. 21; spelt _lyers_, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 471. OE. _hlēor_, -cheek, face. See =leer.= - -=lease,= a pasture. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 49; _lees_, Fitzherbert, -Husb., § 148. 18; ‘In pastures and leases’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, -ch. 63 (The Place). - - =leasues,= ‘leasowes’, pastures, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § - 103. OE. _lǣs_, a pasture (dat. _lǣswe_). See EDD. (s.v. - Leasowe). - -=lease;= _Lease-parol_, a lease by word of mouth, instead of in writing. -Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1298); p. 134, col. 1. - -=lease, lese,= to lie, tell lies. A Knack to know a Knave (Honesty), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511. ME. _lesen_, OE. _lēasian_, to tell lies; -_lēas_, false. - -=leasing,= lying, falsehood, a lie. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Spenser, F. -Q. i. 6. 48; BIBLE, Ps. iv. 2; v. 6; _lesynge_, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xiv. -18. ME. _leesyng_ (Wyclif, Ps. v. 7). OE. _lēasung_. - -=leathe-weake,= having the joints flexible, hence, pliant, soft. Ascham, -Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 129). A north-country word, written _leathwake_, -_lithwake_, _leathweak_ (EDD.). ME. _lithwayke_, ‘flexibilis’ (Cath. -Angl.). OE. _leoðuwāc_, _liðewāc_ (BT.). - -=leatica,= a red muscatel wine made in Tuscany. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. -II, iv. 3 (1 Vintner). Ital. _liatico_ (Florio); _aleatico_, an -exquisite grape, a wine made therefrom (Fanfani). See NED. (s.v. -Liatico). - -=leave,= to levy, raise an army. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 31. F. _lever_, -‘to raise, to levy’ (Cotgr.). - -=leavy,= leafy, full of foliage. Much Ado, ii. 3. 75; Dryden, Flower and -Leaf, 316, 512. - -=leden, ledden,= language. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 19; Colin Clout, 744; -Drayton, Pol. xii. 303. ME. _leden_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 435); OE. _leden_ -(_lyden_), language, prop. the Latin language, L. _Latinus_; cp. O. -Prov. _latin_, ‘langage’ (Levy), OF. _latin_, language, also, the -warbling of birds (Bartsch, 581. 34); Ital. _latino_, language (Dante). - -=ledger,= resident; esp. in capacity of ambassador; ‘His Ambassadour -that was ledger at Rome’, Daus, tr. Sleidane, 113 (NED.); _lieger_, -Webster, White Devil (Francisco), ed. Dyce, 18; _legier_, resting in a -place, Fairfax, Tasso, i. 70. 15; _leiger_, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, -iv. 2 (Littleworth). See =lieger.= - -=Lee.= ‘His corps was carried downe along the Lee’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. -19; ‘I looked . . . adowne the Lee’, Ruines of Time (Globe ed. 496). -Probably the reference is to the name of a river. - -=leefky,= for _leefkyn_, a bodice. _Leefekyes_, pl., Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 116). Du. _lijfken_: ‘_een vrouwen Lijfken_, A womans Bodies -[bodice]’ (Hexham); dimin. of _lijf_, a body. - -=leefsom,= pleasant. Surrey, Complaint of absence, 23, in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 19. Cp. Scottish _leesome_, pleasant, loveable (EDD.). OE. -_lēofsum_ (Juliana, 17). - -=leek,= like. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); riming with _cheek_. - -=leer,= complexion. As You Like It, iv. 1. 67; Titus, iv. 2. 119; spelt -_laire_, Drayton, Harmony Church, Song Sol., ch. i, l. 12; _lere_, -Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1034; El. Rummyng, 12; _leyre_, Magnyfycence, -1573. For the sense, see EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{3} 3, and Lire, sb.^{3}). -OE. _hlēor_, face, countenance. See =leare.= - -=leer,= tape. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 79). In Kentish glossaries, see -EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{2}). See NED. (s.v. Lear, sb.^{2}). - -=leer,= empty. _A leer horse_, a horse without a rider (see Nares); _a -leer drunkard_, a drunkard void of self-control, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, -Induction; New Inn, iv. 3 (Lovel). ME. _lere_, empty (Rob. Glouc., p. -81); see Stratmann (s.v. lǣre). OE. _lǣre_; cp. G. _leer_. Very common -in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, adj.^{1}). - -=leer;= _Leer side_, in B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 2 (Turfe), and ii. 2, -‘Hat turn’d up o’ the leer side.’ Supposed by Nares to be used for the -left side. Probably due to the form _leereboard_ (for _lar-board_), see -Hakluyt’s Voyages, i. 4. - -=leere,= lore. See =lere.= - -=leese,= to lose. BIBLE, 1 Kings xviii. 5 (ed. 1611); Shak., Sonnet 5; -Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1. 4. ME. _lesen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -1290); OE. _lēosan_. - -=lefull,= permissible. Tyndale, Matt. xii. 12; Ascham, Toxophilus, 45. -ME. _leveful_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 37); _leve_, permission (id., C. T. B. -1637). See NED. (s.v. Leeful). - -=leg:= in phr. _to make a leg_, to make an obeisance by drawing one leg -backward. Tempest, ii. 2. 62; Merry Wives, v. 5. 58; ‘Give him a plum, -he makes his leg’, Selden, Table Talk (Thanksgiving). See Nares. - -=legacy,= an embassy, message delivered by a legate. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, vii. 349; ix. 220. - -=Lege de moy,= supposed to be the name of a dance; ‘Parys of Troy -Daunced a Lege de moy’, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 953; El. Rummyng, 587. - -=legem pone,= a cant term for ready money; ‘There are so manie Danaes -now a dayes . . . If _legem pone_ comes he is receav’d, When _Vix haud -habeo_ is of hope bereav’d’, The Affectionate Shepheard (Halliwell); -‘They were all at our service for the _legem pone_’, Ozell’s Rabelais, -iv. 12; ‘Use _legem pone_ to pay at thy day, But use not _Oremus_ for -often delay’, Tusser, Husbandry, 29. The origin of the use of this Latin -phrase for money is doubtless this: The first great pay-day of the year -was March 25, on which day of the month the _Legem pone_ is the first -portion of the 119th Psalm read at Mattins, so that these words were -easily associated with the idea of payment and ready money. See Nares. - -=leger,= light; ‘A hundred leger wafers’, The London Chanticleers, scene -5 (Welcome). F. _léger_. - -=legiaunce,= faithful service. Bacon, Henry VII, p. 142. OF. _ligeance_, -_legiance_, deriv. of _lige_, _liege_, entitled to feudal service, also, -bound to render feudal service, see Didot (s.v. Lige, Ligence). Cp. O. -Prov. _litge_, ‘liege’; of Germanic origin, OHG. _ledig_, free; -_legiaunce_ was the feudal service of a free man. See NED. - -=legier;= see =ledger.= - -=legier-booke,= a ‘ledger-book’, i.e. a book containing records, a -cartulary, register. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 51. See Dict. -(s.v. Ledger). - -=legierte,= lightness, agility. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 230. 20; -thoughtlessness, id., lf. 311, back, 23. F. _légèreté_, lightness. - -=leiger;= see =ledger.= - -=leke;= see =leak.= - -=lelacke,= lilac. Bacon, Essay 46. Cp. the Lincoln pronunciation -_lealock_, see EDD. (s.v. Laylock). - -=lelely;= see =leally.= - -=lembic,= an ‘alembic’, B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); _limbeck_, -Macbeth, i. 7. 67. - -=leme,= a flame, light, ray, beam. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. i, -c. 1, § 2; Calisto and Melibæa, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 64; _leames_, -lights, Sackville, Induction to Mirror, st. 9. A north-country word, see -EDD. (s.v. Leam, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _leme_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 4120). OE. -_lēoma_, light. - -=Lemures,= in early Roman religion, the spirits of the departed. Milton, -Christ’s Nativity, Hymn, st. 21. - -=l’envoy,= the sending forth a poem, hence, the conclusion of a poetical -or prose composition; the author’s parting words; _fig._ a conclusion, -catastrophe, ‘Long since I look’d for this l’envoy’, Massinger, Bashful -Lover, iv. 1 (Martino); v. 1 (Alonzo). OF. _envoye_ (F. _envoi_), a -sending. - -=lere,= lore, teaching. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 261; Drayton, Pol. -xxiv. 803; _leare_, Spenser, F. Q. iii, 11. 16; iv. 3. 40; _leares_, -lessons, F. Q. iii. 7. 21; _leere_, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 5 -(Sperantus). Also, the meaning, sense (as of a Latin phrase), Heywood, -Witches of Lancs. iv (Lawrence). In prov. use in Scotland and north of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, sb.^{1} 5). ME. _lere_ (Sir Gowther, 231); -fr. _leren_, to teach (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 441). See =leyre.= - -=lere;= see =leer.= - -=lerrepoop;= see =liripoop.= - -=lerrie,= something said by rote, a set speech, ‘patter’; ‘Man can teach -us our lerrie’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Third Lady). In -Kent ‘lerry’ is the part which has to be learnt by a mummer (EDD.). See -NED. (s.v. Lurry). - -=lesses,= the dung of a ‘ravenous’ animal. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; -p. 97; Maister of Game, c. 25. F. _laisses_, ‘the lesses (or dung) of a -wild Boar, Wolf, or Bear’ (Cotgr.). - -=lest,= to listen. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 17. See EDD. (s.v. List, -vb.^{3}). - -=lest;= see =list.= - -=lesynge;= see =leasing.= - -=let,= hindrance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 13; vi. 2. 17. ME. _lett_ (Cursor -M. 7395). - -=Lethe,= a river in Hades, the water of which produced forgetfulness of -the past; ‘Lethe the River of Oblivion’, Milton, P. L. ii. 583; ‘Lethe -Wharfe’, Hamlet, i. 5. 33. Hence _Lethean_, ‘They ferry over this -Lethean Sound’, Milton, P. L. ii. 604 (cp. the ‘Lethaeus amnis’ of -Virgil, Aeneid vi. 705). Gk. λήθη, forgetfulness, oblivion; personified -in Hesiod; no river is called Λήθη by the ancient Greeks. - -=Lethe,= Death, Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 206. Hence _Lethean_, deadly, -mortal. Blount, Glossogr., 1670. F. _Lethe_, ‘masc. Death; _Lethean_, -deadly, mortal, death-inflicting’ (Cotgr.). L. _letum_ (on acc. of -association with Gk. λήθη, Lethe, sometimes printed _lethum_, an -orthography which is not supported by MSS. or Inscriptions), Death. - -=lettice,= a kind of whitish grey fur; ‘A robe of Scarlet . . . bordered -with Lettice’, Hall, Chron., 25 Hen. VIII (ed. 1809, 803); _a lettice -cap_, ‘Bring in the Lettice cap . . . And then how suddenly we’ll make -you sleep’, Fletcher, M. Thomas, iii. 1. 9; id., Thierry and Theod. v. -2. 8. F. _letice_, ‘a beast of a whitish gray colour’ (Cotgr.). OF. -_letice_, _lettice_, _lettiche_, ‘fourrure ou pelisse grise’ (Didot), -see Ducange (s.v. Lactenus). OHG. _illitiso_, the polecat (12th cent.), -MHG. _iltis_, _iltisse_, see Weigand and Kluge (s.v. Iltis). See Nares. - -=lettuce,= in proverbial sayings: _Like lips, like lettuce_, i.e. things -happen to a man according to his deserts, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 318 -(Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1); _Like lettuce, like lips_, New Custom, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 23; _Such lips, such lettuce_, Heywood’s -Proverbs, 80. Cp. the Latin Proverb, ‘Similes habent labra lactucas’, -see Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 111). See NED. - -=level-coil,= a rough game, in which each player is in turn driven from -his seat and supplanted by another, hence, riotous sport. B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iii. 2 (Dame Turfe); ‘_Jouër à cul-leve_, to play at -level-coyl’, (Cotgrave). Also used as adv. for turn and turn about, -alternately, ‘The mother’s smile Brought forth the daughter’s blush, and -levell coyle, They smil’d and blusht’, Quarles, Argalus (ed. 1629, 18). -F. _lève-cul_, see Littré (s.v. Lever). See Halliwell. - -=lever,= rather, more gladly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; _me lever were_, -it would be more agreeable to me, id., iii. 2. 6. In gen. prov. use in -the British Isles. ME. ‘me were lever’ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1034). -OE. _lēofre_, comp. of _lēof_, dear, ‘lief’. - -=leveret,= a mistress, a courtesan. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 -(Malipiero); Gamester, i. 1; Honoria. i. 1 (Alamode). F. _levrette_, ‘A -Greyhound bitch, also, a most lascivious and incontinent wench’ -(Cotgr.). - -=levet,= a trumpet-call, to awaken soldiers, &c., in a morning; -‘Trumpets sound a levet’ (stage-direction), Fletcher, Double Marriage, -ii. 1; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 611. Ital. _levata_, a march upon a drum and -trumpet (Florio); orig. pp. fem. of _levare_, to raise. - -=levigate,= lightened, made easier. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. -3, § 1. Late L. _levigare_, to lighten; _levigatio_, a lightening -(Rönsch, 81). - -=leyre,= lore. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. -See =lere.= - -=leystall;= see =laystall.= - -=liam, lyam,= a leash for hounds. Spelt _liom_, Sir Thos. More, i. 4. -143; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 13, § 5; Drayton, Muses’ -Elysium, Nymphal 6, 65. O. Prov. _liam_ (Levy), Béarnais Dial., _liam_ -(Lespy), Norm.-F. _lian_, ‘lien’ (Moisy), L. _ligamen_, a band, anything -to tie with, fr. _ligare_, to tie. See NED. (s.v. Lyam), and EDD. (s.v. -Leam, sb.^{2}). See =lym.= - -=lib,= to sleep. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). Hence, -_libkin_, a house to sleep in, a lodging, B. Jonson, Gipsies -Metamorphosed (Jackman); _lib ken_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Tearcat); ‘A _lypken_, a house to lye in’, Harman, Caveat, 83. - -=lib;= see =glib.= - -=libbard,= leopard. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 29; Milton, P. L. vii. 467. -[The form ‘libbard’ occurs in modern poets: ‘The lion, and the libbard, -and the bear’, Cowper, Task, vi. 773; ‘On libbard’s paws’, Keats, Lamia, -ii. 185.] ME. _libarde_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 894). OF. _lebard_ -(Godefroy); see NED. - -=libbat,= a short thick stick, chiefly for throwing at cocks, &c.; a -billet of wood. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, st. 21, st. 12; id., prose -add. to bk. ii, § 22. In prov. use in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Dorset, -see EDD. (s.v. Libbet, sb.^{1}). - -=libecchio,= a south-west wind. Milton, P. L. x. 706. An erroneous form -for Ital. _libeccio_ (Florio), deriv. of L. _Libs_, S.W. wind; Gk. Λίψ. - -=libel, libell,= a little book, a short treatise. Gascoigne, Works, i. -42; a written statement. North’s Plutarch, Life of Octavius, § 25 (in -Shaks. Plut., p. 277, note 1). - -=liberal,= licentious, gross. Much Ado, iv. 1. 93; Merch. Ven. ii. 2. -194; Othello, ii. 1. 165. _Liberally_, licentiously; City Gallant, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 194. - -=libration,= oscillation, swaying to and fro; ‘The bounds of thy -libration’, Dryden, Conq. of Granada, ii. 3. 1 (Almanzor). L. _librare_, -to balance. - -=licket.= Meaning doubtful; perhaps a flap of some kind; ‘Wear your coif -with a London licket’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). In the west country -‘licket’ is in use for ‘a shred, rag’ (EDD.). - -=lidderon,= a rascal. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 29; Garl. of -Laurell, 188. A Sc. prov. word, see Jamieson, Suppl. ME. _lyderon_ or -_lydron_, ‘lydorus’ (Prompt. EETS. 262), (_lydorus_ = Gk. λοίδορος). - -=lieger,= an ordinary or resident Ambassador; ‘A Lieger (differed) from -an extraordinary Ambassador’, Fuller, Ch. Hist. iii. 5. 22; Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, ii. 2 (Alvarez); a commissioner, an agent, spelt _leiger_, -Meas. for M. iii. 1. 59; Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 140. See =ledger.= - -=lie-pot,= a vessel to hold ‘lye’ for use as a hair-wash. Middleton, -Five Gallants, i. 1. 12 (_or_ 14). - -=lifter,= a thief, cheat. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 129; Greene, James IV, iii. -1 (near the end). - -=lig, ligge,= to lie, lie down. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 40; Shep. Kal., -May, 217; Oct., 12. In common prov. use in the north country and E. -Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lie, vb.^{2} 1 (4)). OE. _licgean_ (_liggan_). - -=lightly,= usually, commonly. Richard III, iii. 1. 91; Massinger, -Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo); ‘There’s lightning lightly before thunder’, -Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 110); given as a Kentish saying -(EDD.). - -=lightmans,= a cant term for day. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =darkmans.= - -=like,= to please; ‘The music likes you not’, Two Gent. iv. 2. 56; esp. -in the phrase of courtesy, _an’t like your Grace_, if it please your -Grace, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 100 (for exx. see Schmidt). ME. _lyke_, to -please; _it lyketh yow_, it pleases you (Chaucer); OE. _līcian_, to -please. - -†=lilburne,= heavy stupid fellow; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister -Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek). - -=lill,= to let the tongue loll out, to thrust forth the tongue. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 5. 34; ‘I lylle out the tonge’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in -Berks. and Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Lill, vb.^{2}). - -=limbeck;= see =lembic.= - -=limiter,= a friar licensed to beg within certain limits. Spenser, -Mother Hubberd, 85. ME. _limitour_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 209). See Nares. - -=limmer,= a ‘limber’; the shaft of a cart or carriage. North, tr. of -Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 26); ‘_Timone_, the -limmer or beam or pole of a wagon’, Torriano, Ital. Dict. (1688). -‘Limmer’ is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Limber). - -=limmer,= a scoundrel, rascal, rogue. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 -(Earine); Dalrymple, tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. ix. 219; _lymmer_, -Holinshed Hist. Irel. (Nares). In common prov. use in the north country -(EDD.). - -=limp,= a ‘limpet’. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 189. A Cumberland word (EDD.). - -=lin,= a pool. Drayton, Pol. v. 118; vi. 22. In Scotland and the Border -country _linn_ is used for the pool at the base of a waterfall, see EDD. -(s.v. Linn, sb.^{1} 2). Gael _linne_; Irish _linn_; Welsh _llyn_, a -pool. - -=lin,= to cease. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; Puritan Widow, iii. 5. 110; B. -Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Tat.); Mirror for Mag. 77 (Nares). In -prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _linne_ (King Horn, 1004); -OE. _linnan_. - -=line,= the lime or linden. Holland, Pliny, i. 541; _line-grove_, grove -of lime-trees, Tempest, v. 1. 10. OE. _lind_ and _linde_. See NED. (s.v. -Lind). - -=lingel,= a shoemaker’s waxed thread. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. -Pestle, v.3 (Ralph); Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142; ‘Lyngell that -souters sowe with, _chefgros_’, Palsgrave. ‘Lingel’ (or ‘lingle’) is the -ordinary word for shoemaker’s thread in Scotland (EDD.). F. _ligneul_ -(Cotgr.). - -=linsel, lynsel,= a sheet, a winding-sheet. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 83. -F. _linceul_, a sheet; L. _linteolum_, dimin. of _linteum_, a linen -cloth. - -=lint,= flax, flaxen cloth; ‘Robes that brooke no lint’, admit of no -flax; being of costly material, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 9, -st. 68. In prov. use in Scotland and north of Ireland (EDD.). - -=lint-staff,= a lint-stock or linstock, a staff with a forked head to -hold a lighted match. Heywood, Challenge for Beauty, iii. 1 -(Valladaura); vol. v, p. 35. See Dict. (s.v. Linstock). - -=lion-drunk,= drunk as a lion. Massinger, Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo). -The four degrees of drunkenness were to be drunk as a sheep -(good-humoured); as a lion (noisy); as an ape (foolish); and as a swine -(bestial). See note to Chaucer (C. T. H. 44), in Complete Works. - -=liquor,= to lubricate; to anoint with grease. Bacon, Nat. History, § -117; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 106. - -=liripoop,= chiefly in phrases _to know_ or _have_ (one’s) _liripoop_, -_to teach_ (a person) _his liripoop_. It means something to be learned -and acted or spoken; _lyrypoope_, Newton, Lemnie’s Complex. vii. 58 -(NED.); ‘I will teach thee thy lyrripups’, Stanyhurst, Desc. Irel. in -Holinshed, ii. 35; _lerripoope_, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Prisius); -_leerypoope_, Sapho, i. 3 (Cryticus). Used in the sense of a trick, -_lerrepoop_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, i. 1 (Sir -Gregory); London Prodigal, iv. 1. 2. Cp. ‘lerry’, Linc. word for a trick -(EDD.). See =lerry.= - -=lirrypoope,= a silly person, Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1. See Nares (s.v. -Liripoop). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. Lirripoop). - -=list,= a stripe of colour. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 306; Sir T. Browne, -Vulgar Errors, bk. vi, c. 11. Hence _listed_, striped, Milton, P. L. xi. -866. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. List, sb.^{1} 3). F. _liste_, a list -or selvedge (Cotgr.). - -=listeth, list,= _impers._ it is pleasing to; ‘Ys yt not lawfull for me -to do as me listeth with myne awne’, Tyndale, Matt. xx. 15; ‘Me list -. . . This idle task to undertake’, Peele, Arraignm. Paris, i. 2; ‘When -me lest’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 247. - -=litch-owl,= the ‘lich-owl’, screech-owl, whose cry portended death; -‘The shrieking Litch-owl that doth never cry But boding death’, Drayton, -The Owl, 302; _like-owle_, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. x, c. 23 (i. -283c). See EDD. (s.v. Lich). ME. _liche_, a body, a dead body (Chaucer). -OE. _līc_. - -=lithe, lythe,= a joint; _out of lythe_, out of joint, Morte Arthur, -leaf 58, back, 10; bk. iii, c. 13. ME. _lyth_, a limb (Prompt.). OE. -_lið_. - -=lither,= pliant, supple, yielding; ‘The lither skie’, 1 Hen. VI, iv. 7. -21; see NED. ‘Lither’ is used in this sense in Kent and Sussex, see EDD. -(s.v. Lither, adj.^{2}). Probably the same word as ‘lither’, lazy, -sluggish. OE. _lȳðre_, bad (morally and physically). - -=little-ease,= pillory, stocks; a very small compartment in a prison. -Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1. 9. Also called _small-ease_. See -Nares. - -=little-son,= a grandson. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 22 (in -Shak. Plut., p. 271). - -=liver.= Supposed to be the seat of love; to which idea allusions are -common. Temp. iv. 56; Merry Wives, ii. 1. 121. Also, the seat of -courage; Twelfth Nt. iii. 2. 22. To be _lily-livered_, or -_milk-livered_, or _pigeon-livered_, or _white-livered_, is to lack -courage, to be cowardly. - -=livery,= a suit of clothes bestowed on retainers or servants, 2 Hen. -IV, v. 5. 11; _instance of livery_, badge of service; Ford, Broken -Heart, iv. 1 (Nearchus). Hence _liveried_, ‘A thousand liveried angels -lackey her’, Milton, Comus, 455. F. _livrée_, ‘a delivery of a thing -that’s given, the thing so given, hence, a livery; ones cloth, colours, -or device worn by servants or others’ (Cotgr.); Med. L. _liberata_ -(Ducange). See Dict. - -=loave ears,= drooping ears. Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Morisco). - -=lob,= a lubber, a clown. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 10; Westward Ho, ii. 3 -(Birdlime). Cp. Du. _lobben_, ‘a lubbard, a clowne’ (Hexham). A -Lancashire word, see EDD. (s.v. Lob, sb.^{2}). - -=lobcock,= a lubber; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 -(Merygreek); Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 3 (end). In prov. use in the north -country and in E. Anglia (EDD.). - -=Lob’s pound,= prison; also _fig._ a state of great difficulty or -entanglement; a fix. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer); Digby, -Elvira, ii. 1 (Chichon); Butler, Hud. i. 3. 910. Also _Hob’s pound_. See -Nares. - -=lodam,= the name of a game of cards; ‘_Carica l’asino_, the play at -cards that we call, Load him’ (Florio); in one form, called _losing -loadum_, the loser won the game, ‘_Coquimbert qui gaigne pert_, a game -at cards, like our losing Lodam’, Cotgrave; Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 -(Lodam). - -=lodesman,= a pilot, guide; ‘Lodesman of a shippe, Pilotte’, Palsgrave; -‘A lodes-man’, Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 184. ME. _lodesman_, pilot -(Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1488). OE. _lādmann_. - -=lodesmate,= (?) a travelling companion. Only in Gascoigne, Glasse Govt. -v. 3 (Phylocalus), in Poems (ed. 1870, ii. 77). - -=loffe,= to laugh. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 55. In EDD. _loff_ (_lough_) -is given as the infin. of ‘laugh’ in many parts of England (western from -Lanc. to Cornwall). In Lanc. they say ‘he lough’ for ‘he laughed’. ME. -_lough_, pret. of _laughe_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 248); OE. _hlōh_, -laughed. - -=loft,= uplifted, elated; ‘In neyther fortune loft, nor yet represt’, -Surrey, Of the death of Sir T. W., ii. 27, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 29; and -see the same Misc., p. 235, l. 11. - -=loggats,= a game in which thick sticks are thrown to lie as near as -possible to a stake fixed in the ground or a block of wood on a floor. -Hamlet, v. 1. 99. See EDD. - -=lol,= that which lolls; the tongue. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. -442. See EDD. (s.v. Loll, vb.^{2}: Loller, ‘the tongue’). - -=lollard,= lazy, idle, sluggish; ‘The lolearde Asse’, Turbervile, That -all things have release, st. 3. The word ‘lollard’ for a lazy person is -used in Cumberland (EDD.). - -=Lombard,= a native of Lombardy; ‘A Lumbarde, _longobardus_’, Levins, -Manip. 30; a Lombard engaged as a money-changer or pawnbroker, Greene, -Mourn. Garm. 44 (NED.); also, a money-lender’s office, a pawnshop, -Northward Ho, v. 1 (Kate). Norm. F. _lombard_, _lumbart_, ‘usurier, -prêteur sur gages’ (Moisy). See =lumber.= - -=lome,= a bucket. Mirror for Mag., Godwin, st. 55. ‘Loom’ is in use in -many parts of Scotland for a vessel of any kind, see EDD. (s.v. 4). - -=long,= to belong. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254. ME. -_longen_, to belong (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2278); OE. _langian_. - -=longee,= a ‘lunge’, a complimental bow to a lady. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. -159. See Dict. (s.v. Lunge). - -=longtails;= see =Kentish long-tails.= - -=loos,= praise, fame. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 12. ME. _los_, praise -(Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1514); OF. _los_, _loos_; O. Prov. _laus_, praise; -L. _laudes_, pl. of _laus_, praise. - -=loose,= the act of discharging an arrow. Middleton, Family of Love, -iii. 2. 5; Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 146). - -=lope,= to run. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s Song); Greene, -James IV, Induction (Bohan); Gascoigne, Fruites Warre, lii (NED.). They -say in Essex, ‘He went lopin’ along’, see EDD. (s.v. Loup, vb.^{1} 8). -Du. _loopen_, ‘to runne or to trot’ (Hexham). - - =lopeman,= a runner. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iii. 4. 8. - -=lorel,= a worthless person, rogue, blackguard; ‘I am laureate, I am no -lorelle’, Skelton, Against Garnesche. See NED. ME. _lorel_, ‘Lewede -lorel!’ (P. Plowman, A. viii. 123). See =Cock Lorel.= - -=loring,= instruction. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 42. (A rime-word; formed fr. -_lore_.) - -=lote,= in Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 802, represents Gk. λωτός, some -kind of clover or trefoil, see NED. (s.v. Lote, sb.^{1} 2). - -=lought,= loath. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, i. 1 (Old Forrest); -vol. vi, p. 364. ‘Loft’ is in prov. use in Oxfordsh. and Kent as a -pronunc. of ‘loath’ (EDD.). - -=loup-garou,= a werwolf, a man changed into the form of a wolf. North, -tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Story of Timon). F. _loup-garou_; F. -_loup_, wolf + _garou_, a werwolf, cp. MHG. _werwolf_, man-wolf; OE. -_werewulf_, so that in _loup-garou_ there is a tautological repetition -of two words for ‘wolf’—one of Latin and the other of Teutonic origin. -See Hatzfeld. - -=lour, lowre,= money (Cant); ‘Lour to bouze with’, Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Harman, Caveat, p. 85. - -=lourdain,= a general term of opprobrium, a sluggard, vagabond. -Puttenham, English Poesie, bk. i, ch. 13; Drayton, Sheph. Garl. (ed. -1593, K 2), see Nares; ‘Let alone makes mony lurdon’, Ray’s English -Proverbs (ed. 1678, p. 383). See EDD. (s.v. Lurdane). ME. _lordayne_ -(_lurdayn_), ‘lurco’ (Prompt. EETS. 269 and 272); OF. _lourdein_, ‘sot, -stupide’ (Roquefort), deriv. of _lourd_, heavy, dull. - -=loute,= to bend, bow, make obeisance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; v. 8. -50. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Lout, vb.^{2} 1). ME. _loute_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 683); OE. -_lūtan_, to stoop. - -=louver,= an aperture with a shutter or flap; ‘He put abrode the louvres -of the tente’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; spelt _lover_, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 42. A north-country word still in use (EDD.). ME. -_lovere_, ‘lodium’ (Prompt. EETS. 271, see note, no. 1294); OF. _lover_, -_lovier_ (Godefroy). - - =lover-hole,= an opening in a ‘louver’, Shirley, Honoria, iii. 4 - (Alamode). - -=love,= to praise, to appraise; ‘I love, as a chapman loveth his ware -that he wyll sell’, Palsgrave. ME. _loven_: ‘_lovon_ and bedyn as -chapmen’ (Prompt. EETS. 277); OE. _lofian_, to praise, to value; cp. G. -_loben_. - -=lovery,= a ‘louver’. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. v. 72. - -=loves.= The phrases _for all loves_, _of all loves_ (or _love_), _upon -all love_, _for love’s sake_, are all phrases indicating strong -entreaty, like our _for my sake_, _for his sake_. ‘Speake of all loves’, -Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 153. ‘Of all loves’ is a Derb. form of entreaty, -see EDD. (s.v. Love, sb.^{1} 3). - -=low-bell,= a hand-bell used in fowling, to make the birds lie close; -‘Take a low-bell which must have a deep and hollow sound’, Gentleman’s -Recreation, Fowling, 39 (Nares); ‘As timorous larks amazed are With -light and with a low-bell’, St. George for England, st. 5 (written in -1688), in Percy’s Reliques (ed. Bohn, ii. 329). It is probably this kind -of bell which Petruchio means when he says to Maria: ‘Peace, gentle -low-bell!’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3. - -=low-men,= loaded dice that produced low throws. London Prodigal, i. 1. -218. - -=lubric, lubrick,= incontinent, wanton. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 2 -(Win.); Dryden, Ode to Mrs. Killigrew, 63; B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 -(Crispinus). Med. L. _lubricus_, ‘impudicus, salax’ (Ducange). - -=lubrican,= the ‘leprechaun’; in Irish folk-lore, a pigmy sprite who -always carries a purse containing a shilling (NED.); ‘Your Irish -lubrican’, Dekker, Honest Wh., 2nd Pt. iii. 1 (Hippolito); Drayton, -Agincourt. For full particulars of this tricky little sprite, see Joyce, -English as we speak it in Ireland, 284. Irish _lupracán_ (also, -_lughracán_, _lugharcán_) a ‘leprechaun’ (Dinneen, p. 450). See EDD. -(s.v. Leprechaun). - -=lucern,= a lynx. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); _lucerns_ (= -θῶες), Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 417; id., Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); -_luzern_, Peele, Device of a Pageant. Cp. early mod. G. _lüchsern_, -pertaining to the lynx, deriv. of _luchs_, a lynx (NED.). - -=lug,= the ear. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (P. Canter); Return from -Parnassus (last scene); hence, _lugg’d_, furnished with ‘lugs’ or flaps, -Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 174. ‘Lug’ is very common in the -north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lug, sb.^{2} 1). - -=lug,= a measure of land. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 11. In prov. use in the -Midlands and south-west counties from Warwicksh. to Somerset, see EDD. -(s.v. Lug, sb.^{3} 5). - -=lug,= to pull, drag about. Hamlet, iii. 4. 212; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83; -‘Head-lugged bear’, King Lear, iv. 2. 42. In common colloq. use (EDD.). - -=lugge,= a stiff bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 28; ‘_Vastus arcus_, a -lugge or mighty bigge bowe’, Cooper. - -=lull,= pleasant soothing drink; ‘A Cup of blessed lull’, The London -Chanticleers, scene 9 (Heath). Not found elsewhere. - -=lumber,= a pawnbroking establishment; ‘_Mónte de piedád_, a lumber or -bancke to lend money for a yeare, for those that need, without -interest’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. Phr. _to put to lumber_, to put in pawn, -‘To put one’s Clothes to Lumbar, _pignori dare_’, Skinner. See -=Lombard.= - -=Luna,= an alchemist’s name for silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle). ME. ‘Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe’ (Chaucer, C. T. -G. 826). - -=lunary,= moonwort, the fern called _Botrychium Lunaria_. Drayton, -Nymphidia, st. 50; Lyly, Endimion, ii. 3 (End.); iv. 3 (Gyptes); Sapho, -iii. 3 (Ismena); B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). ME. _lunarie_ -(Chaucer). - -=lune,= a ‘loyn’ or thong for a hawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 104, back, 12; -bk. vi, c. 16. ME. _loigne_ (Rom. Rose, 3882). OF. _loigne_, a cord. -Med. L. _longia_, ‘lorum’ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Loyn). - -=lunes,= fits of frenzy, mad freaks. Winter’s Tale, ii. 2. 30. F. -_lune_, humour, whim; ‘_Il y a de la lune_, he is a foolish, humorous, -hare-brain’d, giddy-headed fellow’ (Cotgr.); cp. G. _laune_, whim, -humour; fr. L. _luna_, the moon. - -=lungis,= a long, slim fellow; one who is long in doing anything. -Beaumont and Fl., Knight B. Pestle, ii. 3. 4; ‘_Longis or a long -slymme_, _lungurio_’, Huloet; ‘_Lungis_, a slim slow-back, a drowsy or -dreaming Fellow’, Phillips (ed. 1706). F. ‘_Longis_, nom propre d’un -personnage légendaire, qui aurait percé de sa lance le flanc de Jésus -Christ; le sens est dû à l’influence de _long_: Celui qui est long à -faire qqch.’ (Hatzfeld). Longinus was said to have been the soldier who -pierced the Lord’s side with his lance (λόγχη); his martyrdom at -Caesarea in Cappadocia was commemorated March 15; see Dict. Christ -Antiq. (s.v.). - -=lupus est in fabula,= there is a wolf coming to interrupt our talk. A -proverb used on the occasion of a sudden silence; from the idea that a -man becomes dumb if a wolf happens to see him before the man sees the -wolf. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 322 (p. 93, col. 1); see Sir T. Browne, -Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, ch. 8. The superstition is referred to by -Virgil, Ecl. ix. 54. The proverb occurs in Terence, Adelphi, iv. 1. 21. -See Büchmann, Geflügelte Worte (ed. 1905, p. 441). - -=lurch,= to remain in or about a place secretly, esp. with an evil -design. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 26; to be beforehand in getting something, -to get hold of by stealth, Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2; to deprive, -rob, Coriolanus, ii. 2. 106. A north-country word (EDD.). - -=lurden,= a term of reproach, Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 4. See -=lourdain.= - -=lush,= luxuriant, succulent. Temp. ii. 1. 52. In prov. use in Lakeland -and Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Lush, adj.^{1}). ME. _lusch_ or slak, ‘laxus’ -(Prompt.). - -=lusk,= to lie idle, to indulge in laziness. Warner, Alb. England, bk. -vi, ch. 30, st. 15. Cp. ‘lusk’, a Linc. word for an idle worthless -fellow (EDD.). Hence _luskye_, lazy; ‘Thy luskye nest’, Drayton, The -Owl, 111; _luskishness_, sluggishness, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 35. - -=lustick, lustique,= merry, jolly. All’s Well, ii. 3. 47; ‘Rusticke and -lusticke’, Dekker, Sir T. Wyatt (Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. Du. -_lustigh_, pleasant (Hexham); deriv. of _lust_, pleasure. See NED. - -=lustihead,= jollity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 51. - -=lustless,= listless, feeble. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20; Gascoigne, -Jocasta, iii. 4. 2. ME. _lustles_ (Gower, C. A. ii. 2024; iv. 3455). - -=luxur,= an incontinent man. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. 9. - -=luxury,= lasciviousness. Middleton, A Game at Chess, ii; A Mad World, -iii. 2 (Mis. H.); Hamlet, i. 5. 83. ME. _luxurie_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. -925). Late L. _luxuria_ (in Vulgate = ἀσωτία, Eph. v. 18). - -=luzern;= see =lucern.= - -=lyam;= see =liam.= - -=lycanthropi,= persons suffering from _lycanthropia_, or wolf-madness. -Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 3 (Franciscus); Ford, Lover’s -Melancholy, iii. 3 (Corax). Gk. λυκάνθρωπος, a wer-wolf, a man who -thought he was changed into a wolf, or who was thought by others to be -so changed. - -=lyers;= see =leare.= - -=lylse-wulse,= linsey-woolsey. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 128. -_Lylsey_ is an older form of Linsey (Suffolk), where cloth was once -made. _Wulse_ furnishes a pun on the name of Wolsey. - -=lym,= a lyam-hound, or one held by a leash. King Lear, iii. 6. 72. -Short for _lyam-hound_. See =liam.= - -=lymiter;= see =limiter.= - -=lythe;= see =lithe.= - - - - - M - - -=M,= abbreviation for Master as a conventional title. Phr. _to have_ (or -_carry_) _an M under one’s girdle_, to use a respectful prefix (Mr. or -Mrs.) when addressing or mentioning a person; ‘You might carry an M -under your girdle to Mr. Deputy’s worship’, B. Jonson, &c., Eastward Ho, -iv. 1 (Constable); ‘Have you nere an M under your girdle’, Great Britons -Honycombe (Nares); ‘You might have an M under your Girdle, Miss’, Swift, -Polite Conversation; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 133. [‘Ye might hae -had an M under your belt for Mistress Wilson of Milnwood’, Scott, Old -Mortality, xxix.] - -=mace-proof,= proof against fear of bailiffs or mace-carrying serjeants. -Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Bonamico); Gamester, iii. 1 (Lord F.). - -=mackrel gale,= a fresh gale, when mackerel are more easily caught. -Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 456. - -=maculate,= to stain, defile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 26, § -8; _maculated_, spotted, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 29, § -9. L. _maculare_, to spot; from _macula_, a spot. - -=mad=(=de,= a maggot or grub, esp. the larva which causes a disease in -sheep. Tusser, Husbandry, § 50; Best, Farming Books (Surtees Soc., 6); -Worlidge, Syst. Agric. 273; an earthworm, ‘Mooles take mads’, Warner, -Alb. England, ii. 9, st. 52; Holland, Pliny, ii. 361. See =mathe.= - -=maddle-coddle,= foolish. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 391. See EDD. (s.v. Maddle). - -=Madrill,= Madrid. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1 (Pedro); ii. 1 -(Alvarez); Marvell, Appleton House. Cp. Span. _Madrileño_, a native or -inhabitant of Madrid. - -†=magar,= some kind of ship. Only in Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 86; p. 90, -col. 2. - -=mage,= a magician. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 14. L. _magus_, pl. _magi_, -‘the Wise Men’ (Vulgate, Matt. ii. 1). - -=maggot-pate,= a light-headed whimsical person. Beaumont and Fl., Span. -Curate, iv. 5 (Milanes). - -=maggot-pye,= a magpie. Macbeth, iii. 4. 125; ‘_Gazzotto_, a -maggot-a-pie’, Florio. ‘Magot’ was a pet name for Margaret, see -Bardsley, English Surnames, 76. F. _Margot_, ‘diminutif très familier de -Marguerite, nom vulgaire de la pie’ (Littré). ‘Maggotty-pie’ is in prov. -use in Wilts., Somerset, and Cornwall for the magpie, see EDD. (s.v. -Maggot, sb.^{2}). - -=magisterium,= lit. mastery; a name for the ‘philosopher’s stone’. B. -Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). See Ducange. - -=magnificate,= to magnify; ‘A church reformed state, The which the -female tongues magnificate’, Marston, Sat. ii. 42; ridiculed by Jonson, -Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); p. 130. - -=magnificence,= liberality of expenditure combined with good taste. -Massinger, Renegado, ii. 4 (Vitelli); Duke of Milan, iii. 1 (Charles). -Cp. Chaucer, C. T. I. 736. - -=magnificent,= munificent, liberal. Massinger, Emp. of the East, ii. 1 -(Theodosius); Parl. of Love, iv. 1 (Dinant). - -=maid,= a name given to the thornback and skate, when young. A Woman -never vexed, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 112; Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104; -Gay, Trivia, ii. 292. In prov. use in Ireland and various parts of -England, see EDD. - -=mail,= in hawking, to tie or wrap up a hawk with a girdle or kerchief, -to secure her. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain); Fletcher and -Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 3 (Gerasto). See NED. (s.v. Mail, vb.^{3} -2). - -=main,= in the game of hazard, a number (from five to nine inclusive) -called by the caster before the dice are thrown; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 47; -_mains_, throws at dice; Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Quadratus). See -NED. (s.v. Main, sb.^{3} 1). - -=mainprize,= suretyship, acceptance of suretyship. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. -60; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); ‘_Mainprise_, the -receiving a man into friendly custody, that otherwise is or might be -committed to prison, upon security given for his forthcoming at a day -assigned’, Cowell, Interpreter (ed. 1637). Anglo-F. _maynprys_ (Rough -List). - -=maiordomo,= ‘major-domo’, the chief officer or servant of a princely or -wealthy household. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4 (ed. Arber, -158). Span. _mayordomo_, a steward (Stevens). - -=maistry,= a competitive feat of strength or skill. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 17, § 4; _masteries_, Bacon, Essay 19, § 3. - -=make,= a companion, husband, wife. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 7; iii. 11. 2. -Hence _makeless_, widowed, Shak., Sonnet 9. ME. _make_, a mate, equal, -match; a wedded companion, husband or wife (Chaucer). Still in use in -these senses in Scotland, also in England in many parts from the north -to Glouc. OE. _gemaca_. - - =makeless,= matchless, incomparable, Mirror for Mag, Buckingham, - st. 13. - -=make-bate,= a mischief-maker, promoter of quarrels. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, ii. 573 (ed. Arber, 62); BIBLE, 2 Tim. iii. 3 (margin); Titus -ii. 3 (margin); ‘Satan the author and sower of discord stirred up his -instruments, certain Frenchmen, tittivillers and makebaits about the -King’, Foxe, Bk. Martyrs (ed. Cattley, ii. 648); Heywood, A Woman -Killed, iii. 2 (Nicholas). In prov. use in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Make, -vb.^{1} 3). - -=making,= a match-making, matching. Middleton, A Trick to catch, iii. 3 -(Witgood). - -=malakatoon,= a quince, a peach grafted on a quince. Webster, Devil’s -Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio); _malicatoon_, Rowley, All’s Lost, i. 3. 15. -See =melocotone.= - -=malander, mallander,= a dry scabby eruption behind the knee in horses. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 94; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem). -F. _malandre_; Late L. _malandria_, pl. pustules on the neck, esp. in -horses (Vegetius). - -=male,= a bag, wallet, pack. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142. 2; ‘Male or -wallet, to putte geare in’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. 4. ME. -_male_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3115). See Dict. (s.v. Mail, 2). - -=male-ease,= indisposition, illness. Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 2; -bk. viii, c. 41. F. _malaise_. - -=malefice,= an evil deed. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1154. L. -_maleficium_, evil deed. - -=malengin, malengine,= evil contrivance, ill intent, deceit. Spenser, F. -Q. iii. 1. 53; v. 9. 5. ME. _malengin_: ‘The florin Was moder ferst of -malengin’ (Gower, C. A. v. 345). Anglo-F. _malengin_, evil device -(Gower, Mirour, 6544); cp. _engin_, device, trickery, id., 2102. - -=maleur,= misfortune. Spelt _maleheure_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 169. -1; _maleure_, id., lf. 244, back, 22. OF. _maleur_; L. _malum augurium_, -evil destiny. - -=maleurous,= unlucky. Spelt _malewreus_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 82. -26. OF. _maleuros_ (F. _malheureux_). - -=maleurtee,= misfortune. Spelt _maleheurte_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -338. 15. See NED. - -=male-uryd,= ill-omened, unlucky. Skelton, Against the Scottes, 111. See -=ure= (destiny). - -=malgrado,= ‘maugre’, in despite of, to the loss of; ‘Malgrado of his -honour’, Greene, Orl. Fur. v. 2 (Orlando); Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5. 5. -Ital. _malgrado_, ‘in despight of’ (Florio). Cp. =maugre.= - -=malice,= to regard with malice, seek to injure. Surrey. Complaint of a -Lover that defied Love, 34 (in Tottell’s Misc., p. 8); North, tr. of -Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 13 (in Shak. Plut., p. 23). See Nares. - -=malkin,= an untidy female servant, a slut, slattern. Coriolanus, ii. 1. -227; Pericles, iv. 3. 34; used as a term of abuse, a lewd woman, spelt -_maukin_, Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady); Death of E. -Huntington, ii. 1 (Hubert), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 258. ‘Malkin’ -(‘Mawkin’) is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland for a slattern, -and as a term of abuse, see EDD. (s.v. Mawkin, 2). It is prop. a dimin. -of the Christian name _Maud_ (ME. _Malde_), a F. equivalent of -_Matilda_. - -=mall,= a club. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 51; an iron club, id., iv. 5. 42. -As vb., to beat down, id., v. 11. 8. - -=malleation,= the test of hammering. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). -From L. _malleus_, a hammer. - -=malleted,= infixed as if by a ‘mallet’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. -649. - -=maltalent,= ill-will. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 61. ME. _maltalent_, -ill-will, ill-humour (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 273 and 330); Anglo-F. -_maltalant_, ill-humour (Ch. Rol. 271). - -=mammer,= to waver, to be undecided. Othello, iii. 3. 70; Drant, tr. -Horace, 2 Sat. 3. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _mamere_, ‘mutulare’ -(Voc. 668. 26). See Nares. - -=mammet,= a puppet, an odd figure, freq. used as a term of abuse. Romeo, -iii. 5. 186; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 95; spelt _maumet_, Machin, The Dumb -Knight, iii. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mommet). ME. _maumet_, an -idol, a false god (Chaucer, C. T. I. 860); OF. _mahumet_, an idol, orig. -Mahomet, who was supposed to be one of the false gods of the Saracens -(Ch. Rol. 2590). - -=mammock,= a scrap, shred. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 654; to tear into -shreds, Coriolanus, i. 3. 71. ‘Mammock’, a broken piece, scrap, slice of -food; to cut into pieces—in prov. use (EDD.). - -=mammothrept,= a spoiled child, weakling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -iv. 1 (Amorphus). Gk. μαμμόθρεπτος, brought up by one’s grandmother. - -=man,= to ‘squire’, or accompany a lady, to escort. Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 291); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (Amaranta). - -=manable,= used of a girl of marriageable age. Middleton, Family of -Love, iv. 4 (Gudgeon); ‘She’s manable’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, ii. -1 (Otrante). - -=manage,= management, control. Richard II, iii. 3. 179; Edw. III, iii. -3. 224. - -=manchet,= a small loaf of white bread. Drayton, Pol., Song, xvi. 229; -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Roger). In prov. use in Yorks., Lanc., -and in the west country (EDD.). Norm. F. _manchette_, ‘pain à croûte -dure, inégale, fait en forme de couronne’ (Moisy). Prob. the same word -as F. _manchette_, a cuff (Hatzfeld). - -=manderer;= see =maunder.= - -=mandilion,= a soldier’s cloak. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, x. 120; -Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares. Ital. -_mandiglione_, a jacket (Florio), deriv. of Med. L. _mantile_, cp. Span. -_mantilla_. See Dozy, Glossaire, 299. - -=mandragora,= mandrake. Othello, iii. 3. 330; Ant. and Cl. i. 5. 4. Gk. -μανδραγόρας. - -=mandrake,= the plant _Atropa mandragora_; of a strong narcotic quality. -Its root was thought to resemble the human figure, and to cause madness -by its shriek or groan when torn from the ground. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. -310; Romeo, iv. 3. 47; a term of abuse, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 16; iii. 2. -342. - -=mandritta, mandrita,= in fencing, a cut from right to left. Nabbes, -Microcosmos, i. 2 (Choler); Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 56. -Ital. _mandritto_, _manritto_, ‘a right handed blow’ (Florio). - -=maner, manner:= in phr. _to be taken with the maner_, to be taken in -the act. BIBLE, Num. v. 13 (ed. 1611); also, in the Geneva Bible (1562); -1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 350; Winter’s Tale, iv. 3 (or 4), 755. ‘If the -Defendant were taken with the mainour (or manour)’, Cowell, Interpreter -(s.v. Mainour); ‘He is taken with the maynure’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. ii. c. 7, § 6. Compare the Anglo-F. legal phrase _pris ov mainoure_, -and the L. _cum manuopere captus_, i.e. taken with the thing stolen in -one’s possession (Ducange, s.v. Manopera); _mainoure_, lit. hand-work, -acquired the legal sense of ‘thing stolen’. Later, to be taken _in the_ -(_i’th_) _manner_, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. -Mainour). - -=mangonize,= to sell men or boys for slaves. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. -1 (Tucca). L. _mangonizare_, to trim up an article for sale (Pliny); -_mango_, a dealer in slaves and wares. - -=manicon,= the name of a narcotic, obtained from a kind of night-shade, -so called from its supposed power of causing madness; ‘(Who) Bewitch -hermetic men to run Stark staring mad with manicon’, Butler, Hud. iii. -1. 324. See Alphita, 176 (under Strignus manicon, and Solatrum mortale). -Cp. Gk. στρύχνος μανικός (Dioscorides). - -=maniple,= a handful, bundle. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Dia.); a -band of men, Milton, Areopagitica (ed. Hales, 48). See Dict. - -=manner;= see =maner.= - -=manred,= the men whom the lord could call upon in time of war; hence, a -supply of fighting men; ‘Manred and retinew’, Holland, Camden’s Brit., -Scot. ii. 17 (NED.); Phaer, Aeneid vii, 644 and 710 (L. orig. ‘cohors’). -OE. _mannrǣden_, homage, service due from tenants. - -=manticore,= a fabulous animal, compounded of a lion, porcupine, and -scorpion, with a human head. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 118 and 124; -‘Mantichoras, monstrous beasts’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, -v (Butler). Gk. μαντιχώρας, a corrupt reading for μαρτιχόρας in -Aristotle; from a Persian word meaning ‘man-eater’. See NED. - -=manto,= a cloak. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 700. Ital. _manto_. - -=mantoon,= a mantle. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). Ital. -_mantone_, _manto_, a cloak (Florio). - -=manurage,= cultivation of land. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, c. 14, -st. 1. - -=map,= a mop. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto); ‘Map’ is a Yorks. -pronunc. of ‘mop’ (EDD.). - -=maquerelle,= a bawd, a procuress. Westward Ho, v. 3; Shirley, Triumph -of Peace (Second Antimasque). F. _maquerelle_, ‘a (woman) bawd, the -solicitrix of Lechery’ (Cotgr.). - -=marablane,= an Oriental aromatic. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 -(Spaniard). See =myrobalane.= - -=marasmus,= a wasting away of the body. Milton, P. L. xi. 487. Gk. -μαρασμός. - -=marchesite;= ‘marcasite’; a kind of iron pyrites. B. Jonson, Alchem. -ii. 1 (Surly). Ital. _marchesita_, _marcasita_, ‘a marquesit, or -fire-stone, good to make mill-stones’ (Florio). - -=marcussotte,= to cut the beard in a particular way; ‘And with a sythe -doth marcussotte his bristled berd’, Golding, Metam. xiii. 766; fol. 163 -(1603). F. _Barbe faicte à la marquisotte_, ‘Cut after the Turkish -fashion; all being shaven away but the mustachoes’ (Cotgr.). - -=mare,= the nightmare. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 83. ME. _mare_ or nyȝhte mare, -‘epialtes’ (Prompt.). OE. _mare_, Icel. _mara_. - -=mare:= in phr. _to ride the wild mare_, to play at see-saw. 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 268; _the two-legged mare_, the gallows, Like Will to Like, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 335, 345. - -=mare;= ‘the blues’, melancholy; ‘Away the mare’, Skelton, Elynour -Rummyng, 110; ‘Let pass away the mare’, Calisto and Melibæa, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 57. - -=mare,= a term in wrestling; a particular kind of grip. Drayton, Pol. i. -244. Also called _the flying mare_; see NED. - -=mareyse,= a marsh. Morte Arthur, leaf 113. 5; bk. vi, c. 14; lf. 217. -17; bk. x, c. 1. OF. _mareis_; Med. L. _mariscus_ (Ducange). - -=margaret, margarite,= a pearl. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 76; p. 90, col. -1; A Looking-Glasse, i. 1. 100 (Rasni). F. _Marguerite_, ‘Margaret (a -woman’s name); also a (Margarite) pearl’ (Cotgr.). L _margarita_, Gk. -μαργαρίτης, a pearl. - -=marge,= margin, brink, border. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 6. Drayton, Pol. -ii. 25. F. _marge_. - -=margery-prater,= a hen (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen); -Harman, Caveat, p. 83. _Prater_ = cackler. - -=marginal finger,= an index-hand in the margin of a book (☞); used to -direct attention to a striking passage. Massinger, Fatal Dowry (Romont; -towards the end). - -=mark,= a coin worth 13_s._ 4_d._, or 2/3 of the £ sterling. Measure for -M. iv. 3. 7; King John, ii. 530. - -=mark-white,= white mark, centre. Phr. _at the marke white_, at the -white mark in the centre of a target, Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; cp. _the -white_, Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 186. And see =rove.= - -=marle,= to marvel, wonder. Eastward Ho, iii. 2 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Carlo); a marvel, B. Jonson, Silent -Woman, iii. 1 (Mrs. Otter). A Devon and Somerset pronunc., see EDD. -(s.v. Marl, vb.^{3}). - -=marlian,= a merlin, small hawk. Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 132, l. 1. A -Cornish pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Marlin). - -=marling,= a ‘marline’, a small tarred cord used for binding ropes. -Dryden, Annus Mirab. 148. See Dict. (s.v. Marline). - -=marmaritin,= a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. -_marmaritis_; Gk. μαρμαρῖτις, a plant that grows in marble quarries -(Pliny). - -=marmoll,= an enflamed sore, esp. on the leg. Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1932. See =mortmal.= - -=marrow,= a companion, partner, mate. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57, st. 40; -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 195. In common prov. use in the -north to Cheshire and Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Marrow, sb.^{2} 1). ME. -_marwe_, ‘socius, sodalis, compar’ (Prompt.). - -=marry gip= (an exclamation); ‘Marry gip, thought I, with a wanion!’, -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Waspe); -cp. the oath, _By Mary Gipcy_ (i.e. by S. Mary of Egypt), Skelton, Garl. -of Laurell, 1455. - -=marry gup= (an exclamation); _marie gup!_, Lyly, Midas, v. 2 (Licio) -See NED. (s.v. Marry, int., c). - -=marry muff,= some kind of cheap textile fabric; ‘A sute of Marrymuffe’, -Meeting of Gallants (NED.). Used as a derisive exclamation, Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront). - -=Mars,= an alchemist’s name for iron. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). - -=mart:= phr. _letters of mart_, _letters of marque_, Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, i. 3 (Goswin); Wife for a Month, ii. 1 (Tony). See Dict. (s.v. -Marque). - -=martagan,= martagon, Turk’s-cap lily; _Lilium martagon_. B. Jonson, Sad -Sheph. ii. 2 (Aiken). F. ‘_martagon de Constantinople_, the Byzantine -Lilly’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _martagone_; Turk. _martagān_, a kind of turban, -a martagon-lily. - -=martel,= to hammer. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 42. OF. _marteler_, deriv. -of OF. _martel_, a hammer. - -=martern,= the ‘marten’, an animal of the weasel kind. Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); Harrison, Descript. England, ii. 19 (ed. -Furnivall, 310). See Dict. (s.v. Marten). - -=martialist,= a military man. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 17. - -=Martlemas,= Martinmas. St. Martin’s day, Nov. 11. Meat was often killed -at this time to be salted for use at Christmas, Greene, George-a-Greene -(ll. 439, 1001), ed. Dyce, p. 260, col. 1; p. 266, col. 1; _Martilmas_, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; Tusser, § 12. 3. An E. Anglian form -of Martinmas (EDD.). - -=mary, maree,= marrow. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 66; _maree_, Golding, -tr. of Met. ix. 172. ME. _mary_ (Chaucer, C. T. C. 542); _mary-bones_, -marrow-bones (id., C. T. A. 380). - -=maryhinchco, maryhinchcho,= a disease to which horses are subject; ‘She -has had a string-halt, the maryhinchco’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 -(Knockem). Markham explains it thus: ‘The string-halt, of some called -the mary-hinchcho, is a sodaine twitching up of the horses hinder -legges’ (NED.). - -=mash,= to become enmeshed or entangled. Warner, Albion’s England, vi. -29, st. 27. See NED. (s.v. Mesh, vb.). - -=maship,= a shorter form of _mastership_, as a term of respect. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek). - -=mask,= the ‘mesh’ of a net. Brewer, Lingua, ii. 6 (Mendacio). A -Cheshire pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Maske). ME. _maske_, ‘macula’ -(Prompt.); OE. _max_, cp. Dan. _maske_. See NED. (s.v. Mask, sb.^{1}). - -=masticot, masticote,= ‘massicot’, yellow protoxide of lead, used as a -pigment. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 13; pp. 130, 132. F. _massicot_, -‘oaker [ochre] made of Ceruse, or white lead’ (Cotgr.). - -=mastlin,= mixed corn, esp. a mixture of wheat and rye. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 63. 23; ‘_Metail_, Messling or Masslin, Wheat and Rie -mingled, sowed and used together’, Cotgrave. ME. _mestlyon_ or mongorne, -‘mixtilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 286). ‘Meslin’ is in gen. prov. use in England -and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Maslin, sb.^{1}). - -=mastlin, maslin,= a kind of brass. Brewer, Lingua, iv. 1 (Heuresis). In -prov. use as an attrib.: maslin kettles, pans, pots, spoons, see EDD. -(s.v. Maslin, sb.^{2}). ME. _maslin_, also, _mestling_ (NED.); OE. -_mæs_(_t_)_ling_ (B. T.). - -=masty,= a mastiff. Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 4 (Witgood); used -_fig._ of a cannon (from its noise). Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, iv. 1 -(near the end). In prov. use in the north (EDD.). F. _mastin_, a mastive -(Cotgr.); with change of suffix, cp. _haughty_ (F. _hautain_). - -=matachin,= a kind of sword-dancer in a fantastic costume; ‘They looked -upon one another as if they had been Matachines’, Luna’s Pursuit (NED.); -see Douce, Illustrations of Shakespeare, ii. 435, quotation in Nares. -Also, the dance performed by ‘matachins’, Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 -(Miramont); spelt _mattacina_, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 38). -Span. _matachin_, ‘a sword-dancer; as _dança de matachines_, a dance -with swords, in which they fence and strike at one another, as if they -were in earnest; receiving the blows on their bucklers, and keeping -time’ (Stevens). Of Arab. origin, see Dozy, 309. - -=matador,= the slayer of the bull in a Spanish bull-fight. Dryden, Span. -Friar, i. 2 (Elvira). Also, in the card-games of ombre and quadrille, a -‘killing’ or principal card, Pope, Rape of the Lock, 321, 335; Etherege, -Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Medley). Span. _matador_, a killer; ‘At the game of -Hombre on the cards, there are four _Matadores_; that is, four murdering -cards; so called because they win all others’ (Stevens). - -=matchecold,= machicolated; i.e. furnished with machicolations, which -are openings between the corbels that support a projecting parapet of a -tower; Morte Arthur, leaf 113, back; bk. vii, c. 10 (beginning). F. -_maschecoulis_, ‘the stones over a gate resembling a grate through which -offensive things are thrown upon Pioneers and other assailants’ -(Cotgr.). - -=matchless,= of things that are not a match, or pair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. -1. 28. - -=mathe,= a maggot. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 18. 8, § 45; Caxton, -Reynard, xxviii (ed. Arber, 69). OE. _maða_ (Voc. 205. 8). See -=mad=(=de==.= - -=matted,= dulled, deprived of lustre or gloss; ‘Oile colours matted’, -Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 12a (Appendix D. 116). See NED. (s.v. Mat, vb. -2). - -=maugre,= to act in spite of, to defy. Webster, Appius, ii. 3 (App. -Claudius). F. _maugréer_, ‘to curse, ban, blaspheme, revile extreamly’ -(Cotgr.). See =malgrado.= - -=maukin;= see =malkin.= - -=maule,= a heavy hammer. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. See =mall.= - -=maumet;= see =mammet.= - -=maund,= to beg (Cant). ‘One that maunds Upon the pad’ [highway], B. -Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy Canter); ‘_Maunde_, aske . . . -_hygh pad_, hygh waye’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Maund on your own pads’, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Hence, _maunder_, a beggar, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See EDD. (s.v. Maund, vb.). OF. -_mandier_ (F. _mendier_), to beg (Bartsch), L. _mendicare_. - -=maunder,= to beg. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 1 (De Vitry); hence -_maunderer_: ‘a maunderer upon the pad’, a beggar on the road, Dekker -and Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Teareat). - -=maunder,= to grumble, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 1 (Margarite). In -gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). - -=maundie,= a maundy-dole; hence, almsgiving. Herrick, Noble Numbers (The -Widow’s Teares), st. 3. ME. _maundee_, ‘maundy’, the washing of the -disciples’ feet (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 140, see note, p. 239); OF. -_mandé_,’ lavement des pieds’ (Didot); Eccles. L. _mandatum_, -commandment (Vulgate, John xiii. 34); ‘ablutio pedum’ (Ducange). - -=mauther,= a young girl. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril). Spelt -_moether_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17, st. 13. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). - -=maw,= a game at cards. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 1. 16; Chapman, Mayday, -Act v (Lodovico). See Nares. - -=may,= a maiden. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 39; Greene, Description of -the Shepherd, l. 57; ed. Dyce, p. 305. Of frequent occurrence in -Scottish Ballads, see EDD. (s.v. May, sb.^{2}). ME. _mai_ (Cursor M. -3238); OE. _mǣg_, a kinswoman, a maiden. - -=May-game,= a mirthful spectacle (metaphorically). Ford, Lover’s -Melancholy, i. 2. 10. ‘May games’ were the dancings and merry-makings -round the May-pole, after the gathering of the May. See Stubbes, Anatomy -of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, pp. 149, 305); Herrick’s Hesperides (Corinna’s -going a-Maying), &c. - -=May-lord,= a young man chosen to preside over May-day festivities. -Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Knight of the B. Pestle, -iv. 5. - -=mayneal;= see =menial.= - -=maynure;= see =maner.= - -=mazard, mazzard,= the head. Hamlet, v. 1. 97; Othello, ii. 3. 155. -Spelt _mazer_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 2 (Fustigo). A _fig._ use -of _mazer_, a bowl. See Dict., and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 183. - - =mazard,= to knock on the head, kill; ‘If I had not been a - spirit, I had been mazarded’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin - Goodfellow). - -=meach;= see =mich.= - -=meacock,= an effeminate person, a coward; ‘A meacock wretch’, Tam. -Shrew, ii. 1. 315; spelt _mecocke_, ‘As stout as a stockefish, as meeke -as a mecocke’, Appius and Virginia (NED.). - -=mean,= in music, the tenor or middle part, Two Gent. i. 2. 95. In use -in Warwicksh. as late as 1850, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, sb.^{1} 1). Cp. It. -_mezzano_, ‘a mean or countertenor in musick’, Florio. ME. _mene_, of -songe, ‘Introcentus’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, ‘A _Meyne_, intercentus’ -(Cath. Angl.). - -=mean,= to lament, ‘moan’. Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 331. A north-country -word for uttering a moaning sound, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, vb.^{2} 1). ME. -_mene_, to bemoan (Cursor M. 18255). OE. _mǣnan_, to lament. - -=meane,= mien, look. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 11. Probably an aphetic form -of _demean_, see NED. (s.v. Mien). - -=mease,= a mess, portion of food. Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 2 (570); -p. 124, col. 2; a group of four, ‘A mease of men, _quatuor_’, Levins, -Manip. _Mease_ is a Yorks. form of _mess_, see EDD. (s.v. Mess, -sb.^{1}). ME. _mese_, ‘ferculum’ (Cath. Angl.); _mees_ of mete, -‘ferculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 286). F. _més_, ‘a messe or service of meat’ -(Cotgr.). See =mess.= - -=meath,= ‘mead’; a sweet drink made with honey. Drayton, Pol. iv. 112; -B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.); Milton, P. L. v. 345. ‘Meath’, a -drink made with honey, is in prov. use in Cheshire, Pembroke, Somerset, -and Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Mead, sb.^{2}). - -=meaze,= the ‘form’ of a hare. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). -See =muse.= - -=mechal,= adulterous. Only in Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (O. Ger.); -Rape of Lucrece, iv. 3 (Sextus). Gk. μοιχός, an adulterer. - -=mecocke;= see =meacock.= - -=meddle, medle,= to mingle, mix. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 61; Shep. Kal., -April, 68. OF. _medler_, _mesler_ (F. _mêler_), to mix. - -=meech;= see =mich.= - -†=meered;= ‘He being the meered question’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 10. -Formation and sense doubtful; Schmidt explains: he being the only cause -and subject of the war. - -=meet,= to be even with; ‘I have heard of your tricks . . . I may live -To meet thee’, Fletcher, Hon. Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Montague); id., -Rule a Wife, v. 3 (Leon). Also, _to meet with_; ‘I’ll meet with you anon -for interrupting me so’, Marlowe, Faust, x; ‘I shall find time to meet -with them’, Englishmen for any Money, iii. 2 (Pisaro), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, x. 513. See Nares. - -=meg,= a guinea. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). See -NED. - -=meg-holly, by the,= a mild oath. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. i, p. -40. - -=meint, meynt,= mingled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 81; _ment_, F. Q. v. -5. 12; vi. 6. 25. ‘Ment’ is obsolescent in the north country, see EDD. -(s.v. Ment, pp.). ME. _meynt_, pp. of _mengen_ (Lydgate, Storie of -Thebes, 1260). OE. _mengan_, to mix. See Dict. M. and S. - -=meiny, meinie,= a body of retainers. King Lear, ii. 4. 35; the common -herd, Coriolanus, iii. 1. 65. Of freq. occurrence in north-country -ballad literature for a company of followers, also, a crowd, throng, -multitude, see EDD. (s.v. Menyie). ME. _meynè_, a household, family -(Wyclif, Acts iii. 25). OF. _maisnée_, ‘famille’ (La Curne), see Ducange -(s.v. Maisnada). A deriv. of L. _mansio_ (an abode). See =menial.= - -=mell,= to meddle, to have to do with. All’s Well, iv. 3. 257; Spenser, -F. Q. v. 9. 1; v. 12. 35. In common prov. use in Scotland, also in -Yorks. and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. Mell, vb.^{2} 1. to mingle, 2. to -meddle). ME. _melle_, to mix (Hampole, Ps. ix. 9). OF. _meller_, -_mesler_ (F. _mêler_). - -=mell,= honey. Gascoigne, Works, i. 102; Herrick, Hesperides, Pray and -Prosper, 4. L. _mel_. - -=melocotone,= a peach grafted on a quince. Bacon, Essay 46; melicotton, -B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Winwife). Span. _melocoton_, Med. L. -_melum cotoneum_, Gk. μῆλον Κυδώνιον, ‘Cydonian apple’ (NED.). See -=malakatoon.= - -=melotte,= a garment of skins, worn by monks. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, -866. L. _melota_ (Vulgate); Gk. μηλωτή, a sheepskin; also, a skin of any -animal (Heb. xi. 37). See Prompt. EETS. 191 (and Latin Glossary, p. -819). - -=menial,= a servant of the household; ‘The great Housekeeper of the -World . . . will never leave any of his menials without the bread of -sufficiency’, Bp. Hall, Balm Gilead, xii. § 4; _mayneal_, Morte Arthur, -leaf 215, back, 35; bk. x, c. 11. See =meiny.= - -=ment;= see =meint.= - -=merce,= to ‘amerce’, to fine. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, i -(Sir Wil. Scarborow; l. 12 from end). - -=merchant,= a fellow, a chap. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 57; Romeo, ii. 4. 153; -Latimer, Serm., 115 (Nares). Phr. _to play the merchant with_, to get -the better of, to cheat, Rowley, Woman never Vext, iv. 1. 51. - -=mercify,= to pity. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 32. - -=mercurial finger,= the little finger. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). -In chiromancy the little finger was assigned to Mercury. - -=merds,= fæces, excrement. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). L. _merda_. - -=mere, mear,= a boundary, limit; spelt _meare_. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. -46; Drayton, Pol. xix. 405. Hence, _meer-stone_, Bacon, Essay 56, § 1. -In gen. prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mear). ME. _mere_ (Prompt, EETS. 286). -OE. _ge_)_mǣre_, boundary. - -=mere, mear,= to mark out by means of ‘meres’; ‘The Latine name Which -mear’d her rule with Africa’, Spenser, Ruines Rome, xxii; _to mear on_, -to abut upon, border upon, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 520. - -=mere,= absolute, complete, unqualified, Merry Wives, iv. 5. 64; wholly, -completely, All’s Well, iii. 5. 58; Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 4. 9; -_merely_, absolutely, entirely, Temp. i. 1. 21; Hamlet, i. 2. 137. - -=meridian,= a period of repose at noon; ‘Ye, a meridian to lul him by -daylight’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 30. Monastic L. _meridiana_, -‘somnus meridianus’ (Ducange). Cp. Ital. _meriggiána_, ‘midday; a -pleasant shady place to feed, to rest, or sleep, and recreate in at -noon, or in the heat of the day’ (Florio). - -=mermaid,= a cant term for a courtesan. Massinger, Old Law, iv. 1 -(Agatha). - -=merrygall, merrygald,= a gall or sore produced by chafing; ‘Heales a -merrygald’, Turbervile, Hunting, p. 139; ‘Merry-gals and raw places’, -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxi, c. 18; vol. ii. 101. - -=mesel,= a foul person; used as a term of abuse; spelt _messel_, London -Prodigal, ii. 4. 74; iv. 1. 78. In Devon and Somerset, _meazle_ is used -as a term of abuse, meaning a filthy creature. ME. _mesel_, a leper -(Wyclif, Matt. x. 8). OF. _mesel_ ‘lépreux’ (Didot); O. Prov. _mezel_, -‘lépreux’, _mezelia_, ‘lèpre’ (Levy). - -=mesprise,= contempt, scorn. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 39. F. _mespris_, -‘contempt, neglect’ (Cotgr.), deriv. of _mespriser_, to fail to -appreciate. F. _mépris_. - -=mesprize,= mistake. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 19. Anglo-F. _mesprise_, -error, offence (Gower, Mirour, 1548). F. _méprise_, cp. _mesprendre_, to -mistake (Cotgr.). - -=mess,= a group of four persons or things; ‘Where are your mess of sons -to back you now?’, 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 73; L. L. L. iv. 3. 207; ‘There -lacks a fourth thing to make up the mess’, Latimer, Serm. v; ‘A mess of -most eminent men, Nicolaus Lyra . . . Hieronymus de Sanctâ Fide . . . -Ludovicus Carettus . . . Emmanuel Tremellius’, Fuller, A Pisgah Sight, -Pt. ii, bk. 5; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, 393); Heywood, Witches of Lanc. -i. 1 (Shakstone), in Wks. iv. 173. A ‘mess’ at the Inns of Court still -consists of four. See Trench, Select Glossary. See EDD. (s.v. Mess, -sb.^{1} 4). F. _més_, ‘a messe or service of meat’ (Cotgr ). Med. L. -_missus_ (Ducange). See =mease.= - -=messe:= phr. _by the messe_, by the mass, used in oaths and -asseverations. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2201; ‘By the Mes’, Hen. V, iii. -2. 122; also, _mess_ by itself, ‘Mess! I’d rather kiss these -Gentlewomen’, Congreve, Love for Love, iii. 3 (Ben). This asseveration -is still in prov. use in various forms in the north country: _By th’ -mass_ (Lanc.); _By th’ mess_ (Westm.); _Amess, Mess_ (Cumb.), see EDD. -(s.v. Mass, sb.^{1} 3). F. _messe_, the mass, the Eucharist. - -=messling;= see =mastlin.= - -=met,= measure. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 333. A north-country word for a -measure, gen. a bushel, see EDD. (s.v. Mete). ME. _mette_, ‘mensura’ -(Cath. Angl.). OE. _ge_)_met_, ‘mensura, modius, satum’ (B. T.). - -=mete,= to measure; _met_, pt. t., Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 327; -_mete_, pp. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. ME. _meten_ (Wyclif, -Matt. vii. 2). OE. _metan_. - -=metely,= moderately; ‘Metely good’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, -c. 16. OE. _ge_)_met ice_. - -=metereza,= mistress. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Sinquapace); -_metreza_, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). Neither French nor -Italian, but a mixture of the two (Nares). An alteration of F. -_maîtresse_, with an Italian termination. - -=metoposcopy,= divination by observing the forehead. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1 (Subtle). Gk. μέτωπο-ν, forehead; σκοπεῖν, to observe. - -=meuse;= see =muse.= - -=meve,= to move; ‘I meve or styrre from a place, _je meuve_’, Palsgrave; -Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; _meeve_, Damon and Pithias -(Nares); _mieve_, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 26. ‘Meve’ is an E. Anglian -form (EDD.). ME. _mevyn_, ‘amoveo’ (Prompt.). OF. _moev-_ (_meuv-_), -stressed stem of _movoir_, to move. - -=mew,= to moult. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, ii. 2 (Martell); Wildgoose -Chase, i. 1 (La Castre). F. _muer_; L. _mutare_, to change. - -=mew,= a coop for hawks; ‘Mewe for haukes, _meue_’, Palsgrave; a place -of confinement, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 20; ii. 5. 27 and 7. 19. F. _mue_, -a hawk’s mue or coop; _mue_, a change, the mewing of a hawk (Cotgr.), -fr. _muer_, ‘to change, to mew’ (ib.); L. _mutare_. Our word ‘mews’, for -a range of stabling, is derived from the _Mews_ by Charing Cross, the -name of the place for the King’s horses, orig. the place for the king’s -falcons and the royal falconer. See Stow’s Survey of London (ed. Thoms, -167). - -=mew:= in phr. _knights of the mew_, knights of the cat-call; the least -select among an audience at a theatre. Marston, What you Will, Induction -(Doricus). - -=mich,= to skulk, to lurk stealthily. Heywood, A Woman Killed (ed. 1874, -ii. 113), spelt _meach_, Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 2. -11; hence _micher_, a truant, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 450; a skulker, Beaumont -and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. Loveless); spelt _meecher_, Bonduca, -i. 2 (Petillius). ‘Mitch’ and ‘meech’ are in common prov. use (EDD.). -ME. _mychyn_, or stelyn prively smale thyngys, ‘surripio, furtulo’ -(Prompt. EETS. 301). Of Ger. origin, see Schade, Altdeutsches Wörterbuch -(s.v. mûhhan). See NED. (s.v. Miche). - -†=miching malicho= (meaning quite uncertain), Hamlet, iii. 2. 148. -Textual variants are: _myching Mallico_, _munching Mallico_, _miching -mallecho_. - -=migniard,= tender, delicate. B. Jonson. Devil an Ass, i. 2 (Fitz.). F. -_mignard_, ‘migniard, pretty, quaint; dainty, delicate’ (Cotgr.). - -=migniardise,= delicate attention. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 -(Picklock). F. _mignardise_, ‘quaintnesse . . . smooth or fair speech, -kind usage’ (Cotgr.). - -=mill,= to steal or rob (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -see Harman, Caveat, p. 67. - -=mime,= a mimic, jester, pantomimist. B. Jonson, Epigrams, bk. i, cxxix; -Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Gk. μῖμος. - -=mince,= to walk affectedly or primly. Merry Wives, v. 1. 9; _mincing_, -BIBLE, Isa. iii. 16; _minsen_, pres. pl., Drayton, Pastorals, vii. 14. -Also, to perform mincingly, to parade, King Lear, iv. 6. 122. F. -_mincer_, to mince, to cut into small pieces (Cotgr.). - -=minchen,= a nun. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 18, § 3. -‘_Mincheon lane_, so called of . . . the _Minchuns_, or nuns of St. -Helen’s’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms, p. 50). OE. _mynecenu_, f. -of _munuc_, a monk. - -=mind,= to mean, intend. Mids. Night’s D. v. 113; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 8, -64, 106, 140; Evelyn, Diary (May 21, 1645). In common prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Mind, vb. 7). - -=ming,= to mingle, mix. Surrey, Description of Spring, 11; in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.^{2}). ME. _mynge_, -to mix (Wyclif, Rev. xviii. 6); OE. _mengan_. - -=minge,= to mention. Hall. Satires, IV. ii. 80 (Davies). In prov. use, -see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.^{1}). ME. _mynge_ (Pearl, 855); OE. -_myn_(_e_)_gian_. - -=minikin,= a playful or endearing term for a female. Glapthorne, -Hollander, ii (NED.). A Shropshire word for a delicate affected girl, -see EDD. (sv. Minikin, 3). Du. _minneken_ (Hexham). - -=minikin,= small, delicate; ‘One blast of thy minikin mouth’, King Lear, -iii. 6. 45. Cp. the Somerset phr. ‘Her was a poor little minnikin thing’ -(EDD.). - -=minikin string,= the thin string of gut used for the treble of the lute -or viol, Ascham, Tox. 28. Hence, phr. _to tickle the minikin_, to play -on the treble string, Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Gerardine); a -_minikin-tickler_, a fiddler, Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Albano). - -=minim,= a note, a part of a song or lay. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 28. - -=miniments,= ‘muniments’, valuable belongings. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 6. - -=minion,= a darling, a favourite, esp. in a contemptuous sense, a -mistress, a paramour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; ‘A minion wyfe’, a neat, -pretty wife, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 86); the name of a small kind -of ordnance, Whitelocke, Memorials (ed. 1853, i. 273); Marlowe, 2 -Tamburlaine, iii. 3. 6. F. _mignon_, ‘a minion, favourite, wanton, -darling; also, minion, dainty, neat’ (Cotgr.). - -=minth,= the plant called mint. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Flora). Gk. -μίνθα. - -=mint-man,= one skilled in coinage. Bacon, Essay 20, § 7. - -=minx,= a pert girl, hussy. Congreve, Love for L., ii. 1; a wanton -woman, Dryden, Limberham, i. 1; ‘_Magalda_, a trull or minxe’, Florio; -_Mistress Minx_, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 (Faustus). - -=minx,= a pet dog. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. - -=mirador,= gallery to gaze from, balcony. Dryden, Conquest of Granada, -I. i. 1 (Abdelmelech). Span. _mirador_, a balcony (Stevens). See -Stanford. - -=mischief,= misfortune, disaster. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 76; Much Ado, i. -3. 13. - -=misconster,= to misconstrue. Shirley, Love in a Maze, ii. 1. 8. See -=conster.= - -=miscreaunce,= misbelief, false belief. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 51; Shep. -Kal., May, 91. F. _mescreance_ (Cotgr.). - -=misdeem,= to judge amiss of, to think evil of. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 49; -iii. 10. 29; Milton, P. R. i. 424; to judge amiss, id., P. L. ix. 301. - -=misken,= a ‘mixen’, a manure-heap. Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 1 -(Toby). A west-midland pronunc. of _mixen_ (EDD.). - -=miskin,= a little bagpipe. Drayton, Pastorals, ii. 5. A dimin. (through -Dutch?) of OF. _muse_, a bagpipe, cp. F. _musette_, a little bagpipe -(Cotgr.). - -=misprise,= to mistake; ‘Misprise me not’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, -iii. 3 (Maximilian). See =mesprize.= - -=mister:= in phr. _what mister wight_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 23; iii. 7. -14, i.e. a man of what ‘mister’ (occupation), or, a man of what class, -what kind of a man. The idiom occurs as an archaism in Spenser, borrowed -from Chaucer, ‘But telleth me what mister men ye been’ (C. T. A. 1710). -So we find, _what mister thing_, what kind of thing, Beaumont and Fl., -Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 19; _such myster saying_, such a kind of -saying, Shep. Kal., Sept., 103. _Mister_ (or _mester_) is very common in -ME. in the sense of office, employment, business. OF. _mestier_ (F. -_métier_); Med. L. _misterium_, for _ministerium_ (Ducange). - -=mister,= to be necessary or needful; ‘As for my name, it mistreth not -to tell’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 51. From _mister_, need, necessity, -want; cp. Scottish proverb, ‘Mister maks man o’ craft’, Ray’s Proverbs -(ed. Bohn, 250); Ferguson, Proverbs (ed. 1641, p. 24). See EDD. (s.v. -Mister, vb. 1 and 3). ME. _mistere_, need (Cursor M. 3247); OF. (Norman) -_mestier_, ‘besoin, nécessité’ (Moisy). The same word as =mister,= -above. - -=mistery,= occupation, profession. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 221. ME. -_misterye_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 890); Med. L. _misterium_, ‘officium’ -(Ducange). See =mister.= - -=mistress,= the small bowl, or jack, in the game of bowls. Middleton, No -Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 3 (Mis. Low.); cp. ‘His bias was towards my -mistress’, Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Brains); cp. A Woman never -vext, iv. 1 (Lambskin). - -=misured,= ill-omened, fatal; ‘O foule mysuryd ground, Whereon he gat -his finall dedely wounde’, Skelton, Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, -118. Cp. OF. _meseur_, ‘malheur’ (Godefroy); _meseurus_, ‘malheureux’ -(Chron. des ducs de Normandie, in Didot). See =eure.= - -=mite,= a small coin of very small value; used in negative phrases for a -thing of little worth; ‘The price falleth not one mite’, More’s Utopia -(ed. Arber, 42). Hence _miting_: ‘Nat worthe a mytyng’, not worth a -mite, Skelton, Poems against Garnesche, iii. 115. ME. _myte_: ‘Noght -worth a myte’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1558). See Dict. - -=mithridate,= a compound regarded as an antidote against all poisons. -Fletcher, Valentinian, v. 2 (Val.); Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 4 -(Adorni). Named from Mithridates, king of Pontus, who was said to have -been proof against poison owing to his constant use of antidotes. See -Stanford. - -=miting,= a diminutive creature; freq. used as a term of endearment or -contempt, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 224. ME. _mytyng_ (Towneley Myst. xii. -477). - -=mixt,= to mix; ‘_I myxte_, or myngell’, Palsgrave; pres. pt., -_mixting_, Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 13, § 4. Hence _mixt_, a -mixture; ‘A mixt of both’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 9 (ed. -Arber, 97). From the L. pp. _mixtus_. - -=mo, moe,= orig. used as adv.; ‘Gent’lest fair, mourne, mourne no moe’ -(mourn no more), Fletcher, Q. Corinth, iii. 2 (Song); _the moe_, the -majority, the greater part, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 15 (ed. Arber, -48); _mo_, more in number, ‘mo tymes’, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 7); -‘Infinite moe . . . He there beheld’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 63. ME. -_mo_, adj., more in number, adv., any longer (Chaucer); OE. _mā_; Goth. -_mais_, more (adv.). See Wright’s OE. Gram. § 252. - -=mobble, moble,= to muffle up one’s head or face; also, with _up_; -‘_Mobled_ queen’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 524; _mobble up_, Shirley, Gent. of -Venice, v. 3 (Florelli). A Warw. and Shropsh. word, see EDD. (s.v. -Moble). - -=mobile,= mob; ‘The mobile’, Dryden, Pref. to Don Sebastian, § 2; id., -i. 1 (near the end); iv. 2 (end). Common from ab. 1676 to 1700; -shortened to _mobb_, _c._ 1688. It represents the L. _mobile vulgus_, -the inconstant crowd. See Dict. (s.v. Mob), and Stanford. - -=mockado,= a kind of cloth much used for clothing; ‘Who would not thinke -it a ridiculous thing to see a Lady in her milke-house with a velvet -gowne, and at a bridall in her cassock of mockado’, Puttenham, Eng. -Poesie (ed. Arber, 290); Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 (Guzman); Lodge, -Wit’s Miserie, 14. A quasi-Spanish form from F. _moucade_, ‘the stuffe -moccadoe’ (Cotgr.). Of Arab. origin, see NED. (s.v. Mohair), and Thomas, -_Essais_ (s.v. Camoiard). - -=moder, modere,= to moderate, restrain. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 6, -back, 18; Sir T. More, Works, p. 882, col. 2. OF. _moderer_. - -=modern,= ordinary, commonplace, common; in a depreciatory sense. As You -Like It, ii. 7. 156; Macbeth, iv. 3. 170. The only Shakespearian sense; -peculiarly Elizabethan. - -=moe;= see =mo.= - -=moil, moyle,= a ‘mule’. Ford, Fancies, ii. 2; More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, -51); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Welford). Common in Devon -and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Moyle). - -=moil, moyle,= a kind of slipper or shoe; ‘Moyles of velvet to save thy -shooes of lether’, J. Heywood, Prov. and Epigr. (ed. 1867, 214); -‘_Moiles_, a kind of high-soled shoes, worn in ancient times by Kings -and great Persons’, Phillips; spelt _mule_, ‘He had ane pair of mules on -his feit’, Spalding, Troubles of Charles I (NED.). F. _mules_, ‘moyles, -pantofles, high slippers’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Du. _muylen_, pantoffles -(Hexham). Med. L. _mula_, ‘crepida’ (Ducange). - -=moil, moyle,= to wet; to soil, make dirty. Turbervile, Hunting, 33; to -defile, Spenser, Hymn Heavenly Love, 220; to toil, work hard, drudge, -Bacon, Essay, Plantations; to weary, fatigue, harass, Stanyhurst, tr. -Aeneid, i (ed. Arber, 27). In common prov. use in many senses, to -plaster with mud, to soil, defile, to work hard, to worry, see EDD. -(s.v. Moil, vb.). F. _mouiller_ (Cotgr.). - -=mold,= a ‘mole’, spot, blemish. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See =mould.= - -=mollipuff;= see =mullipuff.= - -=mome,= a blockhead. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 32; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49; -Levins, Manipulus; Drayton, Skeltoniad, p. 1373; Mirror for Mag. 466; -Dekker, Gull’s Horne-bk. 5; Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 2. 5. Dialect -of Geneva _mome_, ‘sot, nigaud’; cp. F. (argot) _mome_, ‘garçon’ -(Sainéan, p. 206). - -†=Momtanish= (?); ‘And this your momtanish inhumanytye’, Sir T. More, -ii. 4. 162. Dr. H. Bradley conjectures _Moritanish_ (i.e. Moorish). - -=moniment,= memorial, anything by which a thing may be remembered. -Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 38; ii. 10. 56; used of dints on a shield, F. Q. -ii. 12. 80; of an inscription stamped on coin, F. Q. ii. 7. 5. L. -_monimentum_, deriv. of _monere_, to remind. - -=Monmouth cap,= a flat round cap formerly worn by soldiers and sailors, -Hen. V, iv. 7. 104; Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (_or_ 2) (Touchstone). Also, -_monmouth_, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song). - -=monomachy,= single combat. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Enceladus); -vol. iii, p. 50. Gk. μονομαχία; deriv. of μονομάχος, fighting alone. - -=monster,= a prodigy, wonder, divine omen. Phaer, Aeneid ii, 680 (L. -_mirabile monstrum_); id., iii. 26. - -=montant= (a fencing term), an upright blow or thrust. Merry Wives, ii. -3. 27; _montanto_, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil). F. -_montant_ (Cotgr.). - -=month:= phr. _to have a month’s mind_, to have an inclination, a fancy, -a liking. Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 464); ‘_Tu es bien engrand de trotter_, -Thou hast a moneths mind to be gone’, Cotgrave; Pepys, Diary, May 20, -1660. In prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Month, -sb.^{1} 3 (b)). - -=monthly,= madly; after the manner of a lunatic. Only in Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 2 (Moll). - -=moodeles, modeless,= unmeasured, vast, huge; Mirror for Mag., Morindus, -st. 17. Frequent in Greene (NED.). From _mode_, measure, size, manner, -&c. - -=moon,= a fit of frenzy; ‘I know ’twas but some peevish Moone in him’, -C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii (Duke). - -=mooncalf,= a false conception, imperfect foetus; hence, monstrosity. -Tempest, ii. 2. 111; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); Drayton, -The Mooncalf. Cp. G. _mondkalb_, ‘ungestalte Missgeburt’ (Weigand). - -=moonling,= a mooncalf, silly fellow. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 -(Wit.). - -=mooting-night,= a night at the Inns of Court, when imaginary cases at -law are discussed by the students. Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 5 -(Song, verse 2). See Dict. (s.v. Moot). - -=mooting-time,= the moulting season. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 120. In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Mout). ME. _mowtyn_, as fowlys, ‘deplumeo’ -(Prompt.); cp. Du. _muyten_, ‘to mue as hawkes doe’ (Hexham); Low G. -_muten_ (G. _mausen_), to moult (Berghaus); L. _mutare_. - -=mop,= a grimace, Temp. iv. 1. 47; to make grimaces, King Lear, iv. 1. -64; ‘To moppe, maw, _movere labia_’, Levins, Manip. - -=moppe= (see quot.); ‘I called her (the young lady) Moppe . . . -Understanding by this word, a litle prety Lady, or tender young thing. -For so we call litle fishes that be not come to full growth, as whiting -moppes, gurnard moppes’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, 229). Cp. -ME. _moppe_, ‘pupa’ (Prompt. EETS. 292). - -=moppet,= a term of endearment applied to a child or a young girl, -Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2 (end); The Spectator, no. 277. See above. - -=more,= the root of a tree or plant; a plant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 10. -A west-country word from Worc. to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. More). ME. -_more_, root (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 25). OE. _more_, _moru_, an edible -root, a carrot, parsnip (B. T.), cp. G. _möhre_, a carrot. - -=morelle,= a dark-coloured horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 11; i. -24, l. 17. ME. _morel_, hors (Prompt. EETS. 293). Norm. F. _morel_, -_cheval morel_, ‘cheval noir’ (Moisy). F. _morel_, _moreau_, _cheval -moreau,_ a black horse (Cotgr.). - -=morfound,= a disease in horses, sheep, &c., due to taking a chill. -Spelt _morfounde_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. Palsgrave has: ‘I -morfonde, as a horse dothe that waxeth styffe by taking of a sodayne -colde.’ F. _se morfondre_, to take cold (Cotgr.). - -=Morglay,= the name of the sword belonging to Sir Bevis, Drayton, -Polyolbion, ii. 332; used allusively for a sword, Beaumont and Fl., -Honest Man’s Fortune, i. 1 (Longueville); Stanyhurst, Aeneid, ii (Arber, -60); Cleaveland’s Poems (Nares). We may perhaps compare _claymore_ -(_glaymore_), see NED. - -=Morian,= of the Moorish race, pertaining to the Moors; a Moor; _the -Moryans land_, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. lxviii. 31 (rendering of -‘Aethiopia’ in Vulgate); _the Morians londe_, Coverdale (1535), ib.; cp. -Luther’s rendering, _Mohrenland_, land of the Moors. See Bible -Word-Book. OF. _Morien_ (NED.). See =Murrian.= - -=morigeration,= deference, obsequiousness. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, i. -3. 10; Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. V, p. 29. L. _morigeratio_, -compliance. - -=morisco,= a morris-dance. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, v. 2. 7. Also, a -morris-dancer, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 365. Properly, a Moorish dance; see -Stanford. Span. _morisco_, a man descended from Moors or converted from -them (Stevens). See =morris-pike.= - -=mornifle;= ‘Mornyfle, a maner of play, _mornifle_’, Palsgrave. F. -_mornifle_, a trick at cards (Cotgr.); ‘réunion de quatre cartes -semblables’ (Hatzfeld). _Mornifle_ also meant a cuff, a blow: ‘_donner -mornifle_, c’est-à-dire un soufflet’ (Oudin, 1640); see Sainéan, L’Argot -ancien, p. 206. See =mournival.= - -=morphew,= a disease of the skin; ‘_Morféa_, the morphew in some womens -faces’, Florio; ‘Morfewe, a sickenesse’, Palsgrave. Hence, _morphewed_, -afflicted with the disease, Webster, Duchess of Malfi, ii. 1 (Bosola). -ME. _morfu_, ‘morphea’ (Prompt.). Med. L. _morfea_, ‘cutis foedacio -maculosa’ (Sin. Bart.). - -=morpion,= a kind of louse. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. _morpion_, a -crab-louse (Cotgr.); cp. Rabelais, II. xxvii; deriv. of _mordre_ + -_pion_, ‘ce pou ayant infesté surtout les anciens corps d’infanterie’ -(Hatzfeld). - -=morris-pike,= a form of pike supposed to be of Moorish origin, Com. -Errors, iv. 3. 28; _morispike_, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 67). See -=morisco.= - -=mort= (a hunting term). The note sounded on a horn at the death of the -deer, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 118; ‘He that bloweth the Mort before the -fall of the Buck’, Greene, Card of Fancie (Nares). - -=mort= (Cant), a girl or woman. B. Jonson, Gypsies Met. 65; a female -vagabond, harlot, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Later, -written _mott_ (_mot_), London slang for a woman of the town, see NED. - -=mortar:= in phr. _to fly to Rome with a mortar on one’s head_, app. a -legendary achievement of some wizard; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 -(Soto); Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 2 (Clown); Kemp, Nine Daies -Wonder, Ep. Ded. (NED.). F. _mortier_, ‘a morter to bray things in’ -(Cotgr.). - -=mortmal, mormal,= an inflamed sore, esp. on the leg; ‘The old mortmal -on his shin’, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Maudlin); ‘Mormall, a -sore, _loup_’, Palsgrave. ME. _mormale_, ‘malum mortuum’ (Prompt.). OF. -_mortmal_; cp. Med. L. _malum mortuum_, ‘morbi genus pedum et tibiarum’ -(Ducange). See =marmoll.= - -=mort-pays,= the taking of the King’s pay by a captain in service for -men who were dead or discharged; ‘The severe punishing of mort-pays’, -Bacon, Hist. Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 93). See =dead pay.= - -=most an end,= generally, usually; continually. Massinger, A Very Woman, -iii. 1 (Merchant). _Honest_ (addressing _Greatheart_): ‘Knew him! I was -a great companion of his; I was with him most an end’; Bunyan, Pilgrim’s -Progress, Pt. II. In common prov. use from Yorks. to E. Anglia, see EDD. -(s.v. Most, 7, 2a). - -=mot, motte,= a word, saying, motto, proverb. Rape of Lucrece, 830; ‘To -gull him with a motte’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2 (E. Knowell). -F. _mot_, a word. - -=mote,= a note of a horn or bugle. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 20 (bk. vii, -ch. 8); ‘Mote, blaste of a horne’, Palsgrave; _mot_, Chevy Chace, 16; -_mott_, Turbervile, Hunting, 86. ME. _moote_ of an horne, blowyng -(Prompt. EETS. 294, see note, no. 1431). F. _mot_, ‘the note winded by -an huntsman on his horn’ (Cotgr.). - -=mote,= a pleading in a law-court. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. -14, § 7. OE. _mōtian_, to address a meeting, to discuss, ‘moot a -question’ (B. T.). See Dict. (s.v. Moot). - -=mote,= may, must; ‘I mote dye’, Morte Arthur, leaf 34. 9; bk. i, c. 20; -‘Now _mote_ ye understand’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 46. ME. _mot_, _moot_, -pres. (I or he) may, must; _moten_, _mote_, pl.; _moste_, pt. t. OE. -_mōt_, (I, he) may; _mōst_, 2 sing.; _mōton_, pl.; _mōste_, pt. t. - -=mother,= a young girl. Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, iii. 2 (Franio). See -=mauther.= - -=mother, the,= hysteria. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront); -King Lear, ii. 4. 56. - -=mothering,= the custom of visiting one’s mother, and giving and -receiving of presents of food, &c., on Mid-Lent Sunday; ‘Thou go’st -a-mothering’, Herrick, To Dianeme, A Ceremonie in Gloucester. See EDD. -(s.v. Mothering) for accounts of the customs connected with ‘Mothering -Sunday’ (Mid-Lent Sunday) in various parts of England from Yorks. to -Devon. - -=moting,= mooting; i.e. discussion, debate. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1075. -ME. _motyng_, or pletynge, ‘placitatio’ (Prompt. EETS. 294). See =mote= -(a pleading). - -=motion,= a puppet-show. Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 103; a puppet, Two Gent. -ii. 1. 100; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, v. 3. 3. - -=mott,= measured; pt. t. of =mete= (q.v.). Spenser, Colin Clout, 365. -See NED. (s.v. Mete, vb.^{1}). - -=motte;= see =mot.= - -=mouch,= to act by stealth; to idle and loaf about, Webster, Sir T. -Wyatt (Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. See _Mooch_ in NED. and EDD. The word -is in gen. prov. use in the British Isles and in Australia. - -=mouchatoes,= moustaches. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Juliffe). See =mutchado.= - -=mought,= a moth; ‘Mought that eates clothes, _ver de drap_’, Palsgrave. -Hence _moughte-eaten_, ‘Olde and moughte-eaten lawes’, More’s Utopia -(ed. Lumby, 53). ME. _mouȝte_ (Wyclif, Matt. vi. 19); _moghte_, ‘tinea’ -(Cath. Angl.); OE. _mohða_. - -=mought,= _pt. t._ might. Bacon, Essays (very common, see Abbott’s ed., -Index); Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 42. ME. _maht_, 2 pr. s.; _mahte_, pt. t. -of _mæi_, (I, he) may; OE. _meaht_, 2 pr. s.; _meahte_, pt. t. of _mæg_, -(I, he) may, can. - -=mould,= a ‘_mole_’, a spot on the skin, birthmark. Gascoigne, Supposes, -v. 5 (Cleander); _mold_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See Dict. (s.v. -Mould, 3). - -=mouldwarp,= the mole, ‘talpa’; _moldwarp_, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 148; -Spenser, Colin Clout, 763. In gen. prov. use in the north country, -Midlands, and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Mouldywarp). ME. _moldewarpe_, -‘talpa’ (Cath. Angl.); cp. Dan. _muldvarp_, Norw. dial. _moldvarp_ -(Aasen), G. _maulwurf_. - -=mount cent, mount saint,= a game at cards resembling piquet; probably -the same as =cent= (q.v.), Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Queen). Prob. from -_mount_, i.e. amount, and _cent_, one hundred. See NED. - -=mountenance,= amount of space, distance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 18; -iii. 11. 20; v. 6. 36. ME. _mowntenawnce_ (Prompt.); _montenance_, -amount (Cursor M. 29166). - -=mournival,= a set of four aces, kings, queens, or knaves in one hand. -Cotton Gamester, 68; hence, a set of four (things or persons), B. -Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth); _murnival_, Greene’s Tu Quoque, -in Ancient Eng. Drama, ii. 551. See =mornifle.= - -=mouse,= a term of endearment. Hamlet, iii. 4. 183; Middleton, Roaring -Girl, ii. 1 (Openwork). - -=mouse-hunt,= a woman hunter. Romeo iv. 4. 11. This is prob. a _fig._ -use of _mouse-hunt_, a weasel, ‘The Ferrets and Moushunts of an Index’, -Milton (Wks., ed. 1851, iii. 81); spelt _musehont_, Caxton, Reynard (ed. -Arber, 79). ‘Mouse-hunt’ (‘Mouse-hound’) is in prov. use in E. Anglia -for the smallest animal of the weasel tribe. See EDD. (s.v. Mouse, 1, -(7) and (8)). M. Du. _muyshont_, or _muushont_, a weasel, lit. ‘a -mouse-hound’. - -=mowe,= to be able; ‘They shalle not mowe helpe, they shall not be able -to help’, Morte Arthur, leaf 61, back, 26; bk. iv, c. 3. ME. -_mow_(_e_)_n_, ‘posse’ (Prompt. EETS. 302); see Chaucer (Tr. and Cr. ii. -1594). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Mæi). - -=mowe,= to make grimaces; ‘I mow with the mouth, I mock one, _Je fays la -moue_’, Palsgrave; ‘Apes that moe and chatter’, Tempest, ii. 2. 9; -_mowing_, making grimaces, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54). - -=mowes,= grimaces, ‘Making mowes at me’, BIBLE (1539), Ps. xxxv. 15; -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49; Cymbeline, i. 6. 41. ME. _mow_, or scorne, -‘valgia’ (Prompt. EETS. 294). F. _moue_, a moe, ‘an ill-favoured -extension or thrusting out of the lips’ (Cotgr.). - -=mowles,= broken chilblains in the heels. Dunbar, Poems (ed. Small, ii. -128). See EDD. (s.v. Mool), and Jamieson (s.v. Mules). ME. _mowle_, -‘pernio’ (Cath. Angl.); _mowle_, sore, ‘pustula, pernio’ (Prompt. EETS. -295, see note, no. 1439). F. _mule_, ‘a kibe; _aller sur mule_: Il va -sur mule aussi bien que le Pape (an equivocation, applicable to one that -hath kibed heels)’; see Cotgrave. Cp. Du. _muyle_, a kibe (Hexham). - -=moy,= an imaginary name of coin, evolved by Pistol out of his -prisoner’s speech; ‘Ayez pitié de _moi_! Moy shall not serve; I will -have forty moys’, &c., Hen. V, iv. 4. 14. - -=moyle,= a variety of apple; ‘Of Moyle, or Mum, or Treacle’s viscous -juice’, J. Philips, Cider, bk. i. (Perhaps the word means a hybrid; cp. -_moyle_, a mule.) See =genet-moyl.= - -=moyle;= see =moil.= - -=muccinigo,= a small coin formerly current in Venice, worth about 9_d._ -B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1; iv. 1; Shirley, Gent. Venice, i. 1 (Cornari). -Ital. ‘_mocenigo_, a coyn in Venice; also the name of a considerable -family there’ (Florio). The coin was named from Tommaso Mocenigo, doge -of Venice, 1413-23. See NED. (s.v. Moccenigo). - -=much!,= a contemptuous exclamation of denial. _Much_ = _much of that!_, -ironically; i.e. far from it, by no means. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 143; -Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Celso), _Much wench!_ i.e. no wench at all, -B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brain-worm). - -=muck;= in Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1188. _To run amuck_, to run -about in a frenzy, is a phrase due to the Malay _āmuq_, ‘rushing in a -state of frenzy to the commission of indiscriminate murder’ (Marsden). -Dryden took the _a_ in _amuck_ to be the E. indef. article; and -reproduced the phrase in the curious form—_runs an Indian muck_. See -Stanford (s.v. Amuck). - -=muckinder,= a handkerchief. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Turfe); -Fletcher, Captain, iii. 5 (Fabricio); ‘Mockendar for chyldre, -_mouchouer_’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in many parts of England from the -north country to Kent and Dorset in various forms; _muckinder_, -_muckender_, _muckinger_, _muckenger_ (EDD.). ME. _mokedore_, ‘sudarium’ -(Voc. 614. 25), O. Prov. _mocadour_ (mod. _moucadour_), a handkerchief, -Span. _mocador_, F. _mouchoir_; deriv. of _moucher_, ‘débarrasser des -mucosités que sécrète la muqueuse nasale’ (Hatzfeld). - -=muffler,= (1) a wrapper worn by women and covering the face; (2) a -cloth for blindfolding a person. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73; Fletcher, -Night-walker, ii. 2 (near the end); 2 Hen. V, iii. 6. 32. - -=mugwet,= the intestines of an animal; ‘The gatherbagge or Mugwet of a -yong harte’, Turbervile, Hunting, 39. ‘Mugget’ is in prov. use in -Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall for sheep or calf’s intestines; see EDD. -See NED. (s.v. Mugget). - -=mule:= phr. _to ride upon a mule_, to be a great lawyer. B. Jonson, Ev. -Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Carlo); _to shoe one’s mule_, to help oneself -out of the funds trusted to one’s management, History of Francion -(Nares). - -=mule;= see =moil= (a slipper). - -=mullar,= a ‘muller’, a stone with a flat base, held in the hand and -used, in conjunction with a grinding-stone or slab, in grinding -painters’ colours. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, p. 136. F. _moulleur_, a -grinder (Cotgr.); deriv. of OF. _moldre_, L. _molere_, to grind. - -=mullet,= the rowel of a spur; a mullet, in heraldry. Shirley, Love in a -Maze, i. 1 (Simple). F. _molette d’esperon_, the rowel of a spur -(Cotgr.). - -=mullets,= pincers or tweezers. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). F. _mollette_, ‘a mullet, a nipper, a pincer’ (Cotgr.). - -=mullipuff, mollipuff,= the puff-ball, or fuzz-ball. Shirley, St. -Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See NED. (s.v. Mullipuff), and EDD. (s.v. -Mully-puff). ‘Mully’ in Norfolk is used for mouldy, powdery, see EDD. -(s.v. Mull, sb.^{1} 1). Norw. dial. _moll_, mould (Aasen), Swed. _mull_ -(Widegren). - -=mullwine,= mulled wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3. 9. See Dict. (s.v. -Mulled). - -=mumbudget,= a word used to insist upon silence; ‘I cry . . . _mum_; she -cries _budget_’, Merry Wives, v. 2. 6; ‘Quoth she, _Mum budget_’, -Butler, Hud. i. 3. 208; ‘_Mumbudget_, not a word!’, Look about You, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 420. - -=mumchance,= the name of a game, both at dice and at cards. Westward Ho, -ii. 2 (with allusion to _bones_, i.e. dice); B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 2 -(Subtle); Barth. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). Played in silence; whence the -name. - -=mumchance,= one who has nothing to say, a ‘dummy’. Plautus made English -(Nares). In prov. use in many parts of England, esp. in the west -country, for a stupid, silent, stolid person. - -=mummia, mummy,= a preparation used in medicine, chiefly from the -substance with which Egyptian mummies were preserved. Webster, White -Devil (beginning, Gasparo), ed. Dyce, p. 5; id. (Isabella), p. 15; -Beaumont and Fl., iii. 1 (Galoshio). See Dict. (s.v. Mummy), and -Stanford (s.v. Mummia). - -=mump,= to overreach, to cheat; ‘Mump your proud players’, Buckingham, -The Rehearsal, ii. 2 (Bayes); ‘Mump’d of his snip’ (i.e. cheated of his -portion), Wycherley, Love in a Wood, i. 2 (Ranger); Gent. -Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Mrs. Caution). In prov. use in the west country, -see EDD. (s.v. Mump, vb.^{1} 10). Du. _mompen_, ‘to mump, cheat’ -(Sewel). - -=mump,= to make grimaces, to screw up the mouth. Otway, Venice -Preserved, ii. 1 (Pierre); D’Urfey, Pills, vi. 198; a grimace, ‘_Monnoye -de singe_, moes, mumps’, Cotgrave. ‘To mump’ is used in Northamptonsh. -in the sense of drawing in the lips, screwing up the mouth with a smile: -‘She mumps up her mouth, she knows something’, see EDD. (s.v. Mump, -vb.^{1} 4). - -=mumpsimus.= [In allusion to the story of an illiterate English priest, -who when corrected for reading ‘quod in ore _mumpsimus_’ in the Mass, -replied ‘I will not change my old _mumpsimus_ for your new _sumpsimus_’ -(NED.).] One who obstinately adheres to old ways in spite of the -clearest evidence that they are wrong, an old fogey, Underhill in Narr. -Reform. (Camden Soc., 141); Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 3 (Dulipo). See -Nares. - -=mundungo,= bad-smelling tobacco; ‘A mundungo monopolist’, Lady Alimony, -ii. 2 (1 Boy); _snuff-mundungus_, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1006. A jocular -use of Span. _mondongo_, ‘hogs puddings’ (Stevens). - -=munify,= to fortify. Drayton, Barons’ Wars, ii. 34; hence, -_munificence_, defence, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 15 (ed. 1596). - -=munite,= to fortify. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. i, c. 47; Bacon, Essay -3 (ed. Abbott, p. 10). - -=munpins,= mouth-pegs, the teeth; a ludicrous form. _Munpynnys_, -Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 292. ‘Mun’ for mouth is in prov. use -in the north, and in slang use generally, see EDD. (s.v. Mun, sb.^{1} -1). Norw. dial. _munn_, the mouth (Aasen). - -=muraill,= a wall; walls of a city. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 201, back, -14. F. _muraille_. - -=murderer, murdering-piece,= a cannon or mortar, discharging stones or -grape-shot. Hamlet, iv. 5. 95; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Jaques); -Double Marriage, iv. 2. 6. - -=mure,= a wall. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; Heywood, If you know not Me -(Queen), vol. i, p. 338; to shut up, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; _mured up_, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34. L. _murus_, a wall. - -=murleon,= a merlin, a small hawk; ‘A cast [couple] of murleons’, Damon -and Pithias, Ancient Brit. Drama, i. 88, col. 2. ME. _merlioun_, Chaucer -(Parl. Foules, 339). F. _esmerillon_ (Cotgr.). - -=murnival;= see =mournival.= - -=murr,= a violent catarrh, a severe cold in the head. Chapman, Mons. -d’Olive, ii. 1 (Philip); _murres_, pl., Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, -fol. 3, back; ‘Murre, _gravedo_’, Levins, Manipulus. See Nares. - -=Murrian,= a Mauritanian, a Moor. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 315). See -=Morian.= - -=murrion,= a ‘morion’, a steel cap. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 -(Captain). Also jocularly, a nightcap; spelt _murrain_, id., Scornful -Lady, iv. 1 (Abigail). Span. _morrion_ (Stevens). See Stanford (s.v. -Morrion), and Dict. (s.v. Morion). - -=muscadine,= a kind of wine with a musk-like perfume. Massinger, City -Madam, ii. 1. 12. See Dict. (s.v. Muscadel). - -=Muscovy glass,= a kind of talc. B. Jonson, Prol. to Devil is an Ass, -17; Marston (Malcontent), i. 3 (Passarello). - -=muse,= to wonder, marvel. Coriolanus, iii. 2. 7; Macbeth, iii. 4. 85; -hence, _muses_, musings, thoughts, cogitations, Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 94); Englishman for my Money, iii. 2 (Harvey); in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, x. 509. OF. _muser_, ‘regarder comme un sot’ (Bartsch), cp. -Ital. _musare_, ‘to muse, to gape, to hould ones muzle or snout in the -aire’ (Florio); Prov. _muzar_, ‘regarder bouche béante’; _mus_, ‘figure, -visage’ (Levy). - -=muse,= a gap in a thicket or fence through which a hare or other beast -of sport is wont to pass; ‘Take a hare without a muse, and a knave -without an excuse’, Howell, Eng. Prov. 12; ‘The wild muse of a bore’ -(boar), Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 368; Heywood, Witches of Lancs. i. 1 -(Bantam). The word is in prov. use in many parts of England from the -north country to Sussex, written _muse_, _meuse_, _moose_, _muce_, see -EDD. (s.v. Meuse). F. dial. (Bas-Maine) _mus_, ‘muce, passage étroit à -travers des broussailles pour les lièvres, les lapins, &c.’ (Dottin); -see Littré (s.v. Musse). See =meaze.= - -=muske-million,= the musk-melon. Drayton, Pol. xx. 54; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 40. 8. - -=musquet,= a hawk of a very small size. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. -119; ‘Musket, a lytell hauke, _mouchet_’, Palsgrave. Ital. _mosquetto_, -‘a musket-hawke’ (Florio). - -=muss,= a scramble among boys, for trivial objects. Ant. and Cl. iii. -13. 91; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). ‘Muss’ means a -confusion, scramble, in Warwickshire, see EDD. (s.v. Muss, sb.^{1} 1 and -2). - -=mutchado,= a moustache; ‘On his upper lippe A mutchado’, Arden of Fev. -ii. 1. 56; _mutchato_, Higgins, Induction to Mirror for Mag. (Nares); -_muschatoes_, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore). For numerous -spellings of the word ‘moustache’ see NED. See =mouchatoes.= - -=mutton,= a strumpet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 2 (Mis. O.); Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 8 (Bots). See =laced mutton.= - -=myrobalane,= a kind of dried Indian plum. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 -(Subtle). F. _myrobalan_, L. _myrobalanum_, Gk. μυροβάλανος, probably -the ben-nut; μύpov, unguent, and βάλανος, acorn. - - - - - N - - -=nab,= the head. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, -Caveat, p. 82; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); _nabb_, a hat, -Shadwell, Squire Alsatia, ii. 1. Swed. dial, _nabb_, the head (Rietz). - -=nab-cheat,= a hat or cap. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1; Harman, -Caveat, p. 82. See =cheat= (Thieves’ Cant). - -=nache,= the rump; ‘The nache by the tayle’, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § -57. 3. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Aitch-bone). OF. _nache_, a -buttock (Godefroy); Ital. _natica_. See Dict. (s.v. Aitch-bone). - -=nads,= an ‘adze’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 9. - -=næve,= a spot, blemish; ‘Spots, like næves’, Dryden, Death of Lord -Hastings, 55. L. _naevus_, a mole, or mark on the body. - -=nake,= to bare, unsheathe a sword; ‘Nake your swords’, Tourneur, -Revenger’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Lussurioso). ME. _naken_, to make naked -(Chaucer, Boethius, bk. iv, met. 7). - -=naked,= unarmed. Othello, v. 2. 258. Phr. _naked bed_, in reference to -the once common custom of sleeping undressed, no night-linen being worn; -‘In her naked bed’, Venus and Ad. 397. See Nares; and EDD. (s.v. Naked, -1 (1)). - -=nale, at,= for _atten ale_, at the ale-house. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 166. Cp. Glouc. phrase, ‘He’s gone to nale’ (EDD.). ME. -_atte nale_, at the ale-house (P. Plowman, C. viii. 19). - -=nall,= an ‘awl’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘A _naule_, idem quod -_aule_’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Nall for a souter, _alesne_’, Palsgrave. -‘Nawl’ is in common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=namecouth,= known by name, famous. Spelt _naamkouth_, Grimalde, -Concerning Virgil, 14; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 102. - -=namely,= especially. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 14; vii. 7. 48. - -=nape,= to strike upon the nape or back of the head just above the neck. -‘Naped in the head’, Latimer, 3 Sermon (ed. Arber, 76); ‘_I nawpe_ one -in the necke’, Palsgrave. - -=Napier’s bones,= ivory rods marked with numbers, for facilitating -calculation; invented by Lord Napier of Merchiston (d. 1617). Butler, -Hud. ii. 3. 1095; iii. 2. 409. - -=nappy,= having a head, foaming; heady, strong. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. -16; Gay, Shepherd’s Week, ii. 56. In common prov. use (EDD.). - -=nares,= nostrils. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742; ‘Nares (of a hawk)’, Book of -St. Albans, fol. a 5; L. _nares_, pl. nostrils. - -=narre,= nearer. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 97; Ruines of Rome, xvi. 3. -Icel. _nærre_, nearer (adj.); _nærr_ (adv.). - -=nas,= for _ne has_, has not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 61. - -=nase,= nose. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lorel). ME. _nase_, nose -(Wars Alex. 4519). - -=natch,= a ‘notch’; ‘Cut all the natches of his tales’ (i.e. cut, in -order to destroy, all the notches off his accounts or tallies), Arden of -Fev. v. 1. 24; ‘A natche, _incisura_; to natch, _incidere_’, Levins, -Manip. In prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). - -=nathe,= ‘nave’ of a wheel. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 9. In common -prov. use in the north and the Midlands (EDD.). - -=nathemore,= never the more. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 25; iv. 8. 14. For the -earlier _nathemo_. See NED. - -=native,= in astrology; the subject of a horoscope, the person whose -nativity is being cast. Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); Butler, -Hud. i. 1. 608. - -=nawl;= see =nall.= - -=nay:= phr. _say nay, and take it_, refuse, but accept; a proverbial -expression as to a maid’s part. Richard III, iii. 7. 50; Peele, Sir -Clyomon, p. 494, col. 1. - -=ne,= nor. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 25; All’s Well, ii. 1. 176. ME. _ne_, -nor (Chaucer, C. T. A. 179). OE. _ne_. - -=neafe,= a clenched hand, a fist. Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 15; _neuf_, B. -Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 1 -(Cuddy). In common prov. use in various parts of the British Isles, see -EDD. (s.v. Neive). ME. _neefe_, a fist (Barbour’s Bruce, xvi. 129); also -in forms _nave_, _new_, in pl. _nevis_, _newys_, _newffys_ (id., see -Glossary). Icel. _hnefi_. - -=neal,= to anneal. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer). - -=neat-house.= The Neat House (lit. house for cattle) was a celebrated -market-garden, near Chelsea Bridge (Gifford); Massinger, City Madam, -iii. 1. 14. - -=neatresse,= a female neatherd. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, -st. 48. - -=neck,= in chess; a move to cover check. Surrey, To the Lady that -scorned her Lover, 3, in Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 21). See NED. - -=neck-verse,= the Latin verse read by a malefactor, to entitle him to -benefit of clergy, so as to save his neck; usually Psalm li. 1, -_Miserere mei_, &c. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Pilia); Fletcher, Mad -Lover, v. 3 (Chilax). - -=needle,= to penetrate like a needle; to make their way into; ‘Mice made -holes to needle in their buttocks’ (of fat hogs), Middleton, Game at -Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). - -=needly,= of necessity, necessarily. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. -517, col. 2; id., Tale of Troy, p. 552. A Yorks. word (EDD.). - -=neeld,= a ‘needle’. Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, xx. 95; Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, i. 715; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 204. A common prov. form, see -EDD. (s.v. Needle). - -=neele,= a ‘needle’. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 3 (Tyb). The word spelt -without the _d_ is common in prov. E. in many spellings, as _neele_, -_neel_, _neal_, _nill_, _nail_ (EDD.). - -=neesing,= a sneezing, a sneeze. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xvii. 732; -BIBLE, Job xli. 18. ‘Neese’ is in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and -various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Neeze). ME. _nesen_ (Prompt.). -Du. _niesen_, to sneeze (Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Neese). - -=neif,= one born on a feudal manor in a state of serfdom; ‘It signifieth -in our common law a bondwoman, the reason is, because women become bound -rather _nativitate_ than by any other means’, Cowell. Spelt _nyefe_, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 342. Anglo-F. _neif_, ‘serf de naissance -ou d’origine’ (Didot); Med. L. _nativus_ (Ducange). - -=neis,= to scent, smell; ‘The hart . . . nere fra’ hence sall neis her -i’ the wind’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). See NED. (s.v. Nese). - -=nephew,= a grandson. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 22; ii. 10. 45; ‘_Grandsires -and nephews_’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 3 (Curius); spelt _nevew_; -Phaer, Aeneid ii, 702 (= L. _nepotem_). See Trench, Select Glossary. ME. -_nevewe_, a grandson (Chaucer, Hous Fame, ii. 109). OF. _neveu_. O. -Prov. _nep_, _nebot_. L. _nepotem_, nephew, grandson. - -=nere,= nearer; ‘The nere to the churche, the ferther from God’, -Heywood, Prov. (ed. 1867, 17). ME. ‘þe nere þe cherche, þe fyrþer fro -God’, R. Brunne, Handlyng Synne. OE. _nēar_, compar. of _nēah_, nigh. - -=nesh,= soft, tender, delicate; ‘Like a nesh nag’, Beaumont and Fl., -Bonduca, iv. 1 (Petillius); ‘_Tendre_, tender, nice, nesh, delicate’, -Cotgrave. In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England (EDD.). ME. -_nesche_, ‘mollis’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _hnesce_, soft (B. T.). - -=nest of goblets,= a set of them, of different sizes, fitting one inside -another. Northward Ho, iii. 2 (Bellamont); _neast of goblets_, Marston, -Dutch Courtezan, i. 1. 7. So also _a nest of boxes_; Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Socrates, § 12. - -=net, nett,= clear, clean, bare. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 20; vi. 8. 45. -F. _net_, neat, clean, clear; bare, empty. - -=nettie,= neat, ‘natty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1. - -=neuf;= see =neafe.= - -=neuft,= a newt, evet, or eft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 1 (Tucca); cp. -_newt_ in Bartholomew Fair, Act ii, where Knockem says, ‘What! thou’lt -poison me with a _newt_’, &c.; where ed. 1614 has _neuft_ (NED.). - -=Never a barrel the better herring,= proverbial saying, meaning never -one better than another, nothing to choose between them, referring to -the notion that you will not find a better herring by searching in a new -barrel. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 6 (Litio); Martiniere’s Voyage, 127 -(NED. (s.v. Herring)); [Fielding, T. Jones, x. v.]. Also, _In neither -barrel better herring_, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 102); Udall, -tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 11; ‘The Devil a barrel the better herring’, -Bailey’s Colleq., Erasmus, 373; cp. Gosson, School of Abuse, 32: ‘Of -both barrelles [i.e. as containing poets on the one side and cooks and -painters on the other] I judge Cookes and Painters the better herring.’ -See Davies (s.v. Herring). - -=new-eared,= newly ploughed. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 492. See -=ear= (to plough). - -=newel,= a novelty, rarity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 276. Explained as -‘a newe thing’. Formed from _new_, with the suffix of _novel_. - -=new-fangle,= fond of new things; ‘The peple were soo newfangle’, Morte -Arthur, leaf 421; bk. xxi, c. 1 (end). See Dict. (s.v. _Newfangled_). - -=new-year’s-gift,= a present to a great man on new-year’s day, usually -given in hope of a reward or by way of bribe. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Julio); Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 21. - -=neysshe,= soft. Morte Arthur, leaf 311. 8; bk. xiii, c. 30. See =nesh.= - -=niaise,= a young hawk taken out of the nest, applied allusively to a -simple, witless person. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz.); ‘_Niard_, -a nias faulcon’, Cotgrave. ‘Nias’ is a north Yorks. word for a young -hawk (EDD.). OF. _niais_, ‘qui n’est pas encore sorti du nid, qu’on a -pris au nid’ (La Curne). See =eyas.= - -=nice;= in various senses. It means fine, elegant, Much Ado, v. 1. 75; -tender, delicate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 180; precise, Macbeth, iv. 3. -174; scrupulous, Merch. Ven. ii. 1. 14; subtle, L. L. L. v. 2. 232; coy, -prudish, L. L. L. iii. 1. 24; squeamish, Tam. Shrew, iii. 1. 80; -trifling, Romeo, iii. 1. 159. _To make it nice_, to seem reluctant, -North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 177). - -=niceness,= coyness, scrupulousness. Cymb. iii. 4. 158; Middleton, A -Fair Quarrel, i. 1 (Colonel). - -=nick,= to cut in nicks or notches, Com. of Errors, v. 175; to clip, -curtail, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 8. _In the nick_, at the right moment, -Othello, v. 2. 317; _out of all nick_, beyond all reckoning, -excessively, Two Gent. iv. 2. 76. See EDD. (s.v. Nick, sb.^{4} 1). -Hence, _nick_, to hit off, to find out with precision; ‘You’ve nicked -the channel’ (i.e. the right course), Congreve, Love for Love, iii. 4 -(Ben); _nicked_, luckily saved, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1304. See EDD. -(s.v. Nick, vb.^{2} 2). - -=nidget, nideot,= an ‘idiot’, simpleton. Spelt _nigget_, Middleton, The -Changeling, iii. 3 (Lollio). In prov. use (EDD.). - -=niding;= see =nithing.= - -=niece,= a grand-daughter, Richard III, iv. 1. 1; a relative, cousin -(vaguely used). Greene, Alphonsus, ii, prol. 12; id., iii (Fausta, l. -939). Down to the beginning of the 17th cent. the sense of -grand-daughter appears to have been common; see Trench, Select Glossary. - -=nifles,= trifles, things of little or no value; trifling tales; ‘The -fables and the nyfyls’, Heywood, A Mery Play, 434 (NED). ME. _nyfles_: -‘He served hem with nyfles and with fablis’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1760). -OF. _nifles_ (Godefroy). See EDD. (s.v. Nifle). - -=nifling,= trifling, worthless, Lady Alimony, ii. 6. 10. - -=niggers, niggers-noggers,= meaningless forms, used as minced oaths. -Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim.); also _sniggers_, id. - -=niggish,= niggardly, miserly; ‘Niggish slovenrie’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 11; ‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. -Lumby, 102). See Nares. - -=niggle,= to do anything in a trifling, fiddling, ineffective way; ‘Take -heed, daughter, you niggle not with your conscience’, Massinger, Emperor -of the East, v. 3 (Theodosius). In prov. use with numerous variations of -sense, see EDD. Norw. dial. _nigla_ (Aasen). - -=night-cap,= a nocturnal bully, a notorious roisterer. Webster, Duch. of -Malfi, ii. 1; Devil’s Law-case, ii, 1. See =Roaring Boys.= - -=night-rail,= a night-dress. Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 2 (1 -Lady); Massinger, City Madam, iii. 2 (end); iv. 4 (Luke). In prov. use, -see EDD. (s.v. Night, 1 (29)). OE. _hrægl_, dress. See Nares (s.v. -Night-rail), and Dict. (s.v. Rail, 4). - -=night-snap,= a thief (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Chances, ii. 1 (John). - -=nil=(=l,= to be unwilling, often denoting simple futurity; ‘I nill live -in sorrowe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 151; ‘I nill relate’, Pericles, -iii, prel. 55; _will he nill he_, Hamlet, v. 1. 18; _to will and nill_, -B. Jonson, Epigrams, xlii. 16; _nild_, pt. t. would not, ‘Unto the -founts Diana nild repair’, Greene, Radagon’s Sonnet, 17 (ed. Dyce, p. -301). ‘Nill ye, will ye’, whether you wish or not, is in use in -Scotland; ‘Nildy wildy’, whether one would or not, is heard is E. Anglia -(EDD.). ME. _nil_, pr. s.; _nolde_, pt. t. (Chaucer). - -=nim,= to steal. Puritan Widow, i. 4. 167; Butler, Hud. i. 1. 598; -hence, _nimmer_, a thief, id., ii. 3. 1094; Tomkis, Albumazar, iii. 7 -(end); _nimming_, stealing, Massinger, Guardian, v. 2 (Durazzo). ‘Nim’ -and ‘Nimmer’ are in prov. use (EDD.). ME. _nimen_, to take, to seize (P. -Plowman), see Dict. M. and S.; OE. _niman_, to take; cp. G. _nehmen_. - -=nine-holes,= a game in which the players endeavoured to roll small -balls into nine holes in the ground, all separately numbered. Drayton, -Pol. xiv. 22; Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal vi (Melanthus). See EDD. (s.v. -Nine, 1 (9)), and NED. (s.v. Nine-holes). - -=nine men’s morris,= a rural game, called also Merrils, described in -Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 542), Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 98. -Called ‘Morris’ by popular etymology, as if with reference to the -movement (or dance) of the men (or pieces). But the right name was -‘Merelles’ (i.e. counters or pieces used in the game). Cp. Cotgrave: -‘_Merelles, Le jeu des merelles_, The boyish game called Merils or -five-penny Morris, played here most commonly with stones, but in France -with pawns or men made of purpose, and termed Merelles.’ See Ducange -(s.v. Merallus), EDD. (s.v. Nine, 1 (12)), and Nares (s.v.). - -=ningle,= ‘ingle’; _mine ingle_ became _my ningle_, my favourite. -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Roderigo); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, -iii. 1 (Fustigo). See =ingle.= - -=nip,= a taunt, sarcasm, reproof. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 27 -(ed. Arber, p. 68). ‘Nip’ in prov. use means a pinch or squeeze; a bite -or sting, see EDD. (s.v. Nip, sb.^{1} 15, 16). - -=nip a bung,= to steal a purse (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor); ‘A pickpocket, as good as ever _nipped_ the judge’s _bung_ -while he was condemning him’, The London Chanticleers, scene 1 (Heath); -Cleveland (Nares); _nip_, a cutpurse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Moll). Hence _nipper_, ‘A nypper is termed a pickpurse or a cutpurse’, -Fletewood (in Aydelotte, p. 95). - -=nip a jan,= to steal a purse (Cant). B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed -(Jackman). See _Jan_ in NED. - -=nipitato,= strong liquor; ‘A drink In England found, and Nipitato -call’d, Which driveth all the sorrow from your hearts’, Beaumont and -Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 2 (Pompiona). Hence, _nippitate_, strong -(said of wine), Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Collen). See Nares. - -=nis,= is not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19. ME. _nis_ (Chaucer). OE. -_nis_, for _ne is_, is not. - -=niste, nist,= knew not. Spelt _nyst_, Morte Arthur, leaf 339. 4; bk. -xvi, c. 9. ME. _niste_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 502). OE. _nyste_, for _ne -wyste_; _wiste_, pt. t. of _witan_, to know. - -=nithing,= a vile coward; a term of severe reproach. _Nithing_, Blount’s -Gloss.; spelt _niding_, Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xviii (end); p. -79. Icel. _nīðingr_, legally the strongest term of abuse for a traitor, -coward, or the like (Vigfusson). - -=no,= used ironically; ‘No rich idolatry’ (i.e. great idolatry), -Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Learchus); ‘No villainy’ -(i.e. great villainy), Mad Lover, iii. 6 (Chilax). - -=noble,= a coin worth 6_s._ 8_d._ Richard II, i. 1. 88. - -=noblesse,= noble birth or condition. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 297; the -nobility, persons of noble rank, ‘There is in every state . . . two -portions of subjects; the Noblesse and the Commonaltie’, Bacon, Essay -15, § 13; Richard II, iv. 1. 119 (1st quarto only). ME. _noblesse_, -nobleness, noble rank (Chaucer). F. _noblesse_, ‘nobility, gentry; -gentlemanliness’ (Cotgr.). - -=nobley,= great display, splendour. Morte Arthur, leaf 158, back, 8; bk. -viii, c. 29; lf. 211, back, 32; bk. 10, c. 6. ME. _nobley_, nobility, -dignity, splendour, noble rank; assembly of nobles (Chaucer). OF. -_noblei_(_e_, nobility of rank or estate; Anglo-F. _noblei_, nobleness -(Rough List). - -=nocent,= harmful. Milton, P. L. ix. 186; guilty, Greene, James IV, v. 6 -(Sir Cuthbert). L. _nocens_, hurtful, culpable. - -=nock,= a notch at the end of a bow, or in the head of an arrow; ‘The -nocke of the shafte’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 127). Also, the -cleft of the buttocks, Butler, Hud. i. 1. 285. Du. _nock_, ‘a notch in -the head of an arrowe’ (Hexham). See Nares. - -=nock,= (perhaps) a notch. The phr. _much in my nock_ seems to mean -‘much in my line’, ‘very suitable for me’, Triumphs of Love and Fortune -(last speech but one of Lentulo), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 242. So also -_beyond the nock_, above or beyond measure, ‘He commendeth hym by yonde -the nocke, _Il le prise oultre bort_, or _oultre mesure_’, Palsgrave. - -=noddy,= a simpleton. Two Gent. i. 1. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). - -=noddy,= a card-game. Heywood, Woman killed with Kindness (Wendell); B. -Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); Westward Ho, iv. 1 (Birdlime); Northward -Ho, ii. 1 (Liverpool). See Nares. - -=nog,= a kind of strong beer, brewed in East Anglia, esp. in Norfolk; -‘Walpole laid a quart of nog on’t’, Swift, Upon the Horrid Plot, &c., -31; ‘Here’s a Norfolk nog’, Vanbrugh, A Journey to London, i. 1 (John -Moody). See EDD. (s.v. Nog(g)). - -=noise,= a company of musicians, a band. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13; Beaumont -and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iii. 1. 4. Common. The phrase _Sneak’s -noise_ (2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13) is copied by Heywood, Iron Age -(Thersites), vol. iii, p. 312. - -=nones:= phr. _for the nones_ = _for then ones_, for the once, for the -occasion. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9; B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. i -(Nano). See Dict. (s.v. Nonce). - -=nook-shotten,= provided with capes and necks of land; ‘That -nook-shotten isle of Albion’, Hen. V, iii. 5. 14. See the quotations in -NED. - -=noonstead,= the sun’s place at noon; the meridian. Spelt _noonestede_, -Sackville, Induction, st. 7; ‘Now it nigh’d the noonstead of the day’, -Drayton, Mooncalf (Nares). ‘Noonstead’ for the point of noon is known in -north Yorks. (EDD). - -=nope,= a bull-finch. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 74; ‘A Nope (bird), -_rubicilla_’, Coles, 1679; ‘_Chochepierre_, a kind of nowpe or bullfinch -that feeds on the kernels of cherri-stones’, Cotgrave. In prov. use. in -various parts of England (EDD.). See =awbe.= - -=noppe,= nap of cloth. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 453. Du. _noppe_, nap -(Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Nap.^{2}). - -=noppy,= ‘nappy’ (as ale), having a head, strong. Skelton, El. Rummyng, -102. ‘Nappy’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See -above. - -=nosel;= see =nuzzle.= - -=nose-thrilles,= nostrils. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75. 3; § 84. 2. OE. -_nosþyrel_, nostril. - -=n’ot,= know not. _I not_, I know not, Gascoigne, Complaint of -Philomene, 114. ME. _noot_ (_not_), 1 and 3 pr. s., I know not, he knows -not (Chaucer); OE. _nāt_ (for _ne wāt_). - -=notted,= without horns; ‘A lamb . . . it is notted’ (footnote, without -horns), Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 87. In prov. use we find -‘notted’ (‘knotted’, ‘natted’) meaning hornless, gen. of sheep; also -‘not’, hornless, of sheep or cattle, see EDD. (s.v. Not, adj.). - -=nott-headed,= having head with hair cropped short. Chapman, Widow’s -Tears, i (Tharsalio); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 3 (Preamble). ME. -_not-heed_, a head with hair cropped short (Chaucer, C. T. A. 109); see -Skeat’s Notes in Complete Edition. OE. _hnot_, bald-headed, close-cut -(Sweet). - -=noulde,= would not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., February, 192. ME. _nolde_ -(Chaucer); OE. _nolde_ (for _ne wolde_). - -=noule;= see =nowl.= - -=nourry,= a foster-child. Sir E. Wingfield, Letter to Wolsey (NED.); -_nourie_, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth, &c., st. 4; _noorie_, id., -Epit., &c., 60; id., Ovid’s Epistle, x (NED.) F. _nourri_, nourished, -nurtured. - -=nousle up;= See =nuzzle= (2). - -=novel,= news; ‘The novell’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv (Jupiter); vol. -iii, p. 55; Iron Age, Part II, A. ii (Soldier); p. 373. See Nares. - -=novum,= an old game at dice, played by five or six persons, the -principal throws being nine and five. L. L. L. v. 2. 547; ‘Change your -game for dice; We are full number for _Novum_’, Cook, Greene’s Tu -Quoque; in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 551, col. 1; spelt _novem_, A Woman -never vexed, ii. 1. 5. The ‘full number’ in this company was _six_; the -two principal throws were _nine_ and _five_. The game was properly -called _novem quinque_ (Douce); see Nares. - -=nowl,= the crown of the head; the head. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 17; -_noule_, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39. In prov. use (EDD.). OE. _hnoll_, -the top, summit, crown of the head. See Dict. (s.v. Noule). - -=nowl,= a blockhead. Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 113. - -=nowle,= a mole-hill. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 17. - -=nown,= own. _Mine own_ became _my nown_; hence _his nowne_ = his own; -Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 49. See Nares. - -=noy,= annoyance, vexation. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, pp. 522, 532); -_noy_, to annoy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; _noyance_, annoyance, id., i. -1. 23; _noyous_, troublesome (NED.). See Nares. - -=noyfull,= harmful, disagreeable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 24, -§ 2. - -=nuddle,= to beat, to pummel. Rawlins, The Rebellion, iv. 1 (Trotter). - -=nuddock,= the nape of the neck. Phaer, Aeneid vii, 742. ‘Nuddick’ is -the Cornish word for the back of the neck, see EDD. (s.v. Niddick). - -=nullifidian,= a man of no faith, a sceptic in matters of religion. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). - -=numbles,= certain inward parts of a deer; part of the back and loins of -a hart; ‘Noumbles of a dere or beest, _entrailles_’, Palsgrave; Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 7; _nomblis_, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 7 -b. F. _nombles d’un cerf_, ‘the numbles of a stag’ (Cotgr.); OF. -_nomble_ (Godefroy). See Dict. And see =umbles.= - -=numerical,= particular, individual; ‘Not only of the specifical, but -numerical forms’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. i, § 33. Also (with -_same_ or _very_) identical, ‘That very numerical lady’, Dryden, -Marriage à la Mode, ii. 1 (Palamede); also in form _numerick_, ‘The same -numerick crew’, Butler, Hud. i. 3. 461. - -=nup,= a simpleton; ‘The vilest nup’, Brewer, Lingua, ii. 1 (end). - -=nupson,= a simpleton. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brainworm); -id., Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug). - -=nursle,= to nurse; ‘To have a Bastard . . . nursled i’ th’ Countrey’, -Brome; Eng. Moor, iii. 3 (NED.); _noursle up_, to train up, Spenser, F. -Q. vi. 4. 35. See =nuzzle.= - -=nurt, nort,= to push with the horns. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 28; -_nort_, to push toward, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. viii, ch. 21. _Nurt_, -possibly related to OF. _hurter_ (F. _heurter_), to push. - -=nuzzle,= to poke or push with the nose; ‘I nosyll as a swyne dothe, _je -fouille du museau_’, Palsgrave spelt _nousle_, Venus and Ad. 1115; to -nestle close to a person, Heywood, Pleas. Dial. (Wks., ed. 1874, vi. -201); Marston, What you will, iii. 2 (Albano). Cp. Du. _neuselen_, to -poke with the nose (Kilian). - -=nuzzle,= to train, educate, nurture (freq. with _up_). Marston, -Antonio’s Revenge, Prol. 16; Drayton, Pol. xi. 180; _nosel_, Nice -Wanton, Prol. 9, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 163; _nousle up_, Spenser, F. -Q. i. 6. 23; _noursle up_, F. Q. vi. 4. 35; _nuzled in_, pp. trained in, -Holinshed, Chron. iii. 1225 (NED.); _nusled in_, New Customs, iii. 1; -Light of Gospel (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 44). See NED. See =nursle.= - -=nycibecetour,= a dainty dame, a fashionable girl; ‘Nycibecetours, or -denty dames’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 120; _nicibecetur_, -Roister Doister, i. 4. 12. - -=nye,= to draw nigh, approach. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 316; ‘We shall -nyghe the towne’, Palsgrave, 644. - -=nyefe;= see =neif.= - -†=nysot,= a wanton girl. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1244. Not found -elsewhere. - - - - - O - - -=O,= a round spot; a circle; ‘This wooden O’ (i.e. circular space), Hen. -V, Prol. 13; Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 81. See =oes.= - -=oade,= woad. B. Jonson, Poetaster, ii. 1 (Albius). - -=oatmeals,= a set of riotous and profligate young men (Cant); ‘Roaring -boys and oatmeals’, Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song). - -=Ob and Soller,= a dabbler in scholastic logic; one who deals with _obs_ -(objections) and _sols_ (solutions) in disputations; ‘To pass for deep -and learned Scholars, although but paltry Ob and Sollers’, Butler, Hud. -iii. 2. 1242. - -=obarni,= in full _Mead obarni_, i.e. ‘scalded mead’, a drink used in -Russia; ‘Hum, Meath and Obarni’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.). -Russ. _obvarnyi_, scalded. - -=oblatrant,= railing, reviling. One of the words ridiculed by B. Jonson, -Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus). L. _oblatrare_, to bark at. - -=obley,= a little cake of bread, prepared for consecration in the -celebration of the Eucharist, the sacramental wafer; ‘The kyng shall -offre an obbley of brede . . . with the whiche obleye after consecrate -the king shall be howseld’, Devyse, Coron. Hen. VIII (NED.); spelt -_ubblye_, Morte Arthur, leaf 360. 6; bk. xvii, ch. 20. ME. _obly_ or -_ubly_. ‘nebula’ (Prompt. EETS. 312, see note, no. 1528); _obeley_ -‘oblata’ (Voc. 598. 24). OF. _oublee_, ‘hostie’ (Didot), Med. L. -_oblata_, ‘panis ad sacrificium oblatus, hostia nondum consecrata’ -(Ducange). - -†=obliquid,= directed obliquely. Only in Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 54. - -=obnoxious,= exposed to; ‘The having them obnoxious to ruin’, Bacon, -Essay 36, § 3; submissive, ‘In consort, men are more obnoxious to -others’ humours’, id., Essay 20, § 6; ‘They that are envious towards all -are obnoxious and officious towards one’, id., Essay 44, § last; Dryden, -ii. 1 (Emperor). L. _obnoxius_, lit. exposed to harm, also, exposed to -the power of another, hence, submissive. - -=obsequies,= funeral rites, a funeral. 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 147. Anglo-F. -_obsequies_ (Rough List), Med. L. _obsequiae_, ‘exequiae funebres’ -(Ducange). - -=obsequious,= dutiful in performing funeral obsequies, or in manifesting -regard for the dead; ‘To shed obsequious teares upon this Trunke’, Titus -And. v. 3. 152; ‘To do obsequious Sorrow’, Hamlet, i. 2. 92; -_obsequiously_, in the manner of a mourner, ‘I obsequiously lament’, -Richard III, i. 2. 3. - -=obtrect,= to disparage. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Usher). L. -_obtrectare_. - -=occupy,= to make use of; ‘Sondrie wares, . . . that men did commonly -occupy’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 67; to trade, Luke xix. 13; -‘They dyd dwell amonges them . . . occupying with them verye -familiarly’, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 31). See Bible Word-Book. But -often used in an indecent sense, till the word became odious, as Shak. -notes, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 161. - -=occurrent,= occurrence, event. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 68 and -181); BIBLE, 1 Kings v. 4. - -=odible,= hateful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 12, § last; -Fabyan, Chron., bk. i, c. 8. L. _odibilis_. - -=œillade,= an amorous glance. Merry Wives, i. 3. 68. F. _œillade_ -(Cotgr.), deriv. of _œil_, an eye. - -=o’er-hill’d,= covered over. B. Jonson, Masque of Beauty (January). See -=hill.= - -=oes,= bright round spots. Bacon, Essay 36; stars, Mids. Night’s D. iii. -2. 188; _O’s_, small metallic spangles, as in ‘embroidered with _O’s_’, -B. Jonson, Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 3. - -=oil:= _oil of angels_, oil of gold coins (i.e. coin employed in -bribes). Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer). _Oil of ben_ (or -_been_), oil from the _ben-nut_, or winged seed of the horse-radish tree -(_Moringa pterygosperma_). Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (Ricardo). Arab, -_bân_, the horseradish tree, or ben-nut. See Stanford (s.v. Ben). _Oil -of devil_, a ‘momentous preparation’ of unknown ingredients. Beaumont -and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iii. 3 (Leontius). _Oil of height_, the -red elixir, a red oil, fabled to transmute other metals into gold. B. -Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). _Oil of luna_, the white elixir, for -transmuting other metals into silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). -_Oil of mace_, oil from the spice called _mace_; but with a punning -reference to the mace borne by a serjeant who arrested a prisoner. -Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Sir B.). _Oil of talc_, a cosmetic, said -to have been obtained from talc. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); -Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Shave ’em). - -=old,= great, plentiful, abundant; ‘Old utis’, high merriment, 2 Hen. -IV, iv. 2. 22; ‘Ould filching’, abundant stealing, Arden of Fev. ii. 2. -53. ‘Old’ is used as an intensitive in many parts of England and -Scotland, e.g. in Cheshire ‘old doings’ signify great sport, great -merriment, an uncommon display of hospitality, see EDD. (s.v. Old, 11). -ME. ‘gode olde fyghtyng’, Bone Florence, 681 (NED.). - -=old,= a country pronunc. of ‘wold’, plain open country. King Lear, iii. -4. 125; also _ould_, Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 38. - -=oilet-hole,= an ‘eyelet-hole’, a small round hole worked in cloth. -Shirley, Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); Gent. of Venice, iii. 1. 7. F. -_œillet_, a little eye, an eilet-hole (Cotgr.). From F. _œil_, an eye. -See NED. (s.v. Oillet). - -=olfact,= to smell; a pedantic form. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742. L. -_olfactus_, pp. of _olfacere_, to smell. - -=oliphant,= elephant. Heywood, Brazen Age (Meleager), vol. iii, p. 187. -ME. _oliphant_ (Kingis Quair, 156); Anglo-F. _olifant_ (Ch. Rol. 3119), -_oliphant_ (Bozon, 19). - -=olla podrida,= a medley. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Roscius -solus). Span. _olla podrida_ (lit. rotten pot), a dish composed of many -kinds of meats and vegetables stewed or boiled together; for detailed -account of ingredients, see Stevens. - -=on cai me on;= ‘Bid _on cai me on_, farewell’, Marlowe, Faustus, 40 -(ed. Tucker Brooke). Gk. ὂν καὶ μὴ ὄν, existence and non-existence -(Aristotle). The meaning is, Bid farewell to Aristotle and philosophy. - -=on-end:= phr. _still on-end_, continually. Mirror for Mag., -Northumberland, st. 17. See =an-end.= - -=on gog,= ‘a-gog’, in eagerness, full of eagerness. Gascoigne, Grief of -Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 288; _to set on gog_, to excite, make eager, -Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, x (NED.). - -=on hight,= aloud, in a high voice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 45. ME. _on -highte_: ‘And spak thise same wordes al on highte’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -1784). - -=one,= alone, _solus_; ‘I one of all other’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, -170); _his one_, his own, ‘Then was she judged Triamond his one’, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 21. - -†=oneyers;= ‘Burgomasters and great oneyers’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 84. -Meaning doubtful; perhaps persons who converse with great ones -(Schmidt). - -=only,= alone; ‘Th’ only breath him daunts’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 13; -especial, ‘Mine onely foe, mine onely deadly dread’, id., i. 7. 50; ‘His -onely hart-sore and his onely foe’, id., ii. 1. 2. - -=onsay,= a saying of ‘On!’, the word to advance, the signal to start. -New Custom, ii. 2, l. 10 from end; see NED. - -=ontwight;= see =untwight.= - -=operance,= operation, action. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 3. 73. - -=operant,= operative, active. Hamlet, iii. 2. 184; Webster, Appius, v. 3 -(Virginius); Heywood, The Royal King, i. 1 (King); vol. vi, p. 6. - -†=ophic,= (?) relating to serpents; ‘Resolve To ophic powder’, Lady -Alimony, ii. 3 (Morisco). The sense is doubtful. - -=oppignorate,= to pawn, to pledge. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 91). L. -_oppignerare_, to pledge; from _pignus_, a pledge. - -=optic,= a magnifying glass, lens. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, i. 1 -(Theodoret); _optic glass_, a telescope, Milton, P. L. i. 288. - -=optimate,= a noble or aristocrat. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, i. 381; xi. -706. L. _optimates_, prop. members of the ‘Nobilitas’ in Rome, fr. -_optimus_, best. - -=opunctly,= according to appointment; at the time appointed. In Cook, -Green’s Tu Quoque; Ancient E. Drama, ii. 565, col. 2. For _appunctly_. -Cp. Med. L. _appunct_(_u_)_are_, ‘pacisci, convenire’ (Ducange). - -=orangeado-pie,= a pie with candied orange-peel. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. -I, iv. 2 (Crambo). See =oringado.= - -=orbity,= bereavement, childlessness. Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Pamphilus); -vol. vi, p. 127. L. _orbitas_, orphanage, childlessness. - -=ordinary,= a public dinner, where each one pays his share. ‘Crown -ordinary’, a five-shilling dinner, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. -2 (Norbret); ‘He kept a daily Ordinary (thanks being the only shot his -guests were to pay)’, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 6. 328. F. _ordinaire_, ‘ce -qu’on a accoutumé de servir pour le repas. _Il tient un bon ordinaire_’ -(Dict. Acad. 1762). - -=ordinately,= regularly, in an orderly way, righteously; ‘To walke -ordinatly, and in a plain way’, Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, -27). Cp. L. _ordinate_, in an orderly manner (Vulgate, 1 Mac. vi. 40). - -=ore,= the name of a fine kind of wool, esp. from Leominster; ‘To whom -did never sound the name of Lemster ore?’, Drayton, Polyolbion, song -vii, 1. 152; xiv. 237; ‘But then the ore of Lempster’, B. Jonson, The -Honour of Wales, 2 Song; ‘The finest Lemster ore’, Herrick, Oberon’s -Palace; Fuller, Worthies, 33. See EDD., NED., and Notes and Queries, 6th -S. i. 260. - -=ore,= seaweed. Drayton, Pol. iv. 74. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.vv. Ore -and Ware). OE. _wār_, ‘alga’ (Napier, OE. Glosses, 23. 2). - -=orgule,= pride. State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 88 (NED.). OF. _orguel_ (F. -_orgueil_), pride. - - =orguillous,= proud, haughty; ‘Proud and orgulllous’, Caxton, - Reynard (ed. Arber, 36); _orgillous_, Tr. and Cr., Prol. 2. - Anglo-F. _orguillous_ (Gower, Mirour, 1612). F. _orgueilleux_, - proud. - -=oricalche,= a very precious metal. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 78. L. -_orichalcum_, yellow copper ore, brass, highly prized by the ancients; -Gk. ὀρείχαλκος, mountain-copper (hence F. _archal_, in _fil d’archal_, -brass-wire). - -=orient,= applied to pearls and precious stones of superior quality and -brilliancy, as coming from the East. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Mosca). -Hence lustrous, brilliant, bright; ‘Now Morn . . . sowed the earth with -orient pearl’, Milton, P. L. v. 2; ‘Ten thousand banners rise into the -air with orient colours waving’, id., i. 516. Cp. F. _perles d’Orient_ -(Dict. Acad. 1762). - -=oringado,= candied orange-peel. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, i. 1 -(Steward). Cp. Span. _naranjada_, ‘a conserve made with oranges’; -_naranja_, orange (Stevens). See =orangeado-pie.= - -=ork, orc,= a sea-monster. Drayton, Pol. ii. 95; vii. 51. L. _orca_. - -=orkyn,= a small coin, a quarter of a stiver; ‘Bye an yearthen potte -. . . for an orkyn’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 28. Du. -_oortken_, ‘an _orkey_, or the fourth part of a stiver, or two doits’ -(Hexham); dimin. of _oort_, a small coin; see Franck. - -=orped,= stout, active, bold. Spelt _orpid_, Golding, Metam. vii. 440; -fol. 85 (1603); (of a boar) fierce, furious, id., viii. 395; fol. 99. -ME. _orped_, stout, brave (Gower, C. A. i. 2590); see Dict. M. and S. -OE. _orped_, gloss of _adultus_, syn. _snell_ (Napier, OE. Glosses, -3361). - -=orpharion,= a large kind of lute with from six to nine pairs of -strings, played with a plectrum; ‘The orpharion to the lute’, Drayton, -Pastorals, iii. 111. Composed of the names of Orpheus and Arion, -mythical musicians of Greek poetry. - -=orphelin,= an orphan. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 171. 11. Anglo-F. -_orphelin_, destitute, _orphanin_, an orphan (Gower); Late L. type -*_orphaninus_, deriv. of _orphanus_, Gk. ὀρφανός, bereft of parents or -children. - -=orpin,= orpiment, yellow arsenic. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 713. -F. _orpin_, ‘orpine, orpiment or arsenick’ (Cotgr.). - -=ortyard,= orchard. Golding, Metam. xiv. 624; fol. 175, back (1603). OE. -_ortgeard_. The first element _ort_ = L. _hortus_ (in Med. L. _ortus_), -a garden; cp. Norm. F. _ort_, ‘jardin, verger’ (Moisy 558), Anglo-F. -_ort_ (Gower, Mirour, 12868). - -=ospringer,= an osprey. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 557; ‘Ospringe, a -byrde’, Palsgrave. - -=ossifrage,= the Lammergeyer or Geir Eagle, identified with the -‘ossifraga’ of Pliny; ‘_Ossifrage_, a kind of Eagle, having so strong a -Beak that therewith she breaks bones and is therefore called a -bone-breaker’, Blount; in BIBLE, Lev. xi. 13, ossifrage (RV. gier -eagle). Identified with the ‘osprey’ or fish-hawk. Chapman, tr. of -Odyssey, iii. 505. - -=ostend,= to show. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Q. Mary), ed. Dyce, p. 194; -Heywood, Silver Age (Jupiter), vol. iii, p. 163. L. _ostendere_. - -=ostent,= a prodigy, manifestation. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 748; show, -Hen. V, v, chorus, 21; ostentation, Heywood, Iron Age, Part I (Ulysses); -vol. iii, p. 329. Also, to display, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. -14, § 6. L. _ostentum_, a prodigy (Vulg., Exod. vii. 3); _ostentare_, to -display (Vulg., Heb. vi. 11). - -=osteria,= a hostelry, inn. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca); Beaumont -and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2. 1. Ital. _osteria_ (Florio), Med. -L. _hostellaria_, ‘diversorium’ (Ducange). - -=ostry,= a hostelry. Marlowe, Faustus, ii. 3 (Robin). Hence -_ostry-faggot_, a faggot in a hostelry, Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 -(1242); p. 133, col. 1. See =hostry.= - -=otacousticon,= an ear-trumpet, an instrument used to assist hearing. -Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3 (Ronca). Gk. ὠτ- (ὠτός, gen. of οὖς an ear) + -ἀκουστικός, acoustic. - -=other,= left; _other leg_, left leg, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 23; _other -eye_, left eye, id., iii. 9. 5; _other hand_, left hand, id., v. 12. 36. - -=other-gates,= of another kind. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 -(Truepenny); ‘Works . . . requiring other-gates workmen’, Gauden, Tears -of the Church, Pref. (Davies); in another way, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 199. -Still survives in the north country and in Warwicksh. (EDD.). - -=ouch,= the socket of a precious stone, an ornament, jewel. Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Moroso); ‘Thou shalt make them (the stones) to be -set in ouches of gold’, BIBLE, Exod. xxviii. 11; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 52. -ME. _nowch_, ‘monile, scutuler’ (Prompt. EETS. 309). Anglo-F. _nouche_, -a brooch (Gower, Balades, xxxiii. 2); _nusche_ (Rough List). See =owch.= - -=ought,= _pt. t._ owned, possessed. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1 -(Leonora). Also, owed; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 608; Spenser, F. Q. i. -4. 39; ii. 8. 40. ME. _oght_ (Dest. Troy, 12404), _ouhte_, owned, -possessed (P. Plowman, C. iv. 72). OE. _āhte_, pt. t. of _āgan_, to -possess, own. See =owe.= - -=oultrage,= ‘outrage’, violence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 182, back, -31. Anglo-F. _oultrage_, _oltrage_, _outrage_, extravagant conduct -(Gower). Med. L. _ultragium_, ‘immoderatio’, ‘injuria’ (Ducange), deriv. -of L. _ultra_, beyond. - -=oultrance:= phr. _put to oultrance_, put to the extremity, put to -death; Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 67, back, 10. Anglo-F. _oultrance_: ‘la -guerre jusques al oultrance’ (Gower, Mirour, 8040); see NED. (s.v. -Outrance). See =utterance.= - -=ouphe,= a fairy, an ‘elf’, ‘oaf’, goblin, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 49. Icel. -_ālfr_, an elf. See =aulf.= - -=out,= proverbial saying, _out of God’s blessing into the warm sun_, -from better to worse, Heywood’s Proverbs, bk. ii, ch. 5 (ed. Farmer, pp. -67 and 148); Harrison, Desc. Britain, in Holinshed (ed. 1577, i. fol. -11a). Cp. Lyly’s Euphues (ed. Arber, 320), ‘Thou forsakest God’s -blessing to sit in a warme Sunne’; and, ‘If thou wilt follow my advice -. . . thou shalt come out of a warme Sunne into God’s blessing’ (id. -196), where the proverb is reversed; ‘Thou must approve the common saw, -Thou out of heaven’s benediction comest To the warm sun!’ King Lear, ii. -2. 157, 158 (see W. A. Wright’s note in C. P. Series). The original -meaning of this proverbial expression is not clear. - -=out,= to put out, extinguish, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 735; -‘Witness that Taper whose prophetick snuff Was outed and revived with -one puff’, Quarles, Argalus and Parthenia (ed. 1678, 77). - -=outbrast,= _pt. t._ burst out. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. Pt. t. of -ME. _outbresten_; ‘The blode outbrast’ (Dest. Troy, 8045); see NED. -(s.v. Outburst). - -=out-brayed,= _pt. t._ brayed out, uttered aloud. Sackville, Induction, -st. 18. Doubtless confused with =abraid.= - -=out-breast,= to outvoice, surpass in singing. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 3. -145. - -=outcept,= except. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan); ii. 1 (Hilts). - -=out-cry,= an auction; because such a sale was proclaimed by the common -crier. B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia); New Inn, i. 1 (Host); -Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (Bellides). See Nares. - -=outrecuidance,= arrogance. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Dique); -Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (_or_ 2) (Golding). F. _oultrecuidance_, an -overweening presumption, pride, arrogancy (Cotgr.); F. _outrecuidance_; -O. Prov. _oltracuidar_, _oltra_, L. _ultra_, beyond + _cuidar_, to -think, L. _cogitare_. - -=outrider,= a highwayman. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 43. - -=outsquat,= to throw out (as from a sling), to scatter; ‘The greatest -sort with slings their plummet-lompes of lead outsquats’, Phaer, tr. of -Aeneid, vii. 687. - -=overcraw,= to triumph over, lit. to crow over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 50. -See Nares. - -=overdight,= _pp._ covered over. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 53; iv. 8. 34. -_Dight_, pp., appears in later poetic language to be often taken as an -archaic form of _decked_, see NED. (s.v. Dight, vb. 10). - -=overflown,= flushed with wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 2 (Ph.). Cp. -Milton, P. L., i. 502, ‘Then wander forth the sons of Belial, flown with -insolence and wine.’ - -=overgrast,= overgrown with grass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130. - -=overhaile,= to draw over. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 75. See =hale and -ho.= - -=overlashing,= extravagant. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 105); -extravagance, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 39. - -=overlive,= to survive. Bacon, Essay 27, § 4. - -=overlook,= to look down upon, despise. Hen. V, iii. 5. 9; B. Jonson, -Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). - -=overlop,= the planking of a deck; the ‘orlop’; ‘His bed was not laid -upon the overlop’, North, tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Shak. Plutarch, -p. 295, § 3). Du. _overloop_, ‘the covert or deck of anything; the -hatches of a ship’ (Hexham). - -=overseen,= betrayed into error, deluded. Chapman, Argument 2 to Iliad, -bk. xiv; intoxicated, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16; ed. Arber, p. 37. -‘Overseen’ is still in prov. use in both senses: (1) cheated, deluded; -(2) overcome with drink, intoxicated; see EDD. (s.v. Overseen, 3 and 4). - -=over-shot,= i.e. an _over-shot mill_, a mill worked by water pouring -over the top of the wheel. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 2 (Chilax). - -=overthwart,= across, transversely. Morte Arthur, leaf 262, back, 15; -bk. x, c. 64; cross, malicious, id., lf. 180. 25; bk. ix, c. 15; an -adverse circumstance, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 12; in Tottel’s -Misc. p. 27. ‘Overthwart’ (meaning across) is in prov. use in many parts -of England (EDD.). ME. _overthwarte_: ‘_ovyr wharte_, transversus’ -(Prompt. EETS. 321). - -=overture,= an open space. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 28. The gloss has: -‘_Overture_, an open place; the word is borrowed of the French, and used -in good writers.’ Anglo-F. _overture_, an opening (Gower). - -=overture,= used to mean _overthrow_. Middleton, Family of Love, i. 1 -(Glister). See NED. for other examples. - -=overwent,= oppressed, subdued. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 2. The gloss -has: ‘overwent, overgone.’ - -=owch,= a clasp, esp. a jewelled clasp, jewel. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 31. -See =ouch.= - -=owdell,= a kind of poem. Drayton, Pol. iv. 184. Welsh _awdl_, a rime or -assonance. - -=owe,= to possess. Tempest, i. 2. 407; Meas. for M. i. 4. 83; ii. 4. -123. ME. _owen_, to possess (Chaucer, C. T. C. 361); OE. _āgan_. See -=ought.= - -=ower,= a form of _oar_; ‘And there row’d off with owers of my hands’, -Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 628; cp. ‘my hands for oars’, id., x. 482. - -=Owlglass,= a jester, buffoon. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca to -Histrio). The word is an English equivalent of German _Eulenspiegel_; -see below. ‘A merye jeste of a Man that was called Howleglas’, Title of -an old German jest-book translated into English in 1560. - -=owl-spiegle,= an English part-rendering of German _Eulenspiegel_ -(_Eule_, owl + _spiegel_, glass mirror), the name of a German jester of -mediaeval times, the hero of a jest-book. Used as a term of abuse: ‘Out, -thou houlet! . . . owl-spiegle!’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); -‘Ulen Spiegel!’, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Hence F. _espiègle_ -(Hatzfeld). See above. - -=ox:= Proverbial saying—_The black ox has trod on his foot_, i.e. he -has fallen into decay or adversity; it often implies old age: ‘She was a -pretty wench . . now . . the black oxe hath trod on her foote’, Lyly, -Sapho and Phao, iv. 2 (Venus); ‘When . . the blacke Oxe (shall) treade -on their foote—who wil like of them in their age who loved none in -their youth’, id., Euphues (ed. Arber, 55); ‘The black ox had not trod -on his nor her foot’, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 17); ‘The black -ox never trod on his foot, i.e. he never knew what sorrow or adversity -meant’, Ray, Prov. Phrases (ed. Bohn, 173). Cp. Gascoigne, Glasse of -Governement, v. 6 (Gnomaticus). The saying is still in prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)). - - - - - P - - -=paciens,= ‘patience’, a name given in the north and north-west of -England to the bistort; ‘The herbe [Tobacco] is . . . garnished with -great long leaves like the paciens’, Harrison, Descr. of England, -Chronology, 1573 (ed. Furnivall, p. lv). See NED. (s.v. Passions). - -=pack,= to practise deceitful collusion, to plot. Titus And. iv. 2. 155; -_packed_, confederate, Com. Errors, v. 1. 219; contrived, Fletcher, -Span. Curate, iv. 5 (Bartolus). - -=packing,= confederacy, conspiracy, collusion. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 121; -Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, iii. 1 (Giovanni). - -=pad,= a toad, proverbial saying, _a pad in the straw_, a lurking -danger; ‘In straw thear lurcketh soom pad’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -i. 656; Gosson, School of Abuse, 63; Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 -(Chat). In Yorks. ‘pad’ is used for a frog (EDD.); Icel. _padda_, a -toad; Flem. _padde_, ‘crapauld’ (Plantin). - - =paddock,= a toad. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190; a frog, ‘Padockes, - _grenouilles_’, Palsgrave, 502. In gen. prov. use for a frog or - toad (EDD.). - -=pad,= a path, track. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. Can.); _horse -pad_, a horse-path, Bunyan, Grace Abounding (NED.); _high pad_, the -highway, Harman, Caveat, 84; also, a highwayman, ‘The High-Pad or Knight -of the Road’, R. Head, Canting Acad. 88. _Pad_, a road-horse, a pad-nag, -Shirley, Witty Fair One, i. 1. 5. Hence _padder_, a foot-pad, Massinger, -New Way to pay, &c., ii. 1 (Marrall); _padding_, robbing on the highway, -‘Ride out a-padding’, Dryden, Princess of Cleves, Prol. 29. ‘Pad’ is in -gen. prov. use for a path in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). -Low G. _pad_, path; _padden_, to go on foot (Koolman). - -=pad,= a wicker pannier; ‘A haske is a wicker pad’, Glosse by E. K. to -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16. In prov. use in the eastern counties, see -EDD. (s.v. Pad, sb.^{5}), and NED. (Pad, sb.^{4}). - -=pagador,= pay-master. Spenser, State of Ireland (Wks., Globe ed., 657). -Span. _pagador_, a paymaster (Stevens). - -=pagan,= a cant term of reproach. A paramour, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 168; a -bastard, Fletcher, Captain, iv. 2 (Host). - -=paggle,= to hang loosely down, like a bag. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 -(1421); scene 10. 63 (W.); p. 171, l. 1 (D.). - -=paigle,= a cowslip. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 7); -spelt _paggles_, pl., Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 25. In gen. prov. use -(EDD.). - -=painful,= painstaking, laborious. L. L. L. ii. 23; Tam. Shrew, v. 2. -147; ‘Such servants are oftenest painfull and good’, Tusser, Husbandry, -170. Still in use in the north country (EDD.). - -=painted,= adorned with bright colouring; ‘A peinted sheathe’, a -handsome exterior, Udall, tr. of Apoth., Diogenes, § 190; pride, -vainglory, id., Socrates, § 56; ‘Peinted termes’, grandiloquence, id., -Antigonus, § 14. - -=painted cloth,= cloth or canvas painted in oils and used for hangings -in rooms. L. L. L. v. 2. 579; As You Like It, iii. 2. 290; 1 Hen. IV, -iv. 2. 28. It often showed moral pictures. See NED. - -=pair of cards,= a pack of cards; ‘A payre of cardes’, Ascham, -Toxophilus, p. 49; Fletcher, Sea-voyage, i. 1 (Tibalt). See Nares. - -=pair of organs,= an organ. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 1 (Sir B.); -‘_Unes orgues_, a payre of organs, an instrument of musyke’, Palsgrave, -183. See NED. (s.v. Organ, 2 c). - -=pair-royal,= in cribbage and other card games, three cards of the same -denomination; a throw of three dice all turning up the same number of -points, as three twos, &c. Hence, a set of three persons or things, -Ford, Broken Heart, v. 3; ‘That great pair-royal of adamantine sisters’, -Quarles, Emblems, v; Howell, Lex. Tetraglotton, Dedication; Butler, -Ballad upon the Parliament (last line; _pair-royal_, riming with -_trial_); ‘That paroyall of armies’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 2. 22. See -Nares and NED. ‘Prial’ is in prov. use in various parts of England in -the sense of (1) a ‘pair-royal’ in cards, (2) three of a sort, (3) a -gathering of persons of a similar disposition (EDD.). See =parreal.= - -=paise;= see =peise.= - -=pall,= to become faint, to fail in strength. Hamlet, v. 2. 9; Phaer, -Aeneid ix (NED.); to enfeeble, weaken; to daunt, appal, King James I, -Kingis Quair, st. 18; Fletcher, Bloody Brother, ii. 1 (Latorch); Peele, -Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 532). - -=palliard,= a lewd person, a thorough rascal. Dryden, Hind and Panther, -ii. 563; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). _Palliards_, one of the -twenty-four orders of Vagabonds; beggars who excited compassion by means -of artificial sores, made by binding some corrosive to the flesh; see -Harman, Caveat, p. 44, and Aydelotte, p. 27. F. _paillard_, ‘a knave, -rascall’, &c. (Cotgr.); lit. one who lies on straw; F. _paille_, L. -_palea_, straw. - -=palm,= the flat expanded part of a deer’s horn, whence the points -project. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 124. - -=palmplay,= a game resembling tennis, but played with the hand instead -of a bat. Surrey, Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13. Cp. -F. _jeu de paume_ (Dict. de l’Acad., s.v. Paume). - -=palped,= that can be felt, palpable. Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Icilius); -Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 206. L. _palpare_, to feel. - -=palt,= to trudge; ‘Palting to school’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 165. - -=palter,= to shift, shuffle, equivocate. Macbeth, v. 8. 20; Ant. and Cl. -iii. 11. 63. - -=paltock,= a short coat, sleeved doublet. Morte Arthur, leaf 89, 27; bk. -v, c. 10; OF. _paletocque_; ‘Paltocke, a garment, _halcret_’ -(Palsgrave). ME. _paltok_ (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 25); _paltoke_ (Prompt. -EETS., see note, no. 1569). F. _palletoc_, ‘a long and thick pelt or -cassock, a garment like a short cloak with sleeves’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. -(s.v. Paletot). - -=Paltock’s inn,= a mean or inhospitable place; Paltock is probably here -a proper name, but the allusion is unknown. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. -52; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 65 (a rendering of the Lat. -‘pollutum hospitium’, l. 61). - -=pampestry,= a corrupt form of _palmistry_. Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. -25. ME. _pawmestry_ (Lydgate, Assembly of Gods, 870). - -=pamphysic,= concerning all nature. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). -Gk. παμ- + φυσικός. - -=panada, panado,= bread boiled to a pulp, and flavoured with currants, -sugar, &c. _Panada_, Massinger, A New Way, i. 2 (Furnace); _panado_, -Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Gasparo). In Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver), -the word is spelt _poynado_. Span. _panada_. See Stanford (s.v. Panade). - -=panarchic,= all-ruling. A nonce-word. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle). Gk. πάναρχος, all-ruling + _-ic_. - -=panax,= all-heal; a healing plant, whence opopanax is made. Middleton, -The Witch, iii. 3 (Firestone). L. _panax_; Gk. πάναξ, πανακής, -all-healing. - -=pandora,= a ‘bandore’, a musical instrument, a kind of lute. Rowley, -All’s Lost, ii. 1. 4; _pandore_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 63. Gk. πανδοῦρα. See -Stanford. - -=paned hose,= breeches made of strips of different coloured cloth joined -together; or of cloth cut into strips, between which ribs or stripes of -another material or colour were inserted or drawn through. Beaumont and -Fl., Woman-hater, i. 2 (Lazarillo); Wit at several Weapons, iv. 1 -(Cunningham). From _pane_, a patch of cloth. OF. _pan_, L. _pannus_. - -=panel;= see =pannel.= - -=pannam,= bread (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, -Caveat, p. 83. - -=pannel,= a panel; a piece of cloth placed under the saddle to protect -the horse’s back; also, a rough saddle. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 447; ‘A -straw-stufft pannel’, Hall, Sat. iv. 2. 26; _panel_, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 17. 5. OF. _panel_, a piece of cloth for a saddle, F. ‘_paneau_ -(_panneau_), a pannel of a saddle’ (Cotgr.). - -=pannikell,= the brain-pan, skull. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23. L. -_panniculus_, the membranous structure of the brain, see NED. (s.v. -Pannicle). - -=pantler,= the officer of a household in charge of the pantry. 2 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 258; Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (Springlove); ‘A pantler, -_panis custos_, _promus_’, Gouldman. ME. _pantelere_, ‘panitarius’ -(Prompt. EETS. 326, see note, no. 1571). - -=pantofle,= a slipper, Massinger, Bashful Lover, v. 1; Unnat. Combat, -iii. 2 (Page); Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 2 (Servant); Spanish -Curate, iv. 1 (Ascanio); ‘_Baseæ_ . . . a kynde of slippers or -pantofles’, Cooper, Thesaurus. F. _pantoufle_ (1489 in Hatzfeld). The -usual English stress on the first syllable facilitated the corruptions: -_pantapple_ (Baret), _pantable_ (Sydney, Arcadia), _pantocle_ (Ascham, -Scholemaster, ed. Arber, 84), assimilated to words in _-ple_, _-ble_, -_-cle_. See NED. - -=pap:= phr. _pap with a hatchet_, infant’s food administered with a -hatchet instead of a spoon; an ironical phrase for a form of reproof or -chastisement; ‘They give us pap with a spoon before we can speak; and -when wee speake for that wee love [like], _pap with a hatchet_’, Lyly, -Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Livia); the name of a controversial tract -attributed to Lyly. - -=parage,= lineage; esp. noble lineage, high birth. Morte Arthur, leaf -110, back, 5; bk. vii, c.5; ‘Of high and noble parages’, Udall, Roister -Doister, Act i, sc. 2; ed. Arber, p. 17. OF. _parage_, ‘parente, -affinité; noblesse, naissance illustre’ (Didot); see Moisy. O. Prov. -_paratge_, ‘naissance noble, noblesse’ (Levy); Med. L. _paraticum_, see -Ducange (s.v. Paragium). - -=paramento,= an article of apparel. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 -(Incubo). Span. _paramento_, ornament; Med. L. _paramentum_, ornament; -_parare_, ‘ornare’ (Ducange). See =pare.= - -=paranymph,= friend of the bridegroom. Milton, Samson, 1020. F. -_paranymphe_, ‘. . . an assistant in the . . . ordering of bridall -businesses’ (Cotgr.). Gk. παράνυμφος, friend of the bridegroom (John -iii. 29); Gk. παρά, beside; νύμφη, bride. - -=parator;= see =paritor.= - -=paravaunt,= beforehand, first of all. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 16; vi. -10. 15. F. _par avant_. - -=parboil,= to boil thoroughly. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 -(Downright). See Dict. - -=parbreak, parbrake,= to vomit. Skelton, Duke of Albany, 322; Hall, -Satires, i. 5. 9; Palsgrave. 478; Horman, Vulg. 39 (NED.); also, as sb., -vomit, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 20. ME. _parbrakynge_, ‘vomitus’ (Prompt.); -the usual form in Prompt. is _brakyn_, ‘vomo’ (see ed. EETS., Index, p. -749). - -=parcel,= a portion, part, share; ‘A parcel of ground’, BIBLE, John iv. -5; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 68. 63; Merry Wives, i. 1. 237; item, -particular, All’s Well, iv. 3. 104; small party, L. L. L. v. 2. 160. - -=parcel,= partly; _parcel-gilt_, partly gilded, esp. of silver ware. 2 -Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94. _Parcel_, used for _parcel-gilt_, Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Mother). So also _parcel-bawd_; Meas. for M. ii. 1. 63; -Fletcher, Captain, i. 1 (Lodovico). _Parcel-popish_, Fuller, Worthies, -Somerset. See NED. (s.v. Parcel, B. 1). - -=parclose, perclose,= close, conclusion, esp. of literary matter. -Warner, Alb. Eng. Epit. (ed. 1612, 377); Quarles, Sol. Recant. vii. 97. -Norm. F. _parclose_, conclusion (Moisy); see also Didot. - -=parcloos, parclose,= an enclosed space in a building, small chamber. -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 9, back, 25. Anglo-F. _parclose_, an enclosure -(Gower); OF. _parclouse_, ‘clos, lieu cultivé et fermé de murs ou de -haies’ (Didot). - -=pardalis,= a panther. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 667; _pardale_, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 626. Gk. πάρδαλις, fem., a panther. - -=pare,= to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 245, back, 26; Knight of la -Tour (EETS.), p. 67, l. 2. Hence _parement_, an ornament, id., leaf 236. -27. See =paramento.= - -=paregal,= fully equal. Skelton, Dethe of E. of Northumberland, 134; -_peregall_, id., Speke Parrot, 430. Norm. F. _paregal_, ‘parfaitement -égal’; see Moisy (s.v. Parigal). See =peregall.= - -=parel,= ‘apparel’, clothing, attire; ‘A shining parel . . . of Tirian -purple’, Surrey, Aeneid iv, 337. Hence, _parrelments_, clothes, Heywood, -Witches of Lancs., i (near end), Wks. iv. 186. ME. _paraille_, clothing -(P. Plowman, B. xi. 228). Norm. F. _apareiller_, ‘parer, orner’ (Moisy). - -=parerga,= unimportant matters, secondary business. B. Jonson, Magnetic -Lady, i. 1 (Compass). Gk. πάρεργα, pl. of πάρεργον, by-work. - -=parget,= ornamental work in plaster. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 9. -Anglo-F. _pargeter_, projeter, jeter et répandre en avant (Ch. Rol. -2634); see Moisy (s.v. Parjeter). See Dict., and see =pergit.= - -=parish-top,= a large top kept for public exercise in a parish. Twelfth -Nt. i. 3. 44. See =town-top.= - -=paritor, parator,= ‘apparitor’, a summoning officer of an -ecclesiastical court. Fletcher, Span. Curato, v. 2 (Bartolus); -_parator_, Heywood, 2 Edw. IV (1 Apparitor), vol. i, p. 161. L. -_apparitor_, a public servant, such as a lictor (Cicero). - -=parket,= a ‘parakeet’. Marston, The Fawn, ii. 1 (Nymphadore). - -=parlance,= speaking, speech; parleying. Speed, Hist. Gt. Britain, ix. -12. 575 (NED.). Norm. F. _parlance_, ‘entretien’ (Moisy). - -=parlant,= one who parleys, or takes part in a conference. Warner, Alb. -England, bk. iii, ch. 19, st. 32. - -=parle,= a parley, conference. Tam. Shrew i. 1. 117; Hamlet, i. 1. 62; -to parley. L. L. L. v. 2. 122. - -=parlous,= alarming, mischievous, ‘perilous’, shrewd. Mids. Night’s D. -iii. 1. 14; Richard III, ii. 4. 35. - -=parmesant,= cheese made in the duchy of Parma. Middleton, The -Changeling, i. 2 (3 Madman); _parmesent_, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 4 -(Poggio). F. _parmesan_, Ital. _parmegiano_, belonging to Parma. See -Stanford (s.v. Parmesan). - -=parnel,= a wanton young woman. Phillips, Dict., 1678; Becon, Popish -Mass (Works, iii. 41), see NED. ME. _pernelle_ (P. Plowman, B. iv. 116); -F. _peronnelle_, ‘une femme de peu’ (Dict. Acad., ed. 1762). ‘Parnel’ -orig. a feminine Christian name, ME. _Peronelle_ (Gower, C. A. i. 3396); -OF. _Peronelle_, a Christian name from St. _Petronilla_. Hence the -surname Parnell (Bardsley, 582). - -=paroli,= at faro or basset, the leaving of the money staked and the -money won as a new stake; a doubling of the stakes. Farquhar, Sir Harry -Wildair, ii. 1 (Banter); id., ii. 2 (Wildair). Ital. _paroli_, ‘a grand -part, set, or cast at dice’; _parolare_, ‘to play at a grand part at -dice’ (Florio). See Stanford. - -=paronomasia,= a pun, play upon words; ‘The jingle of a more poor -paranomasia’, Dryden, Account of Annus Mirabilis. Gk. παρονομσία. See -Stanford. - -=parreal,= ‘pair-royal’; meaning three of a sort. ‘The _we’s_, which is -a distinct _parreal_ of wit bound by itself’, &c., Parson’s Wedding, ii. -3 (Wanton). The allusion is probably to the public-house sign, ‘We Three -Loggerheads be’, a jocular painting of _two_ silly-looking faces, the -unsuspecting spectator being of course the third. See History of -Signboards (1866), p. 458. See =pair-royal.= - -=parrelments;= see =parel.= - -=parsee,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal; ‘A . . . dogge -that hunts my heart By _parsee_ each-wheare found’ (i.e. found -everywhere by means of the blood-trail), Warner, Albion’s England, bk. -vii, ch. 36, st. 90; ‘Ascanius and his company, drawing by _parsie_ [by -the trail] after the stagge’, id., prose addition to bk. ii, § 22. F. -_percé_, lit. pierced; hence, a wounded animal. Finally, confused with -_pursue_. See =persue.= - -=parson,= a prov. pronunciation of ‘person’. Middleton, No Wit like a -Woman’s, iii. 1 (Sir G. Lamb.); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 1 -(Servant). - -=part,= a party, a body of adherents or partisans; ‘The part of -Chalengers’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 25. - -=partage,= a share. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 2 (Mariana). -Anglo-F. _partage_, sharing (Gower, Mirour, 1654). - -=parted,= gifted with good parts. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 96; Massinger, Gt. -Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Sanazzaro). - -=Partlet,= a word used as the proper name of any hen; also applied to a -woman. Winter’s Tale, ii. 3. 75; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 60. ME. _Pertelote_, -the name of the hen in Chaucer’s Nun’s Priest’s Tale (C. T. B. 4075, -4295, 4552). - -=partlette,= a neckerchief or handkerchief. Tyndale, Acts xix. 12, -_partlettes_ = ‘semicinctia’ (Vulgate), σιμικίνθια, aprons; -_partelettes_, Cranmer’s Bible, 1539; ‘_Un collet ou gorgias de quoi les -femmes couvrent leurs poictrines_, a partlet’, Hollyband, 1580 (NED.). - -=pash,= the head; usually in a depreciatory sense. Wint. Tale, i. 2. -128. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.). - -=pash,= to dash into pieces. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 (Harpax); -Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 213; v. 2. 10; to hurl, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 2 (414) -(Orlando). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=pashe:= in phr. _for the pashe of God_, Roister Doister, iv. 3; _for -the pashe of our sweete Lord Jesus Christ_, id., v. 5; _for the passion -of God_, id., iv. 3. - -=pass,= to go beyond, exceed, surpass. Merry Wives, i. 1. 310. Hence -_passing_, surpassing; ‘Passing the love of women’, BIBLE, 2 Sam. i. 26; -Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 24; extremely, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. See EDD. -(s.v. Pass, vb. 8). - -=pass,= to care, reck; ‘I do not pass a pin’, Greene (Alphonsus), i. 1; -_to pass of_, to care for, regard, ‘I pass not of his frivolous -speeches’, id., Friar Bacon, i. 2. 271; _to pass for_, to care for, -Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 4 (Edward). - -=passado,= a motion forwards and thrust in fencing. L. L. L. i. 2. 184; -Romeo, ii. 4. 26; iii. 1. 88. Cp. F. _passade_, Sp. _pasada_, It. -_passata_. - -=passage,= a game at dice; ‘Passage is a game at dice to be played at -but by two, and it is performed with 3 dice. The caster throws -continually till he hath thrown dubblets under ten, and then he is out -or loseth, or dubblets above ten, and then he _passeth_, and wins’, -Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 119 (Nares); ‘_Passe-dix_, such a game as -our Passage’, Cotgrave; ‘Learn to play at primero and passage’, B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum. i. 1 (Carlo); Rowley, A Woman never vexed, -ii. 1. 3. See =court-passage.= - -=passant= (in heraldry), walking and looking toward the dexter side, -with three paws down, and the dexter forepaw raised; said of an animal. -Merry Wives, i. 1. 20. F. _passant_, passing. - -=passata,= the same as =passado.= Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). - -=passe-measure, passameasure= (Florio, 1598, s.v. Passamezzo), a slow -dance of Italian origin, a variety of the ‘pavan’; _a passy measures -Pavyn_, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 205; _passa-measures galliard_, Middleton, -More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Page). Ital. _passamezzo_, for _passo e mezzo_, -i.e. a step and a half; see NED. - -=passement,= gold or silver lace, braid of silk or other material. -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, iii. 1 (Arber, 150). F. _passement_; Span. -_passamano_, ‘lace of gold, silver or silk for cloaths’ (Stevens). - -=passion,= sorrow, grief. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Dutch -Merchant); iii. 1 (Weatherwise); a pathetic speech, Massinger, The Old -Law, i. 1 (Simonides). - -=passionate,= sorrowful; compassionate, loving, pitiful. King John, ii. -1. 554; Richard III, i. 4. 121; Shirley, Changes, i. 2; Spenser, Colin -Clout, 427. - -=pastance,= pastime; ‘For my pastance, hunt, syng, and daunce’, Song by -Henry VIII; The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 23 (l. 5). F. -_passe-temps_; see Montaigne, Essais, III. xiii (ed. 1870, p. 584), on -‘cette phrase ordinaire de “Passe-temps”’. - -=pastillo,= a small roll of aromatic paste prepared to be burnt as a -perfume. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). L. _pastillus_, an -aromatic lozenge (Horace). - -=pastler,= a maker of pastry, confectioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Alexander, § 9; ‘Cooks or Pastelars’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms, -115). ME. _pastelere_, ‘pastillarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 329, see note, no. -1582). OF. _pastellier_ (Godefroy). - -=patache,= a tender, a vessel attending a squadron of ships; ‘Ships, -pynaces, pataches’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon; Works, ii. 256. Span. -_patache_ (Stevens). Probably a Dalmatian word, cp. Med. L. _bastasia_, -‘naviculae apud Dalmatas species’ (Ducange). See Stanford. - -=patch,= a clown, a paltry fellow. Macbeth, v. 3. 15; Massinger, Virgin -Martyr, ii. 1 (Hireius). - -†=pathaires,= explosive outbursts (?). Arden of Fev. iii. 5. 51. Not -found elsewhere. - -=patish,= to agree upon, bargain for; ‘The money, which the pirates -patished for his raunsome’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 1; ‘To -pattish, patise, covenant, _pacisci_’, Levins, Manip. ‘Pattish’ is given -as an obsolete Yorks. word in the sense of ‘to plot or contrive -together’ (EDD.). Cp. OF. _patis_, ‘pacte, traité’ (Didot); _patiser_, -to agree upon; deriv. of L. _pactum_, an agreement. - -=patoun,= the meaning is uncertain. In B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum. -iv. 4, ‘the making of the patoun’ may refer to the moulding of the -tobacco into some shape for the pipe; cp. F. _pâton_, lump or pellet of -paste (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). - -=patrico,= a hedge-priest among the gipsies, who performed marriages. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, ii (Waspe), -near the end. See Aydelotte, p. 19. - -=patrone,= a ‘pattern’, copy, sampler, exemplar; ‘Make all thynges -accordynge to the patrone’ (κατὰ τὸν τύπον), Tyndale, Heb. viii. 5. The -Gk. τύπος is so rendered in Cranmer’s Bible (1539), and in the Geneva -Bible (1557); Coverdale, 2 Kings xvi. 10. F. _patron_, ‘modèle, exemple’ -(Gloss. to Rabelais). O. Prov. _patron_, ‘modèle’ (Levy). - -=patten,= a form of _pattern_. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (_or_ -2) (E. Knowell); ‘A Patten, _prototypon_’, Levins, Manip. - -=paunce, pawnce,= the ‘pansy’, or heart’s-ease. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -April, 142; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, c. 28, st. 43; _panse_, -Holland, Pliny, xxi. 10. 92. OF. _panse_, _pense_, thought, O. Prov. -_pensa_, ‘pensée’ (Levy). - -=pauncie,= the pansy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 24; F. _pensée_, ‘a -thought, also the flower Paunsie’ (Cotgr.). - -=pautener, pawtener,= a wallet, scrip. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 44; -‘Pautner, _malette_’, Palsgrave. ME. _pawtenere_, _pawytnere_, -‘cassidile’ (Prompt. EETS. 330, see note, no. 1592). F. _pautonniere_, -‘a shepherd’s scrip’ (Cotgr.). - -=pavan,= a stately dance in which the dancers were elaborately dressed. -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 23 (Arber, 61); _pavin_, Twelfth N. v. 1. -207; _paven_, Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 2 (near end); _pavion_, Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, i. 19. 12. F. _pavane_, Ital. _pavana_, Span. _pavana_ -(_pabana_). See Stanford. - -=pavis,= a convex shield large enough to cover the whole body, used esp. -in sieges; ‘The shotte . . . they defended with Pavishes’, Hall, Chron. -Hen. VIII, 42; ‘A pavis coveris thair left sydis’, Douglas, Aeneid vii, -13. 67; as used on board a ship, ranged along the sides as a defence -against archery, Lydgate, Siege Harfleur (Arber’s Garner, viii. 16). -Span. _paves_ (Stevens); Ital. _pavese_, _palvese_ (Florio); Med. L. -_pavenses_, pl. (Ducange); perhaps from Pavia, see Hatzfeld (s.v. -Pavois). - -=paw,= improper, nasty, obscene; ‘Paw words’, Wycherley, Country Wife, -v. 2 (Horner); ‘Marrying is a paw thing’, Congreve, Love for Love, v. 2 -(Tattle). From _paw_, or _pah!_ interj., expressive of disgust. - -=Pawn,= ‘the Pawn’; a corridor, which formed a kind of bazaar, in -Gresham’s Royal Exchange. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); ‘Little lawn -then served the Pawn’, T. Campion (ed. Bullen, 114). See Nares. F. _pan_ -(de muraille), used in the Low Countries in the sense of ‘une gallerie -ou cloistre, lieu ou on vend quelque marchandise, ou où on se pourmeine, -_ambulacrum_’ (Kilian, 1599, s.v. Pandt). Cp. Du. _pandt_, ‘a -Covert-walking place, or a gallerie where things are sould’ (Hexham). - -=pax,= a tablet bearing a representation of a sacred object, kissed by -the celebrating priest at mass, and passed round to be kissed by others. -Hen. V, iii. 6. 42. Eccles. L. _pax_, ‘instrumentum quod inter Missarum -solemnia populo osculandum praebetur’ (Ducange); also called -_osculatorium_, see Dict. Ch. Antiq. (s.v. Kiss, 903). - -=payne mayne,= white bread of the finest quality; ‘Payne mayne, _payn de -bouche_’, Palsgrave. ME. _payndemayn_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1915); -_payman_, ‘placencia’ (Voc. 788. 32). Anglo-F. _pain demeine_, Med. L. -_panis dominicus_, lord’s bread, bread eaten by the master of the house; -cp. L. _vinum dominicum_, Petronius, Sat. § 30. See =demain.= - -=payre,= to impair, make worse, spoil. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 26; -§ 97. 3. See =appair.= - -=paytrelle,= ‘poitrel’, breastplate for a horse. Morte Arthur, leaf 119, -back, 2; bk. vii, c. 17. Anglo-F. _peitral_ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. -Poitrel). - -=peace,= to keep silence; ‘Peace, foolish woman. _Duchess._ I will not -peace’, Richard II, v. 2. 80; ‘He peaste and couched while that we -passed by’, Sackville, Mirror Mag., Induction, lxxii. - -=peak,= to make a mean figure, to play a contemptible part. Hamlet, ii. -2. 594; _peaking_, sneaking, mean-spirited, Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71. - -=peak,= to droop, to be sickly, Macbeth, i. 3. 23; Tusser, Husbandry, § -67. 27. The word ‘peaking’ is used in the sense of sickly, wasted away, -in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Peak, vb.^{2} 1 -(2)). See =pick.= - -=peak-goose,= a dolt, a simpleton. Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54); -Prophetess, iv. 3 (1 Guard); spelt _pea-goose_, Beaumont and Fl., Little -French Lawyer, ii. 3 (Dinant); Cotgrave (s.v. Benet); Chapman, Mons. -d’Olive, iii. 1 (Rhoderique). - -=peakish,= remote, solitary; ‘Did house him in a peakish grange Within a -forest great’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, ch. 42, st. 2; ‘Snow on -Peakish Hull’ (hill), Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4 (Ballad of Dowsabel, -st. 5); ‘A pelting grange that peakishly did stand’, Golding, tr. of -Ovid, Met. vi. 521 (L. _obscura_). See NED., where ‘Peakish’ is shown to -refer (probably) to the ‘Peak’ in Derbyshire. - -=pearl,= a disease of the eye. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza). -In Scottish use (EDD.). ME. _perle_ of þe eye, ‘glaucoma’ (Prompt.). - -=pease, pese,= a pea. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 69; ‘A pese above a -perle’, Surrey, The Lover excuseth himself, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 25; -‘Not worth two peason’, Surrey, Frailty of Beauty, id., p. 10; _Peason_, -peas, Tusser, Husbandry, § 53, st. 9. ME. _pese_, ‘pisa’ (Prompt.); OE. -_pisa_, _piosa_, a pea (Sweet). - -=pease, peaze,= to pacify, satisfy, ‘appease’. Ferrex and Porrex, iii. 1 -(Gorboduc); iv. 1 (Videna); Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 147. ME. -_pese_, to appease (Chaucer, C. T. H. 98; so Lansdowne MS.; Ellesmere, -_apese_). OF. _apaisier_ (Didot). - -=peat,= used as a term of endearment to a girl, with various shades of -meaning; ‘A pretty peat’, Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 78; ‘Lettice and Parnell -prety lovely peates’, Drayton, Man in Moon, ix; used as a term of -obloquy, ‘Proud peat’, Fletcher, Wife for Month, i. 1 (Sorano); -Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2. See Nares. In prov. use in Scotland -for a girl, gen. as a term of obloquy, ‘a proud peat’, see EDD. (s.v. -Peat, sb.^{2}). - -=peaze;= see =peise.= - -=peccadillo,= a collar. _Wooden peccadillo_, wooden collar (i.e. the -pillory); Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1454. See =pickadil.= - -=peck,= meat (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘Bene pecke, -good meate’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Let’s cly off our peck’, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). - -=peculiar,= private, belonging to one person only; ‘The single and -peculiar life’, Hamlet, iii. 3. 11. - -=ped,= a wicker pannier; ‘Dorsers are Peds or Panniers’, Fuller, -Worthies, Dorset, 1; Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. In common prov. use in -E. Anglia and E. Midlands, also in Somerset and Devon (EDD.). ME. -_pedde_, ‘idem quod _paner_’ (Prompt.). See =pad= (3). - -=pedee;= see =peedee.= - -=pedescript,= that which is written by the foot (not the hand); said -humorously by one who had been kicked; with _pede-_ substituted for -_manu-_. Shirley, Honoria, iv. 1 (Dash). - -=pedlar’s French,= unintelligible jargon. Middleton, Family of Love, v. -3 (Club). - -=pee,= a coat of coarse cloth; also, of velvet; ‘A velvet pee’, -Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Du. _pije_, ‘a pie-gowne, or a -rough-gowne, as souldiers and sea-men weare’ (Hexham); whence -_pea-jacket_. - -=peeble,= pebble; ‘The chaste stream, that ’mong loose peebles fell’, -Cowley, Davideis, i. 677 (NED.); _peeble-stone_, Golding, Metam. i. 575. -The usual Scottish pronunc. (EDD.). - -=peedee,= a foot-boy, serving-lad, drudge. Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy); -_pedee_, J. Jones, tr. of Ovid’s Ibis, 160, note (NED.); Phillips, -Dict., 1706. - -=peek, peke,= to peep. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 667; ‘I peke or prie’, -Palsgrave. In common prov. use (EDD.). - -=peel-crow;= see =pilcrow.= - -=peeled,= bald, shorn, with tonsured head. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 30. - -=peep,= an eye or spot on a die. Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. -Dyce, v. 581. Also, a pip on a card; Herrick, Oberon’s Palace, l. 49; -‘_Pinta_, among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens). ‘Peep’ is the -usual word for ‘pip’ of a card, die, or domino in NE. Derbyshire and S. -Yorkshire (H. Bradley). Cp. ‘peep’ in prov. use in the sense of a single -blossom of flowers growing in a cluster, see EDD. (s.v. Pip, sb.^{2} 1). -See =pip.= - -=peepin, pepin,= a pippin. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, v. 2. See Dict. (s.v. -Pippin). - -=peevish,= self-willed, obstinate. Two Gent. iii. 1. 68; Merry Wives, i. -4. 14; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iii. 3 (Harpax); ‘_Pertinax hominum -genus_, a peevish generation of men’, Burton, Anat. Mel., Pt. iii, § 4. -Hence _peevishness_, obstinacy, ‘An inbred peevishness and engraffed -pertinacity’, Holland, Livy, 1152. See Trench, Select Glossary; also -Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, Pref. to 8th ed., p. xxi. - -=pegma, pegme,= a kind of framework or stage used in theatrical displays -or pageants, sometimes bearing an inscription; also, the inscription -itself; ‘In the centre . . . of the pegme there was an aback or square, -wherein this eulogy was written’, B. Jonson, Jas. I’s Coronation -Entertainment (Wks., Routledge, p. 529, after inscription ‘_His -Vincas_’; ‘We shall heare . . . who penned the Pegmas’, Chapman, Widow’s -Tears, ii. 3 (Ianthe). L. _pegma_, Gk. πῆγμα, framework fixed together. - -=peise, paise,= weight, heaviness; ‘A stone of such a paise’, Chapman, -tr. Iliad, xii. 167; _peaze_, a heavy blow, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 20; -to weigh, ‘To weigh and peise the mountains’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 28 -(NED.); to estimate the weight of a thing, Dekker, Old Fortunatus, ii. 1 -(Soldan); to poise, ‘The workeman . . . Did peise his bodie on his -wings’, Golding, tr. Metam. viii. 188; ‘Ne was it (the island) paysd -Amid the ocean waves’, Spenser, F. Q., ii. 10. 5; to weigh down, Richard -III, v. 3. 100; Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Maria); to put a -weight upon, so as to retard, ‘’Tis to peize the time’, Merch. Ven. iii. -2. 22. ME. _peisen_, to weigh: ‘I wolde that my synnes . . . weren -peisid, in a balaunce’ (Wyclif, Job vi. 2); Anglo-F. _peise_, pres. s. -of _peser_; to weigh, to ponder, think (Ch. Rol. 1279); L. _pensare_, to -weigh, ponder. - -=pelamis,= a young tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. -_pelamys_; Gk. πηλαμύς. - -=peld,= ‘peeled’, stripped; ‘Of all thing bare and _peld_’, Phaer, -Aeneid i, 599 (L. _egenos_). See =peeled.= - -=pelican,= a retort with a fine end, like a bird’s beak. B. Jonson, -Alchem. ii. 1 (Face); iii. 2 (Subtle); iv. 3 (Face). - -=pelowre,= a plunderer, Morte Arthur, leaf 245, back, 31; bk. x, c. 48. -ME. _pelowre_, thiefe, ‘appellator’ (Prompt. EETS. 331). - -=pelt,= a light shield. Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 5 (Belinus). L. -_pelta_, Gk. πέλτη, a leathern shield. - -=pelt,= to strike a bargain; ‘I found the people nothing prest [not at -all ready] to _pelt_’, Mirror for Mag., Severus, st. 16. Perhaps the -same word as _pelt_, to strike. See NED. - -=pelting,= petty, trashy, contemptible. Richard III, ii. 1. 60; Meas. -for M. ii. 2. 112; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 2. 328. - -=peltish,= irritable, ill-tempered; ‘Peltish wasps’, Herrick, Oberon’s -Palace, 17. Cp. ‘pelt’, in prov. use for a fit of ill-temper, see EDD. -(s.v. Pelt, sb.^{5} 8). - -=penner,= a pen-case, case for holding pens. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. -139. A Scottish word for a tin cylinder used for holding pens, pencils, -&c. (EDD.). ME. _pennere_, ‘calamarium’ (Prompt.). - -=penny-father,= a miser, skinflint. Two Angry Women, ii. 1 (Philip); -‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 102). Hence the -surname Pennyfather; see Bardsley’s English Surnames, 482. - -=pensel,= a pennon, little banner. Morte Arthur, leaf 244, back, 12; bk. -x, c. 43; ‘Pensell, a lytell baner, _banerolle_’, Palsgrave. Anglo-F. -_pencel_ (Didot); OF. _penoncel_ (La Curne). Med. L. _penuncellus_ -(Ducange). - -=pentagoron,= a pentagram, a mysterious cabalistic figure supposed to -have great magical power. Rowley, Birth of Merlin, v. 1. 49; -_pentageron_, Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2. 222. Properly _pentagonon_. Gk. -πεντάγωνος, pentagonal, having five angles. - -†=pentweezle,= a term of abuse. Massinger, The Old Law, iii. 2. -(Lysander). - -=pepper:= phr. _to take pepper in the nose_, to take offence, to be -vexed. Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 3. 10; Lyly, Euphues, -pp. 118, 375. See Nares. - -†=peppernel,= a bump or swelling. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. -Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife). Not found elsewhere. - -=percase,= perchance. Bacon, Colours of Good and Evil, § 3. See Nares. - -=perceiverance,= mental perception. Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2 -(Violetta). See Nares. - -=perche,= to pierce. Ascham, Toxophilus, 137, 138. In prov. use in the -north, esp. in Yorks., also in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Pearch). ME. -_perchyn_, ‘perforare’ (Prompt. EETS. 44, see note, no. 208); _perche_, -‘to Thirle’ (Cath. Angl.). Norm. F. _percher_, ‘percer’ (Moisy). - -=perchmentier,= a maker or seller of parchment. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, -1095. - -=perdie,= a form of oath = By God!; used often merely as an -asseveration. Hen. V, ii. 1. 52; Hamlet, iii. 2. 305; King Lear, ii. 4. -86; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 22. ME. _pardee_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 563, -3084). OF. _pardee_ (F. _par Dieu_) Norm. F. _Dé_ = _Dieu_ (Moisy). - -=perditly,= desperately. Heywood, Dialogue 3 (Mary); vol. vi, p. 118. -Cp. L. _perdite amare_, to love desperately. - -=perdu, perdue,= a soldier sent on a forlorn hope; one who is in a -perilous position or in desperate case. King Lear, iv. 7. 35; Beaumont -and Fl., Mad Lover, i. 1 (Cleanthe); Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 3; -Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 1 (Lysander). F. _perdu_, lost. - -=peregall,= fully equal. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 8; Skelton, Speke -Parrot, 430; _no peregal_, without an equal; Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, -iii. 2 (Catzo). See =paregal.= - -=perge,= go on, proceed. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, ii -(Ilford); L. L. L. iv. 2. 54. L. _perge_, imper. - -=pergit,= a pargetting; ‘Painting’s pergit’, the plastering (of a -woman’s face) with paint, Drayton, Pastorals, iv. 78. See =parget.= - -=periapt,= an amulet. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 2. F. ‘_periapte_, a medicine -hanged about any part of the body’ (Cotgr.). Gk. περίαπτον, a thing -fastened round one, an amulet (Plato). - -=periment,= a ‘pediment’ (NED.). A workman’s term. L. _operimentum_, a -covering (Vulgate, Ezek. xxviii. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Pediment). - -=perish,= to destroy. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 100; Bacon, Essay 27, § 5. Cp. -the Yorks. use: ‘If thou goes out to-night it will perish thee’ (EDD.), -and the Irish, ‘Ah, shut that door; there’s a breeze in throught it that -would perish the Danes’, Joyce, 168. - -=perk,= saucy, pert, brisk, smart. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8. In gen. -prov. use in the North and in the Midlands (EDD.). As vb., _to perk it_, -to thrust oneself forward, to behave presumptuously; ‘Miriam began to -perk it before Moses’, Bunyan, Case Consc. Resolved (ed. 1861, ii. 673); -_to be perked up_, to be made smart, Hen. VIII, ii. 3. 21; _to perk up_, -to stick up, ‘(Hattes) pearking up’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. -Furnivall, 50). - -=perpetuana,= a very durable woollen stuff, sometimes called -_everlasting_. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Marston, -What you Will, ii. 1. 8. From L, _perpetuus_, perpetual. - -=perron, peron,= a large block of stone, used as a platform, or a -funeral monument, or other purpose. Morte Arthur, leaf 207, back, 28; -bk. x, c. 2. F. ‘_Perron_, an open lodge, passage, or walk of stone -raised; some quantity of staires, directly before the foredoore of a -great house; also, a square base of stone or metal, some five or six -foot high, whereon in old time Knights errant placed some discourse, -challenge, or proofe of an adventure,’ Cotgrave. Anglo-F. _perrun_, a -block of stone (Ch. Rol. 12). - -=perry;= see =pirrie.= - -=persant,= piercing. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 20. F. _perçant_, pres. pt. -of _percer_, to pierce. - -=perséver,= to persevere, continue in. Hamlet, i. 2. 92; King Lear, iii. -5. 23. - -=perspective,= an optical instrument for looking through or viewing -objects with; a telescope; ‘The heavens . . . whereof perspectives begin -to tell tales’, Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia; ‘Whose eyes shall easily -. . . behold without a perspective the extreamest distances’, id., Rel. -Med., Pt. 1, § 49; Webster, Duchess Malfi, iv. 2 (1 Madman); id. -(Bosola), near end; a microscope, ‘A tiny mite which we can scarcely see -Without a perspective’, Oldham, 8th Sat. of Boileau, 7 (ed. Bell, p. -203); a picture contrived to produce a fantastic effect; e.g. appearing -confused or distorted except from one particular point of view, or -presenting different aspects from different points. Rich. II, ii. 2. 18. - -=perspicil,= a telescope, optic glass. B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 -(P. jun.); New Inn, ii. 2 (Frank); Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, -v. 2. 2. See Nares. L. (16th cent.) _perspicilia_, spectacles (Ducange). - -=perstand,= to understand. Gascoigne, Works, i. 78; Peele, Sir Clyomon, -ed. Dyce, p. 492, col. 1, p. 499. A blend of two words—_per_ceive and -under_stand_. - -=perstringe,= to censure. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, end of ii. 1 (Damplay). -L. _perstringere_. - -=persue,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal, the ‘parsee’. -Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 28. Cp. ‘Now he has drawn _pursuit_ [old ed. -_pursue_, i.e. the trail] on me, He hunts me like the devil’; Fletcher, -Bonduca, v. 2 (Petillius). See =parsee.= - -†=persway,= to assuage, alleviate. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Overdo). Not found elsewhere. - -=pert,= lively, brisk, sprightly; in good spirits; ‘Trip the pert -Fairies’, Milton, Comus, 118; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 13. In gen. prov. -use in England, see EDD. (s.v. Pert, also Peart). - -=pert,= open, easily perceived. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 162. Short -for _apert_, open. F. _apert_; L. _apertus_. - -=peruse,= to inspect, examine. Com. Errors, i. 2. 15; Hen. VIII, ii. 3. -75; peruse over, to read over, King John, v. 2. 5. - -=pester’d, pestred,= crowded together; ‘Pestred in gallies’, Gosson, -School of Abuse, p. 32 (end); ‘Confin’d and pester’d in this pinfold -here’, Milton, Comus, 7; North’s Plutarch (in Shak. Plutarch, ed. Skeat, -175). For _impestered_; ‘_Empestré_, impestered, intricated, intangled, -incumbered’, Cotgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Pester). - -=pesterous,= cumbersome, troublesome. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -196). - -=pestle,= the leg and leg-bone of an animal, most freq. a pig in the -phr. _a pestle of pork_; ‘Pestelles of porke’, Boke of Kervynge -(Furnivall, 164). In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). _The -pestle of a lark_, used _fig._ for a trifle, something very small, Hall, -Satires, iv. 4. 29; ‘Rutlandshire is but the Pestel of a Lark’, Fuller, -Worthies, Rutland, ii. 346. _A pestle of a portigue_, used jocosely in -speaking of a gold coin (a _portigue_), as eatable meat, to starving -sailors, Fletcher, Sea Voyage, i. 3 (Tibalt). - -=petar,= a petard, bomb, a case filled with explosive materials. Hamlet, -iii. 4. 207; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Gunner); -_petarre_, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.). - -=peterman,= a fisherman. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (_or_ 3) (Quicksilver). In -reference to _St. Peter_. - -=Peter-see-me,= a kind of Spanish wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 -(near end); Brathwait, Law of Drinking, 80; Philecothonista (1635), 48 -(Nares). Sometimes only _Peeter_, Beaumont and Fl., Chances, v. 3 -(Song). _Pedro Ximenes_ was the name of a celebrated Spanish grape, so -called after its introducer, see NED. Cp. the spelling _Peter-sameene_ -in Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (1st Vintner). - -=pettegrye,= ‘pedigree’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 386. See Dict. - -=petternel,= a ‘petronel’, horse-pistol. Return from Parnassus, i. 2 -(Judicio). Hence, _petronellier_, a soldier armed with a petrenel; -Gascoigne, Weeds, ed. Hazlitt, i. 408. See Dict. (s.v. Petronel). - -=petun,= tobacco. Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares). F. _petun_, a native -South American name of tobacco (a Guarani word); see NED.; ‘_Petum -femelle_, English Tobacco; _Petum masle_, French Tobacco’ (Cotgr.). See -Stanford. - -=pewl,= to cry as a babe; ‘Here pewled the babes’, Sackville, Induction, -st. 74. See Dict. (s.v. Pule). - -=pex,= for _pax_. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 31, st 16. See -=pax.= - -=pheare,= a common spelling of =fere,= q.v. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. -122; _pheer_, Marmion, The Antiquary, i. 1 (Gasparo). - -=pheeze;= see =feeze.= - -=phenicopter,= a flamingo. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Sensuality). Gk. -φοινικ- (from φοῖνιξ), crimson, and πτερόν, feather. Spelt -_phœnicopterus_, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 12 (near the -end). - -=philander,= a lover, one given to making love to a lady, a male flirt. -Congreve, Way of the World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Tatler, no. 13, § 1. -This word for a lover became fashionable through the popularity of a -Ballad of 1682 about ‘the Fair Phillis’ and her ‘Philander’; see NED. -The Greek word ‘Philander’ was misunderstood as meaning a loving man, -but φίλανδρος was used originally of a woman, one loving her husband. - -=Philip,= a familiar name for a sparrow. King John, i. 231; Middleton, -The Widow, iii. 2 (Violetta). See Nares. Still in use in Cheshire and -Northants (EDD.). See =Phip.= - -=Philip and Cheiny,= an expression for two or more men of the common -people taken at random; Udall, Erasmus, Apoph., Pompey, 1. Also, -_Philip, Hob and Cheanie_, Tusser, Husbandry, 8. Also, name for a kind -of worsted or woollen stuff of common quality; ‘Thirteene pound . . . -T’will put a Lady scarce in Philip and Cheyney’, Fletcher, Wit at -several Weapons, ii. 1 (Lady Ruinous). See NED. (s.v. Philip, 4) and -Davies, Eng. Glossary. - -=philomath,= a lover of learning, esp. a mathematician. Congreve, Love -for Love, ii. 1 (Sir Sampson). Gk. φιλομαθής. - -=Phip,= a familiar name for a sparrow, a contraction for =Philip=, q.v.; -Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel, Sonnet 83; Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 -(Song). - -=Phitonesse,= the witch of Endor; ‘Heavenly breath, of Phitonessa’s -power, That raised the dead corpse of her friend to life’, Middleton, -Family of Love, iii. 7. 5; ‘I call In the name of Kyng Saul . . . He bad -the Phitonesse To wytchcraft her to dresse’, Skelton, Phylyp Sparowe, -1359. ME. _Phitonesse_, the witch of Endor (Gower, C. A. iv. 1937); -_Phitones_, Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 753 (see Notes, p. 563); _phitonesses_, -witches (Chaucer, Hous F. iii. 1261). Med. L. _phitonissa_ for -_pythonissa_, a woman inspired by Python (Ducange). Cp. Vulgate, in the -story of the witch of Endor, 1 Sam. xxviii. 7 (‘mulierem habentem -pythonem’). Gk. πνεῦμα πύθωνα, a spirit of Python, Acts xvi. 16. See -note, no. 729 in Prompt. EETS., p. 600, and =fitten.= - -=phonascus,= a singing-master; ‘Why have you not, like Nero, a -_phonascus_?’, Lee, Theodosius, iv. 2 (Marcian). Misprinted _phenascus_ -in The Modern British Drama, i. 329. L. _phonascus_ (Suetonius); Gk. -φωνασκός, one who exercises the voice; from φωνή, voice. - -=phrenitis,= a kind of frenzy or madness. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. -3 (Corax). Gk. φρενῖτις, delirium. - -=phrontisterion,= a place for thinking or studying, an academy or -college. Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3. 10; _phrontisterium_; Randolph, Muses’ -Looking-glass, iii. 1 (Banausus). Gk. φροντιστήριον, a place for -meditation, a thinking-shop (Aristophanes). - -=physnomy, fisnomy,= face, ‘physiognomy’. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3 -(Hazard); _fisnomy_, All’s Well, iv. 5. 42. - -=picardil;= see =pickadil.= - -=picaro,= a rogue, knave. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro); Pickaro, -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. _picaro_, ‘a rogue, a -scoundrel, a base fellow’ (Stevens). - -=picaroon, pickaroon,= a rogue. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Manly); -‘Are you there indeed, my little Picaroon?’, Otway, Atheist, ii. 1; a -pirate, ‘A French Piccaroune’, Capt. Smith, Virginia, v. 184 (NED.); a -small pirate ship, Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, v. 5 (Brazen). - -=pick,= to waste away, to droop. Middleton, Chaste Maid, i. 1. In prov. -use in Lincoln, S. Midlands, and south-west counties, see EDD. (s.v. -Peak, vb.^{2}). See =peak= (2). - -=pick,= to throw, Coriolanus, i. 1. 204; ‘I pycke with an arrow, _Je -darde_’, Palsgrave. - -=pick:= in phr. _to pick mood_, to pick a quarrel; ‘Whoso therat pyketh -mood’, Skelton, Against the Scottes, Epilogue, 21. - -=pick:= _picked_, refined, exquisite, fastidious, King John, i. 1. 193; -_picking_, dainty, fastidious, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 198. - -=pick,= the spike in the middle of a buckler, Porter, Two Angry Women, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 318. Also, a toothpick, Fletcher, Mons. -Thomas, i. 2 (Sebastian). - -=pickadil, pickadel,= the expansive collar fashionable in the early part -of the 17th cent. Blount, Glossogr., 1656; Beaumont and Fl., Pilgrim, -ii. 2 (1 Outlaw). Spelt _picardill_, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 -(Pug); Underwood (NED.). See =peccadillo.= - -=pickaroon;= see =picaroon.= - -=picke-devant, pickadevant,= a short beard trimmed to a point. Heywood, -The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70. Also, a man with a picke-devant, -Heywood, Challenge, v. 1; vol. v, p. 68. F. _pique-devant_, an -expression only found in English. See Nares (s.v. Pike-devant). - -=pickeer,= to pillage, plunder; to practise piracy, Fuller, Worthies, -Hants (1662, ii. 10); to skirmish, reconnoitre, spelt _pickear_, -Lovelace, Lucasta (Poems, 1864, ii. 203); to wrangle, spelt _pickere_, -Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 448. See NED. - -=pickle,= to deal with in a minute way, lit. to pick in a small way. -Ascham, Scholemaster (Arber, 158). Hence _pickling_, trifling, paltry, -Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 2 (Pasiphilo). [R. L. Stevenson uses the word -‘to _pickle_’ in the sense of ‘to trifle’; see Letters (Sept. 6, 1888).] - -=pick-packe,= pick-a-back; ‘He gets him up on pick-packe’, B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, ii. 6 (Stage-direction); Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (260); -scene 2. 89 (W.); p. 156, col. 1 (D.). ‘Pick-pack’ (or ‘a pick-pack’) is -still in use in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Pick-a-back). The German word for -‘pick-pack’ is _Huckepack_. For numerous forms of this word see NED. - -=pickthank,= a flatterer, a mischief-maker. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 25; -Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Evadne); _pickthank tales_, -tales told to curry favour, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lacy). In -prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). - -=pick-tooth,= a toothpick. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 1 -(Fallace). In use in Glouc. (EDD.). - -=piddle,= to work or act in a trifling, paltry way. Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. -Arber, 117); Fletcher, Wit without M. i. 2; to trifle or toy with one’s -food, J. Dyke, Sel. Serm. (1640, p. 292); Pope, Horace’s Satires, ii. 2. -137. In common use in this sense in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Piddle, vb.^{1} 1). - -=pie, pye,= a magpie. 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 48. In common prov. use (EDD.). - -=piece,= a piece of money of the value of 22 shillings. Pepys, Diary, -March 14, 1660 (N. S.). _A piece of eight_, the Spanish dollar of the -value of 8 reals, or about 4_s._ 6_d._, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii. -1. 6 (see Wheatley’s note); Alchemist, ii. 3 (Face). - -=piece,= a painting, a picture, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 4); Pepys, -Diary, Feb. 27, 1663 (N. S.). - -=pied,= variegated, parti-coloured. Spelt _pyed_, B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew); spelt _pide_, Milton, L’Allegro, 75 (ed. 1632). - -=pieton,= a foot-soldier; hence, a pawn at chess; ‘_Pietons_, or -fotemen’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 87, back, 6; ‘They [the pawns] be -all named _pietons_’, id., Game of Chesse, bk. iii, c. 1 (beginning). F. -‘_pieton_, a footman, also, a Pawn at Chess’ (Cotgr.). - -=pig,= sixpence (Cant); ‘Fill till’t be sixpence, And there’s my pig’, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (1 Boor). - -=pigeaneau,= a dupe, a gull. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, iv. 1 -(Marquis). F. _pigeonneau_, a young pigeon, a dupe; dimin. of _pigeon_. - -=pigeon-holes,= the name of a game; the same as =troll-my-dames,= q. v.; -‘Dice, cards, pigeon-holes’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Old -Foster); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 101; ii. 1. 3; in Hazlitt, xii. 120. - -=pigeon-livered,= applied to one incapable of anger; ‘I am -pigeon-livered and lack gall’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 605. A pigeon was supposed -to have no gall, and so to lack capacity for anger or resentment. ‘Sure -he’s a pigeon, for he has no gall’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 5 -(Castruchio). - -=pight,= _pt. t._ pitched; ‘Under Pomfret his proud Tents he pight’, -Drayton, Agincourt, 97; _ypight_, pp., ‘Underneath a craggy cliff -ypight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33; _pight_, Tr. and Cr. v. 10. 24. ME. -_pighte_, pt. t. of _picchen_; _y_)_pight_, pp., see Dict. M. and S. -(s.v. Picchen). - -=pigsnye,= a darling, a pet, commonly used as an endearing form of -address to a girl. Dryden, Tempest, iv. 3; Farquhar, Love and Bottle, i. -1. Spelt _pigges-nye_, Lyly, Euphues, 114. In Butler, Hud. (ii. 1. 560), -_Pigsneye_ occurs in the sense of a ‘dear little eye’. - -=pike:= in phr. _sold at a pike_, Kyd, Cornelia, v. 444 (not far from -end). Here Kyd translates from F. _vendre sous une pique_, which refers -to the L. phrase _venalis sub hasta_, ‘that can be sold by auction’. It -looks as if Kyd did not understand the allusion. - -=pike:= in phr. _on the pike_, ‘a-peak’; used of an anchor, when the -cable has been hove in so as to bring the ship just over it. Greene, -Looking Glasse, iii. 1. F. _à pic_, ‘perpendiculairement’ (Dict. de -l’Acad., 1762). - -=pilch,= to pilfer, to filch. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 39; ‘Pilche, -miche, _suffurari_’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. -(EDD.). - -=pilcher,= a term of abuse, prob. meaning one who ‘pilches’; it is -sometimes punningly connected with the word _pilchard_ (see below). B. -Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Fletcher, Wit without Money, iii. 4. - -=pilcher,= a pilchard. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4. 1; -Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 (Clause). - -=pilcher,= a scabbard. Romeo, iii. 1. 84. Not found elsewhere. - -=pilcrow,= a name for the paragraph-mark, printed as ¶. Tusser, -Husbandry, p. 2; spelt _peel-crow_, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 1 -(Lapet); ‘Pilcrow, paragraphus’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; ‘_Paragraphe_, -Pillcrow’, Cotgrave. Cp. ME. _pylcraft_ in a boke, ‘Asteriscus, -Paragraphus’ (Prompt.); _pargrafte_, paragraphus (Ortus Voc.). See Notes -on Eng. Etym., s.v. - -=pile,= the metal head of an arrow. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 337; head of a -dart, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 139; a Roman javelin, Dryden, Hind and -Panther, bk. ii, 161. L. _pilum_, the heavy javelin of the Roman -foot-soldier. - -=pile,= a small castle; ‘A little pretie pile or castle’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; ‘Certayne pylys and other strengthis’, Fabyan, -Chron., Pt. VII, fol. cxxxvii; repr. (1811), p. 512, l. 16. ME. _pile_, -a stronghold (P. Plowman, C. xxii. 366). See NED. (s.v. Pile, sb.^{2}). - -=pill,= to plunder, spoil, to commit depredation. Richard II, ii. 1. -246; Richard III, i. 3. 159; _to pill and poll_, Mirror for Mag. 467 -(Nares). - - =pilling,= plunder, spoliation. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 445. - _Pilling and polling_, J. Harrington, Prerog. Pop. Govt., ii. 2 - (ed. 1700, p. 332). See =poll.= - -=pill,= to strip. Merch. Ven. i. 3. 85; Lucrece, 1167. In common prov. -use in the sense of peeling, stripping off the outer skin, the rind or -bark, see EDD. (s.v. Pill, vb.^{1} 1). - -=pillowbeer,= a pillow-case. Locrine, iv. 4. 6; Middleton, Women beware -Women, iv. 2 (Sordido). ME. _pilwe-beer_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 694); -_bere_, a pillow-case (Boke Duchesse, 254). - -=pimp-whiskin,= a pimp. Ford, Fancies Chaste and Noble, i. 2 (Spadone). -See =whiskin.= - -=pin,= a small knot in wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 121. - -=pin,= a peg fixed in the very centre of a target. Hence, _to cleave the -pin_, to hit and split this peg, to make the best possible hit. L. L. L. -iv. 1. 138; Romeo, ii. 4. 15. - -=pinax,= a tablet, picture. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 32. Gk. -πίναξ, board. - -=pin-bouk,= some kind of bucket for liquids. Drayton, Moses, bk. iii, -165. OE. _būc_, pail. See Dict. (s.v. Bucket). - -=pindy-pandy,= a formula used as equivalent to _handy-dandy_, in the -game of choosing which hand a thing is hidden in. Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, iv. 5 (Firk). - -=piner, pyner,= a pioneer; ‘My piners eke were prest with showle and -spade’, Mirror for Mag., Aurel. Anton. Caracalla, st. 40; ‘He pyners set -to trenche’, id., Burdet, st. 70. See Dict. (s.v. Pioneer). See =pion.= - -=ping,= to urge, push. Mirror for Mag., Fulgentius, st. 9. Still in use -in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Ping, vb.^{2} 1). OE. _pyngan_, to -prick, L. _pungere_. - -=pingle,= to work in an ineffectual way, to trifle, to ‘piddle’. Women’s -Rights, 152 (NED). Hence, _pingler_, a trifler, Two Angry Women, ii. 2 -(Coomes); Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 109). ‘Pingle’ is in prov. use in -this sense in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pingle, -vb.^{1} 2). Cp. Swed. dial. _pyngla_, to be busy about small matters -(Rietz). - -=pinion,= the name of an obsolete game at cards. Interlude of Youth, -(ed. 1849, p. 38). See NED. - -=pink,= to stab with any pointed weapon. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. -iv. 2; a stab with a rapier or dagger, Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1 -(Fulgoso). Low G. _pinken_, to strike (Schambach). - -=pink,= a sailing vessel. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. See Nares -and NED. Du. _pinck_, ‘a pinke or a fishers boate; a sounding barke’ -(Hexham). - -=pink,= to contract, make small (the eyes). Heywood, Spider and Fly -(Nares); contracted small (said of the eyes), ‘Plumpie Bacchus with -pinke eyne’, Ant. and Cl. ii. 7. 121. Du. _pincken_, to shut the eyes -(Hexham). - - =pinkany,= a small, narrow, blinking eye; a tiny or dear little - eye; ‘Those Pinkanies of thine’, Field, Woman a Weathercock, iv. - 2 (Wagtail). Applied to a girl, usually as a term of endearment, - Porter, Angry Women, iii. 2 (Philip). - - =pink-eyed,= having small, narrow, or half-closed eyes; ‘Maids - . . . that were pinke-eied and had verie small eies they termed - _Ocellæ_’, Holland, Pliny, xi. 335; spelt _pinky-eyed_, Kyd, - Soliman, v. 3. 7 (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, v. 359). A Lanc. word, see - EDD. (s.v. Pink, adj.^{1} 4). - -=pinnace,= a go-between, in love affairs. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Overdo). A _fig._ sense of ‘pinnace’, a small attendant vessel. - -=pinner,= a ‘pinder’, one who impounds stray cattle. Greene, -George-a-Greene, i (Bettris, 1. 236); ed. Dyce, p. 256, col. 1. ‘Pinder’ -(or ‘pinner’) is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Pind, vb. 1 (1)). ME. _pyndare_ of beestys, ‘inclusor’ (Prompt. -EETS. 336, see note, no. 1638). See Dict. (s.v. Pinder). - -=pinson,= a thin-soled shoe of some kind, Withal (ed. 1608, p. 211); -‘Pynson, sho, _caffignon_’, Palsgrave. ME. _pynson_, sok (Prompt. EETS., -see note, no. 1642). - -=pintas, las,= the Spanish name for the card-game called basset; ‘_A las -Pintas_, (playing) at basset’, Adventures of Five Hours, iv. 1 (Diego); -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 265. Span. _pintas_, basset; pl. of _pinta_, -‘among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens). - -=pion,= to dig, trench, excavate. Hence _pyonings_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. -10. 63. _Pioned_, trenched, Tempest, iv. 1. 64. OF. _pioner_, to dig -(Godefroy). See =piner.= - -=pip,= a spot on a card; hence, a unit; ‘Thirty-two years old, which is -a pip out’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Bellapert). The allusion is -to a game called _One-and-thirty_, which differs from 32 by 1. So also -in Shirley, Love’s Cruelty, i. 2 (Hippolito). See =peep.= - -=pipple,= to blow with a gentle sound (of the wind). Skelton, A -Replycacion, ed. Dyce, i. 207; id., Garl. of Laurell, 676. Hence -‘pippler’, a name for the aspen in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Pipple). - -=pique,= a depraved or diseased appetite. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 809. L. -_pica_, a depraved appetite; a F. form (not found). - -=pirrie, pirry,= a blast of wind, a squall. Elyot, Governour, i. 17, § -5; spelt _perry_, Look about You, sc. 29 (Richard), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vii. 482. ME. _pyry_, a storm of wind (Prompt. EETS., see note, -no. 1643). - -=pishery-pashery,= trifling talk. Dekker, Shoem. Holiday, iii. 5 (Eyre); -finery, fallals, id., v. 4 (Eyre). - -=pist!,= hist!, an interjection, to draw attention. Middleton, No Wit -like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). - -=pistolet,= a name given to certain foreign gold coins, ranging in value -from 5_s._ 10_d._ to 6_s._ 8_d._ Proclamation, May 4, 1553 (NED.); in -later times = pistole, worth about 16_s._ 6_d._ ‘Each Pistolet exchang’d -at sixteen shillings six pence’, Heylin, Examen Hist. i. 268 (NED.); B. -Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); also called _a double pistolet_, -Fletcher, Span. Curate, i. 1 (Jamie). - -=pitch,= a vertex, head; also, a projecting part of the body, the -shoulder, the hip; ‘His manly pitch’ (used for both shoulders, -collectively), Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 1. 11. - -=pitch and pay,= to pay down money at once, pay ready money. Hen. V, ii. -3. 51; Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable; i. 2 (Blurt); Mirror for Mag., -Warwicke, st. 14; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 24. - -=plaça,= a square, parade, public walk. Shirley, The Brothers, i. 1 -(Carlos). Span. _plaça_ (_plaza_). - -=plackerd,= the forepart of a woman’s petticoat; ‘For fear of the -cut-purse, on a sudden she’ll swap thee into her plackerd’, Greene, -Friar Bacon, i. 3. See NED. (s.v. Placard). - -=placket,= an apron or petticoat: hence _transf._ the wearer of a -petticoat, a woman, Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 22; the opening or slit at the -top of a skirt or petticoat, King Lear, iii. 4. 100; a pocket in a -woman’s skirt, ‘Which instrument . . . was found in my Lady Lambert’s -placket’, Hist. Cromwell (NED.). - -=plage,= a region, country. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.); 2 -Tamb. i. 1 (Orcanes). F. _plage_, region (Cotgr.). L. _plaga_, a region. - -=plaice-mouth,= a mouth drawn on one side. Spelt _plaise-mouth_, B. -Jonson, Silent Woman, iii. 2 (Epicene). - -=plaie,= wound. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 2. F. _plaie_; L. _plaga_. - -=plain,= to complain. King Lear, iii. 1. 39; ‘_Plaindre_, to plaine,’ -Cotgrave. - -=plain,= to plane. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 322. Hence, _Plainer_, a -carpenter’s plane, id., v. 314. - -=plain-song,= a simple melody. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41; hence, ‘the -plain-song cuckoo’, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. - -=planch,= to board. _Planched_, covered with boards, Meas. for M. iv. 1. -30; _to plaunche on_, to clap on (something broad and flat), Gammer -Gurton’s Needle, i. 2. 12. F. _planche_, a plank. - -=plancher,= a wooden floor, a flooring of planks; used in pl. Arden of -Fev. i. 1. 42; also boards (of a ship); Drayton, Pol. iii. 272. F. -_plancher_, ‘a boorded floor’ (Cotgr.). - -=plange,= to lament, grieve. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, p. 25, st. 31. -L. _plangere_. - -=planipedes,= pantomimes or entertainments with dancing; ‘The common -players of interludes called _Planipedes_, played barefoote vpon the -floore’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 15; p. 49. L. _planipedes_ -(Juvenal). - -=plant,= the sole of the foot; ‘Knotty legs, and plants of clay’, B. -Jonson, Masque of Oberon, song 5. F. _plante_, the sole. L. _planta_. - -=plasma,= a form, mould, shape; ‘There is a Plasma, or deepe pit’, -Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes, in a mad speech); vol. iii, p. 424. -Gk. πλάσμα, anything formed or moulded. - -=platic,= an astrological term used of an ‘aspect’ of a planet (NED.). -B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Spelt _platique_, Fletcher, -Bloody Brother, iv. 2. Med. L. _platicus_, late Gk. πλατυκός, -ικός, -broad, diffuse. - -=plaudite, plaudity,= shout of applause, approval; ‘Cristall -plaudities’, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. L. _plaudite_, applaud -ye. - -=play-pheer,= playfellow. Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 3. 103. See =fere.= - -=pleasant,= to render pleasant; ‘Some pleasant their lives’, Manchester -Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 51); ‘This tedious mortality, pleasant it how man -can’, id., p. 62. - -=plight,= to fold, pleat, to intertwine into one combined texture. -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 7; _plighted_, folded, Milton, Comus, 301; -_pleated_, King Lear, i. 1. 283 (Quarto edd.); Greene, Description of -the Shepherd, 21 (Dyce, 304). ME. _plyte_, to fold (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -ii. 1204). Anglo-F. _plit_ (Gower) = Norm. F. _pleit_ (Burguy), whence -E. _plait_. See Dict. (s.v. Plait). - -=plompe,= a cluster, clump, mass; ‘A plompe of wood’, Morte Arthur, leaf -30, back, 19; bk. i, c. 16 (end); _plompes_, troops, bands; Gascoigne, -Fruites of Warre, st. 129. See =plump.= - -=plotform,= a scheme, design, plan, contrivance. Grim the Collier, ii. 1 -(Clinton); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 423; a level place constructed -for mounting guns, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, Works (ed. 1870, ii. 304). -See Dict. (s.v. Plot), and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 219. - -=plough.= The parts of a plough are enumerated in Gervase Markham’s -Complete Husbandman (1614), quoted in Notes to Fitzherbert’s Husbandry, -p. 128, where they are fully explained. I merely enumerate them here. -(1) _Plough-beam_, a large and long piece of timber, forming an arch for -the other parts; (2) _The skeath_ (_sheath_), a piece of wood 2½ feet -long, mortised into the beam; (3) _Principal hale_, the left-handle; -also called _plough-tail_ or _plough-start_; (4) _Plough-head_ or -_share-beam_, about 3 feet in length; (5) _Plough-spindles_ or -_rough-staves_, two round pieces of wood that joined the handles -together; (6) _Righthand-hale_, or _plough-stilt_, smaller and weaker -than the other; (7) _Plough-rest_, a small piece of wood, fixed to the -plough-head and righthand-hale; (8) _Shelboard_, i.e. shield-board, a -strong board on the right side of the plough; (9) _Coulter_, a long -piece of iron in the front, to cut the soil; (10) _Share_; (11) -_Plough-foot_, or _plough-shoe_, before the coulter, to regulate the -depth of the furrow. The ploughman also had with him a _plough-mall_ or -small mallet; and, originally, a _plough-staff_ or _aker-staff_, for -clearing the mould-board when required. - -=plough-staff,= an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or -clearing it of weeds. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 21. In use in Scotland -and the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Plough, II (49)). - -=Plowden.= Proverb: _The case is altered, quoth Plowden._ For various -explanations see Grose, Local Proverbs (ed. 1790), Shropshire, and Ray, -Proverbial Phrases (under A), ed. Bohn, 147. - -=ployden;= ‘A stub-bearded John-a-Stile with a ployden’s face’, Marston, -Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Crispinella). Not explained. - -=pluck:= in phr. _to pluck down a side_, in card-playing, to cause the -loss or hazard of the side or party with which a person plays. Beaumont -and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, ii. 1 (Dula). See Nares. - -=plumb,= perpendicularly; ‘Plumb down he drops’, Milton, P. L. ii. 933. -In prov. use in various parts of England, also in U.S.A., see EDD. (s.v. -Plum, adj.^{1}). F. ‘_à-plomb_, perpendicularly, downright’ (Cotgr.). -See Dict. (s.v. Plump). - -=plume,= said of a hawk, to pluck feathers from a bird; also, to pluck, -despoil. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ample); Dryden, Absalom, 920. - -=plummet,= a leaden bullet, hurled from a sling. North, tr. of Plutarch, -M. Antonius, § 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 190); a sounding-lead, used _fig._ -a criterion of truth, ‘Lay all to the Line and Plummet of the written -word’, Gilpin, Demonology, iii. 17. 140 (NED.). - -=plump,= a troop, flock; ‘A whole plump of rogues’, Beaumont and Fl., -Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Guard); ‘A plump of fowl’, Dryden, tr. of -Aeneid, xii. 374; Theodore and Honoria, 316. See Nares. See =plompe.= - -=plunge,= to overwhelm (with trouble or difficulty); ‘(He) was so -plunged and gravelled with three lines of Seneca’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Med. i. 21. - -=plunge,= a critical situation, crisis, a dilemma. Greene, Looking -Glasse, iii. 2. Phr.: _to put to a plunge_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. -1 (Sir Alexander). ‘_Il est au bout de son breviaire_, he is at a plunge -or nonplus’, Cotgrave (s.v. Breviaire). Cp. the Northants phrase, ‘I was -put to a plunge’, see EDD. (s.v. Plunge, sb.^{1}). - -=Plymouth cloak,= a cudgel or staff, carried by one who walked _in -cuerpo_, and thus facetiously assumed to take the place of a cloak; -‘Shall I walke in a Plimouth Cloake (that’s to say) like a rogue, in my -hose and doublet, and a crabtree cudgell in my hand?’, Dekker, Honest -Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo); ‘A Plymouth cloak, that is, a cane or -staff’, Ray’s Proverbs out of Fuller’s Worthies (ed. Bohn, 201); Grose, -Local Proverbs in Glossary, 1790. See Nares. - -=pocas palabras,= the Spanish for ‘few words’. Wonderfull Yeare 1603 -(ed. 1732, p. 46); _paucas pallabris_, Tam. Shrew, Induct. i. 5. Span. -_palabra_, Med. L. _parabola_, ‘verbum, sermo’ (Ducange); a parable, -similitude (Vulgate, in N. T.) See Stanford. - -=poinado,= a poniard. Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70; Return -from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio); ‘_Poinard_, or _Poinado_’, Phillips, -1658. - -=poinet, poynet,= an ornament for the wrist, a wristlet or bracelet. J. -Heywood, The Four P’s, in Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 10, col. 2; Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 351 (altered to _poignet_). F. _poignet_, wrist; _poing_, -the fist. See NED. - -=point,= a tagged lace for attaching hose to the doublet, and for -fastening various parts where buttons are now used. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. -49. Very common, and the perpetual subject of jokes and quibbles; 1 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 238; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 25. - -=point:= in phr. _point of war_, a short strain sounded as a signal by a -trumpeter. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 52; Greene, Orl. Fur., ed. Dyce, p. 94; -Peele, Edw. I, i (Longshanks); ed. Dyce, p. 378. See NED. (s.v. Point, -sb.^{1} 9). - -=point:= in phr. _to point_ [F. _à point_], to the smallest detail, -completely; ‘Armed to point’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 16; Tempest, i. 2. -194; ‘Are ye all fit?’ 1 _Gent._ ‘To point, sir’, Fletcher, Chances, i. -4. 2. - -=point-device= (=-devyse=)=,= completely, perfectly, in every point. -Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 176; extremely precise, scrupulous to the point of -perfection, As You Like It, iii. 2. 401. ME. _poynt devys_: ‘Her nose -was wrought at poynt devys’ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1215); Anglo F. _à -point devis_, or _devis à point_, arranged to a proper point or degree. -See NED. - -=pointed,= _pp._ appointed. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 12. - -=poise,= a weight (for exercise), a dumb-bell; ‘_Poyses_ made of -leadde’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 16, § 1; _poyse_, heavy -fall; Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 54. See =peise.= - -=poisure,= poise, balance, effect. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, -i. 1 (Valentine). - -=poking-stick, poker,= a stick or iron for setting the plaits of ruffs. -Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 228; Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iii. 2. 2. -_Poker_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront). - -=poldavy, polldavy,= a sort of coarse canvas; ‘_Poldavy_, or buckram’, -Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 54; Howell, Letters, vol. i, sect. 2, -let. 10 (1621). See Nares, and NED. Named from _Poldavide_, dep. -Finisterre, France; near Daoulas, whence E. _dowlas_ (Phil. Soc. Trans., -May, 1904). The name is Breton, meaning ‘David’s pool’. - -=poldron;= see =pouldron.= - -=pole-ax;= see =pollax.= - -=polehead,= a ‘poll-head’, a tadpole. Marston, What you Will, ii. 1 -(Quadratus); ‘_Cavesot_, a polehead, black vermine wherof frogs do -come’, Cotgrave. Still in common use in the North; in Banffsh. the form -is _powet_ (or _powit_); see EDD. (s.v. Powhead). ME. _polhevede_ (Gen. -and Ex., 2977). - -=polepennery,= extortion of pence; ‘To scrape for more rent is -polepennery’, Wily Beguiled, sc. ii (1st quarto, 1606). - -=politien,= a politician. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4, pp. -158, 159; _politians_, pl., Lyly, Sappho, i. 3. OF. _policien_, a -citizen, a politician (Godefroy). - -=poll,= to cut off the head of an animal, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. -112; to cut short the hair, Greene, Upst. Courtier, D. iij. b. (NED.); -to plunder by excessive rent-raising, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 29); _to -poll and pill_, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 148); Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. -6. - -=pollard,= an animal without horns, either one that has lost its horns, -or one of a hornless variety, used jocosely of a man who is not a -cuckold. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See Nares. - -=pollax, pole-ax,= a battle-axe; ‘At hande strokes they use not swordes -but pollaxes’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 141); a halbert carried by the -body-guard of a king or great personage, ‘_Bec de faulcon_, a fashion of -Pollax borne by the Peeres of France, and by the French King’s -Pensioners’, Cotgrave; ‘_Mazzière_, a halberdier or poleaxe man, such as -the Queene of England’s gentlemen pencioners are’, Florio. - -=pollenger,= a pollard tree. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 13. - -=poller,= one who exacts fees, an extortioner. Spelt _poler_, Bacon, -Essay 56, 4. - -=poll-hatchet,= a poll-axe; hence, one who wields a poll-hatchet; a term -of abuse or contempt. Spelt _powle-hatchett_, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -613; and see Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 23, l. 29. - -=polony,= a sausage made at Bologna, Italy. In Lord Cromwell, iii. 2. -131, Hodge, writing from Bologna, says that he is ‘among the Polonyan -Sasiges’. See Dict. - -=pomeroy,= a variety of apple. Spelt _pom-roy_, Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, c. 1, § 2. See NED. - -=pomewater,= a large juicy kind of apple. L. L. L. iv. 2. 4; Dekker, Old -Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow); ‘When a pome-water, bestucke with a few -rotten cloves shall be more worth than the honesty of a hypocrite’, Vox -Græculi (in Brand’s Pop. Antiq., ed. 1848, i. 17). A Hampshire word -(EDD.). - -=pommado,= an exercise of vaulting on a horse with one hand on the -pommel of the saddle. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury), -where we find ‘the whole, or half the pommado’. Marston has _pommado -reverso_, said to mean the vaulting _off_ the horse again. If so, ‘the -whole pommado’ may refer to both actions, and ‘the half pommado’ to one -of them. F. _pommade_, ‘the pommada, a trick in vaulting’ (Cotgr.). - -=pompillion,= an ointment made of the buds of the black poplar; -‘_Populeon_, Popilion or Pompillion’, Cotgrave. OF. _populeon_ -(Godefroy, Compl.). See NED. - -=pompillion,= a term applied in contempt to a man. Fletcher, Women -Pleased, iii. 4 (Bartello). Not found elsewhere. See below. - -=pompion,= a pumpkin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 41; B. Jonson, Time -Vindicated (Fame); ‘_Pompon_, a pumpion or melon’, Cotgrave. A Lanc. -word for a pumpkin, see EDD. (s.v. Pumpion). Du. _pompoen_, ‘a pompion, -pumpkin’ (Sewel). - -=pon,= a pan, hollow, basin. Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 169. The pronunc. of -‘pan’ in the north-west of England (EDD.). - -=ponder,= weight. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii (Alcmena); vol. iii, p. -102; a heavy blow, id. (Hercules), p. 142. - -=pontifical,= bridge-making. Milton, P. L. x. 313. L. _pons_ (bridge) + -_facere_ (to make). It may be noted that L. _pontifex_ (a pontiff) has -probably nothing to do with bridge-making. See NED. - -=pooke;= see =pouke.= - -=poop-noddie, pup-noddie,= cony-catching, the art of befooling the -simpleton; ‘I saw them close together at Poop-noddie, in her closet’, -Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 242; see NED. - -=poor-john,= a coarse fish (usually hake), salted and dried. Temp. ii. -2. 28; Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 15. See EDD. (s.v. -Poor). - -=pooter,= the same as =poting-stick,= q.v. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix, -ch. 47, st. 8. - -=pope-holy,= sanctimonious, hypocritical. Foxe, Martyrs (ed. 2, 205 b, -2); _pop-holy_, Skelton, Replycacion, 247; Garland of Laurell, 612. ME. -_pope-holy_ (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 284). In Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 415, -_Pope-Holy_ is used in the sense of ‘Hypocrisy’, being the translation -of the _papelardie_ of the French original. - -=popering,= a kind of pear, brought from Poperinghe in W. Flanders. -Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 2 (Y. Chartley); _a poprin pear_, -Romeo, ii. 1. 38. - -=popler,= porridge (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -_Poppelars_, porrage, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; _popplar of yarum_, mylke -porrage, id., p. 86; _poplars of yarrum_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 -(Song). - -=popping,= chattering; said of one whose talk is mere popping sound; -foolish; ‘A poppynge fole’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 234; ‘Pratynge -poppynge dawes’, id., Replycacion, 39. - -=popular,= populous; ‘How doth the popular City sit solitary!’, Jackson, -True Evang., T. iii. 184; ‘The most popular part of Scotland’, Kirkton, -Church History, 215 (EDD.). See NED., and Davies, Suppl. Gl. - -=porcpisce,= a ‘porpoise’. Dryden, All for Love, iv. 1 (Ventidius); -_porpice_, Drayton, Polyolb. v. 235. See Dict. - -=porpentine,= a porcupine. Hamlet, i. 5. 20; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 363; -used by Shaks. seven times, in four of these as the sign of an inn; -Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 31). See NED. - -=porret, poret,= a young leek or onion. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 31; -‘_Porret_, yong lekes’, Palsgrave. F. _porrette_, ‘maiden leek, bladed -leek, unset leek’ (Cotgr.). Norm. F. _poret_, see Moisy (s.v. Porrette). - -=port,= to carry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Compass); ‘Ported -spears’, Milton, P. L. iv. 980. - -=port,= deferential attendance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 517; state, -splendid manner of living, Merch. of Ven. i. 1. 124. - -=port,= the gate of a city. Coriolanus, i. 7. 1; v. 6. 6; Great Bible of -1539, Ps. ix. 14 (Prayer-book); Beaumont and Fl., Maid in the Mill, i. -1. 2; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 1 (Sapritius). F. _porte_, a gate. - -=portague,= a Portuguese gold coin, worth varying according to time -between £3 5_s._ and £4 10_s._ B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 3. Spelt -_portigue_, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 5. 5; _portegue_, Phillips, Dict., -1658; pl. _portagues_, Strype, Eccl. Mem. (ed. 1721, i. 18. 138); also, -_porteguez_, Davenant, News fr. Plymouth (NED.). The _s_ (_z_) of Span. -_Portugues_, Pg. _Portuguez_, ‘Portuguese’, was taken as a plural, hence -the English forms _portegue_, &c. - -=portance,= carriage, bearing, deportment. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 232; -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; ii. 3. 21. - -=portcannons,= ornamental rolls or ‘canions’ round the legs of breeches; -see =canion.= Butler, Hud. i. 3. 926. - -=portcullis,= an Elizabethan coin, stamped with a portcullis. B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Shift). - -=porter’s lodge,= the place where great men used to exercise summary -punishment upon their servants; ‘To the porter’s lodge with him!’, -Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 2 (Don Philippo); Massinger, Duke of -Milan, iii. 2 (Graccho). - -=portesse,= a portable breviary which can be taken out of doors. BIBLE, -Translators’ Preface, 9; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. 1882, 77). ME. -_portos_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1321); _portos_, ‘portiforium’ (Prompt. -EETS. 342, see note, no. 1662). OF. _portehors_ (Godefroy), Church L. -_portiforium_ (Ducange). See Dict. - -=portmantua,= a ‘portmanteau’. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 (Mawworm). - -=port-sale,= public sale to the highest bidder; ‘The soldiers making -portsale of their service to him that would give most’, North, tr. of -Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 18 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 124); ‘Persons were sold -out-right in port-sale under the guirland’ (_sub corona veniere)_, -Holland, Livy, xli. 1103; see NED. (s.v. Port, sb.^{2}). - -=possede,= to possess. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 3, § 2. - -=possess,= to put one in possession of a fact. Meas. for M. iv. 1. 44; -Merch. of Ven. i. 3. 65; King John, iv. 2. 41. - -=post,= as set up before the door of a sheriff or magistrate. Posts were -used to fix proclamations on; and were sometimes painted anew when a new -magistrate came into office; ‘A sheriff’s post’, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 157; -‘Worship, . . . for so much the posts at his door should signifie’, -Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 12. - -=post,= a messenger, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 100; v. 1. 46. Also, a -post-horse, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 40. Hence, _to post_, to go with speed, -hasten, Richard II, i. 1. 56; iii. 4. 90; v. 5. 59; ‘Thousands . . . -post o’er land and ocean without rest’, Milton, Sonnet xix; _post over_, -to hurry over, treat with negligence, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 255. - -=post and pair,= a card-game, played with three cards each, wherein much -depended on _vying_, or betting on the goodness of the cards in your own -hand. The best hand was three aces; then three kings, queens, &c. If -there were no threes, the highest pairs won; or the highest game in the -three cards. B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); ‘The thrifty and right -worshipful game of Post and Pair’, id., Masque of Christmas (Offering). -See Nares. - -=postil,= an explanatory note or comment on a word or passage in the -Bible. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 2 (ed. Arber, 23); _postill_, to -annotate, Bacon, Henry VIII (ed. Lumby, 193). ME. _postille_ (Wyclif, -Prol. 1 Cor.); see NED. Mod. L. _postilla_, a gloss on the Bible -(Ducange). - -=post-knight,= a knight of the post, a notorious perjurer. A Knack to -know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 538. See =knight of the post.= - -=posy,= a short motto, orig. a line or verse of ‘poesy’, inscribed -within a ring, on a knife, &c. Hamlet, iii. 2. 162; Middleton, Widow, i. -1 (Francisco); a bunch of flowers, Marlowe, Passionate Sheph. iii. See -Dict. - -=pot.= In the expressions _to the pot_, or _to go to pot_, or _to go to -the pot_, the reference is to the cooking-pot; ‘Your poor sparrows . . . -go to the pot for’t’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 37); _to the -pot_, to destruction, Coriolanus, i. 4. 47; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. -389). - -=potargo,= ‘botargo’, cake made of the roe of the sea-mullet. Fletcher, -Sea-Voyage, iv. 3 (Master). Prov. _poutargo_, ‘caviar’ (Mistral, -Calendal). See Dict. (s.v. Botargo); also Stanford. - -=potch,= to poach an egg. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (P. jun.). - -=potch,= to thrust. Coriolanus, i. 10. 15. Still in use in Warw. in this -sense. See EDD. (s.v. Poach.) - -=potestate,= chief magistrate. Morte Arthur, bk. v, c. 8; p. 174, l. 30; -pl., Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 3 (Damon). - -=pot-gun,= used contemptuously for a small fire-arm; ‘How! fright me -with your pot-gun?’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iv. 4 -(Norandine). - -=poting-stick,= a piece of wood, bone, or iron, for adjusting the pleats -of a ruff. Marston, Malcontent, v. 3 (Maquerelle); Yorkshire Tragedy, i. -74. OE. _potian_, to push, thrust. - -=potshare,= a potsherd. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 37. In use in Lonsdale, -Lancashire, see EDD. (s.v. Pot, 17 (65)). - -=pottle,= half a gallon, or two quarts. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 -(Roger); _a pottell oyle_ (i.e. of oil); Naval Accounts of Henry VII, p. -16. ‘Pottle’ (a measure of two quarts) is still in use in Cheshire -(EDD.). - -=pouke, pooke,= a ‘puck’, demon, goblin; ‘Chymæra, that same pooke’, -Golding, Metam. vi. 646; ‘Nor let the Pouke nor other evill sprights -. . . Fray us’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 341. ‘Pouk’ (‘pook’), a -mischievous fiend, still in use in Sussex and Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. -Puck, sb.^{1}). ME. _pouke_: ‘I wene that knyght was a pouke’ (Coer de -Leon, 566); OE. _pūca_ (Napier’s OE. Glosses, 23. 2). - -=pouke-bug,= for =puck-bug,= a malicious spectre. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, iii. 594. See =bug.= - -=pould,= bald-headed, or with lost hair. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 91. - -=pouldre,= to beat into powder or dust. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 12; to -spot, id., iii. 2. 25. OF. _pouldre_ (F. _poudre_). - -=pouldron, poldron,= a shoulder-plate; a piece of armour covering the -shoulder. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, c. 70, st. 13; Drayton, David -and Goliath. OF. espauleron, a shoulder-plate; _espaule_ (F. _épaule_), -shoulder. See NED. - -=poulter,= a dealer in poultry. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 19; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. From _poult_, a chicken. - -=poulter’s measure,= poulterer’s measure; a fanciful name for a metre -consisting of lines of 12 and 14 syllables alternately, common in Surrey -and Gascoigne. See Gascoigne’s Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 39). - -=poult-foot, powlt-foot,= a club-foot, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 97); B. -Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 7. See NED. (s.v. Polt-foot). - -=Poultry,= the Counter prison in the Poultry, London. Middleton, Phœnix, -iv. 3 (1 Officer); ‘Some four houses west from this parish church of St. -Mildred is a prison-house pertaining to one of the sheriffs of London, -and is called the Compter in the Poultrie’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. -99). - -=pounce,= to ornament (cloth, &c.) by punching small holes or figures; -also, to cut the edges into points and scallops, to jag. ‘A . . . cote, -garded and _pounced_’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 3, § 1; -Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 508. Cognate with Norm. F. _ponçon_, ‘poinçon, -instrument de fer ou d’acier servant à percer’ (Moisy). - -=pouncet-box,= 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 38; a Shaks. term for a small box for -perfumes, with a perforated lid. It may be for _pounced box_, from -_pounce_, to perforate. See above. - -=pouncing,= the action of powdering the face with a cosmetic, ‘Pouncings -and paintings’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1 (Valentine); -Knight of Malta, ii. 1 (Norandine). See NED. (s.v. Pounce, vb.^{3} 3). - -=pouned,= impounded, shut up (as horses) in a pound; ‘Married once, a -man is . . . _poun’d_’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, iv. 1 (Novall jun.). Cp. -_pounded_; ‘fairly pounded’ (i.e. married), Colman, Jealous Wife, ii. 1 -(Sir H. Beagle). - -=powder,= to sprinkle with salt, to salt. 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 112. Hence -_Powder-beef_, salted beef, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3. 4. Also, -to sweat in a hot tub, to cure disease; Meas. for M. iii. 2. 62; -_powdering-tub_, Hen. V, ii. 1. 79. - -=practice,= scheming or planning, treachery. King Lear, ii. 4. 116; B. -Jonson, Catiline, iii. 5 (Catulus). See Nares. - -=practive,= practical, active, expert; ‘Most hardy practive knights’, -Phaer, Aeneid viii, 518. See NED. - -†=prage,= a spear or similar weapon; ‘Their blades they brandisht, and -keene _prages_ goared in entrayls Of stags’, &c., Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, i. 197. Is _prage_ a misreading of _prāge_ = _prange_ = _prong_ -(see NED.)? - -=praise,= to appraise, value. Puritan Widow, ii. 2. 14. In prov. use in -Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Prize, v.^{2} 1). - -=prancome,= a prank, trick. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (Hodge). Not -found elsewhere. - -=prank,= showily dressed; ‘Pretie pranck parnel’, Appius and Virginia, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Prank, 1). - -=prankie-cote,= pranky coat; a jocose term for a fellow full of pranks. -Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 117. Not found elsewhere. - -=prats,= buttocks (Cant); ‘_Prat_, a buttocke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 82; -‘Set me down here on both my prats’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Mort). - -=prease,= to press. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 19; to throng, F. Q. ii. 7. -44; a press, crowd, throng, F. Q. ii. 10. 25; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. -226. Gk. ὄχλος in Luke viii. 19 is rendered by _prease_ in Tyndale and -in Cranmer’s Bible, also in the Geneva and AV. versions. See Nares. This -is still the pronunc. of ‘press’ in Lanc. (EDD.). - -=precisian,= one who is very punctilious, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 5; -synonymous with ‘Puritan’, ‘He’s no precisian, that I’m certain of, Nor -rigid Roman Catholic’, 13. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3. 102; -Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1. 6. See Nares. - -=pree,= short for _pree thee_, _prithee_, i.e. I pray thee. Marston, -What you Will, iii. 2 (Holofernes). - -=pregnant,= pressing, compelling, cogent, convincing; hence, clear, -obvious. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 23; Othello, ii. 1. 241. OF. _preignant_, -pressing, pp. of _preindre_, L. _premere_, to press; cp. _preignantes -raisons_ (Godefroy, Compl.). - -=pregnant,= receptive, fertile, imaginative. Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 101; -ready, ‘The pregnant Hinges of the knee’, Hamlet, iii. 2. 66; phr. _a -pregnant wit_, Heywood, Maidenhead Lost, i. F. _prégnant_ (Rabelais), L. -_praegnans_. - -=prepense,= to consider beforehand, to premeditate. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 2; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 14. See -=purpense.= - -=presence:= phr. _in presence_, present; often, in reference to -ceremonial attendance upon a person of superior, esp. royal, rank, -Barclay, Cyt. and Uplondyshman (Percy Soc. 13); Richard II, iv. 1. 62; a -place prepared for ceremonial presence or attendance, a -presence-chamber, ‘The two great Cardinals Wait in the presence’, Hen. -VIII, iii. 1. 17; _chamber of presence_, Bacon, Essay 45. Evelyn, Diary, -Dec. 5, 1643. - -=presently,= immediately. Temp. iv. 42; v. 101; Two Gent. ii. 1. 30; ii. -4. 86; BIBLE, 1 Sam. ii. 16; Matt. xxvi. 53. See Bible Word-Book. Cp. F. -‘_presentement_, presently, quickly, anon, at an instant, speedily, -suddenly’ (Cotgr.). - -=president,= a precedent. Bacon, Essay, Of Great Place; Of Innovations; -Of Judicature. - -=press,= press-money, i.e. prest-money, as paid to an impressed soldier. -Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, i. 2 (Marcellius). - -=prest,= ready. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 160; Marl., 2 Tamburlaine, i. 1 -(Orcanes); Dido, iii. 2. 22. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _prest_ -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 917). F. ‘_prest_, prest, ready, full-dight; -prompt; quick’ (Cotgr.); now written _prêt_. - -=Prester John,= the name given in the Middle Ages to an alleged -Christian priest and king originally supposed to reign in the extreme -East, beyond Persia and Armenia; but from the 15th cent. generally -identified with the King of Ethiopia or Abyssinia (NED.). ‘I will fetch -you a tooth-picker now from the farthest inch of Asia; bring you the -length of Prester John’s foot’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 276; Dekker, Old -Fortunatus, ii. 1 (near end); ‘The great Christian of Æthiopia, vulgarly -called Prester, Precious or Priest-John’, Sir T. Herbert, Travels, 130. -For the history of the subject see Col. Yule’s article in Encycl. Brit. -xix. 715. See Stanford. - -=prestigiatory,= relating to ‘prestigiation’, juggling, deceptive, -delusive; ‘The art prestigiatory’, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7; ii. 3. - -=prestigious,= practising juggling or legerdemain, deceptive, illusory; -‘That inchantresse . . . by prestigious trickes in sorcerie’, Dekker, -Whore of Babylon (Wks. 173, ii. 195); ‘Prestigious guiles’, Heywood, -Dial. 18 (Minerva), vi. 250. Late L. _praestigiosus_, full of deceitful -tricks; _praestigium_, an illusion, _praestigiae_, juggler’s tricks; cp. -F. _prestiges_, ‘deceits, impostures, juggling tricks’ (Cotgr.). See -Dict. (s.v. Prestige). - -=pretence, pretense,= an assertion of a right; a claim; ‘Spirits that in -our just pretenses arm’d Fell with us’, Milton, P. L. ii. 825; an -expressed aim, intention, purpose or design, Two Gent. iii. 1. 47; -Winter’s Tale, iii. 2. 18. - -=pretenced, pretensed,= intended, purposed, designed. More’s Utopia (ed. -Lumby, 8). Late L. _praetensus_, for _praetentus_, pp. of _praetendere_. - -=pretend,= to stretch something over a person for defence; ‘Who . . . -his target alwayes over her pretended’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 19; to -put forward, set forth, ‘To that wench I pretend honest love’, -Middleton, Changeling, iv. 2. 91. L. _praetendere_, to stretch forth. - -=pretor,= one holding high civil office, a name for the Lord Mayor of -London. Westward Ho, i. 1 (Justiniano); Webster, Monuments of Honour, § -1. Med. L. _praetor_, ‘urbis praefectus’ (Ducange); ‘Meyr, _maior_, -_pretor_’ (Prompt. EETS. 284); cp. Cath. Angl. 225. - -=prevent,= to anticipate. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 61; Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 94; -BIBLE, Ps. xviii. 5; cxix. 148; 1 Thess. iv. 15, &c. See Bible -Word-Book. - -=preving, preeving,= proving, trial. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1366. See -=prieve.= - -=prick,= to spur; hence, to ride. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 1; _prickant_, -riding along, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Ralph). - -=prick,= the pin, or peg originally fixed in the very centre of the -_white_, or circular mark upon the butt shot at by archers. Also called -the _pin_, or _clout_. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 99; _at the prickes_, -beside the butts, id., p. 98. - -=prick,= the highest point, apex, acme; ‘To pricke of highest praise’, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 1; ‘The hygh prycke of vertue’, Udall, Erasmus, -Paraph. Matt. iii. 30; phr. _prick and praise_, very high praise, -Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Mrs. G.); ‘She had the prick and -praise for a prettie wench’, London Prodigal, iv. 1. 15. - -=prick-eared,= having sharply pointed, erect ears; _prycke-eared_, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 77; Hen. V, ii. 1. 44. - -=pricket,= a buck in his second year, having straight unbranched horns. -L. L. L. iv. 2. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 -(Ralph). ME. _pryket_, ‘capriolus’ (Prompt. EETS. 316; see notes, no. -1681). - -=prickle,= a wicker basket, for fruit or flowers. B. Jonson, Pan’s -Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 3). In Kent used for a basket of a certain -measure (EDD.). See NED. - -=prick-me-dainty,= finical in language and behaviour. Udall, Roister -Doister, ii. 3 (Trupeny). Still in use in Scotland (EDD.). - -=prick-song,= music written down or sung from notes. Romeo, ii. 4. 21; -Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41. ‘The nightingale’s song, being more regularly -musical than any other, was called _pricksong_’ (Nares). ‘Prick-song’ -used to mean counterpoint as distinguished from ‘plain-song’, mere -melody. - -=priefe, preife,= proof, trial. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 48; Mother -Hubberd, 408. _Priefe_ = F. _preuve_, as _people_ (pron. _peeple_) = F. -_peuple_. - -=prieve,= to prove. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 33; vi. 12. 18. _Prieve_ = OF. -_prueve_ (_preuve_); L. _próbat_, with the stress on the stem-syllable, -whereas _prove_ = F. _prouver_ (OF. _prover_) = L. _probáre_. - -=prig a prancer,= to steal a horse (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 -(Higgen); Audeley, Vagabonds, p. 4; Harman, Caveat, pp. 42, 43, 84. See -Dict. (s.v. Prig, 1). - -=prima-vista,= an old game at cards, resembling primero, and sometimes -identified with it. _Primviste_, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 13 (ed. -Arber, p. 33); ‘_Prima_ . . . a game at cardes, called Prime, Primero, -or Primavista’ (Florio). Ital. _prima vista_, ‘first seen, because he -that can first show such an order of cards wins the game’ (Minsheu). - -=primum mobile,= the ‘First Movement’, in the Ptolemaic system of -astronomy, the outer sphere (of a system of spheres), which turns round -from east to west once in 24 hours, carrying all the inner spheres with -it. Bacon, Essay 15, § 4; Essay 51 (end). In Dante the Primum Mobile is -called the Crystalline Heaven (‘Cielo Cristallino’), see Paget Toynbee’s -Dante Dictionary. - -=princox,= a pert saucy boy or youth, a conceited young fellow, Romeo, -i. 588. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Princock). - -=prink,= to set off, show off, trim; ‘To prink and prank, _exorno_’, -Coles, 1699. _Prinke it_, to show off, Gascoigne, Complaint of -Philomene, st. 21, p. 93. - -=print:= phr. _in print_, to the letter, exactly. L. L. L. iii. 173; -‘Gallant in print’ (i.e. a complete gallant), B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of -Humour, ii. 2 (Fallace). In prov. use in E. Anglia, Oxf., Sussex, see -EDD. (s.v. Print, 3). - -=prise, pryse,= the note blown at the death of a hunted beast; ‘Thenne -kynge Arthur blewe the pryse’, Morte Arthur, leaf 63. 25; bk. iv, c. 6. -F. ‘_prise_, the death or fall of a hunted beast’ (Cotgr.). - -=privado,= a favourite, intimate friend. Bacon, Essay 27, § 3. Span. -_privado_, a favourite (Stevens); Port. _privado_, ‘favori, homme en -faveur auprès d’un prince’ (Roquette). Med. L. _privatus_, ‘familiaris, -amicus’ (Ducange). - -=private,= private interest. B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 2 (last speech). - -=prize,= a contest, a match, a public athletic contest. Merch. Ven. iii. -2. 142; a fencing contest, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 2 -(Prentices); a turn in a match, ib., v. 2 (Infelice); phr. _to play a -prize_, to engage in a public contest, to play one’s part, Beaumont and -Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, v. 2 (Lieutenant); Massinger, New Way to Pay, iv. -2 (end); Titus Andron. i. 1. 399; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 1. Hence -_Prizer_, one who fights in a ‘prize’ or match, As You Like It, ii. 3. -8. F. ‘_prise_, a hold in wrestling; _estre aux prises_, to wrestle or -strive with one another’ (Cotgr.). - -=prize,= to offer as the price; to risk, stake venture. Greene, Friar -Bacon, iv. 3 (1784); scene 13. 41 (W.); p. 175, col. 1 (D.); to pay a -price for, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 5. - -=proake,= to ask. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 4; ‘To proke, -_procare_’, Levins, Manip. - -=proceed,= to advance, in one’s University course, from graduation as -B.A. to some higher degree; ‘He proceaded Bachelour of Divinitye in the -sayde Universitye of Cambridge’, Foxe, Bk. of Martyrs, 1297; Middleton, -A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim). - -=prochinge,= approaching. Sackville, Induction, line 1. Cp. Sc. -_prochy-madame_ (_Prush-madam!_), a call to cows, Ramsey, Remin. = F. -_approchez, Madame!_, see EDD. (s.v. Proochy). - -=procinct,= readiness, preparation; ‘Procinct of war’, Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xii. 89. L. _procintus_, readiness for action. - -=prodigious,= portentous, horrible. Mids. Night’s D. v. 419; King John, -iii. 1. 46. - -=proface,= much good may it do you. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30; Chapman, -Widow’s Tears, iv. 2 (Lysander). OF. _prouface_, ‘souhait qui veut dire, -bien vous fasse’ (Roquefort); _prou_, advantage + _fasse_ (L. _faciat_), -may it do. See Nares. - -=profligate,= routed. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 728. L. _profligare_, to strike -down, overthrow. - -=profound,= to fathom, to get to the bottom of. Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Med., pt. 1, § 13. - -=prog,= to search about, esp. for food; ‘Man digs . . . He never rests -. . . He mines and progs, though in the fangs of death’, Quarles, Job -xiv. 60; ‘Each in his way doth incessantly prog for joy’, Barrow, -Sermon, Rejoice evermore; ‘We need not cark or prog’, id. In prov. use -in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Prog, vb. 2). - -=progress,= the travel of the sovereign and court to visit different -parts of his dominions. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 9; -Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). _Progress-block_, a block for a new -fashion of hats, to be used on a progress, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at -several Weapons, iv. 1. - -=proin, proyne= (of a bird), to preen, prune, to trim or dress the -feathers with the beak. B. Jonson, Underwood, Celebr. Charis, v; -Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 59, p. 98. Spelt _prune_, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 36; Cymb. v. 4. 118; 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 98. ME. -_proynen_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 2011). OF. _poroign-_, pres. pt. stem of -_poroindre_, to trim feathers (Godefroy), L. _pro_ + _ungere_, to -anoint. - -=proine, proyne,= to prune trees. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 458; Bacon, -Essay 50; Drayton, Pol. iii. 358; Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 292; -Homilies 1, Falling fr. God (NED.); Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1. Norm. -F. _progner_ (Moisy), OF. _proignier_, to prune (Godefroy), Romanic -type, _protundiare_, deriv. of L. _rotundus_, round. Cp. F. _rogner des -branches, des racines_, ‘couper tout autour’ (Hatzfeld). See =royne.= - -=project,= to set forth, exhibit. Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 121; to presage, -‘When the south projects a stormy day’, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. i. -622. - -=projection,= the application of ‘the elixir’ to the metal which is to -be transmuted into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Mammon). - -=proller,= a prowler, wandering beggar. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. -490. - -=promont,= a headland. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero); -Drayton, Pol. iv. 7. 1. - -=promoter,= a professional accuser, a common informer; ‘Enter two -promoters’, Middleton, A Chaste Girl, ii. 2; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, -v. 2 (1 Madman); Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 11. See Cowell’s Interpreter. - -=prompture,= prompting, instigation. Meas. for M. ii. 4. 178. - -=prone,= a sermon delivered in commemoration of a founder or benefactor; -‘The founder . . . used to be commemorated in some Prone’, T. Hearne, -Remains (ed. Bliss, 655); ‘All founders and benefactors were duly and -constantly commemorated in their Prones’, id., 754. F. ‘_prone_, notice -given by a Priest unto his Parishioners . . . of the holy days, of Banes -of Matrimony, of such as desire to be relieved or prayed for, &c.’ -(Cotgr.). - -=proof,= proof-armour, strong defensive armour. Beaumont and Fl., -Chances, i. 10 (Fred.). _Proof-arm_, to put on armour of proof, Hum. -Lieutenant, ii. 3 (Leucippe). - -=proper,= handsome, fine. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 144; Much Ado, i. 3. 54; 1 -Hen. VI, v. 3. 37; ‘He was a proper childe’, BIBLE, Heb. xi. 23 (= -‘elegantem infantem’, Vulgate). Very common in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. -Proper, 5). - -=proper,= belonging exclusively to one, peculiar to one, Meas. for M. i. -1. 30; v. 1. 111; Shirley, Arcadia, iii. 1 (3 Rebel). - -=properties,= rude paintings for scenery, or stage appliances. Shirley, -Bird in a Cage, iii. 2 (Carlo); dresses for the actors, id., iv. 2 -(Donella). - -=property,= an implement, tool for a purpose. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 10; -Jul. Caesar, iv. 1. 40; to use as a tool, King John, v. 2. 72. - -=propice,= propitious, favourable. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 31; -_propise_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4. F. _propice_; L. -_propitius_. - -=propriety,= peculiarity, special nature. Bacon, Essay 3, § 2; property, -Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). F. ‘_proprieté_, a -property speciality in; the nature, quality, inclination of’ (Cotgr.). - -=prospective,= a magic glass or crystal in which it was supposed that -distant or future events could be seen, Bacon, Essay 26; _glasse -prospective_, Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 110. The word also means a -telescope, J. Taylor (Water Poet), Fennor’s Defence (NED.). Also, a -scene, a view, Porter, Angry Women, i. 1. 12. F. _prospective_, ‘the -prospective or optick art; also, a bounded prospect, a limited view’ -(Cotgr.). - -=prostrate,= one who is prostrate as a suppliant or a vanquished foe, -Otway, Don Carlos, i. 1. - -=protense,= extension, a story long drawn out. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 4. -L. _protensus_, drawn out; pp. of _protendere_, to draw forth. - -=protract,= delay, procrastination. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex). - -=provand,= food, provisions. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 267; Caxton, Reynard -(Arber, p. 60). Flemish, _provande_, Fr. _provende_, Romanic type -_provenda_ for eccles. L. _praebenda_, a daily allowance (Dict. Christ. -Antiq.). - -=provant,= provender, food. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Also, one who -deals in provisions, a sutler. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, i. 1 -(Nicodemus). Hence, _Provant_, of or belonging to the ‘provant’ or -soldier’s allowance, and therefore, of common or inferior quality, -Webster, Appius and Virg. i. 4; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 1 -(Bobadil). - -=provecte,= advanced; ‘Provecte in yeres’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i, c. 4, § 3. L. _provectus_, pp. - -=providence,= foresight, timely care. Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 -(Overreach); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 1. 5. - -=provincial garland,= a garland given to one who had added a _province_ -to the Roman Empire. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 2 (Calanthia). - -=prowest,= most valiant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; ii. 8. 18. OF. _prou_, -valiant (Bartsch). See Dict. (s.v. Prowess). - -=prune,= the fruit. _Stewed prunes_, often referred to as being a -favourite dish in brothels. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 93; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. -128; cp. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 5 (Eumenes). Spelt _proin_, in -_proin-stone_, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 500). - -=prune;= see =proin.= - -=pry, prie,= a local name of the small-leaved lime (_Tilia parvifolia_). -Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 15. An Essex word, see EDD. (sv. Pry, sb.^{1} -4). - -=ptrow,= _interj._, tut! an exclamation of contempt. Heywood, Jupiter -and Io, vol. vi, p. 267, l. 3. - -=Pucelle.= _Joan la Pucelle_, Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, 1 Hen. -VI, i. 4. 101; i. 6. 3. F. _pucelle_, a maid, virgin. - -=puckfist, puckfoist,= the fungus usually called a puff-ball. Beaumont -and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); B. Jonson, Poetaster, -iv. 5 (Tucca). Named after ‘Puck’. See =pouke.= A common prov. word -(EDD.). The ‘puff-ball’ was also called Bull-fist, Puff-fist, and -Wolf’s-fist, see Cotgrave (s.v. Vesse de loup); see NED. (s.v. Fist). - -=puckle,= a kind of bugbear or goblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 -(Hecate). OE. _pūcel_, a goblin (NED.), dimin. of _pūca_; see =pouke.= - -=puckling,= little goblin; used as a term of endearment by a witch. -Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii. 1 (Mawd.); vol. iv, p. 187. See above. - -=pudder,= pother, confusion, turmoil. King Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); -Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Romanello). A common prov. word (EDD.). - -=pudding-time, in,= in good time, lit. in time for dinner, as dinner -often began with pudding. Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. -219; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 865. Still in use; see EDD. - -=pudding tobacco,= tobacco compressed into sausage-like rolls. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury); Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. -2 (Laxton). - -=pudency,= modesty. Cymbeline, ii. 5. 11. L. _pudentia_, modesty. - -=pug,= to pull, to tug; ‘What pugging by the ear!’, Appius and Virginia, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. In prov. use from Warw. to Dorset, see -EDD. (s.v. Pug, vb.^{2}). - -=pug,= a bargeman; ‘In a Westerne barge, when with a good winde and -lustie pugges one may go ten miles in two daies’, Lyly, Endymion, iv. 2; -_Westerne pugs_, men who navigated barges down the Thames to London; -‘The Westerne pugs receiving money there [in plague time] have tyed it -in a bag at the end of their barge, and trailed it through the Thames’, -Dekker, Wonderfull Yeare (NED.). - -=puggard,= a thief (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). - -=pugging tooth,= Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 7. Meaning uncertain. Usually -taken as = thieving, cp. =puggard.= In Devon ‘pug-tooth’ means eye-tooth -(EDD.). Possibly there may be a play of words here: Autolycus’s hungry -eye-tooth (_pug_-tooth) set on edge tempts him to thieve (_pug_) ‘the -white sheet bleaching on the hedge’. - -=puke,= a superior kind of woollen cloth, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 78. M. Du. -_puuc_, _puyck_, name of the best sort of woollen cloth (A.D. 1420). Du. -_puyck_, woollen cloth (Hexham); _puik_, choice, excellent (Sewel). - -=puke,= the name of the colour formerly used for the cloth named ‘puke’. -‘_Pauonaccio cupo_, a deep darke purple or puke colour’ (Florio, ed. -1598); ‘Pewke, a colour, _pers_’, Palsgrave. See NED. - -=pull:= in phr. _to pull down a side_, ‘to cause the loss or hazard of -the side or party with which a person plays’ (Nares); ‘If I hold your -card, I shall pull down the side’, Massinger, Duke of Florence, iv. 2 -(Cozimo); id., Unnatural Combat, ii. 1 (Belgarde). - -=pullen,= poultry, chickens. Tusser, Husbandry, 87. 5; Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless); _poleyn_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -146. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia -(EDD.). OF. _poulain_, young of any animal (Hatzfeld). Med. L. -_pullanus_, see Ducange (s.v. Pullani). - -=pulpamenta,= delicacies. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 7 -(Macilente). A word used by Plautus for tit-bits, delicacies. - -=pulpatoon,= a dish made of rabbits, fowls, &c., in a crust of forced -meat. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). Span. _pulpelón_, a large -slice of stuffed meat. - -=pulvilio,= fine scented powder, cosmetic powder. Etherege, Man of Mode, -iii. 3 (Sir Fopling); _Pulvilio-box_, a scent-box, Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, ii (Manly). Hence _pulvil_, to perfume with scented powder, -Congreve, Way of the World, iv. 1 (beginning). Ital. _polviglio_, fine -powder. See Stanford. - -=pumey,= ‘pumice’. Peele, Anglorum Feriae, 26 (ed. Dyce, p. 595); -_pumie-stone_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 39; Shep. Kal., March, 89. - -=pun,= to pound, to beat, pummel. Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 42; _pund_, pt. t., -Heywood, King Edw. IV, First Part (Spicing); vol. i, p. 19. In common -prov. use from the north country down to Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Pound, -vb.^{3}). OE. _punian_, to pound, beat, bray in mortar. - -=puncheon,= a kind of dagger. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 664 (L. -_dolones_). O. Prov. _ponchon_, ‘poinçon’ (Levy). - -=puncto;= see =punto.= - -=punctual,= no bigger than a point, very small; ‘This opacous Earth, -this punctual spot’, Milton, P. L. viii. 23. - -=punese,= a bug. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. _punaise_. - -†=pung,= a ‘punk’, courtesan. Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Lethe). Not -found elsewhere. - -=punkateero,= a purveyor of punks, a pander. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, iv. 1 (Curvetto). A jocose formation from _punk_, a strumpet, -in imitation of Span. _mulatero_, muleteer, from _mulo_, mule. Not found -elsewhere. - -=punto,= a small point; _in a punto_, in a moment, B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil); a nice point of behaviour, a ‘punctilio’, -‘Puntos and Complementes’, Bacon. Adv. L., bk. ii, c. 23, § 3; a stroke -or thrust with the point of the sword or foil, Merry Wives, ii. 3. 26; -_punto riverso_, a back-handed thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27; _punto beard_, -a pointed beard, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode). Ital. and Span. -_punto_, L. _punctum_, a point. - -=purchase,= to acquire, obtain, gain. Tempest, iv. 1. 14; Richard II, i. -3. 282. Hence, _purchase_, acquired property, wealth, Webster, Duch. -Malfi, iii. 1 (Antonio); spoil, booty, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101; Hen. V, -iii. 2. 45; Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 16; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 5 -(Theridamas). See Dict. - -=purfle,= to embroider along an edge, to border, to ornament. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 2. 13; ii. 3. 26; Milton, Comus, 995; ‘_Pourfiler_, to purfle, -tinsell or overcast with gold thread’, Cotgrave. - -=purfle,= the contour or outline of anything, the profile. Chapman, -Byron’s Conspiracy, iii. 1 (Breton). - -=puritan,= used ironically for a courtesan (Cant). Marston, What you -Will, iii. 3 (Slip). - -=purlieu,= ground near a forest, which having been made forest, was by -perambulation (OF. _puralee_) separated from the same, see Manwood, -Forest Laws, cap. 20; ‘In the purlieus of this forest’, As You Like It, -iv. 3. 77. The form _purlieu_ (for an older _purley_) is probably due to -popular etymology, i.e. to association with F. _pur lieu_, L. _purus -locus_, a free open space; _purley_, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. -3 (Nimis); _purley-man_, one who has lands within the ‘purlieu’ (NED.); -_Pourlie man_, Cowell’s Interpreter (s.v. Purlue). Anglo-F. _puralé_ -(_-lée_), a going though, ‘perambulatio’ (Rough List, s.v. Purlieu). See -NED. - -=purpense,= to determine beforehand; ‘James Grame . . . wilfully -assented and purpensed the murdre, &c.’, Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 7; ‘A -purpensed malice’, Udall, Erasmus’s Paraph. Mark iii. 30. Anglo-F. -_purpenser_: _agwait purpensé_, ‘insidiis praecogitatis’ (Laws of -William I, § 1, 2); see Moisy. See =prepense.= - -=purpose,= conversation, discourse. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 45; ii. 6. 6; -ii. 8. 56; Much Ado, iii. 1. 12; to converse, discourse, F. Q. ii. 12. -16. OF. _pourpos_ (_purpos_), a purpose (Godefroy), cp. F. _propos_, a -purpose, design, also, speech, discourse (Cotgr.). - -=purprise,= an enclosure, enclosed area. Bacon, Essay 56 (Judicature). -Norm. F. _purprise_, _pourprise_, ‘pourpris, enceinte, enelos, demeure’ -(Moisy); _porprise_ (Didot); _porprendre_, ‘investir, entourer’ (Didot). -Med. L. _porprisa_, _porprisum_, ‘possessio vel locus sepibus, muris, -ant vallis conclusus’; see Ducange (s.v. Porprendere). - -=purse,= to steal purses. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Yo. -Loveless). - -=purse-net,= a net, the mouth of which could be drawn together by a -string. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto); Appius, iv. 1 -(Advocate). - -=purveyance,= providence. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 58; provision, -equipment, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 13. ME. _purveyaunce_, providence, -also, provision (Chaucer). See Dict. (s.v. Purvey). - -=push,= a pustule, pimple; ‘Black poushes or boyles’, Sir T. Elyot, -Castel of Helthe, bk. iii, c. 7; ‘Pimples or pushes’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 6. Still in use in many parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Push, sb.^{3}). - -=push,= _interj._, pish! Massinger, The Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); -Middleton, Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Shortyard). Very common in Middleton. - -=push-pin,= a childish game noticed by Strutt, Sports, v. 4. 14. In L. -L. L. iv. 3. 169; Herrick, Hesper., Love’s Play at Push-pin. Also called -_put-pin_. - -=pussle,= a maid, girl, drab. Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78); -‘A puzell verie beautifull’, Holinshed (ed. 1587, iii. 545); Laneham’s -Letter (ed. Furnivall, 23); ‘The Fayre Pusell’, W. de Worde, Treatyse of -a Galaunt (see title of the play). F. _pucelle_, a maid. - -=put,= a silly fellow, a ‘duffer’ (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, -i. 1 (Shamwell). See Slang Dict., 1874. - -=put case,= suppose. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (end). - -=put forth,= to lend out (money). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour ii. 1 -(Puntarvolo). Cp. Temp. iii. 3. 48; Sonnet cxxxiv. 10. - -=put on,= to put on a hat. This was the occasion of much empty -compliment. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto). _Putting off his -hat_, taking it off, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 7. - -=put up,= to sheathe a sword, to replace it in the scabbard. Temp. i. 2. -469; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 343; _put up_ (without a following sb.), -Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Martino). - -=puther,= pother, trouble, disturbance. Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 4 -(Bayes); _pudder_, K. Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); _poother_, Coriolanus, -ii. 1. 234. - -=put-pin,= ‘Playing at put-pin’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. -viii. 205. See =push-pin.= - -=puttock,= a bird of prey of the kite kind. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 191; -Cymb. i. 1. 140; Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 110; ‘Puttocke, _escoufle_’, -Palsgrave. In common prov. use for a kite or buzzard, see EDD. (s.v. -Puttock, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _puttocke_, ‘milvus’ (Prompt. EETS. 339, -see note, no. 1647). _Puttock_ is a not uncommon surname, see Bardsley, -493. An older form for this surname was _Putthawke_, see Chronicles of -Theberton (Suffolk), by H. M. Doughty, 1910, p. 177, ‘That year [1748] -John Puttock or Putthawke was churchwarden.’ Can _puttock_, the name of -the bird, stand for _pout-hawk,_ from the pouts, i.e. small birds, on -which it feeds? [For _pout_, see NED. (s.v. _Poult_).] - -=puzell;= see =pussle.= - -=pylery hole,= the hole through which the head of the offender was -thrust in the pillory. Skelton, Magnyf. 361. OF. _pillorie_ (Ducange, -s.v. Pilorium), O. Prov. _espilori_, _espitlori_ (Levy); Med. L. -*_spect’lorium_ < *_spectaculorium_, a place for a ‘spectacle’ (L. -_spectaculum_). - -=pyonyng;= see =pion.= - -=pyromancy,= divination by fire. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (186); scene -2. 15 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). Gk. πυρομαντεία, divination by fire. - -=Pythonissa,= the witch of Endor; ‘Saith the Pythonissa to Saul’, Bacon, -Essay 35. L. _pythonissa_, applied to the witch of Endor (1 Sam. -xxviii), see Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii, Argument (‘Saul pythonissam -consulit’); properly, a woman possessed with Python, the spirit of -divination, cp. Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii. 7 (‘Mulier pythonem habens -in Endor’). See =Phitonessa.= - - - - - Q - - -=Q,= a cue, as the signal for an actor to begin his part; ‘And took I -not my _Q_?’ Barry, Ram-Alley, ii. 1 (W. Smallshanks); ‘And old men know -their _Q’s_, id., iii. 1 (O. Small.). Some say it stood for L. _quando_, -when; i.e. the time when. - -=quab,= a crude or shapeless thing. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3. 5. -Low G. _quabbe_, a piece of fat flesh, _quabbeln_, to be flabby, quiver -like a piece of fat or soft flesh; Du. _quabbe_, ‘the dewlap of a -Rudder-beast hanging down under his necke’ (Hexham). - -=quacking cheat,= a cant term for a duck. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor). See =cheat= (2). - -=quadlin,= a kind of apple, a ‘codling’, mentioned among the July fruits -in Bacon’s Essay 46, Of Gardens; _quodling_, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 -(Dol Common). Perhaps a corruption of ME. _querdlyng_, appul, -‘duracenum’ (Prompt.). - -=quadrate,= a troop in a square formation; ‘The Powers Militant . . . in -mighty Quadrate joyn’d’, Milton, P. L. vi. 62. L. _quadratus_, squared; -_quadratum_, a square. - -=quail,= the name of the bird, applied to a courtesan. Tr. and Cr. v. 1. -57; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula). See Nares. Cp. F. _cailte -coiffée_, ‘une femme galante’ (Moisy, s.v. Quaille); _cailles coyphées_, -women (Rabelais, iv. 23); _caille coiffée_, ‘a woman’ (Cotgr.). - -=quail,= to curdle, coagulate; ‘I quayle as mylke dothe, _je -quaillebotte_’, Palsgrave; ‘This mylke is quayled’, id.; Phillips, -Dict., 1706. In prov. use in E. Anglia and adjacent counties, see EDD. -(s.v. Quail, vb.^{2}). ME. _quaylyn_ as mylk or odyrlyk lykowre, -‘coagulo’ (Prompt. EETS. 363). F. _cailler_, to curdle, to coagulate -(Cotgr.), OF. _coailler_ (Oxf. Ps. cxviii. 70); L. _coagulare_; cp. -Ital. _quagliare_ (_coagulare_, to curd or curdle (Torriano)). See -=quarle.= - -=quail,= to lose courage; ‘My heart drops blood, and my false spirits -Quaile’, Cymbeline, v. 5. 149; ‘Their hearts began to quaile’, Holland, -Livy, xxxvi. 9. 924. A _fig._ sense of _quail_ (to curdle), see above. -Cp. Ital. _quagliare_ (_cagliare_), ‘aggrumare’; _per met._ ‘mancar -d’animo, venir meno’ (Fanfani, s.v. Cagliare). - -=quail= (a trans. use of above), to cause to quail, to depress the heart -with fear or dejection; ‘He meant to quail and shake the orb’, Ant. and -Cl. v. 2. 85; Mids. Night’s D. v. 292 (Pyramus); Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. -49; Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, i. 2 (Cassilane); Kyd, Cornelia, -iv. 1. 243. - -=quail-pipe boot,= a boot having a wrinkled appearance. Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Truepenny); with reference to the E. -version of the Romaunt of the Rose, 7261: ‘Highe shoes . . . That -frouncen [are wrinkled] lyke a quaile-pipe.’ - -=quaint,= skilled, clever; ‘The quaint Musician’, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. -149; skilfully designed, ‘A quaint salad’, Shirley, Traitor, iv. 2; -beautiful, elegant, Milton, Samson Ag. 1303; Much Ado, iii. 4. 22; -dainty, fastidious, prim, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 10. OF. _cointe_, -‘instruit’ (Bartsch), Med. L. _cognitus_, ‘sciens’ (Ducange). Cp. O. -Prov. _coinde_, _cointe_, ‘joli, gracieux, aimable’ (Levy). - -=quaisy;= see =queazy.= - -=quality,= profession, occupation. Merry Wives, v. 5. 44; Hamlet, ii. 2. -363; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Metaldi). - -=quar,= a ‘quarry’, a heap of dead men. Phaer, Aeneid ix, 526. See Dict. -(s.v. Quarry, 2). - -=quarelet,= a small square; ‘The quarelets of pearl’ (referring to a -girl’s teeth), Herrick, The Rock of Rubies, and the Quarrie of Pearls, -32. See =quarrel.= - -=quarle,= a ‘quarrel’, cross-bow bolt. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 33. See -Dict. (s.v. Quarrel, 2). - -=quarle,= to curdle, coagulate. Tourneur, Rev. Trag. iv. 4. 8. See -=quar=(=r= (2). - -=quar=(=r,= a stone-quarry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); -Drayton, Pol. i. 119. In prov. use (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 1). - -=quar=(=r,= to coagulate; ‘It keepeth the mylke from quarring and -crudding in the brest’, Lyte, Dodoens, ii. 74. 246 (NED.). In prov. use -in Worc., Hants., Somerset, Devon (EDD.). See =quarle.= - -=quarrel,= a square, or diamond-shaped piece of glass, in a window; ‘A -quarrell of glasse’, Puttenham, Arte of Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 11, ed. -Arber, p. 106; Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 1 (Galoshio). -‘Quarrel’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for a pane of -glass, esp. a diamond-shaped pane, see EDD. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1}), and -NED. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1} 3). - -=quarron,= the body; the belly (Cant); ‘To comfort the quarron’, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song); _Quaromes_, a body, Harman, Caveat, p. 82. -The same word as _carrion_, a carcass; ‘Old feeble carrions’, Jul. -Caesar, ii. 1. 130. See NED. - -=quart,= quarter, fourth part. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10.14. L. _quartus_, -fourth. - -=quart d’écu;= see =cardecu.= - -=quartile,= a quartile aspect, a quadrature, denoting the position of -two planets which are 90 degrees apart. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, -chap. xxxvi, st. 12; Dryden, Palamon, i. 500. - -=quass,= to drink copiously. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 87. Low G. -_quasen_, _quassen_, to devour, swallow (Lübben). - -=quat,= a pimple; _fig._ applied contemptuously to a young person. -Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); Othello, v. 1. 11. ‘Quat’, -meaning a pimple, is in prov. use in the Midlands, also in Hants. -(EDD.). - -=quat,= to oppress. Lyly, Euphues, p. 44. In prov. use in Wilts. and -Somerset, meaning to squeeze, crush, see EDD. (s.v. Quat, vb. 3). - -=quat,= the act or state of squatting. A hunted leveret is ‘put to the -dead quat’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 31). - -=quaternion,= a set of four. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (Cupid); -Milton, P. L. v. 181; BIBLE, Acts xii. 4. L. _quaternio_ (Vulgate). - -=quayd,= quieted, appeased; ‘Therewith his sturdie courage soone was -quayd’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 14. See =accoy.= - -=queach,= a dense growth of bushes, a thicket. Golding, Ovid’s Metam. i. -4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xix. 610; id., Hymn to Pan; Coote’s English -Schoolemaster; Howell, Londinop. 382; _queachie_, bushy, Golding, -Metam., To Reader. See Nares. An E. Anglian word for a small plantation -of trees or bushes, a ‘spinney’ (EDD.). ME. _queche_, a dense growth of -bushes (Merlin, ed. Wheatley, iii. 540). - -=queachy,= swampy, boggy; ‘Queachy fens’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 396; iv. 65; -xvii. 384; _quechy_, Heywood, Brazen Age, ii. 2 (Wks. iii. 190). -‘Queechy’ is in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Queachy, adj.^{1} 1). - -=queam;= see =queme.= - -=queat,= ‘quiet’; ‘Be _queat_’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, c. 6, st. -73; bk. iii, ch. 14, st. last but one. Not uncommon. See =unqueat.= - -=queave,= to palpitate; ‘I left him _queaving_ and quick’ (i.e. -palpitating and alive), Puttenham, Arte of E. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19 -(ed. Arber, p. 223); ‘Quycke and queaving’, life and palpitation, -Gascoigne, Grief of Joy (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 289). See NED. (s.v. Quave). - -=queazy,= squeamish, fastidious, nice. Dryden, Epil. to Don Sebastian, -16; spelt _quaisie_, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 40); _queasie_, -unsettling the stomach, causing nausea, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 44); -‘Quaisy as meate or drinke is, _dangereux_’, Palsgrave. - -†=quebas,= the name of an obsolete card-game. Etherege, She Would if she -Could, iii. 3 (Lady Cockwood). Not found elsewhere. - -=queching;= see =quetch.= - -†=quecke,= a knock, a whack; ‘If I fall, I catch a _quecke_, I may -fortune to break my neck’, Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. -8. Not found elsewhere. - -=queest;= see =woodquist.= - -=queint,= _pp._ quenched. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; ‘The coals . . . -that be quent’, Sir T. Wyatt (Wks., ed. Bell, p. 200). ME. _queynt_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2321), pp. of _quenche_, to quench (id., Tr. and Cr. -iii. 846). See Dict. - -=quellio,= a Spanish collar or neck-band. Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 -(Guzman); _quellio ruff_, a Spanish ruff, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4 -(Luke). Span. _cuello_, neck, collar, ruff (Stevens); L. _collum_, neck. - -=quelquechose,= a delicacy; the same word as _kickshaws_. Marston, -Malcontent, i. 1. 161 (Malevole); ‘_Fricandeaux_, short, skinless, and -dainty puddings, or Quelkchoses, made of good flesh and herbs chopped -together, then rolled up into the form of Liverings, &c., and so -boiled’, Cotgrave. F. _quelque chose_, something. See Dict. (s.v. -Kickshaws). - -=queme,= to please. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 15; _queam_, pleasure, -Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, ch. 60, st. 32. ME. _queme_, to please -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 695); _queme_, pleasure, satisfaction (Cursor -M. 1064); see Dict. M. and S. OE. _cwēman_, _gecwēman_, to please. - -=quent;= see =queint.= - -=quere,= the ‘choir’ of a church. Morte Arthur, leaf 430*, back, 22; bk. -xxi, c. 12; Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 396. ‘Queer’ is in prov. use for -choir in the north country (EDD.). ME. _quere_, _queer_ (Wyclif, Ps. -lii. 1; cl. 4). Norm. F. _quers_, nom.; _cuer_, acc., ‘chœur’ (Moisy). -See Dict. (s.v. Choir). - -†=querke:= phr. _to have the querke of the sea_ (?), Harrison, Desc. of -England, bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 310). - -=querpo:= phr. _in querpo_, in a close-fitting dress or doublet, without -a cloak; ‘To walk the streets in querpo’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. -2; cp. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 201. Span. _en cuerpo_, lit. ‘in the -body’; hence, half dressed. See Stanford (s.v. Cuerpo). See =cuerpo.= - -=querre, at the,= (probably) on the cross, at a cross-stroke; ‘_Sir -Francis._ My hawk killed too. _Sir Charles._ Ay, but ’twas at the -querre, Not at the mount, like mine’, Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3. Cp. -Low G. _vor queer_, across. See Dict. (s.v. Queer). - -=querry,= an ‘equerry’. Beaumont and Fl., Noble Gentleman, v. 1 -(Marine); ‘_Querries_, Persons that are conversant in the Queen’s -Stables; and have charge of her Horses’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See -Dict. (s.v. Equerry). - -=quest,= to seek after, search about, like a dog after game. Otway, -Soldier’s Fortune, iv. 3. 2. Also, to give tongue, like a hound at the -sight of game, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Townshead). ‘To quest’ -is in prov. use in various parts of England, of dogs in the sense of -seeking for game, and of breaking out into a bark at the sight of the -quarry; see EDD. F. _quester_, ‘to quest, hunt; to open, as a dog that -seeth, or findeth of his game’ (Cotgr.). - -=quest,= an inquiry; a body of men summoned to hold an inquiry. -Gascoigne, Works, i. 37; ‘Crowner’s quest law’, Hamlet, v. 1. 24. See -Dict. (s.v. Inquest). - -=quest-house,= the house at which the inquests in a ward or parish were -commonly held, the chief watch-house in a parish. Middleton, Anything -for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (W. Camlet). - -=questmongers,= men who made a business of conducting inquiries, Bacon, -Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 192). ME. _questmongeres_ (P. Plowman, B. xix. -367). - -=questuary,= profitable, money-making. Middleton, Family of Love, v. 1 -(Glister); Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 13, § 4. L. -_quaestuarius_, relating to gain; _quaestus_, gain. - -=quetch, quitch,= to move, stir, wince; ‘He dare nat quytche’, -Palsgrave; ‘The Lads of Sparta of Ancient Time were wont to be Scourged -upon the Altar of Diana, without so much as Queching’, Bacon, Essay 39; -‘He could not move, nor quich at all’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 38; ‘They -dare not queatche’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. ME. _quytchyn_, -‘moveo’ (Prompt.); OE. _cweccan_, ‘movere’ (Matt. xxvii. 39). - -=quibible,= (perhaps) a pipe or whistle; ‘Time . . . to pype in a -quibyble’, Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 389. - -=quiblin,= a trick. Eastward Ho, iii. (1 _or_ 2) (Security); B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iv. 1 (end); ‘A quirk or a quiblin’, id., Barth. Fair, i. -1 (Littlewit); id., Alchemist, iv. 4. 728 (Face). See Dict. (s.v. -Quibble). - -=quich;= see =quetch.= - -=quiddit,= a subtle shift, law-trick. Hamlet, v. 1. 107 (fol.); Heywood, -The Fair Maid, v. 2. 3. - -=quiddle,= to trifle, to discourse in a trifling way; ‘Set out your -bussing base, and we will quiddle upon it’, Damon and Pithias; in -Hazlitt, iv. 81. In common prov. use from Worc. to Cornwall in the sense -of acting in a fussy manner about trifles; see EDD. (s.v. Quiddle, -vb.^{1}). - -=quight;= see =quite.= - -=quile;= see =quoil=(=e==.= - -=quillet,= a sly trick, cavil. L. L. L. iv. 3. 288; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iv. 1. 16. - -=quillity,= a quibble, cavil. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 75. Cp. -Ital. _quilità_, _quillità_, ‘a quillity’ (Florio). - -=quinch,= to stir, to wince, flinch, start. Spenser, View of the State -of Ireland, p. 670, col. 1 (Globe edition). _Not a quinch_, not a start, -not a jot, ‘I care not a quinche’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 28. - -=quintell;= ‘A Quintaine or Quintell, a game in request at marriages, -when Jac and Tom, Dic, Hob and Will, strive for the gay garland’, -Minsheu, Ductor; Herrick, A Pastorall Sung to the King, 4; _quintil_, -Quarles, Sheph. Orac. vi (NED.). - -=quip,= to taunt. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; to assail with sarcasm, -Greene, Verses from Cicero, 5, ed. Dyce, p. 311; to be sarcastic, Lyly, -Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 206). - -=quire,= a throng, company. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 48. See =quere.= - -†=quirily,= quiveringly (?). Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 220. Not -found elsewhere. - -=quit,= to requite. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 5); Beaumont and -Fl., v. 1 (Antinous). See =quite.= - -=quitch;= see =quetch.= - -=quite, quight,= to free, release. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 10; to repay, -requite, id., i. 10. 67; _quite_, id., i. 1. 30; i. 8. 26, 27; i. 10. -15, 37. ME. _quyte_, to requite, repay (Chaucer); see Dict. M. and S. -Med. L. _quietare_, _quitare_, ‘pacificare, dimittere’; _quietus_, -_quitus_, ‘absolutus, liber’ (Ducange). - - =quite-claim,= to acquit, free. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 14. - -=quittance,= to requite, repay. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 14; Greene, Orl. Fur. -ii. 1 (499); Sacripant (p. 95, col. 2). - -=quitter-bone,= an ulcer on the coronet of a horse’s foot. B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘_Sete_, the quitter-bone; a round and -hard swelling upon the cornet (between the heel and quarter) of a -horse’s foot’, (Cotgrave). - -=quitture,= a purulent discharge from a wound or sore. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xiv. 7; xxiv. 374. ME. _quytere_ (Wyclif, Job ii. 8); _whytowre_ -(Prompt.). Anglo-F. _quyture_ (Bozon), OF. _cuiture_, smarting, matter -from a boil; _cuire_, to smart, lit. to cook, roast, &c.; L. _coquere_. - -=quiver,= active, quick, rapid. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 301; Turbervile, The -Lover to Cupid, st. 18; _quiverly_, actively, Gillespie, Eng. Pop. -Cerem. (NED.). OE. _cwiferlīce_, actively. - -=quoil=(=e,= a noisy disturbance, a ‘coil’. R. Harvey, Pl. Perc. (ed. -1860, p. 30); Culpepper, Eng. Physic, 255; _quile_, Lord Cromwell, i. 1. -7. See NED. (s.v. Coil, sb.^{2}). - -=quondam,= once upon a time; hence, one who has formerly held an office, -one who has ceased to perform duties; ‘He wyll haue euerye man a quondam -as he is; as for my quondamshyp’, &c, Latimer, 4 Sermon bef. King, ed. -Arber, p. 108. L. _quondam_, formerly. - -=quook,= quaked; _pt. t._ of _quake_. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 30. ME. -_quok_, quaked (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1576); but the regular pt. t. is -_quaked_(_e_ (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 246); OE. _cwacode_, pt. t. of -_cwacian_. - -=quote,= to note, set down in writing. L. L. L. ii. 246; Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Petronius). - -=quoth, quoathe,= to faint; ‘He, quothing as he stood’, Golding, Metam. -v. 71; fol. 56 (1603); vii. 859; fol. 92. See =coath.= - -=quot-quean,= see =cot-quean.= - -=quoying,= ‘coying’, blandishing; ‘Were they living to heare our newe -quoyings . . . they would tearme it (the old wooing) foolish’ (Lyly, -Euphues, ed. Arber, 277). See =coy.= - - - - - R - - -=rabate, rabbate,= to rebate, remit, take away; ‘I rabate a porcyon’, -Palsgrave, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, ch. 25 (ed. Arber, p. 310); -_rabbate_, diminution, Puttenham, iii. ch. 11; p. 173. F. ‘_rabatre_, to -abate, remit, give back’ (Cotgr.). See =rebate= (2). - -=rabbit-sucker,= a very young rabbit; one that still sucks. 1 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 480; Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 (Sir Tophas). - -=rabbling,= disorderly; ‘Rabbling wretch!’, Appius and Virginia, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. See NED. - -=rablement,= a rabble, noisy crowd. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 8. - -=race,= to rase, scrape. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 108, 118; Chapman, tr. -of Iliad, iv. 158; to tear, to tear away, Morte Arthur, leaf 36, back, -1; bk. i, c. 23; to slash, tear violently, id., leaf 119, back, 22; bk. -vii, c. 17; to erase, to alter a writing by erasure, ‘This indenture is -raced’, Palsgrave. See NED. (s.v. Race, vb.^{3}). - -=rache;= see =ratch.= - -=rack,= a neck of mutton. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Lyly, Mother -Bombie, iii. 4 (Dromio); How a Man may choose, iii. 3 (Aminadab). In -prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). - -=rack,= a mass of driving clouds. Hamlet, ii. 3. 506. Also, as vb., to -drift, to move as a driving cloud; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 27; Edw. III, ii. -1. 4; Dryden, Three Political Prologues, ii. 33. - -=rack,= to move quickly; said of deer and horses; ‘His rain-deer, -racking with proud and stately pace’, Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory (ed. -Dyce, p. 562). Cp. Swed. dial. _rakka_, to go quickly, to run hither and -thither (Rietz). - -=rack and manger, at,= with plenty of food, in the midst of abundance, -in luxury; ‘Kept at rack and manger’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, -ch. 41, st. 46. The phrase, ‘To live at rack and manger’ (i.e. to live -with heedless extravagance), is in common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. -Rack, sb.^{5} 16 (2)). - -=rad,= agreed upon after consultation; ‘Which judgement strayt was rad’, -Mirror for Mag., Northfolke, st. 21. Pp. of _rede_, to take counsel -together. See NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.^{1} 5). See =rede.= - -=raft,= reft, bereft. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 14. See NED. (s.v. -Reave, vb.^{1}). - -=ragman-roll,= a list, catalogue; ‘I did what I cowde Apollo to rase out -of her ragman rollis’, Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 1490. ME. _rolle of -ragman_, a catalogue, Towneley Myst. xxx. 224; _rageman_, the name of a -game of chance played with a written roll having strings attached to the -various items contained in it, one of which the player selected or -‘drew’ at random; see Gower, C. A. viii. 2379, and the interesting note -by G. C. Macaulay; _rageman_, the name given to a statute (4 Edward I), -appointing justices to hear and determine complaints of injuries done -within 25 years previous; see NED. (s.v. Ragman, 2). - -=ragmans rew,= a rhapsody, rigmarole; ‘A ragmans rewe . . . So do we -call a long jeste that railleth on any persone by name’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., 245; a list, ‘Ragmanrew, _series_’, Levins, Manip. - -=rahate,= ‘to rate’, scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, §§ 22, 34. - -=raile, rayle,= to roll, flow, trickle. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 43; ii. 8. -37; Visions of Bellay, 155; Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, iv. 74. - -=railed,= fastened in a row; ‘Railed in ropes, like a team of horses in -a cart’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 130); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, -iii. 1 (Oxford). OF. _reiller_; L. _regulare_, to put in order. - -=rain, rean,= a furrow between the ridges in a field. Spelt _raine_, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 13. 7; _rayne_, id., 7. 20; _reane_, id., 21. -15. In general prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Rean). Icel. _rein_, a narrow -strip of land, esp. one left unploughed between fields. - -=raine, rayne,= realm, dominion; also region. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 28; -id., iii. 4. 49; vi. 2. 9. See Dict. (s.v. Reign). - -=rakehell,= a thorough scoundrel; a debauchee or rake; ‘The King of -rake-hells’, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165); ‘_Vaultneant_, -_pendart_, _pendereau_, a rakehel, a rascal that wil be hangd’, -Nomenclator, 1585 (Nares); ‘_Pendard_, a rake-hell, crack-rope, -gallow-clapper’, Cotgrave. - -=rakel,= impetuous, headstrong; ‘Rakyl, _insolens_’, Levins, Manip.; -‘Rackle’ (or ‘Rakel’) is in common prov. use in the north country in the -sense of rash, violent, headstrong (EDD.). ME. _rakel_, rash, hasty -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1067; iii. 1437). - -=ramage,= said of hawks: having left the nest and begun to fly from -branch to branch; hence, wild, untamed, shy; said also of animals and -persons; ‘Take a sperhauke ramage’, Caxton, G. de la Tour, A viii -(NED.); Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 10. Norm. F. -_ramage_, ‘sauvage, farouche’ (Moisy); Rom. type, _ramaticum_, deriv. of -L. _ramus_, a branch. - -=ramp,= a bold vulgar girl. Middleton and Dekker, Roaring Girl, iii. 3 -(Trapdoor); Cymbeline, i. 6. 134; Lyly, Sapho, iii. 2 (Song). - -=ramp,= to creep or crawl on the ground; see NED. ME. _rampe_: ‘A litel -Serpent . . . Which rampeth’ (Gower, C. A. vi. 2230). F. _ramper_, ‘to -creep, crawl’ (Cotgr.). - -=ramp,= to raise the forepaws in the air (usually said of lions); ‘A -rampynge and roarynge lyon’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 13 (so in -Prayer Book); ‘The ramping lion’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 2. 13. ME. _rampe_; ‘He -goth rampende as a leoun’ (Gower, C. A. vii. 2573). Anglo-F. _ramper_; -‘lioun rampant’ (Gower, Mirour, 2267). See =raump.= - -=rampallian,= a ruffian, scoundrel; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., -Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Orleans); City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, xi. 197; applied to a woman, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 65; S. Rowlands, -Greenes Ghost (NED.). - -=rampier,= a ‘rampart’, protecting bank of earth. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 165). Hence, _rampired_, fortified, Timon, v. 4. 47. See Dict. - -=rampion,= a species of bell-flower, _Campanula Rapunculus_. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 40. 12; Drayton, Pol. xx. 60. F. _raiponce_, ‘rampions’ -(Cotgr.). The _s_ of _rampions_ has been taken for the plural _s_, and -accordingly dropped. - -=ranch,= to tear, to cut. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 856; Drayton, tr. of -Aeneid, xi. 1184. ‘Ranch’ in E. Anglia means to scratch deeply and -severely (EDD.). - -=rand,= a strip or slice of meat; ‘Rands and sirloins’, Fletcher, -Wildgoose Chase, v. 2 (Belleur); ‘_Giste de bœuf_, a rand of beef, a -longe and fleeshy peece, cut out from between the flanke and buttock’ -(Cotgrave). Still in use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Rand, sb.^{1} 6). - -=randon:= in phr. _at randon_, with rushing force. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. -7; Shep. Kal., May, 46. OF. _randon_, force, impetuosity, the swiftness -of a violent stream; hence F. _aller à grand randon_, ‘to go very fast’ -(Cotgr.). See =raundon.= - -=randon,= to go about at will. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Arostus); ii. -chorus, 2. F. ‘_randonner_, to run swiftly, violently’ (Cotgr.); see H. -Estienne, Précellence, 187. - -=rangle,= to rove, to wander. Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 36; -Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 2. Cp. the Somerset phrase -‘a rangle common’, see EDD. (s.v. Rangle, vb.^{2} 2). - -=rank,= strongly, furiously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6; iv. 5. 33. In -Cheshire a wasp’s nest is said to be ‘rank’, where the wasps are -numerous and angry (EDD.). ME. _rank_, froward (Havelok, 2561). OE. -_ranc_, renders the Vulgate ‘protervum’ (Ælfric, Deut. xxi. 18). - -=ranpick,= partially decayed, bare of leaves. Drayton, Pol. ii. 205; -Barnfield, Affect. Sheph. 27 (NED.). In Cheshire ‘rampick’ (in Warw. -‘ranpike’) means a tree beginning to decay at the top; a young tree -stripped of boughs and bark (EDD.). - -=rap,= to affect with rapture, to transport, ravish with joy. Cymbeline, -i. 6. 51; B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, i. 1. A back-formation -from =rapt= (1). - -=rap and rend,= to snatch up and seize, to take by force, acquire. -Dryden, Prol. to Disappointment, 54; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 789; _rappe and -rende_, Roy, Rede Me (ed. Arber, 74). ME. _rape and renne_ (Chaucer, C. -T. G. 1422). See EDD. (s.v. Rap, vb.^{3} (1) and (5)), and Dict. (s.v. -Rap, 2). - -=rapt,= caught up (like Elijah). Milton, P. L. iii. 522; vii. 23; -affected with ecstasy, Macbeth, i. 3. 57 (and 142); Spenser, F. Q. iv. -9. 6. L. _raptus_, seized, snatched. - -=rapt,= to carry away, to transport, enrapture. Daniel, Civil War, vii. -96; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 411; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 84; -Sylvester, Du Bartas, ii. 4. 1. The verb is formed from the pp., see -above. - -=rapture,= the act of carrying off as prey or plunder; ‘Spite of all the -rapture of the sea’, Pericles, ii. 1. 161; the condition of being -carried onward, ‘Our Ship . . . ’gainst a Rocke . . . her keele did dash -With headlong rapture’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xiv. 428; the act of -carrying off a woman, Dekker, Fortunatus (Wks., ed. 1873, i. 151). - -=rare,= early. ‘Rare and late’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 422. Still -in prov. use in the south and south-west counties, see EDD. adj.^{2}. -See =rear.= - -=rascal,= a lean deer not fit to hunt. As You like It, iii. 3. 58; -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph); Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 28; p. 73. See Nares. - -=rash,= to strike like a boar, with a glancing stroke, to tear with -violence. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Fastidious Brisk); -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 17. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{2} 1). - -=rash,= to tear, pull, drag. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 826; Dryden, -tr. of Aeneid, ix. 1094. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{3}). - -=ratch,= a dog that hunts by scent. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 592. Still in -use in the north country, see EDD. sb.^{4}. ME. _ratche_, hownde, -odorinsecus’ (Prompt.). OE. _ræce_ (B. T.); related to Icel. _rakki_, a -dog. - -=ratches,= a mass of scudding clouds; ‘From all the heauen the ratches -flies’, Phaer, Aeneid v, 821 (L. _nimbi_). - -=rathe,= early; ‘The rathe morning’, Drayton, Robert, Duke of Normandy, -8; Milton, Lycidas, 142; ‘The rather lambs’ (i.e. the lambs born in the -earlier part of the year), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 83; _rathe_, soon, -id., Dec, 98; ‘All to rathe’ (all too soon). Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover -waileth (Wks., ed. Bell, 98). Still in use in various parts of the -British Isles (EDD.). ME. _rathe_, early, soon; _rather_, sooner, more -willingly (Chaucer). OE. _hræð_, quick, _hraðe_, quickly. - -=raught,= reached; _pt. t._ and _pp._ of _to reach_. L. L. L. iv. 2. 41; -Hen. V, iv. 6. 21; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 43. Still in prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Reach, vb.^{1} 3). - -=raump,= to ramp, rear up; said of a lion. Morte Arthur, leaf 170. 30; -bk. ix, c. 1. See =ramp= (3). - -=raundon,= force, violence, impetuosity, great haste. Morte Arthur, leaf -55. 37; bk. iii, c. 9; id., leaf 338. 15; bk. xvi, c. 8. See =randon.= - -=raven:= in phr. _raven’s bone_, the gristle on the ‘spoon’ of the -brisket of a deer; given to the crows. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 -(Robin). Also called _raven’s morsel_, Turbervile, Hunting, 42. 129. - -=ravin,= to snatch with violence, to devour greedily; Meas. for M. i. 2. -133; Cymbeline, i. 6. 49; BIBLE, Gen. xlix. 27; Ps. xvii. 12, margin; -‘_Rapinare_, to ravin, to rob, to snatch’ (Florio); _raven_, to have a -ravenous appetite for, Dryden, Hind and P., iii. 964; id., Wild Gallant, -iv. 2; _ravine_, prey, booty, ‘The Lion . . . filled his holes with -pray, and his dens with ravine’, Nahum ii. 12 (Vulgate, _rapina_); -ravenous, ‘I met the ravin lion’, All’s Well, iii. 2. 120. See Dict. -(s.v. Raven, 2). - -=ray,= ‘array’, due order. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 50; v. 11, 34; an array, -line, rank, ‘Thirteen rayes of horsemen’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Alexander, § 5. See Dict. (s.v. Array). - -=ray,= to defile. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 40; vi. 4. 23; Tam. Shrew, iii. -2. 54. For _araye_; ‘I araye or fyle with myer, _j’emboue_’, Palsgrave. -‘Ray’ is still in use in Lanc. and Yorks. in this sense, cp. the -proverb, ‘It’s an ill bird that rays its own nest.’ - -=ray, cloth of,= a kind of striped cloth. Peele, Edw. I. (ed. Dyce, p. -390, col. 2). Cp. F. _raie_, a streak, stripe; O. Prov. _rega_, ‘sillon’ -(Levy); Med. L. _riga_, a stripe, _rigatus_, striped (Ducange). See -=rockray.= - -=rayon,= a ray, beam. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, Pt. II, st. 2, 1. 7. -F. _rayon_, a ray. - -=raze,= to slash, slit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 288; Turbervile, Trag. T., 279 -(NED.). - -=read;= see =rede.= - -=reading,= advice. Field, Woman a Weathercock, i. 1 (Nevill). See -=rede.= - -=ready:= in phr. _to make ready_, to dress oneself; ‘You made yourself -half ready in a dream’, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella); -‘She must do nothing of herself, not eat . . . make her ready, unready, -Unless he bid her’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio). See -=unready.= - -=reaks, reeks,= pranks, riotous practices. Gascoigne, Looks of a Lover -forsaken, 13 (Works, i. 49); Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown); -Urquhart’s Rabelais, iii. 2; ‘_Faire le Diable de Vauvert_, to play -monstrous reaks’, Cotgrave (s.v. Diable); ‘The heart of man in prayer is -most bent to play reakes in wandering from God’, Boyd, Last Battel, 731 -(Jamieson). ‘Reak’ (or ‘reik’) is an old Scottish word for a trick or -prank. See =rex.= - -=re-allie,= to form (plans) again. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 23. - -=realm,= region; pron. like _ream_ (of paper), and quibbled upon. B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum. v (Clement); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 -(Ithamore). - -=reame,= a kingdom, realm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53; iv. 8. 45; Daniel, -Civil Wars, i. 82; _reme_, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 156. ME. -_reame_ (P. Plowman, A. v. 146); _reme_ (Chaucer), Anglo-F. _realme_ -(Rough List); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Rewme). - -=reaming,= stretching out in threads; ‘Reaming wooll’, Herrick, Widdowes -Teares, st. 5. Cp. ‘reamy’, stringy, used of bread, in the west country, -see EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 6 (2)). - -=rear,= early. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Lolpoop). A Kentish -pronunciation of _rare_. See EDD. (s.v. Rare, adj. 2). See =rare.= - -=rear,= insufficiently cooked. Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 21. In -gen. prov. use in England and America (EDD.). OE. _hrēr_, half-cooked, -underdone (Sweet). - -=reare,= to lift; hence, to carry off, take away. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. -6. Also, to direct upwards, Milton, P. R. ii. 285. - -=reasty,= rancid, esp. used of bacon which has become yellow and -strong-tasting through bad curing. _Reastie_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. -2. OF. _resté_, that which is left over, hence, stale, cp. Bibbesworth, -in T. Wright’s Vocab., 155: _chars restez_ = E. _resty flees_ (i.e. -reasty flesh). _Reasty_ is still in general prov. use in England (EDD.). - -=rebate,= to beat back. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 87; iii. 2 (884); p. 90, -col. 2; p. 101, col. 1. F. _rabatre_ (Cotgr.). - -=rebate,= to blunt. Meas. for M. i. 4. 60; Otway, Don Carlos, iii. 1 -(King); Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiv. 585; Dryden, Pal. and Arc. iii. 502. -See =rabate.= - -=rebato, rabato,= a collar-band, or ruff, which turned back upon the -shoulders. Much Ado, iii. 4. 6; Dekker, Satiromastix (Works, 1873, i. -186); B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Phantaste); ‘_Porte-fraise_, a -Rebato or supporter for a Ruffe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611). _Rebato-wire_, a -wire for stiffening a ‘rebato’, Yorkshire Tragedy, i. 32; Heywood, A -Woman killed, v. 2. 8. F. _rabat_, ‘a Rabatoe for a woman’s ruff, also, -a falling band’ (Cotgr.). - -=rebeck,= an early form of the fiddle. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 20, § 11; Milton, L’Allegro, 94. O. Prov. _rebec_, also _rebeb_ -(Levy). See Dict. - -=rebeck,= to beckon back, recall, reclaim; said of a hawk. Heywood, A -Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles). - -=rebelling,= a ‘ravelin’ (in a quibble). Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 -(Clown). Span. _rebellin_, a ‘ravelin’ in fortification (Stevens). See -Dict. - -=reboil,= to bubble up again. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § -10; _reboyled_, made to boil again; Skelton (ed. Dyce, vol. i, p. 209). -F. ‘_rebouiller_, to boil once more; _rebouillonner_, to bubble’ -(Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. _rebullire_, ‘recandescere’ (Ducange). - -=receit,= a place of refuge, alcove. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 413; -recess, haven, id., x. 122; a recess, place of ambush; Bacon, Hen. VII -(ed. Lumby, p. 154). Anglo-F. _recet_, place of resort (Rough List); O. -Prov. _recet_, ‘lieu où l’on se retire, retraite’ (Levy); Med. L. -_receptum_ (Ducange). See =recheat.= - -=rechate,= the calling together of the hounds in hunting. Malory, -Arthur, x. 52. As vb., to blow a ‘rechate’, to call together the hounds. -Drayton, Pol. xiii. 122; Turbervile, Hunting, xl. 114 (NED.). OF. -_rachater_ (_racheter_); L. _re_ + Med. L. _accaptare_ (Ducange); see -NED. (s.v. Achate, vb.). - -=recheat,= the series of notes sounded on the horn for calling the -hounds together, Much Ado, i. 1. 251; Davenant, Gondibert, ii. 37. -Anglo-F. and OF. (Picard), _rechet_, a retreat, hence, a note of -retreat; O. Prov. _recet_, ‘retraite’ (Levy). See =receit.= - -=recheles,= reckless, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 7. 8. OE. _reccelēas_. See -=retchless.= - -=rechlessness,= carelessness, recklessness, B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. -1; Article of Religion, 17 (in modern Prayer Books misspelt -_wretchlessness_). ME. _recchelesnesse_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 611). - -=reclaim,= to call back; _reclayme_, Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 9; a term in -falconry, ‘I reclayme a hauke of her wyldnesse’, Palsgrave; to tame, -Romeo, iv. 2. 47. Cp. F. ‘_reclame_, a Sohoe or Heylaw; a loud calling, -whooting or whooping, to make a Hawk stoop unto the Lure’ (Cotgr.). - -=record,= to sing, to warble; applied esp. to the singing of birds. Two -Gent. v. 4. 6; Pericles, iv, Gower; Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, ii. -1; Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 4. As sb. = =recorder= (see below), -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 142. - -=recorder,= a kind of flageolet or small flute, so named because birds -were taught to ‘record’ by it. Hamlet, iii. 2. 303. See Nares. - -=recoure,= to regain, win again. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 25; ‘I recure, I -get agayne’, Palsgrave. - -=recoyle;= see =recule.= - -=recrayed,= recreant; ‘He was a recrayd knyght’, Skelton, Against the -Scottes, Epilogue, 26; A Replicacion, 45. Norm. F. _recreire_, ‘se -dédire’ (Moisy); O. Prov. _se recreire_, ‘s’avouer vaincu’ (Levy); Med. -L. _recredere_, to surrender oneself, as being defeated (Ducange). - -=recreance,= _Letters of Recreance_, Letter from the Earl of Sunderland -to Robert Harley, Dec. 31, 1705, see N. and Q. 11 S. vii. 505. F. -‘_Lettres de récréance_, qui se dit, soit des lettres qu’un Prince -envoie à son Ambassadeur, pour les présenter au Prince d’auprès duquel -il le rappelle; soit des lettres que ce Prince donne à un Ambassadeur, -afin qu’il les rende à son retour au Prince qui le rappelle’, Dict. de -l’Acad., 1762; ‘_Recreance_, a restoral, restitution; also, a delivery -of possession’ (Cotgr.). Cp. O. Prov. _recrezensa_, ‘désistement’ -(Levy). - -=recule,= to retire, go back. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; ‘I recule, I go -back, _je recule_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 47; Gascoigne, -Fruites of Warre, st. 108; _recoyle_, to retreat. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. -17; _recuile_, id., vi. 1. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Recoil). - -†=recullisance,= a corrupt form of _recognisance_. Middleton, Mich. -Term, iii. 4 (Shortyard). See =cullisen.= - -=recure,= to restore to health and vigour. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 44; 9. -2; 10. 24; as sb., recovery, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 436; xviii. 60; -Sackville, Induction, st. 49. Hence, _recureless_, without recovery, not -to be recovered from, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 446; irrecoverable; -Greene, James IV, ii. 2 (987; Nano). - -=recuyell,= a collection; ‘The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye’ (the -title of Caxton’s book); spelt _recule_, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -1187. Also, a reception, welcome, ‘The grete recuel that I have doon’, -Caxton, Eneydos, xviii. 66. F. ‘_recueil_, a collection, also, a -reception, welcome’ (Cotgr.); ‘_recueil_, accueil’ (Estienne). - -=red.= _Red lattice_, a lattice-window painted red, to distinguish an -ale-house. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 86; cp. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 28. - -=rede, read,= to advise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; id., Mother Hub. 114; -to discern, estimate, to take for something, Spenser, Ruins of Time, -633; id., F. Q. ii. 12. 70; vi. 2. 30. As sb. _rede_, counsel, advice. -Hamlet, i. 3. 51. ME. _rede_, to advise; _reed_, _rede_, advice -(Chaucer); OE. _rǣdan_; _rǣd_ (Sweet). See =rad.= - -=redintegrate,= restored to a perfect state. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 42). L. _redintegratus_. - -=Red-shanks,= a name applied to the Gaelic inhabitants of the Scottish -Highlands and of Ireland, in allusion to the colour of the bare legs -reddened by exposure; ‘Scottes and Reddshankes’, Spenser, State Ireland -(Globe ed., 658, col. 2). [‘The red-shanks of Ireland’, Smollett, Humph. -Clinker (Davies).] - -=redub, redoub,= to repair, amend, requite. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i, c. 7, § 2; ‘O gods, redub them vengeaunce just’, Phaer, tr. of -Virgil, bk. vi; Udall, tr. of Apoph., p. xvi, line 27; Socrates, § 47. -Anglo-F. _redubber_, F. ‘_radouber_, to peece, mend’ (Cotgr.). - -=reduce,= to bring back, recover. Shirley, Hyde Park, v. 1 (Mis. Carol); -Court Secret, i. 1 (Manuel); Sackville, Induction, st. 9; Hen. V, v. 2. -63; Rich. III, v. 3. 36. L. _reducere_. - -=reek,= a rick, stack. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Dryden, -Meleager (from Ovid), l. 35. ‘Reek’ is the prov. pronunc. of rick in -many parts of England, as well as in Ireland (EDD.). OE. _hrēac_, a -hayrick. - -=reeke,= seaweed. Golding, Metam. xiv. 38 (L. _algae_). ME. _wreke_, of -the sea, ‘alga’ (Prompt.). Icel. _reki_ (_vreki_), seaweed drifted -ashore. - -=reere,= a loud noise, a shout. Golding, Metam. xiii. 876; fol. 165, l. -1 (1603); ‘Such a reare of thunder fell’, Hudson, Du Bartas, Judith, ii -(NED. s.v. Rear). ME. _rere_, noise (R. Brunne, Chron. Wace, 10207). See -NED. (s.v. Reere). - -=reez’d,= rancid, as bacon. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 112. -ME. _reest_, as flesche, ‘rancidus’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Reesed). - -=refel, refell,= to refute. Meas. for M. v. 1. 94; Lyly, Alexander, ii. -2 (Alex.). L. _refellere_. - -=reflect,= to turn back. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ix. 190. L. _reflectere_ -(Cicero). - -=refocillation,= a restorative. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Pen. -B.). L. _refocillare_, to warm into life again; often used in the -Vulgate for the reviving of the spirit: ‘Reversus est spiritus ejus, et -refocillatus est’, 1 Reg. xxx. 12 (1 Sam. xxx. 12). - -=reformado,= a disbanded soldier; an officer left without a command -(owing to the ‘reforming’ or disbanding of his company), but retaining -his rank and receiving full or half pay; ‘A reformado saint’, Butler, -Hud. ii. 2. 116; ‘The reformado soldier’, id., ii. 2. 648; B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. Span. _reformado_, an officer on half-pay; -from _reformar_, to reduce in number; hence of troops, to discharge, -disband (cp. Calderon, El Alcalde de Zalamea, ii. 33). See Stanford. - -=refuse me,= may God reject me; once a very fashionable oath; ‘These -wicked elder brothers, that swear refuse them’, Rowley, a Match at -Midnight, i. 1 (Tim); ‘God refuse me’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce, -p. 7, col. 2 (Flamineo). - -=regals,= _pl._, a small portable organ with one or two sets of -reed-pipes played with one hand, while the other worked a small bellows. -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Bacon, Sylva, § 172. Norm. F. -_regales_, ‘espèce de petit orgue portatif’ (Moisy). - -=regalo,= a dainty, a choice bit; ‘Servants laden with regalos and -delicate choice Dainties’, Mabbe, tr. Life of Guzman, i. 1. 2; ‘Their -markets are well furnish’d with all Provisions; witness their _Salsicce_ -only, which are a _Regalo_ for a Prince’, R. Lassels, Voy. Italy (ed. -1698, p. 101); spelt (wrongly) _regalio_, Dryden, Wild Gallant, Epil., -12. Span. ‘_regálo_, a dainty; also, loving and kind entertainment; -_regalar_, to make much of, to treat daintily’ (Stevens). See Stanford. - -=regiment,= rule, sway, dominion. Ant. and Cl. iii. 6. 95; Marlowe, 1 -Tamburlaine, ii. 7. 19. ME. _regiment_ (Gower, C. A. vii. 915, 1245, -1702). Anglo-F. _regiment_ (Gower, Mirour, 2615). - -=regorge,= to swallow back again. Dryden, Sigismonda, 186. - -=regrater, regrator,= a retailer, retail dealer. _Regrators_, pl., -North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 15 (in Shak. Plut., p. 261); -_regrators_ of bread-corn, Tatler, no. 118, § 10 (1709-10). ME. -_regratere_ (P. Plowman, C. iv. 82; see Notes, p. 61); Anglo-F. -_regratier_ and _regratour_ (Rough List). Med. L. _regratarius_ and -_regratator_ (Ducange). - -=reguerdon,= requital, reward. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 170; to reward, 1 Hen. -VI, iii. 4. 23. ME. _reguerdoun_ (Gower, C. A. v. 2368, as vb., iii. -2716). Anglo-F. _reguerdon_, reward, _reguerdoner_, to reward (Gower, -Balades, xii. 2; xxiii. 3). - -=relate,= to bring back again. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 51. - -=relent,= to slacken; ‘He would relent his pace’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. -27; iii. 4. 49; iii. 7. 2; slackening, v. 7. 24; vi. 5. 20. F. -‘_ralentir_, to slacken’ (Cotgr.). - -=relent,= to melt, to dissolve into water; ‘Se howe this snowe begynneth -to relent agaynst the sonne’, Palsgrave; to become soft, Tusser, -Husbandry, 63; to cause to melt, ‘Phebus dothe the snowe relente’, -Hawes, Conv. Swearers, xl; hence, _relentment_, dissolution, Sir T. -Browne, Urn Burial, i. § 7. Anglo-F. _se relenter_, to dissolve, melt -(Gower, Mirour, 6603). - -=relide;= see =rely.= - -=relief, releef,= a term in hunting, when the dogs follow a new and -unknown prey; ‘You must sound the releefe . . . your reliefe is your -sweetest note . . . when your hounds hunt after a game unknowne’, Return -from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). See Nares, and NED. (s.v. Relief, -sb.^{2} 7c). - -=reliv’d,= recalled to life, reanimated. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 52; iii. -8. 3; _relyv’d_, id., iii. 4. 35. - -=reluce, reluse,= to shine brightly. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 185. 12; -_reluysing_, brightness, id., leaf 225, back, 9. F. ‘_reluire_, to shine -. . . _reluisant_, shining, radiant’ (Cotgr.). - -=rely,= to assemble, gather (soldiers) together, to rally; ‘He gathered -his troopes, . . . he relieth the rankes’, Heywood, tr. Sal. Jug. War, -50 (NED.); ‘He caused them to stay and relie themselves’, Holinshed, -Scot. Chron. (NED.); to join oneself, ‘And Blandamour to Claribell -relide’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 26. ME. _rely_, to assemble, rally -soldiers (Barbour, Bruce, iii. 34). F. _relier_, to bind; L. _religare_. - -=reme,= to tear open; ‘Which seeme (as women use) to reme my hart, -Before I come to open all my smart’, Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 25. -‘Ream’ is in prov. use in the west country; EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 2), -cites from Exmoor Scolding, 1746, ‘Chell ream my Heart to tha’ (i.e. -I’ll open my heart to thee). ME. _ryme_, to stretch (Wars Alex. 4931); -OE. _rȳman_, to make clear space, enlarge; _rūm_, space. - -=reme;= see =reame.= - -=remember,= to remind. Temp. i. 2. 243; Richard II, i. 3. 269; -_reflex._, to remember, ‘Now I remember me’, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 286; -Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 27. - -=remembrance,= memento, love-token; ‘This was her first remembrance from -the Moor’, Othello, iii. 3. 291; iii. 4. 186; _to put in remembrance_, -to remind, BIBLE, Isaiah xliii. 26; 2 Peter i. 12. - -=remerce,= to ransom by paying the fine; ‘From Owen’s jayle our cosin we -remerst’, Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, st. 11. Cp. _amerce_, to -fine. - -=remercy,= to thank. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 16. F. _remercier_, to -thank. - -=remonstrance,= a representation, resemblance; ‘A remonstrance of this -battle, Where flowers shall seem to fight’, Shirley, Imposture, i. 2 -(Flaviano). F. ‘_remonstrer_, to shew unto, or set before the eyes’, -(Cotgr.); O. Prov. _remostrar_, ‘montrer, démontrer’ (Levy). - -=remora,= the sucking-fish, _Echeneis remora_. Spenser, Vis. of World’s -Vanity, ix. 10; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, ii. 1 (Polish). L. _remora_, -delay; the ancients believed that this fish could stay a ship’s course -by cleaving to it. - -=remord,= to bite in return, to feel remorse; ‘His conscience remording -agayne the destruction of so noble a prince’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. ii, c. 5, § 11; to blame, rebuke, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 983. ME. -_remorde_, to afflict with remorse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 1491). -Anglo-F. _remordre_, to bite, devour, move to repentance (Gower, Mirour, -386, 6679, 10397). - -=remorse,= sorrow, pity, compassion. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 6; Merch. -Ven. iv. 1. 20; Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, i. 1 (Constantius); -Milton, P. L. v. 566; regretful or remorseful remembrance of a thing, -Skelton, Knowledge, 29; _without remorse_, without intermission, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 131; ‘Without any mitigation or remorse of -voice’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 98. - -=rendy,= a ‘rendezvous’; a place of meeting; ‘Th’ appointed rendy’, -Drayton, Pierce Gaveston. For F. _rendez-vous_, a subst. use of -_rendez-vous_, the 2nd pers. plur. imperative of _se rendre_, to present -oneself (at a certain place). - -=reneague,= to deny, renounce. Udall, Paraph. Luke, Pref. 12; to make -denial, King Lear, ii. 2. 84; to refuse, decline, Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, iii. 650. In common prov. use in Ireland and in England in the -west country (EDD.). - -=renfierst,= made more fierce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 45. - -=renforst,= _pt. t._ reinforced himself, gathered his strength together. -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 14. As pp., forced again; id., ii. 10. 48. - -=renge,= a rank. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 13; lf. 230, back, 29; -‘Renge, _ranc_’, Palsgrave. - -=renge,= to range, arrange. Caxton, Hist. Troye, fol. 98. 26; ‘I renge, -or set in array, _je arrengie_’, Palsgrave. - -=renowme,= ‘renown’. BIBLE, Gen. vi. 4, ed. 1611; ‘A man of great -renowme, _Illustris vir_’, Baret, Alvearie; Chapman, Iliad xxii, 186; -_renowmed_, ‘renowned’, BIBLE, Isaiah, xiv. 20; Ezek. xxiii. 23; Richard -III, i. 4. 49 (Qq.); ‘_Renommé_, renowmed, famous, of much note’, -Cotgrave. - -=rense,= to ‘rinse’. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224. This is the -pronunc. of ‘_rinse_’ in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Rench). -See Dict. - -=rent,= to rend, tear. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 215; Macb. iv. 3. 168; -‘_I rent_, I teare a thyng asonder’, Palsgrave. - -=renverst,= turned upside down. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; v. 3. 37. F. -_renverser_, to reverse. - -=reny,= to deny, refuse. _Renide_ (for _renied_), Mirror for Mag., -Guidericus, st. 22. See NED. (s.v. Renay, vb. 3). F. _renier_, to deny. - -=repeat,= to seek again. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 257; Tyrannic Love, -iii (Berenice); Waller, Summer Islands, iii. 64. L. _repetere_, to seek -again. - -=repent,= penance. Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 1 (1867); scene 14. 15 (W.); -p. 176, col. 1 (D.). Also, repentance, Greene, The Palmer’s Ode, 34 (ed. -Dyce, p. 295). - -=reprie, reprive,= to send back to prison, to remand; ‘They repryede me -to prison’, Heywood, Spider and Fly, lxxviii. 158; to reprieve, to -respite or rescue a person from impending punishment; esp. to delay the -execution of a condemned person, ‘I humbly crave your Majestie to . . . -my sonne reprive’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 31. First used in pp., -_repryed_, cp. Anglo-F. _repris_, pp. of _reprendre_, to take back. - -=repriefe,= reproof. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; iii. 8. 1. ME. _repreve_, -reproof (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2413). See =priefe.= - -=reprieve,= to blame, find fault with. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 21; ‘I -repreve one, _je reprouve_’, Palsgrave. ME. _repreve_ (Chaucer, C. T. H. -70); _reprevyn_, ‘reprehendo’ (Prompt.). - -=reprise, reprize,= reprisal, the act of taking something by way of -retaliation, Dryden, Hind and P. iii. 862. As vb., to take again, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 44. F. _reprise_, a getting something back again. - -=requile,= to ‘recoil’. Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 671. - -=require,= to seek after. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 236; to ask, to ask -as a favour, Ant. and Cl. iii. 12. 12; Watson, Poems (ed. Arber, 159); -The Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxxviii. 16; BIBLE, 2 Sam. xii. 20. L. -_requirere_. See Bible Word-Book. - -=rescous,= rescue, assistance, aid. Hall, Chron. Hen. IV, 23 (NED.); -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 31; Spelt _rescousse_, Caxton, Jason, 39 b -(NED.). ME. _rescous_, rescue, help (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2643); OF. -_rescousse_, ‘l’action de délivrer un prisonnier que l’ennemi emmène’) -(Didot). See Dict. M. and S. - -=rescussing,= a rescuing. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, xxiii. 32 (end). - -=resent,= to give off a scent, exhale an odour. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 221. -See NED. (s.v. Resent, vb. 10). - -=resiance,= a residence. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 119, 188); -Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 455, l. 7. See below. - -=resiant;= ‘resident’, lodged, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 28; ‘Here -_resiant_ in Rome’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 3 (Lentulus); _resyants_, -pl., Oxford Records, Dec., 1534 (ed. Turner, 123). Norm. F. _reseant_, -‘habitant’ (Moisy), L. _residentem_, pres. pt. of _residere_, to sit -down, to reside. - -=residence,= that which settles as a deposit, a residuum. B. Jonson, -Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Rut). - -=resipiscency,= a return to a better mind, repentance. Sir T. Browne, -Letter to a Friend, § 41. L. _resipiscentia_. - -=resolute,= decided, positive, final; ‘I expect now your resolute -answer’, Massinger, Picture, iv. 1. - -=resolution,= certainty, positive knowledge. King Lear, i. 2. 108; a -fixed determination, Ford, Broken Heart, i. 1. - -=resolve,= to dissolve, melt; ‘O! that this too too solid flesh would -melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew’, Hamlet, i. 2. 130; to free -from uncertainty, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 193; iv. 2. 226; to satisfy, -Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, iv. 1 (Antinous). - -=respasses,= raspberries. Herrick, To the most fair Mistris A. Soame, -20. For _resp-es-es_, _rasp-es-es_, a double plural. ‘Rasp’ is in prov. -use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See Nares. - -=respective,= careful; ‘You should have been respective’, Merch. Ven. v. -1. 156; worthy of respect, Two Gent. iv. 4. 200; _respectively_, -respectfully, with due respect, Timon, iii. 1. 8; Middleton, Five -Gallants, ii. 1. - -=resplendish,= to shine. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2, § 3. -OF. _resplendir_. See Croft’s note. - -=rest,= a musket-rest; ‘His rest? why, has he a forked head?’, B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Puntarvolo); because the -musket-rest was semicircular; ‘Like a musket on a rest’, Middleton, -Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.). - -=rest,= ‘in primero, the stakes kept in reserve, which were agreed upon -at the beginning of the game, and upon the loss of which the game -terminated; the venture of such stakes’ (NED.); ‘The money he had duly -won upon a rest’, Cotton, Espernon, i. 4. 156; _fig._, ‘When I cannot -live any longer, I will do as I may: That is my rest’, Hen. V, ii. 1. 17 -(Corporal Nym means, this is what I stand to win or lose). Phr. _to set -up one’s rest_, ‘to venture one’s final stake or reserve’ (NED.); hence, -_fig._, to take a decisive resolution, to be determined, ‘I have set up -my rest to run away’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 110; ‘He that sets up his rest -to do more exploits’, Com. Errors, iv. 3. 27; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, -iv. 3 (Alvarez); to place one’s fixed aim in something, ‘He seems to set -up his rest in this plenty, and the neatness of his house’, Pepys, -Diary, Jan. 19, 1663. See Nares. - -=rest,= to ‘arrest’. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 11. 4 (Brainworm); -‘I reste as a sergente dothe a prisoner or his goodes, _je arreste_’, -Palsgrave. In common Scottish use, see EDD. (s.v. Rest, vb.^{2} 3). - -=rest,= a ‘wrest’, a pin for winding up the strings of a harp, &c. -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 137; _wrest_, to wind up, id., Colyn Cloute, 492. - -=rest-balk,= a ridge of land left unploughed between two furrows. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 4. - -=resty,= inert, loath to move, sluggish, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 263; -Cymbeline, iii. 6. 34; _resty stiff_, Edward III, iii. 3. 161. The same -word as ‘restive’ (‘restiff’). Anglo-F. _restif_ (Ch. Rol., 1256). See -Trench, Select Glossary; and Dict. (s.v. Restive). - -=retchless,= reckless, careless. Drayton, Pol. vi. 270; Sackville, -Induction, st. 46. See =recheles.= - -=retire,= a retreat in war. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 54; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 21; -withdrawal from the world, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 27. - -=retrait, retrate,= picture, portrait; look, expression. Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 9. 4; ii. 3. 25. Cp. Span. and Port. _retrato_, a portrait, Ital. -_ritratto_. - -=retray,= _reflex_, to draw back; ‘He retrayed him’, Morte Arthur, leaf -115, back, 29; bk. vii, c. 12. F. _retraire_, ‘to withdraw, draw back’ -(Cotgr.); L. _retrahere_. - -=retrieve:= phr. _to bring to the retrieve_, to make the hawk return to -the lure. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock). - -=revault;= see =revolt.= - -=reverb,= to resound, re-echo. King Lear, i. 1. 156. Cp. L. -_reverberare_, to reverberate. - -=reverberate,= to burn in a furnace in which the heat was continually -driven back upon the substance operated upon. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle). - -=reverence:= in phr. _save reverence_, used apologetically in -introducing some remark that might offend the hearer. Romeo, i. 4. 42; -‘Be it spoken with save the reverence of all women’, Harington, Metam. -Ajax (NED.). Also, _saving reverence_, ‘Who, saving your reverence, is -the divell himselfe’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 27. See Nares (s.v. -Save-reverence). - -=revoke,= to recall, give up. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 517). - -=revolt,= to turn back. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25; spelt _revault_, to -withdraw (words), Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iii. 4 (Philip); -_revolt_, pp. withdrawn, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 1; as sb. a rebel, -deserter, King John, v. 2. 151. See NED. - -=rew,= a row. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17, 35; Fairfax, Tasso, xvii. 75. -The pronunc. of ‘row’ in the south and south-west of England (EDD.). ME. -_rewe_ (Chaucer), OE. _rǣw_ (Sweet). - -=rex:= phr. _to play rex_, to play pranks; understood in the sense of, -to play the lord, to domineer (as if from L. _rex_, king; due to a -popular etymology); ‘To play such _Rex_’, (i.e. such pranks); Spenser, -State of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 659, col. 2); ‘With those did Hercules -play _rex_’ (i.e. played the master), Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, ch. -6, st. 47. See =reaks.= - -=rheumatic,= suffering from catarrh or rheum, characterized by rheum. -Venus and Adonis, 135; Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 105; also, Fletcher, Nice -Valour, ii. 1 (Lady). - -=rhino,= money (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). - -=rhinocerical,= resembling a rhinoceros; huge, large; as a slang term, -of large means, wealthy, rich, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Shamwell). See NED. - -=riband.= A riband was sometimes worn in the ear, as a favour; ‘He that -bought the halfpenny riband, wearing it in his ear, swearing it was the -Duchess of Milan’s favour’, Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Meletza). -_Ribanded ears_, id., Scourge of Villainy, 167. - -=ribaudrie,= ribaldry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 76; hence, -_ribaudred_, profligate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 10. 10. ME. _ribaudrie_ (P. -Plowman, C. i. 45). Anglo-F. _ribaudrie_ (Rough List). - -=ribibe,= an opprobrious term for an old woman, ‘vetula’, prop. a kind -of fiddle, ‘vitula’. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Pug); _rybybe_, -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 492. It is probable that both Skelton and Jonson -took this use of the word from Chaucer (C. T. D. 1377). - -=ribskin,= a leathern apron worn during the process of _ribbing_ or -scraping flax. Spelt _rybskyn_, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 299. - -=rid,= to remove with violence, ‘I shall sone ryd his soule out of his -body’, Ld. Berners, Huen, xlix. 165; to destroy, Tempest, i. 2. 365; to -clear off work, dispatch, ‘Slaves did rid those Manufactures’, Bacon, -Essay 29 (ed. Arber, 483); _to rid way_, to get over the ground, move -ahead, ‘Willingness rids way’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 3. 21. ‘Rid’ is in prov. -use in various parts of England for clearing land, grubbing up -underwood, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Rid, vb.^{2} 1). Of Scand. origin, cp. -Icel. _ryðja_, to clear land, Dan. _rydde_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 2). - -=rid,= to set free, deliver, save. BIBLE, Gen. xxxvii. 22; Ex. vi. 6; -Ps. lxxi (Pr. Bk.); 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 234; to acquit, ‘A judge riddeth -a persone’, Udall, Apoph., 236. OE. _hreddan_, to deliver, cp. Dan. -_redde_, G. _retten_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 1). - -=rid,= to advise; ‘I rid thee, away’ (i.e. I advise thee to depart), -Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). A Scottish form, see NED. (s.v. -Rede, vb.^{1}). See =rede.= - -=ridduck,= a gold coin; ‘Run for a ridduck’ (i.e. to gain a reward), -Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 134. See =ruddock= (2). - -=ride,= to be drawn through the streets in a cart, subject to popular -derision; a form of punishment. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol). - -=rider,= a gold coin, orig. Dutch, having a horseman on the obverse, -worth about 27_s._ Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). Du. _een -goude_ _ryder_, ‘a golden coin having on one side the stamp of a man on -horseback’ (Sewel). - -=ridgel,= a half-castrated animal, a male animal with imperfectly -developed organs. In common prov. use. Only found as a literary word in -Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 6 (Penurio), where it appears as a term of -abuse, ‘Yonder old Rigell, the Captaine’. - -=ridstall-man,= a man whose business is to clear out or clean -cattle-stalls. Greene, James IV, first stage-direction. - -=rifely,= abundantly. Hall, Sat. iv. 3. 74; frequently, Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid, i. 101. ‘Rife’ in the sense of ‘abundant’, also of ‘frequent’ -is still in use in Scotland, and in many parts of England. Cp. Du. -‘_rijf_, rife, or abundant; _rijfelick_, rifely, or abundantly’ -(Hexham). - -=riffle,= to ‘rifle’, plunder. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 681. See -Dict. - -=rifle,= to play at dice, to gamble or raffle for a stake. B. Jonson, -Alchem. i. 1; Dryden, Amboyna, v. 1. Hence _rifling_, Northward Ho, v. 1 -(Bellamont); Minsheu. Still in use in west Yorkshire (Dr. Joseph -Wright). Du. ‘_rijffelen_, to riffle, or who shall cast most upon the -Dice’ (Hexham). - -=rig,= to search into, ransack; ‘And in the bowels of the earth -unsaciably to rig’, Golding, Metam. i. 138; ‘To . . . rig every corner’, -Gosson, Schoole of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 54). - -=rigell;= see =ridgel.= - -=rin,= to run. Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); ‘They -ryde and rinne’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 196. A north-country form -(EDD.). ME. _ryn_, to run (Wars Alex. 1352); _rynnand_, running -(Barbour’s Bruce, iii. 684). - -=rine,= ‘rind’, the outside peel or bark; ‘Bark and rine’, Middleton, -Family of Love, iii. 3. 11; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 111. So in Dorset -(Barnes’ Poems), see EDD. - -=ring:= in phr. _cracked within the ring_; See =crack= (3). - -=ring.= _Running at the ring_, a sport in which a tilter, riding at full -speed, endeavoured to thrust the point of his lance through, and to bear -away, a suspended ring. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Ferdinand). Also -_riding at the ring_, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). - -=ringled,= provided with rings, ringed. Marlowe, Hero and Leander, ii. -143. - -=ringman,= the ring finger, fourth finger. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. -Arber, p. 109). Still in use in Cumberland, see EDD. ME. _ryngeman -fyngur_, ‘anularis’ (Cath. Angl.). In B. Jonson’s Alchemist, i. 1 (p. -243), Subtle says, ‘In chiromancy we give the fore-finger to Jove. The -ring (i.e. the ring-finger) to Sol.’ See Halliwell (s.v. Ring-finger). - -=ringo-root,= an eater of eringo-root; a term of contempt. Marston, -Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 112. - -=ringtail,= the female of the hen-harrier. Used _fig._ Beaumont and Fl., -Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See NED. - -=rippier, ripper,= an itinerant seller of fish; ‘Like a rippier’s legs -rolled up In boots of hay-ropes’, Chapman, Bussy d’Ambois, iii (Bussy); -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). Still in use in E. Anglia, Kent, -and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Ripp). See NED. - -=rish,= a rush. Spelt _rishe_, Ascham, Scholemaster, pt. i (ed. Arber, -p. 54); pl. _rishes_, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xix, c. 2; vol. ii, p. -7A. ‘Rish’ is in common use in Ireland and in many parts of England—in -Yorks., Cheshire, also in Kent and the south-west, see EDD. (s.v. Rush, -sb.^{1} (10)). OE. _risc_ (see Oldest English Texts, p. 503). - -=risp,= a twig; esp. a limed twig for catching birds. Golding, Metam. -xv. 473; fol. 185, bk. (1603); ‘_Boschetto_, a grove . . . a rispe, a -lushe or lime-twigge to catch birds’, Florio (1598). See NED. and EDD. - -=risse,= _pt. t._ and _pp._ of the vb. to rise. As pt. t. pl. (OE. -_rison_), B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 2 (Cicero). As pp. (OE. _risen_), -id., iii. 2 (Cicero). The use of _risse_ for the pt. s. occurs in -Shirley, Duke’s Mistress, v. 4 (Horatio), and occasionally elsewhere. -‘Riss’ (‘ris’) is found as a prov. form for the pt. t. and pp. of ‘rise’ -in Yorks., Linc., and Northants, see EDD. - -=ritter,= a horse-soldier. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii. 1 (Savoy). -G. _Ritter_, a knight, lit. a ‘rider’. - -=rittlerattle,= a child’s rattle. Golding, Metam. ix. 692; fol. 118 -(1603); Latin text, _Sistraque_. See NED. - -=rivage,= shore, bank. Hen. V, iii, chorus; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 20. F. -_rivage_. - -=rive,= to fire a cannon, so as almost to burst it. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. -29; to be split, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 35. See Dict. - -=rive= [riv], for _riven_, pp. of _rive_, to tear. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. -5 (riming with ‘give’). ‘Riv’, pp., is in prov. use in Linc. and E. -Anglia (EDD.). - -=rivelled,= wrinkled; spelt _ryvilde_, More, Chron. Richard III (ed. -1883, 54), ‘Rivelled fruits’, Dryden, All for Love, Prol. 40; pleated, -gathered in small folds, ‘Capes pleated and ryveled’, Stubbes, Anat. -Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 74); twisted, Marlowe and Nashe, Dido, iii. 1 -(Dido). In prov. use in Shropshire, Heref., and Dorset (EDD.). ME. -_riveled_, wrinkled (Gower, C. A. viii. 2829). OE. _rifelede_, ‘rugosus’ -(Napier’s Glosses, 187. 78). - -=rivo!,= an exclamation used at drinking-bouts. ‘_Rivo_, sayes the -drunkard’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 124; Massinger. Renegado, ii. 6 (Gazet). In -Portuguese ships they use the cry _Arriba! Arriba!_, ‘Up! Up!’, for -summoning sailors to their work. See Stanford. - -=road,= a ‘raid’, inroad, incursion. Hen. V, i. 2. 138; Beaumont and -Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (1 Ambassador). - -=roarer;= the same as =roaring boy,= q. v. Massinger, Renegado, i. 3 -(Gazet); A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Brewen); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. -102. - -=roaring,= the language of ‘roarers’, or bullies. Ford, Lover’s -Melancholy, iii. 1 (Cuculus); their behaviour, Heywood, The Fair Maid, -i. 3 (Spencer). - -=roaring boys,= a cant term for the insolent bloods and vapourers whose -delight was to annoy well-behaved citizens. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. -1 (Castruccio). There was but one _roaring girl_, viz. Mary Frith, or -Moll Cutpurse, the heroine of Middleton’s play entitled The Roaring -Girl. - -=Roaring-Meg.= ‘In this (Edinburgh) Castle is one of the largest Canons -in Great Britain, called Roaring-Megg’, Brome, Trav. (ed. 1707, p. 195); -Churchyard, Siege of Ed. Castle (NED.). Hence, a huge cannon, Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable. - -=roat;= See =rote= (2). - -=rochet,= a fish; the red gurnard. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Corvino); -Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104. - -=rochet,= the blunt iron head of a tilting weapon. Caxton, Hist. Troye, -lf. 124, back, 17. F. ‘_rochet_, the blunt iron head of a tilting-staff’ -(Cotgr.). OF. _rochet_, ‘fer de la lance’ (Didot). - -=rock,= a distaff. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (l. 5 from end); -Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 77. Still in use in the north country, -Midlands, and E. Anglia (EDD.). Icel. _rokkr_. - -=rocket,= a ‘rochet’, an outer garment, a kind of cloak or mantle. -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 54; a vestment of linen, usually worn by bishops -and abbots, chiefly Scottish (NED). [‘With mitre sheen and rocquet -white’, Sir W. Scott, Marmion, vi. 11.] O. Prov. _roquet_, ‘rochet, -surplis’ (Levy); Norm. F. _roquet_, manteau court (Moisy). - -=rocket,= a blunt-headed lance. Ld. Berners, Froissart, II. clxii. See -=rochet= (2). - -=rockray,= a line or reef of rocks. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. -20 from end. _Ray_ = F. _raie_, Med. L. _riga_ (Ducange). - -=Roger,= a goose (Cant). Harman, Caveat, p. 83; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, -v. 1 (Higgen). In both passages, _Tib of the buttery_ is given as -another cant name for the goose. See Halliwell. - -=roile, royle,= an inferior or spiritless horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. -76; ‘That horse which tyreth like a roile’, Gascoigne, Complaint of -Philomene (ed. Arber, 117); ‘A timorouse royle’, Sir T. Elyot, bk. i, -ch. 17 (ed. Croft, i. 178); a draught-horse of Flemish breed, ‘The -Flemish roile’, Harrison, Desc. England, iii. 1 (NED.). - -=roile,= to wander, to roam about. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 -(Tibet); Golding, tr. Metam. iii. 55; ‘To royle abroad, _divagari_’, -Levins, Manip.; Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 141). ME. _roile_, to -roam about (Chaucer, C.T. D. 653, Lansd. MS.); _roylyn_ or gone ydyl -abowte, ‘vagor, discurro’ (Prompt. 436). See Notes to Piers Plowman, B. -x. 297, p. 94. - -=roister, royster,= a bully, a noisy reveller; ‘Dissolute swordmen and -suburb roysters’, Milton, Eikonoklastes, iv; ‘_Rustre_, a royster, -swaggerer’, Cotgrave. Still in use in Scotland and Yorks. (EDD.). See -Dict. (s.v. Roistering). - -=roisting,= the conduct of roisterers, blustering. Disobedient Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 300; boisterous, uproarious, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. -208. - -=roke,= to search, rummage; ‘Roking in the ashes’, Gammer Gurton’s -Needle, i. 4 (Gammer). See EDD. (s.v. Rauk, 3). - -=rom,= good, phr. _rom bouse_, good wine (Cant). Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Song). See =Rom-vile.= - -=romage,= bustle, commotion. Hamlet, i. 1. 107. Still in use in -Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Rummage, 6). - -=rombelow=(=e,= a cry used by sailors when rowing; ‘Heve and how -rombelow, row the bote, Norman, rowe!’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252; -‘Some songe heve and howe rombelowe’, Cocke Lorell’s Bote. ME. -_rumbeloo_ (Coer de Lion, 2522). See NED. (s.v. Rumbelow). - -=romekin,= some kind of drinking-vessel; ‘Large Saxon Romekins’, -Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). Cp. Du. _roemer_, a wine-glass -(Sewel). See NED. (s.v. Rumkin^{1}). - -=Rom-vile,= a cant term for London. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Song). _Rom_, i.e. good, refers to _Rommany_, gipsy; _vile_ = F. -_ville_, town. See =rom.= - -=rondure, roundure,= a circle, circular or rounded form. Dekker, O. -Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune); King John, ii. 259; Shak. Sonnets, xxi. 8. -F. _rondeur_, roundness (Cotgr.). - -=ront,= a runt, an ox or cow of a small size. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., -5. Du. _rund_, ‘a runt, a bullock or an oxe’ (Hexham). - -=ronyon;= see =runnion.= - -=roodes.= In Mirror for Mag., Harold, st. 23, apparently used in the -sense of ‘crosses’, vexations. - -=rook,= _reflex_, to crouch, squat; ‘The raven rook’d her on the -chimney’s top’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 47. Still in use in various parts of -England; see EDD. (s.v. Rook, vb.^{3}). ME. _rouken_ (Chaucer). See -=rucke.= - -=room,= widely. _Roomer_, more widely, farther away, Sir J. Harington on -Bishops (Nares). OE. _rūme_, widely. See NED. (s.v. Room, adv.). - -=roome mort, rome mort,= a great lady, lady of high rank (Cant). B. -Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘_Rome mort_, the quene’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 84. _Rome_, excellent (in Rommany); See =mort= (2). - -=rope:= in phr. _to run upon the ropes_, to act the part of a -rope-dancer, Puritan Widow, iv. 3. 41. - -=roperipe,= ripe for the rope, fit for being hanged. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 92. 3; Chapman, May Day, iii; Wilson, Arte of Rhetorique; Minsheu; see -Nares. - -=ropery,= knavery. Romeo, ii. 4. 154; Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 1 -(Landlady); cp. _roper_, ‘one who deserves the rope’ (NED.); -rope-tricks, knave’s tricks, Taming Shrew, i. 2. 112. - -=rosa solis,= i.e. ‘Rose of the Sun’, an alcoholic cordial variously -flavoured with spices; ‘Run for some _Rosa-solis_’, Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (Martha); T. Cogan, Haven of Health, 226; -Middleton, Blurt, iii. 3; name of a herb, ‘The herb called _Rosa-Solis_, -whereof they make Strong Waters’, Bacon, Nat. Hist., Cent. v, § 495. See -Stanford. - -=rosaker,= alteration of _rosalger_, realgar, disulphide of arsenic; ‘A -tabacco-pipe . . . little better than ratsbane or rosaker’, B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (Cob). Port. _rosalgár_, ‘réalgar, sulfure -d’arsenic’ (Roquette); Span. _rejalgar_; ‘le terme signifie propremont -_poudre de caverne_, et je suppose qu’on a donné ce nom à l’arsenic, -parce qu’on le tirait des mines d’argent’, Dozy, Glossaire des Mots -dérivés de l’Arabe, p. 332. - -=rose.= The three-farthing pieces of Queen Elizabeth were very thin, and -had the profile of the sovereign with a rose at the back of the head; -see King John, i. 143. ‘Yes, ’tis three-pence, I smell the rose’, -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, Pt. I, iii. 4 (Firk). - -=rose,= a rosette; a knot of ribands, worn on the front of a shoe. -Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 41; Devil’s Law-case, ii. -1 (Ariosto); B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 2 (Pug). - -=rose-noble,= a variety of the noble, stamped with a rose, of varying -value; sometimes worth 16_s_. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 -(Captain). - -=roset,= roseate, rosy. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 591 (L. _purpureum_); -vii. 26 (L. _roseis_). - -=rosiall,= rosy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2 (first ed. -1531). [I suggest that the name ‘Rosiall’, occurring thrice in the poem -called the Courte of Love, was suggested by this passage; and that the -Courte of Love was later than 1581, and later than Thynne’s Chaucer, ed. -1532.] - -=rosiere,= a rose-bush. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 19. F. _rosier_ (Cotgr.); -L. _rosarium_; from _rosa_, a rose. - -=ros-marine,= rosemary; ‘Wholesome dew, called ros-marine’, B. Jonson, -Masque of Blackness (Æthiopia). L. _rosmarinum_, rosemary, lit. marine -dew (Pliny). F. _rosmarin_, rosemarie (Cotgr.). See Alphita, p. 155 -(s.v. Ros marinus). - -=rost:= in phr. _to rule the rost_, to be absolute in authority, to -domineer. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 813; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 429. See -=rule the roast.= - -=rote,= a musical instrument, a lyre. Spenser, ii. 10. 3; iv. 9. 6. ME. -_rote_, a kind of fiddle (Chaucer), OF. _rote_ (Didot), O. Prov. _rota_, -‘rote, instrument à cordes’ (Levy), also OHG. _rota_ (Schade); probably -of Celtic origin, cp. O. Irish _crot_, a harp, lyre; Mod. Irish _cruit_ -(Dinneen), whence ME. _croude_ (Wyclif, Luke xv. 25). See Dict. - -=rote, roat,= to repeat, as an echo does; to repeat a tune or song. -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi (Melanthus, 8); ‘The echoes . . . -each to other diligently rotes’, id., David and Goliath. - -=rother,= a ‘rudder’; hence, controlling power. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, -vi. 859; Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 12. ME. _rother_ (Gower, C. A. -ii. 2494); OE. _rōðer_, a steering-paddle. - -=rouke,= to squat, crouch, used _fig._; ‘Bookes that happlye rouke in -studentes mewes’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, Ded. (ed. Arber, 7). See -=rucke.= - -=rouncival, rownseval,= huge, gigantic, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. -690 (with reference to the Cyclopean monsters); spelt _rounceval_, a -woman of large build and boisterous manners, Heywood, Golden Age, A. ii -(Jupiter); Nashe, Saffron Walden (Grosart, iii. 52). See =runcival -pease.= - -=round,= to whisper. King John, ii. 1. 566. In prov. use in England and -Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Roun). ME. _rownen_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 241); -OE. _rūnian_. - -=round,= a dance in which the performers move in a ring; a song by two -or more persons in turn. Macbeth, iv. 1. 130; Fletcher, Faithful -Shepherdess, i. 2 (Thenot). - -=round:= phr. _gentlemen of the round_, soldiers whose business it was -to go round and inspect the sentinels and watches. B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. iii. 5 (E. Knowell); ‘The round? an excellent way to train up -soldiers’, Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (near the end). - -=round,= plain-spoken, direct. Middleton, A Mad World, i. 2 (Harebrain); -Twelfth Night, ii. 3. 104; Hamlet, iii. 1. 192. - -=roundly,= readily, without hesitation or preface. Taming Shrew, iii. 2. -216; iv. 4. 108; v. 2. 21; Richard II, ii. 1. 122; ‘Will come off -roundly’ (i.e. will pay handsomely), Middleton, The Widow, iv. 2 -(Latrocinio); in a plain outspoken manner, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, -59). Still in prov. use (EDD.). - -=rous,= with a bounce, bang! Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 2 (Bayes). -‘Rouse’ (pronounced with voiceless _s_), meaning ‘noisily’, ‘with a -crash’, is in prov. use in Devon and Somerset (EDD.). - -=rouse,= a bumper, a full draught of liquor; ‘I have took a rouse or two -too much’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 4. 10; a drinking -bout, Hamlet, i. 2. 126; Marlowe, Faustus, iii. 4. 20. Norw. dial. -_ruus_, a headache from drinking (Aasen); Dan. _rus_, intoxication: -_sove rusen ud_, to sleep out one’s drunken fit; see Larsen; cp. Du. -_roes_: ‘_eenen roes drinken_, to drink till one is fuddled; _hy heeft -eenen roes weg_, he is fuddled’ (Sewel). - -=rout,= a number of animals going together; ‘Of fallow beasts the -company is called an _heard_, and of blacke beasts it is called a rout, -or a sounder’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100. Norm. F. _route_, -‘troupe’ (Moisy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Route). - -=rout,= to assemble together. Roister Doister, iv. 7. 2; Bacon, Life of -Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 66). See Dict. M. and S. - -=rove,= to shoot with arrows at a mark selected at pleasure or at -random, and not of any fixed distance. Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 122; Warner, -Albion’s England, ii. 9. 39; Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; ‘She rovde at me -with glauncing eye’, Shep. Kal., Aug., 79; to shoot an arrow without -fixed aim, ‘Manie bowlts were roved after him’, Harington in Nugae Ant. -(NED.); _a rovynge marke_, a mark placed at an uncertain distance, -Ascham, Toxophilus, 145; _rovers_, arrows used for this kind of -shooting, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Masque 2 (Cupid); _to shoot at -rovers_, to shoot at random, ‘Love’s arrows are but shot at rovers’, -Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 941; ‘Cato talked at rovers’ (i.e. at random), -Udall, tr. Apoph., Pompey, § 14. - -=rowel,= to insert a circular piece of leather, with a hole in the -centre, into a wound, to cause a discharge of humours; to insert a kind -of seton; ‘He has been ten times rowelled’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, iii. 2 (Young Loveless). - -=rowen,= the second growth of grass in a season, the aftermath, eddish; -the second crop of hay. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 25; Worlidge, Syst. -Agric.; Blount, Glossogr. (s.v. Edish); _rowen grass_, Holland, Pliny, -xviii. 28; _rowen hay_, id., _rowen partridge_, a partridge frequenting -a field of ‘rowen’, id., Plutarch’s Morals, 570 (NED.); also _rowen_, -‘As for the partridges . . . the old rowens full subtilly seeme to -wait’, id., 219. The word ‘rowen’ in various forms is in prov. use from -Linc. and Worc. to Kent and Hants. (EDD.). ME. _raweyne hey_, ‘fenum -serotinum’ (Prompt.); _rewayn_ (in Bp. Hatfield’s Survey, ann. 1382, -Surtees, 170). Norm.F. *_rewain_ (mod. Picard _rouain_) = F. _regain_; -_gaïn_ = Romanic type _guadīmen_, _wadīmen_, of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. -_weida_, pasture (Schade). See Thomas, Essais Phil. Fr. (s.v. Regain), -p. 371. - -=royal,= a gold coin of the value of ten shillings, in Shaks., not -expressly mentioned, but alluded to by way of punning, Richard II, v. 5. -67; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 157; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 28. - -=royne,= to grumble, to murmur discontentedly; ‘Yet did he murmure with -rebellious sound and softly royne’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 33. A -north-country word (EDD.). See NED. - -=royne,= to pare away, curtail, alter. Phaer, Aeneid x, 35 (L. _Flectere -iussa_). OF. _roignier_, to cut so as to round off. See =proine= (to -prune). - -=roynish,= scurvy, poor. As You Like It, ii. 2. 8; rough, coarse, -Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. Cp. F. ‘_rongneux_, scurvie, mangy’; -‘_rongne_, the mange’ (Cotgr.); mod. F. _rogne_, _rogneux_. - -=rub,= in a card-game, to take all the cards in a suit. Heywood, A Woman -killed, iii. 2 (Wendoll); with a quibbling reference to _rob_; -‘_Piller_, to rub, or rob, at cards’, Cotgrave. - -=ruck,= a huge fabulous bird, supposed to be bred in Madagascar. -Drayton, Noah’s Flood (footnote—the mighty Indian bird); Burton, Anat. -Mel. ii. 2. 2; Herrick, Misc. Poems, 7 (NED.). Arab. _rukhkh_. See -Stanford (s.v. Roc). - -=ruck,= to belch forth, utter. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 488. L. -_ructare_. See NED. - -=rucke,= to couch, squat; ‘On the house did rucke A cursed owle’, -Golding, Metam. xv. 400; Warner, Albion’s England, vii. 37. 121. Still -in use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Ruck, vb.^{5}). ME. -_rukkyn_ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1851). See =rook, rouke.= - -=ruddock,= the redbreast or robin. Spenser, Epithal. 82; Cymbeline, iv. -2. 224. In common prov. use in Scotland, and in many parts of England -(EDD.). ME. _ruddok_ (Prompt), OE. _rudduc_. - -=ruddock,= a gold coin. Sir John Oldcastle, i. 2. 158; London Prodigal, -ii. 1. 36; Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1. See Nares. - -=rudesby,= an unmannerly or boorish person. Golding, Metam. v. 583; fol. -64, back (1603). - -=ruelle,= the space in a bedroom between the bed and the wall. Etherege, -Man of Mode, iv. 2 (Sir Fopling); Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 -(Wildair). ME. _ruel_ (P. Plowman, C. x. 79); F. ‘_ruelle: la ruelle du -lict_, the space between the bed and the wall’ (Cotgr.). - -=ruffe,= ‘the Card-game called Ruffe or Trump’, so Cotgrave (s.v. -Triomphe); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch); the trump card, ‘the Ruff at -Cards, _Charta dominatrix_’, Coles, Eng.-Lat. Dict., 1699. Ital. -_ronfa_, a card-game (Florio), perhaps a popular corruption of -_trionfo_; F. ‘_triomphe_, a Trump at cards’ (Cotgr.). - -=ruffe,= the highest pitch of some exalted or excited condition; ‘Wher -is all the ruffe of thy gloriousnes become?’, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. -Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 49); excitement, passion, fury, Golding, Metam. -xiii. 296 (NED.); Gascoigne (ed. Arber, ii. 94). - -=ruffin,= the name of a fiend, Chester Plays, v. 166; the Devil, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); ‘I sweare by the Ruffin’, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. 389). - -=ruffin,= a ruffian, a man of brutal character, Plot, Staffordshire. -291; as adj., appropriate to a ruffian, ‘His ruffin raiment’, Spenser, -F. Q. i. 4. 34. - -=ruffler,= one of a class of vagabonds prevalent in the 16th century. -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See Nares. - -=ruffmans,= a cant term for a hedge. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor). See =darkmans.= - -=ruffpeck,= bacon (Cant). ‘_Ruff peck_, bacon’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; -‘Here’s ruffpeck and casson’ (i.e. bacon and cheese), Brome, Jovial -Crew, ii. 1 (Song). - -=rug-gown,= a gown made of rug or coarse frieze; worn by watchmen; -hence, allusively, a watchman; ‘There a whole stand of rug-gowns routed -manly’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); also, worn by -astrologers, ‘You sky-staring coxcombs . . . you are good for nothing -but to . . . make rug-gowns dear’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. iii. -2 (Sordido); Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Lampatho). - -=rule,= course of proceeding, line of conduct. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 132. -ME. _rule_, conduct (York Myst. xxvi. 34). - -=rule,= disorder, stir, riot; ‘What a rule is there! _Quid turbae -est!_’, W. Walker, Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 381; ‘Such rule and ruffle make -the rowte that cum to see our geare’, Drant, Horace, Ep. ii. 1; ‘What a -reul’s here. You make a nice reul’, Thorseby, Letter to Ray (EDD.). -‘Reul’ (or ‘Rule’) appears in EDD. as a north-country word, meaning to -behave in a rude, disorderly manner. It is identical with the prov. word -‘roil’, to be noisy, boisterous, turbulent, see EDD. (s.v. Roil, vb.^{2} -1). - -=rule the roast,= to be absolute master; ‘I am my lady’s cook, and king -of the kitchen; where I rule the roast, command imperiously, and am a -very tyrant in my office’, Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). The -origin of the phrase is obscure; but it may easily have arisen, as here -suggested, from the sway exercised by a master-cook; the same phrase is -used of a cook by Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46). - -=ruless,= rule-less, unruly. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 431. - -=ruly,= orderly, law-abiding, amenable to law. Warner, Alb. England, bk. -ix, ch. 40, st. 20. - -=rumbelo,= rumbling, resounding; ‘Great bouncing rumbelo thund’ring -Ratleth’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 101. See =rombelow=(=e==.= - -†=rumming= (?); ‘Much like a rumming streame’, Twyne, Aeneid x, 603 (L. -_torrentis aquae_). - -=run at the ring;= See =ring= (2). - -=runcival pease,= runcival peas, peas of a large size, Tusser, -Husbandry, § 41. 9. See =rouncival.= - -=rundle,= applied to the spherical surface of the earth. Lyly, Woman in -the Moon, i. 1. 11. Hence _rundled_, circular, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -vii. 239. - -=runnion= (=ronyon=), an abusive term applied to a woman. Macbeth, i. 3. -6; Merry Wives, iv. 2. 195. - -=rush-buckler,= a swash-buckler, noisy ruffian; ‘Stoute bragging -russhe-bucklers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 82). - -=rushes,= with which floors were strewed, before the introduction of -carpets. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 1. - -=russeting,= a kind of ruddy apple. Chapman, The Ball, ii. 1 (Barker). -See Dict. (s.v. Russet). - -=russet-pated;= ‘Russet-pated choughs’, with heads of a reddish-brown -colour, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 21. - -=rutter,= a cavalry soldier, esp. a German one; ‘You are a Rutter, borne -in Germanie’, Kyd, Sol. and Pers. i. 3; ‘Almain rutters’, Marlowe, -Faustus, i. 1 (Valdes); ‘Regiment of rutters’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s -Prize, i. 4 (Sophocles). Du. _ruiter_, a trooper, horseman (Sewel); cp. -O. Prov. _rotier_, a trooper, half soldier, half robber; _rota_, a band -of men, a troop (Appel); Med. L. _rupta_ ‘cohors’ (Ducange, s.v. -Rumpere, p. 237, col. 3). - -=ruttock,= a staff, stick. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § -10; _rottocke_, id., Diogenes, § 116. - -=rutty,= full of ‘roots’ of trees. Spenser, Prothalamion, 12. - -=rye-strew,= a straw of rye; applied derisively to a heavy weapon. -Heywood. Four Prentises (Eustace), vol. ii, p. 203. - - - - - S - - -=sack,= a loose kind of gown worn by ladies. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. -Dyce, p. 516). - -=sackage, saccage,= the act of sacking (a city, &c.); ‘The saccage of -Carthage’, Holland, tr. Pliny, I. xv. 18. 443; _to saccage_, to sack or -plunder, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 24, p. 63. Fr. _saccager_, to sack, -ransack, pillage (Cotgr.). - -=sackful,= given to plundering; ‘Sackful troops’, Mirror for Mag., -Robert, D. of Normandy, st. 40; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 601. - -=sackless,= guiltless, innocent, Greene, Isabel’s Sonnet, l. 9 (ed. -Dyce, p. 299); _sakeles_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 379. In common prov. use -in the north country (EDD.). ME. _sakless_, innocent (Barbour’s Bruce, -xx. 175). OE. _saclēas_, free from charge, guiltless (Matt. xxviii. 14, -Lind.). - -=sacrament,= an oath. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1 (Cat.). L. -_sacramentum_, the military oath of allegiance; also, an oath, a solemn -engagement. - -=sacring-bell,= the small bell rung at the elevation of the host. Hen. -VIII, iii. 2. 295. Deriv. of the vb. _sacre_, to consecrate the elements -in the Eucharist, ‘I sacre, I halowe, _Je sacre_’, Palsgrave. ME. -_sacryn_ or halwyn, ‘consecro’ (Prompt.). - -=sad,= settled, steadfast, constant. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 45; -‘Settled in his face I see Sad resolution and secure’, Milton, P. L. vi. -541; grave, serious, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 23. 5; grave, sober (of -attire), F. Q. i. 10. 7. ME. _sad_ or sobyr, ‘maturatus, agelastes’ -(Prompt.). - -=sadness,= seriousness, gravity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 77. ME. _sadnesse_ -in poorte and chere, ‘soliditas, maturitas’ (Prompt.). - -=safe,= to make safe, to secure. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 55; _saft_, pt. t., -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 291; pp., id., 444. - -=safeguard,= an outer skirt worn by women to protect their dress when -riding; ‘Enter _Moll_, in a frieze jerkin and a black safeguard’, -Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, ii. 1 -(Marine). Formerly in prov. use in the west country in Devon, pronounced -‘seggard’; see (EDD.) (s.v. Safeguard). See Nares. - -=saffo,= a serjeant, catchpole. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.); v. 8 -(1 Avoc). Ital. ‘_zaffo_ (_saffo_), a common serjeant or base -catch-pole, specially in Venice’ (Florio). - -=sag=(=g,= to sink or subside gradually; ‘The Elme and the Ash are -tough, howbeit they will soone settle downward and sag, being charged -with any weight’, Holland, Pliny, i. 492; _fig._ (of the mind), ‘The -minde I sway by . . . shall never sagge with doubt’, Macbeth, v. 3. 10; -_sagge_, hanging or sagging down, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 27. In gen. -prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Sag, vb.^{2}). ME. -_saggyn_ (Prompt.). - -=sagg,= to drag oneself along wearily or feebly. Drayton, Pol. xvi. 219; -Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 283. Norw. dial. _sagga_, to walk heavily and -slowly from weariness (Ross). - -=saine,= _pr. pl._, they say. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 55. ME. _seien_, -pr. pl. P. Plowman). - -=saint,= a card-game; see =cent.= - -=Saint Nicholas’ clerk,= a highwayman. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 67; Rowley, A -Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Randall). See Nares (s.v. Nicholas). - -=Saint Thomas à Waterings,= a place anciently used for executions for -the county of Surrey, as Tyburn for Middlesex. It was situated at the -second milestone on the Kent road, near a brook, a place for watering -horses, whence its name; dedicated to St. Thomas Beket, being the first -place of any note on the road to Canterbury: ‘And forth we riden . . . -Unto the watering of seint Thomas, And there our host bigin his hors -areste’, Chaucer, C. T. A. 826. The allusions to this spot as a place of -execution are numerous; ‘He may perhaps take a degree at Tyburn . . . -come to read a lecture Upon Aquinas, at St. Thomas à Watering’s, And so -go forth a laureat in hemp circle’, B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Host). See -Nares (s.v. Waterings). - -=saker,= a kind of falcon. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 696; Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); also, a kind of ordnance or cannon, -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (Bots); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 355. This -word for a falcon is common to all the Latin nations; of Arabic origin, -see Dozy, Glossaire, 338. - -=sale,= a willow; used by Spenser to signify a wicker basket made of -willow-twigs for catching fish. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 81. See EDD. -(s.v. Seal, sb.^{3}). OE. _sealh_, a willow. - -=sale,= a hall, large chamber. Morte Arthur, bk. xvii, ch. 16 (p. 713); -The World and the Child, l. 12, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. F. _salle_ -(_sale_), a hall (Cotgr.). - -=saliant,= sportive, lively. Fletcher, The Chances, iv. 3 (Petruccio). -From the heraldic use, as ‘lion _saliant_’. Anglo-F. _saillant_, pres. -pt. of _sailler_, to leap (Ch. Rol. 2469). - -=saliaunce,= assault, onslaught, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 29. Anglo-F. -_assaillir_, to attack (Ch. Rol. 2564); _saillir_ (Wace, Rom. de Rou, -2595). - -=sallet,= a light head-piece. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; Thersites, 55 (ed. -Pollard). Often used with a quibble referring to _sallet_, a form of -_salad_; as in Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 1. O. Prov. _salada_, sorte de -casque (Levy), F. _salade_, ‘a salade, helmet, head-piece’ (Cotgr.), -Ital. _celata_, ‘a morion, a casket, an helmet’ (Florio). See Nares. - -=Salmon, Salomon,= the sacrament or oath of the beggars; ‘Salomon, a -alter or masse’, Harman, Caveat, 83; ‘A part too of our salmon’, B. -Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (2 Gipsy); ‘By the Salomon’, Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘By Salmon’, Brome, Jovial Crew (NED.). - -=salpa,= a kind of stock-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. -_salpa_ (Pliny). - -=salt.= A salt-cellar was usually placed near the middle of a long -table, to divide the company according to their social rank; those of -inferior distinction being placed _below the salt_. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). _Above the salt_, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, -iii. 1 (Steward). - -=salt,= a leap, esp. one made by a horse. Webster, White Devil -(Lodovico), ed. Dyce, p. 34; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 2 (Wittipol). -L. _saltus_, a leap. - -=saltimbanco,= a mountebank, a quack. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. -i, c. 3, § 11; _saltinbancho_, Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 1007. Ital. -_saltimbanco_, a mountebank; from _saltare in banco_, to mount upon a -bench; ‘_Salta in banco_, as _Monta in banco_; _montáre in bánco_, to -play the mountebank’ (Florio). Span. ‘_Sálta en banco_, a mountebank’ -(Stevens). See Stanford. - -=salue,= to salute. Holland, Pliny II, 297; Udall, Apoph. 122; _salew_, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. ME. _salue_, _salewe_ (Chaucer); F. _saluer_; -L. _salutare_. - -=saluë, salvee,= some kind of boat; ‘Twentie Caruiles, and Saluees ten’, -Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 257. NED. (s.v. Salve, 3) gives a -quotation of a passage which Dekker evidently copied, ‘There are 20 -Carauels for the service of the above named Armie [the Armada], and -likewise 10 Saluës with sixe Oares a-peece’, Archdeacon, tr. True Disc. -Army, K. Spain, 38 (1588). - -=salvage,= savage. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Picrato). Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 6. 39; ii. 8. 42. O. Prov. _salvatge_, ‘qui vit dans les bois, -sauvage, farouche’ (Levy); Med. L. _salvaticus_ (Ducange); cp. Ital. -_salvático_; L. _silvaticus_ (Pliny). - -=salvatory,= a box for holding ointments. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, iv. 2 -(Bosola); ‘The Surgeon’s Salvator or Salvatory or his Box of Unguents’, -Holme, Armoury, iii. 438; ‘_Salvatory_, a Surgeon’s Box, to hold Salves, -Ointments, and Balsams’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. In Med. L. _salvalorium_ -is given in Ducange only with the meanings (1) _vivarium piscium_, (2) -_monasterium_, ‘ubi quis a mundi periculis tutus _salvatur_ seu -servatur’. - -=salvee;= see =saluë.= - -=sam,= together. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. ME. _sum_, together -(Cursor M. 9750); see NED. (s.v. Samen, adv.), and Dict. M. and S. - -=sambuke,= a triangular stringed-instrument of a very sharp shrill tone. -Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 39). ME. _sambuke_ (Wyclif, Dan. iii. 5), -L. _sambuca_ (Vulgate), Gk. σαμβύκη (LXX). - -=sambuke,= a military engine for storming walls. Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, ix. 73. L. _sambuca_ (Vegetius). - -=samite,= a rich silk stuff. Morte Arthur, leaf 344. 30; bk. xvi, c. 17; -leaf 380, back, 30; bk. xviii, c. 19 [Tennyson, Morte d’Arthur, 31 and -144]. O. Prov. _samit_, ‘étoffe de soie’ (Levy); Med. L. _examitum_; -Byz. Gk. ἑξάμιτον, lit. woven with six different kinds of thread; see -Ducange (s.v. Exametum); cp. Span. _xaméte_ (Stevens). - -=sampire,= ‘samphire’. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 763; King Lear, iv. 6. 15; -_sampier_, Baret, Alvearie. F. ‘_herbe de S. Pierre_, sampire’ (Cotgr.). - -=sampsuchine,= oil of marjoram. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). Gk. σαμψύχινον, of marjoram; σάμψυχον, marjoram. - -=sanbenito.= Under the Spanish Inquisition a penitential garment of -yellow cloth, ornamented with a red St. Andrew’s cross before and -behind, worn by a confessed and penitent heretic; ‘The Inquisitors . . . -bringing with them certaine fooles coats . . . called . . . _S. -Benitos_’, M. Phillips in Hakluyt’s Voyages, iii. 480; a garment of a -black colour ornamented with flames, devils, and other devices worn by -an impenitent heretic at an auto-da-fé, ‘Sambenitas, painted with all -the flames and devils in hell’, Marvell, Reh. Transp. i. 276. In -Butler’s Hud. iii. 2. 1574, ‘Sambenites’ are referred to vaguely. The -garment was so called from _San Benito_, St. Benedict, from its -resemblance to the scapular introduced by St. Benedict. See NED. and -Stanford. - -=sance-bell, saunce-bell,= corruptly =saint’s-bell,= the Sanctus-bell, -the bell orig. rung at the _Sanctus_ at Mass. The _Sanctus_ or -_Ter-sanctus_ refers to the word _sanctus_ (thrice repeated) in the -conclusion to the Eucharistic preface; in the English Liturgy ‘Holy, -holy, holy’. _Sance-bells_, pl., Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool). Spelt -_saint’s bell_, Hall, Satires, bk. v, Sat. 1, l. 119; _saunce-bell_, -Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 3 (Toby). See NED. (s.v. Sanctus Bell). - -=sanctus:= phr. _a black sanctus_, a burlesque hymn, accompanied by -discordant noises; a great discord. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 -(Mirabel); Mad Lover, iv. 1 (Fool); _black Saunce_, Lyly, Endimion, iv. -2. 33. See Nares (s.v. Sanctus), and =tintamar.= - -=sanglier,= a full-grown wild boar. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100; -Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5 (ed. 1615, 43). F. _sanglier_, Med. L. -_singularis_ (Vulg., Ps. lxxix. 14) = the μονιός of the LXX, meaning a -boar separated from the herd. See =singler.= - -=sanjak.= In the Turkish Empire one of the administrative districts of a -‘vilayet’; _sangiacque_, Dacres, tr. Machiavelli’s Prince, 25 (NED.); -_sanzacke_, a governor of a sanjak, Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4 -(Carazie); _sanziack_, Sir T. Herbert, Trav. (ed. 1677, 277); -_sandiack_, Shirley, Imposture, v. 1 (Volterino). Ital. _sangiacco_ -(Florio), Turk. _sanjāq_, lit. a banner (NED.); _sanjac_, a province, T. -Herbert, Gram. Turk. Lang., 1709, p. 90. See Stanford. - -=sanna,= a gesture of scorn. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). L. _sanna_, a grimace made in mockery (Juvenal). Gk. σάννας, -a buffoon; one who makes grimaces. See =stork’s bill.= - -=sans,= without (a French word), As You Like It, ii. 7. 166; Temp. i. 2. -97. - -=sapa,= new wine boiled thick. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. -_sapa_ (Pliny). - -=sapor.= _Sapor Pontic_, _Sapor Styptic_: particular ‘Sapors’, savours -frequently mentioned by the alchemists as indicative of the nature or -condition of substances under examination. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 -(Subtle). L. _sapor_, taste. - -=sarcocolla,= an Eastern gum-resin. Altered to _sacrocolla_, Middleton, -A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). Gk. σαρκοκόλλα; the name derived from -its power of healing or agglutinating wounds. - -=sarell,= a seraglio. Marlowe, Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Bajazet). F. -_sérail_, a seraglio; Pers. _serāi_, a palace (Hatzfeld). See Stanford -(s.v. Seraglio). - -=sarza,= sarsaparilla. Bacon, Essay 27, § 2. See Dict. - -=sasarara,= a corruption of _certiorari_, the name of a certain writ at -law. Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 2 (Vindici); _sesarara_, Puritan Widow, -iii. 2. 81. See EDD. (s.v. Siserary), where the word is said to be in -prov. use in the sense of a violent scolding; in Devon the phr. _with a -siserary_ means ‘with a vengeance’ [‘I fell in love all at once with a -sisserara’, Sterne, T. Shandy, vi. 47 (Davies).] - -=sattle,= to quiet, reduce to order. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xviii. -345; to become calm, ‘I sattyl or sober or appayse my-selfe’, Palsgrave. -Cp. ‘sattle’, the north-country word, meaning to put an end to a -quarrel, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{1}). ME. _sahtlen_, to bring to a -peaceful agreement, to reconcile (_sahhtlenn_ in Ormulum, 351); see -Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sahtlien). OE. _sahtlian_ (Chron. ann. 1066). -Etym. doubtful; see NED. - -=sattle,= to sink down gradually. Ascham, Toxophilus, 131. In prov. use -in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{2} 3). ME. _sattle_ -(York Plays, 328); _satlynge_, a sagging, ‘bassacio’ (Prompt.). See NED. -(s.v. Settle, vb., 13). - -=saturity,= repletion. Herrick, Noble Numbers; Lasciviousness, 2; -_saturitie_, Udall, tr. Erasmus, on Matt. v. 6; Warner, Alb. England, -bk. v, ch. 24, st. 48. L. _saturitas_ (Pliny). - -=satyrion,= the orchis. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Sir Jolly). Gk. -σατύριον (Dioscorides). See Alphita, p. 158. - -=saugh,= a ‘sough’, a channel, a trench. Drayton, Pol. iv. 168. ‘Sough’ -in various forms is in common prov. use in England from the north -country to Bedfordshire, see EDD. (s.v. Sough, sb.^{2}). - -=saulf,= ‘safe’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, see Glossary). F. -_saulf_, safe (Rabelais). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sauf). - -=saunce-bell;= see =sance-bell.= - -=sawtry,= a ‘psaltery’, a kind of harp. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 358. -ME. _sautrye_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 296). - -=say,= to ‘assay’, to test the fitness of, to try on (clothes); ‘He -sayes his sute’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Fashioner); to set -oneself to do something, Peele, Order of the Garter (ed. Dyce, 588); -‘Who sayd to wound faire Venus in the hand’, Heywood, 2nd Pt., Iron Age -(NED.). See Dict. - -=say,= ‘assay’, temper of metal, proof; ‘A sword of better say’, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 47; a subject for testing, proving, ‘Still living -to be wretched To be a say to Fortune in her changes’, Beaumont and Fl., -Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 4. 11. ‘To say’ for to assay, to test, prove, -is in prov. use in Scotland and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Say, vb.^{2} 1). - -=say:= phr. _to take the say_, to draw the knife along the belly of a -slain deer, to find how fat he is. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. -10. For _assay_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). See Nares (s.v. -Say). - -=scalado,= an escalade, attempt to scale a wall. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 165). Span. _escalada_, ‘an escalade or taking a place with -scaling Ladders’ (Stevens). L. _scala_, a ladder. - -=scale,= to attack with scaling ladders; ‘The citty had bene scaled and -sacked’, Greene, Euphues (Wks., ed. Grosart, vi. 220); ‘The hugy heaps -of cares . . . are scalèd from their nestling-place’, Peele, Sir Clyomon -(Wks., ed. Dyce, iii. 78). Ital. ‘_scalare_, to ascend by ladder’ -(Florio); Span. _escalar_ (Stevens). - -=scaledrake,= ‘a sheldrake’. Lady Alimony, ii. 2 (2 Boy). In prov. use -in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England (EDD.). - -=scall,= a scab, blister, an eruption of skin on the head. BIBLE, Lev. -xiii. 30 (printed _skall_, ed. 1611); ‘Scurfe and dandruffe, running -ulcers and scals’, Holland, Pliny, xxiii. 1. In prov. use in Scotland -and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Scall, sb.^{1}). ME. _scalle_ -(Chaucer, Minor Poems, viii. 7). - - =scald,= afflicted with the ‘scall’, scurfy; an epithet of - contempt, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 215; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody - Brothers, i (Grandpree); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 - (Fluello). ME. _scalled_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 627). - -=scamble,= to scramble, to struggle. Much Ado, v. 1. 94; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 51. 7. Hence, _scambling_, shambling, shuffling, Ford, -Love’s Sacrifice, v. 1 (Bianca); filching, id., Fancies Chaste, i. 3 -(Livio). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=scand,= _pp._, ascended, climbed up to. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 8. L. -_scandere_, to climb. - -=scantle,= to scant, to limit; ‘Her scantled banks’, Drayton, Pol. xxiv. -12; The Owl, 1294; to shorten sail, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 -(1327); p. 134, col. 1. - -=scantling,= limited measure. Bacon, Essay 55; a pattern, sample, Tr. -and Cr. i. 3. 341; ‘How Ovid’s scantlings with the whole true patterne -doo agree’, Golding, Ovid’s Metam., Epist. 379. ‘_Eschantillon_, a -scantling, sample, pattern, proof of any sort of Merchandise’, Cotgrave. -Anglo-F. _escauntiloun_ (Rough List). - -=scar,= a steep bare bank, a cliff. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 326. In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Scar, sb.^{1}). Icel. _sker_, an isolated rock in -the sea. - -=scarab,= a beetle, dung-beetle; a term of reproach. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1. 59 (Subtle); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 (Chilax). Gk. -σκάραβος, a beetle. - -=Scarborough warning,= very short notice, or no notice at all; a -surprise. Heywood, Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 43); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -iii. 345. See Nares, EDD. and NED. - -=scarlet,= a scarlet gown, worn as a mark of dignity; He will be . . . -next spring call’d to the scarlet, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). - -=scarmoge,= an irregular fight, a ‘skirmish’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34. -ME. _scarmuch_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 934), F. _escarmouche_, a -skirmish (Cotgr.); Ital. _scaramuccia_ (Florio). - -=scartoccio,= a roll of paper. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. -_scartoccio_, ‘a coffin of paper for spice, as apothecaries use’ -(Florio). Cp. _cartoccio_, a piece of waste paper to put anything in. F. -_cartouche_, E. _cartridge_. - -=scath,= harm, hurt, damage. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 18; iii. 4. 24. ME. -_scathe_, harm (Chaucer, C. T. A. 446); Icel. _skaði_. - -=scatterling,= one of a wandering band of outlaws or robbers. Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 10. 63. - -=scaure;= see =scour.= - -=scerne,= to ‘discern’, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 22. - -=schellum,= a rogue, scoundrel; ‘Where’s the Dutch _schellum_?’, Dekker, -If this be not a good Play (Pluto), Works, iii. 352; _skellum_, id., -Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk). ‘Skellum’ is a north-country word -(EDD.). Du. _schelm_, a rogue (Hexham). - -=sciatherical,= concerned with the recording of shadows, esp. on a -sundial. _Scioferical_, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7 (Alb.); _scioterical_, -Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 18, § 3. From Gk. σκιαθηρικός, -from σκαθήρας, a shadow-catcher, sun-dial; from σκιά, shadow, θηρᾶν, to -catch. - -=scole,= a scale or dish of a balance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 606; -xxii. 180. Icel. _skāl_, a bowl, the scale of a balance; Dan. _skaal_, a -bowl. - -=scolopendra,= a milliped; one of the numerous nicknames for a -courtesan. Shirley, Gamester, ii. 2 (Hazard). L. _scolopendra_; Gk. -σκολόπενδρα, a milliped. - -=scombre,= to void excrements. Maister of Game, c. 13; _skommer_, -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 12; p. 27. See =scumber.= - -=scope,= a mark to aim at. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 155. Gk. σκοπός, a -mark. - -=scorse, scourse,= to exchange, barter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; B. -Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Waspe); Drayton, Pol. (ed. 1613. p. 196); -‘_Barater_, to scourse, barter’, Cotgrave; hence _skoser_, a -horse-corser, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10 (ed. Croft, i. 63). -‘Scorse’ is in prov. use along the south coast (EDD.). See Notes on Eng. -Etym., p. 136. - -=scot and lot,= a tax levied by a municipal corporation in proportionate -shares for the defraying of municipal expenses; phr. _to pay scot and -lot_, to pay out thoroughly; ‘Twas time to counterfet, or that hotte -Termagant Scot had paid me scot and lot’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 115; B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob). The word _scot_ = Anglo-F. -_escot_, a payment (Rough List). See =shot.= - -=scot-free,= free from payment of one’s tavern score. B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob). - -=scotomy,= dimness of sight, caused by dizziness. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. -1 (Mosca); Massinger, Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides). Gk. σκότωμα, dimness; -from σκοτοῦν, to make dim. Gk. σκότος, darkness. - -=scour,= to be purged, to have diarrhoea; ‘He continually scowred’, -Repentance of Robert Greene (NED.); ‘Poor young man, how he was bound to -scaure for it’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, v. 3 (Nurse). ‘Scour’ (or ‘Scaur’ -in Norfolk) is in prov. use for being afflicted with diarrhoea, see EDD. -(s.v. Scour, vb.^{1} 4). - -=scour the queer cramp-ring,= to wear the prison fetters (Cant). -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_skower the cramp-rings_, weare -fetters’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; ‘_quyerkyn_ (= queer ken), a -pryson-house’, ib. - -=’scourse,= for _discourse_; with a quibbling reference to _scourse_ or -_scorse_, to barter. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan). - -=scout,= a slang term for a watch, or pocket time-piece; because a -_scout_ is a _watchman_. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond -senior). - -=scrag,= a scraggy creature, lean man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. -606. - -=scrat,= to scratch. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, st. 115; ‘I scratte as a -beest dothe that hath sharp nayles, _Je gratigne_’, Palsgrave. In gen. -prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. _scrattyn_, or scracchyn -(Prompt.); to _scratte_, ‘scalpere’ (Cath. Angl.). - -=scratches, the,= a disease of horses, in which the pasterns appear as -if scratched. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘_Arestin_, the -scratches in a horses pasterne’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. (1623). - -=scrawl, scraul,= to ‘crawl’. Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune, i. 1. -15; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 146; _scraul_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. 9. -See Nares (s.v. Scrall). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.). - -=screwed gun,= a gun furnished with a screwed barrel, i.e. having a -helically grooved bore. Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). -First known in 1646. - -=scrike,= to ‘shriek’. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 18. Swed. _skrika_, to -shriek. In prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. -Skrike). - -=scrimer,= a fencer. Hamlet, iv. 7. 101. Cp. ‘scrim’ in prov. use for -striking vigorously, ‘scrimmish,’ a skirmish (EDD.). F. _escrimeur_, ‘a -fencer’; _escrimer_, ‘to fence, or play at fence, also, to lay hard -about him’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Skirmish). - -=scroyle,= a scoundrel; a term of contempt. King John, ii. 1. 373; B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen). Of obscure origin (NED.). See -Notes on Eng. Etym., 263. - -=scruze,= to press out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 56. A Glouc. word, see -EDD. (s.v. Scruse). - -=scry,= to descry, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 38; Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid, i. 190. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Scry, vb.^{2} 2). Norm. F. _escrier_, ‘explorer, chercher à découvrir’ -(Moisy). - -=scryne,= chest, ark. Spenser, Introd. to F. Q., st. 2. L. _scrinium_, a -box for keeping books, letters, &c. - -=scull, skull,= a ‘school’ of fish, a ‘shoal’. Mirror for Mag., Shore’s -Wife, st. 29; Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 22 (ed. 1623); Milton, P. L. vii. 402; a -covey of pheasants, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 3 (Petulus); a troop, company, -Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 57. ‘Scull’ is in prov. use -in Hants. for a great number of people, see EDD. (s.v. School, sb.^{2} -2). - -=scum, skumme,= to scour, with respect to land or sea; ‘There were sent -forth rydars to skumme the country’, Morte Arthur, leaf 26, back, 30; -bk. i, c. 13. F. ‘_escumer_; _escumer la mer_, to scowr, as a fleet, the -sea’ (Cotgr.); _escumeur_, ‘corsaire qui fait des courses sur mer, -pirate’ (Didot). - -=scumber,= to void excrement, as a dog or fox. ‘_Fienter_, to dung, -scumber’, Cotgrave; ‘When they (hounds) are led out of their kennels to -scumber’, Massinger, Picture, v. 1 (Ricardo). Used in Cornwall of a bird -(EDD.). OF. _escombrer_, to clean out (Godefroy). See =bescumber, -scombre.= - -=scur;= see =skirr.= - -=scurer,= a scout, one sent forward to reconnoitre. Mirror for Mag., -Guidericus, st. 36; ‘Out was our scurer sent agayn . . . to shew wher -aboute the place was’, More, Comfort ag. Tribulation (Wks., p. 1181). -OF. _descouvreur_, ‘espion, qui va à la découverte’ (Didot); Med. L. -_disco-operator_ (Ducange). - -=scurrile,= scurrilous, vulgarly witty. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 148; Two Noble -Kinsmen, v. 1. 153. L. _scurrilis_, buffoon-like; from _scurra_, a -buffoon. - -=scut,= a hare. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 632. ME. _scut_, a hare -(Prompt.). - -=scute,= a coin of small value. Chapman, All Fools, v. 1 (Valerio). In -prov. use from Dorset to Cornwall for a sum of money, see EDD. (s.v. -Scute, sb.^{1}). Properly an E. name for the French coin called _ėcu_, -OF. _escut_, L. _scutum_, a shield. - -=sdayn,= to disdain. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 44. - -=sea-card,= the card on which the points of the compass were marked. -Fletcher, The Chances, i. 10 (near the end). See =card.= - -=sea-holm,= sea-holly. Drayton, Pol. i. 125. Cp. _holm-oak_; and see -=eringo.= - -=seam,= fat, grease. Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 195; Dryden, tr. Aeneid, vii. -867. In gen. prov. use in the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Saim). ME. -_seim_, grease (Ancr. R. 412). Anglo-F. _saim_, ‘adeps’ (Ps. lxii. 6), -cp. Ital. _saime_, O. Prov. _sagin_ (_saīn_), ‘graisse’ (Levy), Med. L. -_sagimen_, ‘adeps, sagina’ (Ducange). - -=searce, searse,= to sift through a sieve. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Ariosto). ‘Searce’ was formerly a widely spread prov. word for a -fine sieve; as a vb. ‘to sift’ it still appears in Northumbrian and -Kentish Glosses (EDD.). ME. _sarce_, a sieve (Prompt.); _sarcyn_, to -sift (id., EETS. 450; see notes, no. 1875 and no. 2204). OF. _saas_ (F. -_sas_), a sieve. Span. _cedazo_, Med. L. _setatium_ (Ducange), der. of -L. _seta_, _saeta_, a bristle. - -=sear-cloth,= to cover with ‘cere-cloth’ or waxed cloth. Dryden, Annus -Mirab. 148. See =cere-cloth.= - -=season upon= (or =on=), to seize upon. Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, -st. 15; ‘I season upon a thynge as a hauke doth, _je assaysonne_. She -saysouned upon the fesante at the first flyght’, Palsgrave; ‘It is mete -for any lyon . . . to season his pawes upon his pray’, Acolastus, ii. 3. -See NED. (s.v. Season, vb. 5). - -=sect,= a class or kind of persons, used with reference to sex, 2 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 41; Fletcher, Valentinian, i. 1 (Chilax); Middleton, Mad -World, ii. 6. In prov. use in various parts of England; also in -illiterate use in London; see EDD. and NED. Cp. Chaucer, ‘(The wife of -Bath) and al hire secte’ (C. T. E. 1171). L. _secta_, a following, a -school or sect of philosophy. - -=sectary,= one who belongs to a sect, a dissenter. Hen. VIII, v. 3. 70; -Puritan Widow, i. 2. 5. F. _sectaire_, ‘a sectary, follower of a sect’ -(Cotgr.). - -=sectour,= executor. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 62; ‘Sectour, -_executeur_’, Palsgrave. ME. _sectour_, ‘exequitour’ (Cath. Angl.); -_seketowre_, ‘executor’ (Prompt., Harl. MS.). - -=Sedgeley curse,= an imprecation recorded by Ray among the proverbs of -Staffordshire. It is given by Beaumont and Fl. in this form: ‘A Sedgly -curse light on him, which is, Pedro, The fiend ride through him booted -and spurred, With a scythe at his back!’, Tamer Tamed, v. 2; Massinger, -City Madam, ii. 2 (Plenty). See Nares. - -=see,= a seat of dignity or authority, a throne; ‘Jove laught on Venus -from his soveraigne see’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 2; the dwelling-place -of a monarch, F. Q. iv. 10. 30. - -=see,= _pret. s._ (I) saw, (he) saw, Greene, Sonnet, l. 4 (ed. Dyce, -292). Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. See, 1 (6)). OE. _seah_, pt. t. -of _sēon_, to see. - -=seek:= phr. _to blow a seek_, to sound notes on a horn, summoning -hounds to the chase of a deer. Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, -i. 314). - -=seek:= phr. _to seek_, at a loss, badly off; ‘The Merchant will be to -seeke for Money’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 4; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 2. -Cp. Porson’s famous epigram in Museum Criticum, i. 332, ‘The Germans in -Greek, Are sadly to seek’, &c. See NED. (s.v. Seek, vb. 20 b). - -=seel,= to close up a bird’s eyelids, by means of a thread passed -through them. _A seeled dove_, ‘She brought them to a seeled dove, who -the blinder she was, the higher she strave’, Sidney, Arcadia (ed. -Sommer, 65); Bacon, Essay 36. It was believed that a seeled dove would -mount always higher aloft, till it sank from exhaustion; see Ford, -Broken Heart, ii. 2. 3. Palsgrave has: ‘I cele a hauke, _Ie cile_.’ F. -_ciller_, ‘to seele, or sow up the eyelids’ (Cotgr.); _cil_, an eyelash, -L. _cilium_, an eyelid, eyelash. - -=seeld,= seldom, Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 20. See =seld.= - -=seeling,= a wainscot, wainscoting. Bacon, Essay 54; ceiling, North, tr. -of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (in Shak. Plut. p. 238). - -=seemless,= unseemly. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 25; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xx. 397. - -=seemlyhed,= comeliness. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14. - -=seen,= equipped, furnished; versed, practised; ‘Seen in many things’, -Heywood, A Woman killed, ii. 1 (Frankford); _well seen_, Tam. Shrew, i. -2. 136; Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8 (p. 37). In prov. use -(EDD.). - -=sege,= a seat. Morte Arthur, leaf 220. 7; bk. x, c. 16. ME. _sege_: ‘He -schal sitte on the sege of his maieste’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxv. 31). -Anglo-F. _sege_, seat (Ps. lxxxviii. 14), O. Prov. _setge_, ‘siège, -banc, séance, siège d’une ville’ (Levy). See =siege.= - -=seggs,= sedges. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 3. 15. A Northern form (EDD.). - -=Seisactheia,= an ordinance of Solon by which all debts were lowered. -Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. σεισάχθεια, a shaking off of -burdens. - -=selago,= a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. _selago_, a -plant resembling the savin-tree. - -=selar,= a canopy of a bed; ‘The selar of the bedde’, Morte Arthur, leaf -349, back, 24; bk. xvii, c. 6. ‘Cellar for a bed, _ciel de lit_’, -Palsgrave. See NED. (s.v. Celure). - -=selcouth,= strange, uncommon. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14. A Scottish -poetical word (EDD.). ME. _selcouth_, strange, wonderful (P. Plowman, C. -i. 5); OE. _seldcūð_, strange, lit. seldom known. - -=seld,= seldom. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 150; hence _seld-shown_, seldom -shown, Coriolanus, ii. 1. 229; _seld-seen_, Humour out of Breath, i. 1 -(Octavio); as adj. rare, scarce, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 4. -ME. _seld_ (_selde_), seldom (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2343). See =seeld.= - -=sellary,= a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius). L. -_sellarius_ (Tacitus). - -=sely,= harmless; ‘A selye innocente hare murdered of a dogge’, More’s -Utopia (ed. Lumby, p. 111). Also, poor, helpless, Tusser, Husbandry, § -51. 18. ME. _sely_, simple, innocent, also, poor, pitiable (Chaucer); -but Chaucer uses the word also in other senses: good, holy, happy. See -Trench, Select Glossary (s.v. Silly). See =silly.= - -=semblably,= similarly. 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 21. F. _semblable_, like. F. -_sembler_, to seem, resemble. - -=semblant,= demeanour. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 31; Morte Arthur, bk. ii, -c. 17; _to make semblant_ (= F. _faire semblant_), to make a show, -appearance, or pretence (of doing something), id., bk. vii, c. 8. - -=seminary,= an Englishman educated as a Popish priest in a foreign -seminary. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo). - -=semitary,= a form of scimetar. B. Jonson, Case is altered, v. 2 -(Juniper); _semitarie_, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor). See -=cemitare.= - -=sempster,= a sempstress; also a spinster, as applied to the three -Fates, Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Shadow). In prov. use in Yorks. and -Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Seamster). ME. _semster_ (Dest. Troy, 1585), -OE. _sēamestre_, a sempstress (B. T.). - -=sennet,= a signal-call played on a trumpet, the signal for entrance or -exit. Common in the stage-directions in the Tudor drama. It occurs in -various forms, such as _synnet_, _sinet_, _cynet_, _signate_. Hen. VIII, -ii. 4; J. Caesar, i. 2; Ant. and Cl. ii. 7; Coriol. ii. 1; 2 Hen. VI, -iii. 1. O. Prov. _senhet_ (_signet_), ‘signe’ (Levy), OF. _sinet_ -(Littré). See Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 264. - -=sensing,= ‘incensing’, use of incense. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers -(ed. Arber, p. 30). ME. _censynge_, ‘turificacio’ (Prompt.). - -=sent,= perception. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 43. The old spelling of -_scent_; so in Cotgrave, ‘_Odeur_, sent, smell’. - -=sere,= separate, distinct, each in particular. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. -Arber, 107). ME. _ser_, distinct, each in particular (Ormin, 18653). -Icel. _sér_, orig. dat. of refl. pron. ‘for oneself’, hence as adv. -separately. - -=sere,= the claw or talon of a bird or beast of prey. Usually in the pl. -_seres_; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 212; xii. 213; Odyssey, ii. 238; -Revenge of Bussy, iii. 1 (Clermont); Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1. 16. F. -_serre_, a hawk’s talon (Cotgr.). - -=sere,= the catch in a gun-lock which is released by the trigger. -Hamlet, ii. 2. 337 (see note by W. Aldis Wright). It was like a claw. -See above. - -=serene,= a chill evening air; ‘Some serene blast me’, B. Jonson, -Volpone, iii. 5 (Celia); Epigrams, xxxii (last line). F. _serein_, ‘the -mildew, or harmful dew of some summer evenings’ (Cotgr.). Ital. -‘_sereno_, the night calm; _serenata_, music played in a clear evening’ -(Florio). - -=sericon,= the name of some chemical substance. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle). See NED. - -=serpentin,= a kind of cannon. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 159; -‘_Serpentine_, the artillery called a Serpentine or Basiliskoe’, -Cotgrave. - -=serpigo,= a general term for creeping or spreading skin diseases, esp. -ringworm, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 31 (variously spelt in the edd.). Medical -L. _serpigo_, ‘teter’ (Alphita, 167), deriv. of _serpere_, to creep. - -=servant,= a professed lover, one who is devoted to the service of a -lady. Two Gent. of Verona, ii. 1. 106, 114, 140. Very common. Cp. Ital. -_cavaliere servente_; see Fanfani. - -=servulate,= to serve obsequiously. Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, i. -2 (Egremont). From L. _servulus_, dimin. of servus, a slave. - -=sesama,= oil from the seeds of a plant, sesame, one of the ingredients -of a perfume. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. σησάμη. - -=sesarara;= see =sasarara.= - -=sess, seiss,= to assess. Pt. t. _sessyd_, Fabyan, Chron., p. vii, ann. -1257-8 (ed. Ellis, p. 344); pp. _seissed_, North, tr. of Plutarch, -Antonius, § 33 (in Shak. Plut., p. 204). In prov. use (EDD.). - -=set out the throat,= to set up a noise, cry out. B. Jonson, Alchem. v. -2 (Face); Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). - -=setter,= a confederate of sharpers or swindlers, employed as a decoy -(Cant). Nashe, Strange Newes, 1592; see Aydelotte, p. 86; Butler, Hud., -Lady’s Answer, 153. One who marks down travellers to be robbed by -thieves, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 53. - -=settle,= a long bench, with a very high back. Albumazar, i. 1 (Ronca). -In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Settle, sb.^{2}). - -=setwall,= the East Indian plant zedoary, Palsgrave; the plant valerian, -‘Drink-quickning Setwale’, Spenser, Muiopotmos, 196; spelt cetywall, -Drayton, Ballad of Dowsabell, 33 (in later editions _setywall_). ME. -_setwale_ or _sedwale_, ‘zedoarium’ (Prompt.); _cetewale_ (Chaucer, C. -T. A. 3207). O. Span. _cetoal_, _sitoval_, _cedoaria_; of Arabic origin, -see Dozy, Glossaire, 251. - -=sew,= to follow; ‘Seven kings sewen me’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 248; to sue, to plead, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 29; to woo, -id., iii. 5. 47. See Dict. (s.v. Sue). - -=sew,= to drain dry; ‘To drain and sew’, North, tr. of Plutarch, Jul. -Caesar, § 39 (in Shak. Plut., p. 93); Tusser, Husbandry, 32. In prov. -use in E. Anglia, Kent, Sussex, and Dorset, see EDD. (s.v. Sew, -vb.^{2}). OF. _esuer_ (Burguy); F. _essuier_, to dry up (Cotgr.); -_essuier_, ‘évier, conduit par lequel s’écoulent les eaux sales d’une -cuisine’ (Didot). See Hatzfeld (s.v. Essuyer). - -=sewell;= see =shewelle.= - -=sewer,= an attendant at a meal who superintended the seating of the -guests, and the tasting and serving of the dishes. Macbeth, i. 7, Stage -Direction. ME. _sewer_ at the mete, ‘depositor, discoforus’ (Cath. -Angl.); _seware_ at mete, ‘dapifer’ (Prompt.). OF. _asseour_, ‘en -parlant du service de la table, _qui fait asseoir_’ (Godefroy), Pop. L. -_assedatorem_ (acc.), one who sets, places, deriv. of _assedare_, to -set, place, cp. Norm. F. _aseer_, to place; see Moisy. - -=sextile,= denoting the aspect or relative position of two planets, when -distant from each other by sixty degrees; a sextile aspect. Fletcher, -Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Randolph, Jealous Lovers, v. 2; Milton, -P. L. x. 659. - -=seymy,= greasy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 169. See =seam.= - -=sforzato,= a galley-slave. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. -‘_sforzati_, galley-slaves, as forced to do anything’ (Florio), cp. F. -‘_forçat_, galley-slave’ (Cotgr.). - -=shack,= the shaken grain which remains on the fields after harvesting; -hence _shack-time_, the time during which this grain remains on the -ground, Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 30; _to shack_, to turn pigs or poultry -into the stubble fields. In prov. use in various parts of England, see -EDD. (s.v. Shake, 9, 20, 21). - -†=shackatory,= apparently, a huntsman’s underling. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando). See NED. - -=shadow,= a reflection in water; ‘Aesop had a foolish dog that let go -the flesh to catch the shadow’, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 37; a disguise, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Hempskirke); a -friend of an invited guest (L. _umbra_), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. -1. 11. - -=shaft,= a May-pole, esp. the May-pole in Aldgate ward, London, which -‘shaft’, when it was set on end and fixed to the ground, was higher than -the steeple of the church, which was hence called St. Andrew Undershaft. -This ‘shaft’ was not raised after May-day, 1517, on account of a -disturbance of the apprentices. Thirty-two years after it was sawn in -pieces and burned as an idol. Stow, Survey (ed. Thoms, 54); Pennant’s -London, 587. See Nares (s.v. Shaft), and Chambers, Book of Days, p. 574. - -=shaftman,= a measure of about six inches, being the length from the top -of the extended thumb to the wrist-side of the palm. Harington, tr. -Ariosto, xxxvi. 56; _shaftmon_, Morte Arthur, leaf 124, back, 8; bk. -vii, c. 22; _shaftmont_, ‘His leg was scarce a shaftmont lang’, Child’s -Pop. Ballads, ii. 330; _shaftement_, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 112. -‘Shaftment’ is in prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. -_schaftmonde_ (Death of Arthur, 2546, 3843, 4232); OE. _sceaftmund_, a -palm’s length (B. T.). See NED. (s.v. Shaftment). - -=shag-rag,= ragged, vagabond-like; ‘A shag-rag knave’, Marlowe, Jew of -Malta, iv. 5 (Barabas). The word ‘shag-rag’ is in prov. use in the north -country to denote an idle, ragged vagabond, see EDD. (s.v. Shag, vb.^{3} -2 (2)). See =shake-rag.= - -†=shailes,= scarecrows. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § 2; see -Croft’s note. Perhaps cognate with ME. _schey_, shy, timid (Prompt.). -See =shewelle.= - -=shake-rag,= a ragged disreputable person, Brome, Jovial Crew, iii. -(NED.). [‘He was a shake-rag like fellow’, Scott, Guy Man., xxvi.] Also -_shake_, Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (1 Suitor). - -=shake the elbow,= to throw dice, to gamble. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Ariosto). - -=shaking of the sheets,= the name of an old dance, usually mentioned -with an indecent suggestion. Westward Ho, v. 3. - -=shale,= a shell, husk. Hen. V, iv. 2. 18; Parliament of Bees, character -5 (end). ME. _shale_ (Chaucer), OE. _scealu_, a husk. - -=shale,= to shell, take of the husk; ‘I shale peasen’, Palsgrave; ‘A -little lad set on a bancke to shale the ripen’d nuts’, W. Browne, Brit. -Pastorals, bk. ii, song 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shale, vb.^{1} -14). ME. _shale_, notys or odyr frute, ‘enucleo’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). -Cp. F. _eschaller_: ‘_eschalleur de noys_, qui écale des noix’ -(Glossaire, Rabelais, ii. 160). - -=shale,= to shamble with the feet; ‘_Esgrailler_, to shale or straddle -with the legs’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in various parts of England, see -EDD. (s.v. Shale, vb.^{2}). See =shayle.= - -=shalla,= for _shall he_; ‘Shalla go In deede? and shalla flowte me -thus?,’ Phaer, Aeneid iv, 590, 591. _A_ for _he_ is common in prov. use -when unemphatic, see EDD. (s.v. He, 1 (1)). - -=sham,= to take in, to hoax; ‘You shammed me all night long . . . -_Freeman_. Shamming is telling you an insipid, dull lye, with a dull -face, which the sly wag the author only laughs at himself; and, making -himself believe ’tis a good jest, puts the sham only upon himself, -Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. Cp. Sc. _sham_, to cheat, trick, deceive, -see EDD. (s.v. Sham, vb.^{1} 1). - -=shamois,= shoes made of the wild goat’s skin. Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 19. - -=shape,= the costume suited to a particular part in a play. Massinger, -Bondman, v. 3 (Pisander). - -=shard,= a fragment, a piece of broken pottery, a potsherd; ‘Shards, -flints and pebbles should be thrown on her’, Hamlet, v. 1. 254. In prov. -use in the sense of a broken piece in Scotland and in the various parts -of England (EDD.). ME. _scherde_, ‘testula’ (Prompt. EETS.), OE. -_sceard_, ‘testa’ (B. T.). - -=shard,= a patch of cow-dung; ‘They are his shards, and he their -beetle’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 2. 19; ‘Such souls as shards produce, such -beetle things As only buz to heaven with ev’ning wings’, Dryden, Hind -and P. i. 321; ‘The shard-borne beetle’ (the beetle born in dung), -Macbeth, iii. 2. 42. ‘Shard,’ meaning a patch of cow-dung, is in prov. -use in Yorks. and Wilts. (EDD.). Probably related to ‘sharn’ in prov. -use for dung of cattle; OE. _scearn_ (Leechdoms); see EDD. - -=shard.= In Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 38, ‘When late he far’d In Phaedrias -flitt barke over that perlous shard.’ Spenser appears to use ‘shard’ -here in the sense of ‘a channel’. It is probably the same word as -‘shard’ in prov. use for an incision, a gap, a narrow passage, see EDD. -(s.v. Shard, sb.^{2} 1, 2, 3). OE. _sceard_, a gap, notch; the word is -used for bays and creeks in Boethius, 18. 1. - -=shark,= to prowl about to pick up a living. Beaumont and Fl., Honest -Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Mallicorn); Earle, Micro-Cosmographie, no. 77 -(ed. Arber, 35); _shark on_, to prey upon, Sir Thos. More, ii. 4. 106; -_shark up_, to pick up by prowling about, Hamlet, i. 1. 98. Hence -_shark-gull_, a cheat who preys upon simpletons, Middleton, The Black -Book (ed. Dyce, v. 524). - -=sharp.= _To fight at sharp_, to fight with sharp weapons, not with -foils, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 3 (Galoshio). - -=shayle,= to shamble, to walk crookedly or awkwardly. Skelton, ed. Dyce, -i. 20, l. 19; p. 214, l. 172. Palsgrave has: ‘I shayle, as a man or -horse dothe that gothe croked with his legges, _Ie vas eschays_.’ ME. -_schaylyn_, ‘disgredior’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). See =shale= and =shoyle.= - -=sheal,= to take off the outer covering of peas, King Lear, i. 4. 219. -In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Sheal, vb.^{2} 1). - -=sheath;= see =painted.= - -=sheene,= fair, beautiful to behold. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 10; ii. 2. -40; ii. 10. 8; ‘Haill May, haill Flora, haill Aurora schene!’, Dunbar, -Thrissill, 9; as sb., fairness, splendour, Hamlet, iii. 2. 167. ME. -_shene_, fair, beautiful (Chaucer, C. T. A. 972). OE. _scēne_, _scȳne_, -_scīene_, fair, identical with G. _schön_, beautiful, Goth. _skauns_. - -=sheerly,= entirely. Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 4 (Memnon). A Scotch word, -used by Burns, Ep. to Major Logan (EDD.). - -=sheeve,= a slice; ‘A sheeve of bread’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, -ch. 20, st. 29. In prov. use in Scotland and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. -Sheave). See =shive.= - -=shelf,= a sandbank. B. Jonson, The Forest, iii (l. 12 from end); -_shelves_, pl., 3 Hen. VI, v. 4. 23; ‘On the tawny sands and shelves -Trip the pert faeries’, Milton, Comus, 117. For Scotch exx. see EDD. -(s.v. Shelf, sb.^{2}). - -=shell,= a cockle-shell worn in the hat by pilgrims to Compostella. -Heywood, Four Prentises (Godfrey), vol. ii, p. 213. - -=shells,= a cant term for money. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (2 -Cutpurse); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo). - -=shend,= to put to shame, blame, reproach. Spenser, Prothalamion, 121; -_shent_, pp., F. Q. ii. 5. 5; vi. 6. 18. In prov. use in Scotland and in -Kent (EDD.). ME. _shende_, to render contemptible (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -v. 893); _schende_, to blame, reproach (Wyclif, Ps. cxviii. 31). OE. -_scendan_. - -=sherif,= a title of the descendants of Mohammed, a title of the chief -magistrate of Mecca, and of Morocco; ‘The Sheriffe of Mecca’, Purchas, -Pilgrims, iii. 257. Arab. _sharîf_, noble, of noble lineage, -particularly, descending from Mohammed (Steingass). See =xeriff.= - -=sherris,= ‘sherry’, a Spanish wine, so called from the town Xeres. 2 -Hen. IV, iv. 3. 111, 114, 122, 131. The Arabic form of the place-name -Xeres was _Sherêysh_ (Dozy, Glossaire, p. 18). The Roman name was -_Caesaris Asidona_. By the loss of the first syllable, _Caesaris_ became -on the lips of the Moors _sherêysh_. For a similar decapitation of the -word _Caesar_, compare the name of the Spanish city _Zaragoça_, the -_Caesaraugusta_ of the Romans. - -=shewelle, sewell;= ‘A _sewell_, a thing to keep out the deer’, Howell, -Lexicon Tetraglotton; ‘Anything that is hung up is called a Sewel; and -those are used most commonly to amaze a Deare, and to make him refuse to -passe wher they are hanged up’, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 98); -used _fig._, ‘Bugbeares of opinions brought, to serve as shewelles to -keep them from those faults’, Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia (ed. 1605, p. 267); -‘Shewell’ in the sense of a scarecrow is still in use in Oxfordsh. and -Berks. (EDD.). Cp. ME. _scheawle_, a scarecrow (Owl and N. 1648); -_a-schewelen_, to scare away (Stratmann, pp. 32, 528); deriv. of OE. -_scēoh_, timid, shy. - -=shift herself,= change her dress. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. -1. 8. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shift, 2). - -=shine,= bright. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3; ‘Girt my shine browe with -sea-banke Myrtle sprays’, Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, bk. i, 1. 34 -(Wks., ed. Tucker Brooke, 560). See =sheene.= - -=shirwood= = L. _lucus_. Phaer, Aeneid viii, 342. - -=shittle,= unstable, inconstant; ‘Their shittle hate’, Mirror for Mag., -Collingbourne, st. 3; ‘Shyttell, nat constant, _variable_’, Palsgrave. -ME. _schytyl_, ‘preceps’ (Prompt. EETS. 398), cogn. w. OE. _scēotan_, to -run hastily (Acts vii. 57); see Cook, Biblical Quotations, p. 234. - -=shittle-cock,= a shuttlecock. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 -(Allwit). ‘Shyttel cocke, _volant_’, Palsgrave. ME. _schytyl_, a shuttle -(in a child’s game), see Prompt. EETS. 398. - -=shive,= a slice, Titus Andron. ii. 1. 87. In gen. prov. use in -Scotland, Ireland, England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shive, sb.^{1} -1). ME. _schyve_ of bred or oþer lyke, ‘lesca, scinda’ (Prompt. EETS. -399). Cp. Icel. _skifa_, a slice, and G. _scheibe_. - -=shock-dog,= a rough-coated dog; a poodle. Wycherley, Gent. -Dancing-master, ii. 2 (Hippolyta); Tatler, no. 245. - -=shoe-the-mare,= a Christmas sport. Middleton, Inner-Temple Masque -(Plumporridge). ‘Shoe the old mare’ is the name of a kind of sport in -Galloway, see EDD. (s.v. Shoe, vb. 10). - -=shog,= to move off, go away. Henry V, ii. 1. 47, ii. 3. 47; _shog on_, -Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (near the end); _shogd_, shook, pushed; -Phaer, Aeneid ii, 465; _shog_, a jog, a shake. Dryden, Epil. to The Man -of Mode, 28. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME. _schoggen_, to shake (Wars -Alex. 5018). - -=shold,= a shoal, sandbank. Phaer, Aeneid i, 112; Hakluyt, Voyages, iii. -547. ‘Shald’ in various spellings is in prov. use in the north country, -meaning (1) shallow, (2) a shoal (EDD.). ME. ‘_schold_ or schalowe, -noȝte depe’ (Prompt.). OE. _sceald_, shallow (found in place-names); see -Dict. (s.v. Shallow). - -=shoot-anker,= sheet-anchor; hence, a means of security. Udall, Roister -Doister, i. 1. 28; ‘This saying they make their shoot-anker’, Cranmer -(cited in Dict., s.v. Sheet). - -=shope,= shaped, framed; pt. t. of _shape_. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 39. ME. -_shoop_, planned, devised (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 207), pt. s. of -_shapen_; OE. _scōp_, pt. s. of _sceppan_. - -=shoppini,= high-heeled shoes; ‘Those high corked shoes, which now they -call in Spaine and Italy _Shoppini_’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. -15; p. 49. See =cioppino= and =choppine.= See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). - -=shore,= a sewer. Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1; ‘The common shore’, A -Woman never vext (Mrs. Foster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 104; ‘Our -sailing ships like common shores we use’, Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. -558. ‘Shore’, once a common word for a sewer, is still preserved in -Shoreditch in London; also named Sewers Ditch; see Stow’s Survey, p. -158. It is in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England, see EDD. -(s.v. Shore, sb.^{3} 1). - -=shoringness,= inclination to tilt to one side; ‘A table, of the which -the thirde foot was A little shorter then the rest. A tyle-sherd made it -even And tooke away the shoringness,’ Golding, Metam. viii. 662; fol. -103 (1603). ‘Shoring’ is in prov. use in E. Anglia, in the sense of -slanting, sloping, awry, see EDD. (s.v. Shore, vb.^{2} 4). - -=shot,= a payment, reckoning; esp. a contribution to the payment of a -tavern score; ‘_Escotter_, every one to pay his shot or to contribute -somewhat towards it’, Cotgrave; Two Gent. ii. 5. 9; _shot-free_, without -having to pay, 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30. In gen. prov. and colloquial use in -Scotland, England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shot, sb.^{1} 1). ME. -_schot_, a payment (Stratmann). OE. _scot_, a contribution (in -compounds), see B. T. The Anglo-F. form is _escot_ (mod. _écot_), whence -E. _scot_, in _scot-free_, and _scot and lot_. See =escot, scot and -lot.= - - =shot-clog,= a dupe; one who was a _clog_ upon a company, but - was tolerated because he paid the _shot_ or reckoning. Eastward - Ho, i. 1 (Golding); B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Shun.); ‘A - _shot-clog_, to make suppers, and be laughed at’, B. Jonson, - Poetaster, i. 1 (Ovid senior). Spelt _shot-log_, Field, Amends - for Ladies, iii (end). - - =shot-shark,= a tavern waiter; because he sharks for (or hunts - after) the reckoning or shot. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, - v. 4. 1. - -=shotten,= lean. Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 4. 9. From the phr. -_shotten herring_, a herring that has spent the roe, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. -143. ‘As lean as a shot-herring’ is given in EDD. as a Derbyshire -saying. ‘Shotten’ is used in Kent of the herring that has spent its roe, -see EDD. (s.v. Shot, pp. 5). - - =shotten-souled,= deprived of a soul; soulless. Fletcher, Wit - without Money, iii. 4. 2. - -=shotterell, shotrell,= a pike in his first year; ‘An harlotrie [i.e. -worthless] _shotterell_’, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Carion); ‘The -Shotrell, 1 year, Pickerel, 2 year, Pike, 3 year, Luce, 4 year, are -one’, W. Lauson, Comments on the Secrets of Angling; in Arber’s Eng. -Garner, i. 197. - -=shough,= a rough dog with shaggy hair. Macbeth, iii. 1. 94; Ford, -Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3 (Grilla). Also in forms _shog_ and _shock_, -‘Nor mungrell nor shog’, Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares); ‘Their little -shocks or Bononia dogs’, Erminia, 1661 (Nares). - -=shough, shoo,= _interj._, away! used to scare away fowls. Fletcher, -Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (end). - -=shoule,= a ‘shovel’. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Jack); -vol. vi, p. 424. For various forms of ‘shool’, a word which is in gen. -prov. use in the British Isles and America, see EDD. - -=shouler,= a bird; the ‘shoveller’ or spoonbill. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 353. -Skelton has _shouelar_ (= _shovelar_), Phylyp Sparowe, 408. - -=shovelboard,= the name of a game. The game was to _shuffle_ or drive by -a blow of the hand a counter or coin along a smooth _board_, so as to -pass beyond a line drawn across the board near the far end, but so as -not to fall off the board; ‘Plaieing at slide-groat or shoofleboard’, -Stanyhurst, Desc. of Ireland, ann. 1528; _Edward shovel-board_, a -shilling coined in the reign of Edward VI commonly used in the game of -shovel-board, Merry Wives, i. 1. 159. A similar game was called -_shove-groat_, hence _shove-groat shilling_, the coin used at the game, -2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 206; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. 17 (see -Wheatley’s note). See Nares. - -=shoyle,= to lean outwards on the foot in walking. Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 55 (p. 155), says that wild swine never ‘shoyle or leane outwards’, -as tame hogs do. See =shayle.= - -=shraming,= making a great noise, screaming; ‘Shraming shalms’, Golding, -Metam. iv. 392; fol. 48, back (1603); ‘She shraming cryed’, id., viii. -108; fol. 94. - -=shrewd,= malicious, mischievous, ill-natured, All’s Well, iii. 5. 68; -Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 33; bad, nasty, grievous, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. -244; Ant. and Cl. iv. 9. 5. The word is used in Shropshire in the sense -of ‘vicious’ (EDD.). ME. _schrewyd_, ‘pravus, pravatus, depravatus’ -(Prompt. EETS. 401). - -=shrich,= to ‘shriek’. Gascoigne, Philomene, ll. 22, 52. ME. -_schrichen_, variants _schriken_, _skriken_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 4590). - -=shrieve,= a ‘sheriff’. All’s Well, iv. 3. 213; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 99. -ME. _shirreve_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 359). OE. _scīr-gerēfa_. See Dict. - -=shright,= _pt. t._ shrieked; ‘Out! alas! she shryght’, Sackville, -Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 18; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 32. ME. -_shrighte_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2817), pt. t. of _schrychen_ (_schriken_) -to shriek. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Schrychen). - -=shright,= a shriek. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 57; vi. 4. 2. - -=shrill,= thin, poor; ‘Age . . . all balde or ouer-cast With shril, thin -haire as white as snow’, Golding, Metam. xv. 213. ‘Shrill’ (also -‘shill’) is in prov. use in Bedf. and Northants for thin, poor; also -clear, transparent, applied to book-muslin (EDD.). - -=shrill,= to sound shrilly, to resound. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 20; v. 7. -27. - -=shrimp,= a shrunken, wizened man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 600. - -=Shrove-Tuesday bird,= a cock tied down, at which cudgels were thrown, -on a Shrove Tuesday. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 3 (Lapet; near -the end). See Brand’s Pop. Ant. (ed. 1877, p. 37). - -=shroving,= joining in the ceremonies and sports of Shrove Tuesday. -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 5 (Eyre); Fletcher, Noble Gent. iii. 2 -(Lady). See EDD. (s.v. Shrove, vb.), where it is said that the custom of -‘shroving’, i.e. going round singing for money, &c., on Shrove Tuesday, -is known from Oxf. to Dorset. - -=shrow,= a ‘shrew’, a vixen, a scold. A frequent spelling of _shrew_ in -old editions of Shakespeare; and always pronounced so, cp. the rimes in -Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 213; v. 2. 28; v. 2. 188; _shroe_, Peele, Arraignment -of Paris, iv. 1 (Bacchus). - -=shug,= to slip, to wriggle. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Dog). See -EDD. (s.v. Shuck, vb.^{1} 2). - -=shuter,= a suitor. A common pronunciation of _suitor_; puns on -_shooter_ and _suitor_ occur often. London Prodigal, i. 2. 42; cp. L. L. -L. iv. 1. 110; Puritan Widow, il. 1. 97. - -=shuttle-brained,= thoughtless, flighty. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § -6. From the movements of the _shuttle_. - -=sidanen,= a fine woman; an epithet. Northward Ho, ii. 1 (Capt. Jenkin). -Welsh _sidanen_, silken, made of silk; also, an epithet for a fine woman -(Owen). Applied sometimes to Queen Elizabeth; so Nares. - -=siddon,= soft, tender, mellow. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 1 (Piero). -Current in west midland counties, chiefly of peas or other vegetables -which become soft in boiling, see EDD. (s.v. Sidder). Cp. OE. _syde_, a -decoction, the water in which anything has been seethed or boiled (B. -T.). Cognate with _seethe_, pp. _sodden_; see Dict. (s.v. Seethe). - -=side,= long, hanging down a long way; ‘Side sleeves’, Much Ado, iii. 4. -21; Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 440; B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1 (Fly). In -prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _syde_, -as a gowne, ‘defluxus, talaris’ (Cath. Angl.); ‘syde sleeves’ (Hoccleve, -Reg. P. 535). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Syde). OE. _sīd_, ample, wide, -large, extensive. - -=side, to set up a,= to be partners in a game. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, -iii. 2 (Cent.). - -=sie, sye,= to strain milk. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 10. ‘I sye -mylke, or clense’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Scotland, England down to -Glouc. (EDD.). OE. _sēon_ (_sīan_), to strain; cp. _asiende_, -‘excolantes’ (Matt. xxiii. 24, Mercian Gloss); see B. T. (s.v. _āsēon_). - -=siege,= a seat, esp. one used by a person of rank or distinction, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 39; hence, rank, Othello, i. 2. 22; the station of -a heron on the watch for prey, Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a -privy, Phaer, Pestilence (NED.); evacuation, B. Jonson, Sejanus, i. 2; -excrement, Tempest, ii. 2. 110. ME. _sege_, ‘sedes, secessus’ (Prompt. -EETS. 404, see notes). See =sege.= - -=sieve and shears,= a mode of divination; used for the recovery of -things lost. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 848. See -EDD. (s.v. Riddle, sb.^{1} 1 (1)). - -=sifflement,= a whistling, chirping. Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (Auditus). F. -_siffler_, to whistle, L. _sifilare_, a dialect form of _sibilare_. - -=sight,= _pt. t._ sighed. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 20; vi. 10. 40. ME. -_sighte_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1035), pt. s. of _syke_, to sigh. - -=signatures,= marks. The medicinal virtues of some plants were supposed -to be indicated by their forms or by marks upon them. Butler, Hud. iii. -1. 329. - -=sikerly,= certainly, surely. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, last scene -(Gammer). Still in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Sickerly). ME. _sikerly_ (Chaucer); _sikerliche_ (P. Plowman). OE. -_sicor_, sure, safe; certain (B. T.). - -=silder,= less frequently. Tancred and Gismunda, ii. 3 (Lucrece); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 46. See =seld.= - -=silly,= simple, rustic; innocent. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 35; iii. 8. 27; -poor, wretched, weak, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, pp. 491, 533. See -=sely.= - -=silverling,= a piece of silver; ‘Fifty thousande silverlynges’, -Tyndale, Acts xix. 9; so the Cranmer version, 1539, and the Geneva, -1557; BIBLE, Isaiah vii. 23; here Luther has _Silberlinge_. In Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, i. 1. 6, _silverling_ = the Jewish coin, the shekel. - -†=simming,= simmering. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 6. 27. - -=simper,= to twinkle, glimmer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iii. -1. 8; ‘I mark how starres above Simper and shine’, G. Herbert, The -Church, The Search, l. 14. - -=simper,= to simmer; ‘I symper, as lycour dothe on the fyre before it -begynneth to boyle’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in north Ireland, west -Yorks., and east Anglia (EDD.). - -=simper-the-cocket,= an affected coquettish air; a woman so -characterised, a flirt. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 55; _simper de cocket_, ‘_Coquine_, a -beggar-woman; also a simper de cockit, nice thing’, Cotgrave; Heywood’s -Proverbs, Pt. ii, ch. 1 (ed. Farmer, 52). See Nares. - -=simple,= a simple remedy, as a plant used medicinally without -admixture; ‘Where a sycknesse may be cured with symples’, Sir T. Elyot, -Castel of Helthe, bk. ii, c. 28; to gather simples or medicinal herbs, -Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 823. - -=simulty,= a grudge. B. Jonson, Discoveries, cxxii, § 2. F. _simulté_, a -grudge (Cotgr.). L. _simultas_, a hostile encounter, animosity. - -=sin,= since. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 44. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME. -_sithen_, since (Wars Alex.); see Dict. M. and S. OE. _sīððan_. - -=single:= _single money_, small change; ‘The ale-wives’ single money’, -B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 5 -(Pedro). - -=single,= in hunting, the tail of a deer; ‘The tayle of Harte, Bucke, -Rowe or any other Deare is to be called the Syngle’, Turbervile, -Hunting, 243 (NED.); Howell, Parley of Beasts, 63; used of Pan’s tail, -‘That single wagging at thy butt’, Cotton, Burlesque, 277 (Davies). -Hence, ‘a boy leasht on the single’, is explained by ‘beaten on the -taile’, Lyly, Midas, iv. 3 (Pet.). Still in prov. use in Northants. and -west Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Single, sb.^{1} 9). - -=singler,= a full-grown wild boar. Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5. See -=sanglier.= - -=singles,= the claws of a hawk. The middle claws were called the _long -singles_, and the outer the _petty singles_. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. -3 (Sir Francis). The _single_ was orig. the middle or outer claw on the -foot of the hawk (NED.). - -†=singles,= the entrails; ‘The singles (Lat. _prosecta_) also of a -wolfe’, Golding, Metam. vii. 271; fol. 82 (1603). Not found elsewhere. - -=sink and sise,= five and six; at dice; ‘All at sink and sise’, i.e. I -have lost all my effects at dice-playing, Like will to Like, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 346. - -=sinkanter,= a term of contempt; ‘One Volanerius, an old sinkanter or -gamester and scurrilous companion by profession’, Jackson, Creed, x. 19; -‘_Rocard_, an overworn sincaunter, one that can neither whinny nor wag -the tail’, Cotgrave. - -=si quis,= an advertisement; also called a bill. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, ii. 2 (end). From L. _si quis_, lit. if any one; from the -first two words; the advertisement begins: ‘_If there be any_ lady or -gentlewoman’, id., iii. 1 (Puntarvolo). Cp. Hall, Sat. ii. 5. 1. - -=Sir John,= a familiar appellation for a priest, because _John_ was a -common name, and it was usual to prefix _sir_ to a priest’s name. -Richard III, iii. 2. 111; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce). -Cp. Chaucer (C. T. B. 4000), ‘Com neer thou preest, com hider thou sir -John.’ See NED. (s.v. Sir, 4). - -=sirts of sand,= quicksands. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 7. For -_syrtes_, pl. of L. _Syrtis_, Gk. Σύρτις, the name of two large -sandbanks (Major and Minor) on the coast of Libya. Cp. ‘A boggy Syrtis’, -Milton, P. L. ii. 939. - -=sit,= to be fitting, to befit, suit; ‘It sits not’ (i.e. it is -unbecoming), Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; ‘With them it sits’, Shep. Kal., -May, 77; id., Nov., 26. In the north country ‘It sits him weel indeed’ -is often said ironically of a person who arrogates to himself more than -is thought proper, see EDD. (s.v. Sit, 16). _Sitting_, suitable, fit, -becoming; ‘To the [thee] it is sittynge’, Fabyan, Chron., Part vii, c. -232; ed. Ellis, p. 265; Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 149. - -=sith,= time; also _pl._ times. Spenser has ‘a thousand sith’, a -thousand times, F. Q. iii. 10. 33; also, ‘a thousand sithes’, Shep. -Kal., Jan., 49. OE. _sīð_, a journey, time. - -=sith,= since. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 95. ME. _sith_, since (Chaucer, C. T. -A. 930). - -=sithence,= since. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 47. ME. _sithenes_, since (P. -Plowman, B. x. 257; xix. 15). - -=six,= small beer; sold at 6_s._ a barrel; ‘A cup of six’, Rowley, A -Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim). - -=six and seven, to set all on,= ‘to risk all one’s property on the -hazard of the dice; _Omnem iacere aleam_, to cast all dice, . . . to set -al on sixe and seuen, and at al auentures to ieoperd’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Julius, § 7; ‘Or wager laid at six and seven’, Butler, Hud. iii. -1. 588. - -=skails,= a game like ninepins; the same as ‘kails’. ‘_Aliossi_, a play -called Nine pins or keeles, or skailes’, Florio (1598); North, tr. of -Plutarch, Alcibiades, § 1. See NED. (s.v. Skayles). - -†=skainsmate.= Only occurs as spoken by the Nurse in Romeo, ii. 4. 163, -‘Scurvy Knave! I am none of his flirt-gills; I am none of his -skainsmates’. The nurse was no very correct speaker, and in the heat of -her anger she has in this case become wholly unintelligible. The guesses -of the commentators and glossarists are devoid of probability. - -=skeen,= a knife. Merry Devil, ii. 2. 54; _skeane_, Spenser, State of -Ireland (Globe ed., p. 631); _skene_, Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (first -stage-direction). Also _skaine_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 384. In prov. use in -Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Skean). Sc. and Ir. Gaelic, -_sgian_, a knife. - -=skelder,= to beg impudently by false representations, to swindle -(Cant). B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Luscus); ib. (Tucca); iii. 1 -(Tucca); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). - -=skellet,= a ‘skillet’, a small pot or pan; a small kettle. Skelton, El. -Rummyng, 250; _skillet_, Othello, i. 3. 273. ‘Skellet’ (also ‘skillet’), -a small metal pan or saucepan, is in gen. prov. use in the British Isles -and America, see EDD. (s.v. Skillet). - -=skellum;= see =schellum.= - -=skelp,= to strike with the hand, to smack; ‘I shall skelp thee on the -skalpe’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2207. In gen. prov. use in the British -Isles; in England in the north and Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v. -Skelp, vb.^{1}). ME. _skelpe_, to smite with a scourge (Wars Alex. -1924). - -=skew at,= to look askance at, to slight. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal -Subject, ii. 1 (Putskie); ‘To skewe, _limis oculis spectare_’, Levins, -Manip. ‘To skew’ is in prov. use in the north of England in the sense of -to look askance at any one, see EDD. (s.v. Skew, vb.^{1} 18). - -=skew rom-bouse,= to quaff good drink (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Song); _a skew_, a cuppe; Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -†=skibbered= (?). - - ‘What slimie bold presumptuous groome is he, - Dares with his rude audacious hardy chat, - Thus sever me from skibbered contemplation?’ - Return from Parnassus, i. 6 (Furor). - -The Halliwell-Phillipps MS. of the play reads _skybredd_ (communicated -by Mr. Percy Simpson). Dr. H. Bradley suggests _skyward_. - -=skice, skise,= to frisk about, move nimbly, make off quickly; ‘Skise -out this way, and skise out that way’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 -(Randal). In prov. use—Sussex, Hampshire, &c. (EDD.). - -=skill,= to make a difference; ‘It skills not much’, it makes little -difference, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 134; ‘It skills not’, it makes no -difference, Nero, v. 2; ‘It skilleth not’, Lyly, Euphues (ed Arber, -245). Extremely common from 1550 to 1650, see NED. - -=skillet,= see =skellet.= - -=skimble-skamble,= rambling, incoherent. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 154. See -=scamble.= - -=skimmington,= a ceremony practised on unpopular persons in various -parts of England; fully described in EDD. See Heywood, Witches of Lancs. -iv. 230; Oldham, Satires upon the Jesuits, iv (ed. R. Bell, p. 125). See -Brand’s Pop. Antiq., Cornutes (ed. 1877, p. 414), for an account of -‘Riding Skimmington’, where it is described as a ludicrous cavalcade -intended to ridicule a man beaten by his wife. - -=skink,= to draw or pour out liquor. B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Lovel); -Phaer, Aeneid vii, 133. Hence, _Under-skinker_, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 26. -ME. _skinke_, to pour out (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1722). For full account of -this verb see Dict. (s.v. Nunchion). - -=skipjack,= a pert fellow, a whipper-snapper. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1 -(Alph.); also, a horse-dealer’s boy, Dekker, Lanthorne, x; see Nares. -‘Skipjack’ is in prov. use in north of England in sense of a pert, -conceited fellow, see EDD. (s.v. Skip, vb.^{1} 1 (2 a)). - -=skipper,= a barn (Cant). ‘_A skypper_, a barne’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; -B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). Possibly Cornish _sciber_, -Welsh _ysgubor_, a barn (NED.), Med. L. _scopar_, ‘scuria, stabulum’ -(Ducange). - -=skirr,= to pass rapidly over a stretch of land; ‘Skirre the country -round’, Macbeth, v. 3. 35. Of doubtful origin (NED.). In prov. use in -the sense of to scurry, rush, fly quickly (EDD.). - -=skit,= skittish, restive. Spelt _skyt_, Skelton, Against the Scottes, -101. See EDD. (s.v. Skit, vb.^{2} 1). - -=skoase,= to chaffer, barter, exchange. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. -vi, ch. 31, st. 64. See =scorse.= - -=skope, skoope,= _pt. t._ of _scape_, scaped, escaped, got away. Phaer, -Aeneid ii, 458 (L. _evado_); _skoope_ = escaped to, id., vi. 425; -_skoope_, escaped, id., ix. 545 (L. _elapsi_). - -=skoser;= see =scorse.= - -=skull,= a skull-cap, helmet. Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iv. -4. 5. - -=skull;= see =scull.= - -=skyrgaliard,= a wild or dissipated fellow, Skelton, Against the -Scottes, 101; id., Speke, Parrot, 427. See =galliard.= - -=slab up,= to sup up greedily and dirtily; ‘Ye never saw hungry dog so -slab (printed _stab_) potage up’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -ii. 215. See NED. (s.v. Slab, vb.^{2}). - -=slake,= a shallow dell, a glade, a pass between hills. Morte Arthur, -leaf 95. 6; bk. vi, c. 5. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in -various parts of England, in the north down to Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. -Slack, sb.^{3} 1). Icel. _slakki_, a small shallow dell. - -=slam,= an ungainly person; ‘He is but a slam’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, -v. 5 (Nurse); ‘A slam or slim Fellow is a skragged, tall, rawboned -Fellow’, Ray, N. C. Words (ed. 1691, 137), see NED. (s.v. Slam, adj.). - -=slampant:= in phr. _to give one the_ (or _a_) _slampant_, to play a -trick on; ‘Polyperchon . . . meaning to give Cassander a slampant . . . -sent letters Pattents’, North, Plutarch (ed. 1595, 805); ‘_Trousse_, a -cousening tricke, blurt, slampant’, Cotgrave; also in form _slampaine_, -‘The townesmen being pinched at the heart that one rascal . . . should -give them the slampaine’, Stanyhurst, Desc. of Ireland (ed. 1808, vi. -30); also spelt _slampam_, ‘Shal a stranger geve me the slampam?’, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 633. - -=slat,= to dash, strike violently. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 -(Malevole). In prov. use in various parts of England, meaning to throw -violently, to dash down water or other liquid, also, to strike, beat, -see EDD. (s.v. Slat, vb.^{3} 1). - -=slate,= a cant term for a sheet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. -61. - -=slaty,= muddy, rainy. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 258. ‘Slatty’ is a Warw. -word for muddy, see EDD. (s.v. Slat, sb.^{4} 1). - -=sled,= a sledge or sleigh used as a vehicle in travelling or for -recreation; ‘With milke-white Hartes upon an Ivorie sled Thou shalt be -drawen’, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2. In common prov. use for a low -cart without wheels, see EDD. (s.v. Sled, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _slede_, a -dray without wheels, a harrow, ‘traha’ (Prompt. EETS. 415). - -=sledded,= (perhaps) riding in ‘sleds’ or sledges; ‘He smote the sledded -Pollax on the ice’, Hamlet, i. 1. 63 (a _Polack_ is a Pole, an -inhabitant of Poland). So NED. - -=sledge,= a sledge-hammer; ‘To throw the sledge’, Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. -Sledge, sb.^{2}). - -=sleek,= plausible, specious. Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 241; Chapman, Eastward -Ho, ii. 2. Later variant form of ME. _slĭke_; see =slick.= - -=sleided silk,= sleaved silk, silk ravelled out, divided into filaments. -Pericles, iv, Prol. 21. - -=sleight,= a cunning trick, an artifice. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 81; -Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 2. 20; spelt _slight_, -Middleton, More Dissemblers, iv. 1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 747. See Dict. - -=slent,= to slip or glide obliquely; ‘The stroke slented doune to the -erthe’, Morte Arthur, leaf 345. 24; bk. xvii, c. 1; to make sly hits or -gibes, ‘One Proteas, a pleasaunt conceited man, and that could slent -finely’, North, Plutarch (NED.); hence, _slent_, a sly hit or sarcasm, -‘Cleopatra found Antonius jeasts and slents to be but grosse’, ib., M. -Antonius, § 13 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 175). See EDD. (s.v. Slent, -vb.^{1}). - -=slibber-sauce,= a nauseous concoction, used esp. for medicinal -purposes, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 116); _slibber sawces_, buttery, -oily, made-up sauces, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 105). - -=slick,= smooth, plausible. Rawlins, Rebellion, iv. 1. 4. Cp. prov. -_slick-tongued_, smooth-tongued, plausible in speech, see EDD. (s.v. -Slick, adj.^{1} 6 (2)). ME. _slyke_, or smothe, ‘lenis’ (Prompt.). See -=sleek.= - -=slick,= to make smooth. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1144; Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xxiii. 249. In prov. use in England and America (EDD.). ME. -_slyken_, to make smooth (P. Plowman, B. ii. 98). - -=slidder,= slippery. The Pardoner and the Frere, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -i. 213; ‘My tongue is grown sae slip and slidder’, Stuart, Joco-serious -Discourse (ed. 1686, 20); see EDD. ME. _slydyr_, ‘lubricus’ (Prompt. -EETS. 416); ‘A slidir mouth worchith fallyngis’, Wyclif, Prov. xxvi. 28. -OE. _slidor_. - -=slidder,= to slip, to slide. Dryden, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 749. In prov. -use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). OE. -_slid_(_e_)_rian_, to slip. - -=slifter,= a cleft or crack; ‘_Fente_, a cleft, rift, slifter, chinke’, -Cotgrave. A north-country word (EDD.). Hence _sliftered_, cleft, rifted, -Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). Cp. G. (dial.) _Schlifter_, -gully, watercourse. - -=slight;= see =sleight.= - -=slighten,= to slight, depreciate. B. Jonson, Sejanus (end). - -=slip,= a counterfeit coin. Often quibbled upon; as in Romeo, ii. 4. 51; -Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iii. 1 (Pickadill). See NED. (s.v. -Slip, sb.^{4}). - -=slipper,= slippery. Othello, ii. 1. 246. A west-country word, see EDD. -(s.v. Slipper, adj. 1). OE. _slipor_. - -=slipstring,= a knave; one who has eluded the halter. Gascoigne, -Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio); ‘_Goinfre_, a wag, slipstring, knavish lad’, -Cotgrave. In prov. use the word means an idle, worthless, slovenly -person, so in Northants and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Slip, 3, (22)). - -=slive,= to slice, cleave; to strip off (a bough) by tearing it -downward; ‘I slyue a floure from his braunche’, Palsgrave; ‘The boughes -whereof . . . he cutting and sliving downe’, Warner, Alb. England, prose -addition on Aeneid ii, § 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, -see EDD. (s.v. Slive, vb.^{1} 1). ME. _slyvyn_, a-sundyr, ‘findo’ -(Prompt. EETS. 459). OE. (_to_)_-slīfan_, to split. - -=sliver,= a small branch split off from the tree. Hamlet, iv. 7. 174. In -gen. prov. use for a slice, a splinter of wood (EDD.). ME. _slivere_, a -piece cut or split off (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1013). - -=sliver,= to slice off. Macbeth, iv. 1. 28. In prov. use: ‘If you sliver -away at the meat like that there’ll be none left for to-morrow’ -(Cambridge); see EDD. - -=sloape,= deceitful; ‘For hope is sloape’, Mirror for Mag., Ferrex, st. -18. ‘Slope’ (or ‘sloap’) is in prov. use in Yorks., meaning to trick, -cheat (EDD.). - -=slot,= the track of a stag or deer upon the ground. B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, i. 2 (John); to follow a track, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. -191. OF. _esclot_, hoof-print of a horse, &c. (Godefroy), probably of -Scand. origin, cp. Icel. _slōð_, a track; so NED. - -†=sloy,= a term of abuse for a woman. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xi, ch. -58, st. 26. Not found elsewhere. - -=slubber,= to sully, Othello, i. 3. 227; to obscure, 1 Part of Jeronimo, -ii. 4. 67; see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 374. In prov. use for obscuring -with dirt (EDD.). - -=slubberdegullion,= a slubbering rascal (Burlesque). Beaumont and Fl., -Custom of the Country, i. 2. 18; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 886. - -=sludge,= to turn into a soft mass, ‘The flame had sludgd the pitche, -the waxe and wood And other things that nourish fire’, Golding, Metam. -xiv. 532. - -=slug,= to be lazy, inactive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 23; _slogge_, -Palsgrave; ‘Another sleeps and slugs both night and day’, Quarles, -Emblems (bk. i. 8, Luke vi. 25). ME. _sluggyn_, ‘desidio’ (Prompt.). - -=slug,= a slow, inactive person; ‘Fie, what a slug is Hastings, that he -comes not’, Richard III, iii. 1. 22; _slugge_, a hindrance, ‘Money would -be stirring, if it were not for this slugge’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 2. -‘_Slug_’ is in prov. use in the north country for a slow inactive person -or animal; in Somerset, esp. of a slow-going horse; ‘to slug’ in Yorks. -means to hinder, to retard progress (EDD.). ME. _slugge_, ‘deses, -segnis’ (Prompt.). - -=slur,= a method of cheating at dice; ‘Without some fingering trick or -slur’, Butler, Misc. Thoughts (ed. Bell, iii. 176). Also, a term in -card-playing, ‘’Gainst high and low, and slur, and knap’, Butler, Upon -Gaming. See NED. (s.v. Slur, sb.^{2} 2). - -=slurg,= to lie in a sleepy state, to lie sluggishly. Phaer, Aeneid vi, -424; id., ix. 190. G. (Swabian dial.) _schlurgen_, to go about in a -slovenly manner (J. C. Schmid). - -=smack,= to savour of, to taste of; ‘This veneson smacketh to moche of -the pepper’, Palsgrave; _fig._, ‘All sects, all ages smack of this -vice’, Meas. for M. ii. 2. 5. ME. _smakkyn_, ‘odoro’ (Prompt.). See -=smatch.= - -=smalach,= ‘smallage’, wild celery or water parsley, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 45. 20. ME. _smale ache_, ‘apium’ (Sin. Barth. 11), E. _small_ + F. -_ache_, wild celery, O. Prov. _ache_, _api_, Pop. L. *_apia_, L. -_apium_. - -=smatch,= a ‘smack’, taste, flavour. Jul. Caesar, v. 4. 46; Middleton, -The Widow, i. 1 (Martino). In prov. use in various parts of England -(EDD.). ME. _smach_, taste, flavour (NED.). OE. _smæc_(_c_. See =smack.= - -=smeath,= a small diving-bird; the ‘smee’ or ‘smew’, _Mergellus -albellus_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 67. - -=Smeck,= short for Smectymnuus, a fictitious name compounded of the -initials of the five men who wrote under that name, viz. Stephen -Marshall, Edward Calamy, Thomas Young, Matthew Newcomen, and William -Spurstow. They are said to have worn particular cravats, which Butler -calls _cravat of Smeck_, Hud. i. 3. 1166. - -=smelt,= a name applied to various small fishes, used (like _gudgeon_) -with the sense of simpleton. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 -(Mercury); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 2 (end). - -=smelt,= a half-guinea (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Hackum). - -=smicker,= elegant, handsome; ‘A smicker Swaine’, Lodge, Euphues (NED.); -smirking, gay, Peele, Eclogue Gratulatory, 4 (ed. Dyce, 561). Cp. the -obsolete Scotch _smicker_, to smile affectedly, to smirk (EDD.). OE. -_smicer_, elegant. - -=smickly,= fine, elegant, smart; or it may be used adverbially. Ford, -Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Raybright). Cp. Dan. _smykke_, to adorn, G. -_schmücken_. - -=smock:= _He was wrapt up in the tail of his mother’s smock_; said of -any one remarkable for his success with the ladies (Grose). See Marston, -What you Will, v. 1 (Bidet). ‘_Il est né tout coiffé_, Born rich, -honourable, fortunate; born with his mother’s kercher about his head; -wrapt in his mother’s smock, say we; also, he is very maidenly, -shame-faced, heloe’, Cotgrave. - -=smoke,= to get an inkling of, to smell or suspect (a plot), to detect. -Middleton, Roaring Girl (2 Cutpurse); ‘Sir John, I fear, smokes your -design’, Dryden, Sir M. Mar-all, 1; see NED. (s.v. 8). - -=smoky,= quick to suspect, suspicious, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. -1 (Belfond senior). - -=smolder,= smoky vapour, a suffocating smoke the result of slow -combustion; ‘The smolder of smoke’, Bp. Andrewes, Serm. (ed. 1661, 472); -_to be smoldered_, to be suffocated, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 98). -ME. _smolder_, smoky vapour (P. Plowman, B. xvii. 321). - -=smoor,= to smother. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 44; -‘She smoored him in the slepe’, Coverdale, 1 Kings iii. 19. In prov. use -in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Smoor, vb.^{1}). - -=smouch,= to kiss. Heywood, 1 King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 40; -Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 155). In prov. use in -various parts of England (EDD.). Cp. G. (Swabian dial.) _schmutz_, -‘derber Kuss’ (Schmid). - -=smug,= to smarten up, to make trim or gay; freq. with _up_, Chapman, -tr. of Odyssey, x. 568; Drayton, Pol. x. 69; xxi. 73; Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 3 (Firk). ‘Smug’ is in prov. use in various -parts of England for smart, tidily dressed: also, as vb., to dress up -neatly (EDD.). - -=smuggle,= to hug violently, to smother with caresses, Otway, Ven. -Preserved, last scene; line 13 from end. In prov. use in Somerset and -Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Smuggle, vb.^{2}). - -=smug-skinnde,= sleek, smooth-skinned. Gascoigne, Herbs, ed. Hazlitt, i. -393. - -=snache;= see =snatch.= - -=’snails,= a profane oath, for ‘God’s nails’, i.e. ‘Christ’s nails’ on -the Cross. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey); -London Prodigal, v. 1. 222. Cp. Chaucer, ‘By goddes precious herte, and -by his nayles’ (C. T. C. 651). - -=snakes:= To _eat snakes_ was a recipe for enabling one to grow younger. -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, i. 2 (Orlando); Beaumont and Fl., Elder -Brother, iv. 4 (Andrew). - -=snaphance,= a flint-lock used in muskets and pistols, Lyly, Mother -Bombie, ii. 1 (Dromio); a musket or gun fitted with a flint-lock, Capt. -Smith, Virginia, iii. 12. 93 (NED.). Du. _snaphaan_, ‘a firelock, fusee, -snaphaunce’ (Sewel). - -=snaphance,= an armed robber, a highwayman. Holinshed, Chron. ii. 684. -Du. ‘_snaphaan_, a Fuselier carrying a _snaphaan_’ (Sewel), also a -mounted highwayman. Cp. G. _schnapphahn_ in 1494, _schnapphan_, a -highwayman (Brant, Narrenschiff); _schnapphahn_ in prov. Germ. has also -the meaning of constable, thief-catcher. See Weigand and H. Paul (s.v.). -Cp. F. _chenapan_, ‘mot tiré de l’Allemand, où il désigne un brigand des -Montagnes noires; en François, il signifie un vaurien, un bandit’, Dict. -de l’Acad., 1762. - -=snapper,= to trip, to stumble. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 4; id., -Ware the Hauke, 142; ‘I snapper as a horse dothe that tryppeth, _Je -trippette_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Snapper, -vb.^{1} 1). ME. _snapere_, to stumble: ‘Thi foot schal not snapere’ -(Wyclif, Prov. iii. 23); _snapir_ (Wars Alex. 847). - -=snar,= to snarl; ‘Tygres that did seeme to gren And snar at all’, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. Du. _snarren_, to snarl (Hexham). - -=snarl,= to ensnare, entangle. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 17; J. Beaumont, -Psyche, ix. 275; Palsgrave. A north-country word for snaring hares or -rabbits, see EDD. (s.v. Snarl, vb.^{2} 2). ME. _snarlyn_, ‘illaqueo’ -(Prompt.). - -=snatch,= a trap, snare, entanglement; ‘The Chevalier . . . being taken -in a Gin like unto a Snatch’, Shelton, Quixote, iii. 1; spelt _snache_, -‘A new-founde snache which did my feet ensnare’. Mirror for Mag., -Carassus, st. 43. ME. _snacche_, a trap, snare (K. Alis. 6559). - -=sneaker,= a sneaking fellow; ‘Clarke is a pitifull proud sneaker’, -Reliq. Hearnianae (ed. Bliss, 483); ‘_Origlione_, an eavesdropper, a -listener, . . . a sneaker, a lurking knave’ (Florio). - -=sneap,= to nip or pinch with cold; ‘An envious sneaping Frost’ L. L. L. -i. 1. 100; ‘The sneaped birds’, Lucrece, 333. In prov. use in the north -of England: ‘They’n do well if they dunna get sneaped wi’ the frost’ -(Cheshire), see EDD. (s.v. Snape, vb. 2). Also, to check, repress, -reprove, chide, snub, Brome, Antipodes, iv. 9 (NED.); ‘A man quickly -sneapt’, Maiden’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Servant), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. -428. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _snaip_, to rebuke sharply (Cursor M. -13027), Icel. _sneypa_, to chide (NED. s.v. Snape, vb.^{1}). - -=sneb,= to reprimand sharply, Sidney, Arcadia, xxxiii. 22; _snebbe_, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 126. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.). In -Chaucer, C. T. A. 525, some MSS. have _snebbe_. Swed. dial. _snebba_ -(Rietz). See =snib.= - -=sneck up;= see =snick.= - -=snetched,= slaughtered; ‘A snetched Oxe’, Golding, Metam. v. 122 (Lat. -_mactati iuuenci_). Not found elsewhere. - -=snib,= to reprimand, rebuke sharply; ‘Christian snibbeth his fellow for -unadvised speaking’, Bunyan, Pilgr. Pr. i. 169; Middleton, Five -Gallants, ii. 3 (Tailor); Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 372; to snip off, as -with snuffers, Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole). In prov. use, in -the sense of rebuking sharply, in Scotland and north of England down to -Bedford (EDD.). ME. _snibben_, to rebuke (Chaucer, C. T. A. 523). Dan. -_snibbe_. See =sneb.= - -=snick:= _snick up_ (used imperatively), be hanged! London Prodigal, v. -1; Middleton, Blurt, Master Constable, iv. 1; _Snecke up!_, Twelfth Nt. -ii. 3. 101; also used with _go_, ‘Let him go snick up’, Beaumont and -Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Davenant, -Play-House (Works, ed. 1673, 116). ‘Snick up!’, in the sense of ‘Begone, -go and be hanged’, is said to be in use in west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. -Snickup, int. 4). - -†=snickfail;= ‘Whereas the snickfail grows, and hyacinth’, Webster, The -Thracian Wonder, i. 2. A misprint for _sinckfoil_ = _cinquefoil_; cp. -Greene, Menaphon (ed. Arber, 36); see NED. (s.v. Cinquefoil). -Communicated by Mr. Percy Simpson. - -=snickle,= a running noose. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (Ithamar). In -prov. use in the north and east, esp. in Yorks. and Linc. (EDD.). Here, -for ‘snicle hand too fast’ we should probably read ‘two hands -snickle-fast’, see various conjectures in Tucker Brooke’s ed. of -Marlowe. - -=snig,= a young eel. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 96. In prov. use in various -parts of England (EDD.). ME. _snygge_, an eel (Cath. Angl.). - -=sniggle,= to fish for eels by means of a baited hook or needle thrust -into their holes or haunts. I. Walton, Angler, ch. x. [In the passage -cited by Todd and later Dicts. from Fletcher’s Thierry, ii. 2, ‘I have -snigled him’, the correct reading is doubtless ‘singled’, so NED.] - -=snob,= to sob. Puritan Widow, i. 1. 90; Middleton, Mad World, iii. 2. -In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.). ME. _snobbe_, to sob; ‘My -sobbyng (v.r. snobbyng) and cries’ (Wyclif, Lam. iii. 56). - -=snudge,= a miser, a mean person; ‘A covetous snudge’, Ascham, -Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 28); Dekker, O. Fortunatus, i. 2 (Shadow); -‘Snudge, _parcus_’, Levins, Manipulus. See EDD. - -=snudge,= to remain snug and quiet; ‘Now he will . . . eat his bread in -peace, And snudge in quiet’, G. Herbert, Temple, Giddinesse, 11. In -prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia (EDD.). - -=snuff:= in phr. _to take_ (_a thing_) _in snuff_, to take (a matter) -amiss, to take offence at; ‘Mr. Mills . . . should take it in snuffe -that my wife did not come to his child’s christening’, Pepys, Diary, -1661, Oct. 6; ‘Who therewith angry . . . Took it in snuff’, 1 Hen. IV, -i. 3. 41; _to take snuff at_, to take offence at a thing, Fuller, -Joseph’s Coat (ed. 1867, 51). ‘Snuff’ in these phrases refers probably -to the act of ‘snuffing’ as an expression of contempt or disdain, see -NED. (s.v. sb.^{2} 1), and EDD. (s.v. sb.^{1} 1). - -=soader,= to ‘solder’, cement together. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 34; -_sodder_, Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Janir). - -=soar-falcon,= a falcon or hawk of the first year that has not moulted -and still has its red plumage; ‘Of the soare faulcon so I learne to -fly’, Spenser, Hymn Heav. Beauty, 26; Latham, Falconry, 37; see Nares -(s.v. Sore-Hawk). F. _Faulcon sor_, a soar Hawk; _Harenc sor_, a red -Herring (Cotgr., s.v. Sor). Anglo-F. _sor_, reddish brown (Rough List). -O. Prov. _sor_, _saur_, Ital. _sauro_. See =sore= (a buck). - -=sod,= boiled; _pret._ of ‘seethe’; ‘Sod Euphrates . . . sod Orontes’, -Golding, Metam. ii. 248. The reference is to the boiling of rivers -during the mad career of Phaethon; Ovid has ‘Arsit et Euphrates’, &c. - -=sodder;= see =soader.= - -=soggy,= soaked with moisture, soppy; hence, heavy (like damp and green -hay). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (Mitis). In prov. use in -various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Sog, sb.^{2} 3). - -=soil,= a miry or muddy place used by a wild boar for wallowing in; -‘_Sueil_, the soyle of a wild Bore, the mire wherein hee commonly -walloweth; _se souiller_ (of a swine), to take soyle, or wallow in the -mire’, Cotgrave. The phr. ‘to take soil’ corresponds to F. _prendre -souille_. _Souille_ is a deriv. from _souiller_, to soil with mud, -Romanic type *_soc’lare_, deriv. of L. _sŭcula_, a little sow. - -=soil,= a pool or stretch of water, used as a refuge by a hunted deer or -other animal, Turbervile, Hunting, 241; _to take soil_, to take to the -water, as a hunted deer, id., 148; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarl); -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 6. See above. - -=soil,= to expound, explain, to resolve a doubt; ‘I have not learned to -soyle no riedles’, Udall, tr. Apoph. 309 (NED.); ‘_Souldre_, to cleere -or soile a doubt’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F. _soiler_, OF. _soldre_, L. -_solvere_, to loosen, to explain. - -=soil,= to absolve from sin, ‘I soyle from synne, _je assouls_’, -Palsgrave. For _assoil_, Anglo-F. _assoiler_, to absolve, pardon (Rough -List); OF. _assoldre_, L. _absolvere_; see Moisy. - -=sokingly,= slowly, gently, gradually; ‘Sokingly, one pece after an -other’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 32. ME. _sokingly_, ‘sensim, -paulatim’ (Prompt. EETS. 147); ‘By good leyser sokingly, and nat over -hastily’ (Chaucer. C. T. B. 2767). - -=Sol,= the sun. Peele, Poems (ed. Routledge, p. 601); an alchemist’s -term for gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol). - -=sol,= a small coin, B. Jonson, Volpone, iv. 2 (Bonario); Marmion, The -Antiquary, iii. 1 (Ant.). OF. _sol_; L. _solidus_ (sc. _nummus_), a gold -coin (in the time of the emperors). - -=solayne,= sullen, melancholy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 16, 1. 51; -_soleyne_, id., Bowge of Courte, 187; _solein_, Spenser, Shep. Kal., -May, 213. ME. _soleyn_, of maners or he þat lovyth no company, -‘solitarius, Acheronicus’. (Prompt. EETS. 421); ‘The soleyn fenix of -Arabye’ (Chaucer, Boke Duch. 982). - -=sold,= pay, remuneration, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 6. Med. L. _soldum_, -pay, related to L. _solidus_, a piece of money; see =sol.= - -=soldado,= a soldier. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2 (_or_ 1) -(Downright). Span. _soldado_, one who is paid; a soldier; deriv. of Med. -L. _soldum_, pay. See above. See Stanford. - -=soldan,= the supreme ruler of a Mohammedan country, Marlowe, 1 -Tamburlaine, iii. 2. 31; Milton, P. L. i. 764. ME. _soldan_ (Gower, C. -A. i. 245); Ital. _soldano_; Arab, _sulṭân_. - -=sole;= see =sowl.= - -=solein;= see =solayne.= - -=solf,= to sing the notes of the _sol-fa_, or gamut; to sing. Calisto -and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 71; _solfe_, Skelton, Phyllyp -Sparowe, 415. ME. _solfe_ (P. Plowman, B. v. 423). - -†=solidare,= a small piece of money. Timon, iii. 1. 46. Not found -elsewhere. - -=sollar,= an upper room. Udall, tr. Erasmus, Acts xx. 8 (= ὑπερῷον, -_cenaculum_); a loft, ‘Sollars full of wheat’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, -iv. 1 (Barabas). The word is still in prov. use in various parts of -England with many meanings: esp. an upper room, a first-floor apartment; -loft or garret (EDD.). The Gk. word ὑπερῷον (Vulg. _cenaculumm_) in Acts -xx. 8 is rendered by _soler_ in Wyclif’s tr. (Luther has _söller_). In -the Heliand and in Tatian _soleri_ = ‘cenaculum’. ME. _solere_ or lofte, -‘solarium’ (Prompt.); ‘Soler-halle at Cantebregge’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -3990, see Notes); OE. _solor_ (_soler_-); L. _solarium_, a part of the -house exposed to the sun, esp. a flat house-top (Vulgate, 2 Sam. xi. 2). - -=somedele,= somewhat, in some measure, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 40. In -prov. use in Scotland, Yorks., Northants, see EDD. (s.v. Some, 1 (3)). -ME. _somdel_, in some measure (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3911). - -=somer,= a ‘summer’, a supporting beam, a support. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 5. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Summer, sb.^{2}). F. -_sommier_, ‘the piece of timber called a Summer’ (Cotgr.); OF. _somier_, -a pack-horse (Burguy); Med. L. _saumarius_, _sagmarius_, ‘equus -clitellarius’ (Ducange); deriv. of _sagma_, a pack, burden; Gk. σάγμα. -See Dict. (s.v. Sumpter). For the development of meaning from ‘a kind of -horse’ to a ‘timber-beam’, cp. F. _poutre_, (1) a filly, (2) a -supporting beam. - -=somner,= an official summoner. Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 -(Lucre). ME. _somner_ (P. Plowman, C. iii. 59); _somnour_, summoner, -apparitor, an officer who summoned delinquents before the ecclesiastical -courts (Chaucer, C. T. A. 543). - -=sonde,= a sending, a messenger. Morte Arthur, leaf 420, back, 13; bk. -xxi, c. 1. OE. _sand_ (_sond_), a sending, message. - -=sonties:= in phr. _by God’s sonties_, an oath used by old Gobbo in -Merch. Ven. ii. 1. 17. The same as _God’s santy_, Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. I, v. 2 (Bellafront). Adapted from OF. _saintée_, _sancteit_, -sanctity, holiness (Godefroy). - -=soop,= to sweep; ‘A sooping traine’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2 -(Judicio); _sooping it_, sweeping alone; id., v. 1 (Studioso). Icel. -_sōpa_, to sweep. - -=sooreyn,= jaded feeling, exhaustion; ‘Abundance breedes the sooreyn of -excesse’, Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 286. A -back-formation from the verb _to surrein_, to overtire. See =surreined.= - -=soote,= sweetly, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 111; also sweet, Surrey, -Description of Spring, 1. ME. _sote_, sweetly (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. -2612), OE. _swōte_, sweetly. Chaucer has also _sote_ as adj. sweet (C. -T. A. 1), but the OE. adj. is _swēte_. - -=sooterkin,= an imaginary kind of afterbirth formerly attributed to -Dutch women; ‘There goes a report of the Holland Women that together -with their children they are delivered of a Sooterkin, not unlike a Rat, -which some imagine to be the Offspring of the Stoves’, Cleveland (NED.); -Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 146. [Swift to Delany (Works, ed. 1755, III. ii. -232); Pope, Dunciad, i. 126; ‘Sooterkin, _maankalf_’, Calisch.] See -=mooncalf.= - -=sooth,= to declare a statement to be true, to corroborate it. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 1. 47; to support a person in a statement, ‘Sooth me -in all I say’, Massinger, Duke Milan, v. 2; _to sooth up_, ‘Sooth me in -all I say’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 10. 19. The same word as _soothe_, -OE. _sōðian_, to show to be true. The pronunciation of the verb is due -to the sb. _sooth_, OE. _sōð_. - -=sophie,= wisdom; ‘The seuenfold sophie of Minerue’, Grimald, Death of -Zoroas, 67; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. Gk. σοφία. - -=sops-in-wine,= a name given to some kind of gilliflower or pink. -Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 138; B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, -l. 6). See Nares. - -=sord,= ‘sward’, turf. Milton, P. L. xi. 433; _greene-sord_, green -sward, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 157 (so Fol. 1). - -=sore,= a buck of the fourth year. Phaer, Aeneid x. 725 (L. _cervum_). -‘The bucke . . . the iij. yere a sowrell, A _sowre_ at the iiij. yere’, -Book of St. Albans, fol. e, iiij. - - =sorel,= a buck of the third year; ‘Sorell jumps from thicket’, - L. L. L. iv. 2. 60; ‘Sorell, a yonge bucke’, Palsgrave; see NED. - (s.v. Sorrel, sb.^{2} 2). Anglo-F. _sorel_, a reddish-brown - horse (Ch. Rol. 1379), deriv. of _sor_ (id., 1943). See - =soar-falcon.= - -=sore.= Of the hare: to traverse open ground, ‘I might see [the hare] -sore and resore’, i.e. dart off, first in one direction and then in -another, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (end). ‘When he gooth the howndys -before, He sorth and resorth’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 8, back. - -=sore,= to make sore, to hurt. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 38. - -=sort,= a company, assemblage of people: Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 13; -Richard II, iv. 1. 246; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 5; Ps. lxii. 3 (Great -Bible, 1539); rank, degree, ‘A gentleman of great sort’, Hen. V, iv. 7. -143; _of sorts_, of various kinds, ‘They have a king and officers of -sorts’ (id., i. 2. 190). Anglo-F. _sort_, company, assemblage (Gower, -Mirour, 16800). - -=sortilege,= a drawing of lots. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. 1, § 18. -F. _sortilège_, L. _sortilegium_. - -=soss,= to make oneself wet and dirty, to dabble; ‘Sossing and possing, -dabbling in mire’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle; i. 4 (Hodge); _sost_, pp. -made wet and dirty, Tusser, Husbandry, § 48. 20. In prov. use in various -parts of the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Soss, vb.^{2} and vb.^{3}). - -†=sothbind.= ‘But late medcynes can help no sothbynde sore’, Mirror for -Mag., Richard, st. 10 (ed. 1578 has: ‘no _festered_ sore’). Not found -elsewhere. See Nares. - -†=sothery.= The devils are described as having—‘Theyr taylles wel -kempt, and, as I wene, With sothery butter theyr bodyes anoynted’, -Heywood, The Four Plays, v. 87, Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 18, col. 2; -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 376. Does it mean ‘Surrey butter’? Surrey is spelt -_Sothery_ in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 269; and _Sothray_ in Skelton, El. -Rummyng, 96. - -=souce;= see =souse.= - -=soud,= to consolidate, make whole. Pp. _souded_, Morte Arthur, leaf -359. 20; bk. xvii, c. 19. F. _souder_, to consolidate; L. _solidare_. - -=souder,= to be soldered together, to become whole; ‘The pecys . . . -soudered as fayr as euer they were to-fore’, Morte Arthur, leaf 348. 12; -bk. xvii, c. 4. - -=soul,= a part of the viscera of a cooked fowl. Heywood, Eng. Traveller, -ii. 1 (Clown). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, sb.^{1} 8). ‘_Âme_, the soule of a -capon or gose’, Palsgrave; ‘_Mazzacáre_, the tender part of any bird or -fowl, in a Goose it is called the Soul’ (Florio). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, -sb.^{1} 8) and Notes and Queries (8th S. ii. 169). - -=souling,= relishing, affording a relish; _souling well_, affording a -good relish, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 32. Cp. the north -country prov. word _sowl_(_e_, a relish, dainty, anything eaten with -bread (EDD.). OE. _sufl_. - -=sound,= to swoon, Two Angry Women, iii. 2 (Francis); Heywood, Four -Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 181; a swoon, ‘a deadly sound’, id., Fair -Maid of the Exchange (Anthony), vol. ii, p. 15; Udall, Roister Doister, -iii. 3. 94; ‘She fell into a traunce or sownde’, Stubbes, A Christall -Glasse (ed. Furnivall, 202). In common prov. use in Scotland, also in -England in various parts, esp. in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Sound, -vb.^{2}). See =sowne= (2). - -=sounder,= a herd of wild swine. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iv. 163; -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); ‘That men calleth a trip of a -tame swyn is called of wylde swyn a soundre, that is to say ȝif ther be -passyd v or vi togedres’ (Halliwell). OE. _sunor_: ‘sunor bergana’ (Luke -viii. 32, Lind.) = ‘grex porcorum’ (Vulg.). - -=sourd,= to arise. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; Fabyan’s -Chron., ed. 1811, p. 436; p. 499, l. 23. ME. _sourde_, to arise -(Chaucer, C. T. I. 475); F. _sourdre_; L. _surgere_. - -=sous, souse,= a ‘sou’, a small coin. Farquhar, The Inconstant, i. 2 -(Old Mirabel); Prior, Down Hall, st. 33. [‘Those most heav’nly pictures -. . . For which the nation paid down every souse’, Peter Pindar, Works -(ed. 1816, p. 397).] An obsolete Scotch word (EDD.). - -=souse,= to swoop down like a hawk. Heywood, Dialogue, 181 (Mercury), -vol. vi, p. 247; to deal a heavy downward blow, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 6; -Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules); the downward swoop of a bird of prey, -the sudden blow given by a ‘sousing’ hawk, Drayton, Pol. xx. 241; -Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 3. 2; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). -The word as applied in falconry meant originally the upward spring or -swoop of a bird of prey; an older form was _sours_; OF. _sorse_ (mod. -_source_), lit. the ‘rise’ of the hawk; cp. Chaucer, C. T. D. 1938, and -Hous Fame, ii. 36. See Dict. (s.v. Souse), and Notes on Eng. Etym. 275. - -=souse,= brine for pickle. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, ii. 1 -(Normandine); ears and feet of a pig in pickle, Tusser, Husbandry, § 12; -Butler, Hud. i. 2. 120; hence _souse-wife_ (_sowce-wife_), a woman who -sold ‘souse’, Greene, George-a-Greene (ed. Dyce. 257); Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Hol. ii. 3 (Firk). ME. _sowce_, ‘succidium’ (Prompt. EETS. -424, see note, no. 2063); OF. _sous_ (_souz_), see Godefroy (s.v. Soult, -2); cp. OHG. _sulza_ (Schade), O. Prov. _soltz_, ‘viande à la -vinaigrette’ (Levy); Ital. _solcio_, a seasoning of meat (Florio). Cp. -also OF. _solcier_, ‘confire de la viande dans du vinaigre et des -épices’ (Raschi). See note on ‘Solz’, in Romania, 1910, p. 176. - -=sovenance,= remembrance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 8; Shep. Kal., May, 82, -Nov., 5. Anglo-F. _sovenance_ (Gower, Mirour, 8244); F. _souvenance_, -‘memorie, remembrance’ (Cotgr.). - -=sovereign,= a gold coin, a ten-shilling piece. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, v. 7 (Fallace). - -=sow,= a large lump of metal; ‘Sowes of gold’, Mirror for Mag., King -Chirinnus, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘_Pano di metallo_, a mass, a sow or ingot of -metal’ (Florio). - -=sowce-wife;= See =souse= (2). - -=sow-gard,= a protecting shield or shelter (= L. _testudo_). Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, ii. 451. A sow was a military engine consisting of a -movable roof arranged to protect men handling a battering-ram or -advancing to scale walls. - -=sowl,= to pull by the ears. Coriolanus, iv. 5. 213 (old edd. _sole_); -spelt _sole_, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, iv. 1 (Vulcan); vol. v, p. 137. -‘Sowl’ is in prov. use in many spellings (_soul_, _sool_, _sole_, -_soal_, _saul_), meaning to pull by the ears, also to hit on the head, -see EDD. (s.v. Sowl, vb.^{1}). - -=sowne, soune,= a sound, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 2; c. -13, § 4; to sound, ‘Sowning through the sky’, Tottel’s Misc., p. 202. -ME. _sowne_ (_soune_), to sound (Chaucer). F. _son_, sound; _sonner_, to -sound. - -=sowne,= to swoon, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 483; a swoon, Puritan Widow, i. -3. 42. In prov. use for swoon, see EDD. (s.v. Sound, vb.^{2} 1). ME. -_sownyn_, ‘sincopo’ (Prompt. EETS. 324). See =sound.= - -=sowse;= see =souse.= - -=sowter, souter,= a cobbler. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 -(Rosalura); Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Mad Lover, ii. 1. 22. In prov. -use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _souter_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3904); -OE. _sūtere_; L. _sutor_. - -=soyle,= the watery place in which a hunted animal takes refuge. -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; p. 115. Used to signify the hunted animal; -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 16. See =soil= (pool). - -=space,= to walk or roam about. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44. Cp. Ital. -_spaziare_, to walk about (_spatiare_ in Florio). L. _spatiari_, whence -also O. Prov. _espasiar_, reflex, ‘se promener’ (Levy), and G. -_spazieren_. Cp. Med. L. ‘_Spatiamentum_, ambulatio, deambulatio, animi -relaxatio’ (Ducange). - -=spade,= to make a female animal barren, to ‘spay’. Chapman. Widow’s -Tears, v (Governor). Med. L. _spadare_, ‘spadonem facere’ (Ducange), -deriv. of L. _spado_, Gk. σπάδων, one who has no generative power, -eunuch. See =spay.= - -=spade-bone,= blade-bone, shoulder-bone. Drayton, Pol. v. 266; Skinner -(ann. 1671). In prov. use (EDD.). _Spade_ = Norm. F. _espalde_, ‘épaule’ -(Moisy). For the phonology cp. jade = Icel. _jalda_, a mare, through OF. -*_jaude_, *_jalde_. See below. - -=spalle,= a shoulder. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ‘Spawl’ (‘spaul’) is in -prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spaul). OF. _espalle_, _espalde_ -(F. _épaule_), Med. L. _spatula_, a shoulder-blade, L. _spatula_, a -broad-bladed knife. See =spade-bone.= - -=span-counter,= a boys’ game. One boy throws down a counter, which -another wins, if he can throw another so as to hit it or lie within a -span of it. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 3; Northward Ho, i. 2 (Philip). See Nares. - -=spang,= a spangle. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1162; Bacon, Essay 37. Hence -_spang’d_, spangled, Three Lords and Three Ladies (Shealty), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 467. - -=Spanish fig,= a poisoned fig. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 30. - -=Spanish needle,= a needle of the best quality. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, ii. 1. 6. - -=Spanish pike,= a needle; jocosely. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Folly). - -=spare, spaire, spayre,= an opening or slit in a gown or petticoat. -_Spayre_, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 345; ‘_Sparre_ of a gowne, _fente de -la robe_’, Palsgrave; Skene, Difficill Scottish Words (ann. 1681). ME. -_speyre_ of garment, ‘cluniculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 427, see note, no. -2083); _spayre_, ‘manubium, cluniculum’ (Cath. Angl.). - -=Spargirica,= a name for Alchemy; ‘Ars Spagyrica’ (misspelt), B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 5 (ed. 1616). Ital. _Spargirica_, a name given to Alchemy -from its separating and analysing chemical substances (Fanfani). -Cotgrave has ‘_Spargirie_, Alchymie’, and ‘_Spargirique_, an Alchemist’. -Florio has ‘_Spargirio_, Alchymy or the Extraction of Quintessences’. - -=spark,= a diamond. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Rolliardo). - -=sparkle,= to scatter, disperse. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal Subject, i. 5. -4; Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius); _sparkling_, scattering, -Bonduca, iii. 2 (near the end). See Nares, and Trench’s Select Glossary -(ed. 1890). In prov. use in Yorks. (EDD.). See =disparkle.= - -=sparse,= to scatter. Fairfax, Tasso, xii. 46; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xi. 268. L. _spars-us_, pp. of _spargere_, to scatter. See =sperse.= - -=spaw,= a spa, place with mineral waters; ‘Your Tunbridge, or the Spaw -itself’, B. Jonson, News from the New World (1 Herald); _The Spawe_, -Gascoigne, Works, i. 376 (1572). So named from _Spa_, in Belgium. - -=spay,= to render female animals barren; ‘Geld your loose wits, and let -your Muse be spay’d’, Cleveland (Johnson’s Dict.). Anglo-F. *_espayer_ -(OF. _espeër_) < Med. L. _spadare_, to deprive of generative power -(Ducange). See =spade.= - -=speed,= to dispatch, destroy, kill; ‘With a speeding thrust his heart -he found’, Dryden (Johnson); _sped_, pp. done for, Romeo, iii. 1. 94; -Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 72; _speeding-place_, the place where a wound is -fatal, and the man is sped. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Quadratus); -Chapman, Widow’s Tears, i (Tharsalio). - -=spence,= expense; ‘Spence, cost, _despence_’, Palsgrave; Ascham, -Toxophilus, 122. ME. _spense_, spendynge, ‘dispensa’, Voc. 578. 45; -_spence_, or expence (Prompt. EETS. 427). - -=spence,= a buttery, a larder; ‘Spens, a buttrye, _despencier_’, -Palgrave; _spence_, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 35 -(Taverner). In prov. use in Scotland and the north country, meaning a -larder, pantry, store-cupboard, see EDD. (s.v. Spense). ME. _spence_, -botery, ‘promptuarium’ (Prompt. EETS. 427). - -=sperage,= ‘the herb asparagus; it is so called by Gerard, and all the -old botanists, as its English name’ (Nares). North, tr. Plutarch, Jul. -Caesar, § 16 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 58); Sylv. Du Bartas, Furies (Nares); -Haven of Health, c. xxiii, p. 45 (id.). A Glouc. form (EDD.). ME. -_sperage_, asparagus (Palladius, Husbandry, 112). - -=spere,= used in the sense of a youth, a stripling; ‘A lusty spere’, -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 947; Poems ag. Garnesche, iii. 41. Prob. a _fig._ -use of ‘spere’, a young shoot or sprout, still in prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Spear, sb.^{1} 7). - -=spere, speer,= to shoot, sprout, a term in malting, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 84. 5. See =spire.= - -=sperhauk,= sparrowhawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 301. 34; bk. xii, c. 7. Cp. -OE. _spearhafoc_ (Voc. 132. 26); _spearwa_, sparrow + _hafoc_, hawk. - -=sperre,= to shut, fasten, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224; Tr. and Cr., -Prol. 19 (Theobald’s emendation); ‘I sperre, _Je ferme_. This verbe is -of the northyrne langaige and nat commynly in use’, Palsgrave. _Spear_, -‘to bar or fasten a door’, is a Northumbrian word, see EDD. (s.v. Speer, -vb. 6. 2); ‘To _sper_, to shut, to fasten a door with a bar of wood’ -(Jamieson). ME. _sperre_, ‘claudere’ (Cath. Angl.); _sperred_, barred -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 521). Cp. G. _sperren_, to shut (in or out). - -=sperse,= to scatter, ‘disperse’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 39; v. 3. 37. - -=spertle,= to sprinkle with fluid, Drayton, Pol. ii. 283. In prov. use -in the Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v. Spirtle). - -=spheres.= Peacham, Compl. Gentleman, c. 7, gives the old eleven -spheres: ‘The eleventh heaven is the habitation of God and his angels. -The tenth, the first moover [_primum mobile_]. The ninth, the -Christalline heaven. The eighth, the starry firmament. Then the seven -planets in their order’ [viz. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, -Mercury, Moon]. In the Ptolemaic astronomy, the sun went round the -earth, which was the immovable centre of the universe. - -=spial,= a spy. Bacon, Essay 44. In some edd. for _espial_ in 1 Hen. VI, -i. 4. 8; _spials_, spies, Marl. 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 2. 35. See =espial.= - -=spice,= a species, kind, sort. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 1, -§§ 1, 3; ‘Spyce, a kynde, _espece_’, Palsgrave. ME. _spice_, species, -kind: ‘Absteyne you fro yvel spice’ (Wyclif, 1 Thess. v. 22); ‘The -spices (v.r. speces) of envye ben these’ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 490). OF. -_espice_, a species, L. _species_, a kind, sort (Vulgate, 1 Thess. v. -22). - -=spiced,= scrupulous, over-nice, too particular; ‘Out of a scruple he -took . . . in spiced conscience’, B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, i. 1 -(Quarlous); Sejanus, v. 4 (Sej.); Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 1 -(Cleanthe). See note on Chaucer, C. T. A. 526. See =spice.= - -=spick,= lard. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 335. In Scotland the fat of -animals, the blubber of whales (EDD.). ME. _spyke_ or fette flesch, -‘popa’ (Prompt. EETS. 428). Icel. _spik_, the fat of seals or whales, -cp. OE. _spic_, fat bacon; G. _speck_, bacon, lard. - -=spilt,= (perhaps) inlaid with thin slips. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 5. See -EDD. (s.v. Spill, sb.^{2} 1). - -=spilth,= a spilling, pouring out. Used of wine, Timon, ii. 2. 169. A -Scottish word; also in use in Suffolk (EDD.). - -=spinet,= a spinny, a copse, thicket. B. Jonson, The Satyr, first -stage-direction. L. _spinetum_, a thicket of thorns; from _spina_, -thorn. - -=spinner,= a spider. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Mids. -Night’s D. ii. 2. 21; Romeo, i. 4. 59; ‘Spynner or spyder, _herigne_’, -Palsgrave; ‘_Araigne_, a spider or spinner’, Cotgrave. In prov. use -(EDD.). ME. _spynner_, ‘arania’ (Prompt.). - -=spintry,= a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius). L. -_spintria_. - -=spiny,= slender. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 (1 Puritan); A Mad -World, iii. 2. 7. Cp. prov. words _spindly_, _spindling_, _spindle_, -meaning slender, see EDD. (s.v. Spindle). - -=spire,= to sprout, shoot forth. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 52. In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Spire, vb.^{1} 8). ME. _spyryn_, as corn or odyre -lyk, ‘spico’; _spyre_ of corne (Prompt. EETS. 429 and 463). OE. _spīr_ -(Leechdoms), cp. Dan. _spire_, a germ, sprout. See =spere.= - -=spirget,= a wooden peg on which to hang things; ‘There hung a Bowle of -Beech upon a _spirget_ by a ring’, Golding, Metam. viii. 653. ‘Spurget’ -is in prov. use in the north country, E. Anglia, and Sussex for an iron -hook, see EDD. (s.v. Sperket). - -=spirt,= to shoot up (as a plant), to sprout. Hen. V, iii. 5. 8; -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 558. In prov. use in the Midlands and -Dorset (EDD.). OE. _sprytian_, to sprout, germinate. - -=spital, spittle,= a hospital. Formerly _hospital_; whence _’spital_. -Hen. V, ii. 1. 78; v. 1. 86; Puritan Widow, i. 1. 151; _spittle_, Sir -Thos. More, i. 3. 81; ‘_Ladrerie_, a Spittle for lepers’, Cotgrave. -Hence, _spital-house_, Timon, iv. 3. 39. ME. _spytyl hows_, -‘leprosorium’ (Prompt. EETS. 429). - -=spitchcock’d.= _A spitchcock’d eel_, a broiled eel spread on a skewer, -‘Spitchcock’d like a salted eel’, Cotton, Burlesque (Poems, p. 222); -Cartwright, The Ordinary, ii. 1, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 239. Hence -_spitchcock_, a spitchcocked eel, Northward Ho, i. 1 (Chamberlain). See -Dict. (s.v. Spitch-cock). - -=spitter,= ‘Among Hunters, a red Male Deer near two Years old, whose -Horns begin to grow up sharp, and spit-wise; it is also call’d a Brocket -or Pricket’, Phillips, Dict., ed. 1706; ‘_Subulo_, an hart havyng hornes -without tynes, called (as I suppose) a spittare’, Elyot, 1559. Applied -to a full-grown stag by Golding, Metam. x. 117; fol. 121 (1603). Cp. G. -_spiesser_, a brocket, a buck of the second year (Grieb-Schröer). - -=spittle;= see =spital.= - -=splay,= to display, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 93. 13; ‘Hys banners -splaide’, and ‘Our ensignes splayde’, Gascoigne (Nares). Cp. E. -_splay-foot_, see Dict. (s.v. Splay). - -=splay,= to castrate, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 249 (mod. edd. _spay_). In -Shropshire heifers are _splayed_ to make them barren (EDD.). - -=spleen.= The organ of the body viewed as the seat of emotions and -passions; impetuosity, eagerness, ‘The spleen of fiery dragons’, Richard -III, v. 3. 350; malice, hatred, ‘I have no spleen against you’, Hen. -VIII, ii. 4. 89; a fit of passion,’ A hair-brained Hotspur, governed by -a spleen’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 19; any sudden impulse or fit beyond the -control of reason, esp. a fit of laughter, ‘Thy silly thought enforces -my spleen’, L. L. L. iii. 77; a caprice, ‘A thousand spleens bear her a -thousand ways’, Ven. and Ad. 907. See Schmidt. - -=splent,= a lath, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 122. 10; ‘Splent for an -house, _laite_’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Splint, -sb.^{1} 2). ME. _splente_ (Prompt. EETS. 429). - -=splent,= ‘a kind of hard swelling, without Pain, that grows on the Bone -of a Horse’s Leg’, Phillips, Dict., 1706; Greene, Looking Glasse, i (p. -120). - -=sploach,= a ‘splotch’, a blot. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, v. 1 -(Don Diego). ‘Splotch’ is in common prov. use (EDD.). - -=spondil,= one of the vertebrae of the spine; ‘The spondils of his -back’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Tuck). Gk. (Ionic) σπόνδυλος, -(Attic) σφόνδυλος, a vertebra. - -=spooks-make,= interpreter; ‘Of Gods the spooks-make’ (= L. _interpres -Divum_), Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 373. _Spooks-make_ = -_spokes-make_. ‘Spoke’ is in prov. use for talk, conversation (EDD.); -‘make’ is still in prov. use, meaning a companion. See =make.= - -=spoom,= to sail before the wind. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 96; -Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 1 (Master). - -=spoon-meat,= broth. Middleton, The Witch, iv. 1 (Almachildes). - -=spoorn,= some kind of hobgoblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); -Denham Tracts (ed. 1895, ii. 77); _the spoorne_, Scot, Disc. Witches, -153. - -=spousayles,= a marriage, wedding. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. -12, § 2 (ed. Croft, ii. 142); _spousals_, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. -407. OF. _espousailles_; L. _sponsalia_, pl. - -=sprag,= quick, alert. Merry Wives, iv. 1. 84. In prov. use in the north -country, Worc. and the west (EDD.). ‘Sprag’ is a later form of ‘sprack’, -in common prov. use in various parts of England. Cp. Norw. dial. -_spræk_, fresh, lively (Aasen). - -=spraints,= the dung of the otter, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 73, p. 201; -_sprayntes_, id., c. 37, p. 98; Maister of Game, c. 11; Howell, Parl. of -Beasts, 8 (Davies, 162). In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). [C. -Kingsley, Two Years Ago, xviii.] F. ‘_esprainctes_, _espreinctes_, dung -of the otter’ (Cotgr.); _épreintes_ de la loutre (Hatzfeld). OF. -_espreindre_, to press out, L. _exprimere_. - -=sprent,= _pp._ sprinkled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 45. In prov. use in -Scotland and the north country (EDD.). ME. _spreynd_, also _spreynt_, -sprinkled (Wyclif, Heb. ix. 13; Rev. xix. 13), pp. of _sprengen_, to -sprinkle, OE. _sprengan_. - -=spring.= _A spring garden_, a garden in which a concealed spring was -made to spout jets of water over a visitor, when he trod upon a -particular spot. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Pt. I, sc. 1 -(Sophocles). - -=spring,= a dance-tune. Fletcher, Prophetess, v. 3 (3 Shepherd). In -prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spring, 9). ME. _spring_, a merry -dance (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1235). - - =spring-halt,= a lameness in which a horse twitches up his leg. - Hen. VIII, i. 3. 13. - -=spring:= _a spring of pork_, the lower part of the fore-quarter, -divided from the neck. Fletcher, The Prophetess, i. 3. 7. In prov. use -in Northants (EDD.). See Nares. - -=spring,= the young growth in a wood, a copse, a grove; ‘The nightingale -among the thick-leav’d spring’, Fletcher, Faithful Sheph. v. 1; Fairfax, -Tasso, xiii. 35; ‘In yonder spring of roses’, Milton, P. L. ix. 218; a -young shoot of a tree, Lucrece, 950; _fig._ a youth, lad, ‘Being yong -and yet a very spring’, Mirrour for Mag., Northumberland, st. 4; -Spenser, Muiopotmos, 292. ‘Spring’ is in prov. use for young growth, the -undergrowth of wood; a copse, a grove (EDD.). - -=springal,= a youth. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Laws of -Candy, iii. 2 (Cassilane); _springald_, id., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2; -‘Springald, _adolescens_’, Levins, Manip. See EDD. (s.v. Springald). - -=spruntly,= smartly, sprucely. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Lady T.). -The adj. is in prov. use (EDD.). - -=spurblind,= ‘purblind’, nearly blind. Lyly, Sapho, ii. 2 (Phao). -Halliwell says that the word was used by Latimer. - -=spurling,= a smelt. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 5; Gascoigne, -Supposes, ii. 4 (Carion). ME. _sperlynge_, ‘sperlingus’ (Cath. Angl.); -F. _esperlan_, a smelt (Cotgr.). - -=spur-ryal, spur-royal,= a gold coin, worth about fifteen shillings; -also called a _royal_ or _ryal_. It had a star on the reverse resembling -a rowel of a spur (Nares). Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Young -Loveless); Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia). - -=spyon, spion,= a scout, in an army; ‘Captain of the Spyons’, Heywood, -Four Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 242. F. ‘_espion_, a spy, scout; -_espier_, to spy’ (Cotgr.). - -=spyrre,= to ask, inquire. Morte Arthur, leaf 416, back, 36; bk. xxi, c. -8. Cp. ‘spur’ in use in the north country for publishing or _asking_ the -banns of matrimony in church, see EDD. (s.v. Spur, vb.^{2}). ME. -_speren_, to ask (Barbour’s Bruce, see Gloss.). OE. _spyrian_, to -inquire into. - -=squall,= a term of endearment; ‘The rich gull gallant calls her deare -and love, Ducke, lambe, squall, sweet-heart, cony, and his dove’, -Taylor, 1630 (Nares); Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Hellgill); Five -Gallants, iv. 2. 3; used as a term of reproach, ‘_Obereau_, a young minx -or little proud squal’, Cotgrave; also, applied to a man as a term of -contempt, Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. -199). See Halliwell. - -=squander,= to scatter, disperse, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 32; Dryden, Annus -Mirab., st. 67. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England -(EDD.). - -=square,= rule, exact conduct; ‘I have not kept my square’, Ant. and Cl. -ii. 3. 6; ‘Never breaks square’ (i.e. never gives offence), Middleton, -The Widow, ii (end). - -=square,= to quarrel. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 30; Titus And. ii. 1. 100; -Ant. and Cl. ii. 1. 45; Harington, Ariosto, xiv. 72; id., Ep. i. 37; a -quarrel, Promos and Cass. ii. 4 (Nares). Hence _squarer_, a quarreller, -Much Ado, i. 1. 82. Also, a squadron, ‘Our squares of battle’, Hen. V, -iv. 2. 28; ‘Squares of war’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 11. 40. Cp. O. Prov. -_esqueira_, ‘corps de bataille’ (Levy). Med. L. _squadra_, ‘caterva, -turba, cohors; acies, copiae militares’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. _squadra_, -‘a squadron or troop of men’ (Florio); F. _escadre_ (Cotgr.). See Dict. -(s.vv. Square, Squadron). - -=squares.= _How go the squares?_ how goes the game? The reference is to -the chessboard; Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Purge); May, The Old -Couple, iv. 1 (Sir Argent). - -=squash,= the shell or pod of peas or beans; an unripe pea-pod. Twelfth -Nt. i. 5. 166; Wint. Tale, i. 2. 161. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. -Squash, vb.^{1} 3). - -=squat,= to squeeze, crush, bruise. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. -3 (Savourwit). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). OF. -_esquatir_, ‘aplatir, briser’ (Didot). See Dict. - -=squelch,= to crush, bruise, strike with a heavy blow. Fletcher, Nice -Valour, v. 1 (Galoshio); a heavy blow, Butler, Hud. i. 2. 836, 933. In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=squelter,= to ‘welter’, wallow, roll about; ‘The slaughter’d Trojans -squeltring in their blood’, Locrine, ii. 6. 4. - -=squib,= a paltry fellow. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 371. In prov. use in -west Yorks. in the sense of a small dwarfish person, see EDD. (s.v. -Squib, sb.^{2}). - -=squib,= used _fig._ for a flashy, futile project or design, Bacon, -Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 195). - -=squich,= to move quickly. Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley. ii. 387; to wince, to flinch, Soliman and Perseda, iv. -(Basilisco), id., v. 343. Probably identical with prov. E. _switch_, to -move quickly, see EDD. (s.v. Switch, vb.^{1} 9). - -=squince,= the quinsy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 22, § 3; -‘_Squinantia_, the Squince or Squinancie’, Florio; also _squincy_, -‘_Esquinance_, the Squincy’, Cotgrave; ‘Shall we not be suspected for -the murder, And choke with a hempen squincy’, Randolph, The Jealous -Lovers (ed. 1634, p. 54). ME. _squynesy_, ‘squinancia’ (Prompt. EETS. -431). Sec Dict. (s.v. Quinsy). - -=squinny, squiny,= to look asquint. King Lear, iv. 6. 140; ‘How -scornfully she squinnies’, Shirley, Sisters, ii. 2 (Antonio). In prov. -use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=squire, squier,= a ‘square’, a rule for measuring, Wint. Tale, iv. 4. -348; _by the squire_, by exact rule, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 -(Pan). ME. _squire_, a carpenter’s instrument (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2090). -F. ‘_esquierre_, a rule or square’ (Cotgr.). - -=staddle,= a prop, support. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 14; a young growing -tree left standing in a wood after the underwood has been cut away, -Bacon, Essay 29, § 5; id., Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 72). See EDD. OE. -_staþol_, a foundation, firm support. - -=staffe,= a stave, a stanza; ‘_Staffe_ . . . The Italian called it -_Stanza_’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 2 (Of proportion in -Staffe). - -=staffier,= a lacquey, a footman. Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 651. F. -‘_estaffier_, a lackey or footboy, that runs by the stirrup; a -servingman that waits afoot, while his master rides; _estaphe_, a -stirrup’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _staffiere_, ‘a lacquey, that runs by a man’s -stirrup’; _staffa_, ‘a kind of stirrup for a saddle’ (Florio). Of Germ. -origin, cp. G. _stapfe_, a foot-step. - -=staggers,= a sudden fit of giddiness, vertigo. Beaumont and Fl., Mad -Lover, i. 1 (Calis); Cymbeline, v. 5. 234; All’s Well, ii. 3. 170; a -disease in horses indicated by staggering and falling down, Taming -Shrew, iii. 2. 55. - -=stakker,= to stagger. Morte Arthur, leaf 232, back, 6; bk. x, c. 30; -and in Palsgrave. ME. _stakeren_, to stagger (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2687). -Norw. dial. _stakra_, to stagger (Aasen). - -=stale,= a station where one lies in wait for birds; ‘Stale for foules -takynge’, Palsgrave; _to lie in stale_, to lie in wait or ambush, ‘As I -lay in stale To fight with the duke Richard’s eldest son, I was -destroy’d’, Mirror for Mag., 366 (Nares); Stanyhurst, Desc. Ireland -(Halliwell). ME. _staal_, of fowlynge or of byrdys takynge ‘stacionaria’ -(Prompt. EETS. 432). OF. _estal_, place, séjour, arrêt; _prendre son -estal_, prendre position (Didot), Anglo-F. _estal_ (Ch. Rol. 1108, -2319). - -=stale,= a decoy; a bird or something in the form of a bird set up to -allure a bird of prey; ‘The fowler’s stale the appearance of which -brings but others to the net’, Cap of Gray Hairs (ed. 1688, p. 96); see -Halliwell; Mirrour for Mag. (Nares); Sidney, Arcadia, ii, p. 169 -(Nares); an object of allurement, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 3; Tempest, iv. -1. 187; a device, trick, F. Q. ii. 1. 4; a laughing-stock, Titus And. i. -2. 241. In prov. use in Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.^{1}). -Anglo-F. _estale_, ‘appeau, oiseau qui sert à attirer les autres’ -(Vocab. to Bozon). - -=stale,= the shaft of an arrow, Chapman, tr. Iliad, iv. 173; the shaft -of a javelin, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. use in the sense of a shaft, -a long slender handle, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.^{2} 1). See =stele.= - -=stale,= the urine of horses and cattle, Ant. and Cl. i. 4. 62 to -urinate, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 152; ‘_Escloy_, urine, stale’, Cotgrave. -In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, vb.^{3}). OF. _estaler_, to stale -(of horses), see Godefroy. Of Germ, origin, cp. Dan. _stalle_, Swed. -_stalla_, to urinate; cp. G. _stallen_ (used of horses); _stall_, urine. - -=stale,= stalemate, at chess; ‘Like a stale at chess, where it is no -mate, but yet the game cannot stir’, Bacon, Essay 12. - -=stale,= to render stale, to make common and worthless. Coriol. i. 1. -95; Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 240; Jul. Caesar, i. 2. 73; _a stale_, a -prostitute, harlot, Much Ado, ii. 2. 26; iv. 1. 66. - -=stall,= to forestall. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tiberius); Massinger, -Bashful Lover, iv. 3. - -=stall,= to install set in authority, Richard III, i. 3. 206; ‘And -stawled gods doe condiscend’, Turbervile, The Lover excuseth himself. -_Stalled to the rogue_ (Cant Phrase), admitted as a recognized thief, -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll); Harman, Caveat, p. 34. The -master-thief admitted a rogue with the ceremony of pouring a quart of -beer over his head, and using a formula of words. - -=stall,= to stick fast; ‘When his cart was stalled (he) lay flat on his -back and cried aloud, Help, Hercules!’, Burton, Anat. Mel., p. 222 -(Nares). In prov. use in the north country and Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. -Stall, vb. 20). - -=stalled,= _pp._; ‘Dole perpetuall, From whence he never should be quit, -nor stal’d’ (rimes with _cal’d_), Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1245. Meaning -doubtful. - -=stalling ken,= a house for receiving stolen goods (Cant). Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); _stauling ken_, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; B. -Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). - -=stammel, stamel,= a kind of woollen cloth, of a red colour. Beaumont -and Fl., Little French Lawyer, i. 1 (Cleremont); Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, -ii. 1 (D’Ol.). See Nares and Halliwell. - -=stamp,= a stamped coin, a coin. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 16; Macbeth, iv. -3. 153. - -=stand.= _It stands me upon_, it is incumbent on me, it is important to -me, I ought. _It standeth thee upon_, Lyly, Euphues, p. 271. - -=standard,= a standing-bowl. Greene, Looking Glasse, v. 1 (1858); p. -141, col. 2. - -=stander-grass, standard-grass, stander-wort, standle-wort,= _Orchis -mascula_, and other allied plants. _Standelwort_, or _Standergrass_, -Lyte’s Dodoens, bk. ii, ch. 56; _Royal Standergrass_, or Palma Christi, -id., ch. 59; ‘_Foul standergrass_’, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. -2 (Clorin). - -=staniel,= a kind of hawk, considered as of inferior value, Twelfth Nt. -ii. 5. 124; hence, a coward, Lady Alimony, i. 3 (Haxter); hence -_stanielry_, cowardice, id., v. 2. 17. In prov. use in the north country -for the kestrel or windhover, see EDD. (s.v. Stannel). OE. _stangella_, -used to translate L. _pellicanus_ in Ps. ci. 7 (Vesp. Psalter). See -notes on Eng. Etym. - -=stank,= weary. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 47. Ital. _stanco_, weary. - -=stare,= a starling. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 541; Middleton, Game at -Chess, iv. 2 (B. Knight). In prov. use in Ireland and in various parts -of England (EDD.). ME. _stare_, a starling (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 348); -OE. _stær_: ‘tuoege staras’ (Lind. Gosp., Matt. x. 29, rendering of -Vulgate _duo passeres_). - -=stare,= to bristle up; said of hair. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 56. 11; -§ 98. 4; Jul. Caesar, iv. 3. 280. In prov. use: they say in Herts, ‘It -will make her (a cow’s) hair to stare’, see EDD. (s.v. Stare, vb. 4). -Cp. G. _starren_, to bristle. - -=stark,= stout, sturdy. Sir T. Wyatt (Nares); stiff (used in speaking of -a dead body), 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 42; Romeo, iv. 1. 103; Cymbeline, iv. 2. -209; _starkly_, stiffly (as in a dead body), Meas. for M. iv. 2. 70. In -common prov. use in the north country in the two meanings (1) stout, -sturdy, and (2) stiff, esp. through rheumatism (EDD.). OE. _stearc_, -stiff, rigid; rough, strong (B. T.); Icel. _sterkr_, strong. See -=storken.= - -=startups,= rustic shoes with high tops, or half-gaiters; ‘_Guestres_ -[gaiters], startups, high shooes, or gamashes for countrey folks’, -Cotgrave; Hall, Satires, book vi; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 4 -(Cloe). See Nares. In prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.). - -=state,= high rank, dignity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 93; _chair of state_, a -canopied chair, dais, or throne for a king, 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 51; Hen. -VIII, iv. 1. 67; _state_ = _chair of state_, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 51; -Coriol. v. 24; Macbeth, iii. 4. 5; _states_, persons of high rank, Cymb. -iii. 4. 39; _state_, an estate, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i. -1. 7; Rule a Wife, iii. 5 (Leon). - -=statist,= a statesman, politician. Hamlet, v. 2. 33; Beaumont and Fl., -Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius). Ital. -_statista_ (Florio). - -=statua,= a statue. Jul. Caesar, iii. 2. Bacon, Essay 27, § 6, and 45, § -3; a picture, Massinger, City Madam, v. 3 (Sir John, 15th speech). L. -_statua_, an image, statue (commonly made of metal). - -=statuminate,= to prop up. B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). L. -_statumino_ (Pliny). - -=statute-caps,= woollen caps, which, by a statute of 1571, citizens were -enjoined to wear on holydays. L. L. L. v. 2. 281. Also, the wearers of -such caps, citizens, Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat). See -Nares. - -=statute-lace,= lace made according to a law that regulated its width -and material. Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (Perigot). - -=statute-merchant,= or =statute-staple,= a bond acknowledged before one -of the clerks of the _statute-merchant_, and mayor of the _staple_, or -chief warden of the City of London, or other sufficient men; see -quotation from Blount, in Nares. ‘His lands be engaged in twenty -statutes staple’, Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Glister); cp. -Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 110. - -=stauling ken;= see =stalling ken.= - -=staunce,= disagreement. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). See -=distance.= - -=stead,= to stand in good stead; ‘Necessaries which since have steaded -much’, Temp. i. 2. 165; to be of use to, benefit, help, Gent. Ver. ii. -1. 124; Othello, i. 3. 344; _stead up_, to take a person’s place (in an -arrangement), Meas. for M. iii. 1. 261. - -=steaming;= see =steming.= - -=sted,= a bedstead. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgies, ii. 726. - -=stedy,= an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 149, back, 30. This form -for ‘stithy’ is in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Stiddy). Icel. _steði_. See =stithy.= - -=steenkirk,= a loose cravat of fine lace. Vanbrugh, The Relapse, i. 3 -(Sempstress); Congreve, Love for Love, i. 2 (Scandal). Named with -reference to the battle of Steenkerke (1692). See Stanford. - -=stele,= the shaft of an arrow, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; the handle -of a rake, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 19; ‘Steale or handell of a -staffe, _manche_’, Palsgrave. This word in many spellings is in common -prov. use in Scotland and England for a shaft or handle, esp. a long -straight handle, see EDD. (s.v. Steal, sb.^{2}). ME. _stele_, or sterte -of a vessel, ‘ansa’ (Prompt. EETS. 434). OE. _stela_, a stalk. See -=stale= (3). - -=stelled,= fixed; ‘A face where all distress is stell’d’, Lucrece, 1444; -_stelled fires_, fixed stars, King Lear, iii. 7. 61. ‘To stell’ is in -prov. use in Scotland in the sense of to place, set, fix, see EDD. (s.v. -Stell, vb. 7). OE. _stellan_, to place. - -=stellionate,= fraudulent dealing. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 62. -L. _stellionatus_, trickery; from _stellio_, a knave. - -=stem,= to keep in, enclose. Spelt _stemme_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 12. -Icel. _stemma_, to stop, dam up. - -=steming,= shining, bright; ‘Two stemyng eyes’, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. -53; ‘With skouling steaming eyes’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 300 (L. -_stant lumina flamma_). ME. _steeme_, or lowe of fyre, ‘flamma’ (Prompt. -EETS. 434); _stem_: ‘A stem Als it were a sunnebem’ (Havelok, 591). - -=stench,= ‘staunch’, firm; hence, continent. Lady Alimony, iii. 3 -(Sea-song, st. 5). See EDD. (s.v. Staunch, adj. 10 and 11). - -=stene, steane,= a stone jar or pitcher. Spelt _stene_, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Aristippus, § 17; _steane_, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 42. ‘Stean’ -is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. 3). ME. -_steene_, a pitcher, earthenware vessel, Trevisa, tr. Higden, bk. i, c. -41; OE. _stǣna_, an earthenware jug (Sweet). - -=stent,= to leave off, to cause to cease. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 12; to -cease, pt. t., Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 32. In common -prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stent, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _stenten_, -to cease, to cause to cease (Chaucer). See =stint.= - -=stepony;= see =stiponie.= - -=stept in age,= advanced in years. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 152. OE. -_stæppan_, _steppan_, to proceed, advance (B. T.). - -=stern,= the hinder part of an object; used of the tail of a dragon. -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; i. 11. 28. The same word as _stern_, the hinder -part of a ship. Hence _sternage_, steerage, Hen. V, iii, Prol. 18. Icel. -_stjōrn_, a steering, hence, the steering-place. - -=sterve,= to die. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34; Fairfax, Tasso, ii. 17. ME. -_sterve_, to die, esp. to die of famine (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1249; C. T. -C. 451). OE. _steorfan_, to die; cp. G. _sterben_. - -=stethva,= a congress of Welsh bards. Drayton, Pol. iv. 177. Welsh -_eisteddfod_. - -=steven,= voice, outcry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 224; _steuyn_, -Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 130, l. 144. In common prov. use in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Steven, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _stevene_, voice -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2562). OE. _stefn_. - -=stick-free,= sword-proof, invulnerable to a sword-thrust. Burton, Anat. -Mel., Of Witches and Magicians (ed. Shilleto, 1. 233); Shirley, Young -Admiral, iv. 1 (ed. 1637). See Mod. Lang. Notes, June, 1912. G. -_stichfrei_, sword-proof. - -=stickle,= to interpose between combatants, and separate them when they -had sufficiently satisfied the laws of honour, to act as umpire between -combatants; ‘I styckyll betwene wrastellers . . . to se that none do -other wronge, or I parte folkes that be redy to fyght’, Palsgrave; ‘(The -angel) stickles betwixt the remainders of God’s hosts and the race of -fiends’, Dryden, Ded. Trans. Juvenal; _to be stickled_, to be settled by -a ‘stickler’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph. 6. Hence _stickler_, Tr. -and Cr. v. 8. 18; Florio, Montaigne, ii. 27; Dryden, Oliver Cromwell, -41. ME. _stihtlen_, to order, arrange, as a steward or a master of the -ceremonies (P. Plowman, C. xvi. 40). See Nares, Trench, Select Glossary -(ed. 1890), and Dict. - -=sticklebag,= a ‘stickleback’, a small fish. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at -several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey). - -=stigmatic,= one branded with infamy, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), -ed. Dyce, p. 26; one branded by nature with deformity, 2 Hen. VI, v. 1. -215; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 136; also, _stigmatical_, Com. Errors, iv. 2. 22. -Gk. στιγματικός, branded with a mark (στίγμα). - -=stike,= a ‘stich’, a verse. Sackville, Induction, st. 21. Gk. στίχος, a -row, a line. - -=still,= to ‘distil’, to fall in drops. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 35. - -=stillatory,= a still-room, for keeping distilled waters. Beaumont and -Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (near end). Late L. _stillatorium_, from -_stillare_, to fall in drops. - -=Stilliard,= the Steelyard; the place of business used by the German -merchants in London. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); _Stilyard -merchants_, merchants of the Steelyard, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. -88). See Notes and Queries, 10 S. vi. 413, and Dict. (s.v. Steelyard, -1). - -=stint,= to cause to cease. Timon, v. 4. 83; to cease, Pericles, iv. 4. -42; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; Mother Hubberd, 1092. ME. _stinte_, to -cease, to cause to cease (Chaucer). See M. and S. (s.v. Stynten). OE. -_styntan_, to make dull, ‘_hebetare_’ (B. T.). See =stent.= - -=stint,= some kind of bird. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 339. In prov. use for -various kinds of birds, the dunlin, the sandpiper, and the linnet -(EDD.). - -=stiponie.= ‘_Stipone_, a kind of sweet compound liquor drunk in some -ill places in London in the summer-time’, Blount, Glossographia, p. 612. -‘Do you not understand the mystery of stiponie, Jenny? _Maid._ I know -how to make democuana, sir’, Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir -Frederick); also spelt _stepony_, see Dict. Rusticum, Urbanicum et -Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726, where the receipt for brewing this sweet liquor -is given; see Notes and Queries, 6 S. iv. 155. - -=stire, styre,= to guide, direct. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 7; ii. 5. 2. OE. -_stȳran_, to direct, steer. See Dict. (s.v. Steer). - -=stirp,= a stem, stock, family. Bacon, Essay 14, § 1. L. _stirps_, a -stem. - -=stitch,= a space between two double furrows in ploughed land; a ridge. -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 495; Odyssey, viii. 171. In the latter -passage, a _stitch’s_ length may mean a furrow’s length or furlong. This -word is in prov. use in various parts of England for a narrow ridge of -land, as much land as lies between two furrows; a balk or portion of -grass-land in an arable field; see EDD. (s.v. Stitch, sb.^{1} 8 and 9). - -=stitch,= a sudden cramp; hence, a contortion, a grimace. Beaumont and -Fl., Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick). - -=stitchel,= a troublesome fellow; a term of reproach. Lady Alimony, v. -3. 13 (Wife). A Linc. word for a troublesome child, see EDD. (s.v. -Stetchel). - -=stithy,= an anvil, Hamlet, iii. 2. 80 (some edd. have _stith_); to -forge, ‘The forge that stithied Mars his helm’, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 255. -In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stith_, an anvil (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2026). -Icel. _steði_. See =stedy.= - -=stoccata,= a thrust, in fencing. Romeo, iii. i. 77; _stoccado_, Merry -Wives, ii. 1. 234; _stockado_, Marston, Sat. i. 132. Ital. _stoccata_, a -thrust, a stoccado given with a _stócco_ (a tuck or short-arming sword); -see Florio; Span. _estocáda_, a thrust with a weapon, a stab (Stevens). - -=stock,= to hit with the point of a sword; ‘A chevalier would stock a -needle’s point Three times together’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 4 -(Alvarez); a thrust in fencing, Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Malevole); -Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Matzagente). F. _estoc_, ‘a rapier or tuck, also, -a thrust; _coup d’estoc_, a thrust, stockado, stab’ (Cotgr.). See -=stuck.= - -=stock,= nether-stock or stocking. Greene, Description of Chaucer, 3 -(ed. Dyce, p. 320). In prov. use in Yorks. and Norfolk (see EDD., s.v. -Stock, 18). - -=stock-fish,= dried haddock or cod; ‘Haddockes or hakes indurate and -dryed with coulde, and beaten with clubbes or _stockes_, by reason -whereof the Germayns caule them _stockefyshe_’, R. Eden, Works (ed. -Arber, p. 303); Temp. iii. 2. 79; Meas. iii. 2. 116. The reason for the -name is uncertain; Koolman gives the Low G. form as _stok-fisk_, and -thinks they were so called because dried upon _stocks_ or poles in the -sun. - -=stoin,= to be astonished or astounded; ‘I stoinid’, Phaer, Aeneid ii, -774; iii. 48 (L. _obstupui_). See =astonied.= - -=stomach,= courage, Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 7. 8, 15; 2 Hen. IV, i. -1. 129; Hamlet, i. 1. 100; proud or arrogant spirit, Hen. VIII, iv. 2. -34; resentment, angry temper, King Lear, v. 3. 75; to resent, to be -angry, Ant. and Cl. iii. 4. 12; Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 2. 26. In prov. use -for courage, pride, anger, bad temper (EDD.). Cp. Span. and Port. -_estomago_, courage, valour, resolution; L. _stomachus_, displeasure, -irritation, _stomachari_, to be irritated, out of humour. - -=stond,= a stop, impediment, hindrance. Bacon, Essays 40 and 50. ‘To -stand’, to bring to a stop, in prov. use in Surrey and Sussex: ‘I’ve -seen a wagon stood in the snow’; see EDD. (s.v. Stand, 7). - -=stone-bow,= a cross-bow from which stones could be shot. Twelfth Night, -ii. 5. 51; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 9. - -=stool-ball,= a game formerly popular among young women. Middleton, -Women beware, iii. 3 (Isabella); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 101; Chapman, -tr. of Odyssey, vi. 139. The idea of the game was much like that of -cricket. A stool was the wicket; the hand was used as a bat, to defend -it from the ball. See Strutt’s Sports. The game is still played in many -parts of England, and in almost every village in Sussex (EDD.). - -=stoop,= a post, pillar. Tancred and Gismunda, iv. 2 (Tancred), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 66; ‘You glorious martyrs, you illustrious -stoops’, Quarles, Emblems, v. 10; ‘Stoulpe before a doore, _souche_’, -Palsgrave; _stulpe_, Stow, Survey, Bridge Ward Within (ed. Thoms, 79). -The word is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and England in various forms: -_stoup_, _stowp_, _stolpe_, _stulp_(_e_, see EDD. (s.v. Stoop, sb.^{1}). -ME. _stulp_, or stake, ‘paxillus’ (Prompt. EETS. 444, see note, no. -2171). Icel. _stōlpi_, a post, pillar, cp. _Stōlpa-sund_, the Pillar -Sound, the Sound of the Pillars of Hercules, the Straits of Gibraltar. - -=stoop,= to swoop downwards as a bird of prey on its quarry; ‘The bird -of Jove, stooped from his aery tour, Two birds . . . before him drove’, -Milton, P. L. xi. 185; used _fig._, B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 3 -(Lovewit); used trans., to pounce upon, seize, ‘The hawk that stooped my -pheasant’, Webster, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Mayberry); ‘Teach it (my spirit) -to stoop whole kingdoms’, Fletcher, Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius). - -=stoor,= strong, robust, sturdy, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 129. In prov. -use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). ME. _stoore_, or herd, or -boystows, ‘austerus, rigidus’ (Prompt. EETS. 439). Icel. _stōrr_, rough, -great. See =stowre.= - -=stooved,= kept in a warm chamber; ‘Myrtles, if they be stooved’, Bacon, -Essay 46. From _stoove_ = _stove_. - -=storken,= to stiffen, to congeal, coagulate; ‘Storken, _congelari_’, -Levins, Manip. In common use in the north country (EDD.). Icel. -_storkna_, to coagulate. See =stark.= - -=stork’s bill,= a gesture of scorn; ‘This sanna, or stork’s bill’, B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Cp. L. _ciconia_, (1) a -stork; (2) a derisory bending of the fingers in form of a stork’s bill -(Persius). - -=stound, stownd,= time, occasion, moment. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 38; Shep. -Kal., Oct., 49. The ‘Glosse’ to Shep. Kal., May, 257, has ‘_stounds_, -fittes’, i.e. attacks of illness. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stounde_, -hour, time (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1212), OE. _stund_. See =stowne.= - -=stoup,= a stoop, a low bow, a condescending movement. B. Jonson, -Alchem. iv. 2 (Face); ‘Now observe the stoops, The bendings, and the -falls’, id., Sejanus, i. 1 (Silius). - -=stour, stowre,= a conflict, battle, contest; trouble, confusion, -disturbance; danger, peril. The word is used in all these meanings by -Spenser: F. Q. i. 2. 7; i. 3. 30; i. 4. 46; iii. 1. 34; iii. 2. 6; iii. -3. 50; Shep. Kal., Jan., 27. ME. _stour_, battle, contest (Chaucer, Rom. -Rose, 1270). Anglo-F. _estour_, combat, battle (Gower, Mirour, 1927), O. -Prov. _estor_, _estorn_, ‘combat, mêlée’; _estornir_, _estormir_, -‘assaillir, attaquer’ (Levy); Ital. _stormo_, a conflict, combat -(Fanfani); of Germ. origin, MHG. _sturm_, disturbance, combat (Schade). - -=stover,= provisions, fodder for cattle; ‘Our low medowes . . . not so -profitable for stover and forrage as the higher meads be’, Harrison, -Desc. Brit. 110 (Halliwell); Tusser, Husbandry, November; Tempest, iv. -1. 63; Drayton, Pol. xxv, p. 1158 (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of -England for winter fodder or litter for cattle, hence stubble (EDD.). -Anglo-F. _estover_, maintenance, necessary sustenance; allowances of -wood to be taken out of another man’s woods (Cowell’s Interpreter); OF. -_estovoir_, to be necessary. Romanic type _stopere_, a verb formed from -L. _est opus_, it is necessary, so W. Forster, see Gautier’s Ch. Roland, -Glossary (s.v. Estoet). See Ducange (s.v. Estoverium). - -=stover up,= to bristle up. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 1. 2. ‘To -stover’ is entered in EDD. as an obsolete west-country word for ‘to -bristle up’, probably from ‘stover’, meaning stubble. See above. - -=stownd,= to amaze, ‘astound’, to beat down, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii -(Enceladus), vol. iii, p. 48; to strike senseless, id., Iron Age, A. v -(Ajax); p. 343; _stound_, pp., Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 19. - -=stowne,= an hour, a short time; ‘Whoso love Endureth but a stowne’, -Turbervile, The Lover finding his Love flitted, st. 16. See =stound.= - -=stowre,= strong, hardy; ‘Constancie knits the bones and makes us -stowre’, G. Herbert, Temple, Church-porch, st. 20; ‘Stowre of -conversacyon, _estourdy_’, Palsgrave; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 12; -_stower_, hard, strong, ‘The stower nayles’, Latimer, 7 Sermon bef. King -(ed. Arber, 185). In prov. use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). See -=stoor.= - -=strage,= slaughter, heap of slain men. Heywood, Dialogue 2, l. 16; -Dial. 3 (Hellen); vol. vi, pp. 111, 143; Webster, Appius, v. 3 (Appius). -L. _strages_, slaughter. - -=strain,= race, descent, breed; ‘The noblest of thy strain’, Jul. Caes. -v. 1. 59; Hen. V, ii. 4. 51. A dialect form of =strene,= q.v. - -=strain:= phr. _to strain courtesy_, to stand upon ceremony, to refuse -to go first, Venus and Ad. 888. - -=strain,= to distrain, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1104. In prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Strain, vb.^{3}). - -=strain,= to restrain, repress; ‘These stormy windes to straine, or make -to blow’, Phaer, Aeneid i, 80. - -=strake,= a particular note blown by a hunter; apparently after the game -is killed; ‘To the flyghte, to the dethe, and to strake, and many other -blastes and termes’, Morte Arthur, leaf 250, back, 11; bk. x, c. 52; -‘Then [after the death of the game] should the most master blow a mote -and stroke’, The Master of Game, ch. 35. Cp. ME. _strake_, to sound a -note, to sound a blast on a trumpet (Wars Alex. 1386). - -=strake,= the hoop of a cart-wheel or chariot-wheel. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xx. 247; BIBLE, Ezek. i. 18 (margin). In prov. use for a section -or strip of the iron tire or rim of a cart-wheel, see EDD. (s.v. Strake, -sb.^{1} 2). - -=stramazoun,= a downright blow. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv. -4 (Fast. Brisk); _stramison_, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Ital. -_stramazzone_, ‘a downright blow’; deriv. of _stramazzare_, ‘to kill -throughly’ (Florio); cp. F. _estramaçon_, a stroke given with the edge -of the sword (Hatzfeld). - -=strange,= belonging to another country, foreign; ‘Joseph . . . made -himselfe strange unto them’, BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 7 (i.e. acted as a -stranger towards them); ‘Strange children’, foreigners, Psalm xviii. 45, -46 (P.B.V.); ‘A strange tongue’, Cymbeline, i. 6. 54; _to make it -strange_, to seem to be surprised or shocked, Two Gent. i. 2. 102; Titus -And. ii. 1. 81; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). OF. _estrange_, -foreign; L. _extraneus_. - -=strangeness,= shyness, like that of a stranger. Middleton, The Witch, -iii. 2 (Isabella). - -=strappado,= a kind of torture. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 262. The torture -consisted in drawing a person up by his arms (fastened together behind -his back), and then letting him drop suddenly with a jerk, which -inflicted severe pain. The word has been turned into a Spanish-looking -form, but it appears to be rather of Italian origin. Ital. _strappata_, -a pulling-up (Florio). Cp. F. _strapade_ (16th cent., Godefroy); -_estrapade_ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). See Stanford. - -=strapple,= to fasten, bind, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); to -impede; id., tr. of Iliad xvi, 438. In W. Yorks. ‘to strapple’ means to -bind, make fast with a cord, &c. (EDD.). Cp. ME. _strapeles_, fastenings -of breeches; _strapils_, Cath. Angl.; see Dict. M. and S. - -=streak,= to stretch. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. 36, 57. -In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Streak, vb.^{1} 1). -ME. _streken_ (Hampole, Ps. lxxix. 12); _strekis_, stretches (Wars Alex. -1953). - -=strene,= generation, breed, race, lineage; ‘Dame Nature’s strene’, The -Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 55; Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 32; vi. -6. 9. ME. _streen_, race, progeny (Chaucer, C. T. E. 157); OE. (Anglian) -_strēnan_ (WS. _strīenan_), to beget, generate. See =strain= (race). - -=strength,= a fortress, a strong defence, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 2 -(Donusa); v. 6. (end); ‘Sin (or Pelusium) the strength of Egypt’, BIBLE, -Ezek. xxx. 15. - -=streperous,= noisy. Heywood, Dialogue I, The Shipwrack (Adolphus); vol. -vi, p. 101; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 6. 6. Cp. L. -_obstreperus_, noisy, clamorous (Apuleius, Florida, 126); deriv. of -_strepere_, to make a noise. - -=strich,= the screech-owl. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 36. L. _strix_, Gk. -στρίγξ. - -=strike:= phr. _strike me luck_, used in striking a bargain, and giving -earnest upon it; said by the recipient of the money. Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, ii. 3 (Young Loveless); Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 540. - -=strike,= to steal (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); to -pick a purse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (1 Cutpurse). See Halliwell. - -=striker,= a libertine (Cant). Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1 -Court.); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (end). - -=stringer,= a wencher (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, -i. 1 (Wife). - -=strip,= to outstrip. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 4; to go very rapidly, -‘The swiftest hound, when he is hallowed, strippes forth’, Gosson, -School of Abuse (Halliwell). - -†=strives= (=?=)=.= ‘They [ants] startle forth in troupes of striues’, -Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, bk. xiii. [1583]; fol. U 5, back. - -=stroke,= to flatter, soothe, B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers -(Opinion); _stroker_, a flatterer, id., Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Keep). OE. -_strācian_, to stroke, caress, cp. OHG. _streichōn_, ‘demulcere’. - -=strommel;= see =strummel.= - -=strong,= _pp._ strung, furnished with strings; ‘Playing on yvorie harp -with silver strong’, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 16. - -=stroot, strout,= to swell out, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 402; Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, i. 464; to be filled full, id., xxi, line 4 from end. ME. -_strowtyn_, ‘turgeo’ (Prompt. EETS. 468). Cp. G. _strotzen_, to swell. -See =strut.= - -=strossers,= tight drawers. Hen. V, iii. 7. 57; ‘The Italian close -strosser’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook (Nares). See Dyce’s Glossary to Shaks. -See Dict. (s.v. Trousers). - -=strout;= see =stroot.= - -=stroy,= to destroy. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 15. ME. _stroyen_, to destroy -(P. Plowman, B. xv. 387). - -=strummel,= straw (Cant); ‘The doxy’s in the strummel’, Broome, Jovial -Crew, ii. 1 (Randal); _strommel_, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 -(Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). Hence -_strummel-patched_, ‘Strummel-patch’d, goggle-eyed grumbledories’, B. -Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). Perhaps the same word as -_strummel_, E. Anglian for an untidy rough head of hair (EDD.). - -=strut,= to swell out. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Pastoral, iv. 25. See -=stroot.= - -=stryfull,= strife-full, contentious. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 12. - -=stuck,= in Hamlet, iv. 7. 161, ‘Your venom’d stuck’, usually explained -as = _stoccado_, a thrust with a rapier, but it may mean the rapier -itself. Cp. Cotgrave: ‘_Estoc_, a rapier or tuck, also a thrust.’ See -=stock.= - -=studde,= stock or stem of a tree. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 13. -‘Stud’ is in prov. use for an upright post, an upright piece of wood to -which laths are nailed, hence ‘stud and mud’ buildings (Nottingham), the -same as ‘wattle and dab’. ME. _stode_, or stake, ‘palus’ (Voc. 600. 4), -OE. _studu_, a post (Ælfred, Beda, iii. 10); cp. Icel. _stoð_, a post. -See Dict. (s.v. Stud). - -=stulpe;= see =stoop= (a post). - -=stum,= unfermented wine, must. B. Jonson, Leges Conviviales, st. 5; -Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 569; Dryden, The Medal, 270. Hence _stummed wine_, -wine made from unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, new strong -wine, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 3 (L. Dunce); Prior, Scaligeriana, 2. -_Stum_, to make lively as with new wine, Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 2 -(Dorimant). Du. _stom_, stum, ‘the flower of fermenting wine’; _gestomde -wyn_, ‘stummed, sophisticated wine’ (Sewel). - -=stupe,= a piece of tow or flannel dipped in warm liquor, and applied to -a wound. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 2 (Dorilaus). L. -_stuppa_, tow. - -=stutte,= to stutter. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 (Tibullus); ‘I stutte, -_Je besgue_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Stutt). -ME. _stotyn_, ‘balbucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 468); _stutte_, ‘balbutire’ -(Cath. Angl.). - -=sty, stie,= to ascend, mount up, rise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 25; ii. 7. -46; iv. 9. 33; Muiopotmos, 42. ME. _stien_, to ascend (Wyclif, John xx. -17). OE. _stīgan_. - -=styfemoder,= stepmother. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 41. 21. Du. -_stiefmoeder_ (Hexham). - -=subact,= to subdue. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 8. L. -_subactus_, pp. of _subigere_, to subdue, reduce. - -=subeth.= ‘You are subject to subeth, unkindly sleeps’, Middleton, -Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 4 (Sweetball). F. _subet_, ‘a lethargy’ -(Cotgr.). Med. L. _subitus_ = L. _sopitus_, deriv. of _sopire_, to -deprive of consciousness, to lull to sleep; see Ducange. - -=sublime,= to cause to pass off in a state of vapour. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1 (Mammon). - -=submit,= to let down, lower, allow to subside. Dryden, To Lord -Chancellor Clarendon, 139; _submitted_, lowered, Astrae Redux, 249. - -=succeed,= to follow after. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 8. L. _succedere_. - -=success,= issue, result (good or bad); ‘What is the success?’, Ant. and -Cl. iii. 5. 6; ‘Such vile success’, Othello, iii. 3. 222; descent from -parents, succession, ‘Our parents’ noble names, In whose success we are -gentle’, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 394. - -=successive,= successful. Lady Alimony, iii. 1 (2 Citizen). - -=succussation,= trotting. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iv, c. 6, § -1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 48. L. _succussare_, to jolt. - -=sucket,= a dried sweetmeat, sugar-plum. Beaumont and Fl., Sea Voyage, -v. 2. 31; Tourneur, Atheist’s Tragedy, ii. 5 (Levidulcia); Levins, -Manipulus. In prov. use in Leic., Shropsh., and Devon (EDD.). OF. -_succade_, also _sucrade_, ‘chose sucrée, dragée, sucrerie’ (Godefroy); -O. Prov. _sucrada_, ‘sucrée’. - -=sufferance,= pain; Meas. for M. ii. 4. 167; loss, Othello, ii. 1. 23. -F. _souffrance_, ‘sufferance, forbearance, also, need, poverty, penury’ -(Cotgr.). - -=suffragate,= to support by a vote, to be subsidiary to, to aid. Dryden, -Prol. to the Univ. of Oxford, 31. L. _suffragare_, to vote for. - -=sugar-loaf,= a high-crowned hat. Westward Ho, v. 3. - -=sugerchest,= the name of a kind of wood; ‘To flesh and blood this Tree -but wormewood seemes, How ere the name may be of Sugerchest’, Davies, -Holy Roode, Dedication (Davies, Suppl. Eng. Gloss.); Ascham, Toxophilus, -pp. 123, 125. - -=suggill,= to beat black and blue; to cudgel. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 1039. -L. _sugillare_. - -=suitor,= pronounced so as to resemble _shooter_; ‘A Lady . . . hadde -three _sutors_, and yet never a good archer’, Lyly, Euphues, p. 293. - -=sulk,= to furrow, plough, cleave. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 118; -ii. 218. L. _sulcus_, a furrow. - -=sultanin,= an Arabic coin; ‘A thousand golden sultanins’, Dryden, Don -Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha). Arab, _sulṭânîy_, belonging to a sovereign; -a sultanine (a gold coin about nine shillings), Richardson. Arab, -_sulṭân_, a sultan. - -=summed,= a term in falconry, having all the feathers complete; ‘The -muse from Cambria comes with pinions summ’d and sound’, Drayton, Pol. -xi, p. 859 (Nares); ‘My prompted song . . . with prosperous wing full -summ’d’, Milton, P. R. i. 14; ‘(The birds) feathered soon and fledge -. . . summed their pens’, id., P. L. vii. 421; used _fig._ of clothes, -‘Till you be summ’d again—velvets and scarlets’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit -without Money, iii. 4 (Lance). - -=sumpter,= a driver of a pack-horse, King Lear, ii. 4. 219; Sir Thos. -More, iii. 2. 43. ME. _sumpter_ (King Alisaunder, 6023), OF. -_sommetier_, a pack-horse driver (Roquefort), O. Prov. _saumatier_, -‘conducteur de bêtes de somme’ (Levy), Med. L. _saumaterius_ (Ducange, -s.v. Sagma), deriv. of _saumarius_, _sagmarius_, a pack-horse. See -=somer.= - -=supply,= to supplicate, beseech. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 49. F. -_supplier_, L. _supplicare_. - -=suppose,= a supposition, conjecture. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; Tr. and Cr. -i. 3. 11. - -=surantler;= see =antlier.= - -=surbate,= to tire out the feet with walking. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 34; -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 6 (end), p. 15; A Cure for a Cuckold, ii. 4 -(Woodroff); _surbet_, pp., ‘A traveiler with feet surbet’, Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 2. 22. Hence _surbater_, one who wearies another out, B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iv. 3 (Metaphor). Cp. Cotgrave, ‘_Surbature_, a -surbating’; also, ‘_Soubatture_, a surbating, or surbate’. - -=surcease,= prop. a law-term, a delay allowed or ordered by authority; -arrest, stop, cessation. Macbeth, i. 7. 8; to delay, to desist, Prayer -Book, Ordin. Deacons; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 13; Coriolanus, iii. 2. 121; -Lucrece, 1766; Chapman, tr. Iliad, vii. 45. OF. _sursis_, delay, stop -(Littré), Anglo-F. _sursise_ (Laws of William); _sursis_, pp. of Norm. -F. _surseër_ (F. _surseoir_), to pause, intermit (Moisy), Mod. L. -_supersedere_, to delay (Ducange). In Law L. a writ of _supersedeas_ is -issued to stay proceedings, L. _supersedere_, to desist from. _Surcease_ -owes its form to association with _cease_ (F. _cesser_). Tho original -pronunciation of the _i_ in _sursis_ is preserved as in _caprice_, -_police_, _machine_, _marine_. - -=surcingle,= a girth, a girdle. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 -(Captain). OF. _sourcengle_ (Godefroy). L. _super_, above; _cingulum_, a -belt, girdle, from _cingere_, to gird. - -=sure,= indissolubly joined, firmly united. Merry Wives, v. 5. 249; L. -L. L. v. 2. 286; affianced, betrothed, ‘A woman he was sure unto’, -Records of Oxford, A.D. 1530, p. 75. - -=surfle, surfell, surphle,= to wash with sulphur-water or other -cosmetic. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Maquerelle); Ford, Love’s -Sacrifice, ii. 1 (Mauruccio). OF. _soufrer_, to impregnate with sulphur -or with sulphur-vapour (Godefroy, Supp.). - -=surquedry,= presumption, pride, arrogance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 31; -Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalaura); Drayton, Owl, p. 1301 -(Nares); _surcuidrie_, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvii. 20. ME. _surquidrie_, -presumption (Chaucer, C. T. I. 403), arrogance (id., Tr. and Cr. i. -213). Anglo-F. _surquiderie_ (Gower, Mirour, 1443), OF. _surcuiderie_, -arrogance; cp. _cuider_, _quider_ (Ch. Rol.), L. _cogitare_, to think. - -=surreined,= overridden, that has felt the ‘rein’ too much. Hen. V, iii. -5. 19. See =sooreyn.= - -=surround,= to overflow; ‘Surround, or overflow, _oultre couler_’, -Sherwood, so also Cotgrave; ‘By thencrease of waters dyvers londes . . . -ben surrounded and destroyed’, Statutes, 4 Hen. VII, c. 7 (A.D. 1489). -OF. _soronder_, to overflow, see Burguy and Roquefort, Norm. F. -_surunder_, _soronder_ (Moisy); Med. L. _superundare_ ‘abonder’ -(Ducange). See Notes on Eng. Etym. - -=sursurrara,= a writ of _certiorari_. Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4 (Tangle). -See Stanford (s.v. Certiorari), Nares (s.v. Sasarara), and EDD. (s.v. -Siserary). - -=suscitate,= to stir up, Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 26, § 4; -_suscitability_, aptness to move, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). L. -_suscitare_, to arouse. - -=suspect,= suspicion. Comedy of Errors, iii. 1. 87; Rich. III, i. 3. 89; -B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 4. Very common in authors of this period. -Med. L. _suspectus_, ‘suspicio’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. _sospet_, -‘soupçon’ (Levy). - -=suspire,= to draw a breath; used of a new-born child, King John, iii. -4. 80; used of a dying man, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 5. 32; a deep breath, a sigh, -Massinger, Old Law, v. 1 (Cleanthes); Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), in -Wks., iii. 249. L. _suspirare_, to draw a deep breath. - -=swad,= a clown, a rustic. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts); -Lyly, Midas, iv. 3 (Petulus). A north-country word for a stupid fellow, -see EDD. (s.v. Swad, sb.^{3}). Prob. identical with _swad_, a sod, a -clod, see EDD. (s.v. Sward, sb.^{2} 1). - -=swaddle,= to beat, cudgel. Fletcher, Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick); -Butler, Hud. i. 1. 24; Cotgrave (s.v. Chaperon); ‘To swaddle or cudgel, -_bastonner_’, Sherwood. _To swaddle a person’s sides_, ‘to beat him -soundly’, is a Kentish phrase, Kennett, Par. Antiq. (ann. 1695). See -EDD. (s.v. Swaddle, vb.^{1} 2). See Halliwell, and Nares. - -=swag,= to sway aside; ‘To swag on one side, _pencher tout d’un costé_’, -Sherwood; Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 1 (Harebrain). See EDD. - -=swage,= to ‘assuage’. Milton, Samson, 184; P. L. i. 556; Gascoigne, -Fruites of Warre, st. 120. In common prov. use in this sense (EDD.). ME. -_swagyn_, ‘mitigo’ (Prompt.). - -=swale,= a cool shade; ‘Trees which gave a pleasant swale’, Golding, -Metam. v. 336 (L. _umbra_); fol. 60, back (1603). An E. Anglian word, -see EDD. (s.v. Swale, sb.^{1}). ME. _swale_, ‘umbra, umbraculum’ -(Prompt. EETS. 444). Icel. _sval_, a cool breeze; Norw. dial. _svala_ -(Aasen). - -=sward,= the hard outer rind of bacon; ‘(He) liveth harde with baken -swarde’, Kendall, Flowers of Epigrammes (Nares); ‘The sward of bacon, -_la peau de lard ou d’un jambon_,’ Sherwood. In prov. use in various -parts of England (EDD.). ME. _sward_ of flesh, ‘coriana’ (Prompt. EETS. -445). OE. _sweard_, rind of bacon, cp. G. _schwarte_, skin, rind. - -=swarth,= a track, pathway; ‘There is a hardway, and at Binsey the said -way is called in one or two places _the king’s swarth_ . . . the king’s -way’, Hearne, Reliquiae, Feb. 10 and 11, 1728; ‘The king’s swarth -(formerly called also Port street), beyond New Parks by Oxford, went -over by a bridge the river Charwell’, id., April 23, 1720. OE. _swaðu_, -a track. See =swath.= - -=swarth,= in Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 162, ‘By great swarths’, apparently ‘in -great quantities’. In Cheshire they speak of a heavy hay-crop being ‘a -good swarth’, see EDD. (s.v. Swarth, sb.^{1}). Probably the same word as -=swath,= q.v. - -=swarth,= black, dark, swarthy. Titus And. ii. 3. 72; Two Noble Kinsmen, -iv. 2. 27; Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 343. A Kentish form (EDD.). - -=swarty,= dark, ‘swarthy’. Fletcher, Bonduca, iii. 1 (Caratach); Titus -And. ii. 3. 72 (in the quarto editions). See Dict. (s.v. Swart). - -=swash,= to strike violently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 53, 125. In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=swash,= a swaggering bully. Three Ladies of London (Fraud), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; Britannia Triumphans, 1637 (Nares). Also -_swasher_, Hen. V, iii. 2. 30; _swashing_, blustering, As You Like It, -i. 3. 122; tremendous, crushing, Romeo, i. 1. 70. In prov. use ‘to -swash’ means to swagger, to walk with a boastful air; ‘a swasher’ is a -swaggerer, see EDD. (s.v. Swash, 5). - -=swash-buckler,= one who ‘swashes’ or beats his buckler, Beaumont and -Fl., Bloody Brother, v. 2 (Latorch); Faithful Friends, i. 2. 7; -‘_Mangia-ferro_, _Mangia-cadenacci_, a devourer of iron-bolts, a -swash-buckler, a bragging toss-blade, a swaggerer’, Florio; ‘_Bravache_, -swaggerer, swash-buckler’, Cotgrave. See Halliwell. - -=swash-ruter,= a swaggaring soldier, a swaggerer. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, i. 544. See =rutter.= - -=swath,= a row of grass mown; ‘The Greeks fall down before him like the -mower’s swath’, Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 25; ‘Grass lately in swaths is meat -for an ox’, Tusser, Husbandry. In prov. use in various parts of England -(EDD.). ME. _swath_ of mowing, ‘falcidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 445); -_swathe_, ‘orbita falcatoris’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _swæð_, a track, the -track of a plough, ‘somita’ (B. T.). See =swarth= (a track). - -=swathling-clothes,= swaddling-clothes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 112 (Q. -edd.). ME. _swathlen_, to swaddle; _swaþeling-bonde_, a swaddling-band -(Cursor Mundi, 1343). See Dict. (s.v. Swaddle). - -†=swatley.= ‘Ay mun cut off the lugs and naes [ears and nose] on ’em [of -him]; he’ll be a pretty swatley fellow, bawt [without] lugs and naes’, -Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii (Scapin, in a Lancs. dialect). Meaning -unexplained. - -=sweam,= faintness, attack of dizziness; ‘The slothfull sweames of -sluggardye’, Mirror for Mag., Iago, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘Sweam or swaim, -_subita aegrotatio_’, Gouldman. ‘Sweem’ is a Somerset word for a state -of giddiness or faintness, see EDD. (s.v. Swim, sb.^{2}). Cognate with -OE. _swīma_, dizziness, giddiness (B. T.). See =sweme.= - -=sweet-breasted,= sweet-voiced, having a sweet voice. Beaumont and Fl., -Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier). - -=swelt,= to faint, swoon; ‘In weary woes to swelt’, Gascoigne (Nares); -_swelt_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 9; vi. 12. 21. Still in use in -the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Swelt, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _swelten_, to -faint, languish (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1356); to die (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. -347). OE. _sweltan_, to die. - -=swelter,= to exude; ‘Toad . . . that has . . . swelter’d venom’, -Macbeth, iv. 1. 8. In prov. use in the sense of a profuse perspiration, -see EDD. (s.v. Swelter, 7). - -=swelth,= a whirlpool; ‘A deadly gulfe . . . With foule black swelth’, -Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 31; ‘Rude Acheron . . . with swelth as -black as hell’, id., 69, see Nares. ME. _swelth_ of a water, ‘vorago’ -(Prompt. EETS. 445, see note, no. 2179). - -=sweme,= grief; ‘His hert began to melt For veray sweme of this swemeful -tale’, Lydgate (Halliwell). ME. _sweem_, grief (Prompt., Harl. MS.); -_swem_ (Gen. and Ex. 1961). Cp. OE. _ā-swǣman_, to be grieved, -‘tabescere’ (Ps. cxviii. 158 (Lambeth)). See =sweam.= - -=sweven,= a dream. Morte Arthur, leaf 27. 1; bk. i, c. 13; Ordinary, Old -Play, x. 236 (Nares). ME. _sweven_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 28). OE. -_swefn_. - -=swill-bowl,= a heavy drinker; spelt _swiel bolle_. Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Cicero, § 65. - -=swinge,= to beat, thrash, lash, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, -iv. 5 (Valentine); Two Gent. ii. 1. 91; King John, ii. 1. 288; 2 Hen. -IV, v. 4. 21; to lash, as with a long tail, Milton, Nativ. 172; sway, -tyranny, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 26. In prov. use in Scotland -and England in the sense of to beat, thrash (EDD.). ME. _swyngyn_, also, -_swengyn_, to shake (Prompt.). OE. _swengan_. - -=swinge,= to singe. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 26. In common prov. use in -Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=swinge-buckler,= a swash-buckler. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 24. - -=swink,= to toil, labour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 8, 36, 58 _swinkt_, pp., -wearied with toil, ‘The swinkt hedger’, Milton, Comus, 293; labour, -toil, ‘How great sport they gaynen with little swincke’, Spenser, Shep. -Kal., May, 36; Sidney, Arcadia, p. 398 (Nares). ‘To swink’, to toil, -work hard, is in use in Galloway, ‘Lord, but he swankit it that day!’ -(EDD.). ME. _swinken_, to toil, _swink_, toil (Chaucer). OE. _swincan_. - -=swithe,= quickly. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, ii. 47 (Nares); _swithe and -tite_, quickly and at once, id., i. 4. 13. In common use in Scotland, -see EDD. (s.v. Swith). ME. _swythe_, quickly, immediately (Chaucer, C. -T. C. 796, and B. 637). OE. _swīðe_, strongly. See =tit.= - -=Switzer,= one of a Swiss mercenary guard. Webster, White Devil -(Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 12; Hamlet, iv. 5. 97; _Switzers_, inhabitants -of Switzerland, Bacon, Essay 14. - -=swoop,= a sweeping movement, rush. Macbeth, iv. 3. 219; Webster, White -Devil (beginning); ed. Dyce, p. 5. _Swoopstake_ (old edd. _soopstake_), -drawing the whole stake at once, indiscriminately, Hamlet, iv. 5. 141. - -=swough,= a heavy murmuring sound. Morte Arthur, leaf 83. 20; bk. v, c. -4. Cp. the prov. words, ‘swow’ and ‘sough’ in EDD. ME. _swowyn_, to make -a murmuring sound (Prompt.). OE. _swōgan_, to make a noise like the -wind. - -=swound,= to ‘swoon’. Fletcher, Night-Walker, i. 4. 8; Middleton, Mayor -of Queenb. v. 1 (Oliver); a swoon, Dryden, Palamon, i. 537; iii. 982. In -gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See =sowne= (2). - -=syke,= such. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A north-country form, -see EDD. (s.v. Such). ME. _sike_ (Wars Alex. 126) OE. _swilc_ (_swylc_). -See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Swyche). - -=symarr,= a loose robe for a lady: Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 341. See -=cymar.= - -=synnet;= see =sennet.= - -=synteresis,= a word said to have been invented by John Damascene, and -used by Aquinas and the schoolmen in the sense of ‘observation’ of the -laws of right and wrong as exercised by the conscience, self-reproach. -Nabbes, Microcosmus, v (Conscience); Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1902, 39). -Gk. συντήρησις, observation, fr. συντηρέω, to observe strictly (a N. T. -word, cp. Mark vi. 20). See C. Bigg’s Introd. to Imitatio Christi, p. 2 -on the L. _sinderesis_, iv. 11 (Magd. MS.). The word _sindérèse_ is used -by French theological writers, Bossuet for example. - -=sypers,= a thin textile material, J. Heywood, The Four P’s (Anc. Brit. -Drama, p. 10). See =cypress.= - -=syse,= an allowance or settled ration; _to keepe the syse_, to exercise -moderation, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 10. See Dict. (s.v. Size, -1). - - - - - T - - -=T= for _to_, freq. profixed to verbs; as in _tabandon_, to abandon, -_tescape_, to escape; so in Chaucer, _tabyde_, _tacoye_, _tamende_, &c. - -=tabid,= liable to waste away. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 19; -_tabidly inclined_, id., § 4. L. _tabidus_, wasting away. - -=tabine,= ‘tabby’, a stuff orig. striped, later waved or watered. -Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 6. Ital. _tabino_, ‘tabine’ -(Florio). See NED. (s.v. Tabby). - -=table,= the tablet or panel on which a picture is painted; ‘I beheld -myself drawn in the flattering table of her eye’, King John, ii. 504; -‘To sit and draw his arched brows . . . in our heart’s table’, All’s -Well, i. 1. 106; a picture, ‘The figure of a hangman In a table of the -Passion’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2. 5; Sir T. -Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, ii. 422). L. _tabula_, a painted tablet or -panel of a picture. - -=table,= a writing-tablet. BIBLE, Hab. ii. 2; Luke i. 63; 2 Cor. iii. 3; -_tables_, a set of tablets, a note-book, Hamlet, i. 5. 107; also, -_table-book_, id., ii. 2. 136; hence, _tabled_, noted, set down, -Cymbeline, i. 4. 6. ME. _table_: ‘a peyre of tables all of yvory’ -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 1741). L. _tabula_, a writing-tablet. - -=tables,= the ordinary name for backgammon, L. L. L. v. 2. 326. See -Nares. ME. _tables_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 900), Anglo-F. _juer as tables_ -(Ch. Rol. l. 111). - -=tabourine,= a small drum. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 275. F. _tabourin_ (Dict. -de l’Acad., 1694), see Hatzfeld (s.v. Tambourin). - -=tabride,= a ‘tabard’; a surcoat worn over armour and emblazoned with -armorial bearings. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 27. See Dict. - -=tache,= a fault or vice. Warner, Alb. England, xiii. 77. 318 (NED.); to -find fault with, id., bk. x, ch. 58. ME. _tache_ (_tacche_), a stain, -blemish, fault (P. Plowman, B. ix. 146). Anglo-F. _tache_, a stain, -blemish (Gower, Mirour, 1231). - -=tack,= that which fastens. Phr. _to hold tack with_, to hold one’s -ground with; to be even with; ‘A thousande pounde with Lyberte may holde -no tacke’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2084; to be a match for, to hold at -bay, Drayton, Pol. xi. 48; _to hold tack_, to hold out, to endure, -Butler, Hud. i. 3. 277. - -=tack,= a smack, taste or flavour which lasts, holds out. Drayton, Pol. -xix. 130; ‘_Le poisson pique_, begins to have a tacke or ill taste’, -Cotgrave. The same word as above. - -=tackle,= a mistress, a trull (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 -(Belfond Senior). - -=tag,= a rabble, mob. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 248; _tag-rag people_, the -mob, Julius C. i. 2. 260; ‘_Tagge and ragge_, cutte and longe tayle’ -(i.e. a mixed mob), Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 45. - -=taillee,= to ‘tally’, to keep account, at the game of basset. Farquhar, -Sir H. Wildair, i. 1 (Parly); ‘You used to taillee with success’, id., -ii. 2 (Lurewell). - -=taint,= a successful hit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 374; vii. 222. -ME. _taynte_, a ‘hit’ in tilting (NED., s.v. Taint, sb. 1). Short for -_attaint_, F. ‘_attainte_, a reach, hit, home touch’ (Cotgr.), OF. -_atainte_ (_ateinte_), deriv. of _ataindre_, to attain unto, to touch. - -=taint,= to ‘hit’ in tilting. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. ii. 1 -(Carlo); Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 3 (near end); Marlowe, 2 -Tamburlaine, i. 3; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 259. - -=taint,= to ‘tent’, to search a wound. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 65, 314. - -=tainture,= an imputation of dishonour. Fletcher, Thierry, i. 1. 1; -Sandys, tr. of Ovid’s Metam. i. 20. See NED. (s.v. Attainture). - -=take me with you,= let me understand you clearly, i.e. do not go faster -than I can follow you; be explicit; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 506. _Take us with -you_, understand us clearly, A Cure for a Cuckold (near the end). - -=take order,= to take measures, to make arrangements. North, tr. of -Plutarch, Julius Caes., § 9 (in Shak. Plut., p. 52); Octavius, § 8 (p. -246); Bacon, Essay 36; BIBLE, 2 Macc. iv. 27. - -=take up,= to check oneself, stop short. Pepys, Diary, Nov. 13, 1661; -Massinger, Picture, v. 3 (Mathias); to settle, arrange amicably a -quarrel, As You Like It, v. 4. 104; to take up one’s quarters, B. -Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 2; Pepys, Diary, Oct. 14, 1662. - -=taken with the maner;= see =maner.= - -=taking,= a disturbed state of mind, state of agitation. Merry Wives, -iii. 3. 191; also, malignant influence, King Lear, iii. 4. 61. Very -common in prov. use in the sense of a state of agitation. See EDD. (s.v. -Taking, 2). - -=taking,= infectious. King Lear, ii. 4. 166; Fletcher, The False One, -iv. 3 (Septimius). Still in use in Cumberland in this sense, ‘It’s a -varra takkan disease’, see EDD. (s.v. Taking, 1 (2)). - -=tale,= a specified number, that which is counted. BIBLE, Exod. v. 8. -18; 1 Sam. xviii. 27; 1 Chron. ix. 28; ‘Every shepherd tells his tale’ -(i.e. counts his sheep), Milton, L’Allegro, 67 (but meaning in this -passage disputed). - -=talent,= the talon of a bird of prey. For _talon_. L. L. L. iv. 2. 65; -Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 44; ‘Talant of an hauk’, Levins, Manip. Hence -_talenter_, a bird of prey with talons, as a hawk, Middleton and Rowley, -World Tost at Tennis (Denmark House). - -=tall,= valiant, brave. Ant. and Cl. ii. 6. 7; often used ironically, as -in Merry Wives, ii. 2. 11; &c. - -=tallage,= a tax, impost, levy, rate, toll; ‘Tallages and taxations’, -North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 12 (in Shak. Plut., p. 171). -Anglo-F. _tallage_, ‘taille, taxe’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Tally). - -†=tallow-catch,= 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 256 (so Quartos and Folios). The form -and meaning doubtful. Supposed by some to = _tallow-ketch_, i.e. a tub -filled with tallow; by others = _tallow keech_, a round lump of fat. See -=keech.= - -=talwood,= wood cut into billets for burning; firewood. Skelton, Why -Come ye nat to Courte, 79; Tasser, Husbandry, § 53. 12. A Sussex word -(EDD.). A rendering of OF. _bois de tail_, ‘bois en coupe’ (Godefroy). - -=tamin,= a kind of thin woollen stuff; ‘In an old tamin gown’, -Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Overreach). F. _étamine_, stamin; -‘_estamine_, the stuff Tamine’ (Cotgr.). - -=tancrete,= transcribed, copied. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, -417. OF. _tanscrit_, for _transcrit_, transcribed (Godefroy, s.v. -_transcrit_), L. _transcriptum_. - -=tanling,= one that is tanned by the heat of the sun. Cymbeline, iv. 4. -29. - -=tannikin, tannakin, tanakin,= a dimin. pet-form of the name Anna, used -especially for a German or Dutch girl. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, i. 1 -(Freevil); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Eyre). - -=tanti,= so much for (you); an exclamation of depreciation and contempt. -Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1. 22; Fuimus Troes, iii. 7 (Eulinus). L. _tanti_, -of so much value. - -=Tantony,= for _St. Anthony_; often with reference to the attributes -with which the saint was accompanied; as a crutch, a pouch, or a pig; -‘His tantonie pouch’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Riscio); ‘Like a -tantony pig’, Bickerstaff, Love in a Village, i. 5. 3. See EDD. (s.v. -Saint Anthony). - -=tapet,= a cloth on which tapestry is worked. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 276; -_tapets_, pl. tapestries; met. foliage of trees, Mirror for Mag., -Induction, st. 1. OE. _tæppet_, Late L. _tapetum_. - -=tappish,= to lurk, lie, hid. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxii. 158; -_tappis_, Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Tillyvally); _tappes’d_, hidden, -Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, v. 1 (Cheatly). F. _tapir_, to hide; _se -tapir_, to crouch, lie close, lurk (Cotgr.); pres. part, _tapissant_. -See =untappice.= - -=taratantara,= the blast of a trumpet; ‘Christ . . . in the clowdes of -heaven with his Taratantara sounding’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. -Furnivall, 24); ‘The noise of tarantara’s clang’, Grimald, Death of -Zoroas, 2. Onomatopoetic, cp. L. _taratantara_ (Ennius). - -=targe,= shield. Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 57; Milton, P. L. ix. -1111. Anglo-F. _targe_, a buckler (Ch. Rol. 3569). - -=target,= a light round buckler. Hall, Chron. Henry VIII, 2; North, tr. -of Plutarch, Julius Caesar, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., 54). See Dict. - -=tarmagon,= a termagant, a virago, vixen. Lady Alimony, i. 4. 1. See -Dict. (s.v. Termagant). - -=tarpawlin,= a sailor, jack-tar. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 -(Scapin). The same as _tarpaulin_, a tarred canvas covering. See Trench, -Select Glossary. - -=tarras, tarrass,= a terrace. Bacon, Essay 45, § 5; Chapman, May-day, -Act v (Lodovico). Hence, _tarrest_, terraced, provided with terraces; -Heywood, London’s Jus Honorarium; Works, iv. 276. - -=tarre on,= to set on a dog, to incite him to bite, King John, iv. 1. -117; Hamlet, ii. 2. 370; ‘To tarr on’, meaning to excite to anger, is in -common use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. _terre_, to provoke: ‘Nyle ye terre -youre sones to wraththe’ (Wyclif, Eph. vi. 4). OE. _tergan_, to vex, see -B. T. (s.v. Tirgan). - -=tarsell,= a tercel, male hawk. Skelton, Philip Sparowe, 558. See -=tassel.= - -=Tartarian,= a Tartar; a cant word for a thief. Merry Devil, i. 1. 13; -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (end). - -=task,= to tax. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 92. Norm. F. _tasque_, taxe, règlement -imposé par l’autorité pour le prix de certaines marchandises (Moisy), -Med. L. _tasca_ (Ducange), L. _taxare_, to rate, estimate the value of a -thing. - -†=tassaker,= a cup or goblet; ‘This Dutch tassaker’, Heywood, Rape of -Lucrece, iii. 3 (Valerius). Not found elsewhere. - -=tassel,= the male of any kind of hawk; ‘_Tiercelet_, the Tassel, so -termed because he is commonly a third part less than the female’, -Cotgrave; _tassel-gentle_, the male of the falcon, Romeo, ii. 2. 160; -_tassel gent_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 49; _tiercel gentle_, Massinger, -Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). See =tercel.= - -=taste,= to put to the proof, try, prove to be, Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 267; -to try the use of, to use (in affected speech), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 87; -to experience, to feel, Tempest, v. 1. 123. - -=tat, tatt,= a false die; _tatts_, pl. false dice (Cant). Shadwell, -Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). _Tatmonger_, a sharper who uses false -dice (in the same scene). - -=tatler,= for _tattler_, a slang term for a repeater, or a striking -watch; because it _tattles_ or utters sounds. Shadwell, Squire of -Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior). - -=tatterdemallion, tatterdimallian,= a man in tattered clothing; a ragged -fellow. Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon); Howell, Foreign -Travell, sect. vi, p. 37. See NED. - -=taumpin,= a ‘tampion’, a plug. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 642; ‘Tampyon -for a gon, _tampon_’, Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Tampion). - -=taunt pour taunte,= tit for tat. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 68. -F. _tant pour tant_, one for another (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Taunt). - -=Taurus:= ‘Taurus? that’s sides and heart. No, sir, it is legs and -thighs’, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 147. In astrology, the signs of the zodiac -were severally supposed to govern various parts of the body; and Taurus -governed the neck and throat; hence, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby were both -wrong (intentionally so); see Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 1. - -=tavell,= the bobbin on which silk is wound for use in the shuttle. -Skelton, Garland of Laurell, 791; Against Comely Coystrowne, 34. Cp. -mod. F. _tavelle_, the bobbin on which the silk is wound off the -cocoons; see NED. - -=taw,= to beat, thrash, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula); _tawed_, -treated like hides in making them into leather, ‘Greedy care . . . With -tawed handes, and hard ytanned skyn’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., -Induction, st. 39. See Nares and Dict. - -=taw,= to draw along. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, l. 14 from -end. See Nares (s.v. Tawe). - -=tawdry,= pl. _tawdries_, defined as ‘a kind of necklace worn by country -wenches’; Drayton, Pol. ii. 46; iv. 50. _Tawdry-lace_, St. Awdry’s lace, -i.e. lace bought at St. Awdry’s fair at Ely, Fletcher, Faith. -Shepherdess, iv. 1 (Amarillis). See Dict. - -=tax,= to take to task, criticize, censure, reprove. Rowley, All’s Lost, -v. 5. 74; Hamlet, i. 4. 18; also, to task, Much Ado, ii. 3. 46. See -=task.= - -=teade,= a torch. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 37; id., Muiopotmos, 293; -Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 424. L. _taeda_, a -torch. - -=teemed,= arranged in a ‘team’; said of horses. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, -314. - -=teen,= harm, injury, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 18; vexation, -annoyance, id., ii. 1. 15; grief, id., ii. 1. 21; ii. 1. 58. In prov. -use in the north country in the sense of anger, vexation, in Scotland -also in the sense of sorrow, grief. ME. _tene_, vexation, grief -(Chaucer). See Dict. M. and S. OE. _tēona_, damage, harm, insult, -calumny. - -†=teen,= keen; ‘The teenest Rasor’, Lyly, Euphues, pp. 34, 249. Not -found elsewhere. - -=teend,= to kindle a fire. Herrick, Hesp., Candlemas Day, id., -Ceremonies for Christmas, st. 2. A Lancashire pronunciation, see EDD. -(s.v. Tend, vb.^{2}). ME. _teend_ (Wyclif, Isaiah l. 11); OE. _tendan_, -in compounds, as _ontendan_ (Exod. xxii. 6). See =tind.= - -=tegge,= a female deer in the second year; ‘Tegge, or pricket, -_saillant_’, Palsgrave; Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 193. -Skelton has _tegges_, women (used in contempt), Elynour Rummyng, l. 131. -‘Teg’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and southern counties in the -sense of a yearling sheep before it is shorn (EDD.). - -=teil-tree,= a lime-tree or linden. BIBLE, Isaiah vi. 13; _teyle_, -Golding, Metam. viii. 620; fol. 102, back (1603). OF. _teil_; L. -_tilia_. - -=teint,= tint, colour. Dryden, To Sir G. Kneller, 178. F. _teint_, -colour, complexion. - -=teld,= _pt. t._, told. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 44. In common use in -Yorkshire, see EDD. (s.v. Tell, 2). ME. _telde_, told; ‘And thei . . . -telden alle these thingis’ (Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 9). OE. _tealde_, also -_telede_ (Leechdoms); see B. T. (s.v. Tellan). - -=temper,= to govern, rule, control. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1294. L. -_temperare_, to regulate, control. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.). - -=tempt,= to try, essay. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 496; Milton, P. -L. ii. 404. In prov. use (EDD.). L. _temptare_ (gen. written _tentare_), -to attempt, essay. - -=ten bones,= the ten fingers. 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 193; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, i. 3 (Petruchio); ‘I swear by these ten’ (i.e. ten bones), B. -Jonson, Masque of M. Gipsies (3 Gipsy). - -=tender,= to treat with kindness, to take care of. Two Gent. iv. 4. 145; -Taming Shrew, Induction, i. 16; Hamlet, i. 3. 107; regard, care, King -Lear, i. 4. 230. See Schmidt. - -=tenent,= a tenet, an opinion; ‘There are other assertions and common -Tenents drawn from Scripture’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. i. 22; Earle, -Microcosm., § 11 (ed. Arber, 34). See NED. - -=teniente,= a lieutenant. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. -_teniente de una compañia_, lieutenant of a company (Neuman); -_lugarteniente_, lieutenant (Stevens). - -=tent,= to apply a ‘tent’, or plug of linen, to a wound. Webster, White -Devil (Flamineo); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Colax). ME. -_tent_ of a wound (Prompt. EETS. 476). F. _tente_ (Cotgr.). See Dict. -(s.v. Tent, 2). - -=tercel,= the male of any kind of hawk. Bk. St. Albans (NED.); -_tiercel_, Phillips, Dict., 1706. ME. _tercel_ (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, -405 (v.rr. _tersel_, _tarsell_); _tarcel_, ‘tardarius’ (Voc. 615. 24). -OF. _tercel_ (Godefroy), O. Prov. _tersol_ (Levy), Span. _terzuelo_, -Ital. _terzuolo_, Med. L. _tertiolus_ (Ducange), F. _tiercelet_ -(dimin.), ‘a tassel’ (Cotgr.). See =tassel.= - -=terlerie-whiskie,= a twirling about; a phrase of little meaning, in the -refrain of a song. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. iii -(Merrythought). See NED. (s.v. Terlerie). - -=termer= (applied to both sexes), one who resorts to London in term-time -only, for the sake of gain or for intrigue; a frequenter of the -law-courts. Middleton, Roaring Girl (Preface); id., The Witch, i. 1 -(Gasparo); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, i. 1 (Oldcraft). - -=termless,= unlimited, infinite, Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 75; -incapable of being expressed by terms, inexpressible, indescribable, -Lover’s Complaint, 94. - -=terre,= to throw upon the ground; ‘He terr’d his glove’, Warner, Alb. -England, bk. iii, ch. 16, st. 44. A nonce-word. - -†=terrial.= ‘The terrials of her legs were stained with blood’ (said of -a hawk), Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Francis). Perhaps an error -for _terret_, one of the two rings by which the leash is attached to the -jesses of a hawk (NED.). - -=tertia,= a regiment of infantry. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1. 6; Dryden, -Conq. of Granada, II. i. 1 (K. Ferdinand). Span. _tercio_, a regiment, a -third part (Stevens). - -=testate,= a witness. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., v (Generous); vol. iv, -p. 251; Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 422. - -=testy,= witness; ‘Gives testies of their Maisters amorous hart’, Faire -Em, ii. 1. 100. Cp. L. _teste_, the word which began the last clause of -a writ, and signifying ‘witness’; being the abl. of L. _testis_, a -witness. See NED. (s.v. Teste, sb.^{2} 2 c). - -=tetchy, teachy,= quick to take offence, short-tempered, testy. Spelt -_teachy_, Earle, Microcosm., § 34 (ed. Arber, 56); _teachie_, Romeo, i. -3. 32 (1592). See NED. - -=tetragrammaton,= the Greek name of the Hebrew ‘four-lettered’ word, -written Y H W H, vocalized Y a H W e H by modern scholars; in the BIBLE -written JEHOVAH (Exod. vi. 3), but gen. rendered by ‘the LORD’; ‘Our -English tongue as well as the Hebrew hath a Tetragrammaton, whereby God -may be named; to wit, Good’, Wither, Lord’s Prayer, 17 (NED.); Greene, -Friar Bacon, iv. 3. Gk. τετραγράμματον (Philo, 2. 152). - -=tettish, teatish,= peevish, fretful. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without -Money, v. 2 (Valentine); Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Bianca). - -=tew,= a set of fishing-nets, nets. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. -29, st. 27; spelt _tewgh_, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, i. 3 (NED.). ME. -_tewe_, fishing tackle (Prompt. EETS. 477), OE. (_ge_)_tǣwe_, _getāwe_, -tackle, equipment. - -=tew,= to convert hide into leather; ‘I tewe leather, _je souple_’, -Palsgrave; to prepare for some purpose, ‘The toiling fisher here is -tewing of his net’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 139; to beat, thrash, Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, iii. 2 (Clause); _to tew hemp_, Ray’s Country Words, A.D. -1691. In prov. use for dressing leather and beating hemp, see EDD. (s.v. -Tew, vb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _tewyn lethyr_, ‘frunio, corrodio’ (Prompt.). - -=tewly,= scarlet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 798. Silk of this colour is -often referred to by earlier writers, as in Richard Coer de Lion, 67, -1516, Syr Gawayne, Beves of Hamtoun (Halliwell, s.v. Tuly); _tuly_, -colowre, ‘puniceus’ (Prompt. EETS. 494). OF. _tieulé_, of the colour of -a tile, i.e. red (Godefroy), deriv. of _tieule_ (F. _tuile_), a tile, L. -_tegula_. - -=teyle;= see =teil-tree.= - -=teyned.= ‘In shape of teyned gold’, Golding, Metam. v. 11. ME. _teyne_, -a slender rod of metal (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1225, 1229, 1240). Icel. -_teinn_, rod, _gull-teinn_, a rod of gold. - -=than,= then. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 38 (Common). - -=tharborough,= a form of =thirdborough,= q.v. L. L. L. i. 1. 185. - -=thatch’d head,= a term of abuse for an Irishman; one with thick matted -hair. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria). - -=thee,= to thrive, prosper. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 8; Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 1. 33; ii. 11. 17. ME. _thee_ (Chaucer), OE. _þēon_. See Dict. M. -and S. (s.v. Theen). - -=thembatel,= for _the embatel_, the battlement; ‘Griped for hold -thembatel of the wall’, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 581. Not found -elsewhere. - -=therm, tharm,= an intestine. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 100). Still -in use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tharm). OE. (Anglian) -_þarm_, a bowel. - -=thewes,= good qualities or habits. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 3; i. 10. 4; -ii. 1. 33; ii. 10. 59; Heywood, Britain’s Troy, i. 61 (Nares). Hence -_thewed_, having qualities of a certain kind, F. Q. ii. 6. 26. OE. -_þēaw_, usage, custom, habit. - -=thewes,= the bodily powers of a man, in Shaks. the bodily proportions -as indicating physical strength, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 276; Jul. Caes. i. -3. 81; Hamlet, i. 3. 12. - -=thick,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 39; ii. 3. 21; Shep. Kal., -March, 73; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, v. 5 (Cloe; near the end). In -Suffolk groves and woods with close underwood are called ‘thicks’, see -EDD. (s.v. Thick, 14). - -=thiller,= the shaft-horse in a team. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4. In -gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south of England, see EDD. Deriv. of -ME. _thylle_ of a cart, ‘temo’ (Prompt.). - -=thill-horse,= the shaft-horse; ‘The Thill-horse in Charles’s Wain’, -Derham (NED.). In common use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Thill, sb.^{1} 2 4). See =fill.= - -=thirdborough,= the petty constable of a township or manor. L. L. L. i. -1. 185; cp. Taming Shrew, Induct, i. 12; B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 -(Hugh). Probably a corruption of an earlier _frithborh_; OE. _friðborh_, -peace-surety, frankpledge. See NED. - -=thirdendale:= phr. _thirdendale gallant_, the third part of a gallant, -Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Scumbroath); Works, iii. 329. See -=halfendeale.= - -=this,= thus. Skelton, Death of Edw. IV, 38; Philip Sparowe, 366; and -often. - -=tho,= then. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; ii. 8. 47. ME. _tho_, then -(Chaucer). see M. and S.; OE. _þā_. - -=thole,= the dome of a temple, within which votive offerings were -suspended; ‘Let Altars smoake and Tholes expect our spoiles’, Fisher, -True Trojans, iii. 2 (Nennius). Gk. θόλος, a round building with a -cupola; at Athens, the Rotunda in which the Prytanes, the committee of -50, dined at the public cost. - -=thorow-lights,= lights or windows on both sides of a room. Bacon, Essay -45, § 3. From _thorow_ = through. - -=thrall,= _v._, to enthral, enslave. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 29; vi. 11. -44. - -=threap,= to rebuke; to maintain obstinately. Greene, James IV, -Induction (Bohan); _threpped_, pp., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 354. -In gen. prov. use in both senses in Scotland, Ireland, and in England, -north country and Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Threap, 5); ME. _threpe_, to -assert to be (Chaucer). OE. _þrēapian_, to rebuke, argue. - -=threave,= a large number, a multitude, a swarm of insects; ‘Threaves of -busy flies’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 401 (in later ed. ‘swarms of -flies’); a bundle or handful tied up like a small sheaf, Chapman, Gent. -Usher, ii. 1 (Bassiolo). The word is used in many parts of Scotland and -England in the sense of a considerable number or quantity, see EDD. -(s.v. Thrave, sb. 3). Icel. _þrefi_, a number of sheaves. - -=three-farthings.= King John, i. 143. Alluding to the very thin -three-farthing (silver) pieces of Qu. Elizabeth, which bore her profile, -with a rose at the back of her head. - -=three-pile,= three-piled velvet. The richest kind of velvet was called -_three-pile_ or _three-piled velvet_, presumably because it had a triple -(or a very close) pile or nap; Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 14. _Three-piled -piece_, referring to velvet, i. 2. 33. Metaphorically, _three-piled_ = -exaggerated, L. L. L. v. 2. 407; cp. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. -1. From _three_ and _pile_ (4). - -=threne,= a lament. Phoenix and Turtle, 49. Hence, _threning_ (spelt -_threnning_); ‘What needs these threnning words and wasted wind?’, Sir -T. Wyatt, To his Love (Wks., ed. Bell, 198). Gk. θρῆνος, a funeral -lament. - -=thrill,= to pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 32. Hence, _thrillant_, -piercing. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 46. ME. _thirte_, to pierce (Chaucer, C. -T. A. 2709). OE. _þyrlian_. See =thrull.= - -=thrill,= to hurl a weapon. Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (Virginius); Heywood, -Iron Age, Part I, 1632, sig. F (Dyce); Quarles, Sion’s Elegies, ii. 4. - -=thring,= to press forward. Mirror for Mag., Caracalla, st. 1. Still in -use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _thringe_, to press, to force one’s -way (Chaucer). OE. _þringan_, to press. - -=thrist,= thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 17. _Thristy_, thirsty, id., i. -5. 15. In prov. use in the north country, also in Heref. and Shropshire -(EDD.). ME. _thrist_, thirst; _thriste_, to thirst (Wars Alex. 4683, -3848). - -=throat-brisk,= (?) part of the brisket near the throat; spelt -_throte-briske_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 620. Cp. -_throat-sweetbread_ (also _neck-sweetbread_), butcher’s name for the -thymus gland, see NED. (s.v. Throat, 8 d). - -=throng,= pressed closely together; ‘Hidden in straw throng’ (i.e. in -straw pressed closely together), B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 5 (The -fourth Motion). OE. _þrungen_, pp. of _þringan_, to press. See =thring.= - -=throw,= a short space, a little while. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53. ME. -_throw_, a little while (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 2336). OE. -_þrāge_, ‘for a time’, _þrāh_, a space of time, a course, running. See -M. and S. (s.v. Throwe). - -=throwster,= a twister of silk thread for a weaver. Middleton, World -Tost at Tennis (Scholar). In the north country ‘to throw’ is in common -use in the sense of to twist, see EDD. (s.v. Throw, 16). OE. _þrāwan_, -to twist. - -=thrull,= to pierce. Morte Arthur, leaf 172. 28; bk. ix, c. 4. See -=thrill.= - -=thrum,= a weaving term: the waste end of a warp; _thrumm’d_, furnished -with tufts, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 319; untidily thatched, Middleton, -Mich. Term, i. 2. 6; _thrum-chinned_, with rough untidy chin, id., A -Trick to Catch, iv. 3. 7; ‘(A) plaine livery-three-pound-thrum’, B. -Jonson, Alchem. i. 1. 16 (applied jocularly to a person). ME. _thrumm_ -of a clothe, ‘filamen’ (Prompt.). Cp. Norw. dial. _trumm_, edge, brim -(Aasen); Du. ‘_drom_, a thrum’ (Sewel); G. _trumm_. - -=thrum,= to beat, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (George). An old -Suffolk word (EDD.). - -=thrust,= thirst; to thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 29; iii. 7. 50. OE. -_þurst_, thirst. See =thrist.= - -=tial,= a bond, tie, obligation; ‘Nor to contract with such (a woman) -can be a Tial’, Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 1 (Mirabel). A Scotch -word (EDD.). See =tyall.= - -=Tib-of-the-buttery,= a goose (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 -(Higgen). ‘Tib’ is a pet form of the Christian name Isabel; Tibbie was -once a favourite name with the peasants of the Lowlands. See NED. - -=ticket, on the,= on tick, like one who incurs an acknowledged debt. -Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1. 17. - -=tickle,= not to be depended upon; uncertain, unreliable, changeable. -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 5; vii. 8. 1; in unstable equilibrium, easily -upset, easily set in motion; in phr. _tickle of the sear_ (_sere_), -easily made to go off (the ‘sear’ being a portion of a gun-lock), used -_fig._ in Hamlet for yielding easily to any impulse (ii. 2. 327). ME. -_tikel_, unstable, uncertain (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3428). - -=tickle-footed,= uncertain, inconstant, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, -v. 4 (Elder Loveless). - -=ticklish,= easily disturbed, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 2 (Arsace). - -=tick-tack,= a complicated kind of backgammon, played both with men and -pegs; for rules, see the Compleat Gamester. Meas. for M. i. 2. 196; B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3 (Kiteley). Du. _tiktak_. tick-tack; -‘_tiktakbörd_, tick-tack-tables, backgammon tables’ (Sewel); cp. G. -_tricktrack_, backgammon. - -=tiddle,= to pet, to spoil; said of parents and children; ‘My parents -did tiddle me’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 173. Hence -_tidlings_, pets, spoilt children, id., 164. In prov. use in Berks., -meaning to tend carefully; to bring up a young animal by hand (EDD.). - -=tie-dog,= a bandog; a fierce dog who has to be tied up. Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. See Nares. - -=tiego,= a dizziness in the head. Massinger, A Very Woman, iv. 3 -(Borachia). The expression is put into the mouth of an ignorant woman; -it seems to represent _’tigo_, short for Lat. _vertigo_. - -=tiffany,= a kind of thin transparent silk; also a gauze muslin. -Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, i. 1 (Marine); Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 1 -(Treedle). Apparently the same word as _Tiffany_, a name for the -festival of the Epiphany. OF. _Tiphanie_ (Godefroy), Eccles. L. -_Theophania_, Eccles. Gk. Θεοφάνεια, the Manifestation of God. See -Ducange (s.v. Theophania). - -=tight, tite.= Of a ship: water-tight; ‘Twelve tite Gallies’, Tam. -Shrew, ii. 1. 381; competent, capable; vigorous, stout, Ant. and Cl. iv. -4. 16; neat, trim, carefully dressed, ‘But you look so bright, And are -dress’d so tight’, Farquhar, Beaux Strat. i. 1. In prov. use in various -senses in all parts of the English-speaking world: e.g. in good health, -sound, vigorous (E. Anglia); neat, trim (Scotland); see EDD. See =tith.= - -=tight,= _pt. t._, tied, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34. - -=tiller,= in archery, the wooden beam which is grooved for reception of -the arrow, or drilled for the bolt; ‘The beanie or tiller (of a -balista)’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 221 (NED.); ‘_Arbrier_, the tillar of -a crosse-bow’, Cotgrave; a stock or shaft fixed to a long-bow to admit -of its being used as a cross-bow, for greater precision of aim, Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 (Galatea); a bow fitted with a tiller, id., -Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless); _tiller-bow_, a cross-bow, see -Roberts, English Bowman (ed. 1801, p. 261), quoted by Croft (Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, i. 297); _tillering_, the putting of a bow upon a -tiller, Ascham, Toxophilus, 114. OF. _telier_ (_tellier_), the wooden -beam of a cross-bow, orig. a weaver’s beam (Godefroy), Mod. L. -_telarium_ (Ducange), L. _tela_, a web. - -=tilly-vally,= an exclamation of contempt at what has been said, like -our ‘nonsense!’ Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 83; _Tilly-fally_, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. -90. _Tille valle, Tille vallee!_, an exclamation used by Mrs. Alice -More, not liking her husband’s question, ‘Is not this house (in the -Tower) as nighe heaven as myne owne (at Chelsea)?’, see Life of Sir T. -More, by W. Roper (More’s Utopia, ed. Lumby, p. xlv). - -=tim,= a poor wretch; a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 -(Kastril). - -=timonist,= misanthrope. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, v. 2 -(Astorius). Alluding to Timon of Athens. - -=tinct,= to tinge, colour. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle); -_tinct_, pp. dyed, tinged, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 107. L. _tinctus_, -dyed. - -=tincture,= a colouring matter, Dryden, Juvenal, Ded. 36; hue, colour, -‘The tincture of a skin’, Addison, Cato, i. 4; a spiritual principle or -immaterial substance whose character or quality may be infused into -material things, which are then said to be tinctured, ‘Nothing can be so -mean, Which with his tincture (“for thy sake”) will not grow bright and -clean’, Herbert, The Elixir. - -=tind,= to kindle; ‘As one candle tindeth a thousand’, Sanderson-Serm. -(ed. 1689, p. 56) (NED.); _tind_, pt. t. ‘Stryful Atin in their stub, -borne mind Coles of contention and whot vengeance tind’, Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 8. 11. In Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 410, we find _tinne_ (to -kindle). ‘Tind’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). -Wyclif has _tend_: ‘No man tendeth a lanterne’ (Luke xi. 33). See NED. -for an account of the earlier form-history of the word. See =teend.= - -=tine,= to kindle, inflame; ‘As late the clouds . . . Tine the slant -lightning’, Milton, P. L. x. 1075; ‘The priest . . . was seen to tine -The cloven wood’, Dryden, Iliad, i. 635. A form of _tind_ (to kindle), -in prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Tind). - -=tine,= to perish, to be lost. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 36. In prov. use -in Scotland in this sense, and also, meaning ‘to lose’; see EDD. (s.v. -Tine, vb.^{1}). The original sense of the word was ‘to lose’. ME. -_tine_, to lose (Hampole, Psalter, lxi. 10); Icel. _tȳna_, to lose, to -destroy, put to death. - -=tine,= affliction, sorrow. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 15; Tears of the Muses, -3; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3 (Cloe); to feel pain, F. Q. ii. -11. 21. OE. _tȳnan_, to give pain, to vex. See =teen.= - -=tintamar, tintimar,= a confused noise, hubbub. Spelt _tintamar_, -Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, sect. i. 19, § 2; _tintimar_, Vanbrugh, -The Confederacy, v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet). F. _tintamarre_, ‘A clashing or -crashing, a rustling or gingling noise made in the fall of wooden stuff, -or vessels of metal; also a black Santus’ (Cotgr.). See =sanctus.= - -=tinternall,= the name of an old tune or burden for a song. Gascoigne, -ed. Hazlitt, i. 430. Cp. F. _tinton_, the burden of a song; from -_tinter_, to ring. - -=tip for tap,= tit for tat; one hit in requital for another. Gascoigne, -ed. Hazlitt, i. 463. See NED. (s.v. Tip, sb.^{2}). - -=tipe over,= to tilt over, overthrow; ‘I type over, I overthrow, _je -renverse_’, Palsgrave; ‘She tiped the table over and over’, Udall, tr. -of Apoph., Socrates, § 83. In prov. use in north of England, Shropshire, -and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _type_, to tilt over, knock down, see NED. -(s.v. Tip, vb.^{2}). - -=tiphon,= a ‘typhoon’, whirlwind; ‘A mental tiphon’, Shirley, Example, -ii. 1 (Vainman). Gk. τυφῶν = τυφώς, a furious whirlwind (Sophocles). - -=tippet:= in phr. _to turn one’s tippet_, to change one’s course or -behaviour completely; to act the turncoat. B. Jonson, Case is Altered, -iii. 3 (Aurelia); also, _to change one’s tippet_, Merry Devil of -Edmonton, iii. 2. 139; ‘He changed his typpette, and played the -Apostata’, Foxe, Book of Martyrs, 1049. 2 (NED.). - -=tipstaff,= a staff with a tip or cap of metal, carried as a badge by -certain officials. Mercury’s caduceus is called a ‘snaky tipstaff’, B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); an official carrying a tipped -staff, a sheriff’s officer, an officer appointed to wait upon a court in -session; ‘Then their Lordships . . . commissioned Atterbury the Tipstaff -to fetch a smith to force them open’, Magd. Coll. and Jas. II. p. 148 -(Oxf. Hist. Soc). - -=tire,= a ‘tier’, row, rank. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 35; Milton, P. L. vi. -605; Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (near the end); Dryden, Hind. and P. -iii. 317. OF. _tire_, row, rank (Godefroy); ‘_tire à tire_, l’un après -l’autre’ (Didot); O. Prov. _tiera_, _teira_, ‘suite, série’ (Levy). - -=tire,= to ‘attire’, L. L. L. iv. 2. 131. Hence _tire-men_, dressers -belonging to the theatre, Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii. 1 -(Fitsgrave). _Tire_, a head-dress, Two Gent. iv. 4. 190; spelt _tier_, -London Prodigal, iv. 3. 32; _tire-valiant_, a fanciful head-dress, Merry -Wives, iii. 3. 60. - -=tire,= to prey or feed ravenously upon. 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 269; Venus and -Ad. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, iii. -2 (Leocadia). ‘_Tiring_ (in Falconry) is a giving the Hawk a Leg or -Pinion of a Pullet or Pigeon to pluck at’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. ME. -_tyren_, to tear, rend (Chaucer, Boethius, iii. 12. 49). F. _tirer_, to -draw, pull, tug; see NED. (s.v. Tire, vb.^{2} 2). - -=tirik,= a mechanical device explaining astronomical phenomena, a -‘theorick’; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, Skelton, -Speke Parrot, 139; Garl. of Laurell, 1518. See NED. (s.v. Theoric, sb. -3). - -=tirliry-pufkin,= a light and flighty woman. Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1. - -=tit,= a small creature, young thing; _a tit of tenpence_, a girl worth -tenpence; a depreciatory epithet. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 2 -(Petruchio). - -=tite:= phr. _swithe and tite_, quickly and at once, Gammer Gurton’s -Needle, i. 4. 13. Very common in the phr. _as tite_, as soon, as lief, -in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tite, adv.^{2}). ME. _tite_, -quickly; _as tyte as_, as soon as (Wars Alex. 219, 693). Icel. _tītt_, -at once with all speed; see Icel. Dict. (s.v. Tīðr). - -=tith,= a variant of =tight= (q.v.). Of a ship: water-tight, Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, iii. 5; sound in body, ‘A good stanch wench, that’s -tith’, id., Mons. Thomas, ii. 3 (Thomas). The compar. _tither_ occurs in -The Mad Lover, iii. 3 (Chilax) in a nautical allusion. _Tithly_, -vigorously, Island Princess, i. 1. 20; closely, Women Pleased, iv. 3 -(Penurio). - -=tithe,= to decimate. Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, ii. 1 (Penius). - -=titillation,= a means of titillating, producing a pleasant sensation, -used of a perfume. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Face). - -=titivil= (=tytyvyllus=), a term of reprobation, a knave, villain, and -esp. a mischievous tale-bearer, Hall, Henry VI (ed. 1542, f. 43); -Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 642; Colyn Cloute, 418; ‘_Coquette_, a pratling -or proud gossip . . . a titifill, a flebergebit’, Cotgrave; _titifil_, -Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 24). Originally, the name of a devil -said to collect fragments of words dropped, skipped, or mumbled in the -recitation of the daily offices, and to carry them to hell to be -registered against the offender; the name occurs in the mystery plays. -Myrrour of our Ladye, i. 20. 54. See note to P. Plowman, C. xiv. 123. -See NED. for a full and interesting account of this curious creation of -monastic wit. - -=titivilitium,= an exclamation of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. -1 (Otter). L. _titivillitium_, a small trifle (used once by Plautus). - -=to,= in comparison with. Temp. i. 2. 480, &c. - -=to-,= prefix, in twain, asunder, in pieces. The following examples -occur in Caxton’s Hist. of Troye: _to-breke_ (pt. t. _to-brake_), to -break in pieces; _to-breste_, to burst asunder; _to-bruse_, to bruise in -pieces; _to-drawe_, to draw asunder; _to-frusshe_, to break in pieces; -_to-hewe_, to hew in pieces; _to-rente_, to rend in pieces. Malory’s -Morte Arthur has _to-cratche_, to tear to pieces; _to-ryue_, to rive -asunder; _to-sheuer_, to reduce to shivers. See NED. (s.v. To-, -pref.^{2}). - -=toadstone,= a stone fabled to be found in a toad’s head, which could -cure pain instantly. See As You Like It, ii. 1. 13; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, v. 1 (Livia); Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas). - -=toase,= to pluck, to pull, draw. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 760; ‘It is a -great craft to tose wolle wel’, Palsgrave. ME. _tosyn_ or tose wul or -odyre lyk, ‘carpo’ (Prompt. EETS. 501). See =tooze.= - -=toater;= see =toter.= - -=to-boil,= to boil thoroughly, boil down. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 5 -(Ferdinand). - -=to-break,= to break in pieces; ‘So inward force my heart doth all -to-break’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover compareth (ed. Bell, p. 200); -_to-brake_, pt. t., ‘And all to brake his scull’, BIBLE, Judges ix. 53. -See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tobreken). OE. _tobrecan_, pt. t. _tobræc_. - -=tod,= a fox. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); Pan’s Anniversary, -Hymn iv, l. 12. A north-country word; Jamieson says, ‘the fox is -vulgarly known by no other name throughout Scotland’, see EDD. (s.v. -Tod, sb.^{2}). - -=tod,= a bushy mass (esp. of ivy). Spenser, Sheph. Kal., March, 67; -Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, i. 1 (Caratach); id., Rule a Wife, iv. 3 -(Juan). In E. Anglia the word is in use for the head of a pollard tree, -see EDD. (s.v. Tod, sb.^{5} 1). - -=to-dash,= to dash in pieces. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. -18. - -=todder,= slime; the spawn of frogs or toads; ‘Where in their todder -loathly paddocks breed’, Drayton, Moses, bk. ii, 116. In prov. use in -Leic. for the spawn of frogs or toads, see EDD. (s.v. Tother, sb. 3). - -†=toderer,= a man of loose life. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). - -†=tods;= ‘I wear out my naked legs and my foots and my teds’, Dekker, O. -Fortunatus. iv. 2 (Andelocia). A misreading for ‘toes’. - -=tofore,= formerly. Titus And. iii. 1; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 7. ME. -_toforn_, beforehand (Chaucer); _tofore_, prep. before (P. Plowman, B. -v. 457). - -=to-frusshed,= _pp._ broken to pieces, crushed, battered. ‘All -to-frusshed’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. ii, ch. 12, st. 33. See =frush.= - -=toft,= taut, tightly drawn, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 554. See -NED. (s.v. Taut, adj. 2). See EDD. (s.v. Taut). ME. _toght_, tightly -drawn (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2267). - -=token,= a small coin, struck by private individuals to pass for a -farthing. _Tavern-token_, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime); ‘Not worth a -tavern-token’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1 (Tapwell). - -=tole,= to entice, draw on. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons, iv. 2 -(near the end); _tole on_, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1 -(Clorin). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Toll, -vb.^{2} 1). ME. _tollen_, to attract, entice (Chaucer, Boethius, ii. 7. -15). - -=toledo,= a Toledo sword. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo); near the end; -Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Bobadilla). - -=ton,= a tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). F. -_thon_, a tunny-fish (Cotgr.); L. _thunnus_; Gk. θύννος. - -=tone:= _the tone_, for _thet one_, i.e. that one, the one. Golding, tr. -of Ovid, Preface, 96; cp. _the tother_, for _thet other_, that other, -the other (in the same line). Just below, l. 105, we find _tone part_, -for _the tone part_, i.e. the one part. See Nares. - -=tonnell;= see =tunnel.= - -=tony,= a simpleton. In Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio), we -find _Tony_ used as an abbreviation of Antony, and at the same time -signifying a simpleton; ‘Be pointed at for a tony’, Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, iii (Freeman); _tonies_, pl. Dryden, All for Love, Prol., 15. - -=toot;= see =tote.= - -=toothful,= toothsome, delicious. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, v. 1 -(Theoph.). - -=too-too,= extremely, very. Hamlet, i. 2. 129; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. -15 (Common); _toto muche_, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 42. - -=tooze,= to tease wool; ‘Toozing wooll’, Golding, Metam. xiv. 265; fol. -170 (1603); ‘I toose wolle or cotton or suche lyke, _Je force de la -laine_, and _je charpis de la laine_’, Palsgrave. See =toase.= - -=top-ayle,= highest spike or beard of an ear of corn. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xx. 211. ‘Ails’ (‘iles’) is in prov. use in the south of England -for the beards or awns of barley or any other bearded grain, see EDD. -(s.v. Ail, sb.^{2}). OE. _egl_, ‘festuca’ (Luke vi. 41). - -=tope,= I pledge you; lit. touch (or strike) my glass with yours. -Shirley, Honoria, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See Dict. (s.v. Toper). - -=topsiturne,= to upset, turn upside down; ‘This object . . . Which -topsiturnes my braine’, Heywood, Iron Age (Ajax), vol. iii, p. 341; ‘All -things are topside-turn’d’, id., Dialogue 9, in vol. vi, p. 214. - -=tormentour,= a torturer, one deputed to torture and punish offenders, -an executioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 49; BIBLE, Matt. -xviii. 34. ME. _tormentour_, executioner (Chaucer, C. T. G. 527). - -=tortious,= injurious, wrongful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 18. See Dict. -(s.v. Tort). - -=torved,= stern. Webster, Appius and Virginia, v. 3 (Virginius). For -_torvid_, Med. L. _torvidus_ (Ducange). - -†=toss, tosses,= _pl._ (?). Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria). - -=tote,= to look, gaze; ‘How often dyd I tote Upon her prety fote’, -Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1146; spelt _toote_, Speke Parrot, 12; _toot_, -Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 2 (Oenone). In prov. use in north of -England down to Warw. in the sense of to peep and pry about, see EDD. -(s.v. Toot, vb.^{2}). ME. _toten_ (P. Plowman, B. xv. 22), OE. _tōtian_, -to look, gaze. - -=tote,= to project, stick out; ‘Your tail toteth out behind’, The Four -Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; ‘A toting huge swelling ruff’, -Howell’s Letters, bk. i, sect. 3, let. 31, § 7. In prov. use in the -north country, also in Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.^{2} 3). - -=toter,= a player upon the horn. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 3 (Pan); -_toater_, Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 1 (end). See EDD. (s.v. Toot, -vb.^{1}). - -=tother:= _the tother_, for _thet other_, the other. See =tone.= - -=toto,= variant of =too-too,= q.v. - -=totters,= tatters, rags. Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song); -_tottered_, tattered, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 6; Edward II, ii. 3. -21; Richard II, iii. 3. 52. Norw. dial. _totra_, a rag, _totror_, pl. -rags, also _taltra_(_r_) (Aasen). - -=totty,= unsteady, confused in thought. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39; -Sheph. Kal., Feb., 55. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). -ME. _toty_: ‘Myn heed is toty of my swink to-night’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -4253). - -=touch,= a trait or feature; ‘One touch of nature makes the whole world -kin’, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 175; ‘Evill touches’, Ascham, Scholemaster, -48. _Touch_ = _Touchstone_, Richard III, iv. 2. 8; used also _fig._ with -reference to the trial of gold, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 10. - -=touch,= often used for any costly marble; properly the _basanites_ of -the Greeks, a very hard black granite. It obtained the name _touch_ from -being used as a test for gold. It was often written _tutch_ or _tuch_; -‘He built this house of tutch and alabaster’, Harington, tr. Ariosto, -xliii. 14; ‘With alabaster, tuch and porphyry adorned’, Drayton, Pol. -xvi. 45; ‘Thou art not, Penshurst, built to envious show of touch or -marble’, B. Jonson, Forest, B. ii. 2. See Nares. F. _pierre de touche_, -‘sorte de pierre, ainsi appelée, parce qu’on s’en sert pour éprouver -l’or et l’argent en les y frottant’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). - -=touch-box,= a box containing powder for priming a fire-arm; ‘Fire the -touch-box’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2. 8. See =twitch-box.= - -=tour,= a lady’s head-dress or wig. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 -(Medley). F. ‘_Un tour de tête_, _un tour_, sorte de petite perruque de -femme’ (Hatzfeld). - -=toure, towre,= to see, to look (Cant). To _towre_, to see, Harman, -Caveat, p. 84; _toure out_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=toward,= in preparation, near at hand. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 81; -Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 68; _towards_, Romeo, i. 5. 124; _towardness_, -docility, Bacon, Essay 19. - -=towker,= a ‘tucker’, a fuller of cloth. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 14, § 4. ME. _towkere_, ‘fullo’ (Voc. 629. 2), _towker_, P. Plowman, -A. Prol. 100. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tokker). - -=town-top,= Fletcher, Nightwalker, i. 3 (Nurse). See =parish-top.= - -=to-wry,= to hide, conceal; ‘Your sighs you fetch from far, And all -to-wry your woe’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover’s Case cannot be hidden, 26 -(ed. Bell, p. 95). ME. _wrye_, to cover (Chaucer, C. T. E. 887), OE. -_wrēon_, to cover; _wrigen_, pp. - -=toy,= a trifle, a trifling ornament. Twelfth Nt. iii. 3. 44; ‘Any toys -for your head’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 326; Bacon, Essay 19; a trifling -matter, something of no value, Othello, i. 3. 270; an idle fancy, whim, -King John, i. 1. 232; Richard III, i. 1. 60; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. -79; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Beaupré). - -=to-year,= this year. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); -_to-yere_, id., Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. In -gen. prov. use in England and Ireland (EDD.). ME. _to-yere_, this year -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 168). - -=trace,= the straps by which a vehicle is drawn, traces. Golding, Metam. -ii. 109; fol. 16, back (1603); ‘Trace, horse harnesse, _trays_’, -Palsgrave. ME. _trayce_, horsys harneys, ‘trahale’ (Prompt.). F. -_traits_, pl. of _trait_, ‘the cord or chain that runs between the -horses’ (Cotgr.). _Traces_ is therefore a double plural. See Dict. - -=trace,= to follow up a track; to traverse, to move forward. Sackville, -Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 27; Morte Arthur, leaf 232. 18, bk. x, -ch. 30; Milton, Comus, 427; _trast_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 37. In -use in Ireland in the sense of tracking an animal, see EDD. (s.v. Trace, -vb.^{1} 1). - -=tract,= to track, follow up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 3, 17; Greene, Orl. -Fur. i. 1. 101. - -=tract:= phr. _tracte of tyme_, duration of time, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 22, § 3; _to tract the time_, to prolong the time, -Mirror for Mag., Gloucester, st. 25. Hence _tracting_, protraction, -prolongation, ‘In the tractynge of tyme’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, -53). F. ‘_par traict de temps_, in tract of time’ (Cotgr.). - -=trade,= track of footsteps, trodden path. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39; ‘A -common trade to passe through Priam’s house’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. -593. In north Yorks. the word is in prov. use, meaning a constant -passage backwards and forwards, used of men and animals: ‘A lot of -rabbits here, by the trade they make’, see EDD. (s.v. Trade, 1). - -=traditive,= traditional. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 196. - -=traduction,= transmission. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 23. _Verbal -traduction_, verbal translation, Cowley, Pref. to Pindaric Odes -(beginning). F. _traduction_, a translation, L. _traductio_, a -transferring, transmission. - -=traicte,= to treat. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. -_traicter_, to treat (Cotgr.). - -=train,= to draw on, allure, entice. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 45; _train -on_, 1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 21. Norm. F. _trainer_, ‘attirer, entrainer, -séduire’ (Moisy). - -=trains,= artifices, stratagems. Macbeth, iv. 3. 118; Spenser, F. Q. i. -3. 24; Milton, P. L. xi. 624; Sams. Ag. 533, 932; Comus, 151. ME. -_trayne_, or disseyte, ‘fraus’ (Prompt. EETS. 488). OF. _traine_, -‘trahison’ (Godefroy); cp. F. ‘_traine_, a plot, practice, device’ -(Cotgr.). - -=tralineate,= to deviate, degenerate. Dryden, Wife of Bath, 396. -Suggested by Ital. _tralignare_, to degenerate (Dante). - -=tralucent,= transparent, allowing light to shine through. B. Jonson, -Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 6. The same as -_translucent_, Milton, Comus, 861. L. _tralucere_, _translucere_, to -shine through. - -=tramels,= nets for confining the hair, net-work. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. -15; Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 426 (Remilia); p. 122, col. 2. F. -_tramail_, a net (Cotgr.); Ital. _tramaglio_, a drag-net (Fanfani), Med. -L. _tremaculum_, _tremaclum_ (Ducange). - -=trampler,= a lawyer. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, i. 4 (Witgood). - -=trangame,= a thing of no value (Cant); ‘But go, thou trangame, and -carry back those trangames which thou hast stolen’, Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, iii (Widow). - -=translate,= to transform. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 122; B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. ii. 4 (Brain-worm). - -=translater,= a jocose or slang term for a cobbler who made worn boots -wearable by judicious patching, and mending; ‘Jeffrey the translater’, A -Knack to know a Knave (Cobbler), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 566. For many -examples of the use of this word for a ‘cobbler’, see EDD. (s.v. -Translate, 1). - -=transmew,= to transmute, change. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 35; ii. 3. 37. -ME. _transmuwen_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 467). F. _transmuër_, to -change (Cotgr.). L. _transmutare_. See EDD. - -=transmogrify,= to transform. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 -(Belfond Senior). A playful variant of _transmodify_, by association -with the termination -(_mo_)_graphy_. In gen. prov. and colloquial use -in all English-speaking countries (EDD.). - -=transversaries,= the cross-pieces of a cross-staff, which was an old -instrument for taking altitudes and measuring angles. Dekker, Wh. of -Babylon (1 King); Works, ii. 233. - -=trash,= (hunting term), to check (a dog) that is too fast by attaching -a weight to its neck; ‘This poor trash of Venice, whom I trash For his -quick hunting’, Othello, ii. 1. 132; ‘Who t’advance, and who To trash -for over-topping’, Tempest, i. 2. 81; Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 1 Caratach). -See Nares. In Cumberland the word _trash_ means a cord used in checking -dogs, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, sb.^{3} 1). - -=trash,= to tramp after, to pace along. Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 37. In -prov. use in Lakeland, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, vb.^{1} 1). - -=trattle,= to prattle, tattle. Bale, Kynge Johan (Camd. Soc.), p. 73; -Skelton, Against the Scottes, 2. Hence, _trattler_, a prattler, ‘A -tratler is worse than a thief’, Ray, Proverbs (ed. 1678, 357). A Scotch -word, see EDD. (s.v. Trattle, vb.). - -=travant,= a halberdier in attendance on the Emperor in Germany. -Chapman, Alphonsus, iii (Alph.). G. _Trabant_, a satellite, halberdier: -cp. Norw. _drabant_, one of the body-guard of Solomon (1 Kings ix. 22), -Magyar _darabant_. See Kluge’s Etym. Germ. Dict., and NED. (s.v. -Drabant). - -=travers=(=e,= a movable screen, a sliding door. Marston’s Masque at -Ashby Castle, MS. (Nares); Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. -45; spelt _traves_, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 58. ME. _travers_: ‘We -will that our said son be in his chamber . . . the travers drawn anon -upon eight of the clock’ (Letters and Ordinances, 1473, in Nares); so in -Chaucer: ‘Men drinken and the travers drawe anon’ (C. T. E. 1817); also -_travas_, ‘transversum’ (Prompt. EETS. 489, see note, no. 2387). The -word exists in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Traverse, 2). - -=traverse,= to examine thoroughly. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 3 -(Tarquin). - -=tray-trace, trey-trace,= perhaps (like _tray-trip_) the name of a game -at dice. Trey-trip and _trey-trace_, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 118. - -=tray-trip,= an old game at dice, in which _tray_ (three) was a -successful throw. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 207; B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 -(Subtle); spelt _tra-trip_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 -(Roger); _tre-trip_, Mayne, City Match, ii. 4 (Aurelia); ‘Lett’s goe to -dice a while, To passage, trei-trippe, hazard, or mum-chance’, -Machivell’s Dogge, 1617, 4to, sign. B; see Nares. See =trey.= - -=treachetour,= a traitor, deceiver. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 7. A -contaminated form; due to ME. _trechour_ (a traitor) and ME. _tregetour_ -(a juggler). The latter word is found in Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1277, -and C. T. F. 1143, see also _tregetowre_, ‘mimus, pantomimus, -prestigiator, joculator’ (Prompt. EETS. 489). Anglo-F. _tregettour_, -juggler (Bozon), deriv. of OF. _tresgeter_, Med. L. _transjectare_, to -throw across, to juggle. - -=treachour,= a traitor, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; ii. 1. 12; ii. 4. 27; -_treacher_, King Lear, i. 2. 133; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iii. -1 (Otto); Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron). ME. _trechour_ -(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 197). OF. _trecheör_ (Bartsch), Romanic type -_trecatórem_, cp. Med. L. _tricator_, ‘deceptor’ (Ducange). - -=treague,= a truce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 33. Ital. and Span. _tregua_, -Mod. L. _tregua_, see Ducange (s.v. Treva); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. -_triuwa_, truth, a solemn promise (Schade). - -=treason,= a surrender. North, tr. Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 17 (in Shaks. -Plut. p. 31). OF. _traïson_, Med. L. _traditio_, ‘cessio, concessio’ -(Ducange). - -=treen,= pl. of _tree_. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 1. -ME. _treon_, trees (Laȝamon, 1835, 25978). - -=treen,= wooden, made of wood. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 39; i. 7. 26; -Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii (near end); ‘Treene dishes be homely’, -Tusser, Husbandry, 175. In prov. use: _treen-plates_, wooden trenchers, -in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _treen_, wooden (Prompt. EETS. 495). - -=trench,= to cut. Two Gent. iii. 2. 7; Macb. iii. 4. 27. F. ‘_trencher_, -to cut, carve, slice, hew’ (Cotgr.). - -=trenchand,= cutting, sharp. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 17. For _trenchant_; -from F. _trencher_, to cut. - -=trenchmore,= a lively and boisterous country-dance. Beaumont and Fl., -Pilgrim, iv. 3 (Master); Island Princess, v. 3 (2 Townsman); London -Prodigal, i. 2. 38; Selden’s Table Talk (s.v. King of England). See -Nares. - -=trendle,= a wheel, a hoop. Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 72; ‘A -cracknel or cake made like a Trendell’, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 1, 2). ME. _trendyl_, ‘troclea’ (Prompt. -490). OE. _trendel_, a wheel (Sweet), see =trindill.= - -=trendle,= to roll; ‘Like a trendlyng ball’, Gascoigne, Fruites of -Warre, st. 44 (Works, i. 158). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 8). -See =trindill.= - -=trepidation,= a swaying motion: the libration of the earth. Milton, P. -L. iii. 483. - -=trest;= see =trist.= - -=tretably,= properly, correctly. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2 -(Pedant). OF. _traitable_, tractable. - -=trey, tray,= three; at cards or dice. L. L. L. v. 2. 232. Anglo-F. -_treis_, L. _tres_, three. - -=treygobet,= the name of a game at dice. Lit. ‘three (and) go better’. -The Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 34. - -=trick=(=e,= neat, tidy, elegant. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 35; Ascham, -Toxophilus, 6 (Nares); Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 73; neatly, -skilfully, Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Faunus). - -=tricker,= a trigger. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 528; Farquhar, Recruiting -Officer, i. 1. Du. _trekker_, a trigger, a puller; _trekken_, to draw, -pull. See Dict. - -=trickment,= heraldic emblazonry; ‘Here’s a new tomb, new trickments -too’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, iv. 2 (Norandine); ‘No tomb shall -hold thee But these two arms, no trickments but my tears’, Mad Lover, v. -4 (Calis). - -=tricotee,= a kind of dance; ‘A monkey dancing his tricotee’, Lady -Alimony, i. 2 (Trillo). OF. _tricotee_, an involuntary dance by one -compelled by blows (Godefroy); cp. _tricote_, a cudgel; _Tricot_, ‘bâton -gros et court. Il n’est d’usage que dans le discours familier: _Il lui -donna du tricot_’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). Of Germ. origin, see Schado -(s.v. Stric). See Nares. - -=trig,= a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril). - -=trigon.= The zodiacal signs were combined in _triplicities_, or four -sets of three; each of these formed a trigon. There are four such: (1) -the _fiery_ trigon, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius; (2) the _earthy_ trigon, -Taurus, Virgo, Capricornus; (3) the _airy_ trigon, Gemini, Libra, -Aquarius; (4) the _watery_ trigon, Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces, according to -the four elements, fire, earth, air, water. ‘The fiery trigon’, 2 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 288; ‘His musics, his trigon’, B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 -(Nano); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 905. Gk. τρίγωνον, a triangle. - -=trill,= to roll as a ball. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 7; -to trickle as a tear, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 78; Sir T. Wyatt, -Comparison of Love to a Stream, 2; to twirl, ‘I tryll a whirlygig rounde -aboute, _Je pirouette_’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in sense of to trundle -a hoop, also, to twirl (EDD.). ME. _tryllyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt. EETS. -502). - -=trillibub,= a trifle, an expression for something trifling. Massinger, -Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Fairfield); a -cheap food, like tripe, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). See -Nares. Cp. the prov. words for entrails, tripe, _trollibobs_, -_trullibubs_, _trollibags_, gen. used in phr. _tripe and trollibobs_ -(EDD., s.v. Trollibobs). See =trullibub.= - -=trim,= neat, elegant, nice, fine; mostly used with irony; ‘The flowers -are sweet, their colours fresh and trim’, Venus and Ad. 1079; ‘Trim -gallants’, L. L. L. v. 2. 363; ‘These trim vanities’, Hen. VIII, i. 3. -37; ornamental dress, Ant. and Cl. iv. 4. 22; ‘Proud-pied April, dressed -in all his trim’, Sonnet 98; phr. _in her trim_, in speaking of ships, -the state of being fully prepared for sailing, ‘Where we in all her trim -freshly beheld our royal ship’, Tempest, v. 236; Com. Errors, iv. 1. 90. - -=trim-tram,= a trifle, a worthless speech or thing. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, ii. 114. [‘They thought you as great a nincompoop as your -squire—trim-tram, like master, like man’, Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, -xiii.] A reduplicative term used in Scotland, expressive of ridicule or -contempt (EDDA.). - -=trindill;= ‘That they take away and destroy all shrines, tables, -candlesticks, trindills, or rolls of wax’, King’s Injunctions, ann. -1547, in Fuller’s Church History. - -=trindle-tail.= Fletcher speaks of a cur with ‘a trindle tail’, i.e. a -tail curled round, Love’s Cure, iii. 3. 17; Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 3. -18; spelt _trundle-tail_, a dog with a curled tail, King Lear, iii. 6. -73; _trendle-tail_, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Ursula). See -=trendle.= - -=trine,= a combination of three things (viz. youth, wit, and courage), -Mirror for Mag., Cromwell, st. 26. - -=trine,= an aspect in which one planet was at an angle of 120 degrees -from another. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 292; ‘A trine aspect’, Beaumont and -Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret). Hence, as vb., to conjoin in a -trine, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 389. See =triplicity.= - -=trine,= to be hanged (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); -Harman, Caveat, p. 31; _trine me_, hang me, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. -1 (Trapdoor). - -=trinket= (=trinquet=)=,= the highest sail of a ship. Hakluyt, Voyages, -iii. 411; ‘_Trinquet_ is properly the top or top-gallant on any mast, -the highest sail of a ship’, Blount, Gloss. (ed. 1674). F. _trinquet_ -(Cotgr.), Span. and Port. _trinquete_, deriv. of _trinca_, a rope for -lashing fast; of Germ. origin, cp. G. _strick_; see Reinhardstöttner, -Portuguese Gram. (1878), § 31, and Schade (s.v. Strickan). - -=trinket,= a porringer; esp. one made with a handle, like a teacup, as -it is to be hung upon a pin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 3. - -=trinket= (=trenket=)=,= a shoemaker’s knife; ‘Trenket, an instrument -for a cordwayner, _batton a torner_ (_soulies_)’, Palsgrave [also spelt -_trynket_]. ME. _trenket_ (Voc. 562. 3); _trenkett_, ‘ansorium’ (Cath. -Angl.); _trenkette_ (Prompt. 490, see note, no. 2395). Cp. F. -_tranchet_: ‘A shoomakers round cutting knife: _tranchet de -cordouanier_’ (Sherwood). - -=triplicity,= a combination of three zodiacal signs in the form of an -equilateral triangle; ‘And how the signs in their _triplicities_, By -sympathizing in their trine consents’, &c., Drayton, Man in the Moon, -458. See =trigon.= - -=trist, trest,= the station where a hunter was placed to watch the game. -_At the trest_, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 14; bk. xviii, c. 21; _at -the tryst_, Master of Game, ch. 16 (end). ME. _triste_, an appointed -station in hunting (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1534), _tryster_ (Gawain), -_tristre_ (Anc. R.). OF. _triste_, _tristre_ (Godefroy). See Dict. (s.v. -Tryst). - -=trisulke,= three-forked, triple. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Saturn); -vol. iii, p. 43; Brazen Age (Hercules), p. 250; a trident, three-forked -spear, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Timon); vol. vi, p. 160. L. _trisulcus_, -three-forked (Virgil). - -=troad, trode,= track of footsteps, beaten path. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. -5; Shep. Kal., July, 14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 325. ‘Trod’, -meaning a beaten track, a foot-path, is a north-country word down to -Lincoln (EDD.). - -=troll, troul, trowl,= to roll; ‘To troll the tongue’, Milton, P. L. xi. -620; to circulate or pass round, as a vessel of liquor at a carouse, -‘Troul the bowl’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 -(Merrythought); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Song); to sing a tune -in succession, ‘Troll the catch’, Tempest, iii. 2. 126; Beaumont and -Fl., Philaster, v. 3 (Dion). In prov. use in various parts of England in -the sense of to roll, to circulate, see EDD. (s.v. Troll, vb.^{1}). ME. -_trollyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt.). - -=troll-my-dames,= the name of a game; ‘A fellow, sir, that I have known -to go about with troll-my-dames’, Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 92 (Autolycus). -Also called _pigeon-holes_; also _nine-holes_ (described by Strutt). The -game was played with a board, at one end of which were a number of -arches, like pigeon-holes, into which small balls were to be bowled; see -Nares. The word _troll-my-dames_ is a corruption of the French name for -the game _Trou-Madame_; see Cotgrave. - -=tromp,= to deceive. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). F. _tromper_. Cp. -EDD. (s.v. Trump, vb.^{3}). - -=trossers,= tight drawers. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria); -Hen. V, iii. 7. 57 (so most modern edds.). See =strossers.= - -=trot,= an old woman. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 80; used of a man, Meas. for M. -iii. 2. 54; Gammer Gurton, ii. 8; Warner, Albion, ii. p. 47 (Nares). In -prov. use (EDD.). Anglo-F. _trote_: ‘la viele trote’ (Gower, Mirour, -17900). - -=trouchman;= see =truchman.= - -=troul, trowl;= see =troll.= - -=trow,= to think, believe, suppose; ‘I trow not’, BIBLE, Luke xvii. 9; 2 -Hen. VI, ii. 4. 38; v. 1. 85. _I trow_, added to questions expressive of -contemptuous or indignant surprise; ‘Who’s there, I trow?’, Merry Wives, -i. 4. 140; ii. 1. 64; also _trow_ alone; ‘What is the matter, trow?’, -Cymbeline, i. 6. 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. -_trowen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 691), OE. _trūwian_, to believe confidently, -to trust in a person or thing (Sweet). - -=trowses,= close-fitting drawers; ‘Four wild Irish in trowses’, Ford, -Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1 (Stage-direction); B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. -1 (Pennyboy Junior); hence, _trowzed_, clad in ‘trowses’, ‘Poor trowz’d -Irish’, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1577. F. _trousses_, the breeches of a page -(Littré); cp. O. Irish _truibhas_, close-fitting breeches and stockings -(O’Curry, Introd., p. 384); Irish _triubhas_ (Dinneen). See Dict. (s.v. -Trousers). - -=Troy-novant,= or =New Troy,= London. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 46; Peele, -Descensus Astraeae, l. 18 from end; id., A Farewell, &c., l. 4; -‘Geoffrey of Monmouth . . . reporteth that Brute lineally descended from -the demi-god Aeneas . . . about the year of the world 2855, and 1108 -before the nativity of Christ, built this city (London) near unto the -river now called Thames, and named it Troynovant or Trenovant’, Stow’s -Survey (ed. Thoms, 1). London was the capital of the British tribe, the -_Trinobantes_, one of its ancient names being _Augusta Trinobantum_, -whence the Anglo-F. _Troynovant_; but by popular etymology _Troynovant_ -was connected with the _Troia nova_ (new Troy) of Geoffrey of Monmouth -and Nennius. - -=truage,= tribute. Morte Arthur, leaf 35, back, 4; bk. i, c. 23. ME. -_truage_ (Rob. Glouc.). OF. _truage_, _treuaige_, _treutage_, ‘vectigal, -tributum’, deriv. of _true_, _treü_, _trehu_, ‘tributum’, see Ducange -(s.v. Truagium). OF. _treü_ is the same word as L. _tributum_; cp. O. -Prov. _traüt_, _trabut_, ‘tribut’ (Levy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. -Trewage). - -=truchman,= an interpreter. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); -tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry, III (= L. _interpete_); Holland. Pliny, -Nat. Hist., bk. vii, ch. 24; Hakluyt, Voyages, ii. 152; Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid (ed. Arber, 82); _trucheman_, Puttenham, Eng. Poes. (ed. -Arber, 278); _trouchman_, Three Lords and Three Ladies; in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 463. See Nares. F. _trucheman_ (Cotgr.), O. Prov. -_trocheman_, Span. _trujaman_ (Stevens), Arab. _tarjumân_ (Dozy, 351). -See Stanford (s.v. Dragoman). - -=truckle-bed,= a bed which could be wheeled under a larger one, Hall, -Satires, ii, sat. 6; ‘_troccle-bed_’, Statutes Trinity Coll., Oxford -(ann. 1556). An Oxford University word. L. _trochlea_, wheel of a -pulley. Gk. τροχιλία, a pulley. See Dict. - -=true,= honest. BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 11; Much Ado, iii. 3. 54; L. L. L. iv. -3. 187; ‘The thieves have bound the true men’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 98; -‘Rich preys make true men thieves’, Venus and Ad. 724. See Wright’s -Bible Word-Book. - -=true-penny,= honest fellow; used familiarly. Hamlet, i. 5. 150; -Fletcher, Loyal Subject, i. 3 (Putskie). - -=trug,= a trull, concubine. Arden of Fev. i. 500; Middleton, Your Five -Gallants, i. 1 (Primero). See Nares. - -=trullibub,= a slut. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre). See -=trillibub.= - -=trump,= a game at cards, similar to our whist. Fletcher, Lover’s -Progress, iii. 2 (Lancelot); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch). - -=truncheon,= the lower part of the shaft of a broken lance. Dryden, -Palamon, iii. 612; ‘Truncheons of shivered lances’, id., tr. of Aeneid, -xi. 16. ME. _tronchoun_, broken shaft of a spear (Chaucer, C. T. A. -2615); Anglo-F. _trunçun_: ‘Sa hanste est fraite, n’en ad que un -trunçun’ (Ch. Rol. 1352). - -=trundle-bed,= a low bed for a servant that ran on castors, drawn out at -night from beneath a higher bed; a synonym of =truckle-bed.= Shirley, -Witty Fair One, iii. 1 (Brains). In prov. use (EDD.). - -=trundle-tail;= see =trindle-tail.= - -=trundling-cheat,= in cant language, a cart. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1 -(Pierce). See =cheat= (2). - -=trunk,= a tube; a speaking-tube, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, i. 1 (Cler.); -a telescope, News from the New World (Printer); a pea-shooter, ‘Wooden -pellets out of earthen trunks’, Middleton, Fam. of Love, iii. 3 (Purge); -Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver); ‘A trunk to shoot in, _syringa_, tubulus -flatu jaculatorius’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; Brome, New Acad. iv. 1. See -Dict. (s.v. Trunk, 2). - -=trunks,= trunk-hose, loose hose, often stuffed with hair. B. Jonson, -Alchem. iii. 2 (Face); Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Strozzo). - -=truss,= to pack close; to fasten up. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 350; ‘Help to -truss me’ (i.e. to tie up the points (strings) of my hose), B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. i. 3 (Stephen). See Dict. - -=trusses, a pair of,= close-fitting leggings; ‘A pair of trusses’ [for -an Irishman], Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1 (near the end). See =trowses.= - -†=trutch sword= (?); ‘For a trutch sword, my naked knife stuck up’, -Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares. - -=trye,= select, refined; ‘Of silver trye’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 26. F. -_trié_, pp. of _trier_, to try, to refine. - -=tuch;= See =touch= (2). - -=tucket,= a particular set of notes on the trumpet used as a signal for -a march (Nares). Also, _tucket-sonance_, Hen. V, iv. 2. 85. Ital. -‘_toccata_ d’un musico, a præludium that cunning musicians use to play, -as it were voluntarily before any set lesson’ (Florio). - -=tuff-taffeta,= a kind of silk. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Hedon). - -=tumbler,= a kind of greyhound used for coursing rabbits; ‘A nimble -tumbler on a burrowed green’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals, ii. 4; B. -Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). A Linc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Tumbler, -3). - -=tumbrel,= a farm-cart used for manure. Marston, Epil. to Pygmalion, 26; -Satire iv. 13. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Tumbril, 1). ME. _tomerel_, a dung-cart (Prompt. EETS. 485, _tumerel_, -494); F. ‘_tombereau_, a tumbrel or dung-cart’ (Cotgr.). - -=tumbrel,= a sort of bumboat, unfit for sailing. Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); iii. 4 (Petruchio). - -=tundish,= a funnel; ‘Filling a bottle with a tundish’, Meas. for M. -iii. 2. 182. A ‘tun-bowl’ or a ‘tun-dish’ was a kind of wooden funnel, -like a small bucket, with hoops round it, and a tube at the bottom, used -for pouring liquids into a cask, in use in Northants, see EDD. (s.v. -Tun, sb.^{1} 3 (2)). - -=tunnel,= the shaft of a fire-place, chimney. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Crispiano), where _chimney_ means fire-place; _tonnell_, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 9. 29; ‘Tonnell of a chymney, _tuyau_’, Palsgrave; see Dict. -(s.v. Tunnel); _tonnels_ used _fig._ for nostrils, B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. i. 3 (Cob). - -=tup,= to cover as a ram. Othello, i. 1. 89; iii. 3. 396. _Tup with_, to -cohabit with, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 33. ‘Tup’ is in -gen. prov. use for a ram in England and Scotland (EDD.). - -=turf.= ‘Turfe of a cap, _rebras_’, Palsgrave (_rebras_ means a turning -up, a tucking upwards or inwards); as vb., to make a turned-up edging -for a hat, ‘The steward would have had the velvet-head (of the stag) -. . . to turf his hat withal’, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 (1 -Woodman). ME. _tyrfe_, the rolling back of a sleeve, ‘revolucio’ -(Prompt. EETS. 483, see note, no. 2350); _tirven_, to roll back -(Havelok, 603). - -=turgion,= the name of a dance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § -12. F. ‘_tourdion_, a turning, or winding about; also, the dance tearmed -a round’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov. _tordion_, ‘sorte de danse’ (Levy). From OF. -_tordre_, to twist. See Croft’s note on the word in the Glossary. - -=Turk.= ‘A valiant Turk, though not worth tenpence’, Middleton, A Fair -Quarrel, iii. 1 (1 Friend); _a Turk of tenpence_ (a term of abuse), -Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore). - -=turken,= to wrest, distort; ‘It turkeneth all things at pleasure’, -Gascoigne. Steel Glass (ed. Arber, 37); _turquened_, pp., id., Pref. to -Poesies; ed. Hazlitt, i. 5. - -=turkis,= the gem turquoise. Milton, Comus, 894. See Dict. - -=turm,= a troop. Milton, P. R. iii. 66. L. _turma_. - -=turment,= a warlike engine; ‘Turmentes of warre’, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 3. OF. _torment_, _tourment_ (Godefroy). Med. -L. _tormentum_, a machine for hurling missiles (Ducange). - -=turnbroch,= a turnspit. _Turnebroche_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 80. 2. F. -_tourne-broche_, a turn-spit, a dog used for turning a spit. - -=Turnbull Street,= a street in Clerkenwell noted for thieves and bad -characters. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 2 (2 Promoter). See Nares. - -=turnpike,= a turnstile that revolved on the top of a post, and was -furnished with pikes. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock). -Also, a revolving frame of pikes, set in a narrow passage to obstruct an -enemy, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode). - -=turquen;= see =turken.= - -=turquet,= (perhaps) a puppet dressed as a Turk. Bacon, Essay 37. - -=turquois,= a quiver; ‘A _turquoys_ that was full of arowes’, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 299, back, 3. OF. _turquois_, _turquais_, Med. L. -_turcasia_, ‘pharetra’ (Ducange); also Norm. F. _tarchais_ (Wace), F. -_tarquai_s (15th cent.). Med. Gk. ταρκάσιον, a quiver; Arab, _tarkâsh_, -of Persian origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, 250. The mod. F. form is -_carquois_. - -=tusk,= to thrust into or beat bushes, to drive out game; ‘Make them -tuske these woodes’, Lyly, Gallathea, iv. 1 (Telusa). - -=tutch;= See =touch= (2). - -=tutsan, tutsain,= all-heal; a species of St. John’s wort; _Hypericum -Androsaemum_; ‘The healing tutsan’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 204; ‘Of tutsan -or parke-leaues’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. 45. It was considered -a panacea for wounds. F. _tutsan_, ‘tutsan, Park-leaves’ (Cotgr.); -_Toute-saine_, ‘Arbrisseau ainsi nommé, parce que ses feuilles, ses -racines, sa semence sont fort utiles en Médecine’ (Dict. de l’Acad., -1786). - -=tutt,= a mark; ‘I toucht no tutt’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 94. -‘Tut(t’ is in prov. use in Yorks. for a mark, bound, a stopping place in -the game of rounders, see EDD. (s.v. Tut, sb.^{7} 2). - -=tutty,= a nosegay. T. Campion, Bk. of Airs, i. 20 (Wks., ed. Bullen, p. -62); ‘Tutty or Tuzzimuzzy, an old word for a nosegay’, Phillips, 1706. -In common use in the south-west: Hants., Wilts., Dorset, Somerset and -Devon (EDD.). See Prompt. EETS., note, no. 2353 on the word ‘Tytetuste’. - -=twagger,= a fat lamb. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9. A Sussex word for -a lamb (EDD.). - -=twankle,= to twangle, to play upon a harp; ‘And twancling makes them -tune’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 646. Cp. _twangling_, Tam. Shrew, ii. -159. ‘Twankle’ is a Warw. word (EDD.). - -=tweak,= a prostitute. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough). - -=tweche:= phr. _to keep tweche_, to keep touch, perform a promise. -Wever, Lusty Juventus, 1. 7; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 47. See EDD. -(s.v. Twitch, vb.^{3}). - -=tweer;= see =twire.= - -=twelve:= phr. _upon twelve_, near twelve o’clock; near the dinner-hour; -‘My stomacke is now much upon twelve’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 -(Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 175. - -=twelvepenny-stool gentlemen,= gentlemen who were allowed to sit upon a -stool upon the stage itself on payment of 12_d._ Middleton, Roaring -Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.). - -=twibill,= a double-bladed battle-axe. Spelt _twibbil_; Stanyhurst. tr. -of Aeneid, ii. 490 (L. _bipenni_, ii. 479). Still in prov. use for a -double-headed axe. see EDD. (s.v. Twybill). OE. _twibill_, a two-edged -axe (Sweet). See =twybill.= - -=twig,= to do anything strenuously, to press (forward); ‘And twigging -forth apace . . . the Egle flue’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 247. A -Yorks. expression, see EDD. (s.v. Twig, vb.^{1} 6). - - =twigger,= a wanton person, a wencher, Marlowe, Dido, iv. 5. 21; - orig. perhaps applied to a ram, Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 28. - -=twiggen,= made of osiers; cased with osiers or wicker-work; ‘A large -basket or twiggen panier’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, b. xvii, c. 10, 5 § 1; -Othello, ii. 3. 152. A Warw. word (EDD.). - -=twight,= to ‘twit’, upbraid. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 12. ME. _atwite_, to -reproach (Laȝamon). OE. _ætwītan_. - -=twight,= to twitch, to pull suddenly; ‘No bit nor rein his tender jawes -may twight’, Mirror for Mag. (Nares); used as pt. t. of _twitch_, -touched, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 259 (L. _tetigit_). ME. _twykkyn_, -‘tractulo’ (Prompt.). OE. _twiccian_, to pluck, catch hold of. - -=twin,= to separate one from the other. The World and the Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 244. So in Scotch use: ‘We should never twin -again, except heaven twin’d and sundered us’, Rutherford’s Life (ed. -1761), 234, see EDD. (s.v. Twin, vb.^{2} 2). - -=twin,= _to be twinned_, to be closely united like twins; ‘True liberty -. . . which always with right reason dwells twinned’, Milton, P. L. xii. -85; B. Jonson, Hue and Cry after Cupid (Vulcan). - -=twink,= a twinkling. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 312; phr. _with a twink_, in a -moment, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Marcella). ‘In a twink’ is in use in -various parts of England and Scotland, meaning in the shortest possible -space of time (EDD.). ME. _twynkyn_ wyth the eye, ‘nicto’ (Prompt.). - -=twire,= to peep, to peep at intervals, to take a stolen glance at a -thing; ‘When sparkling stars twire not’, Sonnet xxviii; ‘To see the -common parent of us all, Which maids will twire at ’tween their -fingers’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 169; -spelt _tweer_, ‘The tweering constable’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s -Tales (ed. Dyce, v. 594). A Wilts. and Berks. word, ‘How he did twire -and twire at she!’ (EDD.). Cp. Germ. dial. (Bavarian) _zwi_(_e_)_ren_, -to take a stolen glance at a thing (Schmeller). - -=twire pipe,= a term of abuse; ‘An ass, a twire pipe, a Jeffery John -Bo-peep’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas). For _twire_, see -above; _pipe_ may be identified with the Yorks. word _pipe_, to glance -at stealthily, see EDD. (s.v. Pipe, vb.^{2}) = F. _piper_, ‘to peke or -prie’ (Palsgrave). See Dict. (s.v. Peep, 2). So that _twire pipe_ is a -reduplicated word meaning a sly peeper. - -=twissell,= the part of a tree where the branches divide from the stock; -‘As from a tree we sundrie times espie A _twissell_ grow by Nature’s -subtile might’, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth to be conjoined, st. 6. -See EDD. (s.v. Twizzle, 8). OE. _twislian_, to fork, branch (Hom. ii. -117); ‘twisil tunge’ (double tongue, Ecclus. v. 14). - -=twitch-box,= said to be the same as _touch-box_, a box containing -powder for _priming_; to _prime_ was to put a little gunpowder into the -pan of an old-fashioned fire-arm. ‘Thy flask [powder-flask] and -twitch-box’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 67. See -=touch-box.= - -=twitter-light,= twilight. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 1 (2 -Court.); Mere Dissemblers, iii. 1 (Dondolo). Cp. the Yorks. expression, -‘He came about the twitter of day’, see EDD. (s.v. Twitter, sb.^{4} 10). - -=twone,= twined; pp. of _twine_. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1. 7; -_twon_, id., Sophonisba, iii. 1 (first stage-direction). - -=twybill,= a kind of mattock or double axe. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 77. See -=twibill.= - -=tyall,= a bell-pull, string, cord; ‘The greate belles clapper was -fallen doune, the _tyal_ was broken’, Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. -172). See =tial.= - -=tydie,= some small bird, a titmouse (?), Drayton, Pol. xiii. 79. ME -_tidif_ (_tydif_), a small bird, perhaps the titmouse (Chaucer, Leg. G. -W. 154). - -=tyne;= see =tine.= - -=tyran, tyranne,= a tyrant. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 98. Hence, -_tyranning_, acting the part of a tyrant, F. Q. iv. 7. 1. F. _tyran_, L. -_tyrannus_, Gk. τύραννος. - -=tysant,= barley-water. Turbervile, Of the divers and contrarie Passions -of his Love, st. 2. ME. _tysane_, ‘ptisana’ (Prompt.). F. ‘_tisanne_, -barly water’ (Cotgr.), L. _ptisana_, pearl-barley, barley-water (Pliny), -Gk. πτισάνη, peeled barley, barley-water (Hippocrates). - - - - - U - - -=ubblye;= see =obley.= - -=uberous,= fertile. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb. ii. 3 (Hengist). L. -_ūber_, fertile. - -=ugsome,= frightful, horrible. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 1007. Hence -_ugsomnes_, terror, ‘The horrour and ugsomenes of death’, Latimer, -Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 185). These words are still in common prov. use -with these meanings in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Ug). ME. -_ugsom_, frightful (Dest. Troy, 877). - -=ulen-spiegel;= see =owl-spiegle.= - -=umbecast,= to consider, ponder. Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 25; bk. -xviii, c. 21. ME. _umbecast_; ‘In his hert can umbecast’ (Barbour’s -Bruce, v. 552). The prefix is _umbe_, OE. _ymbe_, around (see Wars -Alex., Glossary). - -=umbered,= embrowned with umber. Hen. V, v, Chorus, 9. - -=umberere;= see =umbriere.= - -=umbles,= the ‘numbles’, the entrails of a deer; ‘The umblis of -venyson’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1240; Holinshed, i. 204 (Nares); -_fig._ used for a man’s bodily parts, ‘Faith, a good well-set fellow, if -his spirit Be answerable to his umbles’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 1 -(Trapdoor). See =numbles.= - -=umbrana,= a delicate fish. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 1 (Duke). -Nares says: ‘The name of a fish, called also _umbra_; in English, -_umber_ or _grayling_; the _Salmo thymullus_ of Linnaeus.’ Ital. -_ombrina_, ‘an ombre or grailing’ (Baretti), cp. F. ‘_umbre_, an ombre, -or grayling’ (Cotgr.). Mod. L. _umbrae_, ‘tymalli, pisces Hibernis -familiares’ (Ducange). Cp. σκίαινα, the name of a sea-fish (Aristotle). - -=umbratical,= secluded; applied to teachers who wrote in their own -studies; ‘The umbratical doctors’, B. Jonson, Discoveries, lvii. L. -_umbraticus doctor_, a private tutor (Petronius). - -=umbratil,= belonging to the shade; private, secluded. B. Jonson, -Magnetic Lady, iii. 3 (Compass). L. _umbratilis vita_, a retired, -contemplative life (Cicero). - -=umbriere,= the movable visor of a helmet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 42; -iv. 4. 44; spelt _umberere_, Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 7; bk. viii, -ch. 41 (end). O. Prov. _ombriera_, that which gives shade, a tree giving -shade (Levy), deriv. of _ombra_, shade, L. _umbra_. - -=un-,= negative prefix. Often used where mod. E. has _in-_; as in -_un-constant_, _un-firm_, _un-ordinate_; all in Shakespeare. So also -North has _un-honest_ for _dis-honest_, _un-possible_, _un-satiable_. - -=unavoided,= irrefutable. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Physician). - -=unbe,= to cease to be. Nero, iii. 3. 26. - -=unbid,= without a prayer. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54. - -=unbolted,= unsifted, coarse. King Lear, ii. 2. 71. Cp. _bolt_, ‘to sift -flour through a sieve or fine cloth’, in prov. use in the north down to -Derbyshire. OF. _buleter_, to sift (Hatzfeld, s.v. Bluter). - -=uncandied,= dissolved out of a candied or solid condition, Two Noble -Kinsmen, i. 1. 115. Cp. _discandy_, Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 22. - -=uncape;= ‘I warrant we’ll unkennel the fox. Let me stop this way -first—so now uncape,’ Merry Wives, iii. 3. 176. Meaning doubtful. Here -are three conjectures: (1) to uncouple (hounds) so Schmidt; (2) to dig -out the fox when earthed (Warburton); (3) to turn the fox out of the bag -(Steevens). - -=uncase,= to undress. L. L. L. v. 2. 707; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 212. - -=uncharge,= to acquit from a charge. Hamlet, iv. 7. 68. _Uncharged_, -pp., unassailed, Timon, v. 4. 55. - -=unchary,= not careful, heedless. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 222. - -=unclew,= to unwind from a clew; hence, _fig._ to undo, to ruin. Timon, -i. 1. 168. - -=uncoined,= not minted; hence, not used as common coin, unconventional, -simple. Hen. V, v. 2. 161. - -=uncouth,= unknown, unusual, strange, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; iii. 4. -51; Shep. Kal., Sept., 60. Still in prov. use in this sense in the north -country (EDD.). ME. _uncouth_, strange, uncommon (Chaucer, C. T. A. -2497). OE. _uncūð_, unknown, strange (John x. 5). - -=underfong,= to undertake a work, labour, task; ‘And looser songs of -love to underfong’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 22; id., June, 103; to -receive, to take surreptitiously, F. Q. v. 2. 7; _underfang_, Mirror for -Mag., Morindus, st. 6. ME. _underfongyn_, ‘suscipio’ (Prompt.). OE. -_underfōn_, to receive, to undertake a task (B. T.); pp. _underfangen_. -See Dict. M. and S. (s.vv. Underfon _and_ Underfangen). - -=undergo,= to experience; to endure with firmness, Cymbeline, iii. 2. 7; -to suffer, put up with, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 133; to partake of, to enjoy, -Meas. for M. i. 1. 24; to take upon oneself, to undertake, Two Gent. v. -4. 42; to be subject to, ‘Claudio undergoes my challenge’, Much Ado, v. -2. 57. - -=undermeal,= a slight afternoon meal. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 1 -(Cokes). See EDD. (s.v. Undern). ME. _undermele_, ‘post meridies’ -(Prompt. EETS. 508); _undermele tyde_ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, v. 373); -_undermeles_, afternoons (Chaucer, C. T. D. 875); _undern_ + _mele_; -_undern_, the time between noon and sunset. OE. _undern_. See Dict. M. -and S. (s.v. Undern). - -=underset,= to support, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146). ME. -_undersettyn_ or underschoryn, ‘fulcio, suffulcio’ (Prompt. EETS.). - -=undertaker,= a contractor; ‘Let not the government of the plantation -depend upon too many . . . undertakers in the country that planteth’, -Bacon, Essay 33; one who takes upon himself a task or business, Twelfth -Nt. iii. 4. 349; Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 78. Cp. Othello, iv. 1. 224. - -=undertime,= afternoon, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13. For _undern-time_. -See =undermeal.= - -=underwork,= to work secretly against any one; _underwrought_, pp., -undermined. King John, ii. 1. 96. - -=uneath, unneath,= scarcely, hardly, with difficulty. Spenser, F. Q. i. -9. 38; i. 10. 31; i. 11. 4; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 8; _unnethes_, Shep. Kal., -Jan., 6. ME. _uneth_ (_unneth_) scarcely (Wars Alex. 2060, 4801), also -_unethes_ (_unnethes_), id., 4078, 4437; also in Chaucer, see Glossary. -OE. _unēaðe_ (Gen. xxvii. 30). See Dict. M. and S. (s v. Uneaðe). - -=unequal,= unjust. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 1 (Mosca); Massinger, Emp. -of the East, v. 2 (Theodosius); Ant. and Cl. ii. 5. 101; 2 Hen. IV, iv. -1. 102; BIBLE, Ezek. xviii. 25 (_unequal_ = Vulg. _pravus_). See Trench, -Sel. Gl. See =equal.= - -=unexpressive,= inexpressible. As You Like it, iii. 2. 10; Milton, -Christ’s Nativity, 116; Lycidas, 176. - -=unfolding;= ‘The unfolding star calls up the shepherd’, Meas. for M. -iv. 2. 218. The star that by its rising tells the shepherd that it is -time to release the sheep from the fold. [So Collins in his Ode to -Evening, 72, refers to the evening-star as the _folding-star_, the star -rising at folding time: ‘When thy folding-star arising shows His paly -circlet’; cp. Shelley in Hellas, 221, ‘The powers of earth and air Fled -from the folding star of Bethlehem’.] - -=unhappily,= unfortunately, with regret be it said. Meas. for M. i. 2. -160; mischievously, with evil result, Lucrece, 8; evilly, King Lear, i. -2. 157; Sonnet 66. - -=unhappy,= mischievous, evil, trickish, All’s Well, iv. 5. 66; -ill-omened, Cymb. v. 5. 153; wicked, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, Prologue; -waggish, Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 2 (Olympia); unfortunate, Spenser, -F. Q. i. 2. 22. - -=unhatched,= unhacked, not blunted by blows. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 257; -_unhatcht_, unmarked, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 5 (Oriana). -See =hatched.= - -=unhatched,= not hatched, not yet brought to light. Hamlet, i. 3. 65; -Othello, iii. 4. 141. - -=unhele, unheale,= to uncover. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 64; iv. 5. 10; -Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (near end). See =heal= (to cover). - -=unherse,= to take down (arms) from the ‘hearse’, or temporary stand on -which they were placed; part of the ceremony of _baffling_. Spenser, F. -Q. v. 3. 37. See =hearse.= - -=unhouseled,= without having received the last sacrament. Hamlet, i. 5. -77. Deriv. of ME. _housel_ (P. Plowman, B. xix. 390); OE. _hūsl_ -(_hūsel_), the consecrated bread in the Eucharist (Ælfric), Goth. -_hunsl_, ‘sacrificium’ (Matt. ix. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Housel). - -=unicorn’s horn,= a supposed antidote to poison. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). ‘This beast in countenance is cruell and wilde, -and yet notwithstanding mixed with a certaine sweetnes or amiablenes. -His horne is of a merveilous greate force and vertue against Venome and -poyson,’ Blundevile, Exercises; see Bible Word-Book (s.v. Unicorn). - -=unimproved,= not yet used for advantage. Hamlet, i. 1. 96. See -=improve.= - -=union,= a fine pearl. Hamlet, v. 2. 283; Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 231. -Anglo-F. _union_ (Bestiary, 1482); see Rough List; L. _unio_, a single -pearl of a large size. - -=unjust,= dishonest. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 30; BIBLE, Luke xvi. 8. - -=unkind,= unnatural. Spenser, F. Q., iii. 2. 43; King Lear, iii. 4. 73. - -=unlast,= _pp._ of _unlace_, to unfasten. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 39. - -=unlefull,= forbidden. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 61. See =lefull.= - -=unlived,= deprived of life. Lucrece, 1754. - -=unmanned,= unaccustomed to man, untamed, as a hawk. B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, iii. 2 (Karol); Romeo, iii. 2. 14. - -=unmorris’d,= not dressed like a morris-dancer. Fletcher, Women Pleased, -iv. 1 (Soto). - -=un-napt,= not provided with nap, as cloth; hence, unfurnished, -unprovided. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, i. 1. 17. - -=unnethes;= see =uneath.= - -=unowed,= unowned. King John, iv. 3. 147. - -=unperegall,= unequalled. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iv. 5 (end). See -=peregall.= - -=unpregnant,= unapt for business. Meas. for M. iv. 4. 23; _unpregnant -of_, having no intelligent sense of, Hamlet, ii. 2. 595. See =pregnant= -(2). - -=unqueat,= unquiet, disquieted. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 16, -st. 65. See =queat.= - -=unquestionable,= averse from conversation, uncommunicative. As You Like -It, iii. 2. 393. - -=unquod,= unusual, strange; ‘Vnquod manor of crueltee’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Augustus, § 59. A contaminated form, see EDD. (s.vv. Uncouth and -Unkid). In _unkid_ the _-kid_ = OE. (_ge_)_cȳdd_, contraction of -_cȳðed_, pp. of _cȳðan_, to make known. See =uncouth.= - -=unready,= not fully dressed. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 39; _to make unready_, -to undress, Fletcher, Island Princess, iii. 8. 13. See Nares. - -=unrecovered,= irrecoverable. Chapman, Iliad ix, 247. - -=unreduct,= unreduced. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1 (Gerardine). - -=unreproved,= irreproachable. Chapman, Iliad i, 87; ii, 785. - -=unrespective,= devoid of consideration, unthinking. Richard III, iv. 2. -29; used at random, without consideration, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 71. - -=unrude,= rough, violent. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum., iv. 1. Cp. -the obs. Scottish _unrude_ (hideous, horrible, vile), given in Jamieson -(EDD.). ME. _unrüde_ (Stratmann); _unride_ (_unrode_), cruel, rough, -wanton (Wars Alex.). OE. _ungerȳde_, rough, violent, cp. _ungerȳdu_, -‘aspera’ (Luke iii. 5). - -=unseeled,= not fastened up, opened; applied to the eyes. B. Jonson, -Catiline, i. 1 (Cethegus). See =seel.= - -=unshed,= not carefully parted; said of hair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40. -‘To shed’ is in prov. use in the north country for making a parting in -the hair of the head (EDD.). ME. _scheden_, to separate, to part the -hair; _schede_, the parting of a man’s hair (Cath. Angl.); OE. _scēada_, -the top of the head, parting of the hair, _scēadan_, to part, to make a -line of separation between (B. T.). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Scheden). - -=unstanched,= (of thirst) insatiable. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 6. 83. - -=unsuffered,= insufferable. Chapman, Iliad iii, 6. - -=untappice,= to come out of hiding; ‘Now I’ll untappice’, Massinger, A -Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). See =tappish.= - -=untempering,= not having a modifying or softening influence. Hen. V, v. -2. 241; _temper_, to fashion, mould, Richard III, i. 1. 65; Titus, iv. -4. 109. L. _temperare_, to temper, moderate, qualify. - -=untented,= not to be probed by a ‘tent’; hence, incurable. King Lear, -i. 4. 322. See Dict. (s.v. Tent, 2). - -=untermed,= interminable, endless. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, iii. 3 -(Duke). - -=untewed,= not dressed like hemp; hence, not combed out, said of a -sheep’s fleece. Lyly, Endimion, ii. 2 (Sir Tophas). See =tew= (2). - -=unthrift,= prodigal, wasteful. Timon, iv. 3. 311; a prodigal, -good-for-nothing person, Richard II, ii. 3. 122. Cp. the Yorks. -expression, ‘He’s a desperate unthrift’, for a thriftless squanderer, a -good-for-nothing person (EDD.). - -=untraded,= not commonly used. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 178. See =trade.= - -=untrussed,= partially undressed, with the laces of his hose untied. -Middleton, The Witch, v. 1. 2. - -=untwight,= untouched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 345; spelt _ontwight_ -(L. _incolumis_), id., ii. 88. See =twight= (2). - -=unvalued,= inestimable, invaluable. Richard III, i. 4. 27; Fletcher, -Valentinian, i. 2. 19. - -=unwappered,= not jaded, not worn out. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 10. -‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word, ‘Thy horse is wappered out’, i.e. tired -out, quite jaded (EDD.). - -=unwares,= unawares, unexpectedly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 18; -undesignedly, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 62; _at unwares_, unexpectedly, -Gascoigne (ed. Hazlitt, i. 434). - -=unwary,= unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 25. The usual ME. form was -_unwar_; as in Chaucer, used as an adj. unexpected, and as an adv. -unexpectedly. - -=unwist,= unknown, unsuspected. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 26. ME. _unwist_, -unknown (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1294). - -=unwreaken,= unavenged. Tancred and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 86. ME. _wreken_, pp. avenged; _wreke_, to -avenge (Chaucer), OE. _wrecan_, pp. _ge_)_wrecen_. - -=upbraid,= a reproach; ‘He . . . with his mind had known Much better the -upbraids of men’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vi. 389. ME. _upbreyd_, a -reproach (Handlyng Synne, 5843). See Dict. - -=upbray,= to ‘upbraid’, reproach. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 45. In prov. use -in north Yorks. (EDD.). - -=uphild,= _pp._ upheld. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 21. - -=uppen,= to ‘open’, reveal, relate. Golding, Metam. xii. 162; fol. 145, -l. 5 (1603). Cp. the E. Anglian expressions, ‘You didn’t uppen it, did -ye? Be sewer don’t uppen it ta nobody’, where ‘uppen’ means to disclose, -reveal (EDD.). - -=upright men,= ‘vagabonds who were strong enough to be chiefs or -magistrates among their fellows; one of the twenty-four orders of -beggars’ (Aydelotte, p. 27). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 2; Harman, -Caveat (New Shaks. Soc, p. 34). - -=upsey,= in the following combinations: _Upsey-Dutch_, in the Dutch -fashion, B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4 (Subtle), whence the phr. _to drink -upsey Dutch_, to drink to excess, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii 1. 3; -_Upsey-Freeze_, in the Frisian fashion, The Shrift (Nares); Dekker, -Belman; id., Seven Deadly Sins (Nares); _Upsey-English_, in the English -way, Beaumont and Fl., Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen). [Cp. ‘Drink upsees -out’, in the Soldier’s Song in Scott’s Lady of the Lake, vi. 5.] Du. _op -zyn_: _op zyn Engelsch_, after the English fashion (Sewel, s.v. Op). Du. -_zyn_ (now spelt _zin_) = G. _sinn_, sense, meaning. - -=upsitting,= a festival when a woman sits up after her confinement. -Westward Ho, v. 1 (Mist. Tenterhook); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 -(Oldrents); Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, ii. 1 (Valere); ‘_Relevailles -d’une femme_, the upsitting’, Cotgrave. - -=upspring,= the name of a dance. Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘An Almain and an -upspring’, Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Bohemia). - -=ure,= operation, action. Esp. in phr. _to put in ure_, Ferrex and -Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex); Greene. Alphonsus, Prol. (Venus). OF. _ure_, -_eure_, L. _opera_, work, action. See Dict. - -=ure,= destiny; ‘Wherefore he hathe good ure, That can hymselfe assure -Howe fortune wyll endure,’ Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1003. Hence, as vb. -_to be ured_, to be invested with as by a decree of fate, ‘Men nowe a -dayes so unhappely be uryd’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6. See =eure.= - -=usance,= interest paid for money, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 46. A rare meaning -of the word; it gen. means the same as ‘usage’. ME. _usaunce_, custom -(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 683). Norm. F. _usance_, ‘usage, mise en pratique, -exercice d’un pouvoir’ (Moisy). - -=uses,= practical applications of doctrines; a term affected by the -Puritans, and ridiculed by the dramatists. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, -iii. 1 (Needle); Massinger, Emp. of the East, iii. 2 (Flaccilla). - -=utas,= the period of eight days beginning with a festival; hence, -merriment, festivity; ‘Utas of a feest, _octaves_’, Palsgrave; ‘Old -utis’ (i.e. high merriment), 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 22. ‘Utis’ still survives -in prov. use in Worc. in the sense of noise, din: ‘The hounds kicked up -a deuce of a utis’ (EDD.). Anglo-F. _utaves_ (Rough List); L. _octava_ -(_dies_), eighth day; for ecclesiastical use see Dict. Christ. Antiq. -(s.v. Octave). See Dict. (s.v. Utas). - -=utter,= to put forth, put in circulation, offer for sale, put on the -market. L. L. L. ii. 1. 16; Romeo, v. 1. 67; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 330; -Fletcher, Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); Sir T. Elyot, Governour, iii. 30, § -2; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 448. Hence _utterance_, sale, ‘There is no -such speedie utterance of rabbets’, Harrison, Descr. of England, bk. ii, -ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 304). - -=utterance:= in phr. _to the utterance_, to the last extremity, Macbeth, -iii. 1. 72. F. _à outrance_; _combat à outrance_, a fight to the death; -deriv. of _outre_, L. _ultra_, beyond. - - - - - V - - -=vacabonde,= a wandering beggar, a ‘vagabond’; ‘Fraternitye of -Vacabondes’, Awdeley (title of book, 1565). Norm. F. _vacabond_, -‘vagabond’ (Moisy); F. ‘_vacabonds_, vagabonds, rogues’ (Cotgr.). See -Dict. (s.vv. Vagabond _and_ Vagrant). - -=vacate,= to annul, to make void, to make of no authority; ‘That -after-act vacating the authority of the precedent’, King Charles -(Johnson); to render vain, to frustrate, Dryden, Don Sebastian, ii. 1 -(Dorax). Med. L. _vac_(_u_)_are_, ‘inane, irritum et vacuum efficere’ -(Ducange), see Rönsch, Vulgata, 171. - -=vade,= to vanish, pass away; ‘Their vapour vaded’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. -9. 20; ‘How ever gay their blossome or their blade Doe flourish now, -they into dust shall vade’, id., v. 2. 40; Ruines of Rome, xx; Shaks. -Sonnets, liv. 14; to fade, ‘Upon her head a chaplet stood of never -vading greene’, Niccols, Induction, Mirror for Mag. 559 (Nares); Richard -II, i. 2. 20. - -=vah,= an interjection; ‘No, vah! Fie, I scorn it’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, v. 1 (Eyre). - -=vail,= to lower, to let fall; ‘She vailed her eyelids’, Venus and Ad. -956; Hamlet, i. 2. 70; to bow, to stoop, to do homage, Pericles, iv, -Prol. 29. ME. _avale_, to lower (Gower, C. A. viii. 1619). Anglo-F. -_avaler_, to lower (Gower, Mirour, 10306). - -=vails,= _pl._, profits or perquisites that arise to servants besides -their salary or wages. Pericles, ii. 1. 163; Dryden, Juvenal, Sat. iii. -311. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Vail, 2). _Vail_ is a shortened form -for _avail_. ME. _avayle_, ‘profectus, proventus, emolumentum’ (Prompt. -EETS. 17). - -=valance,= a fringe of drapery; ‘Rich cloth of tissue and vallance of -black silk’, Strype, Eccles. Mem., Funeral Solemnities of Henry VIII; a -part of bed-hangings, ‘_Valenzana del letto_, the valances of a bed’, -Florio (ed. 1598). Hence _valanced_, fringed, used _fig._ of a beard, -Hamlet, ii. 2. 442. See Dict. - -=valew,= valour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29; Harington, tr. Ariosto, xiii. -39. F. ‘_valuë_, worth, goodness’ (Cotgr.). - -=valiant,= worth, amounting to in value; ‘Four hundred a year valiant, -worth £400 a year’, Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 1 (Witgood). F. -_vaillant_, ‘a mans whole estate or worth, all his substance, means, -fortunes’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. _valens_, ‘valor, pretium’ (Ducange). - -=vall,= a vale. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 479. F. ‘_val_, a vale’ -(Cotgr.). - -=vallies,= ‘valise’. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (near the end). See -Dict. - -=valure,= value, worth. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 506); Pembroke, -Arcadia (Nares); Mirror for Mag. 280; hence, _valurous_, valuable, -Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (Tamb.). See Dict. (s.v. Valour). - -=vannes,= _pl._ wings, Milton, P. L. ii. 927. Cp. Ital. _vanni_, ‘the -whole wings of any bird’ (Florio). - -=vance,= to ‘advance’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 7. - -=vantbrace,= the ‘vambrace’, armour for the fore-arm, Milton, Samson, -1121; Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 297. F. _avant-bras_, ‘the part of the arm which -extends from the elbow to the wrist; also, a vambrace armour for an arm’ -(Cotgr.). - -=vantguard,= the ‘vanguard’, front rank. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 266. -ME. _vaunt-gard_ (Holinshed, Chron. Edw. III, ann. 1346; F. -_avant-garde_, ‘the vanguard of an army’ (Cotgr.). - -=vapour,= fume, steam; used, like _humour_, to denote a man’s -characteristic quality, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii (passim). See full -account of this use of the word in Nares (s.v.). Cp. the use of the F. -word _vapeurs_. ‘On appelle _Vapeurs_ dans le corps humain, Les -affections hypocondriaques & hystériques, parce qu’on les croyoit -causées par des fumées élevées de l’estemac ou du bas ventre vers le -cerveau’, Dict. de l’Acad. (ed. 1762). - -=vardingale,= a ‘farthingale’. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 434. This is the form in Cotgrave (s.vv. -Vertugalle and Vertugadin). F. _verdugale_ (Rabelais); ‘sorte de -cerceau, panier ou jupon bouffant pour seutenir les jupes’ (Jannet’s -Gloss.). Span. _verdugado_, ‘a Petticoat . . . set out below with a -small Hoop, below with one wider and so wider and wider down to the -Feet, so that it looks exactly like a Funnel’ (Stevens). See =verdugal.= - -=vare,= a wand. Dryden, Absalom, 595. Span. _vára_, a wand (Stevens.) - -=vastidity,= immensity. Meas. for M. iii. 1. 69. - -=vasty,= vast, spacious. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 52. - -=vaunt,= the beginning; ‘Our play leaps o’er the vaunt and firstlings of -those broils’, Tr. and Cr., Prel. 27. _Vaunt-courier_, a forerunner, -King Lear, iii. 2. 25; cp. F. _avant-coureur_, ‘a fore-runner, -avant-curror’ (Cotgr.); see =voward.= F. _avant_, before, used of place -and time. - -=vaut,= to ‘vault’, to leap. Ascham, Scholemaster, 64; Drayton, Pol. vi. -51; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); hence _vawter_, a ‘vaulter’, -tumbler, dancer; used of a wanton woman, Gosson, School of Abuse, 36. - -=vease,= a rush, impetus, great effort, force; ‘Forth his vease he set -withall’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 962. See EDD. (s.v. Fease, sb. 6). -ME. _vese_: ‘Ther-out cam a rage and such a vese that it made al the -gates for to rese’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1985); see NED. (s.v. Feeze). See -=feeze.= - -=vecture,= carrying, conveying, carriage of goods. Bacon, Essay 15, § -11. L. _vectura_, a carrying, conveying, transportation by carriage or -ship (Cicero). - -=veget,= lively, bright; ‘A veget spark’, Cartwright, The Ordinary, iv. -3 (Shape). L. _vegetus_, lively. - -=vegetive,= a vegetable. Pericles, iii. 2. 36; Massinger, Old Law, i -(Nares); as adj. ‘The tree still panted in th’ unfinish’d part, Not -wholly vegetive, and heav’d her heart’, Dryden, Ovid, Metam. bk. i -(Daphne). - -=velure,= velvet. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 62; _vellure_, Beaumont and Fl., -Noble Gent. v. 1 (Nares). F. _velours_, velvet; cp. O. Prov. _velos_ -(Levy), L. _villosus_, shaggy (Virgil); see Hatzfeld. - -=velvet-tip,= the down or velvet upon the first sprouting horns of a -young deer. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Spadone). - -=vena porta,= or _gate-vaine_ (gate-vein), a vein conveying chyle from -the stomach to the liver. Bacon, Essay 19, § 11; 41, § 2. L. _vena_, -vein; _porta_, gate. See =gate-vein.= - -=venditation,= ostentatious display. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxii, Not. -8 (p. 747). L. _venditatio_, an offering for sale, display; _venditare_, -to offer again and again for sale. - -=venerie,= hunting. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 22. ME. _venerye_ (Chaucer, C. -T. A. 166). Anglo-F. _venerie_ (Gower, Mirour, 20314). - -=Venetians,= Venetian or Venice hose. Three Ladies of London, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344; _Venetian-hosen_ (described), Stubbes, Anat. -of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 56). - -=vengeable,= revengeful, cruel, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 6, § -3; Spenser, ii. 4. 30, 46; terrible, ‘Magdeburg be vengeable fellows’, -Ascham, Letter to Raven, 381 (Nares); excessively great, ‘Paulus . . . -was a vengible fellow in linking matters together’, Holland’s Camden, p. -78 (Davies); excessively, ‘The drink is vengeable bitter’, Gascoigne, -Glasse Gov. v. 1 (ed. 1870). See EDD. - -=vent,= a small inn. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess); -Shelton, tr. Don Quixote, Pt. I. ii. Span. _venta_, an inn (Stevens). -Med. L. _venta_, ‘locus ubi merees venum exponuntur’ (Ducange); -_vendita_, see Ducange (s.v. Venda, 1); deriv. of L. _vendere_, to sell. - -=vent,= to vend, sell. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1. 8; a sale, -Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146); Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 27. F. -_vente_, sale. See above. - -=vent,= to snuff up or take in the air; to perceive by scent. B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 118; Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Feb., 75. - -=vent,= to let out, emit, Coriolanus, i. 1. 229; to utter, Ant. and Cl. -iii. 4. 8 (common in Shaks.); to give birth to, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xix. -97. - -=ventages,= small holes for the passage of air in a flute or flageolet, -to be stopped with a finger. Hamlet, iii. 2. 372. - -=ventanna,= a window. Dryden, Conq. of Granada, I. i. 1 (Boabdelin). -Span. _ventana_. - -=ventilate,= _pp._ discussed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § -3. L. _ventilatus_, pp. of _ventilare_, to winnow grain, to toss grain -into the air in order to cleanse it from chaff (Pliny). - -=ventoy,= a fan. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2. 4. F. -‘_ventau_, a fan’ (Cotgr.). - -=ver,= spring. Surrey, Complaint of a Lover, 19 (Tottel’s Misc. 8 and -11); spelt _vere_, ‘The rotys take theyr sap in tyme of vere’, Skelton, -On Tyme, 24. O. Prov. _ver_, ‘printemps’ (Levy), L. _ver_. - -=verdea wine,= a wine made of a green grape; and sold at Florence. -Beaumont and Fl., ii. 1 (Miramont). Ital. _verdéa_, ‘a kind of white -pleasant dainty Ladies wine in Tuscany’ (Florio). - -=verdugal,= a ‘farthingale’; ‘Stiffe bombasted verdugals’, Florio’s -Montaigne (ed. Morley, 1886, p. 273). See =vardingale.= - -=verdugo,= a Spanish word for an executioner, a hangman (Stevens); -hence, _his Verdugo-ship_, a contemptuous expression for a Spaniard, B. -Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face). - -=vespillo,= among the Romans, one who carried out the poor for burial; a -corpse-bearer. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. I, § 38. L. _vespillo_ -(Suetonius). - -=vex,= to be grieved about anything. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1. -7. In prov. use from Worc. to the Isle of Wight, ‘’Er little girl died, -and ’er vex’d and vex’d so’ (EDD.). - -=via!,= away!, move on! Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 11; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, -ii. 3 (Launcelot). Ital. _via_, ‘an adverbe of encouraging, much used by -riders to their horses, and by commanders; go on, away, go to, on, -forward, quickly’, Florio. See Nares. - -=Vice= or =Iniquity,= names for the established buffoon in the old -Moralities; ‘How like you the Vice in the Play?’, B. Jonson, Staple of -News (ed. 1860, p. 388); ‘Thus like the formal Vice, Iniquity, I -moralize’, Richard III, iii. 1. 82. See Schmidt, and Nares (svv. -Iniquity and Vice). - -=vice,= an iron press with a screw for holding things fast, 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 1. 24; to hold one fast as in a ‘vice’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 416. See -Dict. - -=vide-ruff,= an old card-game; obsolete. Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 -(Cranwell). Prob. _vide_ = _vied_, pp. of _vie_, a term in card-playing; -see =vie.= - -=vie,= to hazard or put down a certain sum upon a hand at cards; _to -revie_, to cover that stake with a larger sum; after which, the first -challenger could _revie_ again; and so on. ‘Here’s a trick vied and -revied!’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 (Well-bred); _Vie and -revie_, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, § last; see Gifford’s note. -See below. - -=vie with,= to show in comparison or competition with; ‘So with the dove -of Paphos might the crow vie feathers white’, Pericles, iv, Prol. 33. -ME. _envỳe_, to show in competition (Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 173, MS. -Fairfax). F. _envier_ (au jeu), ‘to vie’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _invitare_ (al -giuoco), to vie at any game (Florio); cp. Span. _envidar_, to invite or -open the game by staking a certain sum (Neuman). See Dict. - -=vild,= vile. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 46; v. 11. 18. A very common form in -Tudor English. - -=viliaco,= a scoundrel. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. v. 3 -(Sogliardo). Ital. _vigliacco_, ‘a rascal, a scurvy scoundrel’ (Florio). - -=vilify,= to hold cheap. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 3 -(Forobosco). Late L. _vilificare_ (Tertullian). - -=villatic,= belonging to a farm; hence, domestic; ‘Tame villatic fowl’, -Milton, Samson, 1695. L. _villaticus_, belonging to a farm. L. _villa_, -a country-house, farm. - -=vine-dee,= a kind of wine. Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). -Supposed to represent F. _vin de Dieu_, or lacrima-Christi. - -=viol-de-gamboys,= a bass-viol, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 27. Ital. _viola di -gamba_, ‘a violl de gamba’ (Florio). So called because placed beside the -leg instead of (like the violin) on the arm. Ital. _gamba_, the leg. See -=de gambo.= - -=virelay,= a lay or song with a ‘veering’ arrangement of the rimes. -Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 365. See Nares. F. _virelay_, ‘a virelay, -round, freemans song’; _virer_, ‘to veer, turn round’ (Cotgr.). - -=virge, verge,= a wand. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 3 (Seriben). F. -_verge_, a rod, wand (Cotgr.). - -=virginals,= an instrument of the spinnet kind, but made rectangular, -like a small pianoforte. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (2 -Citizen); Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown). Also called _a pair of -virginals_, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, ch. iii. Their name was probably -derived from their being used by young girls. Hence, _virginalling_, -lit. playing on the virginals, ‘Still virginalling upon his palm!’, -Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 125 (a word coined in jealous indignation). See -Nares. - -=visage,= to look in the face, gaze on. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, book -ii, c. 2, § 3. ‘_I vysage_, I make contenaunce to one, _Ie visaige_’, -Palsgrave. - -=visitate,= to survey, behold. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 161. - -=vively,= in a life-like manner. Marston, Sophonisba, iv. 1. 154. F. -_vif_. - -=vives;= see =fives.= - -=voider,= a basket or tray for carrying out the relics of a dinner or -other meal. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo); -‘_Mésciróbba_, any great dish, platter, charger, voider, tray or pan’, -Florio; ‘Enter . . . serving-men, one with a voider and a wooden knife’, -T. Heywood, Woman Killed with Kindness (The wooden knife emptied the -remnants of the food into the ‘voider’); ‘Piers Ploughman laid the cloth -and Simplicity brought in the voider’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, i; -‘Voyder, _lanx_’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use for a butler’s tray, or a -large open basket; in west Yorks. it is the usual word for a -clothes-basket (EDD.). - -=volary,= a great cage for birds; ‘(she sits) Like the forsaken turtle, -in the volary Of the Light Heart, the cage’, B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1 -(Prudence). Ital. _voleria_, ‘a volery or great cage for birds’ -(Florio). - -=voley:= phr. _on the voley, o’ the volèe_, inconsiderately. Massinger, -Picture, iii. 6. 1; B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Prudence). F. _à la -volée_, ‘rashly, inconsiderately, at random, at rovers’; _volée_, -flight, _voler_, to fly (Cotgr.). See Nares (s.v. Volée). - -=voluptie,= sensual pleasure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11, § -16; bk. iii, c. 20, § 1. F. _volupté_. - -=volvell,= an instrument consisting of graduated and figured circles -drawn on the leaf of a book, to the centre of which is attached one -movable circle or more; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, -Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1517. Fully described by Dyce, ii. 336. Med. -L. _volvella_, _volvellum_; from L. _volvere_, to revolve. - -=vor, vore;= see =che vor.= - -=vorloffe,= ‘furlough’. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (Picklock). Du. -‘_verlof_, leave, consent or permission’ (Hexham); Dan. _forlov_, leave, -furlough, cp. G. _verlaub_, leave, permission. - -=votaress,= a woman that is under a vow. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 123, -163; _votress_, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 225. - -=vote,= an ardent wish, a prayer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, -iv. 2 (Alcidon); Massinger, Guardian, v. 1 (Severino). L. _votum_, a -desire, an ardent longing (Horace). - -=voward,= for _vaward_, _vanward_, vanguard, North’s Plutarch, M. -Brutus, § 29 (in Shak. Plut., p. 142); id., § 31, p. 147. F. -_avant-garde_, vanguard. See =vaunt.= - -=vowess,= a widow who made a vow to observe chastity in honour of her -deceased husband; ‘In that church (Oseneie) lieth this ladie (Editha, -wife of Robert d’Oyly) buried with hir image . . . in the habit of a -vowesse’, Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, p. 74); -Leland’s Itinerary (ed. Toulmin Smith, Pt. I, 83, 112, 124). In the -church of Shalstone in Bucks. there is a monumental brass to the memory -of Susan Kingstone, step-sister of Sir T. Elyot, on which she is -described as a ‘vowess’; she died in the year 1540. For the widow’s vow -of chastity, see Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, 70, footnote); Fosbrooke, -British Monachism, 510. - - - - - W - - -=wae;= see =woe.= - -=wafer-woman,= a seller of wafer-cakes, freq. mentioned in the -dramatists as employed in amorous embassies; ‘Am I not able . . . to -deliver a letter handsomely? . . . Why every wafer-woman will undertake -it’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, i. 3. 12; Beaumont and Fl., -Woman-hater, ii. 1 (Valerio); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). -Cp. what Chaucer says of _wafereres_ (C. T. C. 479). - -=waff,= to wave, waft; ‘He waffes [wafts] an armie out of France’, -Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iii, ch. 18; _waft_, waved, beckoned; -Merch. Ven. v. 1. 11. Still in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. -Waff, vb.^{1} 1), and in the north Midlands (Dr. Henry Bradley). See -=waft= (2). - -=waft,= a passing smell or taste, a ‘twang’. A Mad World, iv. 3 (near -end); spelt _weft_, ‘Ill malting is theft, Wood-dride hath a weft’ (i.e. -malt wood-dried has a tang), Tusser, Husbandry, § 84. See EDD. (s.v. -Waft, sb.^{1} 3). - -=waft,= to wave; ‘Wafts her hand’, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1 -(Admetus); vol. v, p. 100; to convey by water, King John, ii. 1. 73; 2 -Hen. VI, iv. 1. 116; to invite by a motion of the hand, ‘Whom Fortune -with her ivory hand wafts to her’, Timon, i. 1. 70; Hamlet, i. 4. 78; to -turn quickly, ‘Wafting his eyes to the contrary’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 372; -to float, ‘Satan . . . now with ease wafts on the calmer wave’, Milton, -P. L. ii. 1042. - -=waftage,= passage by water, Tr. and Cr. iii. 2. 11. - -=wafture,= the act of waving; ‘With an angry wafture of your hand’, Jul. -Caes. ii. 1. 246. See =waft= (2). - -=wage,= to stake as a wager; ‘The King hath waged with him six Barbary -horses’, Hamlet, v. 2. 154; King Lear, i. 1. 158; to reward with wages, -Coriolanus, v. 6. 40; to barter, exchange, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 18; to -be opposed in combat, to contend, to strive, ‘To wage against the enmity -o’ the air’, King Lear, ii. 4. 212; Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Valerius); -iii. 2 (Mar. Claudius). - -=wag-halter.= Once a common term for a rogue or gallows-bird, one who is -likely to make a halter wag or shake; ‘A wag-halter page’, Ford, The -Fancies, i. 2; ‘_Baboin_, a trifling, busie or crafty knave; a crack -rope, wag-halter, unhappy rogue, wretchless villain’, Cotgrave. - -=wagmoire,= a quagmire. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130. ‘Wagmire’ was -once in prov. use in Glouc. and Devon (EDD.). From _wag_, to shake, see -EDD. (s.v. Wag, 2). - -=wagpastie,= a term of contempt; a rogue; ‘A little wagpastie, A -deceiver of folkes’, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2. - -=wagtail,= a contemptuous term for a profligate woman. Middleton, A -Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre); Shirley, Traitor, ii. 1 (Sciarrha). - -=waift, weft,= a ‘waif’, a thing cast adrift; used by Spenser of a -person, ‘She was flying like a weary weft’, F. Q. v. 3. 27; vi. 1. 18, -_wefte_, iii. 10. 36; _waift_, iv. 12. 31. - -=wailful,= doleful. Two Gent. iii. 2. 69. - -=waistcoat,= a body-dress for a woman, like a man’s waistcoat; sometimes -very costly. When worn without an upper dress, it was considered the -mark of a profligate woman. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut. ii. 3 -(Leucippe); Woman’s Prize, i. 4 (Livia); Loyal Subject, ii. 4 (Young -Archas). Hence _waistcoateer_, a strumpet, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut. -i. 1 (2 Usher); Wit without Money, iv. 4 (Luce). - -=wake,= the feast of the dedication of a church, originally the vigil -before the festival; the merry-making in connexion therewith; ‘He haunts -wakes, fairs’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 109; ‘At wakes and wassails’, L. L. -L. v. 2. 318; _wake-day_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 90. 5. ‘Wake’ is in prov. -use in various parts of England for an annual festival and holiday, -often connected with the dedication of the parish church; the fair held -at such times was also so called, see EDD. (s.v. Wake, sb.^{1} 8). OE. -_wacu_, a watch, a vigil; cp. _wacana_ (‘vigilias’) in Luke ii. 8 -(Lind.). - -=waker,= wakeful. Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover confesseth him (ed. Bell, p. -66); Golding, Metam. xi. 599; fol. 139, bk. (1603). OE. _wacor_, -wakeful, vigilant. - -=wale:= _the wale of cloth_, the ridge or rib in cloth denoting its -quality; ‘Thou’rt rougher far, and of a coarser wale’, Beaumont and Fl., -Four Plays in One: Triumph of Honour, sc. i (Sophocles); Middleton, -Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Easy). ME. _wale_, a stripe (Prompt.). OE. _walu_, a -weal, mark of a blow (Napier, Glosses). - -=wales,= _pl._ springs of water; ‘To cloudes alofte the wales and waters -rise’, Mirror for Mag., Domitius Nero, st. 11; Golding, Metam. ii. 11. -Probably the same word as _wall_, in prov. use for a spring of water in -Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Wall, sb.^{2} 1). - -=walk the round,= to be one of the watchmen. Massinger, Guardian, iii. 5 -(Severino); to act as a watchman, go the round; B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. -2 (Face). - -=walking mort,= a grown-up unmarried whore; often a pretended widow -(Cant). Described in Harman’s Caveat, p. 67 (Aydelotte, p. 27); cp. -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=wallope,= to gallop. Morte Arthur, leaf 90. 33; bk. v, c. 11. In prov. -use in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _walloppyn_, as an -hors (Prompt. EETS. 538), Anglo-F. _waloper_, to gallop (see Bartsch, -544. 26); _galoper_ (Rough List). - -=walm,= a surge, bubbling up of water. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 87. A -north-country word for ‘a bubbling’ (EDD.). OE. _wælm_, surging water -(Beowulf). - -=walter,= to ‘welter’, roll. Peele, Sir Clyomon, l. 1. Hence -_waltering_, a lolling (as snakes’ tongues), Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, -l. 267 (211 of Latin text); rolling, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 498 -(Latin text). In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of -England and E. Anglia. ME. _walteryn_ (Prompt. EETS. 514). - -†=waltsome,= disgusting, heinous; ‘O waltsome murder’, Mirror for Mag., -Hastings, st. 30. Probably an intended improvement of ME. _wlatsom_, in -an imitation of Chaucer: ‘Mordre is so wlatsom and abhominable’ (C. T. -B. 4243). OE. _wlætta_, disgust, nausea (Sweet). - -=wamble,= to rumble, to roll, to stir uneasily; used of food in the -stomach. Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool); Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2; -‘_Allecter_, to wamble as a queasie stomach doth’, Cotgrave. In prov. -use in Scotland and in various parts of England north and south, see -EDD. (s.v. 1). ME. _wamelyn_ in the stomak, ‘nausio’ (Prompt. EETS. -538). Cp. Dan. _vamle_, to become squeamish, _vammel_, nauseous -(Larsen). - -=wamentation,= lamentation. Fair Em. i. 2. 73. See =wayment.= - -=wan,= a winnowing-fan. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. 163, 164; explained -as ‘a corn-cleanse _fan_’, id., xxiii. 416. L. _vannus_, a -winnowing-fan. See Dict. (s.v. Fan). - -=wanhope,= loss of hope, dejection, despair; ‘Wanhope, poor soule on -broken anchor sits Wringing his armes, as robbed of his wits’, Glaucus -(Nares). Still heard in Lancashire (EDD.). ME. _wanhope_, despair -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 1249). Cp. Du. ‘_wanhope_, dispaire’ (Hexham). - -=waniand:= phr. _in the waniand_, in the waning (moon), i.e. at an -unlucky time; ‘He would . . . make them wed in the waniand’, Sir T. -More, Wks., p. 306 h. ME. _in the waniand_ (Minot, ed. T. Wright, i. -87); ‘In woo to wonne in the wanyand’ (York Plays, p. 124). OE. _on -wanigendum mōnan_ (Leechdoms, i. 320); _wanian_, to lessen, to wane. See -Dict. - -=wanion:= phr. _with a wanion_, with a vengeance, with ill-luck. -Pericles, ii. 1. 17; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); -B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 5; Eastward Ho (Nares). In prov. use in -Scotland and Ireland. See above. - -=want,= to be without, to lack. King John, iv. 1. 99; Coriolanus, i. 3. -90. Very common in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England; ‘We -wanted the plague in Scotland, when they had it in England’ (Scoticisms, -105), see EDD. (s.v. Want, vb. 8). - -=want,= absence of a person; ‘_His present want_’ (= the present want of -him, i.e. his being absent at present), 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 44; Shirley, -Witty Fair One, i. 1. 17. - -=wanty,= a horse’s belly-band; a girth used for securing a load on a -pack-horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. Still in prov. use in various -parts of England from Yorks. to the Isle of Wight (EDD.). OE. _wamb_ -belly + _tīge_, a band. - -=wanze away,= to wane, vanish, disappear; ‘And all the things that liked -him did wanze away’, Golding, Metam. iii. 501; fol. 38, back (1603); -‘Which wanz’d away againe’ (L. _evanuit_), id., vi. 47. ‘Wanze’ is an E. -Anglian word used in the sense of wasting away. ME. _wanson_, ‘or wanyn -as the mone, _decresco_’ (Prompt.); OE. _wansian_, to lessen. - -=wappe,= to lap, used of the sound of water against the rocks, Morte -Arthur, leaf 425. 5; bk. xxi, c. 5. - -†=wappened,= over-worn (so Schmidt). Timon, iv. 3. 38. Probably a -misprint for _wappered_. ‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word for tired, fatigued -(EDD.). See =unwappered.= - -=wapper-eyed,= having quick restless eyes, sore-eyed, blear-eyed. -Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, v. 528. Still in use in Devon and -Somerset (EDD.). - -=war;= see =warre.= - -=ward,= a ‘side’, or compartment of the Counter, or prison. There were -two Counters, one in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street. The Counter -had three ‘wards’ or ‘sides’, the Master’s side, the Two-penny Ward, and -the Hole; and it was not uncommon for the debtors, as their means -decreased, to descend gradually from the first to the last. B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); v. 7 (Macilente). - -=ward,= garrison, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 15; the guard at the gate of a -castle, id., iii. 11. 21; custody, prison, ‘To commit one to ward or -prison, In custodiam tradere’, Baret, Alvearie; BIBLE, Gen. xl. 3; 2 -Hen. VI, v. 1. 112; the guard in a prison, Acts xii. 10 (AV. and -Wyclif). - -=ward,= a guard made in fencing, a posture of defence. Temp. i. 2. 471; -1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215. - -=warden,= a large coarse pear used for baking, Bacon, Essay 46; Wint. -Tale, iv. 3. 48; by pop. etym. a keeping pear; ‘_Poire de garde_, a -warden or winter-pear, a pair which may be kept very long’, Cotgrave; -Beaumont and Fl., Cupid’s Revenge, ii. 3 (Dorialus); spelt _wardon_, -Palsgrave. ME. _wardon_(_e_ (Prompt. and Cath. Angl.). So named from -_Wardon_ (now _Warden_) in Beds. The arms of Wardon Abbey were argent, -three warden-pears, or. See Dict. (s.v. Wardon). - -=warder,= a staff or truncheon carried by one who presided at a -tournament or combat. Richard II, i. 3. 118 (when the ‘warder’ was -thrown down, the fight was stopped). ‘They fight; Robert and the -Palatine _cast their warders_ between them and part them’, Heywood, Four -Prentises (stage-direction); vol. ii, p. 204. - -=ware,= to spend money. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 122; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV -(Hobs), vol. i, p. 43. Very common in the north country; in Yorks. (N. -Riding) they say, ‘He wares nowt, for he addles nowt’, see EDD. (sv. -Ware, vb.^{1} 9). ME. _waryn_ in chaffare ‘mercor’, (Prompt. EETS. 539, -see note, no. 2636). Icel. _verja_, to clothe, to invest money, to -spend. - -=ware,= to bid any one beware; ‘I’ll ware them to mel’ (i.e. I’ll teach -them to beware of meddling), Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv (Parnell); -vol. iv, p. 234. - -=wareless,= unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 22; unwary, heedless, id., -v. 5. 17. - -=warison,= gift, recompense. Morte Arthur, leaf 186, back, 35; bk. ix, -ch. 22. ME. _warisoun_, requital (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1537); _warysone_ -(Prompt. EETS. 516). Norm. F. _guarison_ (_garison_), ‘vivres, moyens de -subsistance’ (Moisy, 500). - -=warke,= work. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 145; F. Q. ii. 1. 32. A -north-country pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Work). - -†=warling= (?), in the proverb, ‘Better be an old man’s darling, than a -young man’s warling’, Barry, Ram. Alley, ii (Adriana); Heywood’s -Proverbs (ed. Farmer, pp. 80, 130). [In Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. -45), ‘snarling’ is the word used instead of ‘warling’.] - -=warp.= ‘A pitchy cloud Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind’ (i.e. -working themselves forward—the metaphor is of a ship), Milton, P. L. i. -341. In Scotland used of the flight of a swarm of bees, see EDD. (s.v. -Warp, vb.^{1} 9). - -=warray,= to harass with war, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 48; Fairfax, Tasso, -i. 6. ME. _warray_, to make war (Barbour’s Bruce, see Glossary); -_werray_ (Wars Alex. 2495); _werreyen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1544). -Anglo-F. _werreier_, to make war (F. _guerroyer_). See Dict. (s.v. War). - -=warre:= in phr. _warre old_; ‘But when the world woxe old, it woxe -warre old (whereof it hight)’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 31. The meaning is -that when the world grew old, it grew _worse_, and that from _warre old_ -or _war-old_, the word ‘world’ is derived; cp. Shep. Kal., Sept., 108, -‘They sayne the world is much _war_ then it wont’. The word ‘warre’ (or -‘war’) is in prov. use in the north country and in Ireland, see EDD. -(s.v. War, adj.^{1}). ME. _werre_, worse (Ormulum, 4898). Icel. _verr_, -adv., _verri_, adj., worse. - -=warrie,= gnarled, knotted. Golding, Metam. viii. 743 (fol. 104; 1603); -also _warryed_, id., xiii. 799. OE. _wearrig_, having callosities, -deriv. of _wearr_, a callosity (Sweet). - -=wary,= to curse. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2266. See EDD. (s.v. Wary, -vb.^{2}). ME. _warien_, to curse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1619), OE. -_wergian_. - -=waryish;= see =werish.= - -=washical,= ‘what shall I call’; a name for a thing that one does not -take the trouble to mention. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 (Hodge). - -=wasp,= used metaph. for a petulant or spiteful person. Tam. Shrew, ii. -1. 210; Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, iv. 3 (1 Swordsman). So used -in Scotland (EDD.). - -=wassail,= a drinking-bout, a carouse; ‘At wakes and wassails’, L. L. L. -v. 2. 318; Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘A wassail candle’, 2 -Hen. IV, i. 2. 179 (a large candle lighted up at a feast). The word -‘wassail’, well known in Yorks. in connexion with old Christmas -ceremonies and festivities; for ample details, see EDD. It was -originally a phrase used at a banquet. In Laȝamon, Rowena presents a cup -to Vortigern with the words _wæs hail_ (_wassail_), a salutation, -meaning ‘be hale, be in good health’. O. Sax. _wes hēl_, be hale: so in -the salutation of the Virgin, _hēl wis thu_ = Ave! (Vulgate, Luke i. -28); so also in Anglo-Saxon Gospels, _hāl wes ðu!_ See Dict. - -=waster,= a cudgel; ‘The youthes of this citie have used on holy dayes -. . . to exercise their wasters and bucklers’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, -p. 36); Mad Men of Gotham, 19 (Nares); _to play at wasters_, Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, iv. 3 (Countryman); Burton, Anat. Mel. (Naros); _to -win at wasters_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 3 (Candido); -‘_Bastone_, any kind of cudgel, waster, or club’, Florio. - -=Wat,= a name for a hare. Venus and Ad. 697; Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 331; -Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use (EDD.). Properly a pet-name for _Walter_ -(_Water_). - -=watch,= a time-piece, clock. Richard II, v. 5. 52. Probably, a candle -marked out into sections, each of which was a certain portion of time in -burning, Richard III, v. 3. 63. - -=watchet,= pale blue. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 40; Marston, Malcontent, -iii. 1 (Bilioso); Drayton, Pol. v. 13. ME. _wachet_, light blue colour -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 3321). See Dict. - -=Water,= a pronunciation of the Christian name Walter, see 2 Hen. VI, -iv. 1. 35. ME. _Wateere_ or _Water_, ‘propyr name of a man, _Walterus_’ -(Prompt. EETS. 517, see note, no. 2530). Anglo-F. _Gualtier_ (Ch. Rol. -2039), Norm. F. _Waltier_. Of Teutonic origin, cp. OE. _Wealdhere_ -(power + army), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 537. - -=water, to lay in;= See =lay= (5). - -=water-gall,= a second rainbow seen above the first; a fragment of a -rainbow appearing on the horizon; Lucrece, 1588. A Hampshire word, see -EDD. (s.v. Water, 1 (50)). - -=water-rug,= a rough kind of water-dog (?). Macbeth, iii. 1. 94. - -=water-work,= painting executed in water-colour; ‘The German hunting in -water-work’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 158. - -=wawes,= waves. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 4. ME. _wawe_, a wave (Chaucer, -C. T. B. 508); ‘a _wawe_ of the see’ (Wyclif, James i. 6). Icel. _vāgr_, -a wave. - -=wax:= phr. _a man of wax_, Romeo, i. 3. 76 (as pretty as if he had been -modelled in wax); so, _a prince of wax_, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, i. -1 (Megra). Cp. ‘a lad of wax’, ‘a man of wax’, in prov. use in Durham -and west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Wax, sb.^{2} 4), where the expressions -are associated with the vb. _wax_ (to grow). - -=waxen,= _pr. pl._, they increase. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 56. The ME. -pres. pl. in the Midland dialect. For the geographical area of the pres. -pl. in _n_, _sn_, see Wright’s English Dialect Grammar, § 435. - -=way,= to go on one’s way, to journey; ‘As they together wayd’, Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 2. 12. - -=way,= to ‘weigh’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 46; ‘Full many things so -doubtfull to be wayd’, id., iv. 1. 7; to esteem, ‘All that she so deare -did way’, id., vii. 6. 55. - -=wayment,= to lament. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 16. ME. _waymenten_ -(Chaucer, C. T. I. 230). Norm. F. _guaimenter_, _waimenter_: ‘Les -virgines d’els ne guaimenterent’ (Ps. lxxvii. 69, ed. Michel, 111); see -Moisy. - -=wealth,= welfare, prosperity. Merch. Ven. v. 1. 249; Hamlet, iv. 4. 27; -‘The thinges that shuld have bene for their welth’ (AV. welfare), Ps. -lxix. 23 (A.D. 1539); ‘wealth, peace and godliness’, Prayer Book -(Collect for King). ME. _welthe_, prosperity, well-being (Gower, C. A. -ii. 1207). - -=weanell;= see =wennel.= - -=wear,= the fashion, that which is worn; ‘It is not the wear’, Meas. for -M. iii. 2. 78. - -=wearish;= see =werish.= - -=weather:= phr. _To make fair weather_, to conciliate another with fair -words, Much Ado, i. 3. 25; 2 Hen. VI, v. 1. 30. Cp. the proverb, ‘Two -women placed together make foul weather’, Hen. VIII, i. 4. 22. - -=weather-fend,= to ‘defend’ from the weather. Tempest, v. 1. 10. - -=weave,= to float backwards and forwards; ‘Amidst the billowes beating -of her, Twixt life and death long to and fro she weaved’, Spenser, F. Q. -v. 4. 10. See EDD. - -=weaver,= a fish, having sharp spines; the _Trachinus draco_, or _T. -vipera_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 167. Cp. ME. _wivere_, a serpent (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. iii. 1010); Anglo-F. _wivre_, a serpent, viper; esp. in -blazon; L. _vipera_, a viper; see Dict. (s.v. Wyvern). - -=web and pin,= a disorder of the eyesight. King Lear, iii. 4. 122; _pin -and web_, i. 2. 291. From _web_, a film; and _pin_, a small spot. In E. -Anglia ‘web’ is used for a film over the eye, see EDD. (s.v. Web, 4). - -=weel,= a wicker trap or basket used for catching eels, &c. Heywood, -Anna and Phillis, vol. vi, p. 309; Tusser, Husbandry, § 36, st. 31. In -gen. prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.). - -=weeld,= the ‘weald’ of Kent; ‘I was born and lerned myn englissh in -Kente in the weeld’, Caxton, Historyes of Troye, preface. See Dict. -(s.v. Weald). - -=ween,= to suppose, think; _wend_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 11. -ME. _wenen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1655); OE. _wēnan_. - -=Weeping Cross.= Nares notes that there were at least three crosses so -named, near Oxford, Stafford, and Shrewsbury respectively. _To come -home_ (or _return_) _by Weeping Cross_, to repent of an undertaking, -Lyly, Euphues, p. 243. - - ‘He that goes out with often losse, - At last comes home by Weeping Crosse,’ - -Howell, Eng. Prov.; Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 22). - -=weerish;= see =werish.= - -=weesel,= weasand, windpipe. Peele, David, ed. Dyce. p. 465, col. 2. -Spelt _wizzel_, Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). Cp. Bavarian -dial. _waisel_, the gullet of animals that chew the cud (Schmeller). - -=wee’st heart,= woe is the heart (of me)! Congreve, Love for Love, ii. 1 -(Nurse). ‘Wae’s t’ heart,’ ‘Wae’s heart of me,’ are Yorks. exclamations; -‘Wae’s my heart’ is of frequent occurrence in Scottish poetry, see EDD. -(s.v. Woe, 2). - -=weet,= wet; ‘Till all the world is weet’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33. -This is a common pronunc. of ‘wet’ in the north country and E. Anglia -(EDD.). ME. _weet_, wet (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4107). OE. _wǣt_. - -=weet,= to know, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 6. Fairfax, Tasso, v. 86. This is -a northern pronunc. of ‘wit’ (to know), see EDD. (s.v. Wit, vb.). ME. -_wetyn_, to know (Prompt. EETS. 545). - -=weft,= see =waft= and =waift.= - -=wefte,= abandoned, avoided, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 36. - -=weird:= in phr. _the weird sisters_, used of the three witches, as -foretelling destiny, Macbeth, iv. 1. 136. The expression is taken from -Holinshed’s Chronicle of Scotland; it was used by Gawin Douglas (Virgil, -80, 48) for the Parcae or Fates; ‘_Cloto, una de tribus parcis quae -finguntur regere vitam hominis, anglice_, one of the thre Weyrde -systers’, Pynson’s Ortus Vocabulorum (ed. 1509). See Grimm, Teut. Myth. -407. See =werd.= - -=weld,= to wield, govern. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 32; vi. 8. 11; Shep. -Kal., Oct., 40; to wield, to carry, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 4. 35; _to -weld oneself_, to erect oneself, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 699 (L. _se -tollit_). ME. _welden_, to wield, to control (Chaucer, C. T. D. 271), to -move with ease (C. T. D. 1947). - -=welk,= to fade, to grow dim (of the sun in the west). Spenser, F. Q. i. -1. 23; to cause to grow dim, ‘But nowe sadde Winter welked hath the -day’, Shep. Kal., Nov., 13. Cp. prov. use of ‘welk’ in the sense of to -fade, to wither (used of plants, see EDD., s.v. Welk, vb^{1}). ME. -_welke_, to wither (Chaucer, C. T. D. 277). Cp. G. _welken_, to wither. - -=welked,= withered, faded; ‘Her wealked face with woful teares -besprent’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 12. ME. _welked_, -withered (Chaucer, C. T. D. 277). - -=welked,= curved, twisted, applied to horns; ‘Welked horns’, Golding’s -Ovid, occurring three times, pp. 60, 107, and 122 (ed. 1603); ‘Hornes -welkt and waved like the enraged Sea’, King Lear, iv. 6. 71; ‘And -setting fire upon the welked shrouds’ (i.e. the curved clouds), Drayton, -Barons’ Wars, vi. 39 (Nares). - -=welkin,= the sky; ‘Look on me with your welkin eye’ (i.e. heavenly or -sky-blue eye), Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 136. ME. _welken_, the sky (Chaucer, -Hous F. iii. 1601). OE. _wolcen_, a cloud, also _wolcnan_, clouds. Cp. -G. _wolke_, a cloud. - -=well-a-near,= alas!, alack-a-day!; - - ‘The poor lady shrieks, and well-a-near, - Does fall in travail with her fear,’ - -Pericles, iii, Prol. 51; Look about You, sc. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -vii. 397. An obsolete north-country exclamation—written _well-aneer_ -and _well-an-ere_ (EDD.). - -=well-liking,= in good condition, plump, L. L. L. v. 2. 268; ‘They . . . -shalbe fatt and well lykenge’, Ps. xcii. 13 (Great Bible, 1539). - -=well said!,= really meaning ‘well done!’, Westward Ho, ii. 2 -(Birdlime). Common. - -=Welshman’s hose.= Nares takes this to mean ‘no hose at all’, as -denoting something non-existent or wholly indefinite; but perhaps the -Welshman of the phrase was accused of wearing his ‘hose’ hind part -before; ‘The lawes wee did interprete and statutes of the land, Not -truely by the texte, but newly by a glose: And wordes that were most -playne, when they by us were skand, Wee tourned by construction to a -Welshman’s hose’, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 15. - -=wend;= see =ween.= - -=wennel,= a weaned animal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20, 28; ‘A lamb or a kid -or a weanell wast’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 198 (_weanell wast_ -prob. means ‘a stray weanling’). ‘Wennel’ is an E. Anglian word for a -weaned calf (EDD.). - -=went,= a path, a way; ‘Tract of living went’ (i.e. trace of living way, -of any way which living men use), Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; v. 4. 46; v. -6. 3. ‘Went’ in many applications is in prov. use in many parts of Great -Britain; see EDD. ME. _wente_, a way, passage (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. -787). - -=werd,= fate, destiny; ‘The wofull werd’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., -Induction, st. 63. In prov. use in this sense in Scotland, see EDD. -(s.v. Weird, 1). ME. _werd_, fate, destiny (Wars Alex. 3247); _werdis_, -destinies (Barbour’s Bruce, ii. 329). OE. _wyrd_, fate, destiny; -_Wyrde_, the Fates. Parcae, The Weird Sisters (B. T.). Icel. _Urðr_ (in -poetry), one of the Norns, see Grimm, Teut. Myth, 405. See =weird.= - -=werish,= tasteless, insipid; ‘Dawcockes, lowtes, cockescombes and -blockhedded fooles were . . . said _betizare_ to be as werishe and as -unsavery as beetes’, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 85; ‘Werysshe as -meate is that is nat well tastye, _mal savouré_’, Palsgrave; _wearish_, -weak, delicate, puny, sickly-looking, ‘A wretched wearish elfe’, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 34; _weerish_, Drayton, Pol. xxix. 62; _waryish_, -Golding, Metam. ii. 776. See Nares (s.v. Wearish). In prov. use, in many -forms, in various parts of Great Britain, see EDD. (s.v. Wairsh). - -=werwolf,= a man changed into a wolf by enchantment; ‘She made hym seuen -yere a werwolf’, Morte Arthur, leaf 397, 17; bk. xix, c. 11; _warwolf_, -Drayton, Man in the Moon, 13. ME. _werwolf_ (Will. of Palerne, 80), MHG. -_werwolf_, a man-wolf; cp. Med. L. _gerulphus_ (Ducange), OF. _garou_, -cp. F. _loup-garou_ (Hatzfeld). See Dict. - -=wetewold,= a ‘wittol’, a contented cuckold. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -187; Assembly of Gods, 710 (see Notes by Dyce, on Skelton, ii. 305). See -=wittol.= - -=wet finger:= phr. _with a wet finger_, easily, readily. Beaumont and -Fl., Cupid’s Revenge, iv. 3 (Citizen); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. -5; id., Gul’s Hornbook; Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 95; see -Word-List). It prob. means as easy as turning over the leaf of a book, -or rubbing out writing on a slate with a wet finger, or tracing a lady’s -name on the table with spilt wine (Farmer). - -=wethering,= weathering, seasoning due to exposure to weather. Latimer, -Sermon on the Ploughers (ed. Arber, p. 24). In prov. use in Norfolk, see -EDD. (s.v. Weather, vb. 8). - -=wexing,= waxing (as the moon). Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 4. ME. _wexe_, -to grow (Wyclif, Matt. xiii. 30). - -=wharrow,= a little instrument fixed on a spindle for the string of the -‘turn’ to run in; a small pulley on a spindle. Skelton, El. Rummyng, -298. See passage from Guillim’s Display of Heraldry (ed. 1724, p. 300), -quoted in EDD. (s.v.). Cognate with OE. _hweorfa_, the ‘whorl’ which -helps to turn the spindle (B. T.). - -=what,= whatsoever thing; ‘Such homely what as serves the simple -clowne’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 7; ‘Come downe and learne the little what -that Thomalin can sayne’, Shep. Kal., July, 31. - -=whelk,= a pimple, blotch. Hen. V, iii. 6. 108. A Derbyshire word, see -EDD. (s.v. Whelk, sb.^{2}). ME. _whelke_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 632). - -=when,= (?) an exclamation of impatience. Short for ‘_when_ will you do -what is bidden you?’, Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); iv. 2 -(Bosola). Common. - -=whe’r,= whether. Often spelt _where_. Tempest, v. 1. 111; King John, i. -1. 75. - -=where,= whereas; wherever; whence. L. L. L. ii. 1. 103; Mids. Night’s -D. v. 1. 93; Hen. V, iii. 5. 15. - -=whereas,= where that, where. 2 Hen. VI, i. 2. 58; Pericles, i. 4. 70. -Not uncommon. - -=where-some-ere,= wheresoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 2. G. -_Wheresomever_ is heard in Lanc. (EDD.). - -=wherrit, whirrit,= a blow, a thump, a smart box on the ear. Fletcher, -Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet); ‘A whirret on the eare’, Kendall, Flowers -of Epigrammes’ (Nares). Still in prov. use in the north (EDD.). - -=wherry;= see =whirry.= - -=whether,= which of the two. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 352, ‘Whether of -them twayne’, Tyndale, Matt. xxi. 31. - -=whether whether were,= which was which. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 10. - -=whether,= whither. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 35. - -=whew,= to whirl, to hurry; ‘I whew it away’, Buckingham, The Rehearsal, -ii. 4. 7. So in the Lake country, ‘He whew’d his clog throo t’window’, -see EDD. (s.v. Whew, vb.^{2} 2). - -=whiblin,= a trick, device. Marston, Insatiate Countess, ii. 2 (Rogero). -Cp. =quiblin.= Cp. the obsolete Dorset word ‘whibble’, to lie (EDD.). - -=whiblin,= an impotent creature; a term of contempt. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo). See =whimling.= - -=whids,= words; _to cut bene whids_, to speak good words (Cant). -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). [_A rousing whid_, a great lie, -Burns, Death and Dr. Hornbook, st. 1.] The Slang Dict. (1874) says that -_whid_ for a ‘word’ or a ‘falsehood’ is modern slang from the ancient -cant. - -=whiff,= a special way of taking tobacco; ‘Capers, healths, and whiffs’, -Marston, What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure); _taking the whiff_, B. -Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, Character of Shift (prefixed to the -play). - -=whiffler,= an officer who clears the way for a procession. Henry V, v, -chorus, 12; Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 523. ‘Whifflers’ (fifers) -usually went first in a procession; the term was then applied to those -who went forward (without any musical instrument) to clear the way for -the procession of a sovereign or of a city corporation. See Nares; and -EDD. (s.v. Whiffle, vb.^{1} 1 (2)). - -=whiffler,= a puffer of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 -(Chough). - -=whig,= whey, sour milk, buttermilk. Greene, Description of the -Shepherd, l. 29; ed. Dyce, p. 304. Cp. the Linc. expression, ‘As sour as -whig’ (EDD.). - -=whigh-hie, wi-hee,= a sound imitative of the neighing of a horse. B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Sogliardo); Fletcher, Women -Pleased, iv. 1 (Bomby). Hence, _wyhee_, v., to neigh; Marston, The Fawn, -iv. 1 (Dondolo). - -=while,= until. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.). Macbeth, iii. 1. -44; Richard II, i. 3. 122; see Schmidt. Very common in the north, also -in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. While, 6). - -=whiles,= until; ‘Whyles tomorowe’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 83; Twelfth -Nt. iv. 3. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Whiles, 4). - -=whimling= (a term of contempt), a poor creature. Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Mother). Probably the same word as ‘wimbling’, also -written ‘whimbling’, used in the Midlands of plants that are long, thin, -and of feeble growth, see EDD. See =whiblin= (2). - -=whimp,= to whimper; ‘Wil whympe and whine’, Latimer, Sermons (ed. -Arber, p. 77). Cp. the prov. words ‘wimp’ and ‘whimper’ in EDD. - -=whip,= to move quickly. Sackville, Induction, st. 5; Much Ado, i. 3. -63; _to whip out_, to draw out quickly, ‘He whips his rapier out’, -Hamlet, iv. 1. 10. See EDD. - -=whip-cat,= drunken; ‘_Whip-cat_ bowling’, drunken emptying of bowls, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 367. See Halliwell. In Worc. a -‘whip-cat’ means a farmer’s feast after bean-setting, see EDD. (s.v. -Whip, 1 (4)); ‘To whip the cat’, to get tipsy (Halliwell). - -=whip-her-ginney,= the name of a game of cards. Mentioned in Taylor’s -Works (Nares). Spelt _whip-her-jenny_, ‘a game at cards, borrowed from -the Welsh’, Halliwell. - -=whip-her-jenny,= a term of contempt, Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Coomes); -Halliwell. - -=whip-jack,= a sham sailor who begs. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Moll); used as a term of reproach generally, ‘One Boner, a bare whippe -Jacke for lucre of money toke upon him to be thy father’, Bp. Ponet in -Maitland on Reformation, p. 74. [‘Sir Charles Grandison is none of your -gew-gaw whip-jacks that you know not where to have’, Richardson, -Grandison, vi. 156.] See Davies. - -=whipstock,= the handle of a whip. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 28; Two Noble -Kinsmen, i. 2. 95. Also, a carter; as a term of abuse, Tomkis, -Albumazar, iv. 4 (end). The equivalent term _whipstalk_ occurs in the -Spanish Tragedy (Nares). - -=whirlbat,= a ‘cestus’, or weighty boxing-glove. Dryden, Pref. to -Fables, § 3 from end. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, viii. 285; written -_whoorlbat_, id., Iliad xxiii, 538. See Davies (s.v. Whirly-bat). - -=whirlpit,= a whirlpool. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 223; Sandys, -Paraph. Exod. xv; Marmyon’s Fine Companion; Holland, tr. Ammianus -(Nares). - -=whirlpool,= a sea-monster of the whale kind; perhaps the cachalot or -sperm-whale, which is distinguished from other whales by its peculiar -manner of blowing; ‘A whale or a whirlepoole’, BIBLE, Job xli. 1 -(marginal rendering of Leviathan); Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 23; ‘_Tinet_, -the Whall tearmed a Horlepoole or Whirlepoole’, Cotgrave; Holland’s -Pliny, bk. ix, ch. 3; spelt _wherlpoole_, Drayton, Pol. xx. 100; -_wherpoole_, id., xxv. 174. See Wright, Bible Word-Book. - -=whirry,= to whirl along, to whirl away, to hurry off, Stanyhurst, tr. -Aeneid, iii. 611; _wherry_, Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Agripyne); -_whurry_, Taylor’s Works (Nares); _whorry_, Herrick, To Bacchus, a -Canticle. See EDD. (s.v. Whirry, vb. 3). - -=whisket,= a pandaress, The London Chanticleers, sc. 2 (Jenniting). - -=whiskin,= a wanton person, Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1 (Secco); a -pandaress, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iv. 2 (Steward). See -=pimp-whiskin.= - -=whist,= to keep silence; ‘They whisted all’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1; -‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1; put to silence, ‘So was -the Titanesse put downe and whist’, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 59; as adj., -still, silent, ‘Where all is whist and still’, Marlowe, Hero and L. -(Nares); ‘All the companie must be whist’, Holinshed, Desc. of Ireland -(ed. 1808, p. 67); ‘The winds with wonder whist’, Milton, Hymn Nat. 64; -_whistly_, silently, Arden of Feversham, iii. 3. 9. ME. _whist!_ -(Wyclif, Judges xviii. 19). See =whust.= - -=whister,= a blow; _Whisterpoop_, a smart blow or smack on the ear or -‘chops’, London Prodigal, ii. 1. 68 [A Linc., Somerset, and Devon word -(EDD.)]; _Whistersnefet_, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 72 [Cp. -_whistersniff_, a Hampshire word (EDD.)]. See Davies. - -=white,= the central circle on an archery butt. Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 186; -‘_Blanc_, the white or mark of a pair of butts; _Toucher au blanc_, to -strike the white, to hit the nail on the head’, Cotgrave. - -=white,= used in expressions of endearment: _white boy_; ‘Such a brave -sparke as you, that is your mother’s white boy’, Two Lancashire Lovers -(Nares); Knight of the Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Ford, -’Tis Pity, i. 3; Yorkshire Tragedy, iv. 120; Two Angry Women, iii. 2 -(Mall); ‘I shall be his little rogue and his white villain’, Return from -Parnassus, ii. 6 (end). - -=whitemeat,= food made of milk, eggs, bread, and the like. Northward Ho, -i. 2 (Philip); B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv. 1 (Fallace); used -attrib. and metaph., ‘Your whitemeat spirit’, Beaumont and Fl., Four -Plays in One, Pt. II, sc. 2. 13. - -=white money,= silver coin. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 -(Galatea). In use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1. 160). - -=white-pot,= a dish made of milk, eggs, and sugar, &c., boiled in a pot. -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre); Butler, Hud. i. 1. 299; -Spectator, No. 109, § 4. ‘Whitpot’ is the name of a favourite dish in -Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1 (64)). See Nares. - -=white powder,= a white kind of gunpowder. It does not appear to have -existed; but there was a theory that a white gunpowder would explode -without noise. Discussed by Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. ii, ch. 5, -sect. 5. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Laverdine). See -Nares. - -=whiting-mop,= a young whiting. Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, ii. 2; -metaph. a fair lass, Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2. So _whiting_, Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 223. - -=whiting-time,= bleaching-time. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 140. - -=whitleather,= white leather, leather dressed with alum, and very tough. -Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘In thy whitleather hide’, Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless). - -=whitster,= a bleacher of linen. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 15; Pepys, Diary, -Aug. 12, 1667; _whitstarre_. Palsgrave. ‘Whitster’s Arms’ is still a -common alehouse sign in Lanc. (EDD.). ME. _whytestare_, ‘candidarius’ -(Prompt. EETS. 526, see note, no. 2565). See Bardsley’s Surnames, 328, -329. - -=whittle,= a small clasp-knife. Timon, v. 1. 183; Middleton, The Widow, -iii. 2 (Francisco). In gen. prov. use in this sense, see EDD. (s.v. -Whittle, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _thwitel_, a knife (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3933), -deriv. of _thwiten_, to pare or cut little pieces from a thing; OE. -_þwītan_, to cut out, cognate with Icel. _þveit_, a piece of land, -common in place-names in the north of England, e.g. Seathwaite, -Langthwaite, Postlethwaite. - -=whittled,= drunk, intoxicated. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 2 (Lucio); -_whitled_, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 498, l. 4. See Nares. Given as an -obsolete prov. word in use in the north of England (EDD.). Cp. the slang -term ‘cut’ for tipsy, somewhat drunk, see EDD. (s.v. Cut, ppl. adj.). - -=whome,= home; ‘He wil paye whome’, Latimer, pref. to 2 Sermon bef. King -(ed. Arber, p. 48). So pronounced in Wilts. and Shropshire; in north -Devon ‘whum’, see EDD. (s.v. Home). - -=whoobub,= hubbub. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 629; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 5. (or -6) 35; _whobub_, Beaumont and Fl., iv. 1 (Soto). - -=whoop!,= an exclamation. King Lear, i. 4. 245; Hence, _to whoop_, ‘The -shepheard whoop’d for joy’, Drayton, Shepherd’s Garland; ‘We are -whoop’d’ (i.e. cried ‘whoop’ upon), Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 -(Franio). - -=whoorlbat;= see =whirlbat.= - -=whorry;= see =whirry.= - -=who-some-ere,= whosoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1. 15. So also -_where-some-ere_, wheresoever, id., i. 2. 6. A parallel formation to -_whosoever_, with the Icel. conj. _sem_ (Norw. dial., Danish and Swedish -_som_), as, that, sec EDD. (s.v. Howsomever). - -=whot, whott,= hot. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 58; ii. 5. 18. - -=whule,= to cry plaintively, to whine, howl. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xii. 135; Palsgrave, p. 785. A Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Whewl). - -=whurry;= see =whirry.= - -=whust,= to keep silence; ‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. -1; to leave anything unsaid, ‘The libertie of an hystorie requireth that -all shoulde bee related and nothing whusted’, Holinshed’s Chronicles -(Nares); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 357. See =whist.= - -=wicker,= pliant; ‘Bird! how she flutters with her wicker wings!’, B. -Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Æglamour). - -=widow,= to endow with a widow’s right, to jointure. Meas. for M. v. 6. -153. - -=widowhood,= a widow’s right, a jointure. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 125. - -=wigher,= to neigh as a horse. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. -2 (Dindimus). Cp. G. _wiehern_, to neigh. - -=wight, wyght,= active. Morte Arthur, leaf 172, back, 30; bk. ix, c. 4; -‘Wyght or stronge, _fort_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91. -In prov. use in the north of England (EDD.). ME. _wight_, active -(Chaucer, C. T. B. 3457). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Wight). - -=Wild:= _the Wild of Kent_, the Weald of Kent, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 60; ‘I -was borne in the wylde of Kent’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 268). In EDD. -we find that the Weald of Sussex is always spoken of as _The Wild_ by -the people who live in the Downs, and the inhabitants of the Downs call -the dwellers of ‘The Wild’ _the wild people_. ‘The Wild of Surrey’ is -described in Marshall’s Review (1817, v. 355). The same word as the adj. -‘wild’, see Dict. (s.v. Weald). - -=wildered,= bewildered. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 682. In prov. use -in Scotland (EDD.). - -=wilding,= a crab-apple. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Maudlin); Warner, -Albion’s England, iv. 20. Still in prov. use in the Midlands and in the -west country (EDD.). - -=will,= to desire, signify one’s will to. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt -(Arundel), ed. Dyce, p. 188; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 50. - -=willow,= worn as an emblem of unhappy love. Much Ado, ii. 1. 194, 225; -‘Wear the willow garland’, 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 100; ‘A green willow must -be my garland’, Othello, iv. 3. 50. - -=wilsome, wylsome,= wandering, devious; ‘Wylsome wayes’, Morte Arthur, -leaf 124. 11; bk. vii, c. 22. In Scotland ‘wilsome’ is used in the sense -of bewildered, lonely, dreary, desolate; see EDD. (s.v. Will, adj. 1 -(3)). ME. _wylsum_: ‘Mony wylsum way he rode’ (Gawayne, 689); _wilsom_ -(Wars Alex. 4076, 5565). Icel. _villr_, bewildered, erring, astray. - -=wimble,= quick, lively, active. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91; -Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Feliche). In prov. use in the north of -England and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Wimble, adj.). - -=winbrow,= an eyebrow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 12. Low G. -_winbrāwe_, an eyebrow (Lübben); cp. OHG. _wintbrāwa_, _wintbrā_, -_winbrā_, an eyebrow (Schade). - -=windlace,= a winding or circuitous way; ‘By slie driftes and windlaces -aloofe’, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 46; ‘Fetching a windlesse’, -Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 270); _windlasses_, pl., Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; -spelt _winlas_, Golding, Metam. vii. 784 (= L. _gyrum_). - -=windore,= a window. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 59; Diogenes, § -120; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 369. Still heard in Glouc. (EDD.). - -=window-bars,= lattice-work, cross-work of narrow bands across a woman’s -bosom. Timon, iv. 3. 116. - -=wind-sucker,= a kestrel; used _fig._ for a covetous person. B. Jonson, -Sil. Woman, i (end). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Wind, sb.^{1} 1 (40)). -See Nares. - -=winlas;= see =windlace.= - -=winter-ground,= to cover up in the ground so as to protect plants from -the winter; ‘Furr’d moss . . . To winter-ground thy corse’, Cymbeline, -iv. 2. 229. - -=wirt,= a smart box on the ear. North, Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 6 (in -Shaks. Plut., p. 112). See =wherrit.= - -=wis;= see =iwis.= - -=wish,= to commend one to another. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 113; Match at -Midnight, iv. 1 (Sim). - -=wishly,= with eager desire; ‘To putte on his spectacles and pore better -and more wishely with his olde eyen on Saynt Johns ghospell’, Sir T. -More, Works, p. 1134 (Richardson); Palsgrave, p. 613. - -=wisket,= a small basket; ‘Wysket, _sportula_’, Levins, Manipulus. In -prov. use in various parts of England; see EDD. - -=wistly,= attentively, observingly; ‘She . . . wistly on him gazed’, -Lucrece, 1355; Venus and Ad. 343; Passionate Pilgrim, 82; Richard II, v. -4. 7. Perhaps the same word as _whistly_, silently, and so, with mute -attention. See =whist.= - -=wit:= _The five wits_, the five faculties of the mind, common sense, -imagination, fancy, estimation, memory, Much Ado, i. 1. 67; Sonnet cxli, -9. See Nares. - -=wit,= to know. Greene, James IV, iv. 2. 3; Pericles, iv. 4. 31; 1 Hen. -VI, ii. 5. 16. ME. _witen_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1324). OE. _witan_. -See =wist, wot.= - -=wite,= to blame. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 16; Shep. Kal., Aug., 136; -_wite_, blame, F. Q. vi. 3. 16. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and -in the north of England (EDD.). ME. _witen_ (_wyten_), to blame, -reproach (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 825), OE. _wītan_. - -=with, wyth,= a twisted band of willow; ‘A wyth take him!’ (i.e. hang -him—said of an Irishman), Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iii. 2 (1 -Servant); ‘An Irish Rebell condemned, put up a Petition to the Deputie, -that he might be hanged in a With, and not in an Halter, because it had -beene so used with former Rebels’, Bacon, Essay 39. In prov. use; see -EDD. (s.v. With, sb.^{1}). See Dict. (s.v. Withy). - -=withal= = with, as placed at the end of the sentence. As You Like It, -iii. 2. 328; used in the sense of likewise, besides, at the same time, -BIBLE, 1 Kings xix. 1; Ps. cxli. 10; Acts xxv. 27; ‘Though he be merry, -yet withal he’s honest’, Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 25; Bacon, Essay 58; phr. -_to do withal_, ‘They fell sick and died: I could not do withal’ (i.e. I -could not help it), Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72; Northward Ho, iv (Doll); -Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 2 (Urse). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=withdrawing-chamber,= (the modern) drawing-room. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 24). - -=witness,= a sponsor in Baptism, a godfather or godmother. B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Littlewit); Magn. Lady, iv. 3. 16. So in Devon -(EDD.). - -=wittol,= a tame cuckold knowing himself to be so. Merry Wives, ii. 1. -3; B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 1 (Mosca); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, -iii. 2 (Gomere); ‘_Jannin_, a wittall, one that knows and bears with or -winks at his wife’s dishonesty’, Cotgrave. Bp. Hall uses the form -_witwal_, which may be the older form, ‘Fond wit-wal, that wouldst load -thy witless head With timely horns before thy bridal bed’ (Sat. i. 7. -17). The word orig. was a name for the green woodpecker, ‘_Godáno_, a -witwall, a woodwall’, Florio. The ‘witwall’, like the cuckoo, was the -subject of ribald jests. In Cheshire and Glouc. ‘witwall’ is a name for -the woodpecker; in Suffolk a contented cuckold is called a ‘wittol’; see -EDD. See =wetewold.= - -=wizzel,= weasand, windpipe. The City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). See -=weesel.= - -=woe,= sad, sorrowful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 53; Temp. v. 1. 139; 2 Hen. -VI, iii. 2. 73. In the north country very common in prov. use, -pronounced _wae_: ‘I would be wae for the wife’s sake’, see EDD. (s.v. -Woe, 3). - -=woman-tired,= henpecked; ‘Thou art woman-tired, unroosted by thy dame -Partlet here’, Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 74. - -=wondered,= gifted with power to perform miracles; ‘So rare a wonder’d -father’, Temp. iv. 1. 123. - -=wone, won,= spellings of one; ‘Let no suche a wone prepare unto himself -manye horsses’; Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 32); ‘Att _won_ houre’, -Tyndale, Rev. xviii. 10 (1526). So also _wons_, once; Qu. Elizabeth, tr. -of Boethius, bk. i, met. 3. See Index to Wright’s English Dialect -Grammar (s.v. One). - -=wonne,= to dwell. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; iii. 1. 2; _wonned_, pt. t. -Shep. Kal., Sept., 181; _woon_, pr. t. subj. dwell, may dwell; Virgil’s -Gnat, 18. ME. _wone_, to dwell (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1573), OE. _wunian_, -to dwell. - -=wonne,= dwelling, habitation. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 20 ME. _wone_, a -dwelling (P. Plowman, C. iv. 141). - -=wood,= mad, furious with rage or temper. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 192; 1 -Hen. VI, iv. 7. 35. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of -England down to Linc. (EDD.). ME. _wood_, mad (Chaucer, C. T. A. 184). -OE. _wōd_. - -=wood-bind,= woodbine. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Cornelio); -_wood-bind tree_, id., iv. 2 (Felice); Drayton, Pol. xv. 152. ME. -_wodebynde_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1508). OE. _wudebinde_ (Voc. 137. 5). - -=woodcock,= a simpleton. Much Ado, v. 1. 158. Because a woodcock was -easily caught in nets set for it at twilight in glades; cp. =cockshut.= -‘Go, like a woodcock, And thrust your neck i’ the noose’, Beaumont and -Fl., Loyal Subject, iv. 4 (Theodore). - -=wooden dagger.= Such a dagger was worn not only by the ‘Vice’, or -buffoon in old plays, but also sometimes by the domestic fool; Fletcher, -Noble Gentleman, v. 1 (Longueville). For ‘dagger of _lath_’, see Twelfth -Night, iv. 2. 136. _A wooden dagger_ could also be used as a -crumb-scoop, to clear the table of fragments after a meal; see Beaumont -and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 1 (Mercer). - -=woodquist,= a wood-pigeon, ring-dove; ‘A Stock-dove or woodquist’, -Lyly, Sapho, iv. 3. 3. Also _quist_ (_queest_); ‘_Phavier_, a Ringdove, -Queest, Coushot, Woodculver’, Cotgrave. [With _phavier_, cp. O. Prov. -_colom favar_, ‘pigeon ramier’ (Levy)]. ‘Quist’ (‘queest’), a -wood-pigeon, is in prov. use in various parts of the British Isles -(EDD.). See NED. (s.v. Queest). - -=woodsere,= the time of year when there is little sap in a tree. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 53. 15, § 51. 6. (The time meant has been said to be -between Midsummer and Michaelmas; it was thought that wood cut at that -season would not grow again.) In E. Anglia the word ‘wood-sere’ is used -for the month or season for felling wood, see EDD. (s.v. Wood, sb. 1 (34 -b)). - -=woodspeck,= a woodpecker. Golding, Metam. xiv. 314 (L. _picum_); fol. -171 (1603); _Specke_ is a Norfolk word for the woodpecker (EDD.). Cp. -Du. _specht_, a woodpecker (Hexham). G. _specht_. - -=Wood Street,= the Compter prison in Wood Street, London. Middleton, -Phœnix, iv. 3 (1 Officer). See Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. 111). - -=woolfist,= a puff-ball. Wily Beguiled, Prologue. For _wolf-fist_; Gk. -L. _lycoperdon_, which has the same sense; see Weigand, Germ. Dict. -(s.v. Bofist). - -=woolward:= in phr. _to go woolward_, i.e. in wool only, without linen, -often enjoined as a penance by the Church of Rome; ‘I have no shirt, I -go woolward for penance’, L. L. L. v. 2. 717; ‘He went woolward and -barefooted to many churches’, Stow’s Annals, H. 7 (Nares); ‘Wolworde, -without any lynnen nexte ones body, _sans chemyse_’, Palsgrave. ME. -_wolleward_ (_wolward_), see Pricke of Conscience, 3514; P. Plowman’s -Crede, 788; P. Plowman, B. xviii. 1 (see note, p. 395). [It is probable -that the ME. form _wolleward_ is due to popular etymology, and that the -word properly represents an OE. *_wullwered_, clothed in wool, cp. -_swegelwered_, clothed with heavenly brightness. The corruption would be -natural, when the sense of _wered_ was lost, as -_ward_ was a common -suffix. The phr. ‘to go woolward’ cannot be genuine: it could only mean -‘to go towards wool’, which is not the sense (Dr. Henry Bradley). See -note on the word ‘woolward’ in Mayor and Lumby’s edition of Beda’s -Eccles. Hist., p. 347.] - -=woose,= ‘ooze’, soft mud, Phaer, Aeneid iii, 606; _wose_, id., ii. 135. -Hence _woosy_, full of soft mud, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 205. ME. _wose_, mud -(Wars Alex. 413). OE. _wōs_; see Napier’s Glosses, 1818. - -=woose,= to ooze, Golding, tr. Ovid, fol. 127. See Dict. - -=word,= a motto; ‘And round about the wreath this word was writ, _Burnt -I doe burne_’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 38; ‘His word which on his ragged -shield was writ, _Salvagesse sans finesse_’, id., iv. 4. 39. - -=world;= ‘It is a world’, i.e. it’s wonderful (to see), Much Ado, iii. -5. 38; Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 313. _To go to the world_, to get married, -Much Ado, ii. 1. 331; _a woman of the world_, a married woman, As You -Like It, v. 3. 5. - -=worm,= to remove what was called the _worm_ from under a dog’s tongue; -a supposed preventive of his going mad; ‘I should have wormed you, sir, -for [to prevent your] running mad’, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 2 (Vasque). - -=wot,= in use as the present tense of the vb. _wit_, to know; ‘I wot not -what rule ye keep’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, 255); ‘I wote not’, -BIBLE, Gen. xxi. 26 (in RV. ‘I know not’); ‘God wot’, Richard III, iii. -2. 89. ME. preterite-present _I wot_, _thou wost_, _he wot_, pl. _witen_ -(Chaucer); OE. _ic wāt_, _þū wāst_, _he wāt_, pl. _witon_. Tudor and -later English have much false grammar with respect to this verb: Shaks. -has _wotting_ (for _witting_}, _wots_ (for _wot_), _wot’st_ (for -_wost_); and _wotteth_ (for _wot_) is found in the Bible, Gen. xxxix. 8 -(in RV. ‘knoweth’). - -=wrabbed,= perverse, hard to manage; ‘So crabbed, so wrabbed, so stiff, -so untoward’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 211. See Nares. - -=wrack,= destruction, loss; ‘The wrack of maidenhood’, All’s Well, iii. -5. 24; ‘The commonwealth hath daily run to wrack’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 127; -destruction by sea, shipwreck, Venus and Ad. 454; to ruin, destroy, -Hamlet, ii. 1. 113; _wracked_ (_wrackt_), shipwrecked, Meas. for M. iii. -1. 225. See Dict. (s.v. Wreck). - -=wrall,= to quarrel, to grumble. Tusser, Husbandry, § 101. 4; ‘This my -tongue-wralling’, Webster, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -iv. 120. - -=wrawl,= to make an inarticulate noise, to caterwaul; ‘Cats that -wrawling still did cry’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. ME. _wrawhre_, -‘traulus’ (Prompt. EETS. 40, see note, no. 181). See NED. (s.v. -Caterwaul). - -=wray,= to disclose. Gascoigne, Works, i. 41. ME. _wreye_, to bewray. -reveal (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3503); also, _bewreye_, ‘The conseil is -bewreid’ (Gower, C. A. v. 6785). OE. _wrēgan_, to denounce, accuse. See -Dict. (s.v. Bewray). - -=wread,= to wreathe, to twist, twine, curl; ‘The snake about him -wrigling winding wreades’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 753. See EDD. (s.v. -Wreath, sb.^{1} 7). - -=wreak,= vengeance. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (M. -Tullius); Knight of Malta, iv. 1 (Zanthia); ‘wrathful wreakes’, angry -acts of vengeance, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 43; 12. 16; to avenge, punish, -F. Q. ii. 3. 13. Hence _wreakful_, full of vengeance, Titus And. v. 2. -32. ME. _wreke_, ‘vindicta, ulcio’ (Prompt.); _wreken_, to avenge -(Chaucer, C. T. C. 857). OE. _wrecan_, to punish. - -=wreak,= to ‘reck’, to care. As You Like It, ii. 4. 81 (ed. 1623); -Marlowe, tr. Ovid’s Elegies, ii. 11. 22; _wreaked_, recked, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., Dec., 29. Hence _wreakless_, reckless, careless, 3 Hen. VI, -v. 6. 7. Cp. EDD. (s.v. Wreak, vb.). OE. _rēcan_ (pret. _rōhte_), to -rack, care for (Sweet); see Wright, OE. Gram., § 534. - -=wrest,= a tuning-key for a harp. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 23. - -=wretchock,= the smallest pig of a litter; smallest chicken in a hatch; -a diminutive creature. B. Jonson, Gipsies’ Metam. (Jackman); Skelton, -Elynour Rummyng, 465. A Worc. word for the smallest pig of a litter -(EDD.). - -=wries;= see =wry.= - -=wrig,= to turn aside. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 573 (L. -_contorsit_). In prov. use in the Midlands, meaning to writhe (EDD.). - -=writhe,= to turn aside, misdirect. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Gorboduc). - -=writhled,= wrinkled, shrivelled, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 23; Gascoigne, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 42; l. 9. - -=wroken,= _pp._, revenged. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 108; Muiopotmos, -99; _wroke_, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. ME. _wroken_, revenged (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. i. 88); _wroke_ (P. Plowman, B. ii. 194); but Chaucer and P. -Plowman have also the regular _wreken_, pp. of _wreke_, to avenge; OE. -_wrecen_, pp. of _wrecan_. See Wright, OE. Grammar, § 505. - -=wrote,= to grub up, as a hog; ‘His earth-wroting snout’, Return from -Parnassus, iii. 4 (Furor). ME. _wrotyn_, as swyne ‘verro’ (Prompt. EETS. -547), OE. _wrōtan_. - -=wroth,= sorrow, vexation; ‘I’ll keep my oath, patiently to bear my -wroth’, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 78. - -=wry,= to turn aside, go aside. Cymbeline, v. 1. 5; ‘_Wries_, and -wriggles’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 1 (Rowland). ME. _wrien_, to -turn aside (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 906), OE. _wrigian_. - -=wun,= dwelling, abode. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 23. -See =wonne= (2). - -=wusse;= see =iwis.= - -=wych,= wich-elm, witch-elm. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 113. - -=wyhee;= see =whigh-hie.= - -=wyte,= to blame; see =wite.= - - - - - X - - -=xeriff,= a ‘Sherif’, a title of the descendants of Mohammed. Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Muley-Moluch); id., Conquest of Granada, i. 1. -_Xarife_, the Spanish way of writing =sherif= (q.v.), Port. _xarife_, -‘chérif’ (Roquette). - -=xeriff,= a Portuguese coin worth about 300 reis (Portuguese). Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha), Port. _xarafím_, Arab, _sharîfî_ or -_ashrafî_, a gold coin often mentioned in the Arabian Nights, see Dozy, -Glossaire, 353; cp. Med. L. _seraphus_, in Baumgarten, Peregrinatio, 23; -see Dozy, Glossaire, p. 534. See Stanford (s.v. Xerafin). - - - - - Y - - -=yall;= see =yawl.= - -=yarage= (applied to ships), the capability of being managed at sea; -‘Light of yarage’, North, Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 35 (in Shaks. Plut., -p. 208); ‘heavy of yarage’, id., § 35 (p. 211). - -=yare,= quick, ready. A word freq. used by Shaks., often given to -sailors. Temp. v. 1. 224; Meas. for M. v. 2. 61; ‘The lesser ship . . . -is yare, whereas the greater is slow’, Ralegh (Nares); _yarely_, -readily, Temp. i. 1. 4. _Yare_ is in prov. use in the north (EDD.). ME. -_yare_, ready: ‘Terens let make his shippes yare’ (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. -2270;. OE. _gearu_, ready, equipped. - -=yark,= to jerk. Drayton, Pol. vi. 51; to pull forcibly as shoemakers do -in securing the stitches of their work; ‘Yark and seam, yark and seam’ -(Eyre); ‘For yarking and seaming let me alone’ (Firk), Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1. See the story of Watt Tinlinn in note to -Scott’s Lay of the Last Minstrel, iv. 4. In reply to the Englishman’s -taunt, ‘Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots’, Watt retorted, -discharging a shaft which nailed the captain’s thigh to his saddle, ‘If -I cannot sew, I can yerk’. As sb. a jerk; ‘_Tire_, a kick, yark, jerk’, -Cotgrave. See =yerk.= - -=yarum, yarrum,= a cant term for milk; see =popler.= - -=yate,= gate. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224. In prov. use in the north -and in the north Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.^{1} 1 (9)). ME. -_ȝate_, a gate (Wyclif, Ps. cxvii. 20). OE. _geat_. - -=yaw= (of a ship), to move unsteadily; used _fig._ Hamlet, v. 2. 120; a -devious course, Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). Icel. _jaga_, -to move to and fro (as a door on its hinges). - -=yaw,= to cut down; _yawde_, for _yawed_, pp., Skelton, Colyn Cloute, -1206. (In the next line we have _sawde_ for _sawn_, pp.) In Hants. and -Devon ‘yaw’ is the prov. pronunc. of ‘hew’, and is used in the sense of -mowing or cutting wheat with one hand and with a reaping-hook, see EDD. -(s.v. Hew, vb.^{1} 4). - -=yawd,= a nag, a ‘jade’. Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (Randal). In prov. -use in the north, see EDD, (s.v. Yad). The same word as ‘jade’. _Yawd_ -is derived directly from Icel. _jalda_, a mare, whereas _jade_ comes to -us through northern French: _jalda_ < *_jaude_ < _jade_. - -=yawfrow,= a young lady, a mistress. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1. Du. -_joffrouw_, a gentlewoman, mistress, miss; _jonkvrouw_, a young lady; -_Jonkvrouw A._, Miss A. (Sewel). - -=yawl,= to howl, bawl; to scream like an infant; spelt _yall_, Death of -E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Doncaster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 242; -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 22; _yawling_, a bawling, Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Margery). In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Yawl, vb.^{1} 1). - -=yblent,= obscured; ‘The faithfull light of that faire lampe yblent’, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 1; blinded, ‘With love yblent’, id., Shep. Kal., -April, 155. See =blend.= - -=ybowne,= ready to depart. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 140. ME. -_boun_, ready to go (Chaucer, C. T. F. 1503). See Dict. (s.v. Bound, 3). - -=y-clept, y-clep’d,= called, named. Milton, L’Allegro, 12. Spelt -_y-clipped_; Ram-Alley, iii. 1 (Puff). See =clepe.= - -=y-cond,= taught. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. -(Misused; _to con_ is to learn.) See =cond.= - -=yearn,= to vex, grieve; ‘It would yearn your heart’, Merry Wives, iii. -5. 45; ‘It yearn’d my heart’, Richard II, v. 5. 76 (in quartos _ernd_); -‘It yearns me not’, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26. Hence _yearnful_ (_yernful_), -mournful, Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 7. See =earn= (to grieve). - -=yearne,= to give tongue as hounds do, to bay, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. -1575, pp. 181, 186, 240); see =yorning.= - -=yearne,= to earn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 40; vi. 7. 15. OE. -_ge-earnian_, _earnian_, to earn. - -=yede, yeed,= improperly used as an infin., to go. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. -5; ii. 4. 2 _yeade_, pr. pl. (improp. used), Shep. Kal., July, 109; -_yode_, pt. s. went, id., May, 22, 233; _yod_, Golding, Metam. vi. 330. -ME. _yede_, went (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1141); _ȝede_, _ȝeode_ (P. Plowman), -OE. _ge-ēode_ (and _ēode_), went. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Eode). - -=yeding,= going. Sackville, Mirror of Mag., Induction, st. 30. - -=yelden,= submissive; ‘The fierce lion will hurt no yelden thinges’ -(i.e. creatures that have submitted), Sir T. Wyatt, To his ladie cruel -over her Yelden Lover, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 62. See =yold.= - -=yellow.= Bands dyed with _yellow starch_, much used by Mrs. Turner, -became unfashionable when that infamous woman was hung (Nov. 15, 1615) -for being concerned in the murder of Sir Thos. Overbury; but not very -long after they were again in use. ‘Hateful As yellow bands’, The Widow, -v. 1 (Martia); ‘Disliked your yellow starch’, Beaumont and Fl., Queen of -Corinth, iv. 1 (Tutor). - -=yellow breeches, to wear,= to be jealous. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. -2 (Stephano). _Yellow_, as the hue of jealousy, Middleton, A Fair -Quarrel, ii. 2. 14. - -=yellow-hammer,= (jocosely) a gold coin. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 -(2 Guard). - -=yellowness,= jealousy. Merry Wives, i. 3. 111. - -=yellow-pate,= the yellow-hammer, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 75. - -=yellows,= jaundice in cattle. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54. In prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Yellow, 4). - -=yelt,= a young sow; ‘A youngling yelt of brestled sow’, Twyne, tr. of -Aeneid, xii. 170. In prov. use in the north and in E. Anglia, see EDD. -(s.v. Gilt, sb.^{1}). - -=yeoman-fewterer,= the man who, under the huntsman, took care of the -dogs, and let them slip at the right moment. Massinger, Picture, v. 1 -(Ricardo); Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); B. Jonson, Every Man out of -Humour, ii. 3. See Nares (s.v.), and =fewterer.= - -=yerde,= a rod, a staff. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 6. ME. -_yerde_ (Chaucer). OE. _gierd_, a rod. - -=yerk, yirk,= to lash with a whip. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; Marston, -Sat. i. 3, p. 184 (Nares); _yarke_, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 489. Hence, -_yerking preferment_, a promotion to punishment with a whip, Shirley, -Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); to kick out strongly, Hen. V, iv. 7. 84; -Tusser, Husbandry, § 64; to thrust smartly, Othello, i. 2. 5. This word -is in prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland, pronounced in -many ways, with the meanings (among others), to jerk, to pull forcibly; -to lash with a switch or whip, to kick as a horse does, see EDD. (s.v. -Yark, vb.^{1} 1, 5, 7). See =yark.= - -=yert:= in comb. _yert-point_, lit. ‘jerk-point’; the name of a childish -game; perhaps similar to blow-point. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). It -may have been a name for spelicans. ‘Yert’ belongs to the group of -words: _jerk_, _yerk_, _jert_, see Cotgrave (s.v. Tire). - -=yfere,= together. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1; vi. 6. 31; Shep. Kal., April, -68; Sackville, Induction, st. 74. ME. _yfere_, together (Chaucer, C. T. -B. 394), also _in-fere_ (C. T. B. 328, D. 924); orig. _in fere_, in -company. OE. _on heora gefére_, in their company (Luke ii. 44). - -=yfet,= _pp._ fetched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 647. See =fet.= - -=yield,= to reward; ‘The gods yield you for’t’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 2. 23; -spelt _’ild_, ‘How do you pretty lady?—Well, God ’ild you!’, Hamlet, -iv. 5. 41; Macbeth, i. 6. 13. ‘God yield you’ is still in prov. use in -Cheshire (EDD.). ME. _God yelde yow_, God requite you (Chaucer, C. T. D. -1772). - -=ying,= young; ‘The lilly . . rysing fresche and ying’, Dunbar, The -Thistle and the Rose, 22. ME. _ȝing_, young (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 41). - -=yirk;= see =yerk.= - -=ylike,= alike, all the same; ‘Ylike to me was libertee and lyfe’, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 36; F. Q. i. 4. 27. ME. _yliche_ (_ylike_), -like, similar; also as adv., alike, in like manner (P. Plowman). OE. -_gelīc_, similar, equal; _gelīce_, equally, in the same way, in a -similar way. - -=ynde,= indigo, dark blue. Morte Arthur, leaf 114, back. 27; bk. vii, c. -11. OF. _inde_, ‘de couleur d’azur’ (Didot); Med. L. _indium_, ‘genus -coloris caerulei’ (Ducange), for L. _indicum_, indigo, orig. of India, -Indian. - -=yod;= see =yede.= - -=yold,= _pt. t._ yielded. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25. As pp., id., vii. -7. 30. ME. _ȝolden_, pt. pl. and pp. of _ȝelden_, to yield (Wars Alex. -2326, 2378). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. ȝelden). - -=yomenne,= ‘yeomen’; the pawns in the game of chess. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, Prol. 20. - -=yond.= This word occurs in the following passages: ‘Then like a lyon -. . . wexeth wood and yond’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 40; ‘As Florimel fled -from that monster yond’, id., iii. 7. 26; ‘Those three brethren, -Lombards fierce and yond’, Fairfax, tr. Tasso, i. 55. It seems to be a -synonym of ‘fierce’. - -=yond,= yonder, thither. Tempest, i. 2. 409; Richard II, iii. 3. 91. In -prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland (EDD.). ME. _yond_, -yonder (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1099). OE. _geond_, ‘illuc’ (Matt. xxvi. 86, -Rushworth). - -=yorning,= giving tongue as hounds do. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 18, § 5; see Croft’s Glossary. See =yearne= (1). - -=yote,= to water, soak; ‘Yoted wheat’, Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 760. A -west-country word, ‘The brewer’s grains must be well yoted for the -pigs’, Grose (1790), see EDD. See below. - -=yoten,= _pp._ melted. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 5. ME. -_ȝotun_, molten (Wyclif, Job xli. 6, Ps. cv. 19), pp. of _yeten_, to -pour (Chaucer), OE. _gēotan_. - -=youl,= to howl, to squall like an infant. All Mistaken, i. 1 (near -end); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 337. Hence _youling_, ib., i. 1 -(Philidor); in the same, xv. 332. In gen. prov. use in all -English-speaking countries; see EDD. (s.v. Yowl). ME. _youling_, loud -lamentation (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1278). - -=youngth, yongth,= youth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 20; Muiopotmos, 34. -ME. _ȝongthe_ (Wyclif, Luke xviii. 21). - -=ypight,= _pp._ pitched, placed. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33. See =pight.= - -=ysam,= together. Spelt _ysame_ (riming with _ram_ and _swam_). Spenser, -F. Q. vii. 7. 32. See =sam.= ME. _ysamme_, together (P. Plowman, A. x. -193), OE. _samen_, together (Sweet). - -=y-vound,= found. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay). - -=ywus,= ‘_ywis_’, certainly. Golding, Metam. i. 754 (riming with -_thus_), fol. 13, back (1603). See =iwis.= - - - - - Z - - -=zabra,= a small sailing vessel, in use in the Bay of Biscay; _zabraes_, -pl.; Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 256. Span. _azábra_, ‘a small -sort of Bark us’d in some parts of Spain’; _Zábra_, ‘a sort of Vessel -once us’d in Biscay from 100 to 200 Tun Burden, and serv’d for Fishing -or Privateering, now laid aside’ (Stevens). Port, _zabra_ (Roquette). -See Stanford (s.v. Azabra). - -=zambra,= a Moorish festival, with music and dancing; a festive dance. -Dryden, Conquest of Granada, I, i. 1 (l. 11 from end). Span. _zambra_, -‘a Moorish dance’ (Stevens). ‘A la rigueur _zambra_ signifie musique -d’instruments à vent; on l’a appliqué à la danse parce que l’on danse au -son des larigots et des flûtes’ (Cobarruvias). _Zambra_ is from the -Arabic root _zamara_, to play on a wind instrument, Dozy, Glossaire, -364. - -=zany,= a subordinate buffoon, who mimicked the clown. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. -96; cp. L. L. L. v. 2. 463. Ital. ‘_záne_, the name of _John_ in some -parts of Lombardy, but commonly used for a silly John, a simple gull, or -foolish Clown in a Play or Comedy, as a Jack pudding at the dancing of -the ropes’ (Florio). See Stanford. - -=zany,= to imitate apishly, to mimic. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, i. 2 -(Crates); Lover’s Progress, i. 1 (Clarinda). - -=zecchine,= a gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 -(Cornari); Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79. Ital. _zecchino_, a Venetian -coin, deriv. of _zecca_, ‘a mint or place of coyning’ (Florio), Arab. -_sikka_, coin; _dâr as-sikka-t_, a mint (Steingass). - -=zelant,= a zealot. Bacon, Essay 3. Med. L. _zelans_; see Ducange (s.v. -Zelare). - -=zelatour,= a zealot, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, ch. 27. Med. L. -_zelator_, ‘aemulator, inimicus’ (Ducange). - -=zernick,= orpiment. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. _zernîkh_, -arsenic (Steingass), Pers. _zernīχ_, orpiment, yellow arsenic; from -_zar_, gold. A word of Indo-European origin. See Academy (May 11, 1895, -p. 427), and Horn’s Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (1893, § -691). - - - - - OXFORD: HORACE HART M.A. - PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -The original spelling has not been modified, with the exception that the -capitalisation of Midlands has been made consistent. - -Punctuation is largely reproduced as in the original. End-of-line -hyphens have been removed to rejoin words as appropriate, but other -hyphenation is as in the original. Punctuation has been added silently -is a small number of places where it is obviously missing as a result of -a typesetting or printing error. - -The references to EETS. are to the Early English Text Society -publications. - -While it is not stated in this book, it is inferred that it follows the -practice of the Oxford English Dictionary in which: - -* indicates a word or form not actually found, but of which the -existence is inferred, - -† signifies an obsolete word, - -[...] in a quotation, it surrounds an editorial insertion, - -[...] while around an entire quotation, it indicates a quotation is -relevant to the development of a sense but not directly illustrative of -it. - -. . . obtained from the OED web site. - -[End of _A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words_, by Walter William Skeat, - edited by Anthony Lawson Mayhew] - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words, by -Walter William Skeat - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A GLOSSARY *** - -***** This file should be named 62809-0.txt or 62809-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/8/0/62809/ - -Produced by Delphine Lettau, Howard Ross & the online -Distributed Proofreaders Canada team at -https://www.pgdpcanada.net from page images generously -made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words - especially from the dramatists - -Author: Walter William Skeat - -Editor: Anthony Lawson Mayhew - -Release Date: August 1, 2020 [EBook #62809] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A GLOSSARY *** - - - - -Produced by Delphine Lettau, Howard Ross & the online -Distributed Proofreaders Canada team at -https://www.pgdpcanada.net from page images generously -made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div class='figcenter' style='width:80%'> -<img src='images/cover.jpg' alt='' id='iid-0000' style='width:100%;height:auto;'/> -</div> - -<hr class='pbk'/> - -<div class='lgc' style=''> <!-- rend=';' --> -<p class='line' style='font-size:3em;'><span class='gesp'>A GLOSSARY</span></p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:1.5em;'>OF</p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:2.5em;'>TUDOR AND STUART WORDS</p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line'><span class='it'>ESPECIALLY FROM THE DRAMATISTS</span></p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line'>COLLECTED BY</p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:2.5em;'>WALTER W. SKEAT</p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon in</p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>the University of Cambridge, 1878-1912</p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line'>EDITED WITH ADDITIONS BY</p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:2.5em;'>A. L. MAYHEW</p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>M.A., Wadham College, Oxford</p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line'> </p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:1.5em;'><span class='gesp'>OXFORD</span></p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:1.5em;'>AT THE CLARENDON PRESS</p> -<p class='line'>1914</p> -</div> <!-- end rend --> - -<hr class='pbk'/> - -<div class='lgc' style='margin-top:3em;margin-bottom:3em;'> <!-- rend=';' --> -<p class='line'>OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK</p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY</p> -<p class='line'>HUMPHREY MILFORD M.A.</p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:0.8em;'>PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY</p> -</div> <!-- end rend --> - -<p class='line' style='text-align:center;'><a href='#A'>A</a> <a href='#B'>B</a> <a href='#C'>C</a> <a href='#D'>D</a> <a href='#E'>E</a> <a href='#F'>F</a> <a href='#G'>G</a> <a href='#H'>H</a> <a href='#I'>I</a> <a href='#J'>J</a> <a href='#K'>K</a> <a href='#L'>L</a> <a href='#M'>M</a> <a href='#N'>N</a> <a href='#O'>O</a> <a href='#P'>P</a> <a href='#Q'>Q</a> <a href='#R'>R</a> <a href='#S'>S</a> <a href='#T'>T</a> <a href='#U'>U</a> <a href='#V'>V</a> <a href='#W'>W</a> <a href='#X'>X</a> <a href='#Y'>Y</a> <a href='#Z'>Z</a></p> -<p class='line' style='text-align:center;'><a href='#TN'>[Transcriber’s Notes]</a></p> - -<div><h1>EDITOR’S PREFACE</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'>In the summer of 1910 I was staying at Llandrindod, and had -the pleasure of meeting there my old friend Professor Skeat. -Of course we had many a long talk about our favourite studies, -and about his literary plans. He was always planning some -literary task, for before he had finished one work, he had either -begun another, or had another in prospect. I said to him one -day, ‘You’re always working, do you ever find time for recreation?’ -‘Well,’ he said, ‘when I want to amuse myself, I take -up some old play.’ This story explains the genesis of this book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>Like John Gilpin’s wife, it seems that though on pleasure he -was bent, he had a frugal mind. He did not forget business. -When reading Ben Jonson or Beaumont and Fletcher he had -pencil in hand, and whenever he came to a word that might -prove a stumbling-block to the general reader, he noted that -word, and eventually wrote it on a separate slip (note-paper -size) with exact reference and explanation. In July, 1911, in -Oxford, when we were together for the last time, the professor -told me about the book he was preparing—mainly consisting of -the words he had collected in reading the Tudor and Stuart -dramatists. He did not intend it to be a big book. When I -asked whether it would contain quotations like Nares’ Glossary, -he said it would contain only a few quotations, and those short -ones, and would consist mostly of explanations and references, -with brief etymologies. I heard no more of the book during -his lifetime. But frequent letters passed between us on the -etymologies of English words, many of which he was meeting -with in the material he was collecting. On October 6, 1912, -that eager, enthusiastic spirit passed away, to the regret of all -who work in the field of English philology, of all who love the -English tongue, wherever on this habitable globe they may -chance to live. Not long after, in November, I heard from -Mrs. Skeat that her husband had left material for a Glossary of -Rare Words, in slips amounting to nearly 7,000, arranged in -alphabetical order, and that Professor Skeat’s executors would -be very glad if I would be able to edit and prepare the work for -publication. I agreed to do this, on condition that the executors -should ask the advice of a pupil of Dr. Skeat, an eminent English -scholar, and also, of course, that the Delegates of the Clarendon -Press would consent to the arrangement. On December 4 -I received a letter from the Clarendon Press, informing me -that the Delegates accepted my offer. A day or two after the box -containing the MS. arrived, and on December 9 I addressed -myself to the task. With the exception of a short intermission -in July, the work has had my continuous and undivided attention -for one year.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>On examination of the MS. it appeared that, although Professor -Skeat had arranged the material in the form of a Glossary, -he had not put the finishing touches to the book (many slips -were practically duplicates or triplicates), and had not even -finally limited the scope: the title of the book was not settled.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>And now it will be proper to state as clearly as possible what -the Editor thought it his duty to do in preparing his friend’s -work for publication. In the first place he did not think that -it fell within his province to make any considerable addition -to the Word-list. The Vocabulary remains much as Professor -Skeat left it. But it was found necessary, in going over the -work, to make additions in many articles, in order to explain -the history of the word, or to illustrate its meaning; connecting -links had to be supplied, where the meanings of a word apparently -had no connexion with one another. In this part of the -work the Editor found great help in the New English Dictionary; -and it will be seen that there is hardly a page of this book on -which there does not occur the significant abbreviation (NED.). -With the same help the definitions have been revised, and in -many cases made more definite and explicit in order to explain -the passage referred to. Professor Skeat’s plan was to give, as -a rule, only references; it has been thought advisable to add -many quotations, especially in cases where a quotation appeared -necessary to illustrate a rare meaning of a word. In order to -secure uniformity in arrangement many of the articles had -to be re-written. For the illustrative matter, outside the -literary English of the Tudor and Stuart period; the comparison -of Tudor and Stuart words with provincial words found -in the English Dialect Dictionary (EDD.); the exact references -to earlier English—Middle English (ME.) and Old English (OE.); -as well as the citation of cognate foreign forms, the Editor is -responsible. In giving this additional matter he believes that -he would have had the cordial approval of Professor Skeat, -and hopes that he has added to the usefulness of the book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>If I may be allowed I would end on a personal note. I have -thought it a great privilege to have been invited to complete -the work of one held in such honour and esteem as Professor -Skeat. And it has been a great pleasure to do something -which might show, however inadequately, my gratitude for -a friendship of nearly forty years. I wish the work that has -been done on his book had been better done; I wish that it -could have been undertaken by some one better equipped for -the task, by one who had a more intimate acquaintance with -the literature of the period dealt with. I hope that the imperfections -of the book as it leaves my hands will be treated -leniently. No one can be more conscious of them than he -who is now bidding farewell to the task.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>I have been fortunate in obtaining the help of two scholars -who are masters of their subjects. My friend of many years, -Dr. Henry Bradley, one of the Editors of <span class='it'>The New English -Dictionary</span>, has taken an interest in the work from the first, -which has been most encouraging. His views of what had to -be done with the material I found, after I had made some -progress in my task, coincided with those I had independently -formed. He has most kindly read the proof-sheets throughout, -and has made many valuable suggestions which I have gladly -adopted. Mr. Percy Simpson, who has made a special study -of the dramatists of the period treated, and particularly of -Ben Jonson, has also kindly read the proof-sheets, and from -his familiarity with the textual criticism of these authors has -been able to correct some errors in the texts cited. I cannot -conclude without expressing my thanks to the ‘reader’ for the -accuracy with which the proof-sheets represented the MS., as -well as for his judicious and conscientious use of the blue -pencil.</p> - -<p class='line' style='text-align:right;margin-right:2em;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0.5em;'>A. L. MAYHEW.</p> -<p class='line' style='text-align:left;margin-left:2em;font-size:small;'><span class='sc'>Oxford</span>,</p> -<p class='line' style='text-align:left;margin-left:4em;font-size:small;'><span class='it'>Dec. 9, 1913</span>.</p> - -<div><h1>BOOKS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK</h1></div> - -<p class='hang'>Aasen, Ivar; Norsk Ordbog, 1873.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Alphita, a Medico-Botanical Glossary, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota -Oxoniensia, 1887).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Aneren Riwle, c. 1230; ed. J. Morton (Camden Soc., 1873).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Anglo-Saxon Gospels, ed. W. W. Skeat. The Gospels in West-Saxon, -Northumbrian and Mercian Versions, 1871-87.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Ascham, Roger; Toxophilus, 1545, ed. Arber, 1868.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Awdeley, John; Fraternitye of Vacabondes, 1565, ed. E. Viles and -F. J. Furnivall (EETS., extra series, 1869).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Aydelotte, F.; Elizabethan Rogues and Vagabonds (Oxford Historical and -Literary Studies, vol. 1, 1913).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Babee’s Book, 15th cent.; ed. F. J. Furnivall (EETS., 1868).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bacon, Francis; Essays, 1597, ed. W. Aldis Wright, 1871. Life of -Henry VII, 1621, ed. J. R. Lumby, 1876.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Baldwyne, William; chief editor of the Mirrour for Magistrates, first issued -in 1559.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Ballads. English and Scottish Popular Ballads, ed. from the Collection -of F. J. Child by H. C. Sargent and G. L. Kittredge, 1904.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Barbour’s Bruce, 1375; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., 1870-7).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Barclay, Alexander; Ship of Fools, 1508, a translation of Sebastian -Brandt’s <span class='it'>Narrenschiff</span>, c. 1494 (<span class='it'>Navis Stultifera</span>, 1488); ed. Jamieson, 1874.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bardsley, Charles W.; English Surnames, 1875.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Baret, John; Alvearie or Quadruple Dictionary, 1580.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Barnes, R.; Works, see Tyndale.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Barnfield, Richard; The Affectionate Shepherd, 1594; ed. J. O. Halliwell -(Percy Soc., 1845).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bartsch, K., et A. Horning; La Langue et la Littérature françaises depuis -le ix<sup>e</sup> siècle jusqu’au xiv<sup>e</sup> siècle. Textes et Glossaire, 1887.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Beaumont and Fletcher; Works, ed. G. Darley, 1859; also, ed. W. Gifford -with a Biographical Memoir (reprint, Routledge, 1860). [Francis Beaumont -born 1586, died 1615.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Berghaus, H.; Der Sprachschatz der Sassen, 1880-3.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Berners, Lord (John Bourchier); tr. of the Chronicles of Froissart (Pynson, -1523). [Born 1467, died 1533.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bibbesworth, Walter de; The Treatise, c. ann. 1325; printed in -Wright’s Vocabularies (ed. 2, 1882). This is probably the correct spelling, -not ‘Biblesworth’. See Wright, Thomas.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bible, English. Authorised Version, 1611 (exact reprint. Clarendon Press, -1911).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bible Word-Book; see Wright, W. A.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Blount, Thomas; Glossographia, a Dictionary of hard words, 1656; ed. 3, -1670.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Boke of St. Albans, printed in 1486; facsimile reprint, 1881. Contains -a Book on Hawking, a Book on Hunting (by Dame Juliana Barnes), and -a Book on Coat-Armour.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bosworth and Toller (B. T.). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary begun by -J. Bosworth, and completed by T. N. Toller, 1882-98.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Boyle, Roger (Earl of Orrery); Parthenissa, 1676; Guzman, c. 1679; -Mr. Anthony, 1689.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bozon, Nicole; Les Contes Moralisés, c. 1350; ed. L. Toulmin Smith and -Paul Moyer, 1889.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Brand, John; Observations on Popular Antiquities, 1813; Arranged and -revised by H. Ellis; reprint, 1887 (Chatto and Windus).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Brathwaite (or Braithwait), Richard; <span class='it'>Barnabae Itinerarium</span> (Drunken -Barnaby’s Four Journeys), Latin and English, ed. 1, 1648; reprint, -1822.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Brewer, Antony; Dramatist, fl. 1655. [To him was formerly ascribed -‘<span class='it'>Lingua</span>, or the Combat of the Five Senses for Superiority, 1607’; -see DNB.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Brome, Alexander; Poet, Satirist, and Dramatist; Wks. ed. 1873. [Born -1620, died 1666.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Browne, Sir Thomas; Works, ed. S. Wilkin. 1852 (Bohn’s Standard -Library).</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Religio Medici and Christian Morals, ed. by W. A. Greenhill; 1881. -[Born 1640, died 1680.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Browne, William; Britannia Pastorals, see English Poets. [Born 1590, -died c. 1645.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Brunne, Robert of; Handlyng Synne, c. 1303; ed. F. J. Furnivall -(Roxburghe Club, 1862).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bullokar, John; An English Expositor, by J. B., 1616; sixth ed., 1680.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Bunyan, John; Pilgrim’s Progress, First Part, 1678.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Burton, Robert; Anatomy of Melancholy, 1621.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Butler, Samuel; Poems, ed. R. Bell, 1855; Hudibras, ed. H. G. Bohn, -1871. [Born 1612, died 1680.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Calisch, J. M.; Nederlandsch-Engelsch en Engelsch-Nederlandsch -Woordenboek, 1875.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Campion, Thomas; poems printed first in 1595; ed. Bullen, 1889.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Cartwright, William; Preacher, Poet, Dramatist. [Born 1611, died 1643.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Catholicon Anglicum, 1483; ed. Herrtage, EETS., 1881.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Caxton, William; The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, c. 1474; reprint -by H. O. Sommer, 1894.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Game of the Chesse, printed in 1474; facsimile of the 2nd ed., -V. Figgins, 1860.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— see Reynard.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Chanson de Roland; Bodleian MS., c. 1180; ed. L. Gautier, 1881.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Chapman, George; Dramatic Works, ed. 1873. The Iliad of Homer, 1611; -Odyssey, 1614; Chapman’s Homer, ed. R. Hooper, 1857; R. H. Shepherd, -1875.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Chaucer, Geoffrey; Complete Works; ed. W. W. Skeat, 1894. [Born 1328, -died 1400.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Child, F. J.; see Ballads.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Chronicle, Anglo-Saxon; ed. C. Plummer and J. Earle, 1892-9.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Cocke Lorell’s Bote, a humorous and sarcastic poem, printed by Wynkyn -de Worde, c. 1515; ed. 1843.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Coles, Elisha; English Dictionary, 1677.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Dictionary, English-Latin and Latin-English, fourth ed. enlarged, -1699.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Congreve, William; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1670, died -1729.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Cook, A. S.; Biblical Quotations in Old English Prose Writers, 1898.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Cooper, T.; Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae, 1565.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Cotgrave, Randle; A French and English Dictionary. First edition 1611. -The edition of 1673 is the one usually cited.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Court of Love, a late poem first printed with Chaucer’s Works, 1561; reprinted -in Chaucerian and Other Poems, ed. by W. W. Skeat, 1897.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Coverdale, Miles; Translator of the Bible; first printed in 1535.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Cowell, John; The Interpreter of Words and Terms, 1607; ed. 1637; also -ed. augmented and improved, 1701.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Cursor Mundi, c. 1300; ed. R. Morris (EETS., 1874-92).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dähnert, J. C.; Platt-Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1781.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Davenant, Sir William; Dramatist and Poet-Laureate, see English Poets. -[Born 1605, died 1668.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Davies, T. L. O.; A Supplementary English Glossary, 1881.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dekker, Thomas; Dramatic Works; ed. by E. Rhys, 1873. [Born c. 1570, -died c. 1637.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Delesalle, Georges; Dictionnaire d’Argot Français, 1896.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Destruction of Troy, c. 1390; ed. G. A. Panton and D. Donaldson (EETS. -1869 and 1874).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dialoge Gregoire lo Pape, 12th cent.; ed. Foerster, 1876.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dict.: Etymological Dictionary of the English Language by W. W. Skeat, -ed. 4, 1910.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dict. M. & S.: A Concise Dictionary of Middle English, by A. L. Mayhew -and W. W. Skeat, 1888.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dictionarium Rusticum Urbanicum et Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Didot: Glossaire Français de Ducange, dans l’édition du Glossarium -publiée par M. Ambroise Firmin Didot, 1887.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Digby, George, Earl of Bristol; Elvira, a Comedy. [Born 1612, died -1676.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dinneen, P. S.; An Irish-English Dictionary, 1904.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dodsley, Robert; A Select Collection of Old English Plays, originally -published 1780; ed. W. Carew Hazlitt, 1876.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dozy, R.; Glossaire des Mots espagnols et portugais dérivés de l’Arabe; -ed. W. H. Engelmann, Leyde, 1869.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Drant, Thomas; tr. of Horace, Satires, 1566.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Drayton, Michael; Poems; see English Poets. [Born 1563, died 1631.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Drummond, William, of Hawthornden; Cypresse Grove, 1623.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dryden, John; Poetical Works, ed. 1851. [Born 1631, died 1701.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Ducange: Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis, conditum a Carolo -du Fresne, Domino Du Cange; ed. Henschel, 1883-7.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Dunbar, W.; Poems, ed. Small and Gregor (Scottish Text Soc., 1883-93). -[floruit 1500.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Earle, John; Micro-cosmographie, 1628; ed. Arber, 1868.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Earle, John; A Hand-book to the Land-Charters and other Saxonic -Documents, 1888.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Echard, Laurence; tr. of Plautus, 1694.</p> - -<p class='hang'>EDD.: English Dialect Dictionary, with English Dialect Grammar, edited -by Dr. Joseph Wright, 1905.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Eden, R.; The First Three English Books on America, 1511-55; ed. Arber, -1885.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Edwards, Richard; Damon and Pithias, 1564; in Dodsley’s Old English -Plays.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Elyot, Sir Thomas; The Boke named The Governour, 1531; ed. H. H. S. -Croft, 1883.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— The Castel of Helthe, 1533 (ed. 1539).</p> - -<p class='hang'>English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper, ed. A. Chalmers, 1810. 21 vols.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Estienne, Henri; La Précellence du Langage François, 1579; ed. Huguet, -1896.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Etherege, Sir George; Dramatist. [Born 1635.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Fabyan, Robert; Chronicles of England and France; ed. Henry Ellis, -1811. [Died 1512.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Fairfax, Edward; Godfrey of Bulloigno or the Recoverie of Hierusalem, -1600, a translation of Tasso’s poem.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Fanfani, Pietro; Vocabolario della Lingua Italiana, 1898.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Farquhar, George; Dramatist; Works, ed. 1840. [Born 1678, died 1707.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Ferrex and Porrex; see Gorboduc.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Field, Nathaniel; Dramatist [floruit 1610].</p> - -<p class='hang'>Fitzhorbert, John F.; Book of Husbandry, 1534; ed. W. W. Skeat -(Eng. Dialect Soc., 1882).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Fletcher, John; Dramatist. [Born 1576, died 1625.] See Beaumont.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Florio, John; A Worlde of Wordes, Dictionarie in Italian and English, -1598.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Italian and English Dictionary, and English and Italian Dictionary, -by G. Torriano, ed. 1688. This is the edition usually cited.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— tr. of the Essays of Montaigne, 1603.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Ford, John; Plays; ed. W. Gifford, 1827. [Born 1586, died 1639.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Foxe, John; Acts and Monuments (Book of Martyrs), 1563.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Franck, J.; Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, 1892.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Fritzner, Johan; Ordbog over det gamle norske Sprog, 1883.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Gamelyn, the Tale of; 14th cent.; ed. Skeat, 1893.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Gascoigne, George; Poet and Dramatist. Works, ed. W. C. Hazlitt, 1869. -[Born c. 1536, died 1577.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Genesis and Exodus, c. 1250; ed. R. Morris (EETS., 1865).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Geneva Bible (English), 1562.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Godefroy, F.; Dictionnaire de l’Ancienne Langue Française et de tous ses -Dialectes du ix<sup>e</sup> au xv<sup>e</sup> siècle, 1881-1902.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Godwin, Francis, Bishop of Hereford; Man in the Moone, ed. 1638. [Born -1561, died 1633.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Golding, Arthur, tr. of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, 1567; ed. 1603.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Googe, Barnaby; The Zodiac of Life, 1560-5; The Popish Kingdome, 1570; -Four Bokes of Husbandrie, tr. from Heresbach.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Gorbodue, The Tragedy of, by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton, produced -1561, printed 1565; authorized ed. 1571, under the name of Ferrex -and Porrex.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Gosson, Stephen; The School of Abuse, 1579; ed. Arber, 1868.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Gouldman, F.; A copious dictionary (Latin-English), founded on Holyoak, -1678.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Gower, John; Complete Works; ed. G. C. Macaulay, 1902. [Died 1402.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Greene, Robert; The Dramatic and Poetical Works of Rob. Greene and -Geo. Peele; ed. A. Dyce, 1883. [Born 1560, died 1592.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Grieb-Schröer; Englisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch, -1902.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Grimald, Nicholas; Poet; translator of ‘Tully’s Offices’. [Born c. 1519, -died 1562.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Grimm, Jacob; Teutonic Mythology; tr. by J. S. Stallybrass, 1880-8.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Grose, Francis; A Provincial Glossary with a Collection of Local Proverbs -and Popular Superstitions, ed. 2, 1790.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Habington, William; Castara, 1640; ed. Arber.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hall, Edward; Chronicle; printed by Grafton, 1548; ed. 1809. [Died -1547.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hall, Joseph, Bishop of Norwich; Satires in Six Books, 1598; ed. 1753.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Halliwell, J. O.; A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words; Fifth -edition, 1865.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hampole, Richard Rolle of; The Psalms of David, c. 1330; ed. H. R. -Bramley, 1884.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Harington, Sir John; Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse, 1591; -in English Poets.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Harman, Thomas; A Caveat or Warning for Common Cursetors, vulgarly -called Vagabones, 1566, ed. E. Viles and F. J. Furnivall (EETS., extra -series, 1869).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Harrison, William; A Description of England, edited from the first two -editions of Holinshed’s Chronicle, 1577, 1587, by F. J. Furnivall (New -Shakspere Society, 1878).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hatzfeld: Dictionnaire de la Langue Française, par MM. A. Hatzfeld, -A. Darmesteter, et A. Thomas, 1890-6.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hawes, Stephen; Passetyme of Pleasure, c. 1506; reprinted for the Percy -Soc., 1846.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hazlitt, W. Carew; Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of England, -1864-6.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— see Dodsley.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hearne, Thomas; Reliquiae Hearnianae (ed. P. Bliss, 1857). [Born 1678, -died 1735.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hellowes, Edward; Familiar Epistles of Sir Anthonie of Guevara, 1574.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Herbert, George; The Temple, 1633; facsimile reprint, 1885.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Herbert, Sir Thomas; Travels, 1665; ed. 1677.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hero and Leander, a paraphrase of the poem ascribed to Musaeus by -Marlowe, completed by Chapman, 1598; see NED. (s.v. Imperance).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Herrick, Robert; Poetical Works; ed. W. Carew Hazlitt, 1869. [Born -1591, died 1674.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hexham, H.; A large Netherdutch and English Dictionarie, Rotterdam, -1648.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Heylin, Peter; Microcosmus, 1621.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Heywood, John; English Proverbs, 1546; ed. John S. Farmer, 1906.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Heywood, Thomas; Dramatic Works; ed. 1874. [Temp. Elizabeth-Charles I.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Hoccleve (or Occleve), Thomas; De Regimine Principum, 14th cent.; ed. -by T. Wright (Roxburghe Club, 1860).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Holinshed, Ralph; Chronicles. Reprint of first ed., 1577-87.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Holland, Philemon; tr. of Pliny’s Natural History, 1634.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Howell, James; Epistolae Ho-Elianae, Familiar Letters; ed. 5, 1678.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Instructions for Foreign Travel, 1642 (ed. Arber, 1868). [Born c. -1594, died 1666.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Huloet, Richard; Abecedarium Anglo-Latinum, 1552.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Icelandic Dictionary: Cleasby and Vigfusson, Oxford, 1874.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Johnson, Samuel; Dictionary of the English Language, 1755.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Jonson, Ben; Works, ed. Gifford; reprint, 1860. [Born 1574, died 1637.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Joyce, P. W.; English as we Speak it in Ireland, 1910.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Kilian, C.; Old Dutch Dictionary, 1777.</p> - -<p class='hang'>King Alisaunder; see Weber’s Metrical Romances.</p> - -<p class='hang'>King Horn, The Geste of, c. 1250; ed. Lumby (EETS., 1867).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Kluge, F.; Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache, ed. 5, 1894.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Koolman, J.; Wörterbuch der Ostfriesischen Sprache, 1884. [The dialect -is not E. Frisian; it is a variety of Low German.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Kyd, Thomas; Spanish Tragedy, 1592; ed. J. Schick, 1901.</p> - -<p class='hang'>La Curne de Sainte-Palaye; Dictionnaire historique de l’ancien langage -françois, 10 vols., 1882.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Latimer, Hugh; Seven Sermons before Edward VI, 1549; ed. Arber, 1869. -[Died Oct. 16, 1555.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Levy, E.; Petit Dictionnaire Provençal-Français, 1909.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Lexer, Matthias; Mittelhoehdeutsches Handwörterbuch, 1872-8.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Lindisfarne Gospels, the Northumbrian version; see Anglo-Saxon Gospels.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Littré, É.; Dictionnaire de la Langue Française, 1877.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Locrine, Tragedy of; authorship doubtful, perhaps by Thomas Kyd.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Lydgate, John; The Storie of Thebes, printed 1561.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Temple of Glas; ed. Dr. J. Schick (EETS., extra series, 1891). -[Born c. 1370, died c. 1460.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Lyly, John; Euphues, 1580; ed. Arber, 1868.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Dramatic Works; ed. F. W. Fairholt, 1856. [Born c. 1553, died 1606.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Machin, Lewis; Play-writer. The Dumbe Knight, 1608 (in collaboration -with Gervase Markham); see NED. (s.v. Mountcent).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Malory, Sir Thomas; Le Morte Arthur, 1485; printed by Caxton; exact -reprint, ed. H. O. Sommer, 1889-91.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Manchester, Earl of (Sir Henry Montagu); Manchester Al Mondo, 1633; -reprinted from the fourth impression (1638-9), Frowde, 1902.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Marlowe, Christopher; Works, ed. F. Cunningham, 1870; ed. C. F. -Tucker Brooke, 1910. [Born 1564, died 1593.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Marmion, Shakerley; Poet and Dramatist. [Born 1602, died 1639.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Marston, John; Works; ed. J. O. Halliwell, 1856. His first work, Scourge -of Villanie, printed in 1598.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Martin, E., and Lienhart, H.; Wörterbuch der elsässischen Mundarten.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Marvell, Andrew; Poet, Satirist in prose and verse. [Born 1620, died -1678.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Massinger, Philip; Plays; ed. F. Cunningham, 1868. [Born 1584, died -1640.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Mayne, Jasper (Archdeacon); Play-writer, The City Match, printed 1639, -and The Amorous War, printed 1648.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Merlin, a Prose Romance, c. 1440; ed. H. B. Wheatley (EETS., 1869); -Pt. iv, ed. W. E. Mead (EETS., 1899).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Middleton, T.; Plays, ed. H. Ellis (Mermaid Series). [Born 1570, died -1627.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Milton, John; Paradise Lost, 1665; Paradise Regained, and Samson -Agonistes, 1671. [Born 1608, died 1674.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Minsheu, J.; The Guide into the Tongues, 1617; ed. 2, 1627.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— A Dictionary in Spanish and English, 1623.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Mirrour for Magistrates, a collection of poems to which T. Sackville, Lord -Buckhurst, contributed ‘The Induction’, and ‘The Complaint’, 1559-63; -ed. Jos. Hazlewood, 1815. See Baldwyne; Sackville.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Moisy, Henri; Glossaire Anglo-Normand. Caen. 1895.</p> - -<p class='hang'>More, Sir T.; Works, printed in 1557. [Died 1535.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Utopia, tr. by R. Robynson, 1551; ed. Arber, 1869; ed. Lumby, 1879.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Richard III; ed. Lumby, 1882.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Morte Arthur; see Malory.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Morte Arthure (an alliterative poem); c. 1440; ed. E. Brock (EETS., 1865.)</p> - -<p class='hang'>Munday, Anthony; Play-writer, ballad-writer, and pamphleteer; The -Mirror of Mutabilitie, or Principal Part of the Mirrour of Magistrates: -Selected out of the Sacred Scriptures.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Nabbes, Thomas; Dramatist; Microcosmus, 1637.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Napier, A. S.; Old English Glosses (Anecdota Oxoniensia, 1900).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Nares, Robert; A Glossary to the Works of English Authors, particularly -Shakespeare and his contemporaries, 1822; a new ed. by J. O. Halliwell -and Thomas Wright, 1859, reprinted 1876. [Born 1753, died 1829.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>NED.; The New English Dictionary. Editors, Sir James Murray, Dr. Henry -Bradley, and Dr. William Craigie. The Clarendon Press, Oxford.</p> - -<p class='hang'>North, Sir Thomas; Translation of Plutarch’s Lives, 1595.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Shakespeare’s Plutarch, being a Selection from North’s Plutarch, by -W. W. Skeat, 1875.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Norton, Thomas; Collaborator with Thomas Sackville in writing the first -English tragedy of <span class='it'>Gorboduc</span>, 1561; and of Sternhold and Hopkins, in a -version of the Psalms, 1562. Translator of Calvin’s Institutes, 1561.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Notes on English Etymology, W. W. Skeat, 1901.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Occleve; see Hoccleve.</p> - -<p class='hang'>O’Curry, E.; Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish, 3 vols., 1873.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Oldest English Texts; ed. H. Sweet (EETS., 1886).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Oldham, John; Poetical Works, ed. by Robert Bell, 1871. [Born 1653, -died 1683.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Oxford Records: Selections from the Records of the City of Oxford, -1509-83; ed. W. H. Turner, 1880.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Palsgrave, Jehan; Lesclaircissement de la Langue Françoyse, 1530; -reprint, Paris, 1852.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Paston Letters, 1422-1509; ed. J. Gairdner, 1872-5.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Paul, H.; Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1897.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Peele, George; Dramatic and Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1839. [Died -1597.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Pepys, Samuel; Diary, 1659-69; ed. Lord Braybrooke.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Phaer, Thomas; The Nyne First Books of the Æneid of Virgil, 1562; the -translation was finished by Twyne. [Born c. 1510, died 1560.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Phillips, Edward; The New World of Words, or Universal English -Dictionary, 1706.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Piers Plowman, 1362-1400; ed. W. W. Skeat, with Notes and Glossary, -1877-84.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Plantin, Christophe; Thesaurus Theutonicae Linguae, 1573.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Plowman’s Tale, The, c. 1400; printed in The Works of Jeffrey Chaucer, -ed. Th. Speght, 1687; reprinted in Political Poems and Songs; see -below.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Political Poems and Songs, ed. Thomas Wright (Rolls Series, 1859-61).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Pollard, A. W.; English Miracle Plays, Moralities and Interludes, 1890.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Prompt.: Promptorium Parvulorun, c. 1440; ed. A. Way (Camden Soc., -1843-65); also, A. L. Mayhew (EETS., extra series, CII, 1908).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Proverbs. A Handbook of Proverbs, collected by H. G. Bohn, containing -Ray’s Collection, with Large Additions, 1870.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Proverbs. Early English Proverbs, collected by W. W. Skeat, 1910.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Proverbs of Hendyng, 1272-1307; printed in Reliquiae Antiquae (ed. -Wright and Halliwell), and in J. M. Kemble’s Appendix to ‘The -Dialogues of Salomon and Saturn’ (Ælfric Society, 1848).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Psalter (Anglo-Norman), 12th cent.; ed. by F. Michel from a Bodleian MS., -Oxford, 1850.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Psalter of the Great Bible, 1539; ed. John Earle, 1894.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Psalter, Old English; see Vespasian Psalter.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Puttenham, G.; The Arte of English Poesie, 1589; ed. Arber, 1869.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Quarles, Francis; Argalus and Parthenia, 1621; Emblems Divine and -Moral, 1635.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Rabelais, Œuvres de, avec un Glossaire par M. Pierre Jannet, 1874.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Randolph, Thomas; Dramatist; The Muses’ Looking-Glass, 1638.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Ray, John; A Collection of English Proverbs, 1670; ed. 5, H. G. Bohn, -1870.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— A Collection of English Words, 2nd ed. 1691; rearranged and edited -by W. W. Skeat (EDS., 1874).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Return from Parnassus, The; Pt. i acted in Cambridge, 1601; ed. W. D. -Macray, 1886; Pt. ii, acted 1602. The whole edited by Arber, 1870.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Reynard the Fox, translated and printed by William Caxton, 1481; -ed. Arber, 1878.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Richard the Redeles, printed with the C text of Piers the Plowman; ed. -W. W. Skeat, 1886.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Rietz, J. E.; Svenskt Dialekt-Lexicon, 1867.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Robert of Gloucester’s Chronicle, c. 1298; ed. T. Hearne, 1724; reprinted, -1810; ed. W. Aldis Wright (Rolls Series, 1887).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Robynson, Raphe; tr. of More’s Utopia, 2nd ed. 1556; ed. J. R. Lumby, -1879; ed. Arber. See More, Sir T.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Rogers, Daniel; Divine Naaman the Syrian, 1642.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Roister Doister, see Udall.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Rollo, Richard, of Hampole; died 1349; see Hampole.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Romaunt of the Rose. A translation of the French Roman de la Rose; -Part A by Chaucer; Part B in Northern (Lincoln) dialect; Part C of -unknown origin; ed. Skeat (Student’s Chaucer).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Rönsch, Hermann; Itala und Vulgata, 1875 (Die Römische Volkssprache).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Roquette, J. I.; Dictionnaire Portugais-Français, Paris, 1855.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Rough List: of English Words found in Anglo-French, in Skeat’s Notes on -English Etymology, 1901.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Rowley, William; Comedian and Playwright. A Search for Money; -or the Lamentable Complaint for the Losse of the Wandering Knight, -Monsieur l’Argent, 1609.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst [born 1536, died 1608]; see Gorboduc, -Mirrour for Magistrates. Works ed. by R. W. Sackville-West, 1859.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Sainéan, L.; L’Argot ancien, 1907.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Sandys, George; A Relation of a Journey, 1610; ed. 3, 1632.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Schade, Oskar; Altdeutsches Wörterbuch, 1872-82.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Schmid, Johann Christoph von; Schwäbisches Wörterbuch, 1844.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Schmidt, Alexander; Shakespeare-Lexicon, 1874-5.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Sewel, W.; Dictionary, English and Dutch, Dutch and English, 1727; -ed. 5, 1754; augmented and improved by Egbert Buys, 1766.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Shadwell, Thomas; Dramatist, Poet Laureate. [Born 1640, died 1692.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Shakespeare. The Globe Edition; ed. by W. G. Clark and W. Aldis -Wright, 1864. References generally as in Schmidt’s Lexicon. His -Dramas and Poems are referred to by the name of the Play or Poem -alone.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Sherwood, Robert (‘Londoner’); A Dictionary. English and French, 1672 -(serves as an English index to Cotgrave, ed. 1673).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Shirley, James; Dramatic Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1833. [Born c. 1594, died -1666.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Sidney, Sir Philip; Arcadia, 1581, published 1590; Apology for Poetrie, -1595; ed. Arber, 1868.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Sin. Barth.: Sinonyma Bartholomei, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota -Oxoniensia, 1887).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Skelton, John; Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1843. [Born c. 1460, died -1529.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Skinner, S.; Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae, 1671.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Spenser: The Complete Works of Edmund Spenser. The Globe edition, -ed. by R. Morris. Shepherds’ Calendar [Shep. Kal.], 1579; Faery Queen -[F. Q.], 1590-6.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Stanford: The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases; ed. -C. A. M. Fennell, 1892.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Stanyhurst, Richard; tr. of Aeneid, bks. i-iv, 1582; ed. Arber, 1880.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Stevens, John; Spanish and English Dictionary, 1706.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Stow, John; Survey of London, 1598; ed. Thoms, 1842.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Strutt, Joseph; The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, 1801; -ed. W. Horne, 1834.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Stubbes, Philip; Anatomy of the Abuses in England, 1583; ed. F. J. -Furnivall, 1877-9.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Student’s Pastime, A; Selections of Articles reprinted from ‘Notes and -Queries’, by W. W. Skeat, 1896.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Surrey, Earl of (Henry Howard) [died 1547]. Poems; in Tottel’s Miscellany.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Sweet, Henry; The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon, 1897.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Tarlton, Richard; Satirist; Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, publ. 1590. -[Died 1588.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Thersites, An Interlude, first performed in August, 1537; 1st ed. c. 1560; -reprinted 1820, included in Hazlitt’s ed. of Dodsley’s Old English Plays; -extracts printed in English Miracle Plays, ed. A. W. Pollard, 1890.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Thomas, Antoine; Essais de Philologie Française, 1897.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Tomkis (or Tomkys), Thomas; Plays in Hazlitt’s Dodsley. Albumazar, -1615.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Topsell, Edward; The History of four-footed Beasts and Serpents, -1608.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Tottel, Richard; Printer of Tottel’s Miscellany, a collection of verses, -known in society, but never before published, by the Earl of Surrey, -Sir Thomas Wyatt, and others, 1557; ed. Arber, 1870.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Tourneur, Cyril; Plays and Poems; ed. J. Churton Collins, 1878. [Born -c. 1575, died 1626.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Towneley Mysteries, c. 1450; printed for Surtees Soc., 1836; also ed. -G. England and A. W. Pollard (EETS., extra series, 1897).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Trench, Richard C. (Archbishop); Select Glossary, ed. 7, 1890 (revised by -A. L. Mayhew).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Trevisa, John of; Translation of Higden’s Polychronicon, 1387; ed. -J. R. Lumby (Rolls Series, 1865-6).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Tuke, Sir Samuel; Dramatist. Adventures of Five Hours, 1663; in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Turbervile, George; see English Poets. -—— Booke of Venerie [Hunting], 1575.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Tusser, Thomas; Five hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie; first ed. 1573; -ed. Payne and Herrtage (EDS., 1878).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Twyne, Thomas; Completion of Phaer’s translation of the Aeneid, 1573.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Tyndale, William; The Whole Workes of W. Tyndale, John Frith, and -Doctor Barnes, printed by John Daye, 1572. Tyndale’s Translation of -the New Testament into English was first printed in 1525.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Udall, Nicholas; Roister Doister, c. 1553; ed. Arber, 1869. Translation of -the Apophthegmes of Erasmus, 1532.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Vanbrugh, Sir John; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1666, died -1726.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Vespasian Psalter, the OE. (Mercian) interlinear version, printed in ‘Oldest -English Texts’ (q.v.).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Voc.: Wright’s Old English Vocabularies; ed. Wülcker, 1884; see also -Wright, Thomas.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Warner, William; Albion’s England, 1586; see English Poets.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Weber’s Metrical Romances, 1810. Vol. 1 contains King Alisaunder, -c. 1310.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Webster, John; Works; ed. A. Dyce; new ed. 1857. [Born 1607, died -1661.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Weigand, Friedrich; Deutsches Wörterbuch; ed. 3, 1878.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Westward Ho, a play by Dekker and Webster, 1607.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Wever, R.; An Enterlude called Lusty Juventus, 1550.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Wilkins, George; Miseries of Inforst Marriage, 1607; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -ix. 533.</p> - -<p class='hang'>William of Palerne, The Romance of, c. 1350; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., -1867).</p> - -<p class='hang'>Withals, John; A Short Dictionarie for yonge beginners, 1556.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Worlidge, J.; Dictionarium Rusticum, 1681.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Wright, Thomas; A Volume of Vocabularies, 1857; ed. 2, privately -printed, 1882.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Wright, William Aldis; The Bible Word-Book, 2nd ed., 1884.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Wyatt, Sir Thomas; Poetical Works; ed. R. Bell, 1854. [Born 1503, -died 1542.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Wycherley, William; Dramatic Works; ed. 1840, with those of Congreve, -Vanbrugh, and Farquhar. [Born c. 1640, died 1715.]</p> - -<p class='hang'>Wyclif, John; The Holy Bible, 1382-8; ed. Forshall and Madden, 1850.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— New Testament, with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat.</p> - -<p class='hang'>—— Job, Psalms, &c., with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat.</p> - -<p class='hang'>Wynkyn de Worde (Jan van Wynkyn), native of Worth in Alsace. -Printer. Came to England with Caxton from Bruges 1476, died c. 1534.</p> - -<p class='hang'>York Plays, c. 1430; ed. Miss L. Toulmin Smith, 1885.</p> - -<div><h1>ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#berry'>berry</a>.</span></span> In the Malone Society’s Reprint, 1. 1432, of Quarto 1599, the -text is:</p> - -<div class='literal-container' style='margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;'><div class='literal'> <!-- rend=';' --> -<p class='line'>‘A berrie of faire Rooes I saw to day</p> -<p class='line'>Down by the groves, and there I’ll take my stand,</p> -<p class='line'>And shoot at one.’</p> -</div></div> <!-- end rend --> - -<p class='noindent'>Probably the correct reading would be ‘a bevie of faire Rooes’ (i.e. a number -of fair roe-deer). But see NED. (s.v. Berry, sb.<sup>3</sup>), where the word is -used as the special name for a company of rabbits.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#bulk1'>bulk</a>,</span></span> the trunk, body of a person; cp. Richard III, i. 4. 40, ‘The -envious flood Stopt in my soul . . . smother’d it within my panting bulk.’</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#burgullian'>Burgullian</a>.</span></span> Perhaps a contemptuous form of <span class='it'>Burgundian</span> (or <span class='it'>Burgonian</span>), -a native of Burgundy, with reference to John Larrosse, ‘a Burgonian -by nation and a fencer by profession’, who challenged all comers -in 1598.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#forslow'>forslow</a>.</span></span> For <span class='it'>Macilense</span> read <span class='it'>Macilente</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#Napier'>Napier’s bones</a>,</span></span> invented by John Napier, eighth laird of Merchiston -[not Lord Napier].</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#skibbered'>skibbered</a>.</span></span> The reading of the Bodleian MS. <span class='it'>skybredd</span> shows that the -meaning of the word is <span class='it'>sky-bred</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#sothery'>sothery</a>.</span></span> The play referred to is <span class='it'>The Four P’s</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#Spargirica'>spargirica</a>.</span></span> B. Jonson’s spelling <span class='it'>spagyrica</span> may be defended from -French usage; cp. Dict. de l’Acad., 1672: ‘<span class='it'>Spagyrique</span> ou <span class='it'>Spagirique</span>. Il se -dit de la Chimie qui s’occupe de l’analyse des métaux, et de la recherche -de la pierre philosophale. C’est la même chose que la <span class='it'>Chimie métallurgique</span> -ou la <span class='it'>Métallurgie</span>’. The word <span class='it'>spagyrique</span> in the phrase ‘un philosophe -spagyrique’ occurs frequently in Anatole France’s ‘La Rôtisserie de la -Reine Pédauque’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#strummel'>strummel</a>.</span></span> <span class='it'>Strummel-patch’d</span> (so Gifford). The 1616 Folio reads -‘whoreson strummel, patch’t, goggle-ey’d Grumbledories’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#trash1'>trash</a>.</span></span> For Othello, ii. 1. 132, read ii. 1. 312; and see Schmidt’s note -on the word.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#turm'>turm</a>.</span></span> Milton, P. R. iv. 66.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'><a href='#warden'>warden</a>.</span></span> <span class='it'>Dele</span> or (from the arms of Warden Abbey).</p> - -<div><h1 id='A'>A</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aband,</span></span> to abandon. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 65; Mirror for Magistrates, -Albanact, st. 20.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abatures,</span></span> the traces left by a stag in the underwood through which -he has passed. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 26, p. 68. F. <span class='it'>abatture</span>, a throwing -down. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abeare,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex.</span>, to demean oneself. Only in Spenser in this sense, -F. Q. v. 12. 19; vi. 9. 45.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='abiliments'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abiliments,</span></span> ‘abiliments of war’, warlike accoutrements, things -which made ‘able’ for war. More, Richard III (ed. 1641, 414). OF. -(<span class='it'>h</span>)<span class='it'>abillement</span>, ‘tout ce qui est propre à quelque chose, machines de guerre’ -(Didot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>able,</span></span> to warrant, vouch for. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio); -King Lear, iv. 6. 173.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ablesse,</span></span> ability. Only in Chapman, Iliad, v. 248.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abode,</span></span> to forebode, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 93. An announcement, Chapman, -Iliad, xiii. 146, 226. Cp. OE. <span class='it'>ābēodan</span>, to announce (pp. <span class='it'>āboden</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abodement,</span></span> a foreboding, presage, omen. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abord,</span></span> used by Spenser for <span class='it'>abroad</span>, adrift. Ruins of Rome, xiv; -Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 324.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aborde,</span></span> to approach. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 99, back, l. 8; lf. -103. 6; ‘<span class='it'>I aborde</span>, as one shyppe dothe an-other’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>aborder</span>, -to come to the side of; from <span class='it'>à</span>, to, <span class='it'>bord</span>, side.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='abraid1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abraid, abray,</span></span> in Spenser, to start out of sleep, a swoon, to awake; -‘I did out of sleepe abray’, F. Q. iv. 6. 36; ‘Sir Satyrane abraid Out of -the swowne’, F. Q. iv. 4. 22; to arouse, startle, ‘For feare lest her unwares -she should abrayd’, F. Q. iii. 1. 61; ‘The brave maid would not for -courtesie, Out of his quiet slumber him abrade’, F. Q. iii. 11. 8. ME. -<span class='it'>abreyde</span>, to start up, start from sleep, awake (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>ābregdan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abraid,</span></span> to upbraid. Greene, Alphonsus, ii (Belinus), ed. Dyce, 231; -‘I abrayde one, I caste one in the tethe’, Palsgrave. A n. Yorks. form -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Abram-colour’d,</span></span> auburn. Said of a beard. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, ii. 2 (Curvetto); Coriolanus, ii. 3. 21. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Abram-man, Abraham-man,</span></span> a sham patriarch, a begging vagabond. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 5; Massinger, New Way, ii. 1 -(Marrall); ‘An Abraham-man is he that walketh bare-armed, and bare-legged, -and fayneth hymselfe mad, . . . and nameth himselfe poor Tom’, -Awdeley, Fraternity of Vagabonds, p. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abron,</span></span> auburn. ‘Curled head With abron locks was fairly furnished’, -Hall, Satires, v. 8. A Shropsh. pronunciation (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>auborne</span>, -Med. L. <span class='it'>alburnus</span>, ‘subalbus’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abrook,</span></span> to brook, endure. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abrupt,</span></span> separated, parted asunder. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 -(Maria); as subst., an abrupt place, a precipice over an abyss, Milton, -P. L. ii. 409.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>absey-book,</span></span> a spelling-book, primer. King John, i. 1. 196. For <span class='it'>A-B-C -book</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='aby'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aby,</span></span> to pay the penalty for. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 175; Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 8. 33. ME. <span class='it'>abye</span>, to pay for (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A</span>. 4393); OE. <span class='it'>ābycgan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='acates'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acates,</span></span> provisions that are purchased. B. Jonson, Staple of News, -ii. 1 (P. sen.); Sad Shepherd, i. 3. 19. Norm. F. <span class='it'>acat</span>, purchase (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accent,</span></span> misused with the sense of ‘scent’. ‘The vines with blossoms -do abound, which yield a sweet <span class='it'>accént</span>’, Drayton, Harmonie of the Church; -Sol. Song, ch. ii. l. 28.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>access,</span></span> an attack of illness. Also spelt <span class='it'>axes</span>, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -315; <span class='it'>accesses</span>, pl., Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 822. <span class='it'>Access</span> is used in Kent and -Sussex for an ague-fit (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>accès</span>, cp. ‘<span class='it'>un accès de fièvre</span>’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accite,</span></span> to summon. 2 Hen. IV, v. 2. 141; Titus Andron. i. 1. 27; -Chapman, tr. Iliad, ii. 376, has ‘summon’ (his first version had <span class='it'>accite</span>); -pt. t. <span class='it'>accited</span>, id. xi. 595; <span class='it'>accite</span>, imp., Heywood, Dialogue iv; vol. vi. -p. 163. L. <span class='it'>accitare</span>, to summon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accite,</span></span> to excite. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 67; B. Jonson, Underwoods -(ed. 1692, p. 563).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accloye,</span></span> to stop up, choke (with weeds). Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 15; -‘<span class='it'>accloyed</span>, as a Horse, Accloy’d or Cloyed, i.e. nail’d or prickt in the -shooing’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. F. <span class='it'>encloyer</span>, ‘to cloy, choak, or stop up’ -(Cotgr.). Med. L. <span class='it'>inclavare</span>, to lame a horse with a nail while shoeing -(Ducange); L. <span class='it'>clavus</span>, a nail.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accomplement,</span></span> accomplishment. Shaks. (?), Edw. III, iv. 6. 66. -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accourt,</span></span> to entertain courteously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='accoy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accoy,</span></span> to daunt, tame, soothe. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 48; F. Q. iv. -8. 59. OF. <span class='it'>acoier</span>, to quiet; deriv. of <span class='it'>coi</span>, quiet; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>acquietare</span> (<span class='it'>adquietare</span>), -‘quietum reddere’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='accoyl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accoyl,</span></span> to assemble, gather together. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30. OF. -<span class='it'>acoillir</span>, to assemble; Med. L. <span class='it'>accolligere</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>accumber, acomber,</span></span> to encumber, oppress. ‘That my sowle be -not <span class='it'>acombred</span>’, Reynard the Fox (ed. Arber, p. 34). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>encumbrer</span>, -‘accabler’ (Ch. Rol. 15).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>achates,</span></span> provisions, purchased as required. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 31. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#acates'>acates</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acknown,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> acknowledged. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 229; <span class='it'>to be acknown on</span>, -to confess knowledge of, Othello, iii. 3. 320; <span class='it'>to be acknowen of</span>, to acknowledge, -Puttenham, English Poesie, iii. 22 (p. 260). OE. <span class='it'>oncnāwen</span>, pp. of -<span class='it'>oncnāwan</span>, to acknowledge.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a-cop,</span></span> on high; sticking up. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Drugger). -OE. <span class='it'>copp</span>, top, summit.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acopus,</span></span> a restorative plant, mentioned by Pliny. Middleton, The -Witch, v. 2 (Hecate). L. <span class='it'>acopus</span>, Gk. ἄκοπος; ἀ, not + κόπος, weariness.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acquest,</span></span> an acquisition, gain. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, -pp. 90, 172). OF. <span class='it'>aquest</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>acquistum</span> (Ducange), L. <span class='it'>acquisitum</span>, a -thing acquired.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>acquist,</span> Milton, Samson Ag. 1755. Directly from the Latin, or from -the Ital. <span class='it'>acquisto</span>.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acroche,</span></span> to grasp, try to acquire. ‘<span class='it'>I acroche</span>, as a man dothe -that wynneth goodes or landes off another by sleyght, <span class='it'>Iaccroche</span>’, -Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>acton;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haqueton'>haqueton</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>actuate,</span></span> to act. Massinger, Roman Actor, iv. 2 (Paris). Med. L. -<span class='it'>actuare</span>, ‘perficere’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aculeate,</span></span> pointed. Bacon, Essay 57, § 5. L. <span class='it'>aculeus</span>, a sting, sharp -point. L. <span class='it'>acus</span>, a needle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adamant,</span></span> a load-stone, magnet. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 195; Marlowe, -Edw. II, ii. 5 (Arundel). ME. <span class='it'>adamaunt</span>, the loadstone or magnet -(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1182).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Adamite,</span></span> a member of a sect that dispensed with clothes at their -meetings. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 4 (Mis. Car.). Cp. The Guardian, -no. 134 (Aug. 14, 1713), § last.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adaunt,</span></span> to quell, subdue. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8. 11; leaf 79, -back, l. 5. OF. <span class='it'>adonter</span>, <span class='it'>donter</span>, L. <span class='it'>domitare</span>, to tame (Virgil).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adauntreley,</span></span> error for <span class='it'>ad[u]aunt-relay</span>, lit. a relay in front; a laying -on of fresh hounds to take up a chase. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 -(Amoretto). From <span class='it'>aduaunt</span> (<span class='it'>avaunt</span>) and <span class='it'>relay</span>; see <span class='it'>Avant-lay</span> in NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='adaw'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adaw,</span></span> to daunt, suppress, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13; iv. 6. -26; v. 9. 35; Shep. Kal., Feb., 141. A word due to the ME. adv. <span class='it'>adawe</span>, -in phr. <span class='it'>do adawe</span>, to put out of life (lit. day), to quell. The ME. <span class='it'>adawe</span> = -OE. <span class='it'>of dagum</span>, out of days.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>addulce,</span></span> to sweeten, render palatable. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, -p. 84).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='adelantado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adelantado,</span></span> a Spanish grandee, a lord-lieutenant. Spelt <span class='it'>adalantado</span>; -B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Puntarvolo); Alchemist, iii. 2 -(Face); Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Span. <span class='it'>adelantado</span>, promoted, -advanced, pp. of <span class='it'>adelantar</span>, to advance. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lantedo'>lantedo</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adjection,</span></span> addition. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 6. 5. L. <span class='it'>adjectio</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adjouste,</span></span> to add, give; lit. to adjust. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 43. -2; lf. 141, back, 24.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adminiculation,</span></span> aid, help, support. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, -bk. i, c. 3, § last; c. 8, § 6; c. 13, § 4. Med. L. <span class='it'>adminiculatio</span>, ‘auxilium’, -<span class='it'>adminiculus</span>, ‘minister’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>admire,</span></span> to wonder. Milton, P. L. ii. 677; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. 167.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adore.</span></span> A form of <span class='it'>adorn</span> in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 46.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adoubted,</span></span> afraid. Morte Arthur, leaf 241. 2; bk. x, c. 12 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adowbe,</span></span> to adub, to equip, array. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 32. 28; -lf. 222. 15. Also <span class='it'>adubbe</span>, to dub a knight, id. 312. 31. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aduber</span>, -‘armer’ (Ch. Rol.), also <span class='it'>adubber</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adrad,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> dreaded. Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 4; frightened; -Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 304. ME. <span class='it'>adrad</span>, afraid (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 605); -OE. <span class='it'>ofdrǣd</span>, frightened.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adrop</span></span> (ádrop), a term in alchemy; either the lead out of which the -mercury was to be extracted to make ‘the philosopher’s stone’, or the -stone itself. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surface).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adust,</span></span> parched, burnt up. Bacon, Essay 36; Milton, P. L. xii. 635. -Also <span class='it'>adusted</span>, P. L. vi. 514. L. <span class='it'>adustus</span>, burnt up, pp. of <span class='it'>adurere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advaile,</span></span> ‘avail’, advantage, profit. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, -c. 9, § 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advant-garde,</span></span> vanguard. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 35; bk. i, -c. 15. F. <span class='it'>avant-garde</span> (Cotgr.) See Dict. (s.v. Van).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advaunt,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex.</span>, to boast, brag, ‘vaunt’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 4 (end); bk. i, c. 15, § 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advision,</span></span> vision. Morte Arthur, leaf 14. 15; Table of Contents, -xiv. 7. ME. <span class='it'>avisioun</span> (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>advoutresse,</span></span> an adulteress. Roister Doister, v. 3. 9. Bacon, Essay -19, § 6. ME. <span class='it'>avoutresse</span> (Wyclif, Rom. vii. 3); OF. <span class='it'>avoutresse</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>adyt, addit,</span></span> a recess or sanctuary of a temple. Greene, A Looking-glass, -iv. 3 (1543); p. 137, col. 1. L. <span class='it'>adytum</span>, Gk. ἄδυτον, not to be -entered, sacred; from ἀ, not, δύειν, to enter.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aerie</span></span> (in Shakespeare), the brood of a bird of prey, and particularly of -hawks, King John, v. 2. 149; Rich. III, i. 3. 264; ‘aerie of children’ (with -reference to the young choristers of the Chapel Royal and St. Paul’s, who -took part in plays), Hamlet ii. 2. 354. The word represents an OF. <span class='it'>airiée</span>, -pp. of <span class='it'>aairier</span>, <span class='it'>adairier</span>, Romanic type <span class='it'>adareare</span>, der. of Med. L. <span class='it'>area</span>, ‘accipitrum -nidus’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aeromancy,</span></span> divination by the air. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, -i. 2 (188); scene 2. 17 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aesture,</span></span> surge, raging of the sea. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 111. -Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>aestus</span>, the heaving motion of the sea.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>afeard,</span></span> afraid. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 28; <span class='it'>affered</span>, Dryden, Cock and Fox, -136. In gen. prov. use throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>afered</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 482, OE. <span class='it'>āfǣred</span>, frightened, pp. of <span class='it'>āfǣran</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affamed of,</span></span> famished by, starved by. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 248, -back, 2. F. <span class='it'>affamé</span>, famished, starved (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affect,</span></span> to love, be fond of. Two Gent. iii. 1. 82; Two Noble Kinsmen, -ii. 4. 2. L. <span class='it'>affectare</span>, to strive after a thing passionately.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affect,</span></span> affection, passion. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 45; vi. 5. 24; Hymn -in Honour of Love, 180. L. <span class='it'>affectus</span>, passion, desire.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affectionate,</span></span> to feel affection for. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, -iii. 3; scene 10. 78 (W.); p. 171, col. 1 (D.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affrap,</span></span> to strike sharply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 26; iii. 2. 6. Ital. -<span class='it'>affrappare</span>, to beat (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affret,</span></span> onset, fierce encounter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; iv. 3. 16. Cp. -Ital. <span class='it'>affrettare</span>, to hasten, make speed (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affront,</span></span> to meet face to face, to encounter. Hamlet, iii. 1. 31; Ford, -Perkin Warbeck, v. 1 (Dalyell). <span class='it'>Affront</span>, an accost, meeting. Greene, Tu -Quoque, or The City Gallant; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 265. F. <span class='it'>affronter</span>, -‘to come before, or face to face’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>affy,</span></span> to betroth, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 80; <span class='it'>to affy in</span>, to trust in, Titus Andron. -i. 1. 47. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>afier</span>, ‘affirmer, assurer; mettre sa confiance en, se fier -à’ (Moisy). Med. L. <span class='it'>affidare</span>, ‘fidem dare’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>afterclap,</span></span> an unexpected consequence, generally unpleasant. Latimer, -Serm. I, 27; <span class='it'>after-claps</span>, pl., Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 4; Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 49; Taylor, Life of Old Parr (EDD.). In prov. use in various parts of -England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agate,</span></span> on the way. ‘Let him agate’; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 6 (Phantastes); -‘Let us be agate, let us start’; Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 25. In prov. use in the north country, and in various other -parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agazed,</span></span> astounded, amazed. Surrey, Description of Restless State, 44 in -Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 4); <span class='it'>agaz’d on</span>, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. 126. Prob. a variant -of ME. <span class='it'>agast</span> (Wyclif), E. <span class='it'>aghast</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agerdows,</span></span> compounded of sour and sweet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -1250. F. <span class='it'>aigre-doux</span>, sour-sweet. L. <span class='it'>acer</span> and <span class='it'>dulcis</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aggrace,</span></span> to shew grace and favour. Pt. t. <span class='it'>agraste</span>; Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. -18. Hence <span class='it'>aggrace</span>, sb. favour; id. ii. 8. 56. Ital. <span class='it'>aggraziare</span>, to confer a -favour; <span class='it'>agratiare</span>, to favour (Florio). Med. L. <span class='it'>aggratiare</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aggrate,</span></span> to please, delight, charm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 50; v. 11. 19; -vi. 10. 33. Ital. <span class='it'>aggratare</span>, ‘to sute’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aglet,</span></span> the metal end or tag of a lace. ‘He made hys pen of the aglet of -a poynte that he plucked from hys hose’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. 1869, p. 117); -a metallic stud or spangle. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 5; ‘<span class='it'>Tremolante</span>, aglets or -spangles’ (Florio). In Cumberland the metal end of a bootlace is called -an <span class='it'>aglet</span> (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>aglet</span>, to lace wyth alle (Prompt. Harl. MS.). F. -<span class='it'>aiguillette</span>, a point (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agloute,</span></span> to feed to satisfaction, to glut. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf -187, back, 14; lf. 41, back, 5. ME. <span class='it'>aglotye</span> (P. Plowman, C. x. 76). See -NED. (s.v. Aglut).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agnize,</span></span> to recognize, acknowledge. Othello, i. 3. 232; <span class='it'>agnise</span>, Udall, -Erasmus Apophth. (ed. 1877, 271). Formed on the analogy of <span class='it'>recognize</span>, -cp. L. <span class='it'>agnoscere</span>, to acknowledge.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a-good,</span></span> in good earnest, heartily. Two Gent. of Verona, iv. 3; Udall, -Roister Doister, iii. 4 (near the end); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Ithamar). -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agreve,</span></span> to aggravate, make more grievous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i. c. 6 (end); Sir T. More, Rich. III (ed. Lumby, p. 68, l. 13). ME. -<span class='it'>agrevyn</span>, ‘aggravare’ (Prompt. EETS. 200). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>agrever</span> (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='agrim'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agrim, agrum,</span></span> a common 16th-cent. form of ‘algorism’, a name for -the Arabic or decimal system of numeration, hence arithmetic; ‘I reken, -I counte by cyfers of agrym’, Palsgrave; ‘As a Cypher in Agrime’, Foxe, -A. & M. iii. 265 (NED.); ‘A poor cypher in agrum’, Peele, Edw. I (ed. -Dyce, p. 379, col. 1). ME. <span class='it'>awgrym</span>: ‘As siphre . . . in awgrym that noteth -a place and no thing availith’ (Richard Redeles. iv. 53); <span class='it'>algorisme</span> (Gower, -C. A. vii. 155). OF. <span class='it'>augorisme</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>algorismus</span>, ‘numerandi ars’ (Ducange), -cp. Span. <span class='it'>alguarismo</span> (<span class='it'>guarismo</span>), arithmetic (Stevens), from <span class='it'>al-Khowârezmi</span>, -the surname of a famous Arab mathematician who lived in -the 9th cent. See Dozy, Glossaire, 131.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agrise, agryse,</span></span> to terrify, horrify. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 46; -iii. 2. 24; <span class='it'>agrysed</span>, afraid, W. Browne, Shepherd’s Pipe, i. 501. OE. <span class='it'>agrīsan</span>, -to shudder.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>agrum;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#agrim'>agrim</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aguise, aguize,</span></span> to dress, array, deck. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 21. 31; ii. -6. 7. Cp. <span class='it'>guize</span>, fashion, appearance, ii. 2. 14; ii. 6. 25; ii. 12. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aim,</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to cry aim</span>, to encourage an archer by crying out <span class='it'>aim!</span> -King John, ii. 1. 196; <span class='it'>to give aim</span>, to direct; see Webster, Vittoria (ed. Dyce, -p. 20). The giver of aim stood near the butts, and reported the success of -the shot. Hence <span class='it'>aim-giving</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus, 160.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>A-la-mi-re,</span></span> a name given to the octave of <span class='it'>A-re</span>; the latter being the -second lowest note in the scale, which was denoted by the letter A, and -sung to the syllable <span class='it'>re</span>. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Crotchet); -Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 107. N.B. Wrongly defined in the NED.; but the -right definition, with a full explanation, is given in NED. under the heading -<span class='it'>A-re</span>. The octave of A was, in fact, sung to the syllable <span class='it'>la</span> when occurring -in the second hexachord, which began with C; to <span class='it'>mi</span>, in the third -hexachord, which began with F; and to <span class='it'>re</span>, in the fourth, which began -with the octave of G.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alate,</span></span> of late, lately. King Lear, i. 4. 208; Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 3. -Still in use in Yorks. and Lancashire (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>a-late</span> (Dest. Troy, 4176).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>albricias,</span></span> a reward for good news. Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, -v. 1 (Pedro); Digby, Elvira, ii. 1. 1. Span. <span class='it'>albricias</span>, reward for newes -(Minsheu). Arab. <span class='it'>al bishâra</span>, joyful tidings, cp. Port. <span class='it'>alviçaras</span>. See Dozy, -<span class='it'>Glossaire</span>, 74.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alcatote,</span></span> a simpleton, a foolish fellow. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1 -(Spadone). Cp. the Devon word <span class='it'>alkitotle</span> (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alcatras,</span></span> a name given by English voyagers to the Frigate Bird, <span class='it'>Tachypetes -aquilus</span>, Drayton, The Owl, 549. Port. <span class='it'>alcatráz</span>, ‘mauve, goéland: oiseau -de mer; pélican du Chili, cormoran, calao des Moluques; <span class='it'>alcatráz les -Antilhas</span>, onocrotale, grand gosier, oiseau de marais’ (Roquette).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='alchemy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alchemy,</span></span> a metallic composition imitating gold; spelt <span class='it'>alcumy</span>, -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); applied to a trumpet of such -metal or of brass, ‘Put to their mouths the sounding alchymie’, Milton, -P. L. ii. 517.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Alchoroden,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Alchochoden,</span></span> the planet which rules in the principal -parts of an astrological figure, at the nativity of any one, and which -regulates the number of years he has to live. Beaumont and Fl., Bloody -Brother, iv. 1 (Norbret). So explained in a note. Spelt <span class='it'>alchochoden</span>, -B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). From Pers. <span class='it'>Kat-khudā</span>, lord of -the ascendant (Richardson). See <span class='bold'><a href='#almuten'>almuten</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alcumise, alchemize,</span></span> to change by help of alchemy, to transmute -metals. Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1 (Midas).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alcumyn,</span></span> a kind of brass. Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 904. -For <span class='it'>alchem-ine</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#alchemy'>alchemy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='alder'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alder,</span></span> of all; <span class='it'>your alder</span> speed, the help of you all; Everyman, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 135. ME. <span class='it'>alder</span> (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>ealra</span>, gen. pl. of <span class='it'>eall</span>, all.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>alderliefest,</span> dearest of all, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 28; ‘the alderliefest swain -of all’, Greene, Descript. Shepherd, 42 (ed. Dyce, p. 304). ME. <span class='it'>alderleuest</span> -(Chaucer, Tr. & Cr. iii. 239).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ale,</span></span> an ale-house. Two Gent. ii. 5. 61; <span class='it'>at the ale</span>, Greene, A Looking-glass, -iv. 4 (1616); p. 138, col. 1. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>atten ale</span>, at the ale-house (P. -Plowman, B. vi. 117).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ale-bottle,</span></span> a wooden ale-keg. Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 4 -(Firk).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alecie,</span></span> drunkenness; a humorous formation from <span class='it'>ale</span>, with <span class='it'>-cie</span> added, -as in <span class='it'>luna-cie</span> (lunacy). ‘Lunasie or <span class='it'>alecie</span>’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, iv. 2 -(Riscio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ale-conner,</span></span> an officer appointed to look to the assize and goodness of -bread and ale. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb., iii. 3 (Oliver). A Lincolnshire -word, see EDD. (s.v. Ale, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='alegge'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alegge,</span></span> to allay. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 5. ME. <span class='it'>alleggyn</span> or softyn -peyn, ‘allevio, mitigo’ (Prompt. EETS. 21).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alembic,</span></span> an alchemist’s still; sometimes, the head of the still. B. -Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon); spelt <span class='it'>lembic</span>, iii. 2. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ale-stake,</span></span> a stake or pole projecting from an ale-house, to bear a bush, -garland, or other sign. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 191.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alew,</span></span> halloo, outcry. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alferez,</span></span> an ensign, standard-bearer. Fletcher, Rule a Wife, i. 1. 12; -<span class='it'>alfarez</span>, B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1 (Tipto). Span. <span class='it'>alférez</span>. Arab. <span class='it'>al-fâris</span>, a -horseman, from <span class='it'>faras</span>, a horse.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alfridaria,</span></span> used of the power which a planet has (each for seven -years) over a man’s life. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 5. From Arab. root -<span class='it'>faraḍa</span>, to define, decree, appoint a time for a thing; with suffix <span class='it'>-aria</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alga,</span></span> seaweed. Dryden, Astræa Redux, 119. L. <span class='it'>alga</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>algate</span>(<span class='bold'>s,</span></span> always, continually. Stanyhurst, Aeneid, 1 (ed. 1880, 20); -altogether, ‘Una now he algates must forgoe’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2; -nevertheless, notwithstanding, Shep. Kal., Nov., 21. <span class='it'>Algates</span> is a north -country word, meaning ‘in every way, by all means’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>algates</span>, -notwithstanding (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2222); <span class='it'>allegate</span>, in every way (Ancren -Riwle). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alguazier, algazier,</span></span> an ‘alguazil’, warrant-officer, serjeant. Fletcher, -Span. Curate, v. 2 (heading); Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Span. <span class='it'>alguazir</span> (alguazil); -Port. <span class='it'>al-vasil</span>, <span class='it'>al-vazir</span>; Arab. <span class='it'>al-wazîr</span>, ‘the minister’, officer, ‘vizier’, from -root <span class='it'>wazara</span>, to carry.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='alicant'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alicant, alligant,</span></span> wine from Alicante in Spain. Fletcher, The -Chances, i. 8. 10; Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown); <span class='it'>aligant</span>, A Match -at Midnight, v. 1 (Sim.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a’ life,</span></span> as my life, extremely. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 3 -(1 Creditor); The Widow, i. 1 (Martino); iv. 1 (2 Suitor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alkedavy,</span></span> the palace of a cadi or alcalde. Heywood, The Fair Maid, iv. 3 -(Mullisheg); v. 1 (Mullisheg). From Arab. <span class='it'>alqâḍawî</span>, the (palace) of the cadi.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>allay,</span></span> alloy. Bacon, Essay 1, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 320. -ME. <span class='it'>alay</span>, inferior metal combined with one of greater value (P. Plowman, -B. xv. 342). Norm. F. <span class='it'>aley</span>, <span class='it'>alay</span>, from <span class='it'>aleier</span>, to combine. L. <span class='it'>alligare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>allect,</span></span> to allure, entice. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14, § 13; -Sir T. More, Works (1557), p. 275, col. 1. Med. L. <span class='it'>allectare</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>allegge,</span></span> to alleviate. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 15. See <span class='bold'><a href='#alegge'>alegge</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alleggeaunce,</span></span> alleviation. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 42. OF. <span class='it'>alegeance</span>, -deriv. of <span class='it'>alegier</span>, to alleviate. L. <span class='it'>alleviare</span>, to lighten.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>all-hid,</span></span> the game of hide and seek. Love’s Lab. L., iv. 3. 78; cf. Hamlet, -iv. 2. 32; Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 27; Tourneur, Rev. Trag., iii. 5. 82.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>All-holland-tide;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Hollantide'>Hollandtide</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alligarta,</span></span> alligator. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo); <span class='it'>aligarta</span>, -Romeo and J., v. 1. 43 (1st Q.). Span. <span class='it'>el lagarto</span>, the lizard.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alloune, aloune,</span></span> let us go. Anglicized form of F. <span class='it'>allons</span>. Marston, -What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>all-to-bepowdered,</span></span> powdered all over. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, -v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>all-to ruffled,</span></span> ruffled extremely. Milton, Comus, 380. The incorrect -compound <span class='it'>all-to</span> came into use about 1500, in place of the older idiom -which would have given the form <span class='it'>all to-ruffled</span>, with the <span class='it'>to-</span> linked to the -verb. Here <span class='it'>all</span>, adv., meant ‘extremely’, and merely emphasized the -prefix <span class='it'>to-</span>. Spelt <span class='it'>all to ruffl’d</span> (1645).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>almacanter, almucantury,</span></span> a small circle of the sphere parallel to -the horizon, representing a parallel of altitude. Beaumont and Fl., -Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (la Fiske). Cp. Chaucer, Astrolabe, pt. ii, § 5. -Spelt <span class='it'>almacantara</span>, B. Jonson, Staple of News. ii. 1 (P. senior). Arab. -<span class='it'>al-muqanṭarât</span>, pl., bridges, arcs, almucanters. See Dozy, 164.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Almain,</span></span> a German. Othello, ii. 3. 87; a kind of dance, Peele, Arraign. -of Paris, ii. 2, 28; hence <span class='it'>Almain-leap</span>, B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 1 (Satan); -<span class='it'>the Almond leape</span>, Cotgrave (s.v. Saut). OF. <span class='it'>aleman</span>, German (mod. <span class='it'>allemand</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>almery,</span></span> an aumbry, a cupboard. Morte Arthur, leaf 362, back, 24; -bk. xvii. c. 23; <span class='it'>ambry</span>, Stanyhurst’s Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber. p. 44. 2). -For various prov. forms of this word see EDD. (s.v. Ambry). ME. <span class='it'>almery</span>, -of mete kepyng, ‘cibutum’ (Prompt. EETS. 10). Norm. F. <span class='it'>almarie</span> (Moisy), -Med. L. <span class='it'>armarium</span> (Prompt. 395), deriv. of L. <span class='it'>arma</span>, gear, tools.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='almuten'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>almuten,</span></span> the prevailing or ruling planet in a nativity. ‘Almuten -lord of the geniture,’ Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret and -Rusee); ‘And Mars Almuthen, or lord of the horoscope’, Massinger, City -Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); ‘Almuten Alchochoden’, Tomkis, Albumazar ii. 5 -(end). Error for <span class='it'>almutaz</span> (NED.); from Arab. <span class='it'>al</span>, the, and <span class='it'>muʿtaz</span>, prevailing, -from <span class='it'>ʿazz</span>, to be powerful.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alonely,</span></span> solely. Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 3. 160; <span class='it'>all alonely</span>, Barnes, Works, -p. 226, col. 2; <span class='it'>alonely</span>, id. p. 227, col. 2. From <span class='it'>all</span> and <span class='it'>only</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alow,</span></span> below, low down. Dryden, Cymon, 370. ‘Ship, by bearing -sayl alowe, withstandeth stormes’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 2. In use in -Scotland (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>alowe</span>: ‘Why somme (briddes) be alowe and somme -alofte’ (P. Plowman, B. xii. 222).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aloyse!</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, look! see! see now! ‘<span class='it'>Aloyse! aloyse</span>, how pretie it is, -is not here a good face?’ Damon and Pithias; in Hazlitt, iv. 79; Anc. -Brit. Drama, i. 91.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alphin, alphyn,</span></span> a bishop, in the game of chess. Caxton, Game of -the Chesse, bk. ii. ch. 3. § 1. OF. <span class='it'>alfin</span>, Span. <span class='it'>al-fil</span>; from Arab. <span class='it'>al-fîl</span>, ‘the -elephant’. Pers. <span class='it'>pîl</span>, elephant; see Dozy, Glossaire, 113, 114.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>als,</span></span> also. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 18; ii. 1. 7. 40; iv. 7. 35. <span class='it'>As als</span>, as also; id. -iv. 4. 2. <span class='it'>Als</span> is short for <span class='it'>also</span>, and <span class='it'>as</span> is short for <span class='it'>als</span>; hence <span class='it'>as als</span> = also also.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alther,</span></span> of all. <span class='it'>Alther fyrste</span>, first of all; Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 303. 2. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#alder'>alder</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>altitonant,</span></span> thundering from on high. Middleton, World Tost at -Tennis (Pallas). L. <span class='it'>altitonans</span>, with reference to Jupiter.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>altitudes,</span></span> <span class='it'>in the altitudes</span>, in a lofty mood, full of airs. Beaumont and -Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); <span class='it'>in his altitudes</span>, Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, -v. 2 (Brass).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alture,</span></span> altitude; said of the sun. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lv., l. 29. Ital. -<span class='it'>altura</span>, height; <span class='it'>alto</span>, high. L. <span class='it'>altus</span>, high.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aludel,</span></span> an alchemist’s pot, used for sublimation. B. Jonson, Alchemist, -ii. 1 (Subtle). F. <span class='it'>aludel</span>, OF. <span class='it'>alutel</span>. Arab. <span class='it'>al-uthāl</span>, the utensil. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>alvarado,</span></span> the rousing of soldiers at dawn of day by the beating of -the drum or the firing of a gun; ‘so that the very alverado given sounds -the least hope of conquest’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon (Works, iii. 255); -O. Fortunatus, ii. 1 (Soldan). Port. <span class='it'>alvorada</span>, ‘aube, la pointe du jour; (Mil.). -Diane, battement de tambour, coup de canon à la pointe du jour pour -éveiller les soldats’; <span class='it'>alvór</span>, ‘la première pointe du jour’ (Roquette).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amate,</span></span> to dismay, daunt, confound. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 45; ii. 1. 6 -and 2. 5; Greene, Orl. Fur. ii. 1 (488); ‘<span class='it'>Matter</span>, to quell, mate, amate’, -Cotgrave. Norm. F. <span class='it'>amatir</span>, ‘soumettre par la frayeur, terrifier’ (Moisy). -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amazza,</span></span> (perhaps) slaughter. Pl. <span class='it'>amazza’s</span>; Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 -(Choler). From Ital. <span class='it'>ammazzare</span>, to slay (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amber,</span></span> to perfume with ambergris. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, iii. 2 (Zabulon). The sb. is spelt <span class='it'>ambre</span> in B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ambidexter,</span></span> one who acts with either party, a double-dealer. Middleton, -Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat); Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, -p. 503. Med. L. <span class='it'>ambidexter</span>, ‘judex qui ab utraque parte dona accipit’ -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ambree, Mary,</span></span> an English heroine, who fought at the siege of -Ghent in 1584. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady); B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Turfe).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='amell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amell,</span></span> to enamel. Pp. <span class='it'>amell’d</span>; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 123. ‘I -<span class='it'>ammell</span> as a goldesmyth dothe his worke, <span class='it'>Jesmaille</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>amelen</span>, -to enamel (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1080). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aymeler</span> (Rough List). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#aumayld'>aumayld</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amenage,</span></span> to domesticate, make quite tame. Only in Spenser, F. Q. -ii, 4. 11. OF. <span class='it'>amenagier</span>, <span class='it'>amesnagier</span>, to receive into a house. Deriv. of <span class='it'>mesnage</span>, -a household, whence E. <span class='it'>menagerie</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amenaunce,</span></span> conduct, behaviour, mien. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 17; -Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 781. Deriv. of F. <span class='it'>amener</span>, to lead, conduct.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ames-ace'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ames-ace,</span></span> double aces, the lowest throw with dice. All’s Well, ii. 3. -85; used as a term of contempt, <span class='it'>ambs-ace</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Queen of -Corinth, iv. 1 (Page). ME. <span class='it'>ambes as</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 124). Norm. F. -<span class='it'>ambes as</span>, ‘deux as, mauvaise chance’ (Moisy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#aums-ace'>aums-ace</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amiss,</span></span> a fault, misdeed, misfortune. Hamlet, iv. 5. 18; Sonnet xxxv. -7; cli. 3; Heywood, Pt. 2, King Edward IV (Works, i. 119).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amite,</span></span> aunt. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 88, back, 13. L. <span class='it'>amita</span>, father’s -sister.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ammiral'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ammiral,</span></span> admiral. Milton, P. L. i. 294. OF. <span class='it'>amiral</span>; Port. <span class='it'>amiralh</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amomus,</span></span> amomum, an odoriferous plant. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 13 -(from end). L. <span class='it'>amomum</span>; Gk. ἄμωμον. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amoneste,</span></span> to admonish. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216. 1; lf. 327. 17. -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>amonester</span> (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amoret,</span></span> a love-glance, a loving look. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1264); -scene 9. 177 (W.); p. 168, col. 2; also iv. 2 (1668); scene 12. 8 (W.); p. 173, -col. 2. F. <span class='it'>amourette</span>, a love-trick (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amort,</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>all amort</span>, spiritless, dejected. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1; -Taming Shrew, iv. 3. 36; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 124. The phr. is due to F. <span class='it'>à la -mort</span>, to the death. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amortise,</span></span> to alienate in mortmain, to convey (property) to a corporation. -Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 71. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>amortir</span> (see Rough -List). Med. L. <span class='it'>admortire</span>, ‘concedere in manum mortuam’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a-mothering;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mothering'>mothering</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amphiboly,</span></span> an ambiguity, a sentence that can be construed in two -different senses. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Compass). L. <span class='it'>amphibolia</span>; -Gk. ἀμφιβολία, ambiguity.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amphisbæna,</span></span> a serpent fabled to have a head at each end, and hence -capable of advancing in either direction. Milton, P. L. x. 524. Gk. ἀμφίσβαινα, -a kind of serpent that can go either forwards or backwards -(Aeschylus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amrell,</span></span> admiral. Skelton, How the douty Duke of Albany, 55. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#ammiral'>ammiral</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>amuse,</span></span> to distract, bewilder, puzzle. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 6 (Macro); -‘I am amused, I am in a quandary, gentlemen.’ Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, -ii. (D’Olive). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='an'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>an,</span></span> if (freq. in Shaks.); in old edds. mostly written <span class='it'>and</span>. Of very freq. -occurrence in the phrase <span class='it'>an it please you</span>, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 18; <span class='it'>an if</span>, if, -Othello, iii. 4. 83. See <span class='bold'><a href='#and'>and if</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anadem,</span></span> a wreath, chaplet. B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers -(Truth); Drayton, The Owl, 1168. Gk. ἀνάδημα, a headband; from -ἀναδέειν, to bind up.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>analects,</span></span> pl. scraps, gleanings. ‘No gleanings, James? No trencher-<span class='it'>analects</span>?’ -(lit. gleanings from trenchers), Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 5 -(Rhymewell). Gk. ἀνάλεκτα, things gathered up; from <span class='it'>ἀναλέγειν</span>, to pick up.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anatomy,</span></span> a skeleton. King John, iii. 4. 25; Com. Errors, v. 1. 238; -Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 121. Cf. <span class='bold'><a href='#atomy2'>atomy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anchor,</span></span> an anchorite, hermit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 229. ME. <span class='it'>ancre</span>, a hermit -(P. Plowman, C. i. 30; ix. 146). OE. <span class='it'>ancra</span> (Ælfric), shortened from Eccles. -L. <span class='it'>anachoreta</span> (Ducange); Gk. ἀναχορητής, one who withdraws, retires (from -the world).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ancient,</span></span> an ‘ensign’, standard, or flag. Hence, <span class='it'>ancient-bearer</span>, a standard-bearer, -an ‘ensign’; ‘<span class='it'>alférez</span>, an ancient-bearer, signifer’, Percivall, -Span. Dict.; ‘office or charge, as captaine . . . sergeant, ancient-bearer’, -Act 3, Jas. I (NED.); Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 2 (Shadow); also <span class='it'>ancient</span> -(alone), ‘Welcome, Ancient Pistol!’ 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 120; Othello, i. 1. 33. -A corrupt form of <span class='it'>ensign</span>. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>enseigne</span>, a standard (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ancome,</span></span> a boil, a foul swelling. Eastward Ho! iii. 2 (Mrs. T.). ‘<span class='it'>Vijt</span>, -an ancombe, or a sore upon one’s finger’, Hexham. <span class='it'>Ancome</span> is a north-country -word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>oncome</span>; used of the plagues of Egypt (Cursor -M., 5927). Cp. Icel. <span class='it'>ákoma</span>, arrival, visitation; eruption on the skin.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='and'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>and if</span></span> (a redundant expression, both particles having the same meaning). -‘But and yf that evyll servaunt shall saye in his herte,’ Tyndal, -Matt. xxiv. 48 (cp. A. V.); Two Gent. iii. 1. 257; All’s Well, ii. 1. 74. See <span class='bold'><a href='#an'>an</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>andveld,</span></span> an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, back, 16. ME. <span class='it'>anefeld</span> -(Wyclif, Job xli. 15), OE. <span class='it'>anfilte</span> (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anele,</span></span> to anoint with holy oil. ‘I aneele a sicke man, I anoynte hym -with holy oyle’; and ‘I aneele a sicke man . . . j’enhuylle’, Palsgrave. -Hence <span class='bold'>unaneled,</span> q.v. ME. <span class='it'>anelen</span> (R. Brunne, Handl. Synne, 11269). -Deriv. of OE. <span class='it'>ele</span>, oil, L. <span class='it'>oleum</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='an-end'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>an-end,</span></span> on end. Hamlet, i. 5. 19; <span class='it'>still an-end</span>, continually, Two Gent. -iv. 4. 68. <span class='it'>An-end</span> in the sense of ‘without stop or intermission’ is in prov. -use in various parts of England from Durham to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. -On-end, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anenst,</span></span> side by side with, beside, opposite, in view of; ‘And right -anenst him’, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). See EDD. (s.v. Anent). -ME. <span class='it'>anentis</span>, with, in view of; ‘Anentis men this thing is impossible, but -anentis God alle thingis ben possible’ (Wyclif, Matt. xix. 26); <span class='it'>anent</span> -‘juxta’ (Barbour’s Bruce, viii. 124). OE. <span class='it'>on efen</span>, on even (ground) with.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>angel,</span></span> applied to a bird. ‘An <span class='it'>angel</span> of the air’, Two Noble Kinsmen, -i. 1. 16; ‘Roman angel’, the eagle, Massinger, ii. 2 (Harpax).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>angel,</span></span> a gold coin worth 10<span class='it'>s.</span> Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 56. Very common, -and often used in quibbles.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>angelot,</span></span> a small rich cheese, made in Normandy. Davenant, The -Wits, iv. 1 (Y. Pallantine). Said to be so called from being stamped with -the coin called an <span class='it'>angelot</span>, a piece struck by Louis XI (so Littré). F. <span class='it'>angelot</span>, -the cheese called an angelot (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>angler,</span></span> a term used of a thief who fished for plunder, through an open -window, with a rod, line, and hook. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>another-gates,</span></span> of a different kind. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. 428; -Lyly, Mother Bombie, A. i (Nares). From <span class='it'>gate</span>, a way; lit. ‘of another -way’. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>another-guess,</span></span> of a different kind. ‘This is another-guess sort’, -Foote, The Orators, A. iii (O’Drogheda). Howell has the intermediate -form <span class='it'>another-gets</span> in his Famil. Letters, vol. i. sect. 4. letter 9 (Feb. 5, 1635). -Corruption of the form above. In prov. use in Gloucestershire (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anslaight,</span></span> an onslaught. Fletcher, M. Thomas, ii. 2 <span class='it'>or</span> ii. 3 (Sebastian). -Some read <span class='it'>onslaught</span>; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>anthropophagi,</span></span> pl. man-eaters, cannibals. Othello, i. 3. 144; Greene, -Orl. Fur. i. 1. 111 (Orlando, p. 90, col. 2). L. pl. of <span class='it'>anthropophagus</span>, Gk. -ἀνθρωποφάγος, man-eating; from ἄνθρωπος, a man, φαγεῖν, to eat.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antick,</span></span> a grotesque pageant or theatrical representation. Ford, Love’s -Sacrifice, iii. 2 (Fernando); Love’s Lab. L., v. 1. 119.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antick,</span></span> a burlesque performer, buffoon, merry-andrew. Richard II, iii. -2. 162; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 51. Ital. <span class='it'>antico</span>, grotesque. L. <span class='it'>antiquus</span>, -antique. For the development of the meaning of the Ital. <span class='it'>antico</span> from -‘antique’ to ‘grotesque’, see the full account in NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antimasque,</span></span> a burlesque interlude between the acts of a masque. -The prefix is uncertain; perhaps for L. <span class='it'>ante</span>, before (NED.). But B. Jonson -has the form <span class='it'>antick-masque</span>, Masque of Augurs (Noteh). Bacon has <span class='it'>anti-masque</span>, -Essay 37; cf. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 2 (Lorenzo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antiperistasis,</span></span> a contrast of circumstances; opposition. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Mercury). Gk. ἀντιπερίστασις, reciprocal -replacement of two substances.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='antlier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antlier,</span></span> an antler, tine of a stag’s horn. ‘The first <span class='it'>antlier</span>, which -Phoebus calleth and termeth <span class='it'>antoiller</span>’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21, p. 53. -The lowest tine was <span class='it'>the burre</span>, growing out of <span class='it'>the pearles</span>; the second tine, -the <span class='it'>antlier</span>; the third, the <span class='it'>surantlier</span>; the next, <span class='it'>royal</span> and <span class='it'>surroyal</span>; and those -at the top, <span class='it'>croches</span> (more correctly spelt <span class='it'>troches</span> at p. 137); see Turbervile -(as above), p. 54. ‘The thing that beareth the antliers, royals, and tops -[or troches] ought to be called <span class='it'>the beame</span>, and the little clyffes or streakes -therein are called <span class='it'>gutters</span>’; id. p. 53. OF. <span class='it'>antoillier</span> (F. <span class='it'>andouiller</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>antre,</span></span> a cave. Othello, i. 3. 140. F. <span class='it'>antre</span>, L. <span class='it'>antrum</span>, Gk. ἄντρον.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aourne,</span></span> to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 223, back, 17; lf. 253, -back, 15. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aourner</span> (<span class='it'>adourner</span>), to adorn (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apaid, appaid,</span></span> satisfied. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 381 (Guenthian); -Chapman, Iliad, v. 143; Milton, P. L. xii. 401; Spenser, F. Q. ii. -12. 28; v. 11. 64; Shep. Kal., Aug., 6. ME. <span class='it'>apayed</span>, satisfied (Wyclif, -Luke iii. 14); pp. of <span class='it'>apayen</span>. Norm. F. <span class='it'>apaier</span> (Moisy); deriv. of <span class='it'>paier</span>, -L. <span class='it'>pacare</span>, to pacify.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='apayre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apayre,</span></span> to impair, injure. Morte Arthur, leaf 51, back, 12; bk. iii. -c. 3. ME. <span class='it'>apeyryn</span>, to make worse (Prompt. EETS. 21). OF. <span class='it'>empeirer</span>, deriv. -of L. <span class='it'>peiorare</span>, from <span class='it'>peior</span>, worse. See <span class='bold'><a href='#appair'>appair</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='apeche'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apeche, appeche,</span></span> to ‘impeach’, charge with a crime. Morte Arthur, -leaf 212, back, 23; bk. x. c. 7; ‘I apeche, I accuse’, Palsgrave. ME. -<span class='it'>apechyn</span>, ‘appellare’ (Prompt. EETS. 13). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>empescher</span> (Rough List). -Late L. <span class='it'>impedicare</span>, to hinder, catch by a fetter (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#appeach'>appeach</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>A-per-se,</span></span> A by itself; a type of excellence, because A begins the -alphabet. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Lazarillo); Mirror for -Mag., Warwicke, st. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apostata,</span></span> apostate. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 3 (Theoph.); v. 2 -(Artemia). The usual old form.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apostle spoons,</span></span> silver spoons, the handle of each terminating in the -figure of an apostle; usually given by sponsors at christenings. B. Jonson, -Barthol. Fair, Act i (Quarlous); Fletcher, Noble Gentlemen, v. 2 (Longueville).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='appair'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appair, apaire,</span></span> to impair, damage. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 7, § last; Skelton, Against Garnesche, i. 19. Also intrans.; ‘I appayre -or waxe worse’, Palsgrave. See <span class='bold'><a href='#apayre'>apayre</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='appeach'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appeach,</span></span> to ‘impeach’, accuse, censure. Richard II, v. 2. 79; Spenser, -F. Q. v. 9. 47. See <span class='bold'><a href='#apeche'>apeche</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apperil,</span></span> peril, risk. Timon, i. 2. 32; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 3 -(Sledge); Magnetic Lady, v. 6 (Ironside).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appertise,</span></span> dexterity, a feat of dexterity. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 122, -back, 4; lf. 303, back, 29. OF. <span class='it'>appertise</span>, ‘industrie, dextérité, tour d’adresse’; -Histoire de Charles VII: ‘Fist de belles vaillances et appertises -d’armes contre les Anglois’, see Didot, Glossaire; <span class='it'>appert</span>, ‘adroit industrieux, -habile en sa profession’ (id.). Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>espert</span>, ‘adroit, habile’ -(Levy). L. <span class='it'>expertus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apple-John,</span></span> or <span class='it'>John-apple</span>, an apple said to keep for two years, and -in perfection when shrivelled. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 5; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, -iv. 2 (Shadow). Ripe about St. John’s day (June 24). Purposely confused -with <span class='it'>apple-squire</span>, a pander, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 -(Quarlous).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apple-squire,</span></span> a pander. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 8 (Kiteley); -Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, Meg’s Song.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apposal,</span></span> a posing question. Skelton has <span class='it'>apposelle</span>, Garl. of Laurell, 141. -From <span class='it'>appose</span>, v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appose,</span></span> to ‘pose’, to ask a difficult question. Udall, Roister Doister, -i. 1. 14; Short Catechism, Edw. VI, 495 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>appose</span>, <span class='it'>apose</span> -(P. Plowman, C. ii. 45). Cp. to question (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 363), Prompt. 13: -‘<span class='it'>Aposen</span> or <span class='it'>oposyn</span>, opponere’. F. <span class='it'>aposer</span> (for <span class='it'>opposer</span>), to make a trial of -a person’s learning; see Palsgrave (s.v. Oppose).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>appropinque,</span></span> to approach. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. 590. L. <span class='it'>appropinquare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>approve,</span></span> to prove, demonstrate to be true; to corroborate, confirm. -Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 79; All’s Well, iii. 7. 13; to put to the proof, test, -as in <span class='it'>approved</span>, tested, tried, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 54.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>apricock,</span></span> an apricot. Richard II, iii. 4. 29; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. -1. 291. ‘<span class='it'>Abricot</span>, the abricot or apricock plumb’, Cotgrave. <span class='it'>Apricock</span> is in -common prov. use in various parts of England from the north country to -Somerset; <span class='it'>abricock</span> is the usual form in West Somerset (EDD.). Port. -<span class='it'>albricoque</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aqueity,</span></span> watery quality. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arace, arasche,</span></span> to tear, tear away. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 256, -back, 14; lf. 319. 1. ‘I <span class='it'>arace</span>, I pull a thyng by violence from one’, -Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>arace</span>, to uproot (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 954). OF. -<span class='it'>esrachier</span>; L. <span class='it'>exradicare</span>, to tear up by the roots.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arber, erber,</span></span> the whole ‘pluck’ of a slain animal. <span class='it'>To make the erbere</span>, -to take out the ‘pluck’, the first stage in disembowelling, Boke of -St. Albans, fol. iij.; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 (Hubert); spelt <span class='it'>arbor</span>, -B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). F. <span class='it'>herbier</span>, ‘le premier ventricule -du bœuf et des autres animaux qui ruminent’, Dict. de l’Acad. (1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arblast,</span></span> a cross-bow used for the discharge of arrows, bolts, stones, &c., -Caxton, Chron. Eng. xxviii. 23 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>arblaste</span> (Rob. Glouc., ed. 1810, -377). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>arbeleste</span>, Late L. <span class='it'>arcubalista</span>, a bow for throwing missiles.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arblaster,</span></span> a cross-bowman, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 144, back, 20; -lf. 284, back, 30. ME. <span class='it'>arblaster</span> (K. Alisaunder, ed. Weber, 2613). Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>arblaster</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>arcubalistarius</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='arcted'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arcted,</span></span> pp. closely allied. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 336. -L. <span class='it'>arctare</span>, to draw close; from <span class='it'>arctus</span>, confined. See <span class='bold'><a href='#art'>art</a></span> (to constrain).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arecte,</span></span> to assign, attribute, impute. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 95. The -form used by Lydgate for <span class='it'>arette</span>. Med. L. <span class='it'>arrectare</span>, to accuse (Ducange), -due to association with <span class='it'>rectum</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#arette'>arette</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>areed,</span></span> to counsel, advise. Milton, P. L. iv. 962; Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, viii. 85; to explain, recount, Drayton, vi. 87. ME. <span class='it'>arede</span>, to explain, -counsel (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>ārǣdan</span>, to explain.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>areed,</span></span> advice. Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Little John); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 116.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='arette'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arette,</span></span> to count, reckon. Morte Arthur, Caxton’s Pref., leaf. 1, back. -(<span class='it'>Aret</span>, <span class='it'>arret</span>, misused in Spenser in the sense of ‘to entrust, allot’; F. Q. -ii. 8. 8; iii. 8. 7.) ME. <span class='it'>aretten</span>, to count, reckon (Wyclif, Luke xxii. 37). -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aretter</span>, to lay to one’s charge (Rough List); cp. Span. <span class='it'>retar</span>, to -accuse. O. Prov. <span class='it'>reptar</span>, ‘blâmer, accuser’ (Levy). L. <span class='it'>reputare</span>, to count, -reckon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arew,</span></span> in a row. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 29. Chapman, tr. Iliad, vi. 259; -Odyssey, viii. 679. <span class='it'>Rew</span> is a prov. form of the word ‘row’ (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>a-rew</span>, ‘seriatim’ (Prompt. EETS. 15); <span class='it'>a-rewe</span>, in succession (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1254). OE. <span class='it'>rǣw</span>, a row. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rew'>rew</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argaile,</span></span> argol; i.e. tartar deposited from wine and adhering to the -side of a cask. B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). ME. <span class='it'>argoile</span>, crude -tartar (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 813). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>argoil</span> (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argal,</span></span> therefore. Hamlet, v. 1. 21. A clown’s substitution for L. <span class='it'>ergo</span>, -therefore.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argent,</span></span> silver; hence, money. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 (Roister). -F. <span class='it'>argent</span>. L. <span class='it'>argentum</span>, silver.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argent vive,</span></span> quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon). -Cp. F. <span class='it'>vif-argent</span>, quick-silver (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Argier, Argièr,</span></span> Algier, Algiers. <span class='it'>Argier</span>, Temp. i. 2. 261; <span class='it'>Argiers</span>, -Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Beauf. sen.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argin,</span></span> an embankment in front of a fort, glacis. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, -iii. 2. 85; 3. 23. Ital. <span class='it'>argine</span>, ‘a banke’ (Florio). See Ducange (s.v. -Arger (‘agger’) and Arginerius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argolet,</span></span> a light-armed horse-soldier. Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2. 2; -iv. 1 (Abdelmelec). F. <span class='it'>argolet</span> (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>argoulet</span>, Essais de Montaigne I. -xxv (ed. 1870, p. 68): ‘Les <span class='it'>argoulets</span> étaient des arquebuisiers à cheval; et -comme ils n’étaient pas considérables en comparaison des autres cavaliers -on a dit un <span class='it'>argoulet</span> pour un homme de néant’ (Ménage).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argolettier,</span></span> a light-armed horse-soldier. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. i. -ch. 25: ‘<span class='it'>Guidone</span>, a banner or cornet for horsemen that be shot, or Argolettiers’, -Florio, Ital. Dict. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argosy,</span></span> a merchant-vessel. Twice used as if it were <span class='it'>plural</span>; Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, i. 1. The original sense was ‘a ship of Ragusa’, the name -of a port in Dalmatia, on the Adriatic. Ragusa appears in 16th-cent. -English as <span class='it'>Aragouse</span>, <span class='it'>Arragosa</span> (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>argument,</span></span> subject, topic, theme. Much Ado, i. 1. 266; 1 Hen. IV, ii. -2. 104; ii. 4. 314. So L. <span class='it'>argumentum</span> (Quintilian).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arietation,</span></span> an attack with a battering-ram. Bacon, Essay 58, § 8. -L. <span class='it'>ariēs</span>, a ram.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>armado,</span></span> an army. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 14. Span. <span class='it'>armada</span>. -Med. L. <span class='it'>armata</span>, army (Ducange); cp. F. <span class='it'>armée</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>armiger,</span></span> an esquire. Purposely altered to <span class='it'>armigero</span> in Merry Wives, -i. 1. 10. L. <span class='it'>armiger</span>, one who bears arms, in Med. L. an esquire.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>armine,</span></span> a beggar, a poor wretch. London Prodigal, v. 1. 174. Coined -from Du. <span class='it'>arm</span>, poor; and put into the mouth of a supposed Dutchwoman.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>armipotent,</span></span> powerful in arms. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 545; iii. 293. -L. <span class='it'>armipotens</span>, powerful in arms.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arms:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to give arms</span>, to have the right to bear arms, in the heraldic -sense. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aroint thee!,</span></span> begone!, out of the way!, make room!, ‘aroint thee, -witch!’ King Lear, iii. 4. 127; Macbeth, i. 3. 6. ‘A lady well acquainted -with the dialect of Cheshire informed me that the word is still in use there. -For example, if the cow presses too close to the maid who is milking her, -she will give the animal a push, saying at the same time, <span class='it'>’Roynt thee!</span> by -which she means, stand off’ (Nares). <span class='it'>Roint</span> is used in this sense in the -north country: Yorks., Lancs., and Cheshire (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>rȳm ðū, gerȳm -ðū</span>, make thou room, cp. <span class='it'>rȳm þysum men setl</span>, give this man place (Luke -xiv. 9); <span class='it'>rȳman</span>, to make room, deriv. of <span class='it'>rūm</span>, wide, roomy. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arpine, arpent,</span></span> a French acre. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1 (near -the end). F. <span class='it'>arpent</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arraign,</span></span> to arrange, place. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Suffolk), ed. Dyce, -p. 187: ‘See them arraign’d, I will set forward straight’, Webster (Wks. -ii. 261). See Halliwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arras-powder,</span></span> orris-powder. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. -Dyce, p. 41. So also <span class='it'>arras</span>, orris; Duchess of Malfi, iii. 2 (Duchess). See -Halliwell (s.v. Arras (2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arraught,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, seized forcibly, with violence. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 34. -ME. <span class='it'>arahte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>arachen</span>, to obtain, attain (Gower, C. A. i. 3207). OE. -<span class='it'>ārǣcan</span>, to attain.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arre,</span></span> to snarl as a dog. ‘They <span class='it'>arre</span> and bark’, Nash, Summer’s Last -Will (Autumn), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 44; ‘a dog snarling <span class='it'>er</span>’, B. -Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1. 691 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arrearages,</span></span> arrears. Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria); Cymb. ii. -4. 13. OF. <span class='it'>arerage</span>; from <span class='it'>arere</span>, behind.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arrect,</span></span> to direct upwards, to raise. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 55; to -set upright, ‘I arecte . . . or set up a thyng; <span class='it'>Je metz sus . . . je metz debout</span>’, -Palsgrave. From L. <span class='it'>arrect-</span>, pp. stem of <span class='it'>arrigere</span>, to raise up.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arride,</span></span> to please, gratify. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, ii. -1 (Fastidious); Marmion, The Antiquary, ii. 1 (Mocinigo). L. <span class='it'>arridere</span>, -to smile upon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arrouse,</span></span> to bedew, moisten. Spelt <span class='it'>arowze</span>, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. -103; <span class='it'>arrowsid</span>, pp., Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 249, back, l. 24. Norm. F. -<span class='it'>ar</span>(<span class='it'>r</span>)<span class='it'>ouser</span>, ‘arroser’ (Moisy). O. Prov. <span class='it'>arozar</span> (Levy). Romanic type *<span class='it'>arrosare</span>, -L. <span class='it'>ad</span> + <span class='it'>rorare</span>, fr. <span class='it'>ros</span>, dew.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arsedine,</span></span> a gold-coloured alloy of copper and zinc, rolled into thin -leaf, and used to ornament toys. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Trash). -Of unknown origin.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arsee-versee,</span></span> <span class='it'>adv.</span>, backside foremost, contrary-wise, conversely. -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 13; Diogenes, § 45; ‘fighting arsie-versie’, -Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 827; ‘<span class='it'>Cul sur pointe</span>, topsie-turvy, arsie-varsie’, -Cotgrave. In common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Arsy-versy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arsmetrike,</span></span> arithmetic. Fabyan, vii. 604 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>arsmetrike</span> -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 2222); <span class='it'>arsmetique</span> (Gower, C. A. vii. 149). OF. <span class='it'>arismetique</span>, -Med. L. <span class='it'>arismetica</span> for L. <span class='it'>arithmetica</span>, Gk. ἡ ἀριθμητική (τέχνη). The -form <span class='it'>arsmetrike</span> is due to popular etymology, which associated the word -with L. <span class='it'>ars metrica</span>, ‘the art of measure’. See NED. (s.v. Arithmetic).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arsmetry,</span></span> a corruption of <span class='it'>arsmetrick</span>, by form-association with <span class='it'>geometry</span>. -Greene, A Looking-glass, iii. 2 (1161); p. 132, col. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>arson,</span></span> saddle-bow. ‘The arson of his sadel’, Morte Arthur, leaf 339, -back, 22; bk. xvi. c. 10. F. <span class='it'>arçon</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='art'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>art,</span></span> to constrain. Court of Love, l. 46. ‘I <span class='it'>arte</span>, I constrayne’, Palsgrave. -L. <span class='it'>artare</span>, to confine. See <span class='bold'><a href='#arcted'>arcted</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>artier,</span></span> an artery. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 (Physician). F. <span class='it'>artere</span>, -‘an artery’ (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>arteria</span>, Gk. ἀρτηρία.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>artillery,</span></span> missile weapons. ‘<span class='it'>Artillarie</span> now a dayes is taken for ii. -thinges, Gunnes and Bowes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 65; Bacon, Essay -29, § 3; Fairfax, Tasso xvii. 49; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Sam. xx. 40 (AV.). Norm. F. -<span class='it'>artillerie</span>, ‘armes de jet et de trait, non à feu; comme arbalètes, flèches, -lances, etc.’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>askaunces,</span></span> as if, as much as to say. Gascoigne, Dan Bartholomew; -ed. Hazlitt, i. 113, l. 4; i. 136, l. 16. So in Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 838. Cp. OF. -<span class='it'>quanses</span>, as if (Godefroy). See Romania, xviii. 152; Cliges (ed. Förster, -l. 4553, note). The M. Dutch <span class='it'>quansijs</span> (as if saying, as much as to say) -in Reinaert, 2569 (ed. Martin, p. 78) is probably the same word as the -OF. <span class='it'>quanses</span>. The Chaucerian use of <span class='it'>ascaunces</span> in Tr. and Cr. i. 205, 292 is -precisely the same as that of <span class='it'>als quansijs</span> in Reinaert.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aspect,</span></span> (<span class='it'>aspéct</span>), the peculiar position and influence of a planet. King -Lear, ii. 2. 112. Common. ME. <span class='it'>aspect</span>, the angular distance between two -planets (Chaucer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>asper,</span></span> a Turkish coin worth about two farthings or less. Fletcher, -Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Jamie). F. <span class='it'>aspre</span>. Byzantine Gk. ἄσπρον, white money, -from ἄσπρος, white.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>asprely,</span></span> fiercely. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 17. § 8. OF. -<span class='it'>aspre</span>; L. <span class='it'>asper</span>, fierce.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assalto,</span></span> assault. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 (Bobadil). Ital. <span class='it'>assalto</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assassinate,</span></span> an assassin, murderer. Dryden, Span. Friar, iv. 1 -(Dominic); Don Sebastian, v. 1 (Almeyda).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assay,</span></span> proof, trial; attempt; attack. Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; ii. 2. 71; -iii. 3. 69. <span class='it'>At all assays</span>, in every trial or juncture, in any case, on every -occasion, always, Drayton, Harmony of the Church, Ecclus. xxxvi. st. 6; -‘At all assayes, <span class='it'>en tous poynts</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>assay</span>, trial (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 290). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assai</span> (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assinego,</span></span> a donkey, a dolt. Also <span class='it'>asinego</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, v. 4 (Welford); <span class='it'>asinigo</span>, Marmion, Antiquary, v. 1 (Ant.). Spelt -<span class='it'>asinico</span> in ed. 1606; Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 49; Span. <span class='it'>asnico</span>, ‘a little asse’ -(Minsheu), deriv. of <span class='it'>asno</span>, an ass, L. <span class='it'>asinus</span>, ass.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assistant,</span></span> used by Fletcher for Span. <span class='it'>asistente</span>, the chief officer of -justice at Seville. Span. Curate, iii. 1. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assoil,</span></span> to set free, to dispel. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 58; iv. 5. 30. A -peculiar use of <span class='it'>assoil</span>, to absolve. ME. <span class='it'>assoilen</span>, to absolve, pardon, discharge -(Chaucer). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assoiler</span>, to pardon (Rough List); <span class='it'>-soiler</span> is formed from -the present stem <span class='it'>soille</span> of the verb <span class='it'>soldre</span>, Romanic type <span class='it'>sol’re</span>, L. <span class='it'>solvere</span>, to loosen.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assoil,</span></span> used for <span class='it'>soil</span>, to sully, taint. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, iii. 1 -(Euphanes). [NED. quotes a modern instance, from D’Israeli.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assot,</span></span> to befool, make a fool of. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 8; iii. 8. 22; -<span class='it'>assot</span>, pp. infatuated, Shep. Kal., March, 25. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assoter</span>, to make a -fool of, deriv. of <span class='it'>sot</span>, a fool (Gower). Med. L. <span class='it'>sottus</span>, ‘stolidus, bardus, -simplex’ . . . ‘hinc Carolus Sottus, qui vulgo “Simplex” ’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assurd,</span></span> to burst forth. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 302. OF. <span class='it'>assordre</span>, -<span class='it'>essordre</span>, L. <span class='it'>exsurgere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>assured,</span></span> affianced. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 145; King John, ii. 535.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astart,</span></span> to start up. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 29.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astarte,</span></span> to escape. Turbervile, Hunting, 138. ME. <span class='it'>asterte</span>, to escape -(Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1802).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astert,</span></span> to come suddenly upon, happen suddenly to. Spenser, Shep. -Kal., Nov., 187. ME. <span class='it'>asterte</span>, to happen, befall (Gower, C. A. i. 722; v. 707).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astone,</span></span> to astound, confound. Peele, Sir Clyomon; ed. Dyce, p. 526. -ME. <span class='it'>aston-en</span> (Chaucer); OF. <span class='it'>estoner</span>; Pop. Lat. <span class='it'>extonare</span>, for L. <span class='it'>attonare</span>, to -stun, stupefy as by thunder, <span class='it'>tonare</span>, to thunder.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='astonied'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astonied,</span></span> astonished, astounded. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, AV.: Job xvii. 8; Jer. xiv. 9; -North’s Plutarch, M. Antonius (ed. Skeat, p. 204); stunned, Spenser, Shep. -Kal., July, 227; spelt <span class='it'>astoynde</span>, astounded, Sackville Mirrour, Induct. 29. -ME. <span class='it'>astonie</span>, to amaze (Chaucer, H. Fame, iii. 1174). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stoin'>stoin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>astracism,</span></span> an astracism, or collection of stars. ‘The threefold astracism’, -Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. Possibly a deriv. of Med. L. <span class='it'>astracum</span> -‘pavimentum domus’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. <span class='it'>astracco</span>, a fretted ceiling -(Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>at-after,</span></span> after. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 22; Richard III, iv. 3. 31. -In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Shropshire -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>at after</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1445).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>at all!</span></span> a gamester’s exclamation, when he challenges all present. ‘Cry -at all!’, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2. 4; ‘have at all!’, Skelton, Bowge -of Courte, 391.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atchievement,</span></span> ‘achievement’, an ensign memorial granted in memory -of some achievement or distinguished feat. Milton, Tetrachordon (Trench, -Sel. Gl.); Dryden, Palamon, iii. 344, 932.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>athanor,</span></span> an alchemist’s furnace. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). -Arab. <span class='it'>attannūr</span>; <span class='it'>al</span>, the, <span class='it'>tannūr</span>, furnace.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atomy,</span></span> an atom. As You Like It, iii. 2. 245; a tiny being, id. iii. 5. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='atomy2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atomy,</span></span> an emaciated person, a walking skeleton. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 33 -(Qu. 1597). For <span class='it'>anatomy</span> (a skeleton), the <span class='it'>an-</span> being taken for the indef. -article.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atone,</span></span> to set two persons ‘at one’. ‘Since we cannot atone you’, -Richard III, i. 1. 202; to agree, Coriolanus, iv. 6. 72.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atonement,</span></span> reconciliation. Richard III, i. 3. 36; Beaumont and Fl., -Bloody Brother, i. 1 (Rolls).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attaint,</span></span> to hit, strike, wound. ‘His attainted thigh’, Chapman, tr. -of Iliad, xi. 572; <span class='it'>attaint</span>, pp. stricken, Sackville, Induction, st. 15. ‘I -<span class='it'>atteynt</span>, I hyt or touche a thyng, <span class='it'>Iattayngs</span>’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attame,</span></span> to commence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 19, 12; lf. 71, back, -28. OF. <span class='it'>atamer</span>; L. <span class='it'>attaminare</span>, to lay hands on. Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>entamenar</span>. -‘entamer’ (Levy). See Hatzfeld (s.v. Entamer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atte,</span></span> for <span class='it'>at the</span>; <span class='it'>atte last</span>, at the last; <span class='it'>atte castel</span>, at the castle; Morte -Arthur (see Glossary); <span class='it'>atten ale</span> (<span class='it'>at nale</span>), at the ale-house; Skelton, Bowge -of Courte, 387. ME. <span class='it'>atte</span>, at the (Chaucer); <span class='it'>atte nale</span>, at the ale-house (P. -Plowman, c. viii. 19).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attend,</span></span> attendance. Greene, A Looking-glass, i. 1. 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attent,</span></span> attentive, attentively. Milton, P. R. i. 385; Dryden, Wife of -Bath, 310.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attentate,</span></span> a criminal attempt or assault. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. -Lumby, p. 86. F. <span class='it'>attentat</span>, ‘tentative criminelle’ (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atteynt,</span></span> an ‘attaint’, a wound on a horse’s foot due to a blow or -injury; either from overstepping, or from being trodden on by another -horse. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 113; Topsell, Four-footed Beasts, 313 -(NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attonce,</span></span> at once. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 2 (Paris); iv. 1 (Paris).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attract,</span></span> an attractive quality, charm. ‘The Soule . . . glides after -these attracts’, Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 117). Late L. <span class='it'>attractus</span>, -attraction.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attrapt,</span></span> ‘trapped’, furnished with ‘trappings’; said of a horse. -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 39.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>attrite,</span></span> worn by friction. Milton, P. L. x. 1073. L. <span class='it'>attritus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>atwite,</span></span> to reproach, upbraid, twit. Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 85; spelt <span class='it'>attwite</span>, Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iii. 25. OE. <span class='it'>æt</span>, -prep., and <span class='it'>wītan</span>, to blame. The mod. E. <span class='it'>twit</span> is a shortened form of <span class='it'>atwite</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>auberge,</span></span> a lodging, a term technically applied to a reception-house -provided by the Knights Hospitallers, hence, to their fraternity. Beaumont -and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 3 (Mountferrat). F. <span class='it'>auberge</span>, O. Prov. -<span class='it'>alberga</span>. Cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>albergia</span>, ‘apud Milites Hospital. S. Joan. Hieros. -vocantur domus, in quibus Fratres Ordinis per nationes una comedunt et -congregantur. Statuta ejusd. Ordin. tit. 19 § 3’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aubifane,</span></span> the corn blue-bottle, <span class='it'>Centaurea cyanus</span>. Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, c. 14, p. 158. F. <span class='it'>aubifoin</span>, the weed Blew-bottle (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='auke1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>auke,</span></span> backward, contrary to the usual way, from left to right. ‘With -an auke stroke’, Morte Arthur, leaf 156, back; bk. viii. c. 25 (end); -‘Ringing as awk as the bells, to give notice of the conflagration’, Lestrange, -Fables (NED.). In E. Anglia bells are said to be ‘rung awk’ when they -are rung backward or contrary to the usual way, to give alarm of fire -(EDD.). The word is found in many German dialects: Kurhessen, <span class='it'>afk</span> -perverse (Vilmar). See <span class='bold'><a href='#awk'>awk</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>auke,</span></span> untoward, froward. Tusser, Husbandry, § 62. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aukly,</span></span> inauspiciously; said of the flight of birds. Golding, Metam. -v. 147; fol. 57, back.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='aulf'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aulf,</span></span> elf, goblin. Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 10. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ouphe'>ouphe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='aumayld'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aumayld,</span></span> enamelled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 57. Deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>amail</span>, -for <span class='it'>esmail</span>, enamel. See <span class='bold'><a href='#amell'>amell</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='aums-ace'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aums-ace,</span></span> double aces; given as the name of a card-game. Interlude -of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ames-ace'>ames-ace</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aunt,</span></span> a cant term for a bawd or procuress. Middleton, A Trick to -Catch, ii. 1 (first speech); Michaelmas Term, ii. 3 (Thomasine).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aunters:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>in aunters</span>, in case, in case that, if. ‘In aunters -the Englishmen shoulde sturre’, Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 57. -<span class='it'>Aunters</span> (without <span class='it'>in</span>) was used in the same sense, and represented an -adverbial form founded on <span class='it'>aunter</span>, a contraction of <span class='it'>aventure</span> (Mod. E. <span class='it'>adventure</span>); -see <span class='it'>Aunters</span> in NED. Cp. the Yorkshire word <span class='it'>anters</span>: ‘We must -have it ready, anters they come’ (i.e. in case they come); see EDD. (s.v. -Aunters, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>autem mort,</span></span> a married woman (Cant). ‘<span class='it'>Autem-mortes</span> be maried -wemen’, Harman, Caveat, p. 67. He adds ‘for Autem in their [slang] -language is a Churche; so she is a wyfe maried at the Church’. Spelt -<span class='it'>autumn mort</span>, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Randal).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avails,</span></span> profits, proceeds, ‘vails’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 94).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avale, avail,</span></span> to sink, descend, droop; also, to lower, let down. To -sink, Spenser. F. Q. i. 1. 21; iii. 2. 29; to descend, ii. 9. 10; iv. 3. 46; -to droop, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8; to lower, let down, F. Q. iv. 10. 19; Shep. -Kal., Jan., 73. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avaler</span>, to lower, bring down, swallow, deriv. of -<span class='it'>aval</span>, down, lit. to the valley (Gower), L. <span class='it'>ad vallem</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avaunce,</span></span> to advance, promote, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 71. ME. <span class='it'>avaunce</span>, -to promote (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2022). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avancer</span> (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avaunt,</span></span> to ‘vaunt’, boast. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6. ME. <span class='it'>avaunten</span> -(Chaucer). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’avanter</span>, to boast; <span class='it'>avantance</span>, <span class='it'>avanterie</span>, boasting -(Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ave-Mary bell,</span></span> a bell rung daily (once or twice) to direct the recital -of an Ave-Maria, or prayer to the Virgin. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, -pt. 1. § 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avenant,</span></span> suitable; <span class='it'>after the avenant</span>, in proportion, Caxton, Hist. Troye, -leaf 149. 30; <span class='it'>at avenant</span>, in proportion, id. lf. 225. 4. ‘Fayre and avenant’, -fair and graceful, id. lf. 256. 4. ME. <span class='it'>avenaunt</span>, graceful, comely (Chaucer, -Rom. Rose, 1263). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avenant</span>, suitable, agreeable (Gower), pres. pt. -of <span class='it'>avenir</span>, to be suitable (id.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avente him,</span></span> to refresh himself with air. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -298. 2. ME. <span class='it'>aventen</span>, to open the helmet to admit the cool air, to refresh -with cool air (Merlin, xx. 335). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aventer</span>; cp. OF. <span class='it'>esventer</span> (mod. -<span class='it'>éventer</span>), Med. L. <span class='it'>eventare</span> (Ducange), L. <span class='it'>ex</span> + <span class='it'>ventus</span>, wind.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aventre</span></span> (?). ‘[She] aventred her spear’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28; -‘[He] aventred his spear’, iv. 3. 9; ‘aventring his lance’, iv. 6. 11. The -phrase ‘they aventred their speres’ occurs in King Arthur (ed. Copland); -see NED. Can this word be an error for <span class='it'>aveutre</span>? <span class='it'>Aveutre</span> = <span class='it'>afeutre</span> = OF. -<span class='it'>afeutrer</span>, to lay a spear in rest in the <span class='it'>feutre</span>, the felt-lined socket for a lance -or spear attached to the saddle of a knight. Spenser has the verb <span class='it'>fewter</span> -equivalent in meaning to <span class='it'>afeutrer</span> in F. Q. iv. 6. 10: ‘He his threatfull -speare Gan fewter’. See NED. (s.v. Fewter).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aventure,</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>at aventure</span>, at adventure, at hazard, at random. -<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Kings xxii. 34 (improperly printed <span class='it'>at a venture</span>); ‘Certayn . . . -rode forthe at adventure’, Berners, Froissart, I. cxcii. ME. <span class='it'>aventure</span>, chance, -peril (Gower). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aventure</span>, chance, danger, uncertainty: <span class='it'>par aventure</span> -(Gower, Mirour, 1239).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>averruncate,</span></span> to avert, ward off. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i, c. 1. 758. -L. <span class='it'>auerruncare</span>, to avert. Often explained in the 17th cent. by ‘to weed -out’, or ‘to root up’, but Butler uses the word correctly. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aversation,</span></span> aversion. Bacon, Essay 27.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avile,</span></span> to hold cheap, think little of. B. Jonson, Prince Henry’s Barriers -(Lady). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aviler</span>, to debase (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avise,</span></span> to see, observe; to think; <span class='it'>refl.</span> to bethink. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. -31; iv. 2. 22; iii. 12. 10; <span class='it'>refl.</span> ii. 6. 46; iii. 3. 6. <span class='it'>To be avised of</span>, to be well -informed about, Merry Wives, i. 4. 106; Meas. ii. 2. 132. ME. <span class='it'>avise</span>, refl. -to consider (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 664). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’aviser</span>, to take thought -(Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avisefull,</span></span> observant. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 26.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avision,</span></span> a dream, vision. Douglas, Aeneid, iii. 1. 69. ME. <span class='it'>avisioun</span> -(Lydgate, Temple of Glas, 1374). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avisioun</span> (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aviso,</span></span> advice, intelligence, piece of information. B. Jonson, Magn. -Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Habington, Castara, ed. Arber, p. 102. Span. <span class='it'>aviso</span>, -information.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avouch,</span></span> to maintain, make good. Mids. Night’s D., i. 1. 106; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 10. 12. Hence <span class='it'>avouch</span>, assurance, Hamlet, i. 1. 37.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avoure,</span></span> acknowledgement, avowal. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 48. OF. <span class='it'>avouer</span>, -an avowal, prop. infin., to avow.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avoutry,</span></span> adultery. Paston, Letters, no. 883; vol. iii, p. 317; Hickscorner, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 175. ME. <span class='it'>avouterye</span> (Chaucer). Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>avoulterie</span> (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>avowre,</span></span> to vow, devote. Only in Phaer, Aeneid, viii. 85, Latin text -(M iiij, l. 6). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awaite:</span></span> <span class='it'>in await</span> (<span class='it'>awate</span>), in ambush. Fairfax, tr. Tasso, v. 18. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>en await</span> (<span class='it'>agwait</span>, <span class='it'>agueit</span>, <span class='it'>agait</span>), in ambush, lying in wait (Rough List, s.v. -Await).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awaite:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to have good awaite</span>, to take good care. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. ii, ch. 5, § 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>a-wallop,</span></span> in a boiling state, boiling quickly. Golding, Metam. vii. 263; -fol. 82 (1603). Cp. the prov. word <span class='it'>wallop</span>, ‘to boil violently with a bubbling -sound’, in common use in Scotland and in various parts of England. See -EDD. (s.v. Wallop, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='awbe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awbe,</span></span> a bull-finch. Gascoigne, Philomene, l. 35. ME. <span class='it'>alpe</span>, ‘ficedula’ -(Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#nope'>nope</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awful,</span></span> profoundly reverential. Richard II, iii. 3. 76; Dryden, Britannia, -106.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awhape,</span></span> to amaze, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 5; v. 11. 32. ME. -<span class='it'>awhapen</span> (Chaucer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='awk'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awk,</span></span> reversed; <span class='it'>the awk end</span>, the wrong end, the other end. Golding, -Metam. xiv. 300 (L. ‘conversae verbere virgae’); fol. 170, back (1603). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#auke1'>auke</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>awkward,</span></span> untoward, unfavourable, adverse. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 83; -Marlowe, Edw. II, iv. 6. 34.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>axtree,</span></span> axle-tree. Drayton, Pol. i. 498. Still in prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Ax, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3). OE. <span class='it'>œx-trēo</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>aygulets,</span></span> an aglet, metal tag. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25. A doublet of -<span class='it'>aglet</span>. Spenser seems to speak here of the bright metal tops or tags of lace, -which he likens to stars; as in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 4. 2. F. <span class='it'>aiguillette</span>, -a point (Cotgr.), dimin. of <span class='it'>aiguille</span>, a needle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ayle,</span></span> a grandfather. ‘<span class='it'>Ayle</span>, <span class='it'>Pere</span>, and <span class='it'>Fitz</span>, grandfather, father, and son’, -Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i (Jerry). ME. <span class='it'>ayel</span>, grandfather (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> -2477). Norm. F. <span class='it'>aiel</span> (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>azoch,</span></span> ‘azoth’, the alchemist’s name for quicksilver. B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt <span class='it'>assogue</span>. F. <span class='it'>assogue</span>; Span. <span class='it'>azogue</span>, -quicksilver; Arab. <span class='it'>az-zāūq</span>; <span class='it'>zāūq</span> is adapted from Pers. <span class='it'>zhīwah</span> (<span class='it'>jīvah</span>), quicksilver. -See NED., Ducange, and Dozy, Glossaire (s.v. Azogue).</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='B'>B</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>babion,</span></span> baboon. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus); -Drayton, Man in the Moon, 331; spelt <span class='it'>babyone</span> Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124, -l. 163. F. ‘<span class='it'>babion</span>, a babion or baboone’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bable,</span></span> a ‘bauble’, a toy, trick, fancy. ‘Has fill’d my head So full of -<span class='it'>bables</span>’ (some edd. <span class='it'>baubles</span>), Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4. 7; -‘That <span class='it'>bable</span> called love’, Lyly, Endimion, iii. 3 (Epi.). OF. <span class='it'>babel</span>, <span class='it'>baubel</span>, -a child’s plaything (Godefroy); <span class='it'>beau</span> + <span class='it'>bel</span>, cp. F. <span class='it'>bonbon</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bace,</span></span> (Spenser); see <span class='bold'><a href='#base'>base</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bacharach'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bacharach, backrack,</span></span> the name of a wine. Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, v. 2 (Vandunke); <span class='it'>Bacrack</span>, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 300. From -<span class='it'>Bacharach</span>, on the Rhine. See <span class='bold'><a href='#backrag'>backrag</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>back,</span></span> a bat. <span class='it'>Backes</span> or reermice; Golding, Metam., iv. 415; fol. 49 -(1603). The pl. <span class='it'>backes</span> is the form used by Wyclif, Coverdale and the -Geneva Bible, in Isaiah ii. 20, where AV. has <span class='it'>battes</span>, see NED. (s.v. Bat). -In Scotland the usual word for the bat is <span class='it'>Backie</span> (or <span class='it'>Backie-bird</span>), see EDD. -(s.v. Backie, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>backare!,</span></span> go back, keep back. ‘<span class='it'>Backare! quod Mortimer to his sow</span>; -i.e. keep back, said Mortimer’; an old proverb, often quoted against -such as are too forward, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Roister); Tam. -Shrew, ii. 1. 72. See EDD. (s.v. Baccare).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='backcheat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>backcheat,</span></span> stolen apparel, lit. things from the back. (Thieves’ cant.) -‘Back or belly-cheats’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='backrag'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>backrag,</span></span> the name of a wine. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1 (Bornwell); -Mayne, City Match, i. 3 (near the end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bacharach'>bacharach</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>backside,</span></span> a yard behind a farmhouse. Witch of Edmonton, iv. 1 -(Old Banks). Very common in prov. usage, see EDD. (s.v. Backside, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>badger-nab,</span></span> a strong little badger. ‘<span class='it'>Meg</span> [a witch] What Beast was -by thee hither rid? <span class='it'>Mawd</span> [second witch] A Badger-nab’, Heywood, -Witches of Lancs., iv. 1, vol. iv. p. 220. Cp. <span class='it'>knab</span>, a strong boy, a thickset, -strong little animal (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baffle,</span></span> to treat with ignominy and contempt. It was originally a -punishment inflicted on recreant knights, one part of it being that the -victim was hung up by the heels and beaten. See Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. -27; Beaumont and Fl., A King and no King, iii. 2 (Bessus); 1 Hen. IV, -i. 2. 113; Richard II, i. 1. 170. See Trench, Select Glossary, and NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bag:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to give the bag</span>, to cheat. Westward Ho, iv. 2 (Honeysuckle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bagage,</span></span> refuse, worthless stuff; ‘When brewers put no bagage in -their beere’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1082; Tusser, Husbandry, st. 21. -An Essex word in this sense, see EDD. (s.v. Baggage, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Cp. Port. -<span class='it'>bagaço</span>, ‘marc; ce qui reste de plus grossier de quelque fruit, qu’on a -pressé pour en retirer le suc’ (Roquette).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bagatine,</span></span> a small Italian coin, worth about the third part of a farthing. -B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 2 (Vol.). Ital. <span class='it'>bagatino</span>, <span class='it'>bagattino</span>, ‘a little coyne -vsed in Italie’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bagle,</span></span> a staff, or crosier such as a bishop carries. <span class='it'>Bagle-rod</span>, Phaer, -tr. of Aeneid, vii. 188 (see the side-note). Icel. <span class='it'>bagall</span>, a crosier, L. <span class='it'>baculum</span>, -a rod, staff.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bague, baghe,</span></span> a ring, brooch. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 54, back, 8; -lf. 98. 11. F. <span class='it'>bague</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baies,</span></span> scoldings (?). ‘Ill servant . . . deserveth hir fee to be paid hir -with <span class='it'>baies</span>’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bain,</span></span> a bath. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, x. 567; to bathe, Greene, The -Palmer’s Verses, l. 88 (Capricornus); <span class='it'>bayne</span>, Surrey, Desc. of restless state -of a Lover, 13. F. <span class='it'>bain</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bain,</span></span> supple, lithe. Golding, Metam. iv. 354 (fol. 48); xv. 202; fol. 182 -(1603). In common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bain, sb. 1). ME. <span class='it'>beyn</span>, -‘flexibilis’ (Prompt.). Icel. <span class='it'>beinn</span>, straight; also, ready to serve.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bains;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#banes'>banes</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bait,</span></span> to stop at an inn to feed the horses, also to stop for refreshment; -used <span class='it'>fig.</span> ‘Evil news rides post, while good news baits’, Milton, Samson, -1538. In prov. use in the sense of stopping to feed. See EDD. (s.v. Bait, -vb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bald,</span></span> marked with white upon the head. Hence ‘bald coot’, a coot -(<span class='it'>Fulica atra</span>); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 1 (Zanthia). In prov. -use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bale,</span></span> a set of dice; usually three. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); -Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Young Chartley); A Woman -never vexed, ii. 1 (Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Bale, sb.<sup>3</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ball,</span></span> a white streak on a horse’s face. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 73. -Hence <span class='it'>ball</span>, as a horse’s name; orig. one marked with a white streak; -Tusser, Husbandry, § 95, st. 2. Prob. of Celtic origin; cp. Gael. <span class='it'>ball</span>, spot, -mark, Breton <span class='it'>bal</span>, a white mark on an animal’s face.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>balloon,</span></span> a game in which a large ball (like a football) was struck by -the arm, which was protected by a stout guard. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Sir -Petronel); Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, iv. 1 (<span class='it'>1st Lady</span>). <span class='it'>Balloo</span>, in the -phr. <span class='it'>at the Balloo</span> (B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1: <span class='it'>Volpone</span>), must be an error for -<span class='it'>at the Balloon</span>, i.e. when playing at the game. Also <span class='it'>balloon-ball</span>, Middleton, -Game at Chess, ii. 1 (B. Knight).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ballow,</span></span> smooth. ‘Ballowe wood’, i.e. smooth wood without bark, see -Nottingham Corporation Records, ed. Stevenson, vol. iv, Glossary (date of -entry 1504); ‘The ballow nag’, Drayton, Pol. iii. 24. ME. <span class='it'>balhow</span>, smooth, -plain (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 136).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>ballow,</span> in King Lear, iv. 6. 247, prob. means a quarter-staff made from -<span class='it'>ballow</span> wood. See above.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ban,</span></span> to curse, imprecate damnation on. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 25; a curse, -Hamlet, iii. 2. 269. Icel. <span class='it'>banna</span>, to prohibit, curse.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='band1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>band,</span></span> a collar, lying flat upon the dress, worn round the neck by man -or woman. Also called <span class='it'>falling-bands</span>, Middleton, Roaring Girl, i. 1 (Mary). -The falling band succeeded the cumbersome ruff.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>band,</span></span> to bandy about, like a tennis-ball. Look about You, sc. 32, l. 5; -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 490.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>banding-ball,</span></span> a ball to be driven about at tennis or in the game of -bandy. Wounds of Civil War; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 116.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bando,</span></span> a proclamation. Shirley, Sisters, v. 2 (Longino). Ital. <span class='it'>bando</span>, -a public proclamation (Dante).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bandoleer, bandalier,</span></span> a broad belt, worn over the shoulder and -across the breast. Peele, Polyhymnia, The Third Couple (l. 10). Hence, -a wearer of a bandoleer was <span class='it'>himself</span> called by the same name. Thus Gascoigne -has: ‘Their peeces then are called Petronels, And <span class='it'>they themselves</span> -by sundrie names are called, As Bandolliers . . . Or . . . Petronelliers’, -Works, i. 408. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bandora,</span></span> a kind of guitar; now called <span class='it'>banjo</span>. Middleton, Your Five -Gallants, v. 2 (hymn); also <span class='it'>pandore</span>, Drayton, Pol. iv. 361. Ital. <span class='it'>pandora</span>, -a bandora (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bandrol,</span></span> a long narrow flag, with a cleft end; a streamer from a lance. -Drayton, Pol. xxii. 211. Spelt <span class='it'>bannerall</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 26. F. <span class='it'>banderole</span>, -a little flag or streamer, a penon (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='banes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>banes,</span></span> ‘banns’ of marriage (the usual spelling to 1661); Tam. Shrew, -ii, 1. 181; spelt <span class='it'>bains</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 36. ME. <span class='it'>bane</span> of a play (or -mariage, Pynson), ‘banna’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bangling,</span></span> frivolous contention, squabbling. Englishmen for my -Money, iv. 1 (Heigham); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 528.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>banquerout, bankrout,</span></span> a bankrupt. Webster, Appius, v. 2 (Virginius); -Com. Errors, iv. 2. See Dict. (s.v. Bankrupt).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>banquet,</span></span> a slight refection, a dessert after dinner. Tam. Shrew, v. 2. -9; Timon, i. 2. 160; ‘The Banquet is brought in’, Middleton, No Wit like -a Woman’s, ii. 1 (stage direction).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barate,</span></span> treason. Caxton, Hist. Troye, 327, back, 10; 335. 29. OF. -<span class='it'>barat</span>, deceit. See NED. (s.v. Barrat).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barathrum,</span></span> abyss, a bottomless pit. ‘To the lowest barathrum’, -Heywood, Silver Age (Pluto), vol. iii. p. 159; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> ‘You barathrum -of the shambles!’ Massinger, New Way, iii. 2 (Greedy); (cp. <span class='it'>barathrumque -macelli</span>, Horace, Epist. i. 15. 31). L. <span class='it'>barathrum</span>, the underworld; Gk. -βάραθρον, the yawning cleft near the Acropolis at Athens, down which -criminals were thrown.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='baratour'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baratour,</span></span> a quarrelsome person, a brawler, a rowdy, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. ii. c. 12. § 8. ME. <span class='it'>baratowre</span>, ‘pugnax, rixosus, jurgosus’ -(Prompt.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>barateur</span> ‘provocateur, querelleur’ (Moisy), deriv. of -<span class='it'>barat</span>, ‘lutte, dispute’ (id.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baratresse,</span></span> a female warrior. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 500.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baratto, barrato,</span></span> a small boat; explained as ‘an Indian boat’. -Fletcher, Island Princess, i. 1. 19; ii. 6 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barb,</span></span> to shave. Turbervile, Trag. T. 53 (NED.); to mow, Marston, -Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole); to clip money, B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 -(Face). F. <span class='it'>barber,</span> to shave, to cut the beard (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barbed,</span></span> wearing a barb. From <span class='it'>barb</span>, lit. a beard (F. <span class='it'>barbe</span>); hence, -a piece of white plaited linen, passed over or under the chin, and reaching -midway to the waist; chiefly worn by nuns. ‘Barbyd lyke a nonne’, -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1000.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bard;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#barred'>barred</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bard cater-tray,</span></span> for <span class='it'>barred cater-tray</span>, a kind of false dice in which -the throws <span class='it'>cater</span> (four) and <span class='it'>tray</span> (three) were <span class='it'>barred</span>, or prevented from being -likely to appear. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). NED. -quotes from Diceplay (1532), ed. 1850, p. 24:—‘a well-favoured die that -seemeth good and square, yet is the forehead longer on the cater and -tray than any other, way . . . Such be also called <span class='it'>bard cater-tres</span>, because, -commonly, the longer end will, of his own sway, draw downwards, and -turn up to the eye sice, sinke, deuis or ace; i.e. 6, 5, 2, or 1, but not -4 or 3’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baretour,</span></span> a fighting man, a brawler. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aen. i. 472; -id. i. 142. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>barettour</span> (Rough List). See <span class='bold'><a href='#baratour'>baratour</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bargenette, bargynet,</span></span> the name of a rustic dance, accompanied -with a song. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 20. § 12; Gascoigne, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 430. Variant of <span class='it'>bargaret</span> or <span class='it'>bargeret</span>; F. <span class='it'>bergerette</span>, ‘chant que -les bergers chantaient le jour de Pâques’ (Hatzfeld). See NED. (s.v. -Bargeret).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barley-bread,</span></span> coarse food. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 637.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='barley-break'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barley-break,</span></span> an old country-game; usually one couple, left in a -middle den termed ‘hell’, had to catch the other two couples (who were -allowed to separate and ‘break’ when hard pressed, and thus to change -partners); when caught, they had to take their turn as catchers. <span class='it'>Two -Noble Kinsmen</span>, iv. 3. 34; ‘A course at <span class='it'>barley-break</span>’, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, -A. i (Clarion). The last couple left were said to be in hell: ‘<span class='it'>Barly-break: -or Last in Hel</span>’, a poem by Herrick. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barley-hood,</span></span> a fit of ill-temper, brought on by drunkenness. So -called because caused by <span class='it'>barley</span>, i.e. malt liquor. Skelton, El. Rummyng, -372. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barn,</span></span> a ‘bairn’, a child. Much Ado, iii. 4. 48. ME. <span class='it'>barne</span>, ‘infans’ -(Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>bearn</span> (Anglian <span class='it'>barn</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barnacles,</span></span> barnacle-geese. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 305 (where the fable -is given). See EDD. (s.v. Barnacle, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barratry,</span></span> vexatious persistence in litigation. Butler, Hudibras, iii. -3. 695. See <span class='bold'><a href='#baratour'>baratour</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barrèd,</span></span> misused for <span class='it'>barded</span>, i.e. caparisoned. Drayton, Pol. xii. 481. -Shortened to <span class='it'>bard</span>; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iii. 1 (Cornwall).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='barred'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barred gown,</span></span> a gown marked with stripes or bars of gold lace, like -that of a judge or law-officer. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, i. 1 (Rolliardo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barrendry,</span></span> a barony, a title of a baron. Chapman, Humorous Day’s -Mirth, p. 31. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>baronnerie</span>, a baronry, the domain of a baron, the -rank or dignity of baron. See NED. (s.v. Baronry).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barriers,</span></span> lists, as for a tournament. <span class='it'>To fight at barriers</span>, to fight within -lists. ‘<span class='it'>Jeu de Barres</span>, a martial sport of men armed and fighting together -with short swords within certain Barres or lists, whereby they are separated -from the spectators’, Cowel’s Interpreter (ed. 1701). Webster, White -Devil; ed. Dyce, p. 40; at p. 6, the ‘great barriers’ are said ‘to moult -feathers’; alluding to the plumes cut from the helmets of the combatants.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>barth,</span></span> a warm place or pasture for calves or lambs. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 33. 26; Coles, Dict., 1677. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Prob. a derivative -of OE. <span class='it'>beorgan</span>, to shelter, protect.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basciomani,</span></span> kissings of the hand. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 56. Ital. -<span class='it'>basciamano</span>, a kissing of the hand (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='base'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>base,</span></span> or <span class='it'>prison-bars</span>, the name of a boys’ game. <span class='it'>To bid base</span>, to challenge -to pursuit, as in the game, Venus and Adonis, 303; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. -5; <span class='it'>at bace</span>, id. v. 8. 5. ‘<span class='it'>Barres</span>, play at <span class='it'>bace</span>, or prison Bars’, Cotgrave. -ME. <span class='it'>bace</span>, play, ‘barri’ (Prompt. EETS. 24, see note no. 100). ‘<span class='it'>Barri</span> sunt -ludi, anglicè <span class='it'>bace</span>’ (Wright, Vocab. 176; foot-note).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bases,</span></span> pl. (used like <span class='it'>skirts</span>), applied to a plaited skirt of cloth, velvet, -or rich brocade, appended to the doublet, and reaching from the waist to -the knee, common in the Tudor period. Massinger, Picture, ii. 1 (Sophia); -Chapman, Mask of the Inner Temple, § 2. Called ‘a pair of <span class='it'>bases</span>’, Pericles, -ii. 1. 167.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bash,</span></span> to be abashed, Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 3; Peele, Arraignment -of Paris, iv. 1 (Venus); to make abashed, Greene, Looking Glasse, -i. 1. 75 (Rasni). In prov. use in both senses, see EDD. (s.v. vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basilisk,</span></span> a species of ordnance. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, -iv. 1. 2; Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 16 (ed. Furnivall, -281).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='basket'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basket, the,</span></span> one in which the broken meat and bread from the sheriffs’ -table was carried to the counters, for poor prisoners. Middleton, Inner-Temple -Masque (Dr. Almanac). Hence, <span class='it'>go to the basket</span>, i.e. to prison, Massinger, -Fatal Dowry, v. 1 (Pontalier). Cp. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, iii. 4 -(Rolliardo). There were three grades of prisoners in each of the counters; -they occupied, respectively, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward, and -the Hole. Those in the Hole paid nothing for their provisions, but -depended upon the basket.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baslard,</span></span> a kind of hanger, or small sword. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, -st. 18. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>baselard</span>. For the other French forms, <span class='it'>bazelaire</span>, <span class='it'>badelaire</span>, -<span class='it'>beaudelaire</span>, see Ducange (s.vv. Basalardus, Basalaria, Bazalardus, Badelare).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basque,</span></span> a short skirt. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling). -F. <span class='it'>basque</span>, a short skirt (Cotgr.); from <span class='it'>Basque</span>, name of the ancient race inhabiting -both slopes of the western Pyrenees.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bass,</span></span> to kiss. ‘Bas me’, Skelton, Speke Parrot, 106; ‘I <span class='it'>basse</span> or kysse -a person, <span class='it'>Ie baise</span>’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>baiser</span>; L. <span class='it'>basiare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bassa,</span></span> an earlier form of the Turkish military title ‘Bashaw’. Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 3. 306; spelt <span class='it'>basso</span>, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 1. 1. Turkish -<span class='it'>bāshā</span>, prob. fr. <span class='it'>bāsh</span>, a head. See NED. (s.v. Pasha).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>basta,</span></span> enough. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 203. Ital. (and Span.) <span class='it'>basta</span>, it is -enough (Florio); Ital. <span class='it'>bastare</span>, and Span. <span class='it'>bastar</span>, to suffice.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bastard,</span></span> a sweet Spanish wine resembling muscatel. 1 Hen. IV, ii. -4. 30; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bastardeigne,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bastard eigné,</span></span> firstborn bastard. Wycherley, -Plain Dealer, iv (Widow). <span class='it'>Eigné</span> is a late spelling of <span class='it'>ayné</span>, <span class='it'>ainé</span>; from F. -<span class='it'>aîné</span>, OF. <span class='it'>ainsné</span>; <span class='it'>ains</span>, before, + <span class='it'>né</span>, born (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bastone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bastone,</span></span> a ‘baton’, cudgel. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.). -ME. <span class='it'>baston</span>, a cudgel (Cursor M. 15827). OF. <span class='it'>baston</span> (F. <span class='it'>bâton</span>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#batoon'>batoon</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>batable,</span></span> debatable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. ‘<span class='it'>Batable -ground</span> seemeth to be the ground in question heretofore whether it belonged -to England or Scotland, 23 Hen. VIII, c. 16, as if we should say debatable -ground,’ Cowell, Interp. (ed. 1637).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bate</span></span> (short for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>abate</span></span>), to reduce, diminish, decrease, deduct. Merch. -Ven. iii. 3. 32; iv. 1. 72; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 2; Hamlet, v. 2. 23; to blunt, -Love’s L. L. i. 1. 6. Phr. <span class='it'>to bate an Ace</span>, to abate a tittle, to make the -slightest abatement, Heywood, Witches of Lancashire iv (Robin); vol. iv, -p. 223, l. 2; <span class='it'>Bate me an ace, quod Bolton</span>, an expression of incredulity, R. -Edwards, Damon and P. in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 77 (NED. s.v. Bate, -vb.<sup>2</sup> 6 d).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bate,</span></span> to beat the wings impatiently and flutter away from the fist or -perch. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 199; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 99 (old edd. <span class='it'>bayted</span>). -F. <span class='it'>se battre</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bate,</span></span> bit, a northern form of the pret. of <span class='it'>bite</span>. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 7. -See EDD. (s.v. Bate vb.<sup>4</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>batful,</span></span> fattening, full of sustenance. Drayton, Pol. iii. 349; vii. 93; -&c. See <span class='bold'><a href='#batten'>batten</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='batoon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>batoon, battoon,</span></span> a stick, cudgel. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 (Rogers); -<span class='it'>battoon</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 (Egremont). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bastone'>bastone</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='battaile'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battaile,</span></span> a body of troops in battle array. Bacon, Essay 58, § 9; -<span class='it'>battayle</span>, Psalm lxxvi. 3 (Bible 1539); <span class='it'>the main battle</span>, main body of an armed -force, Richard III, v. 3. 301. Prov. <span class='it'>batalha</span> ‘troupe rangée’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='batten'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>batten,</span></span> to feed gluttonously, Hamlet, iii. 4. 67; to fatten, ‘Battening -our flocks’, Milton, Lycidas, 29; to grow fat, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Moon-calf). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battle,</span></span> (at Oxford) to have a kitchen and buttery account, to obtain -provisions in college. ‘I eat my commons with a good stomach and -battled with discretion’, Puritan Widow, i. 2. 42; ‘To battle, as scholars -do in Oxford, <span class='it'>Estre debteur au College pour ses vivres</span>’, Sherwood, Dict. 1672.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battle, battill,</span></span> to grow fat. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 38; <span class='it'>battling</span>, fattening, -nourishing to cattle, Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 9. 4; nutritious to -man, Golding, tr. of Ovid Met. xv. 359. See <span class='bold'><a href='#batten'>batten</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battle.</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#battaile'>battaille</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battled,</span></span> ‘embattled’, furnished with battlements. Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iii. 2 (Maria).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>battree,</span></span> a battle, encounter. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, 16; Pompey, -1. Variant of <span class='it'>battery</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='baudkin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baudkin,</span></span> a rich embroidered stuff, a rich brocade. Holland, Camden’s -Brit. i. 174; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 777. Hence, <span class='it'>cloth of bodkin</span>, Shirley, -Lady of Pleasure, iii. 2 (Frederick); B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxviii; Massinger, -City Madam, ii. 1. OF. <span class='it'>baudequin</span>, med. L. <span class='it'>baldakinus</span> (Ducange), -cp. Ital. <span class='it'>baldacchino</span>, lit. belonging to <span class='it'>Baldacco</span>, the Italian name for -Bagdad.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baudricke,</span></span> ‘a baldric’, belt, girdle. Spenser calls the zodiac the -<span class='it'>baudricke</span> (or <span class='it'>bauldricke</span>) of the heavens, F. Q. v. 1. 11; Prothalamion, 174. -ME. <span class='it'>bawdryk</span> (Prompt.), MHG. <span class='it'>balderich</span>, a girdle (Schade). See Dict. (s.v. -Baldric).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bause</span></span> (?). Only in this passage: ‘My spaniel slept, whilst I <span class='it'>baus’d</span> -leaves’, Marston, What you Will, ii. 2 (Lam.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bauson'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bauson, bawson,</span></span> a badger. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 71; <span class='it'>bauzon’s</span> -skin; Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, st. 10. <span class='it'>Bauson</span> is -a common north-country word for a badger, see EDD. Cp. OF. <span class='it'>bausen</span>, -<span class='it'>bauzan</span>, black and white spotted, Ital. <span class='it'>balzano</span>, a horse with white feet -(Florio). See NED. The French word for a badger is <span class='it'>blaireau</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>baux</span></span> (a plural form), the name of a breed of swift hounds used in the -chase; ‘Those dogges called Baux of Barbarie, of the whiche Phoebus -doeth speake’, Turbervile, Hunting, ch. i. p. 3; ‘White dogges called -Baux, and surnamed Greffiers’, id. ch. ii, p. 4; ‘<span class='it'>Greffiers</span>, a kind of white -hounds, the same as Bauds’, Cotgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Souillard</span>, the name of a dog, -between which and a bitch called <span class='it'>Baude</span>, the race of the <span class='it'>Bauds</span> (white and -excellent hounds) was begun’ (id.). Comb. <span class='it'>Baux-hound</span>, Holme’s Academy -of Armory, p. 184. F. <span class='it'>baud</span>, ‘chien courant, originaire de Barbarie’ -(Hatzfeld). Probably of Germanic origin, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>bald</span>, bold -(Schade).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bavian,</span></span> a baboon, an occasional character in the old Morris dance. -He appears in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. See Nares. Du. <span class='it'>baviaan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bawcock,</span></span> a fine fellow, Hen. V, iii. 2. 27; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. 125. -A Lincolnshire word for a foolish person (EDD.). Hence probably the -surname ‘Bawcock’, see Bardsley, 475. F. <span class='it'>beau coq</span>, a fine cock.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bawn,</span></span> a fortified enclosure, outwork of a castle. Spenser, View of -Ireland, Globe ed. p. 642, col. 2. Irish <span class='it'>baḋḃḋún</span>, an enclosure (Dinneen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bawson,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#bauson'>bauson</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bay,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#beck'>beck and bay, at</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bayard,</span></span> the name of the horse given to Renaud, one of the Four Sons -of Aymon (name of a romance), hence, a common name for a horse; -‘Bolde bayarde, ye are to blynde’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 123, l. 101; -<span class='it'>a Bayard’s bun</span>, horse bread, id. i. 15, l. 8. <span class='it'>Bayard</span>, lit. of a bay colour, -O. Prov. <span class='it'>baiart</span>, ‘bai; cheval bai’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bayes,</span></span> ‘baize’. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. v, p. 31. A plural -form of <span class='it'>bay</span>, bay coloured, reddish-brown. See Dict. (s.v. Baize).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beace,</span></span> beasts; pl. of <span class='it'>beast</span>. Golding, Metam. xv. 13. This is the -usual pron. of <span class='it'>beast</span> (and <span class='it'>beasts</span>) in the north of England. For various -spellings—<span class='it'>beas</span>, <span class='it'>beece</span>, <span class='it'>beess</span>, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Beast).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='beached'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beached,</span></span> apparently for <span class='it'>beeked</span>, i.e. seasoned (as wood) by exposure to -heat. ‘A coodgell [cudgel] <span class='it'>beached</span> or pilled [peeled] lawfully’, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 39; p. 106. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>beke</span>: ‘to beke wandes’ (Cath. Angl.), -see NED. (s.v. Beek vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 b). See <span class='bold'><a href='#beak'>beak</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bead'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bead,</span></span> a prayer, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 872. -This is the orig. sense of mod. E. <span class='it'>bead</span>; a perforated ball was so called -because it was used for counting prayers. ME. <span class='it'>bede</span> ‘oracio’ (Prompt.). -OE. (<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>bed</span> prayer.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bead-roll,</span> a list, catalogue. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 32; <span class='it'>bed-roll</span>, Heywood, -A Woman Killed, iii. 1 (Sir Charles). Properly, a list of persons to be -specially prayed for.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>beadsman,</span> one who prays for another, Two Gent. i. 1. 18. ME. <span class='it'>bedeman</span>, -‘orator, supplicator’ (Prompt.). OE. (<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>bedmann</span> (John iv. 23).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bead-hook,</span></span> a kind of boat-hook. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad xv. -356, 624; Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 (Septimius). Spelt <span class='it'>beede-hook</span>, Raleigh, -Hist. World (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='beak'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beak, beyk,</span></span> to expose to the warmth of the fire; to season by heat. -‘Beak ourselves’, Grimald, Metrodorus, 3; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 109. -<span class='it'>Beyked</span>, seasoned, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 3. See EDD. (s.v. Beek -vb. 1 and 2). See <span class='bold'><a href='#beached'>beached</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beam,</span></span> the main trunk of a stag’s horn which bears the antlers, Turbervile, -Hunting, 53.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beam,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#beme'>beme</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beamy,</span></span> beam-like, massive. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 480; tr. of Aeneid, -xii. 641. Cp. 1 Sam. xvii. 7 (massive as a weaver’s beam—the spear of -Goliath).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bear</span></span> (the animal). Are you there with your <span class='it'>bears</span>? are you at it -again? ‘Explained by Joe Miller as the exclamation of a man who, not -liking a sermon he had heard on Elisha and the bears, went next Sunday -to another church, only to find the same preacher and the same discourse’ -(NED.). Some think it refers to the bears in a bear-garden; but -they do not say why, nor how. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 3 (Silena); -Howell, Foreign Travell, p. 20.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bear-brich,</span> bear-breech, bear’s-breech; a popular name of the -acanthus; see NED. (s.v. Brank-ursine). Golding, Metam. xiii. 701 -(L. acantho); fol. 162 (1603).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bear-herd,</span> the keeper of a bear, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 191.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bear-ward,</span> B. Jonson, Masque of Angus (Slug). Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, iv. 4 (Prigg).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bear a brain,</span></span> to use one’s brains, to be cautious; also, to remember. -Romeo, i. 3. 29; Grim the Collier, v. 1. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 457. -Cp. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1422.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bear in hand,</span></span> to lead one to believe, to keep in expectation, to amuse -with false <span class='it'>pretences</span>, Meas. for M., i. 4. 51. Hamlet, ii. 2. 67; B. Jonson, -Volpone i. 1; ‘<span class='it'>I beare in hande</span>, I threp upon a man that he hath done -a dede, or make hym byleve so’, Palsgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Barenhond). -ME. ‘I bar him on honde he hadde enchanted me’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 575).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bearing.</span></span> ‘A standing [upright] bearyng bowe,’ Ascham, Toxophilus, -p. 79. <span class='it'>A bearing arrow</span> seems to have meant an arrow true in its flight -(Nares), though it merely meant stout, or strong; probably <span class='it'>a bearing bow</span> -was a strong and trusty one, one to be relied upon to shoot straight and -well. So also <span class='it'>bearing</span> dishes, i.e. solid, substantial dishes or viands; -Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1 (Greedy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bearing-cloth,</span></span> the cloth in which a child was carried to the font. -Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 119; Beaumont and Fl., Chances, iii. 3 (Landlady).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beast,</span></span> an obsolete game at cards, resembling the modern ‘Nap’. Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 1. 1007. See NED. (s.v. Beast, 8).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beaten,</span></span> orig. hammered; hence, overlaid or inlaid; embroidered. -‘Beaten damask’, Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beath,</span></span> to dry green wood by placing it near the fire, to season wood by -heat. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 9; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 7. An E. Anglian -word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>bethen</span> (Treatyse of Fysshynge). OE. <span class='it'>beðian</span>, to foment, -to warm.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beauperes,</span></span> fair companions. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 35. OF. <span class='it'>beau</span> + <span class='it'>per</span>. -F. <span class='it'>pair</span>, an equal, a peer.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beaver;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#bever1'>bever</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>becco,</span></span> a cuckold. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole); Massinger, -Bondman, ii. 3 (Gracculo). Ital. <span class='it'>becco</span>, a he-goat, a cuckold (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='beck'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beck and bay, at,</span></span> at some one’s command. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, -381. The meaning of the word <span class='it'>bay</span> in this phrase is uncertain; it is prob. -connected with ME. <span class='it'>beien</span>, to bend; OE. (Anglian), <span class='it'>bēgan</span>; cp. the phr. -<span class='it'>buken and beien</span>, Juliana, 27. See EDD. (s.v. Bay, vb.<sup>3</sup>), and NED. (s.v. -Bow, vb.<sup>1</sup> 6, quot. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1240).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>become;</span></span> ‘I know not where my sonne <span class='it'>is become</span>’, i.e. what has become -of him, Gascoigne, Supposes, v. 5 (Philogano); ed. Hazlitt, i. 251. Once -very common.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bed,</span></span> to pray. Spenser, F. Q., vi. 5. 35. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>bede</span>, a prayer. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#bead'>bead</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bed,</span></span> to command, to bid; ‘Until his Captaine <span class='it'>bed</span>’, until his captain -may command, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 41. 3 pr. sing. subj. of ME. <span class='it'>beden</span>; -OE. <span class='it'>bēodan</span>, to command.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bedare,</span></span> to dare, defy. Peele, David (Salomon); ed. Dyce, p. 484. -From <span class='it'>dare</span>; see NED. (s.v. <span class='it'>Be-</span>, prefix, p. 720).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bed-fere,</span></span> bed-fellow. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, iii. 542: spelt <span class='it'>bedphere</span>, -B. Jonson, Silent Woman, ii. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bedlam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bedlam,</span></span> a lunatic; one who had been in Bethlehem hospital; the -half-cured patients were licensed to beg for alms for their support. Barnes, -Works (1572) p. 294, col. 2; Gammer Gurton’s Needle has, for one of its -characters, Diccon <span class='it'>the Bedlam</span>; Bunyan, Pilgr. i. 123 (NED.); ‘A bedlam, -<span class='it'>maniacus</span>, <span class='it'>insanus</span>, <span class='it'>furiosus’</span>, Coles, Lat. Dict. See EDD. (sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bedrench,</span></span> to soak, swamp. Richard II, iii. 3. 46; <span class='it'>bedrent</span>, pt. s. -Sackville, Induction, st. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bed-staff,</span></span> ‘a staff or stick used in some way about a bed’ (NED.). The -precise sense is uncertain. Often used as a weapon; B. Jonson, Every -Man, i. 4 (Bobadil). ‘With throwing <span class='it'>bed-staves</span> at her’, Staple of News, v. 1 -(Lickfinger).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bee,</span></span> an armlet, ring. ‘A riche <span class='it'>bee</span> of gold’, Morte Arthur, leaf 135 -(end); bk. vii, c. 35. The word is still in use in Ireland for a ferule -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>bee</span>, an armlet (Paston Letters, iii. 464). OE. <span class='it'>bēah</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beech-coal,</span></span> charcoal made from beech wood. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 -(Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beeld,</span></span> to ‘build’. Mirror for Magistrates, Emp. Severus, st. 21. <span class='it'>Beeld</span> -is the pron. of <span class='it'>build</span> in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD., The -Grammar; Index (s.v. Build).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beer,</span></span> a pillow. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. iv. 414. See NED. (s.v. -Bear, sb.<sup>4</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pillowbeer'>pillowbeer</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>before me,</span></span> a form of asseveration. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 194; Oth. iv. 1. -149. Cp. <span class='it'>before heaven</span>, Meas. ii. 1. 69; <span class='it'>before God</span>, Much Ado, ii. 3. 192.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beg for a fool,</span></span> to ask for the guardianship of an idiot. The custody -of an idiot or witless person could be granted by the king to a subject who -had sufficient interest to obtain it. If the ‘fool’ was wealthy, it was a -profitable business. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>begin,</span></span> s., a beginning. ‘Of fowr begynns’ (i.e. the four elements), -Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 38; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. ‘The hard beginne’, -Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beglerbeg,</span></span> the governor of an Ottoman province. Massinger, Renegado, -iii. 4 (Carazie). Turk. <span class='it'>begler-beg</span>, bey of beys.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beglarde,</span></span> for <span class='it'>beglaired</span>, smoothed over, as with a cosmetic. Mirror for -Magistrates; Guidericus, st. 43. From <span class='it'>glair</span>, q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>behave,</span></span> to manage, govern, control. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Timon, -iii. 5. 22. OE. <span class='it'>behabban</span>, to restrain.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>behight</span></span> (in Spenser). Forms: <span class='it'>behight</span>, pres., pt. t., and pp.; <span class='it'>behot</span> -(<span class='it'>behote</span>) pp. Meanings: (1) to promise, Pt. t.: F. Q. iv. 11. 6; Pp.: F. Q. ii. -3. 1; F. Q. i. 11. 38 (behot); (2) to name, call, pronounce, F. Q. i. 10. 64; -Pp.: Shep. Kal., April, 120; (3) to order, command, F. Q. vi. 2. 30; Pt. t.: -F. Q. ii. 11. 17; (4) to entrust, commit, Pt. t.: F. Q. v. 9. 3; Pp.: F. Q. -i. 10. 50; (5) to account, consider, Pp.: F. Q. iv. 1. 44; (6) to adjudge, -Pp.: F. Q. iv. 5. 7. The normal ME. forms are: <span class='it'>Behote</span> (infin.), <span class='it'>behight</span> -(pt. t.), <span class='it'>behote</span>(<span class='it'>n</span> (pp.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>behight,</span></span> a promise. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lxxiii, l. 60.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beholding,</span></span> indebted, under obligation. Merry Wives, i. 1. 283; Beaumont -and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Pinac). In common prov. use in -many parts of England (Midlands, E. Anglia, Somerset). See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beholdingness,</span></span> obligation, indebtedness. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 -(last speech).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bel-accoyle,</span></span> fair welcome. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. OF. <span class='it'>bel acoil</span>, fair -welcome. See <span class='bold'><a href='#accoyl'>accoyl</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belamour,</span></span> a lover. Spenser, F. Q. 6. 16; iii. 10. 22. F. <span class='it'>bel amour</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belamy,</span></span> fair friend. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 52. ME. <span class='it'>bel amy</span> (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 318). OF. <span class='it'>bel ami</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belay,</span></span> to beset, encompass. Spenser, Sonnet, 14; <span class='it'>belayd</span>, pp. set about -with ornament; F. Q. vi. 2. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belee,</span></span> to place on the lee, in a position in which the wind has little -influence; ‘Beleed and calmed’, Othello, i. 1. 30.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beleek,</span></span> belike, probably. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 1 (Mercury); id. -Tale of Troy; ed. Dyce, p. 555. See <span class='bold'><a href='#belike'>belike</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belgards,</span></span> amorous glances. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; iii. 10. 52. Ital. -<span class='it'>bel guardo</span>, fair or kindly look.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='belike'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belike,</span></span> perhaps, no doubt (used ironically). Milton, P. L. ii. 156; Two -Gent. ii. 1. 85. In common prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='belive'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belive,</span></span> quickly. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, -ii. 1. Still in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>bi life</span>, lit. with life or liveliness. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bilive'>bilive</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bell, to bear the,</span></span> to take the first place, be the first, be pre-eminent. -‘Win the spurres, and beare the bell’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Aristippus, -§ 1. From the precedence of the bell-wether; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bellibone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bellibone,</span></span> a fair lass. ‘Such a bellibone’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., -April, 92. From F. <span class='it'>belle et bonne</span>, fair and good girl. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bonnibell'>bonnibell</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bells,</span></span> pl.: in phr. <span class='it'>to take one’s bells</span>, used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, to be ready to fly away. -Ford, Sun’s Darling, iii. 1 (Humour). A hawk had light bells fastened to -her legs before she flew off, that her flight might be traced.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belly-cheat,</span></span> an apron. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); -‘A belly-chete, an apern’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83. See <span class='bold'><a href='#backcheat'>backcheat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belly-cheer,</span></span> feasting, gluttony. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. -ix. 114; also, meat, viands; ‘<span class='it'>Carrelure de ventre</span>, meat, belly-timber, belly-cheere’, -Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>belsire,</span></span> grandfather. Drayton, Pol. viii. 73; <span class='it'>beel sire</span>, Caxton, Hist. -Troye, leaf 321. 6; <span class='it'>bele-fader</span>, id. lf. 344, back, 27; ‘<span class='it'>Belsyre</span>, grant pere’, -Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>belsyr</span>, or belfadyr, ‘Avus’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='beme'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beme,</span></span> a trumpet. <span class='it'>Beames</span> (spelt <span class='it'>beaumous</span>) pl., Morte Arthur, leaf -423, back, 1; bk. xxi. ch. 4. ME. <span class='it'>beme</span> (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1240). OE. -(Mercian) <span class='it'>bēme</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bemoiled,</span></span> covered with dirt. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 77. In prov. use in -the Midlands (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bemol,</span></span> B flat, in the musical scale. In the old sets of hexachords, -which began with C, G, or F; it was found necessary, in the hexachord -beginning with F, to flatten the note B. The new note, thus introduced -into the old scale, was called <span class='it'>B-mol</span> or <span class='it'>Be-mol</span>, i.e. B soft; from OF. <span class='it'>mol</span>, -soft; L. <span class='it'>mollis</span>. Its symbol was <span class='it'>b</span>, later ♭, which afterwards became a -general symbol for a flattened note. ‘La, sol, re, Softly bemole’, Skelton, -Phyllyp Sparowe, 533. Also, a half-note; ‘<span class='it'>Two beemolls</span>, or halfe-notes’, -Bacon, Sylva, § 104.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ben,</span></span> a cant term for good; <span class='it'>ben cove</span>, a good fellow. Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ben bouse,</span></span> a slang term for good drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. -1 (Trapdoor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bend</span></span> (in heraldry), an oblique stripe on a shield. Morte Arthur, leaf -216. 27; bk. x. c. 12; ‘Our bright silver bend’, Drayton, Heroical Epistles, -Surrey to Lady Geraldine, 95. The <span class='it'>bend</span> is usually the <span class='it'>bend dexter</span>, from the -dexter chief to the sinister base; the <span class='it'>bend sinister</span> slopes the other way.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bend,</span></span> a band or company. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 32. F. <span class='it'>bende</span> -(Cotgr.). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bend,</span></span> a piece of very thick leather, a piece of sole-leather. ‘A bend of -leather’, Heywood, First Part of K. Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. i. p. 40. Also, -<span class='it'>bend-leather</span> (NED.). The words <span class='it'>bend</span>, <span class='it'>bend-leather</span>, <span class='it'>bend of leather</span>, <span class='it'>leather bend</span> -are in use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Bend sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bend,</span></span> to cock a musket, pistol, or other fire-arms. A transferred use, -from bending a bow. ‘Like an engyn bent’, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 3. -53 [‘With hackbut bent’, Scott, Cadyow Castle, 137]; to direct any -weapon (spear, dart, &c.), ‘to bend that mortal dart’, Milton, P. L. ii. 729; -‘so bent his spear’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 34; (figuratively), King Lear, -ii. 1. 48.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bene-bouse, benbouse,</span></span> good drink. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bene whids,</span></span> good words; <span class='it'>to cut bene whids</span>, to speak good words. -(Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benedicite:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>under ‘benedicite’ I speak it</span>, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses -(ed. Furnivall, 186). The expression is used by Stubbes, when making -a serious charge against the magistrates, as an invocation for deliverance -from evil. L. <span class='it'>benedicite</span>, bless ye.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='benempt'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benempt,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> named. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 214. OE. <span class='it'>benemned</span>, -pp. of <span class='it'>benemnan</span>, to name (Matt. ix. 9, Lind.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benjamin,</span></span> corruption of <span class='it'>benjoin</span>, earlier form of benzoin. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Herrick, Hesp. (ed. 1869, p. 139).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benome, benoom,</span></span> to deprive. Spelt <span class='it'>benome</span>, Mirror for Mag., Somerset, -st. 9; <span class='it'>benoom</span>, id. Buckingham, st. 15. <span class='it'>Benome</span> due to pret. forms of -OE. <span class='it'>beniman</span> (<span class='it'>nōm</span>, sing.; <span class='it'>nōmon</span>, pl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bent,</span></span> a grassy slope. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 544 (from Chaucer, C. T. -<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1981); Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, XX. 9. Still in use in this sense in Scotland -and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Bent, II. 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>benting times,</span></span> scarce times, times when pigeons have no food but -<span class='it'>bent-grass</span>. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1283.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bepounced,</span></span> ornamented. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 454. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#pounce'>pounce</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beray,</span></span> to defile, befoul; ‘Berayde with blots’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, -241 (p. 56); Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Firestone); ‘It’s an ill bird -that berays its own nest’, Ray’s Proverbs (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1678); Palsgrave; Sherwood.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>berew,</span></span> in a row; ‘Mock them all berew’, World and Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 246. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rew'>rewe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bergomask,</span></span> a rustic dance. Mids. Night’s D. v. 360. Ital. <span class='it'>bergamasca</span>, -‘sorta di ballo composto tutto di salti e capriole’ (Fanfani); <span class='it'>Bergamasco</span>, -belonging to <span class='it'>Bergamo</span>, a province in the state of Venice. The inhabitants -were ridiculed as being clownish in manners.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>berlina,</span></span> a pillory. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 8 (1 Avoc.). Ital. <span class='it'>berlina</span>, -‘a pillorie’ (Florio). Med. Lat. <span class='it'>berlina</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Bermoothes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Bermoothes,</span></span> the Bermudas. Temp. i. 2. 229. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Burmoothes'>Burmoothes</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>berne,</span></span> a herb; ‘The iuyce of Berne or wylde Cresseys’, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 8; p. 21. F. <span class='it'>berle</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>berula</span>, the water-pimpernel, see -Gerarde, p. 621. See Prompt. EETS. (s.v. Bellerne, note no. 176).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<a id='berry'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>berry,</span></span> an error for <span class='it'>bevy</span>, i.e. a number; ‘A <span class='it'>berry</span> of fair roses’, Two -Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 322. Cp. ‘A Beuy of Roos’, Book -of St. Albans, fol. f 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beryels,</span></span> a tomb. Morte Arthur, leaf 141, back, 7; bk. viii. c. 6 (end); -spelt <span class='it'>buryels</span>, id. leaf 233, back, 23; bk. x. c. 32. OE. <span class='it'>byrgels</span>. See Dict. -(s.v. Burial).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besant, besaunte,</span></span> a gold coin of Byzantium. Morte Arthur, leaf 78. -15; bk. iv. c. 26. It varied in value from half a sovereign to a sovereign. -See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bescumber'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bescumber,</span></span> to befoul. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. ix. 34; -B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1. (Tibullus); Staple of News, v. 2; Comical -History of Francion (Nares); spelt <span class='it'>bescummer</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Fair -Maid of the Inn, iv. The word <span class='it'>bescummer</span>, to besmear with dirt, <span class='it'>fig.</span> to -abuse, calumniate, is in obsolescent use in Somerset and Devon (EDD.). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#scumber'>scumber</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beseen:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>well beseen</span>; spelt <span class='it'>well bisene</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 22, -back, 32; bk. i. c. 8; <span class='it'>well beseene</span>, well furnished, Spenser, Tears of the -Muses, 180; ‘I am besene, I am well or yvell apareyled’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besgue,</span></span> stammering. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 271. 5. OF. <span class='it'>besgue</span> -(F. <span class='it'>bègue</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besides himself,</span></span> all by himself, alone. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, -i. 1 (Violetta).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besit,</span></span> to suit, befit. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 10; <span class='it'>besitting</span>, befitting, id. iv. -2. 19; ‘It well besits’, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, 227. Cp. use of F. <span class='it'>seoir</span>, -to sit, also, to fit, suit, sit properly on (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beslurry,</span></span> to sully all over; ‘All beslurried’, Drayton, Nymphidia, -st. 32. Prov. E. <span class='it'>slurry</span>, to soil, bedaub (EDD).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beso las manos,</span></span> a kissing of hands; lit. ‘I kiss your hands’, a -common Spanish salutation to a lady. Massinger, Duke of Florence, iii. -1 (Calandrino).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besogno,</span></span> a needy fellow (a term of contempt). B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, iv. 2 (Asotus). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bisogno'>bisogno</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bespawl,</span></span> to bespatter with saliva. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); -‘Foam bespawled beard’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 440. OE. <span class='it'>spāld</span> (<span class='it'>spādl</span>, <span class='it'>spāðl</span>, -<span class='it'>spātl</span>), saliva.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>besprint,</span></span> besprinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 111. Also <span class='it'>besprent</span>, -<span class='it'>bespreint</span>. OE. <span class='it'>besprenged</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>besprengan</span>, to sprinkle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bestead,</span></span> pp. <span class='it'>ill bestedded</span>, ill helped, in a bad plight. Spenser, F. Q. -iv. 1. 3; <span class='it'>ill bestad</span>, id. ii. 1. 52; <span class='it'>strangely bestad</span>, strangely beset or placed, id. -iii. 10. 54; <span class='it'>bestad</span>, treated, id. vi. 6. 18; circumstanced, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 113. 23. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bestraught,</span></span> distracted. Tam. Shrew, Induction, ii. 26. L. <span class='it'>distractus</span> -gave <span class='it'>distract</span> and <span class='it'>distraught</span> on the analogy of ME. <span class='it'>straught</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>strecchen</span>, -to stretch (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 599); hence the forms <span class='it'>bestraught</span>, <span class='it'>astraught</span>. -See NED. (s.v. Bestraught).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>betake,</span></span> to commit, consign, deliver, hand over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. -25; vi. 11. 51; pt. t. <span class='it'>betook</span>, id. iii. 6. 28; pp. <span class='it'>betake</span>, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, -i. 62; fol. B ij. ME. <span class='it'>bitaken</span>; ‘Ich bitake min soule God’ = I commit my -soul to God (Rob. Glouc. 475).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>be-tall,</span></span> to pay; ‘What is to <span class='it'>be-tall</span>, what there is to pay; the amount -of the reckoning’, Heywood, Fair Maid of the West, ii. 1 (Clem); with a -quibble on <span class='it'>to be tall</span>. Du. <span class='it'>betalen</span>, to pay (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beteem,</span></span> to grant, bestow, concede, indulge with. Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. -131; Hamlet, i. 2. 141; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 19. A Gloucestershire word -(EDD.). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>temen</span>, to offer or dedicate (to God), Cursor M. 6170; -see NED. (s.v. Teem, vb.<sup>1</sup> 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>betight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> for <span class='it'>betid</span> or <span class='it'>betided</span>; happened. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., -174.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>betso,</span></span> a small Venetian coin; worth about a farthing. Marmion, The -Antiquary, iii. 1 (Bravo). Ital. <span class='it'>bezzo</span>, a small brass coin in Venice -(Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bett,</span></span> better. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 15. OE. <span class='it'>bet</span>, adv. better.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beurn,</span></span> for <span class='it'>berne</span>, a warrior. Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 54; in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 121. ME. <span class='it'>burne</span>, a man (P. Plowman, C. xvi. 163). OE. <span class='it'>beorn</span>, -a brave man.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bever1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bever,</span></span> the lower part of the moveable front of a helmet. Bacon, Essay -35, § 1; Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 31; <span class='it'>beaver</span>, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 120; Hen. V. iv. -2. 44. F. ‘<span class='it'>Bavière d’un armet</span>, the beaver of a helmet’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bever,</span></span> a short intermediate repast. A supper, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xvii, l. 10 from end. <span class='it'>Bever</span> is in prov. use in many parts of England in -the sense of a slight refreshment taken between meals, either at 11 a.m. -or 4 p.m. (EDD.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>bever</span>, ‘boire’ (Moisy); cp. Mod. Prov. <span class='it'>grand-béure</span>, -‘petit repas que les moissonneurs font vers 10 heures du matin’ -(Glossaire, <span class='it'>Mirèio</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bever,</span></span> to tremble. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 4; bk. i, c. 15. <span class='it'>Bever</span> -(<span class='it'>biver</span>), to tremble, is in common prov. use in England and Scotland -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bewaile,</span></span> to lament over; ‘An hidden rock . . . That lay in waite her -wrack for to bewaile’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 31. The meaning seems to be: -the rock lay in wait so that she would have to bewail her wreck.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>beware,</span></span> to spend, bestow money. <span class='it'>Wel bywaryd</span>, well bestowed. Morte -Arthur, leaf 123, back, 18; bk. vii, c. 21. Cp. prov. word <span class='it'>ware</span>, to spend, -to lay out money (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>waryn</span>, ‘mercor’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bewared,</span></span> made to beware, put on one’s guard. Dryden, Cock and Fox, -799.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bewet, buet,</span></span> a ring or slip of leather for attaching a bell to a hawk’s -leg. ‘The letheris that be putt in his bellis, to be fastyned a-boute his -leggys, ye shall calle <span class='it'>Bewettis</span>’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. B 6; ‘That, hauing -hood, lines, <span class='it'>buets</span>, bels of mee,’ Turbervile, To a fickle Dame, 2. Dimin. of -OF. <span class='it'>buie</span>, <span class='it'>bue</span>, <span class='it'>boie</span>, a bond, chain, fetter. L. <span class='it'>boia</span>, sing. of <span class='it'>boiae</span>, a collar.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bezoar’s stone,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bezoar-stone,</span></span> a supposed antidote to poison. -B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bezonian,</span></span> needy beggar, rascal. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 115; 2 Hen. VI, iv. -1. 134; spelt <span class='it'>bisognion</span>, Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 1. 13; see Dict. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#bisogno'>bisogno</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bezzle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bezzle,</span></span> to besot, stupefy, to drink immoderately. Marston, Malcontent, -ii. 2 (Malevole). ‘To bezzle, <span class='it'>pergraecor</span>’, Coles, Dict. Hence, <span class='it'>bezeling</span>, tippling, -Marston, Scourge, ii. 7. In prov. use in the sense of drinking immoderately, -in various parts of England; see EDD. (s.v. Bezzle, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). -Norm. F. ‘<span class='it'>besiller</span>, s’user, s’épuiser, se perdre, dépérir’ (Moisy). See Ducange -(s.v. Besilium).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bias, from the,</span></span> out of the way, off the track. Dekker, Shoemaker’s -Holiday, iii. 1 (Hodge). Prov. <span class='it'>biais</span>, ‘manière, façon’; <span class='it'>de biais</span>, ‘obliquement’ -(Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bibble, bible,</span></span> to drink frequently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. -478; Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 550. In prov. use in various parts of -England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bidcock,</span></span> a bird; said to be the water-rail. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 100.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>biddell,</span></span> a beadle. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 28. OE. <span class='it'>bydel</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bidene,</span></span> in one body or company, together, World and Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 268 (NED.); straightway, at once, forthwith, Skelton, -Colyn Cloute, 956; Douglas, Aeneid, I. ii. 33 (NED.). Often used in -Scottish poetry as a rime word, or to fill up the line, or as a mere -expletive, see EDD. (s.v. Bedene). Cp. ME. phrase <span class='it'>all</span>(<span class='it'>e bidene</span>, continuously, -one after another (Cursor M. 1457); in one body, all together -(Ormulum, 4793).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bid-stand,</span></span> a highwayman. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. -4 (Sogliardo). Because he <span class='it'>bids</span> men <span class='it'>stand and deliver</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bienvenu, benvenu,</span></span> a welcome. A Woman never vext, v. 1 (King); -Massinger, The Picture, ii. 2. 4. F. <span class='it'>bienvenuë</span>, a welcome (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>big,</span></span> a pap or teat. Tusser, Husbandry, 74; Shadwell Witches (EDD.), -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xviii. ch. 7; ‘<span class='it'>Bigge</span>, a country word for a pap or -teat’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>big,</span></span> a boil, small tumour. Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxxii. ch. 9; -Gaule Cases Consc. 6 (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>biggin,</span></span> a child’s cap. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5 (Mosca); Proverb, -‘From the biggen to the nightcap’ (i.e. from infancy to old age), B. Jonson, -Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Haughty); the saying is still in use in Cornwall -(EDD.). F. ‘<span class='it'>beguin</span>, a biggin for a child’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>biggon,</span></span> a barrister’s cap. Mayne, City Match, iv. 7 (Aurelia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilander,</span></span> a coasting vessel, a by-lander. Dryden, Hind and Panther, -i. 128. Du. <span class='it'>bijlander</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilbo,</span></span> a sword of excellent quality. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 112. Hence, -one who wears a bilbo, id. i. 1. 165. From <span class='it'>Bilbao</span> (E. Bilboa) in Spain.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilboes,</span></span> pl., an iron bar, with sliding shackles, for securing prisoners. -Hamlet, v. 2. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 2 (near the end). -Perhaps from Bilbao; see above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bilive'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilive,</span></span> soon, quickly. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lord). See <span class='bold'><a href='#belive'>belive</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bilk,</span></span> a statement having nothing in it. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 -(Tub); a cheat, a fraud, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 376.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bill,</span></span> an advertisement. Much Ado, i. 1. 39; B. Jonson. Ev. Man out -of Humour, iii. 1. 1; a doctor’s prescription, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 603.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>billed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> enrolled. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antony, § 3 (Shak. -Plut. p. 157, note 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>billiments,</span></span> pl., habiliments, apparel. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 -(Tibet); <span class='it'>billements</span>, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). Short for -<span class='it'>habiliments</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bill-men,</span></span> watchmen, armed with a pike or halbert. Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, i. 2 (Blurt).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bind with,</span></span> to grapple with, seize; said of a hawk. Massinger, -Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bing,</span></span> to go. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. I (Song); <span class='it'>bynge a -waste</span>, go you hence, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; <span class='it'>bing awast</span>, go away, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bird-bolt,</span></span> a short blunt arrow, usually shot from a cross-bow at birds. -Much Ado, i. 1. 42; L. L. L. iv. 3. 25.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>birle,</span></span> to pour out liquor. Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 269; Levins -Manip. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>byrle</span> (Cath. Angl.); OE. <span class='it'>byrlian</span>, -to give to drink; <span class='it'>byrel</span>, a cup-bearer.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bisa, bise,</span></span> a north wind. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1339); p. 134, -col. 2. F. <span class='it'>bise</span>, a north wind (Cotgr.). O. Prov. <span class='it'>biza</span>, ‘bise, nord’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bisogno'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bisogno, bisognio,</span></span> a needy fellow, a term of contempt. Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Alguazier); Chapman, Widow’s Tears, i. (Lysander). -Ital. <span class='it'>bisogni</span>, pl. new-levied soldiers, needy men; <span class='it'>bisogno</span>, need, want. Cp. -<span class='bold'>bezonian.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bitched,</span></span> a term of opprobrium; ‘Bitched brothel’, World and Child, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bite on the bridle,</span></span> to be impatient of restraint. Gascoigne, i. 449, -l. 25.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bitter, bittour,</span></span> a bittern. <span class='it'>Bitter</span>, Middleton, Triumph of Love, ed. -Dyce, v. 289; <span class='it'>bittour</span>, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 89; Dryden, Wife of -Bath’s Tale, 194; Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. <span class='it'>bitore</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 972); -OF. <span class='it'>butor</span>, a bittern (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bizzle,</span></span> to become drunk, to drink to excess. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. II, iii. 1 (Matheo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bezzle'>bezzle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>black is your eye</span>. To say ‘black is your eye’, to find fault -with one, to lay something to his charge. ‘I can say, <span class='it'>black’s your eye</span>, though -it be grey’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier); ‘black’s mine -eye’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, i. 2 (Blurt).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black guard,</span></span> orig. a jocular name given to the lower menials of a -noble house, esp. those who had charge of kitchen utensils, and carried -them about when required; ‘A lousy slave, that within this twenty years -rode with the black guard in the duke’s carriage [i.e. among his baggage], -’mongst spits and dripping-pans’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce, p. 8; -Fletcher, Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black jack,</span></span> a leathern jug for beer, tarred outside. Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Savil); Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (Gasparo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black-mack,</span></span> a blackbird; ‘A leane birde of the kind of <span class='it'>blacke-mackes</span>’, -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 34; ‘<span class='it'>Merula</span>, a birde called a black-mack, -an owzell, a mearle, or black-bird’, Florio.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black ox;</span></span> ‘The Black Ox has trod on his foot, he has fallen on misfortune -or sorrow’, Lyly, Sapho and Phao, iv. 1; Heywood, Eng. Prov. (ed. -Farmer, 112). See Nares, and EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>black-pot,</span></span> a beer-mug; hence, a toper. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2 -(scene 5, W.), at the end; p. 160, col. 2 (D.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blacks,</span></span> mourning clothes. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Francisco); -Maid in a Mill, iv. 2 (Bustopha); Bacon, Essay 2; Massinger, Fatal Dowry, -ii. 1 (Charalois); Herrick, Hesperides, 379. In prov. use; see EDD. (s.v. -Black, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Black Sanctus,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Black Saunce;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sanctus'>Sanctus</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blanch,</span></span> to give a fair appearance to by artifice or suppression of the -truth. Bacon, Essays 20 and 26; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 222; Od. xi. -492; Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 37).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='blanch2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blanch</span></span> (a hunting term), to ‘head back’ the deer in his flight. Lyly, -Gallathea, ii. 1. 231. Hence <span class='it'>blancher</span>, a person or thing placed to turn the -deer from a particular direction; Sydney, Arcadia, 64; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a hinderer, -Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 33 and 36). <span class='it'>Blanch</span> still used by huntsmen -in Somerset and Devon in this sense (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#blencher'>blencher</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blank,</span></span> the white spot in the centre of a target; now, bull’s eye. Hamlet, -iv. 1. 42; <span class='it'>at twelve-score blank</span>, at a range of twelve score yards, Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Sophocles).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blank,</span></span> a blank bond, to be filled up at pleasure. Beaumont and Fl., -i. 1 (Arbaces). Also, a small French coin, orig. of silver, but afterwards -of copper, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blank,</span></span> to render pale, to blanch. Hamlet, iii. 2. 232; to dismay, -Milton, Samson Ag. 471; <span class='it'>blanck</span>, disappointed, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blatant, blattant,</span></span> bellowing. Spenser, F. Q. v. xii. 37, 41; Dryden, -Hind and Panther, ii. 230. ‘Blate’, to bellow, is in prov. use -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blaze,</span></span> a white mark on an animal’s forehead; (on a black bull), -Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. Still in prov. use, esp. Yorksh. and Lincolnsh., see -EDD. (s.v. Blaze, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blazing star,</span></span> a comet. All’s Well, i. 3. 91; Middleton, Roaring Girl, -i. 1 (Sir Alex.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bleaking-house,</span></span> bleaching-house. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, -iv. 2 (Savourwit). ME. <span class='it'>blekyn</span>, blechen clothe (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blear,</span></span> dim, indistinct, in outline. Milton, Comus, 155.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blear:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to blear the eyes</span>, to deceive, throw dust in the eyes. Tam. -Shrew, v. 1. 120; ‘He is nat in Englande that can bleare his eye better -than I can’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bleat</span></span> (meaning obscure); ‘How the judges have bleated him!’, Webster, -Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Julia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bleater,</span></span> a sheep. (Cant.) Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blee,</span></span> colour, complexion, hue. Morte Arthur, leaf 88, back, 32; bk. v. -c. 10; Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 100). Occurs in ballad poetry in the -north (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>blee</span> (York Plays, xxviii. 259), OE. <span class='it'>blēo</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blemish,</span></span> ‘When they [the huntsmen] find where a deare hath passed -and breake or plashe any boughe downewardes for a marke, then we say, -they blemish or make blemishes’, Turbervile, Hunting, 244.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blemishes,</span></span> ‘The markes which are left to knowe where a deare hath -gone in or out’, Turbervile, Hunting, 114.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blench,</span></span> a side glance, glimpse; ‘These blenches gave my heart another -youth’, Sh. Sonn. cx. A Warwickshire word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blench,</span></span> to start aside, to flinch, shrink. Fletcher, False One, iv. 4. -ME. <span class='it'>blenchen</span> (Anc. Riwle, 242).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='blencher'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blencher,</span></span> a person stationed to ‘head hack’ the deer, to prevent him -from going in a particular direction. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 1 -(Sanchio); spelt <span class='it'>bleinchers</span>, pl., scarecrows, things put up to frighten -animals away, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 70, 192; ‘which some call <span class='it'>shailes</span>, -some <span class='it'>blenchars</span>, . . to feare away birdes’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 23, -§ 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#blanch2'>blanch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='blend1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blend,</span></span> to blind, to dazzle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 35; <span class='it'>blent</span>, pp., F. Q. ii. -4. 7; rendered obscure, Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 521; <span class='it'>yblent</span>, F. Q. -ii. 7. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blend,</span></span> to mix, confuse, render turbid, disturb, pollute. Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 7. 10; <span class='it'>blent</span>, pp. defiled, F. Q. ii. 12. 7.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blenge,</span></span> to blend, mix. Tusser, Husbandry, § 100. 3. A ‘portmanteau’ -word; combination of <span class='it'>blend</span> and <span class='it'>menge</span>, to mingle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blenkard,</span></span> one who blinks, or has imperfect sight or intelligence. -Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 610. A north-country pronunc. of <span class='it'>blinkard</span> -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blent;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#blend1'>blend</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bless,</span></span> to wound, hurt; ‘When he did levell to shoote, he blessed -himselfe with his peece’, Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 237. F. <span class='it'>blesser</span>, -to wound (Cotgr.), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>blecer</span> (Ch. Rol.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bless,</span></span> to preserve, save. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 18; iv. 6. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bless,</span></span> to brandish (a sword), to wave about. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 6; i. -8. 22; vi. 8. 13; to brandish round an object with a weapon, ‘His armed -head with his sharpe blade he blest’, Fairfax, Tasso, ix. 67.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blewe point,</span></span> a blue point, or blue-tagged lace; ‘Not worth a blewe -point’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 9. See <span class='bold'><a href='#point1'>point</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blin, blinn,</span></span> to cease, leave off. Turbervile, Poems, in Chalmers’s Eng. -Poets, II, 589; to cause to cease, to put a stop to, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 22. -Very common in northern ballad poetry (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>blinnen</span>, to cease -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1171); to cause to cease, Towneley Myst. 133. OE. -<span class='it'>blinnan</span>, to cease. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lin2'>lin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blince,</span></span> (perhaps) to flinch, give way, to ‘blench’; ‘The which will -not <span class='it'>blince</span>’ riming with <span class='it'>prince</span>, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -iv. 148.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blindfeld,</span></span> blindfolded. Spelt <span class='it'>blyndefeld</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 69, back; -bk. iv. c. 15; <span class='it'>blyndfielde</span>, R. Eden, First Three Books on America, ed. -Arber, p. 347, l. 7 from bottom. ‘I blyndefelde one’, Palsgrave. See Dict. -(s.v. Blindfold).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blinkard,</span></span> ‘He that hath such eies that the liddes cover a great -parte of the apple’, Baret (1580); ‘a blinkard, <span class='it'>caeculus</span>, <span class='it'>paetus</span>, <span class='it'>strabus</span>’, -Coles (1679). Still in use in Northumberland and Lancashire (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blive,</span></span> quickly, soon, immediately. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 18; Surrey, -tr. of Aeneid ii. l. 294. See <span class='bold'><a href='#belive'>belive</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blo, bloo,</span></span> livid, esp. used of the colour caused by a bruise. <span class='it'>Bloo</span> and -wan, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 141, l. 5; id. Magnyfycence, 2080. A Yorkshire -word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>blo</span>(<span class='it'>o</span>, ‘lividus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. -195). Icel. <span class='it'>blā</span>, livid.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bloat, blote,</span></span> to smoke-dry (herrings); ‘<span class='it'>Fumer</span>, to bloat, besmoake, -hang or drie in the smoake’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Island Princess, ii. 5 -(1 Citizen). Hence, <span class='it'>bloat-herring</span>, a smoked herring, B. Jonson, Masque -of Augurs (Groom); Pepys, Diary (Oct. 5, 1661). A Suffolk word -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>block,</span></span> a mould for a hat; a fashion of hat. Beaumont and Fl., Wit -at Several Weapons, iv. 1 (Cunningham); Much Ado, i. 1. 77.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blonk,</span></span> fair, blond; said of hair. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270. 13. -See NED. (s.v. Blank).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blore,</span></span> a blast of wind. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 122; ix. 5; xiv. 330. -ME. <span class='it'>blore</span> (York Plays, xxvi. 188).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blot in the tables,</span></span> an exposed piece or ‘man’ in the game of backgammon, -liable to be taken; hence, a weak point. Middleton, Family of -Love, v. 3 (Gerardine); Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -vii. 276. See Dict. (s.v. Blot (2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blother,</span></span> to gabble nonsense; to babble. Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1049; Colyn Cloute, 779. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Blather, -vb.<sup>1</sup>). Icel. <span class='it'>blaðra</span>, to talk indistinctly, to talk nonsense.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blow-boll,</span></span> one who ‘blows in a bowl’, an habitual tippler. Skelton, -ed. Dyce, i. 23; l. 25.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blowen,</span></span> a wench, a trull. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Shamwell). [Cp. <span class='it'>blowing</span>, in Byron’s Don Juan, xi. 19.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blow-point,</span></span> a game ‘played by blowing an arrow through a trunk at -certain numbers by way of lottery’, Strutt (quoted in NED.). Sidney, -Arcadia, ii. 224; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 2 (Anamnestes); Marmion, The -Antiquary, i. 1 (Leonardo). See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 531.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blue,</span></span> the usual colour of the dress of servants, or of beadles. <span class='it'>Blue-coat</span>, -Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). <span class='it'>The blue order</span>, i.e. of servants, -B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Onion). Women condemned to Bridewell -wore <span class='it'>blue gowns</span>, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Luke); Dekker, Honest -Wh., Pt. II. v. 1 (Lodovico).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blue-bottle rogue,</span></span> a term applied to a beadle, with reference to his -blue uniform. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 22.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blunket, blonket,</span></span> grey, greyish blue. ‘Bloncket liveries’, glossed -by ‘gray coats’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blurt,</span></span> an exclamation of contempt, pish!, pooh!; ‘Blurt, Master -Constable’, the title of a play by Middleton, Dekker, Honest Wh., i. 5 -(Fluello); to treat contemptuously, Fletcher, Wild-goose Chase, ii. 2 (last -speech).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>blushet</span></span> (only used by B. Jonson), a little blusher, a modest girl, -Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy senior); The Penates (Pan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='board1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>board, bord,</span></span> to accost, address. Hamlet, ii. 2. 171; Merry Wives, ii. -1. 92; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 5; <span class='it'>boorded</span>, addressed, id. ii. 4. 24. F. <span class='it'>aborder</span>, -to approach, accost (Cotgr.) A metaph. expression from boarding -a ship; see Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>board, bord,</span></span> a shilling. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll); -<span class='it'>a bord</span>, a shylling; Harman, Caveat, p. 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bob,</span></span> a blow that does not break the skin, a rap; ‘Pinches, nippes and -bobbes’, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 47); a taunt, a bitter jibe, As -You Like It, ii. 7. 55; Wycherley, Dancing-master, i. 2 (Monsieur); ‘<span class='it'>Ruade -seiche</span>, a drie bob, jeast or nip’, Cotgrave. ‘Bob’, in the sense of a slight -blow, is in prov. use in the Midlands and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. -Bob, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bob,</span></span> to fish (for eels) with a <span class='it'>bob</span>, or grub for bait. Fletcher, Rule a Wife, -ii. 4. 9. In use in the Norfolk Broads, see NED. (s.v. Bob, vb.<sup>4</sup>), and EDD. -(s.v. Bob, vb.<sup>6</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bob,</span></span> to deceive, cheat. Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 75; ‘<span class='it'>Avoir le moine</span>, to be -gleekt, bobbed’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Span. Curate, v. 2 (Bartolus); Little -French Lawyer, ii. 1. 24. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bob, vb.<sup>5</sup>). OF. <span class='it'>bober</span>.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bobber,</span> a cheat, deceiver. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 12.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bobance, bobaunce,</span></span> arrogance, vanity. Morte Arthur, leaf 262. 12; -bk. x, c. 63; id. lf. 376. 25; bk. xviii, c. 15. F. <span class='it'>bobance</span>, ‘excessive spending; -insolency, surquedrie, proud or presumptuous boasting’ (Cotgr.). -O. Prov. <span class='it'>bobansa</span>, ‘faste, ostentation’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bob-fool:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to play bob-fool</span>, to flout, make sport. Greene, Alphonsus, -iv (Amurack).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Bocardo,</span></span> the name of the prison above the old North Gate of the city -of Oxford, where Cranmer was confined, Strype, Archbp. Cranmer, iii. 11. -341; Oxford Records, 414; a prison, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (ed. -Furnivall, 126); Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Club). ‘Bocardo’ is a -mnemonic word used in Logic.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bodge,</span></span> an odd measure of corn. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). In -Kent the word <span class='it'>bodge</span> means an odd measure of corn, left over after the bulk -has been measured into quarters and sacks; <span class='it'>bodge</span> also means in Kent a -flat oblong basket used for carrying produce of garden or field, see EDD. -(s.v. Bodge, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bodkin,</span></span> a dagger. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, ii. 3 -(Duarte); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 2 (Aphobus); cp. Hamlet, -iii. 1. 76.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bodkin;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#baudkin'>baudkin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bodrag'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bodrag,</span></span> a hostile incursion, a raid. ‘Nightly <span class='it'>bodrags</span>’, Spenser, Colin -Clout, 315. Hence <span class='it'>bodraging</span>, misspelt <span class='it'>bordraging</span>, the same; F. Q. ii. 10. 63. -Irish <span class='it'>buaidhreadh</span>, molestation, disturbance; <span class='it'>buaidhr-im</span>, I vex, bother, -trouble (Dinneen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bog,</span></span> proud, saucy, bold. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 37. st. -109; Rogers, Naaman, 18. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>boggisshe</span>, ‘tumidus’ (Prompt. EETS., -see note no. 161).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boggard,</span></span> a privy, <span class='it'>latrina</span>. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iv. 6 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boistous, busteous, bousteous,</span></span> rough, rustic, coarse, violent, -vigorous. <span class='it'>Bousteous</span> tree, vigorous tree; Turbervile, Time Conquereth all -Things, st. 7. <span class='it'>Boystous</span>, rude, coarse, A. Borde, Introd. of Knowledge, bk. i, -c. 14; p. 160. ME. <span class='it'>boystows</span>, ‘rudis’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 166). -See Dict. (s.v. Boisterous).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boll,</span></span> a rounded seed-vessel or pod, as that of flax or cotton. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 146. 50. Hence <span class='it'>bolled</span>, having ‘bolls’, pods; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ex. ix. -31 (AV.). ‘Boll’, in the sense of the seed-vessel of flax, is in prov. use -in Scotland and Ireland, also in Lincolnshire, see EDD. (s.v. Boll, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boll,</span></span> to quaff the bowl, to booze; ‘They might syt bebbinge and bollynge’, -Coverdale, Micah, ii. 11. Hence <span class='it'>boller</span>, one who lingers at the bowl, -a drunkard, Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 81.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bollen'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bollen,</span></span> swollen. Lucrece, 1417 (in old edd. <span class='it'>boln</span>); <span class='it'>bolne</span>, Hawes, Past -Pleas., p. 135; Surrey, tr. Aeneid ii, 616; <span class='it'>bowlne</span>, id. ii. 348. Cp. the E. -Anglian <span class='it'>bown</span>, swollen (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>bollen</span>, swollen (Cursor M. 12685). -Icel. <span class='it'>bólgna</span>; Dan. <span class='it'>bolne</span>, to swell. See NED. (s.v. Bell, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bolt,</span></span> an arrow for a cross-bow, with a blunt or square head, also <span class='it'>gen.</span> -an arrow; ‘The bolt of Cupid’, Mids. Night’s D., ii. 1. 165; ‘A fool’s bolt -is soon shot’, Hen. V, iii. 7. 132; Heywood, Eng. Prov. (ed. Farmer, 145); -‘I’ll make a shaft or a bolt on’t’, Merry Wives, iii. 4. 24 (i.e. I’ll take the -risk, whatever may come of it).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bolt’s-head,</span> a kind of retort used by alchemists. B. Jonson, Alchemist, -ii. 1 (Mammon); named from its long cylindrical neck.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bolt,</span></span> a roll of a woven stuff. B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boltered,</span></span> clotted, coagulated. ‘Blood-boltered’, having the hair clotted -with blood, Macbeth, iv. 1. 123. A Warwickshire word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bolting-hutch,</span></span> a trough into which meal is sifted. Middleton, Mayor -of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon). A Lincolnshire word, see EDD. (s.v. -Bolting, 2 (3)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bombard,</span></span> ‘a great gun or piece of ordnance’ (Bullokar). Caxton, -Reynard (ed. Arber, 58). F. <span class='it'>bombarde</span>, a bumbard, or murthering-piece -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bombard,</span></span> a large leathern vessel to carry liquors. Tempest, ii. 2. 21; -Hen. VIII, v. 4. 85. Hence <span class='it'>bombard-man</span>, one who provides liquor. B. -Jonson, Masque of Love Restored (Robin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bombast,</span></span> cotton wadding. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 359; Beaumont and Fl., -Little French Lawyer, ii. 2. 8. OF. <span class='it'>bombace</span>, cotton (Godefroy). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bonair</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> gentle, courteous. Holland, Livy, iv. 2. 446; <span class='it'>bonerly</span>, in -debonnaire fashion, World and Child, l. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. -F. <span class='it'>bonnaire</span> and <span class='it'>bonnairement</span> (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bona roba,</span></span> a handsome wench, a wanton. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 26. Ital. -<span class='it'>buonaroba</span>, ‘as we say, good stuffe, a good wholesome plum-cheeked wench’ -(Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bone;</span></span> ‘Look not upon me as I am a woman, But as a bone, thy wife, -thy friend’, Otway, Venice Preserved, ii. 2 (Belvidera). Meaning doubtful.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bones:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to make bones</span>, to make scruples about, find difficulty in; -‘Who make no bones of the Lord’s promises, but devoure them all’, -Rogers, Naaman, 579; ‘He made no manier bones . . . but went in hande -to offer up his only son Isaac’, Udall, Erasm. Par., Luke i. 28. Formerly -also, <span class='it'>to find bones in</span> (Paston Letters, 331), referring to the occurrence of -bones in soup, &c., as an obstacle to its being easily swallowed, see NED. -(s.v. Bone, 8).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bones,</span></span> dice. A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Stephen). A common expression.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bonfacion,</span></span> of good fashion, fashionable. Three Ladies of London; in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 251, 311.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bongrace,</span></span> a shade worn on the front of a woman’s bonnet as a protection -from the sun. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). F. ‘<span class='it'>bonnegrace</span>, -the uppermost flap of the downhanging taile of a French hood; -whence belike our Boongrace’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bonnibell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bonnibell,</span></span> a fair lass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., August, 62; B. Jonson, -The Satyr, l. 21. From F. <span class='it'>bonne et belle</span>, good and fair girl. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bellibone'>bellibone</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bonny-clabber,</span></span> sour buttermilk. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); -Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2. 8. ‘Bonny-clabber’ in Ireland means thick -milk. Irish <span class='it'>bainne</span> [pronounc. <span class='it'>bonny</span>], milk, and <span class='it'>clabair</span>, anything thick or -half-liquid. In use in the United States wherever Irishmen forgather. -See Joyce, English in Ireland, 219.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bookholder,</span></span> a prompter in a theatre. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induct.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>books:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to be in a person’s books</span>; ‘I see, lady, the gentleman is not -in your books’, Much Ado, i. 1. 179 (the probable meaning is, he is not in -favour, not in the lady’s ‘book of memory’, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 101).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boon,</span></span> good; esp. in French phrases. ‘On a boon voyage’, Conflict of -Conscience; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 63. ‘Nature boon’, Milton, P. L. -iv. 242; cp. ix. 793.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boord, bord;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#board1'>board</a>,</span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#bourd1'>bourd</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boot-carouse,</span></span> a carousing out of a bombard or black-jack, which was -likened to a boot. Marston, Sat., ii. 154.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boot-hale,</span></span> to carry off booty. Heywood, Sallust, 33. Hence, <span class='it'>boot-haler</span>, -a freebooter, highwayman, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (J. Dapper); -Holland, Livy, xxii. 41. 458; <span class='it'>boot-haling</span>, the carrying away of booty, Florio, -Montaigne, ii. 31; Fletcher, The Chances, i. 4 (Frederic); Maid in the Mill, -ii. 2 (Antonio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>booty:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to play booty</span>, to play so as to lose, in order to draw the -opponent on, and get some ‘booty’ in the end’, Dryden, Pref. to Don -Sebastian, § 7; Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 2 (Frankford). Also, <span class='it'>to -bowl booty</span>, to play at bowls so as to lose at first, Webster, White Devil -(Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>borachio,</span></span> a large leather bottle or bag used in Spain (<span class='it'>borracha</span>). B. -Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer); Greene, Looking Glasse (Works, ed. -1861, 133); <span class='it'>fig.</span> a drunkard, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1. 7. Span. <span class='it'>borracho</span>, -a drunkard.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bord,</span></span> rim, circumference. ‘He plants a brazen piece of mighty bord’, -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 (Host). The reference is to -a barber’s basin. F. <span class='it'>bord</span>, edge, border.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bordello'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bordello,</span></span> a brothel. B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 1 (Knowell). Ital. -‘<span class='it'>bordello</span>, a bawdy-house’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bordon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bordon,</span></span> a staff. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 132, back, 24. ME. <span class='it'>bordun</span>, -a pilgrim’s staff (P. Plowman, A. vi. 8). F. <span class='it'>bourdon</span> (Cotgr.). O. Prov. -<span class='it'>bordon</span>, bâton de pèlerin.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bordraging;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#bodrag'>bodrag</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bore,</span></span> to trick, cheat, overreach. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 128; Life T. Cromwell, -ii. 2. 103 (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boree, bouree,</span></span> a rustic dance, orig. of Auvergne. Etheridge, Man of -Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). F. <span class='it'>bourrée</span> -(Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>borrel,</span></span> unlearned, rude, rough, rustic. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 95; -Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 28. ME. <span class='it'>borel</span>, in Chaucer: coarse woollen -clothes, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 356; <span class='it'>borel men</span>, laymen, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 3145.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>borrow, borow,</span></span> a pledge, surety. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 131, -150; ‘Dear Pan bought with dear borrow’, id. Sept., 96. ME. <span class='it'>borwe</span>, -a surety (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2998). OE. <span class='it'>borh</span> (<span class='it'>borge</span>) a pledge, surety.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>borrow,</span></span> to give security for, to assure, warrant. Greene, Isabel’s -Ode, 33; ed. Dyce, p. 296.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bosky'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bosky,</span></span> full of thickets. Peele, Chron. Edw. I (ed. 1874, p. 407); -Tempest, iv. 1. 81; Milton, Comus, 312. A Cheshire and Yorkshire -word, from <span class='it'>bosk</span>, an underwood thicket (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>boske</span>, a bush.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boss,</span></span> a fat woman, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Zenocrate); ‘A fat -boss, <span class='it'>femme bien grasse et grosse, une Coche</span>’, Sherwood. A Lancashire word -for a fat lazy woman, see EDD. (s.v. Boss, sb.<sup>1</sup> 6).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bosse,</span></span> supposed to mean a water-conduit; esp. used of <span class='it'>the Bosse of -Billingsgate</span>, W. de Worde, Treatyse of a Galaunt (see Title of the Play); -B. Jonson, Time Vindicated (Eyes); ‘<span class='it'>Bosse Alley</span>, so called of a Bosse of -Spring-water continually running, which standeth by Billingsgate against -this alley’, Stow, Survey (ed. 1842, p. 79). See NED. (s.v. Boss, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>botcher,</span></span> a mender of old clothes; or (disrespectfully) a tailor. All’s -Well, iv. 3. 211; Cor. ii. 1. 93; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bottom of packthread,</span></span> a ball of string. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv, -4 (Brainworm); Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 138. Properly the clew or nucleus -on which the ball was wound. [‘I wish I could wind up my bottom -handsomely’, Sir W. Scott, Diary, March 17, 1826.] See EDD. (s.v. -Bottom, 8). ME. <span class='it'>botme</span> of threde (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bouche'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouche:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>bouche in court</span>, an allowance of victual granted by -a king or noble to his household; ‘A good allowance of dyet, a bouche in -court, as we use to call it’, Puttenham, English Poesie, bk. i, c. 27 (ed. -Arber, 70). F. <span class='it'>avoir bouche à Court</span>, ‘to eat and drinke scotfree, to have -budge-a-Court, to be in ordinarie at Court’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bouge3'>bouge</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouffage,</span></span> a satisfying meal. ‘No bouffage, but a light bit’, Sir T. -Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 9. F. <span class='it'>bouffage</span>, ‘any meat that (eaten -greedily) fills the mouth and makes the cheeks to swell; cheek-puffing -meat’ (Cotgr.). F. <span class='it'>bouffer</span>, to swell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouge,</span></span> to flinch. Julius Caesar, iv. 3. 44; <span class='it'>boudge</span>, Beaumont and Fl., -Humorous Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius). See Dict. (s.v. Budge (1)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouge,</span></span> to ‘bilge’, to stave in a ship’s side; intr., to suffer fracture, as -a ship. ‘My barke was <span class='it'>boug’d</span>’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 44. ‘Least -thereupon Our shippe should <span class='it'>bowge</span>’, Gascoigne, Voyage into Holland, -ed. Hazlitt, i. 390. See NED. See Dict. (s.v. Bilge).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bouge3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouge,</span></span> provisions; ‘A bombard man, that brought bouge for a country -lady’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>bouge of court,</span> court-rations; ‘The Bowge of Courte’ (the title of -a poem written by Skelton); ‘Every of them to have lyke bouge of courte’, -State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 623 (NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bouche'>bouche</a>.</span></p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouget,</span></span> a budget, wallet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 29; a water-vessel of -skin, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt, iv. 72. F. <span class='it'>bougette</span> (Cotgr.); dimin. -of OF. <span class='it'>bouge</span>, a water-skin; cp. ME. <span class='it'>bowge</span>, ‘I am maad as a bowge in frost’ -(Wyclif, Ps. cxix. 83). See Dict. (s.v. Budget).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bough-pot,</span></span> a flower-pot, a vase for boughs or cut flowers. Chapman, -Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Rhoderique). A Lincolnsh. and Northamptonsh. -word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bought'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bought,</span></span> a twist, a knot. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 2. 13; used of the -coil of a serpent, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 255. ‘Bought’ is in prov. use -in the north country for a curve or bend; the curve of the elbow or knee. -See EDD. (s.v. Bought, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bounty,</span></span> goodness in general, worth, virtue; ‘He is only the true and -essential Bounty’, Drummond of Hawthornden, Cypress Grove (Wks. ed. -1711, p. 127); <span class='it'>bountie</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 4; ‘A lovely lasse, Whose -beauty doth her bounty far surpasse’, F. Q. iii. 9. 4; ‘Large was his -bounty and his soul sincere’, Gray, Elegy, 121 (The Epitaph). ME. -bountee, goodness (Chaucer. An A.B.C., 9). F. <span class='it'>bonté</span> ‘goodness, honesty, -sincerity, vertue, uprightness’ (Cotgr.); L. <span class='it'>bonitas</span>, goodness (Vulgate).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bourd1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bourd, bord,</span></span> a jest. Drayton, Eclogue, vii. 208; <span class='it'>bord</span>, Spenser, F. Q. -iii. 3. 19; iv. 4. 13. F. <span class='it'>bourde</span>, ‘a jeast, fib, tale of a tub’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bourd,</span></span> to jest. Ford, ’Tis pity, ii. 4 (Peggio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bourd,</span></span> to accost. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid iv, l. 899. See <span class='bold'><a href='#board1'>board</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bourdel,</span></span> a brothel. Farquhar, Constant Couple, ii. 2. 4. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bordello'>bordello</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bout, bowt,</span></span> a coil; a circuit, orbit. Sir T. Wyatt, Song of Iopas, 45; -in Tottel’s Misc., p. 94. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bought'>bought</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boute-feu,</span></span> a fire-brand, incendiary. Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, -p. 66, l. 13; Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 786. F. <span class='it'>boute-feu</span>, ‘a boute-feu, a wilful -or voluntary firer of houses; also, a fire-brand of sedition, a kindler of -strife and contention’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bout-hammer,</span></span> a heavy two-handed hammer. Beaumont and Fl., -Faithful Friends, v. 4 (Pergamus). For <span class='it'>about-hammer</span>, the largest hammer -employed by blacksmiths; it is slung round (or <span class='it'>about</span>) near the extremity -of the handle. An East Anglian word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bouzing-ken'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bouzing-ken,</span></span> drinking-house, ale-house. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See Harman, -Caveat, p. 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bovoli,</span></span> snails, cockles; considered as delicacies. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). Ital. <span class='it'>bovolo</span> (pl. <span class='it'>bovoli</span>), ‘a snayle, a cockle, periwinkle’ -(Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowd,</span></span> a weevil, malt-worm. Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 39; ‘A boude, -<span class='it'>vermis frumentarius</span>’, Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. <span class='it'>bowde</span>, malte-worme (Prompt.). -An East Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Boud).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bow-dye,</span></span> a scarlet dye; name from <span class='it'>Bow</span>, near Stratford, Essex, where -the dyers mostly lived, in the 17th cent. Hence, as attrib., ‘My bowdy -stockings’, Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Prue).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowerly,</span></span> comely, portly, ‘burly’. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 8. -In common use in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). See Notes on -Eng. Etym. (s.v. Burly).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bow-hand,</span></span> the hand that holds the bow, the left hand. In phr. -<span class='it'>wide o’ th’ bow-hand</span>, wide of the mark (towards the left); L. L. L. iv. 1. 135; -<span class='it'>much o’ th’ bow-hand</span>, Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iv. 2 (end); Coxcomb, -i. 3. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowlne,</span></span> swollen. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 348. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bollen'>bollen</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowne,</span></span> a bound, limit. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v. ch. 23. -st. 45. In the same, st. 1 ‘the former bowne’ seems to mean ‘the preceding -chapter’. Norm. Fr. <span class='it'>bowne</span> (<span class='it'>bodne</span>), ‘limite’ (Moisy). Cp. Med. Lat. -<span class='it'>bonna</span>, <span class='it'>bodina</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowne,</span></span> a boon, a favour in answer to a request. Mirror for Mag., -Cobham, st. 45; Adam Bel, 509, in Hazlitt’s Pop. Poetry, ii. 160. Icel. <span class='it'>bōn</span>, -a prayer.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bowrs, bowers,</span></span> muscles that bend the joints, strong muscles. -Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 12. Lit. <span class='it'>bow-er</span>, i.e. that which bows or bends; -see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>box-keeper,</span></span> the keeper of the dice and box at a gaming-table; ‘Gettall, -<span class='it'>a box-keeper</span>’, Massinger, City Madam (Dramatis Personae).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>boyn,</span></span> to swell. ‘Her heeles behind <span class='it'>boynd</span> out’, Golding, Metam. -viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603). Cp. <span class='it'>boine</span>, <span class='it'>bunny</span>, Essex words for a swelling -caused by a blow (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>buyne</span> (now <span class='it'>bigne</span>); see Hatzfeld.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brabble,</span></span> to wrangle, quarrel, Coles, Dict. (1679); <span class='it'>brabble</span>, a quarrel, -brawl, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 69; Titus And. ii. 1. 62; hence, <span class='it'>brabbler</span>, a -quarreller, King John, v. 2. 162; <span class='it'>brabbling</span>, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -i. 1 (Colonel); ‘Noe more brabbling with him’ (your old Glasier), -Dorothy Wadham, Letter (1614), in T. G. Jackson’s Wadham College -(1893, p. 161). Du. ‘<span class='it'>brabbelen</span>, to brawle or to brabble’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brace,</span></span> to gird, encompass. ‘Bigge Bulles of Basan brace hem about’, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 124. OF. <span class='it'>bracier</span>, to embrace, deriv. of <span class='it'>brace</span>, -the two arms (Ch. Rol., 1343).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bracer, braser,</span></span> a protection for the arm in archery. Ascham, Toxophilus, -pp. 108, 109.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brach,</span></span> a bitch-hound. Properly a kind of hunting-dog; but it came -to be used with reference to a bitch in general. Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (Belgarde); -King Lear, i. 4. 125. OF. <span class='it'>brac</span>, hunting-dog (Didot). OHG. <span class='it'>bracco</span> -(Schade).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brachet,</span></span> a small hunting-dog. Morte Arthur, leaf 52, back, 22; -bk. iii, c. 5. F. ‘<span class='it'>brachet</span>, a kind of little hound’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brachygraphy,</span></span> shorthand, stenography. B. Jonson, Paris Anniversary -(Fencer); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Sanitonella). Gk. -βραχυγραφία.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brack,</span></span> salt water. Only in Drayton, Pol. xxv. 50; Agincourt, 185 -(NED.). Du. <span class='it'>brak</span>, briny, brackish.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brack,</span></span> a breach, fracture, Oxford City Records, 387; ‘<span class='it'>Breche</span>, a -brack or breach in a wall’, Cotgrave; a flaw, fault, ‘A brack, <span class='it'>vitium</span>’, -Coles, Dict. (1679); Digby, On the Soul, Dedic. (Johnson); a flaw in -cloth, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 33); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xvii. -249; a rupture, a quarrel, Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, v. 1 (Byron).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brag,</span></span> brisk, lively. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 11; ‘the bragge -lambs’, G. Fletcher, Christ’s Victory, i (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braid,</span></span> a sudden or brisk movement. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Marcella). -ME. <span class='it'>brayd</span>: ‘She (Dido) walketh, walweth, maketh many a brayd’ -(Chaucer, Leg. G. W., 1166); OE. <span class='it'>bregdan</span>, to move suddenly to and fro.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braid,</span></span> a sudden outburst of passion, anger. Warner, Alb. England, -bk. vii, ch. 37, st. 105; a sudden assault, Golding, Metam., xiii. 240; an -adroit turn, trick, deception, Greene, Radagon in Dianam, 62 (ed. Dyce, -302); (?) deceitful, All’s Well, iv. 2. 73.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braided;</span></span> <span class='it'>braided ware</span>, goods that have changed colour, tarnished, faded. -Marston, Scourge Villainie, Sat. v. 73 (cp. Bailey’s Dict., 1721; see NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brail,</span></span> in hawking, to confine a hawk’s wings by means of a <span class='it'>brail</span>, or -soft leather girdle; ‘They <span class='it'>brail</span> and hud us’ [confine and hood us], Tomkis, -Albumazar, ii. 9 (Flavia). OF. <span class='it'>brail</span>, <span class='it'>braiel</span>, a girdle. Med. L. <span class='it'>bracale</span>, -deriv. of <span class='it'>bracae</span>, breeches (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brake,</span></span> a powerful bit for horses. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2 -(Cent.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brake,</span></span> to set one’s face in a brake, to assume an immovable expression -of countenance. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Bussy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brame,</span></span> longing, desire. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 52. Ital. <span class='it'>brama</span>, earnest -desire; from <span class='it'>bramare</span>, to desire. Cp. O. Prov. ‘<span class='it'>bramar</span>, braire, désirer ardemment’ -(Levy), F. <span class='it'>bramer</span> (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>branched,</span></span> adorned with a figured pattern in embroidery, &c.; ‘Branched -velvet’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 2 (Frank).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>branded,</span></span> brindled; of mixed colour, streaked. Chapman, tr. of -Homer, Iliad, xii. 217. A common prov. word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brandenburg,</span></span> a morning gown, with long sleeves. Etheredge, Man -of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii. 1 (Olivia). From -Brandenburg, in Germany, where there were woollen manufactories.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brandle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brandle,</span></span> to shake, endanger, cause to waver. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. -Lumby, p. 155. F. <span class='it'>branler</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#brangle'>brangle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brandlet,</span></span> a bird; prob. the brand-tail or redstart. Gascoigne, Prol. -to Philomene, 31. See EDD. (s.v. Brand-tail).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brand-wine,</span></span> brandy. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (Clause). Du. -<span class='it'>brande-wijn</span>, brandy, lit. burnt (i.e. distilled) wine.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brangle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brangle,</span></span> to shake, cause to waver; hence, to render uncertain, to confuse. -Merry Devil, ii. 2. 6. F. <span class='it'>branler</span>. Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#brandle'>brandle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brank,</span></span> buck-wheat; ‘Brank, Buck, or French-wheat, a summer grain -delighting in warm land’, Worlidge; Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 20. An -E. Anglian word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bransle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bransle,</span></span> a kind of dance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 8. F. ‘<span class='it'>bransle</span>, a -brawl or dance wherein many (men and women) holding by the hands, -sometimes in a ring, and other-whiles at length, move all together’ (Cotgr.). -Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#brawl'>brawl</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brant,</span></span> steep. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘Even brant agenst Flodon -hil’, (perhaps) even on the steep side of Flodden hill; id. p. 88. In common -prov. use in the north country (EDD.). OE. (Anglian) <span class='it'>brant</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brasell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#brazil'>brazil</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brast,</span></span> to burst. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 2, § 2; Douglas, -Eneados, iv. 81; pt. t., Sir T. More, Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 74); -Bunyan, Pilg. Pr. (ed. 1678, p. 73). In common prov. use in the north -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>breste</span>(<span class='it'>n</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1008). OE. <span class='it'>berstan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brathel,</span></span> a malignant scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 60. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#brothel'>brothel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brave,</span></span> finely arrayed; showy, splendid; fine, excellent. Tam. Shrew, -Ind., i. 40; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); ‘Brave, <span class='it'>splendidus</span>’, -Levins, Manip.; As You Like It, iii. 4. 43. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brawl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brawl,</span></span> a French dance. L. L. L. iii. 9; the figure is fully described in -Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Guerrino). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bransle'>bransle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brawn-fall’n,</span></span> having arms from which the muscle has fallen away. -Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 77; Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 127.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braye,</span></span> a brae, a steep bank; ‘Agaynste a rocke or an hye braye’, -Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 159. ‘Bray’ is still in use in Yorksh. and -Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Brae). Icel. <span class='it'>brā</span>, eyebrow, see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>braye,</span></span> a military outwork, a mound or bank defended by palisades -and watch-towers. Act 4 Hen. VIII. 1. § 1 (NED.). <span class='it'>False braye</span>, an advanced -parapet surrounding the main rampart, Urquhart, Rabelais, iii. Prol. -F. <span class='it'>faulses brayes</span>, ‘issues qui doivent être bouchées, dans une place forte, -quand l’ennemi approche’, Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais, iii. Prol. Norm. F. -<span class='it'>faulses brayes</span>, ‘espèce de muraille, établie en dehors d’une forteresse -et servant de retranchement’ (Moisy). Med. L. <span class='it'>braca</span>, ‘moles, agger’ -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brazil'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brazil, brasell,</span></span> a hard wood which yields a red dye. Davenant, The -Wits, i. 1. 9; Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 133). In popular use in the -Yorksh. phrase, ‘As hard as brazzil’, see EDD. (s.v. Brazil, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Port. -and Span. <span class='it'>brasil</span>. The country in S. America is named from this wood -(NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>break:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to break one’s day</span>, to fail to make a payment on the day -appointed. Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Prud.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>break up,</span></span> to break open; to open a letter. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 13; Merch. -Ven. ii. 4. 10. Also, to carve, L. L. L. iv. 1. 56.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breast,</span></span> the source of the voice, the voice in singing. Twelfth Nt. ii. -3. 20; Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 6 (Fool); G. Herbert, The Temper, p. 47.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breathe:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to breathe a vein</span>, to open a vein by lancing it. Dryden, -Oliver Cromwell, st. 12; Georgics, iii. 700; Palamon, iii. 755.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breathely,</span></span> worthless. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 36. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>brethel</span>(<span class='it'>l</span>, -a worthless fellow (York Plays, xxvi. 179). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breck,</span></span> a breach, gap. Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 16 (p. 40). A north-country -word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>brekke</span> (Chaucer, Bk. Duch., 940).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='breme1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breme,</span></span> fierce, stormy; ‘Breme winter’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., -42; ‘<span class='it'>Froid</span>, cold, breame, chill’, Cotgrave; Drayton, Heroic. Epist., xvi. -8. ME. <span class='it'>breme</span> (Lydgate, Chron. Troy, ii. 16). Still in use in the north -country (EDD.). Cp. OE. <span class='it'>brēman</span>, to rage: <span class='it'>broeman</span> ‘fervere’, in Preface -Lind. Matthew (ed. Skeat, p. 5, l. 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='breme2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>breme.</span></span> Of reports, loudly prevalent; ‘In their talke most breeme -Was then Achilles victorie’, Golding, Met. xii. 280. OE. <span class='it'>brēme</span>, famous, -celebrated.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brended,</span></span> brindled. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Puppy). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#brinded'>brinded</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brenne,</span></span> to burn. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 45; pt. t. <span class='it'>brent</span>, id. i. 9. 10; -pp. <span class='it'>brent</span>, id. ii. 6. 49. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>brennen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. -<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2331). Icel. <span class='it'>brenna</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brere,</span></span> a briar. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 2; Sackville, Induction, st. -39. A very common prov. pronunc. (EDD.). OE. (Mercian) <span class='it'>brēr</span>, WS. -<span class='it'>brǣr</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bret,</span></span> the name of a fish like the turbot; ‘The bret, of all [fishes] the -slowest’, Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 (Hephestion). Also called a <span class='it'>birt</span> or <span class='it'>burt</span>. -See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bretch,</span></span> a breach; ‘With careless <span class='it'>bretch</span>’, Phaer. and Twyne, tr. of -Aeneid, x. 467. F. <span class='it'>brèche</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brevit,</span></span> to hunt about, search, pry, beat about, forage; ‘Breviting by -night’, Drayton, The Owl, 179. Prob. from <span class='it'>brevet</span>, in the sense of taking -by ‘brevet’ or written warrant (NED.). In gen. use in the midland -counties (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>briars:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in the briars</span>, in troubles, among thorns; ‘I ought not so -to leave Eccho <span class='it'>in</span> the bryers’, Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, v. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bribe,</span></span> a thing stolen, Barclay, Shyp of Folys, ii. 85. OF. <span class='it'>bribe</span>, a piece -of bread, F. ‘<span class='it'>bribe</span>, a peece of bread given unto a beggar’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bribe,</span></span> to take dishonestly, to purloin, to steal or rob; ‘They do deceive -the needy, bribe and pill from them’, Cranmer, Instr. of Prayer; -‘I bribe, I pyll’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>brybyn</span> (<span class='it'>briben</span>) ‘latrocinor’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bribery,</span></span> robbery with violence, extortion, Geneva Bible (Matt. xxiii. -25).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bribour,</span></span> a thief or robber, Berners, tr. of Froissart, ii. 10. 21. ME. -<span class='it'>brybowre</span> (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brickle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brickle,</span></span> fragile, easily broken; ‘Brickle vessels’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span> (AV.), Wisdom, -xv. 13; ‘brickle, <span class='it'>fragilis</span>’, Levins, Manip.; Spenser, Ruins of Time, -499; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. 8. OE. <span class='it'>brycel</span>, see NED. (s.vv. -Britchel, Brickle). See <span class='bold'><a href='#brokle'>brokle</a>, <a href='#bruckle'>bruckle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bride-house,</span></span> the house where a wedding is held. ‘A public hall for -celebrating marriages’, Nares. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 22.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bride-lace,</span></span> a piece of gold, silk, or other lace, used to bind up the -sprigs of rosemary formerly used at weddings. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3 -(Hazard).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bridling-cast,</span></span> a glass taken when the horse is bridled; a stirrup-glass, -stirrup-cup. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. Loveless).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brigand-harness'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brigand-harness,</span></span> a brigandine, a piece of armour worn by a ‘brigand’ -or foot-soldier. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 251. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#brigandine2'>brigandine</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brigandine,</span></span> a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing. -Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.); also <span class='it'>brigantine</span>, Baret, Alvearie. -F. <span class='it'>brigandin</span> (<span class='it'>brigantin</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brigandine2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brigandine,</span></span> a coat-of-mail, corslet. Milton, Samson, 1120.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>briggen-yrons,</span></span> brigand-irons, armour for the arms. Thersites, ed. -Pollard, l. 169. See <span class='bold'><a href='#brigand-harness'>brigand-harness</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brim,</span></span> fierce, esp. an epithet of the boar; ‘Never bore so brymme’, -Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 6. 5; ME. <span class='it'>brym</span> (<span class='it'>brim</span>) fierce (Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#breme1'>breme</a></span> (1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brim,</span></span> (of reports, rumours) loudly current, much spoken of. Throgmorton -(NED., s.v. Breme 4); <span class='it'>brimme</span>, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iv. -ch. 20, st. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#breme2'>breme</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brimse,</span></span> a gadfly. Gosson, School of Abuse (Arber, 64); <span class='it'>brimsees</span>, pl., -Topsell, Serpents, 769. A Kentish word, ‘You have a brims in your tail’, -see EDD. (s.v. Brims). G. <span class='it'>bremse</span>; Icel. <span class='it'>brims</span> (Fritzner). Norw. dialect -<span class='it'>brims</span> (Aasen); Swed. <span class='it'>brems</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brinch,</span></span> to pledge in drinking. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Halfpenie); -also written <span class='it'>brince</span>, to offer drink: ‘Luther first brinced to Germany the -poisoned cup’, Harding, in Jewel’s Works, IV, 335 (NED.). Cp. the -German expression, <span class='it'>Ich bring’s</span> (<span class='it'>euch</span>), i.e. I drink to you, lit. I bring it (to -you). Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>brindisi</span> (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brinded'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brinded,</span></span> brindled, streaked; ‘The brinded cat’, Macbeth, iv. 1. 1. In -prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bring:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to be with one to bring</span>: a phrase of various application, but -usually implying getting the upper hand in some way. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. -304; Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady and Welford); Peele, -Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 503); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Y. -Chartley); Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12. 22.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brist:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>full brist</span>, full burst, with sudden violence. Golding, Metam. -xi. 510; fol. 138 (1603). A northern form of OE. <span class='it'>berstan</span>, to burst (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brize,</span></span> a breeze, a gadfly. Spenser, Visions of the World’s Vanity, ii. 10; -spelt <span class='it'>bryze</span>, F. Q. vi. 1. 24. The gadfly is called <span class='it'>briz</span> in Cheshire, Shropsh., -and Gloucestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Breeze, sb.<sup>1</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>briosa</span> (<span class='it'>breosa</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brocage,</span></span> procuracy in immorality. Spenser, Introd. to Shep. Kal. -(beginning); Mother Hubbard’s Tale, 851. Also, bribery, mean practice, -Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 7. ME. <span class='it'>brocage</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3375). -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>brocage</span>, the action of an intermediary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>broche,</span></span> the ‘first head’ of a hart. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21; p. 52. -OF. <span class='it'>broche</span>. Med. L. <span class='it'>broca</span>, ‘cornu’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>broche, broach,</span></span> a spit. Morte Arthur, leaf 84. 34; bk. v, c. 5; ‘hazel -broach’, spit made of hazel-wood, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. ii. 545; -to pierce with a spit, to pierce, Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid i. 92. F. -<span class='it'>broche</span>, a spit; <span class='it'>brocher</span>, to broach, to spit (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brock,</span></span> a badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); ‘Brocke or -badger’, Huloet; applied as a term of contempt to a dirty stinking fellow, -Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 114. ME. <span class='it'>broke</span>, ‘taxus’ (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>broc</span>, cp. O. Irish -<span class='it'>brocc</span>. In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland for the animal, -and in Scotland in its transferred sense (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>broken beer,</span></span> remnants or leavings of beer in pots and glasses. -Founded on the phrases <span class='it'>broken meat</span>, <span class='it'>bread</span>, or <span class='it'>victuals</span>, meaning fragments -of meat, &c. Cartwright, The Ordinary, i. 4 (Slicer). So also <span class='it'>broken bread</span>, -The London Chanticleers, sc. 1 (Heath).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>broken music,</span></span> concerted music, music arranged for parts. As You -Like It, i. 2. 150; Hen. V, v. 2. 263; Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 52.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brokle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brokle,</span></span> brittle, frail. Sir T. Elyot, bk. iii, c. 19, § 1. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bruckle'>bruckle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bronstrops,</span></span> a prostitute. ‘A bronstrops is in English a hippocrene’, -Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Col.’s Friend); id. iv. 4 (Chough); -Webster, Cure for Cuckold, iv. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brothel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brothel,</span></span> an abandoned wretch; ‘Go hence, thou brothel’, Calisto and -Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 82; ‘bitched brothel’, World and Child, -in the same, i. 254. ME. <span class='it'>brothell</span>, a worthless fellow (Gower, C. A. vii. 2595).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brouse, brouze,</span></span> young shoots of trees, eaten by cattle. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 132. 3; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 45.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brown bill,</span></span> a weapon, a kind of halbert. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; King -Lear, iv. 6. 92.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bruckel’d,</span></span> begrimed, dirty. Herrick, The Temple, 58. In use in the -north country and in East Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Bruckle, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bruckle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bruckle,</span></span> brittle, fragile. Puttenham, E. Poesie, p. 219. In prov. use -in various parts of England, and in Scotland and Ireland (EDD.). OE. -<span class='it'>brucol</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#brokle'>brokle</a>, <a href='#brickle'>brickle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bruit,</span></span> a rumour, report. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 64; Timon, v. 1. 198; to noise -abroad, 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 114; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 68. F. <span class='it'>bruit</span>, noise, rumour.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brusle</span></span> (meaning doubtful), to crack (?). Fletcher, A Wife for a Month -ii. 6 (Camillo). Perhaps the same word as <span class='bold'><a href='#brustle'>brustle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brustle,</span></span> to parch, scorch, to crackle in cooking or burning, as in Gower, -C. A. iv. 2732. ‘He . . . brustleth as a monkes froise (pancake)’. Hence, -to make a noise like the waves of the sea, spelt <span class='it'>brussel</span>, Fletcher, Span. -Curate, iv. 7 (Lopez). In prov. use in the north, also in Kent and Sussex, -in the sense of scorching, crackling; see EDD. (s.v. Brustle, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='brustle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brustle, brusle,</span></span> to raise the feathers, like a bird. Herrick, Hesp. (ed. -1859, p. 122).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>brutel,</span></span> brittle. Spelt <span class='it'>brutyll</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 65, end; bk. iv, c. 8 -(end). ME. <span class='it'>brutel</span>, <span class='it'>brotel</span> (Chaucer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bub,</span></span> to bubble. Sackville, Induction, st. 69.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bubber,</span></span> a drinker of wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bubble,</span></span> to delude with <span class='it'>bubbles</span>, or unsubstantial schemes; to cheat. -Etheredge, Love in a Tub, ii. 3 (Wheedle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bubble,</span></span> one who can be easily ‘bubbled’; a dupe. Shadwell, Squire -of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buck,</span></span> to steep or boil (clothes) in lye; ‘Bucke these shyrtes’, Palsgrave; -Puritan Widow, i. 1. 150; the quantity of clothes washed at once, 2 Hen. VI, -iv. 2. 52; <span class='it'>buck-basket</span>, basket for dirty linen, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 2. Phr. -<span class='it'>to beat a buck</span>, to beat clothes when being washed, Massinger, Virgin Martyr, -iv. 2 (Spungius); <span class='it'>to drive a buck</span>, to wash clothes, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, -iii (end). See EDD. (s.v. Buck, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>bouken</span>, to steep in lye (P. Plowman). -OE. type *<span class='it'>būcian</span>, cp. G. <span class='it'>bäuchen</span>, to steep in lye; also Ital. <span class='it'>bucata</span>, -F. <span class='it'>buée</span>, lye, a wash of clothes.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buckall,</span></span> the point of a horn; ‘You all know the device of the horn, -where the young fellow slips in at the butt-end, and comes squeezed out -at the <span class='it'>buckall</span>’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Touchstone). Here <span class='it'>buckall</span> = <span class='it'>buckle</span>, -meaning the twisted or curled end of the horn, i.e. the smaller end. Cp. -prov. E. <span class='it'>buckle-horn</span>, a crooked or bent horn; <span class='it'>buckle-mouthed</span>, having a twisted -mouth (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bucke,</span></span> the body of a chariot; ‘The axletree was massie gold, the <span class='it'>bucke</span> -was massie golde’, Golding, Metam., ii. 107; fol. 16 (1603). In E. Anglia -‘buck’ is still in use for the body of a cart or wagon; esp. the front part, -see EDD. (s.v. Buck, sb.<sup>6</sup> 3); also pronounced <span class='it'>bouk</span> (Bouk, sb.<sup>1</sup> 5). See -NED. (s.v. Bulk, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3. c).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buckle,</span></span> to prepare oneself, esp. by buckling on armour; ‘To teach -dangers to come on by over-early buckling towards them’, Bacon, Essay 21. -<span class='it'>Buckle with</span>, to cope with, join in close fight with, 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 95; Beaumont -and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 19. Also <span class='it'>buckle</span>, to bow, give way, -2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 141; <span class='it'>buckled</span>, doubled up, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bud,</span></span> said of children; or used as a term of endearment. King John, -iii. 4. 82; ‘O my dear, dear bud’, Wycherley, Country Wife, ii. 1 (Mrs. -Pinchwife). A transferred sense of <span class='it'>bud</span> (of a flower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bud;</span></span> ‘ ’Tis strange these varlets . . . should thus boldly Bud in your -sight, unto your son’, Fletcher, Monsieur Thomas, iv. 2 (Thomas). Meaning -unknown.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>budge,</span></span> lamb’s fur. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 65. <span class='it'>Budge-bachelor</span>, -a bachelor or younger member of a company, who wore a gown -trimmed with <span class='it'>budge</span> on Lord Mayor’s day (NED.). Hence, <span class='it'>budge doctor</span>, -a consequential person, Milton, Comus, 707.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buff ne baff,</span></span> never a word; ‘Saied to hym . . . neither buff ne baff’ -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 25. Caxton, Reynard (Arber, 106). -<span class='it'>Buff nor baff</span> is a phr. in use in Leicestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Buff, sb.<sup>5</sup> 6).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buffe,</span></span> to bark gently; ‘<span class='it'>Buffe</span> and barke’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Diogenes, § 140. A Yorksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Buff, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buffin,</span></span> a coarse cloth in use for gowns of the middle classes. Massinger, -City Madam, iv. 4 (Milliscent); Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buffon</span></span> (búff-on), a buffoon. B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 3. 8. F. <span class='it'>bouffon</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bufo,</span></span> a term in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Subtle). ‘The -black tincture of the alchemists’ (Gifford). Only occurs in this passage. -L. <span class='it'>bufo</span>, lit. a toad.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bug1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bug,</span></span> an object of terror, bogey, hobgoblin. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 214; -Hamlet, v. 2. 22; Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor); ‘Thou shalt not -nede to be afrayed for eny bugges by night’, Coverdale, Ps. xc (xci), 5. -ME. <span class='it'>bugge</span>, ‘ducius’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bug words,</span></span> pompous, conceited words, Massinger, New Way to Pay, -iii. 2 (Marrall); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2 (Huntley). See EDD. -(s.v. Bug, adj. 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulch,</span></span> to stave in the bottom of a ship. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, -Aeneid i. 132. Cp. <span class='it'>bulge</span>, the ‘bilge’, bottom of a ship’s hull (NED. s.v. -Bulge, sb. 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulch,</span></span> a bull-calf; used as a term of endearment by a witch. Ford, -Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Sawyer). Still in prov. use in Scotland: -‘Sic a bonnie bulch o’ a bairn’, a Banffshire expression (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bulchin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulchin,</span></span> a bull-calf. Tusser, Husbandry, 33; Drayton, Pol. xxi. 65; -used as a term of endearment, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.); -a term of contempt, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). A -Shropsh. word for a calf; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a stout child (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bulkin'>bulkin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulcking,</span></span> a term of endearment. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, i. 671. See -NED. (s.v. Bulkin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bulk1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulk,</span></span> the belly, Lucrece, 467; the trunk, the body; spelt <span class='it'>boulke</span>. -Elyot, Castle Health (NED.); Richard III, i. 4. 40.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bulk2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulk,</span></span> a framework projecting from the front of a shop. Coriolanus, -ii. 1. 226; Othello, v. 1. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulker,</span></span> a petty thief; also, a street-walker, prostitute. (Cant.) -Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (2 Bully). One who sleeps on a ‘bulk’, -one who steals from a ‘bulk’; see <span class='bold'><a href='#bulk2'>bulk</a></span> (above).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='bulkin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulkin,</span></span> a bull-calf; ‘A young white bulkin’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, -bk. xxviii, c. 12. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bulchin'>bulchin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bull,</span></span> a jest; ‘To print his <span class='it'>jests</span>. <span class='it'>Hazard.</span> His <span class='it'>bulls</span>, you mean’, Shirley, -Gamester, iii. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bull-beggar,</span></span> an object of terror, a hobgoblin. Middleton, A Trick -to Catch, i. 4 (near the end); A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (Host); Bull-begger, -‘<span class='it'>larva</span>, <span class='it'>Terriculamentum</span>,’ Skinner (1671). Perhaps a corruption of -<span class='it'>bull-boggart</span>. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bulled,</span></span> swollen. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (George). Still in -use in Northamptonsh. and Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>bolled</span>, swollen -(NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bullions.</span></span> The full form is <span class='it'>bullion-hose</span> (NED.), a term applied to -trunk-hose, puffed out at the upper part, in several folds. ‘His bastard -bullions’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen) [<span class='it'>bastard</span> is the name of -a kind of cloth]; <span class='it'>a pair of bullions</span>, The Chances, v. 2 (John); <span class='it'>in the bullion</span>, -i.e. wearing bullions, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Pontalier).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bully-rook,</span></span> a familiar term of endearment, fine fellow. Merry -Wives, i. 3. 2; ii. 1. 200; Shirley, Gent. of Venice, iii. 1 (Thomazo). -See EDD. (s.v. Bully, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bum,</span></span> to strike, beat, thump. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 2 (Spungius); -Greene, James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). See EDD. (s.v. Bum, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bum out,</span></span> to project; ‘What have you bumming out there?’ Rowley, -A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bum vay,</span></span> a familiar contraction of <span class='it'>by my fay</span>, by my faith. Contention -between Liberality and Prodigality, iv. 3, near the end; in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, viii. 364; <span class='it'>by my vay</span>, Wily Beguiled, Hazlitt, ix. 328. See EDD. -(s.v. Fay, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>by my fey</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1126).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bumb-blade.</span></span> (Cant.) Given in NED. as <span class='it'>bum-blade</span>, a large sword, -Massinger, City Madam, i. 2 (Page).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bump,</span></span> to make a noise like a bittern, to boom. Dryden, Wife of Bath, -194. <span class='it'>Bumping</span>, the boom of the bittern, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, -bk. iii. c. 27 (4). See EDD. (s.v. Bump, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bunch,</span></span> a company of teal; a technical word in falconry. Drayton, -xxv. 63. In E. Anglia they speak of a ‘bunch’ of wild-fowl, see EDD. -(s.v. Bunch, sb.<sup>1</sup> ii. 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bung,</span></span> a purse. (Cant.) Dekker, Roaring Girl (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. -217); a pick-pocket, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 138.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bunting,</span></span> fat, plump. In Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 1. 10. NED. -explains it as ‘plump’; but suggests that it may perhaps mean ‘butting’, -from the verb <span class='it'>bunt</span>, to butt. I was at first inclined to take the same -view; but the context decides altogether in favour of the adjective. In -l. 7, Faunus brings with him ‘The <span class='it'>fattest</span>, fairest fawn in all the chace: -I wonder how the knave could skip so fast.’; i.e. because he was so fat. -And Pan replies that he has brought with him an equally fat lamb, viz. -‘A <span class='it'>bunting</span> lamb; nay, pray you, feel no bones [i.e. you can’t feel his -bones]. Believe me now, my cunning much I miss If ever Pan felt <span class='it'>fatter</span> -lamb than this’. See EDD. (s.v. Bunting, adj.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burble,</span></span> to bubble. Spelt <span class='it'>burbyl</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 8; bk. -xviii. c. 21; pres. pt. <span class='it'>burbelynge</span>, id. lf. 208. 17; bk. x. c. 2; ‘I boyle up or -burbyll up as a water dothe in a spring’, <span class='it'>Je bouillonne</span>, Palsgrave. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burbolt,</span></span> a bird-bolt, a kind of blunt-headed arrow used for shooting -birds. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2 (Custance); Marston, What you -Will, Induction (Philomuse).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burden,</span></span> a staff, club. In Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 46. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bordon'>bordon</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burdseat,</span></span> a board-seat, i.e. a stool. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, -iii. 408.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burgh;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#burre2'>burre</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='burgullian'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burgullian,</span></span> a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burle,</span></span> to pick out from cloth knots, loose threads, &c.; ‘<span class='it'>Desquamare -vestes</span>, to burle clothe’, Cooper, Dict. (1565). Hence <span class='it'>Burling-iron</span>, a pair -of tweezers used in ‘burling’, Herrick, To the Painter, 10. In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Burl, vb. 1). ME. <span class='it'>burle clothe</span>, ‘extuberare’ (Cath. -Angl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Burmoothes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Burmoothes,</span></span> the Bermudas. Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased, -i. 2 (end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Bermoothes'>Bermoothes</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burnish,</span></span> to grow stout or plump, to fill out; said of the human frame. -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 37; vol. i, p. 345 b (1634); Congreve, -Way of the World, iii. 3 (Mrs. Marwood); ‘<span class='it'>Femme qui encharge</span>, that grows -big on’t, who burnishes, or whose belly increases’, Cotgrave; Dryden, -Hind and Panther, i. 390. In prov. use, see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burnt,</span></span> branded as a criminal. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. v. 2 (Cat. -Bountinall).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burnt sack,</span></span> a particular kind of wine heated at the fire, Merry -Wives, ii. 1. 222; <span class='it'>burnt wine</span>, Heywood, Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Scapha); -<span class='it'>burnt claret</span>, The Tatler, no. 36, § 5 (1709).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burre,</span></span> the lowest of the tines on a stag’s horn. Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 21, p. 53. Still in use in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.<sup>1</sup> 7), -where the word is defined, ‘the ball or knob of a stag’s horn at its -juncture with the skull’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#antlier'>antlier</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='burre2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burre,</span></span> an iron ring on a tilting spear, just behind the place for the -hand. ‘Burre or yron of a launce, &c.’, Florio, tr. of Montaigne, ii. 37; -in form <span class='it'>burgh</span>, Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Moll). ME. <span class='it'>burwhe</span>, sercle, -‘orbiculus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 268). See EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.<sup>6</sup>), -and NED. (s.v. Burr, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>burrough, borrow,</span></span> a pledge, a surety. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, -iii. 1 (Pan); v. 2 (Turfe). ME. <span class='it'>borwe</span>, a pledge (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1622). -OE. <span class='it'>borh</span> (dat. <span class='it'>borge</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Burse,</span></span> an Exchange; esp. the Royal Exchange built by Sir Thomas -Gresham in 1566; it contained shops. Massinger, City Madam, iii. 1. 13; -Middleton, The Roaring Girl, iv. 1 (Moll’s Song). F. <span class='it'>bourse</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bursmen,</span></span> (perhaps) shopmen; ‘Welcome, still my merchants of <span class='it'>bona -speranza</span> [i.e. gamblers]; . . what ware deal you in? . . Say, my brave -bursmen’, A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (beginning). I think the reference -is to keepers of shops in the Burse; see above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bursten,</span></span> ruptured. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 3 (Savil). -In common prov. use (with various pronunciations), see EDD. (s.v. -Burst, vb. 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bushment,</span></span> an ambush. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. ME. <span class='it'>buschment</span> -(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 269).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>busine,</span></span> a trumpet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 199. 20; <span class='it'>busyne</span>, id., -lf. 187, back, 26. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>buisine</span> (Ch. Rol., 3523), L. <span class='it'>buccina</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buske,</span></span> a bush. Ralph, Roister Doister, i. 4 (M. Merygreek). ME. -<span class='it'>buske</span>, or busshe, ‘rubus’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buskets,</span></span> a spray, as of hawthorn. <span class='it'>May buskets</span>, sprays of ‘May’ or -hawthorn, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 10. See Dict. (s.v. Bouquet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buskined,</span></span> wearing the buskins of tragedy; hence tragic, dignified. -‘The buskin’d scene’, Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1. 6; ‘buskin’d strain’, -Drayton, Pol. ii. 333.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>busking,</span></span> an attiring; esp. the dressing of the head. Ascham, Scholemaster, -bk. i. (ed. Arber, p. 54). ME. <span class='it'>busken</span>, to get oneself ready (Cursor M., -11585). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buskle,</span></span> to prepare oneself; hence, to set out, start on a journey, set -to work, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid iii. 359 (ed. Arber, 81); to hurry about, -Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 6, st. 51. Freq. of <span class='it'>busk</span>, vb.; see -above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>busk-point,</span></span> the lace, with its tag (or point), which secured the end -of the ‘busk’, or strip of wood in the front of the stays. Dekker, Shoemaker’s -Holiday, v. 2 (Hodge); Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Maquerelle); -How a Man may Choose, i. 3 (Fuller).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>busky,</span></span> bushy. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bosky'>bosky</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bustain,</span></span> (prob.) clothed in <span class='it'>bustian</span> or <span class='it'>busteyn</span>, a cotton fabric of foreign -manufacture; used as a term of derision; ‘Penthesilea with her bustain -troopes’ (i.e. her Amazons). Heywood, Iron Age, pt. ii; vol. iii, p. 368. -OF. <span class='it'>bustanne</span>, ‘sorte d’étoffe fabriquée à Valenciennes’ (Godefrey).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>but,</span></span> except, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 82; Massinger, Renegado, i. 2; unless, -<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Amos iii. 17; <span class='it'>but if</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 16; iv. 8. 33. In prov. -use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. Wyclif, John xii. 24: ‘But a corn of whete -falle in to the erthe, and be deed, it dwellith alone.’</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>but-bolt, butt-bolt,</span></span> an unbarbed arrow used in shooting at the -butts. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Cuddy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#butt-shaft'>butt-shaft</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>butin,</span></span> booty. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 277, back, 18. F. <span class='it'>butin</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>butter-box,</span></span> a contemptuous term for a (fat) Dutchman. Massinger, -Renegado, ii. 5. 8; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Fulgoso).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>butter-print,</span></span> a humorous expression for a child, as bearing the stamp -of the parents’ likeness. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4. 10; -The Chances, i. 5 (Don John); Span. Curate, ii. 1 (Diego).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buttery-bar,</span></span> the horizontal ledge on the top of the <span class='it'>buttery-hatch</span>, or -half-door, to rest tankards on, Twelfth Nt., i. 3. 75. <span class='it'>Buttery-hatch</span>, Heywood, -Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Robin). A ‘buttery-hatch’ is still to be seen -opposite the entrance to the dining-hall in every college in Oxford. See -NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>button,</span></span> a bud. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 1. 6. ME. <span class='it'>botoun</span> (Rom. -Rose, 1721). OF. <span class='it'>bouton</span>, a bud (Rom. Rose); see Bartsch, 412.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buttons, to make,</span></span> to be in great fear. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. -3 (Sancho). See EDD. (s.v. Button, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8 and 12).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='butt-shaft'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>butt-shaft,</span></span> an arrow (without a barb), for shooting at the butts. -B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); L. L. L. i. 2. 181.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buxom,</span></span> yielding, obedient; blithe, lively. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s -Tale, 626; Henry V, iii. 6. 28; Milton, L’Allegro, 24. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>buzzes,</span></span> for <span class='it'>burrs-es</span>, double pl. of <span class='it'>burr</span>; burrs; used of the rough seed-vessels -of some plants. Field, Woman a Weathercock, ii. 1 (Scudmore).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>by and by,</span></span> immediately. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Matt. xiii. 21; Luke xxi. 9; -Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 2. See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>by-blow,</span></span> a bastard. Ussher, Annals, 499 (NED.); Cox, Registers, -Lambeth, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1688, p. 75. In common prov. use in the north of England -and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. By(e, 8 (4)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>by-chop,</span></span> a bastard. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 2 (Chair).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bye,</span></span> a secondary object; <span class='it'>bye and main,</span> a term orig. used in dicing, -expressing different ways of winning. <span class='it'>To bar bye and main</span>, to prevent -entirely, stop altogether, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 -(Rosalura).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bye,</span></span> to pay the penalty for, atone for. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. 30. -Cp. ME. <span class='it'>abyen</span>, to buy off (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4393). See <span class='bold'><a href='#aby'>aby</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bynempt,</span></span> declared solemnly, promised with an oath. Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 1. 60; Shep. Kal., July, 214. See <span class='bold'><a href='#benempt'>benempt</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>by’r lakin,</span></span> by our Lady-kin or little Lady (with reference to the -Virgin Mary). Temp. iii. 3. 1; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 14. So also <span class='it'>Byrlady</span>, -Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 2 (1 Gent.). In prov. use from Yorksh. -to Derbysh., see EDD. (s.v. Byrlakins).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>byse,</span></span> greyish; light blue, or azure. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1158. -See Dict. (s.v. Bice).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>bysse,</span></span> fine linen; also, a vague name for any fine or costly material. -Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. Dyce, v. 558; Peele, Honour of -the Garter, l. 88. OF. <span class='it'>bysse</span>, L. <span class='it'>byssus</span>, Gk. βύσσos, ‘fine linen’ (Luke -xvi. 19); Heb. <span class='it'>būts</span>, applied to the finest and most precious stuffs as worn -by persons of high rank or honour (1 Chron. iv. 21).</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='C'>C</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cabage,</span></span> to cut off the head of a deer close behind his horns. Turbervile, -Hunting, xliii. 134; ‘I wyll cabage my dere, <span class='it'>je cabacheray ma beste</span>’, -Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>caboche</span> (Book on Hunting; NED.). F. (Picard) <span class='it'>caboche</span>, -the head, see H. Estienne, Précellence, 175. 397.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cabbish,</span></span> a cabbage. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. -Twi.). A Yorksh. pronunc. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cabinet,</span></span> a cabin, hut, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 83; ‘(the lark’s) -moist cabinet’, Venus and Adonis, 854.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cabrito,</span></span> a kid. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). Span. -<span class='it'>cabrito</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cacafugo,</span></span> a spitfire, a braggart, blustering fellow. Fletcher, Fair Maid -of the Inn, iii. 1. 8. Span. <span class='it'>cacafuego</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cackler,</span></span> the domestic fowl. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cackling-cheat;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a>.</span> (Cant.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cacokenny,</span></span> a purposely perverted form of <span class='it'>cacochymy</span>, an unhealthy -state of the humours or fluids of the body. Middleton, Anything for -a Quiet Life, iii. 2 (Sweetball). Gk. κακοχυμία.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caddess,</span></span> the jackdaw. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. 541; ‘A cadesse or a -dawe, <span class='it'>Monedula</span>’, Baret, Alvearie. An old Yorksh. word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caddow,</span></span> the jackdaw. Huloet, Dict. (1552); spelt <span class='it'>cadowe</span>, Golding, -Metam., vii. 468; Tusser, Husbandry, § 46. 28. ME. <span class='it'>cadow</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, ‘monedula’ -(Prompt. EETS., see note no. 313).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cade,</span></span> a young animal brought up by hand; usually, a pet-lamb; rarely, -a foal. ‘The <span class='it'>Cade</span> which cheweth the Cudde’ (here, apparently, a calf), -Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, iii. 4 (Ambidexter). In prov. use in -various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cade, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1). ME. a <span class='it'>cade</span>, ‘ovis -domestica’ (Cath. Angl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cade, oil of,</span></span> oil from the prickly cedar. <span class='it'>Oyle of Cade</span>, Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 66; p. 187. F. <span class='it'>cade</span>, the prickly cedar (Cotgr).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caitif,</span></span> a captive. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 794; <span class='it'>caitifes</span>, unhappy men, -Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii. 253. Also, mean, niggardly, Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Medici, pt. 2, § 3. Norm. F. ‘<span class='it'>caitif</span>, malheureux, misérable, captif’ (Moisy); -cp. Prov. <span class='it'>caitiu</span>, ‘captif, chétif, misérable, mauvais, méchant’ (Levy). -Celto-L. type *<span class='it'>cactivum</span>, L. <span class='it'>captivum</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calambac,</span></span> an Eastern name of aloes-wood or eagle-wood. A Knack to -know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 571. Malay <span class='it'>kalambak</span>. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caldesed, chaldesed,</span></span> cheated. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 1010; Elephant -in the Moon, 494. Coined from Chaldees, pl. of Chaldee, a Chaldean, -an astrologer.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Calipolis,</span></span> the wife of the Moor in Peele’s play, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 3: -‘Feed, then, and faint not, fair Calipolis.’ Hence Pistol has: ‘Feed, and -be fat, my fair Calipolis’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 193; and Heywood has: ‘To -feed, and be fat, my fine Cullapolis’, Royal King (Captain), vol. vi, p. 30. -Those who consult Peele’s play will find the quotation to be extremely -humorous. Pistol’s words occur again in Marston, What you Will, v. -1. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calke,</span></span> to calculate. Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 15; <span class='it'>kalked</span>, pp.; id. -Clarence, st. 26. Short for <span class='it'>calcule</span>, F. <span class='it'>calculer</span>, L. <span class='it'>calculare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calker, calcar,</span></span> a calculator, an astrologer; ‘<span class='it'>Calkers</span> of mens byrthes’, -Coverdale, Isaiah ii. 6; <span class='it'>calcars</span>, Sir T. Wyatt, Song of Jopas, 60; in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 95.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calkins,</span></span> the turned-up ends of the horse-shoe which raise the heels -from the ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 4. 68; ‘<span class='it'>Rampone</span>, a calkin in a -horses shoon to keepe him from sliding’, Florio. This word, with various -pronunciations, is in prov. use in many parts of England from Lancash. to -Shropsh. and Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Calkin). OF. <span class='it'>calcain</span>, heel (Godefrey). -L. <span class='it'>calcaneum</span>, heel (Vulg., John xiii. 18).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>callet,</span></span> a lewd woman, a tramp’s concubine. Othello, iv. 2. 122. B. -Jonson, Volpono, iv. 1 (Lady P.); ‘<span class='it'>Paillarde</span>, a strumpet, callet’, Cotgrave. -In prov. use in Scotland, Yorksh., and Lancash., see EDD. (s.v. Callet, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). A Gipsy word, see Englische Studien, XXII (ann. 1895).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>callot, calotte,</span></span> a coif worn on the wig of a serjeant-at-law, a skull-cap. -B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Bias); Etheredge, She Would if she -Could, iii. 3 (Sir Joslin). F. <span class='it'>calotte</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>cale</span>, a caul.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>callymoocher,</span></span> a term of abuse. Only occurs in Middleton, Mayor -of Queenborough, iii. 3 (Oliver).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calophantic,</span></span> making a show of excellence; hypocritical. ‘Calophantic -Puritaines’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 53, st. 21. Gk. καλό-ς, -fair + -φαντης, one who shows, from φαίνειν, to show.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>calvered salmon,</span></span> fresh salmon prepared in a particular way; -sometimes, apparently, pickled salmon. Massinger, Maid of Honour, -iii. 1 (Gasparo). ME. <span class='it'>calvar</span>, ‘as samone or oder fysch’ (Prompt. EETS., -see note, no. 320).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cambrel,</span></span> a crooked stick with notches on it, on which butchers hang -their meat. Also <span class='it'>cambren</span>, see Phillips (1706). Wel. <span class='it'>cambren</span>; <span class='it'>cam</span> crooked, -and <span class='it'>pren</span> wood, stick. In prov. use in Scotland, and in England, from the -Border as far south as Warwick, see EDD. (s.v. Cambrel, sb.<sup>1</sup>). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#gambrel'>gambrel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cambrel,</span></span> the hock of an animal; spelt <span class='it'>camborell</span>. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 107. 3; ‘His crooked cambrils’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, -Nymphal, x. 20; ‘<span class='it'>Chapelet du jarret</span>, the cambrel hogh of a horse’, Cotgrave. -See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='camisado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>camisado,</span></span> a night attack by soldiers; orig. one in which the attacking -soldiers wore shirts over their armour, that they might recognize one -another. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 297; Gascoigne, Jocasta, Act ii, sc. 2, -l. 56. Span. <span class='it'>camiçada</span>, ‘a camisado, assault’ (Minsheu). <span class='it'>Camiça</span>, <span class='it'>camisa</span>, -‘a shirt’, id. Late L. <span class='it'>camisia</span>, a shirt (Jerome). See NED. (s.v. -Chemise).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cammock'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cammock, camocke,</span></span> a crooked tree; esp. one that is artificially -bent. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 46, 408; Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 579, col. 2. -ME. <span class='it'>cambok</span>, ‘pedum’ (Voc. 666. 27); Med. L. <span class='it'>cambuca</span>, ‘baculus incurvatus’ -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>camois</span>(<span class='bold'>e.</span></span> Of the nose: low and concave; ‘a Camoise nose, crooked -upwarde as the Morians’, Baret, Alvearie; ‘Camously croked’, Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 28; <span class='it'>camused</span>, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). -F. <span class='it'>camus</span>, having a short and flat nose (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>camomile;</span></span> said to grow the more, when the more trodden upon. -1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 441; Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Mis. Carol).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>camouccio,</span></span> a term of reproach. B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of Humour, -v. 3 (Sogliardo); spelt <span class='it'>camooch</span>, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable (Lazarillo). -Perhaps Ital. <span class='it'>camoscio</span>, the chamois.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>can,</span></span> a wooden measure for liquor. Phr. <span class='it'>burning of cans</span>, branding -measures, to show that they were of legal capacity; B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Can,</span></span> a lord, prince; ‘A great Emperor in Tartary whom they call -Can’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11; p. 106. See Dict. (s.v. -Khan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>can,</span></span> <span class='it'>pres. indic.</span>, know; ‘Unlearned men that can no letters’, Foxe, -Martyrs (ed. 1684, ii. 325); ‘Can you a remedy for the tysyke?’ Skelton, -Magnyf. 561; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). ME. ‘I can -a noble tale’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3126). See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='can3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>can,</span></span> used as an auxiliary of the past tense; ‘Tho can she weepe’, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 50; ‘He can her fairely greet’, id. i. 4. 46. ME. very -common in Cursor M.; e.g. ‘Moses fourti dais can (v.r. gan) þer-on duell’, -6462. See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canaglia,</span></span> canaille, rabble. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. -<span class='it'>canaglia</span>, ‘base and rascally-people, only fit for dogs company’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canary,</span></span> a quick and lively dance. All’s Well, ii. 1. 77; pl. <span class='it'>canaries</span>, -Middleton, Women beware, iii. 2 (Ward); to dance, L. L. L. iii. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canceleer, cancelier,</span></span> a hawking term. A hawk <span class='it'>canceleers</span> when, in -stooping, she turns two or three times upon the wing, to recover herself -before she seizes the prey. Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a turn -or two in the air, Drayton, Pol. xx. 229. OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>canceler</span> (F. <span class='it'>chanceler</span>), -to swerve, waver.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>candle:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to hold a candle to the devil</span>, to assist an evil person, to -persevere in evil courses. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 316 (Orgalio, p. 93, -col. 1). Cp. the Gloucestersh. saying, ‘To offer a candle to the devil’, -see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 2 (5)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>candles’ ends,</span></span> bits of lighted candle swallowed as flapdragons; see -<span class='bold'><a href='#flapdragon'>flapdragon</a>.</span> Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, ii. 2. 24; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 267.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>candle-waster,</span></span> one who sits up late, and so wastes candles; a -student, or a rake. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Much -Ado, v. 1. A Somerset expression, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 1 (22)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cane'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cane,</span></span> a ‘khan’, an Eastern inn. G. Sandys, Trav. p. 57. See Stanford -(s.v. Khan). Arab, <span class='it'>khān</span>, a building (unfurnished) for the accommodation -of travellers (Dozy, Glossaire, 83). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hane'>hane</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canicular,</span></span> due to the dog-star. <span class='it'>Canicular aspect</span>, influence of the dog-star, -excessive heat, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 3 (2083); p. 144, col. 1. -‘Of the canicular or dog-days’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors; bk. iv, -ch. 13. L. <span class='it'>canicula</span>, dog-star (Horace).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='canion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canion,</span></span> an ornamental roll laid in a set like sausages round the ends -of the legs of breeches; ‘French hose . . . with <span class='it'>Canions</span> annexed reaching -down beneath their knees’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (see Furnivall, 56). -‘<span class='it'>Chausses à queue de merlus</span>, round breeches with strait cannions’, Cotgrave. -Span. <span class='it'>cañon</span>, a tube, pipe, gun-barrel.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canker,</span></span> a caterpillar, a canker-worm. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 3; Milton, -Lycidas, 45. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Canker, sb.<sup>2</sup> 6). ME. -<span class='it'>cankyr</span>, ‘teredo’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canker,</span></span> the dog-rose. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 176. Cp. the prov. words -<span class='it'>canker-ball</span>, the mossy excrescence on a wild rose-bush, <span class='it'>canker-bell</span>, the bud -of a wild rose, <span class='it'>canker-berry</span>, the ‘hip’ of a wild rose, <span class='it'>canker-rose</span>, ‘Rosa -canina’, the wild rose (EDD).).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cankered,</span></span> ill-tempered. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 3; King John, ii. 1. -194. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cannakin,</span></span> a small can; ‘Let me the cannakin clinke’, Othello, ii. 3. 71.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cannel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cannel:</span></span> <span class='it'>Cannel bone</span>; ‘The neck-bone or windpipe’, Phillips, Dict.; -Golding, tr. Metam. 284; the collar-bone, Holland, Plutarch’s Mor. 409; -spelt <span class='it'>canell</span>: <span class='it'>canell of the necke</span> (?), the nape of the neck, Caxton, Hist. -Troye, leaf 348. 10. Cp. <span class='it'>cannell-bone</span> (Lancash.), and <span class='it'>channel-bone</span> (Somerset) -in prov. use for the collar-bone (EDD.). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>canel</span>, a channel; -F. <span class='it'>canneau du col</span>, ‘the nape of the neck’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canon-bitt,</span></span> a smooth round bit for horses. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37; -‘<span class='it'>Canon</span>, a canon-bitt for a horse’, Cotgrave. O. Prov. <span class='it'>canon</span>, a tube (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canstick,</span></span> a candlestick. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 131. Still in use in Berks. -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cant,</span></span> a corner, a niche; ‘Irene or Peace, she was placed aloft in -a cant’, B. Jonson, James I’s Entertainment (1603); Warner, Monuments -of Honour (ed. Dyce, 369) See EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1). Norm. F. <span class='it'>cant</span>, -‘angle’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cant,</span></span> a piece, portion. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 45. A Kentish term, see -EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb<sup>4</sup> 2). Cp. M. Du. <span class='it'>kant</span> (Verdam).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canted,</span></span> tilted up, thrown up. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, iii. -211. See EDD. (s.v. Cant, vb.<sup>3</sup> 9 (1)). E. Fris. <span class='it'>kanten</span>, ‘etwas auf die Seite -legen’ (Koolman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canter,</span></span> one who <span class='it'>cants</span>, a vagrant. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 -(P. Can.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantharides,</span></span> a kind of flies; Spanish flies; sometimes Aphides. -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, viii. 54. Used as a stimulant, Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, iv. 1 (Cleremont). L. <span class='it'>cantharides</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>cantharis</span>; -Gk. κανθαρίς, blister-fly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canting out,</span></span> singing out, in a beggar’s whine; ‘ ’Tis easier <span class='it'>canting -out</span>, “A piece of broken bread for a poor man”, than singing “Brooms, -maids, brooms: come, buy my brooms”,’ The London Chanticleers, -scene 1 (Heath).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantle,</span></span> a part, portion; ‘<span class='it'>Liron de pain</span>, a cantle of bread’, Cotgrave; -‘A cantel <span class='it'>pars, portio</span>’, Levins. Manipulus. ME. <span class='it'>cantel</span>, ‘minutal’ (Prompt. -EETS., see note, no. 324). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>cantel</span> = F. <span class='it'>chanteau</span>, ‘a corner-piece -or piece broken off from the corner, hence, a cantel of bread’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantle,</span></span> to portion out, Dekker, Whore of Babylon, i. 1. 9; Dryden, -Juvenal’s Satire, vii.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantore,</span></span> counting-house, office; ‘A Dutchman’s money i’ th’ <span class='it'>Cantore</span>’, -Butler, Abuse of human learning (Remains i. 211). Du. <span class='it'>kantoor</span>, F. <span class='it'>comptoir</span>, -a counter.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cantred,</span></span> a hundred; a district containing 100 townships. Spenser, -View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 676, col. 1. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, 398. -Wel. <span class='it'>cantref</span>, a cantred; <span class='it'>cant</span>, a hundred + <span class='it'>tref</span>, a town. See Ducange (s.v. -Cantredus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canvas:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to receive the canvas</span>, to get the sack; i.e. to be dismissed. -Shirley, The Brothers, ii. 1 (Luys); <span class='it'>give the canvas</span>, to dismiss, Hyde -Park, i. 1 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>canvasado,</span></span> a night attack by soldiers. Merry Devil, i. 1. 44. App. -a perverted form of <span class='bold'><a href='#camisado'>camisado</a>,</span> q.v.; due to confusion with <span class='it'>canvass</span>, vb., -to knock about, to assault (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cap,</span></span> to arrest. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 (Host). -From. L. <span class='it'>capias</span>, the name of a writ; <span class='it'>writ of capias</span>, a writ of arrest.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cap a-huff, to set,</span></span> to cock one’s cap or hat, to put on a swaggering -appearance. Greene, James IV, iv. 4. 13. See <span class='bold'><a href='#huffecap'>huff-cap</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cap of maintenance,</span></span> a kind of hat or cap worn as a symbol of official -dignity, or carried before a sovereign or a high dignitary in processions. -In the 17th cent. and later it is mentioned chiefly as borne, together -with the sword, before the Lord Mayor, and before the Sovereign at his -coronation. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1; A Woman never vext, i. 1 -(Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Maintenance).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capadochio,</span></span> a prison. Puritan Widow, i. 3. 56; ‘in <span class='it'>Caperdochy</span>, i’ tha -gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72; spelt <span class='it'>Capperdochy</span>, id. p. 86. App. -for <span class='it'>Cappadocia</span> (a bit of university slang).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cap-case,</span></span> a bandbox, cover, basket. Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 4 -(De F.); a small travelling-bag, Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 3 (Philogano).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caper,</span></span> a privateer, cruiser. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin). -Du. <span class='it'>kaper</span>, a privateer (Sewel, ed. 1766).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capilotade,</span></span> a kind of hash, or mixed dish; hence, a hash, a made-up -story. ‘What a capilotade of a story’s here!’ Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, -iii. 2 (Flippanta). F. <span class='it'>capilotade</span>, ‘a capilotadoe, or stued meat’, &c. (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capnomanster,</span></span> one who divines from the way in which smoke rises -from an altar. For <span class='it'>capnomancer</span>, Birth of Merlin, iv. 1. 62. From <span class='it'>capnomancy</span>, -divination by smoke. Gk. καπνομαντεία.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capocchia,</span></span> a simpleton. In Tr. and Cr. iv. 2. 33. Fem. of Ital. -<span class='it'>capocchio</span>, ‘a doult, a noddie’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capot,</span></span> in the game of piquet, the winning of all the tricks by one -player, which scores 40. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, ii. 2 (Wildair); to -win all the tricks at the game of piquet against another; ‘I have <span class='it'>capotted</span> -her’, id. i. 1 (Fireball). F. <span class='it'>faire capot</span> (Dict. de l’Acad., ed. 1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cappadocian.</span></span> In Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, v. 1, Eyre, who had -come to be Lord Mayor of London, says that he had promised ‘the mad -<span class='it'>Cappadocians</span>’, who had been his fellow-apprentices, that he would feast -them if he ever attained to that dignity. I think it is evidently a jocose -expression for <span class='it'>mad-caps</span>, with a punning reference to the <span class='it'>cap</span>, i.e. the -<span class='it'>flat-cap</span>, which was the special headgear of the London apprentice, and to -which frequent references are made. Just below he varies it to ‘my fine -dapper Assyrian lads’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caprich,</span></span> a freak, a whim, fancy, sudden giddy thought. Butler, Hadibras, -ii. 1. 18; printed <span class='it'>capruch</span>, Shirley, Example, ii. 1 (Vainman). Ital. -<span class='it'>capriccio</span>, ‘a sudden fear apprehended, making one’s hair to stand on end’ -(Florio); lit. the bristling of the head (<span class='it'>capo</span> + <span class='it'>riccio</span>); see note on ‘Caprice’, -by A. L. Mayhew, in Mod. Lang. Rev., July, 1912.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capricious,</span></span> witty. As You Like It, iii. 3. 8; Heywood, The Fair -Maid, iii. 2 (Roughman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capte,</span></span> capacity. Only in Udall: tr. of Apoph., Preface, p. vi (1877); -fol. 23, back (1542); id. Cicero, § 45.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>capuccio,</span></span> a hood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 10. Ital. <span class='it'>capuccio</span>, a cowl.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carabin</span>(<span class='bold'>e, carbine,</span></span> a mounted musketeer. Beaumont and Fl., Wit -without Money, v. 1 (Merchant). F. <span class='it'>carabin</span>, ‘cavalier qui porte une carabine’ -(Dict. de l’Acad.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='caract1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caract,</span></span> worth, value. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum., iii. 3. 23 (Kitely); -Volpone, i. 1 (Corvino); Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caract, carect,</span></span> a mark, sign, character. Meas. for M. v. 1. 56; <span class='it'>holy -Carects</span>, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Golding, De Mornay, iii. 37. ME. <span class='it'>carect</span> -(Wyclif, Apoc. xx. 4). Prov. <span class='it'>caracta</span>, ‘marque, caractère’ (Levy). Norm. F. -<span class='it'>caractes</span>, pl. caractères magiques (Moisy). L. <span class='it'>caracter</span> (Vulg., Apoc. xx. 4), -Gk. χαρακτήρ.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caravan</span></span> (Cant), an object inviting plunder; hence, a dupe, one easily -cheated. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1; iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='caravel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caravel, carvel,</span></span> a kind of light ship. Eden, Three Books on America -(ed. Arber, p. 45). Spelt <span class='it'>carvel</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, -i. 2. 15. F. <span class='it'>caravelle</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>caravella</span>, Port. <span class='it'>caravéla</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carbonado,</span></span> a piece of flesh scored across and grilled upon coals. Marlowe, -1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. 47; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 199; Lyly, Sapho, ii. 3. -175; to make a ‘carbonado’ of, King Lear, ii. 2. 42. Span. <span class='it'>carbonada</span>, -‘a carbonado on the coles’ (Minsheu).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carcanet,</span></span> a collar or necklace of jewels. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 4; -‘Captain jewels in the carcanet’, Sonnet 52. 8. Cp. F. <span class='it'>carcan</span>, ‘une -espèce de chaîne ou de collier de pierreries’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='card1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>card,</span></span> a chart; esp. the circular card on which the points of the compass -were marked. Macbeth, i. 3. 17; Fletcher, Loyal Subject, iii. 2 (Archas). -<span class='it'>To speak by the card</span>, i.e. with the precision shown by such a card, Hamlet, -v. 1. 149. ‘Climes that took up the greatest part o’ th’ card’, i.e. of the -map, Heywood, If you know not me (Medina), vol. i. p. 334.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>card,</span></span> to play at cards. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers, ed. Arber, -p. 25. <span class='it'>To card a rest</span>, to set up a rest, at the game of primero (see <span class='bold'><a href='#rest2'>rest</a></span>), -Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 32.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cardecu'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cardecu,</span></span> an old silver coin, a quarter of a crown. All’s Well, iv. 3. 314; -v. 2. 35. F. <span class='it'>quart d’écu</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carduus benedictus,</span></span> the Blessed Thistle, noted for its medicinal -properties. Much Ado, iii. 4. 72; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 -(Galatea). See Sin. Barth. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>care:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take care for</span>, to give attention to. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Kings xxii, and -Esther vi (contents).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carect, carrect,</span></span> a carrack, a ship of burden. ‘Carects or hulks’, -North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 36 (in Shak. Plut., p. 213, n. 3); -<span class='it'>carrects</span>, pl., Com. Errors, iii. 2. 140. Med. L. <span class='it'>carraca</span>, see Ducange, and -Dozy, Glossaire (s.v. Caraca).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>careful,</span></span> anxious, solicitous. Titus And. iv. 4. 84; Milton, P. L. iv. -983; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Dan. iii. 16. ME. <span class='it'>careful</span>, full of care, sorrowful (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1565).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carfe,</span></span> an incision, cut. Golding, Metam. viii. 762; fol. 104, bk. (1603) -‘Carf’ is in prov. use for the incision or notch made by a saw or axe in -felling timber (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cargazon,</span></span> a cargo; ‘A cargazon of complements’, Howell, Foreign -Travell, sect. xv, p. 67. Also, a list of goods shipped; Hakluyt, vol. ii, pt. 1, -p. 217. Span. <span class='it'>cargazon</span>, cargo.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cargo,</span></span> used as an exclamation. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, -iv (Butler); Tomkis, Epil. to Albumazar. In both cases the context refers -to great riches.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cark</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> anxiety, grief. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 44; Massinger, Roman -Actor, ii. 1 (Paris); ‘<span class='it'>Esmoy</span>, cark, care, thought, sorrow, heaviness’, Cotgrave; -Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in the north country; gen. in -phr. <span class='it'>cark and care</span> (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>cark</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, anxiety (Gamelyn, 760). Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>cark</span> (<span class='it'>kark</span>), charge, load (Rough List). The Norman and Picard form of -Central F. <span class='it'>charge</span>. See Dict. <span class='it'>Cark</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, to be anxious; ‘I carke, I care, I take -thought’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 15; Robinson, tr. More’s -Utopia, 107.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='carl1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carl,</span></span> a countryman, a churl. Cymb. v. 2. 4; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54. -Icel. <span class='it'>karl</span>, a man, also, one of the common folk; opposed to <span class='it'>jarl</span>, as OE. -<span class='it'>ceorl</span> to <span class='it'>eorl</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carl,</span></span> to act as a carl or churl, to snarl. Return from Parnassus, last -scene (Furor). The verb is given as a north Yorksh. word in EDD. (s.v. -Carl, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carlot,</span></span> a peasant. As You Like It, iii. 5. 108.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carnadine,</span></span> a carnation-coloured stuff. Middleton, Anything for a -Quiet Life, ii. 2. 4. Ital. <span class='it'>carnadino</span>, a flesh-colour (Florio); <span class='it'>carne</span>, flesh.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carnifex,</span></span> a hangman; hence, a scoundrel. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). L. <span class='it'>carnifex</span>, an executioner.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caroche,</span></span> a luxurious kind of carriage. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, -p. 6); Duchess of Malfi, iv. 2; Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Leonora). F. <span class='it'>carroche</span> -(Cotgr.). Ital. <span class='it'>carroccio</span>, a carriage, a ‘caroche’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carosse,</span></span> a carriage. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. i (D’Escures). -F. <span class='it'>carosse</span> (Cotgr.); Med. F. <span class='it'>carrosse</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carpell.</span></span> Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 401, col. 1. Sense unknown.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carpet,</span></span> a table-cloth, a table-cover. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2 -(Truewit); Staple of News, i. 2. 2; ‘a carpet to cover the table’, Heywood, -A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Jenkin); ‘carpets for their tables’, Heylin, Hist. -of the Reformation, To the Reader. It was in this sense that a matter was -said to be ‘on the carpet’ (i.e. of the council-table). See Trench, Select -Glossary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carpet-knight,</span></span> a contemptuous term for a knight whose achievements -belong rather to the carpet (the lady’s boudoir) than to the field of -battle; ‘<span class='it'>Mignon de couchette</span>, a Carpet-knight, one that ever loves to be -in women’s chambers’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, i. 1 -(Alberto). There was once an order of Knights of the Carpet, so called -to distinguish them from knights that are dubbed for service in the field. -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carriage,</span></span> that which is carried, baggage. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Sam. xvii. 22; -Acts xxi. 15; ‘Carriages of an army are termed <span class='it'>impedimenta</span>’, Fuller, -Worthies of England, Norfolk; manner of carrying one’s body, bodily -deportment, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 472; demeanour, behaviour, Com. Errors, -iii. 2. 14; moral conduct, Timon, iii. 2. 89; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, -i. 1 (Sanchio); Island Princess, ii. 6. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carricado,</span></span> a movement in fencing. Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler); -Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 57. See NED. (s.v. Caricado).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carvel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#caravel'>caravel</a></span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>carwitchet, carwhitchet,</span></span> a pun, quibble, conundrum. B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, v. 1 (Leath.); Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Morello). See -NED. (s.v. Carriwitchet), and Nares (s.v. Carwhichet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>case,</span></span> a pair; ‘This case of rapiers’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 (description -of <span class='it'>Wrath</span>); ‘A case (pair) of matrons’, B. Jonson, Case is altered, -ii. 3. 1; ‘a case of pistols’, Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 (Rogers); ‘two case -of jewels’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 46).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>case,</span></span> to skin. All’s Well, iii. 6. 111; ‘A cased rabbit’, Dryden, Span. -Friar, v. 2 (Gomez); Vanbrugh, Provok’d Wife, iv. 1 (Taylor). Still in use -in the north and the W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Case, sb.<sup>1</sup> 6).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>casible,</span></span> a chasuble. Middleton, A Game at Chess, i. 1 (Blk. Knt.’s -Pawn). Med. Lat. <span class='it'>casibula</span> (Ducange, s.v. Casula).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caskanet,</span></span> a word common in the 17th cent., used sometimes in the -sense of a necklace set with jewels (or <span class='it'>carcanet</span>), sometimes in the sense of -a <span class='it'>casket</span>. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Jolenta); Lingua, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ix. 426. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cass'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cass,</span></span> to cashier, dismiss; ‘<span class='it'>Malandrin</span>, a cassed soldier’, Cotgrave. The -pp. was confused with <span class='it'>cast</span>, and so spelt. ‘Pontius, you are cast’, Beaumont -and Fl., Valentinian, ii. 3 (Aëcius). F. <span class='it'>casser</span>, ‘to break, to casse, -casseere, discharge, turn out of service’ (Cotgr.). Prov. <span class='it'>casar</span>, ‘casser, -briser’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cassan, casson,</span></span> cheese. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 83. <span class='it'>Casson</span>, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>kaas</span>, a cheese.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cassock,</span></span> a soldier’s cloak or long coat. All’s Well, iv. 3. 191; B. -Jonson, Every Man, ii (near the end). The military use is the original; -so F. <span class='it'>casaque</span>, Span. and Port. <span class='it'>casaca</span>, and Ital. <span class='it'>casacca</span>. Cp. MHG. <span class='it'>casagân</span>, -a horseman’s coat (Schade). Probably of Persian origin (through the -Arabic), see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cast,</span></span> for <span class='it'>cassed</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#cass'>cass</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caster,</span></span> one who casts dice, in gaming. The <span class='it'>setter</span> is one who <span class='it'>sets</span>, or -proposes, the amount of the stake against him. If the setter wants to propose -a very high stake, he says—<span class='it'>ware the caster!</span> i.e. let him beware. The -caster usually says <span class='it'>at all!</span> i.e. I cast against all setters; but he may limit -the amount of the stake. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Tradewell).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caster,</span></span> a cant term for a cloak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -Harman, Caveat, p. 82.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>casting,</span></span> anything given to a hawk to cleanse and purge her gorge. -Massinger, Picture, iv. 1 (Ubaldo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>casting-bottle,</span></span> a bottle for sprinkling perfumes. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Livia). So also -<span class='it'>casting-glass</span>, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Macilente).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>castrel,</span></span> a kestrel, a base kind of hawk. Fletcher, The Pilgrim, i. 1 -(Alphonso); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). F. <span class='it'>cercerelle</span>, a kestrel -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cat,</span></span> in military phrase; a lofty work used in fortifications and sieges. -B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter); Shirley, Honoria, i. 2. This -military work was also called a <span class='bold'><a href='#cavalier'>cavalier</a>,</span> q.v. See NED. (s.v. Cat, sb.<sup>1</sup> 6 b).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Cataian'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cataian,</span></span> a <span class='it'>Cathaian</span>, an inhabitant of Cathay; hence a thief, a scoundrel; -because the Chinese were thought to be clever thieves, Merry Wives, -ii. 1. 148; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cataphract,</span></span> a horse-soldier, protected (as well as his horse) with a -coat-of-mail. Milton, Samson, 1619. Gk. κατάφρακτος, one completely -protected.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catasta,</span></span> a jocose term for the stocks. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 259. L. -<span class='it'>catasta</span>, a stage on which slaves were exposed for sale; Med. L. <span class='it'>catasta</span>, an -engine of torture (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catastrophe,</span></span> conclusion; (humorously) the posteriors. L. L. L. iv. -1. 77; (2) 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 66; Merry Devil, ii. 1. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Catazaner,</span></span> only in Shirley, Ball, v. 1 (Freshwater). Perhaps a -misprint for <span class='it'>Catayaner</span> = <span class='bold'><a href='#Cataian'>Cataian</a>,</span> q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cater,</span></span> a caterer, purveyor, buyer of provisions. Massinger, City Madam, -ii. 1 (Luke); Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 26. ME. <span class='it'>catour</span> (Gamelyn, 321), for -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>acatour</span>, a buyer. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cater-tray,</span></span> lit. ‘four-three’; alluding to the four and three on opposite -faces of a die. Hence <span class='it'>stop-cater-tray</span>, the name of a false or loaded die. -Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. 1 (Dique). See <span class='bold'>quatre.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Catherine pear,</span></span> a small and early variety of pear. Suckling, Ballad -on Wedding. <span class='it'>Catherine-pear-coloured</span>, of a light red colour, used of a lady’s -complexion, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime). [Cp. Crabbe, Tales of the -Hall, ‘ ’Twas not the lighter red, that partly streaks The Catherine pear -that brighten’d o’er her cheeks’ (x. 599).]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catlings,</span></span> catgut strings for a violin. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 306.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catso,</span></span> a rogue, a scamp. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, ii. 1 -(Carlo); also as interj., ‘Cat-so! let us drink’, Motteux, Rabelais, v. 8 -(NED.). Ital. <span class='it'>cazzo</span>, an interjection of admiration, as some women cry -suddenly (Florio); <span class='it'>cazzo</span>, ‘membrum virile’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catstick,</span></span> a stick or bat used in playing tip-cat or trap-ball. Massinger, -Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); Middleton, Women beware Women, i. -2 (Ward).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>catzerie,</span></span> roguery. Only in Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cauled,</span></span> having or adorned with a caul or close-fitting cap; ‘My cauled -countenance’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 327. -ME., P. Plowman, C. xvii. 351.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>causen,</span></span> to give reasons. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 26. Med. L. <span class='it'>causare</span>. -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cautel</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> wariness, caution. Elyot, Governour, i. 4; a crafty device, -trickery, Hamlet, i. 3. 15. OF. <span class='it'>cautele</span>, L. <span class='it'>cautela</span> (in Roman Law) precaution. -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cautele</span>, deceit (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cautelous,</span></span> cautious, wary. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Wit.); -Spenser, View of Ireland (Globe ed. 619); crafty, wily, Coriolanus, iv. 1. 33.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cavalier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cavalier</span>(<span class='bold'>o.</span></span> Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, ii. 4. 83; iii. 2. 81. Span. -<span class='it'>cavalléro</span>, ‘in Fortification, a Cavalier, or Mount, which is an Elevation of -Earth with a platform for Canon on it, to overlook other Works’ (Stevens, -1706); cp. Ital. <span class='it'>cavagliére a cavállo</span> (Florio). F. <span class='it'>cavalier</span>, ‘se dit d’une pièce -de fortification de terre fort élevée, & où l’on met du canon’ (Dict. de -l’Acad., ed. 1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cavallerie,</span></span> an order of chivalry; ‘The knighthood and cavallerie of -Rome’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 460; the collective name for horse-soldiers, -Bacon, Hen. VII, 74; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 3 (Gonzaga). F. -<span class='it'>cavallerie</span>, ‘horsemanship; horsemen’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cavell,</span></span> a mean fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2217; Lyndesay, -Satyre, 2863. See Jamieson.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>caveson,</span></span> a strong nose-piece for a horse, a kind of curb; ‘The -Lithuanians, sir, . . . must Be rid with <span class='it'>cavesons</span>’, Sir J. Suckling, Brennoralt, -iii. 1; ed. Hazlitt, vol. ii, p. 104. F. <span class='it'>caveçon</span>, ‘a cavechine or -cavasson for a horse’s nose’ (Cotgr.). Ital. <span class='it'>cavezzone</span>, augmentative of -<span class='it'>cavezza</span> a halter; Med. L. <span class='it'>capitia</span>, <span class='it'>capitium</span>, a head-covering (Ducange). See -NED. (s.v. <span class='it'>cavesson</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cazimi, cazini:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>in cazimi</span>, ‘a Planet is in the heart of the -Sunne, or in Cazimi, when he is not removed from him 17 minutes’, -Lilly, Astrology, xix. 113; ‘In cazini of the sun’, Massinger, City Madam, -ii. 2 (Stargaze); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 6; Selden’s notes to Drayton, -Pol. xiv (near the end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cecchin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cecchin,</span></span> a sequin, gold coin. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2. Ital. -<span class='it'>zecchino</span>, ‘a coin of gold current in Venice’ (Florio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#chequin'>chequin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cedule,</span></span> a slip or scroll of parchment or paper containing writing. -Caxton, Golden Legend, 114; spelt <span class='it'>cedle</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 421, back, 5, -bk. xxi, ch. 2; spelt <span class='it'>sedyl</span> (same page). OF. <span class='it'>cedule</span>; Med. Lat. <span class='it'>cedula</span>, <span class='it'>scedula</span> -(Ducange), dimin. of <span class='it'>sceda</span>, <span class='it'>scheda</span>. See NED. (s.v. Schedule).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cee,</span></span> a small portion of beer; marked in the buttery-book of a college -with the letter <span class='it'>c</span>, which denoted one-sixteenth of a penny, or half a <span class='it'>cue</span>, -as being its price. ‘Eate <span class='it'>cues</span>, drunk <span class='it'>cees</span>’, 1 Part of Jeronimo, ii. 3. 9; -see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 367. ‘<span class='it'>Cues</span> and <span class='it'>cees</span>’, Earle, Microcosmographie, -§ 16, ed. Arber, p. 38. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cue'>cue</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cellar,</span></span> a case or stand for holding bottles. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, -iii. 1 (last line).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cemitare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cemitare,</span></span> a ‘scimitar’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 3. F. <span class='it'>cimeterre</span> (Cotgr.), -Span. <span class='it'>cimitarra</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>censure,</span></span> judgement, opinion, Richard III, ii. 2. 144; to form or give an -opinion, to estimate, ‘How you are censured here in the city’, Coriolanus, -ii. 1. 25.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cent'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cent,</span></span> a game at cards; also spelt <span class='it'>saint</span>, <span class='it'>sant</span>; it seems to have resembled -piquet. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One; Triumph of Death, sc. 5 -(Gentille); Shirley, Example, iii. 1 (Confident). So called, because 100 -was ‘game’. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>centener,</span></span> a centurion. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (Shak. -Plut., p. 237, n. 2); <span class='it'>centiner</span>, id. § 3 (p. 235, n. 2). F. <span class='it'>centenier</span> (Cotgr.), -L. <span class='it'>centenarius</span>, consisting of a hundred; = centurio (Vegetius, fl. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 385).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cento,</span></span> a patched garment; ‘His apparel is a cento’, Shirley, Willy -Fair, ii. 2; used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘There is under these centoes and miserable outsides -. . . a soule of the same alloy with our owne’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Medici, pt. 2, § 13. L. <span class='it'>cento</span>, a garment of patchwork.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>centre,</span></span> the centre of the earth, which was supposed to be also the -fixed centre of the universe; ‘The firm centre’, Webster, Appius, i. 3 -(Mar. Claudius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>centrinel, centronel,</span></span> a sentinel. Young, Diana, 120 (NED.); Marlowe, -Dido, ii. 1. 323 (Venus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cerastes,</span></span> a horned snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. κεράστης.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ceration'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ceration,</span></span> a reducing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchem. -ii. 1 (Face). L. <span class='it'>cera</span>, wax.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cere,</span></span> to cover with wax, to shroud in a cere-cloth; ‘Then was the -bodye . . . embawmed and cered’, Hall, Hen. VIII, ann. 5. L. <span class='it'>cerare</span>, to -wax; <span class='it'>cera</span>, wax.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cere-cloth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cere-cloth,</span></span> the linen cloth dipped in melted wax to be used as a -shroud. Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 51; cp. <span class='it'>cerements</span>, Hamlet, i. 4. 48. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sear-cloth'>sear-cloth</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>certes,</span></span> certainly. Temp. iii. 3. 30; Com. Errors, iv. 4. 77. F. <span class='it'>certes</span>, -truly (Cotgr.), O. Prov. <span class='it'>certas</span> (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cestron,</span></span> a ‘cistern’. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 52.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cetywall,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#setwall'>setwall</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ch,</span></span> a form of <span class='it'>ich</span>, <span class='it'>utch</span>, southern form of the first personal pronoun <span class='it'>I. -Cha</span>, I have, More, Heresyes, iv (Works, 278); <span class='it'>chad</span>, I had, Udall, Roister -Doister, i. 3; <span class='it'>cham</span>, I am, Peele, Sir Clyom., Works, iii. 85; B. Jonson, -Tale of Tub, i. 1; <span class='it'>chave</span>, I have, Peele, Arr. Paris, i. 1 (Pan); <span class='it'>chee</span> (for -<span class='it'>ich</span>), I, London Prodigal, ii. 168; <span class='it'>I chid</span>, I should, ii. 1. 20; <span class='it'>chill</span>, I will, -King Lear, iv. 6. 239; <span class='it'>chud</span>, I would, ib. See NED. and EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chacon,</span></span> a slow Spanish dance, or its tune; ‘<span class='it'>Chacon</span>: Two Nymphs -and Triton sing’, Dryden, Albion, Act ii (end). F. <span class='it'>chaconne</span> (Hatzfeld); -Span. <span class='it'>chacona</span> (Neuman and B.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chaflet,</span></span> (?) a small platform or stage; ‘He satte vpon a <span class='it'>chaflet</span> in -a chayer’ [chair], Morte Arthur, leaf 422, back, 2, bk. xxi, c. 3. Only -in this passage. Probably the same as OF. <span class='it'>chafault</span>, a temporary platform. -See NED. (s.v. Catafalque), and Dict. (s.v. Scaffold).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chaldrons,</span></span> entrails of a calf, &c. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I. iii. 1 -(Fustigo). Spelt <span class='it'>chawdron</span>, Macbeth, iv. 1. 33. Cp. dialect forms, <span class='it'>chauldron</span>, -Hertford, <span class='it'>chaudron</span>, Gloucester, <span class='it'>chawdon</span>, Leicester, see EDD. (s.v. Chawdon). -OF. <span class='it'>chaudun</span>, tripes (Roquefort); cp. G. <span class='it'>kaldaunen</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>challes,</span></span> jaws. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75; <span class='it'>chall-bones</span>, jaw-bones; -id. § 86. In common prov. use in England as far south as Bedford, see -EDD. (s.v. Chawl). ME. <span class='it'>chaul</span> (Wyclif, 1 Kings xvii. 35); OE. <span class='it'>ceafl</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cham,</span></span> khan. The <span class='it'>Great Cham</span>, the Great Khan; commonly applied to -the ruler of the Mongols and Tartars, and to the Emperor of China. -Much Ado, ii. 1. 277; Fletcher, The Chances, v. 3 (Don John). Turki -<span class='it'>khān</span>, lord, prince. See NED. (s.v. Cham, Khan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chamber,</span></span> a small cannon used to fire salutes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 57; -Massinger, Renegado, v. 8. See NED. (s.v. Chamber. 10 b).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chambering,</span></span> wanton behaviour in private places. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Romans -xiii. 13; Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, ii. 4 (Citizen). Cp. <span class='it'>chamberer</span>, -one of wanton habits, Othello, iii. 3. 265.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chamber-lie,</span></span> see <span class='bold'>lye.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chamelot,</span></span> a name originally applied to some beautiful and costly -eastern fabric, camlet. <span class='it'>Water Chamelot</span>, camlet with a wavy or watered -surface. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 45; Holland, Pliny, i. 228; Bacon, New -Atlantis (ed. 1650, p. 3). OF. <span class='it'>chamelot</span> (Littré).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chamfered,</span></span> furrowed, wrinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 23. OF. -<span class='it'>chanfraindre</span>, to chamfer, to furrow, also, to bevel an edge. Possibly for -<span class='it'>chant-fraindre</span>, which may = Med. L. <span class='it'>cantum frangere</span>, to break the edge or side.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>champian, champion,</span></span> the champaign, level open country, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, -Deut. xi. 30; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 29; Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 173; -Gosson, School of Abuse, 29.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chandry, chandrie,</span></span> short for <span class='it'>chandlery</span>, the place where candles -were kept in a household; ‘Six torches from the chandry’, B. Jonson, -Masque of Augurs (Notch). OF. <span class='it'>chandel</span>(<span class='it'>l</span>)<span class='it'>erie</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>changeling,</span></span> a half-witted person. In Middleton’s play ‘The Changeling’, -the reference is to Antonio, who enters ‘disguised as an idiot’, -A. i, sc. 2. <span class='it'>To play the changeling</span>, to play the fool, Middleton, Anything -for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Mis. Knavesby). See EDD. (s.v. Change. 8).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chank,</span></span> to champ, to eat noisily. Golding, Metam. viii. 292 (fol. 97), -viii. 825 (fol. 105, back).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>channel,</span></span> the neck. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, 1. 3 (Calyphus). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#cannel'>cannel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>channel-bone,</span></span> the collar-bone, clavicle. Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 266; -Holinshed, Chron. iii. 805; Kyd, Soliman, i. 4. 55. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cannel'>cannel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='chapine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chapine,</span></span> a high-heeled shoe. Massinger, Renegado, i. 2 (Donusa); -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song). See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). -Span. <span class='it'>chapin</span>, a woman’s high cork shoes (Minsheu). See <span class='bold'><a href='#choppine'>choppine</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>char, chare,</span></span> car, chariot. Surrey, A Complaint by Night, 4; Sackville, -Induction, st. 7. F. <span class='it'>char</span>, a chariot (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>character,</span></span> handwriting. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 6. 6; Meas. for M. -iv. 2. 208. F. <span class='it'>caractere</span>, a form of writing (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chare,</span></span> chary, careful. Golding, tr. Ovid, Met. xiv. 336 (ed. 1593); -dear, Golding, Calvin on Deut. xxiii. 134.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='chare2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chare, charre,</span></span> a turn of work, an odd job or business. Ant. and Cl. -iv. 15. 75; <span class='it'>Chare</span>, to do a turn of work, esp. in phr. (<span class='it'>This</span>) <span class='it'>char</span>(<span class='it'>re is char’d</span>, -this bit of business is done, Sir Thos. More, iii. 1. 118; Marriage of Wit -and Science, in Hazlitt’s Old Plays, ii. 375; Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce -392); ‘Here’s two chewres chewred’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 2 -(Bobadilla). See EDD. (s.v. Chare, sb.<sup>1</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>cerr</span>, a turn, ‘temporis -spatium’ (B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>charet</span>(<span class='bold'>t,</span></span> a car, chariot. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 32; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Exod. xiv. 6; -2 Kings ix. 16; <span class='it'>charettes</span>, carts, <span class='it'>Gascoigne</span>, Supposes, ii. 1 (Erostrato). -F. <span class='it'>charette</span>, a chariot (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='charm1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>charm,</span></span> the blended sound of harmonious notes, as of music, children’s -voices or song-birds. Milton, P. L. iv. 642; Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 -(Pomona); Bunyan, The Holy War (Temple ed., 293); Udall, Erasmus -(ed. 1548, Luke ii, fol. xxxii a); <span class='it'>charme</span>, to make a melodious sound, -Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 13. ‘Charm’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and -southern counties in the sense of a confused murmuring sound of many -voices, of birds, bees, &c.; see EDD. (s.v. Charm, sb.<sup>1</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#chirm'>chirm</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>charm,</span></span> to control, to silence, as if by a strong charm. Middleton, -A Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Russell). Also, to induce to speak, as by a charm, -Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, ii. 1 (Rhetias).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>charneco, charnico,</span></span> a species of sweet wine. From a village so -called near Lisbon (Steevens). 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 63; <span class='it'>Charnico</span>, Puritan -Widow, iv. 3. 89; Heywood, Maid of West, iii (Wks. ed. 1874, ii. 301). -See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chartel,</span></span> a ‘cartel’, a written challenge. B. Jonson, i. 5 (or 4): -Bobadil. Span. <span class='it'>cartel</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>cartello</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>carta</span>, paper, letter.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chase,</span></span> a hunting-ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 137; Titus, ii. 3. -255; ‘The chase alwaie open and nothing at all inclosed’, Harrison, -Desc. England, ii. 19 (ed. Furnivall, 310). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>chace</span>, a hunting-ground, -a chase (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chatillionte,</span></span> delightful, amusing. Farquhar, Sir H. Wildair, iv. 2 -(Lurewell). F. <span class='it'>chatouillant</span>, pr. pt. of <span class='it'>chatouiller</span>, to tickle, to provoke with -delight (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chauf,</span></span> to chafe, heat, vex. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2; -<span class='it'>chauffed</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 33. OF. <span class='it'>chaufer</span> (F. <span class='it'>chauffer</span>), to warm.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chave,</span></span> for <span class='it'>ich have</span>, I have. Peele, Araygnement of Paris, i. 1 (Pan). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#ch'>ch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='chawne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chawne,</span></span> a gap, fissure. Holland, Pliny, i. 37; to gape open, id. i. -435; to cause to gape open, to rive asunder, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 1 -(Andrugio); ‘<span class='it'>Crevasser</span>, to chop, chawn . . . rive’, Cotgrave. ‘Chawn’ is -in prov. use in the Midlands for a crack in the ground caused by dry -weather, see EDD. (s.v. Chaum). See <span class='bold'><a href='#choane'>choane</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheasell,</span></span> gravel. Turbervile, Epitaph II. on Master Win, st. 5. Cp. -the Chesil Bank (Portland), Chiselhurst, Kent. ME. <span class='it'>chisel</span> or gravel, -‘arena, sabulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 82), OE. <span class='it'>ceosel</span>, <span class='it'>cysel</span>, gravel.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheat,</span></span> wheaten bread of the second quality. Chapman, Batrachom., -3; Drayton, Polyolb. xvi, p. 959; <span class='it'>cheat bread</span>, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -iv. 1 (Chough); Eastward Hoe, v. 1 (Mrs. T.); <span class='it'>cheat loaf</span>, B. Jonson, Masque -of Augurs, vol. vi, p. 123; Corbet, Poetica Stromata (Nares). Bread of -the first quality was called <span class='it'>manchet</span>. See NED. (s.v. Cheat, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cheat2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheat</span></span> (Thieves’ Cant), used in general sense ‘thing’, gen. preceded by -some descriptive word. <span class='it'>The Cheate</span> (= <span class='it'>treyning cheate</span>), the gallows, Winter’s -Tale, iv. 3. 28; <span class='it'>cackling-cheate</span>, the domestic fowl, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, -v. 1 (Prigg); <span class='it'>grunting cheate</span>, a pig (id.); <span class='it'>belly-cheat</span>, an apron, id. ii. 1 -(Higgen). See NED. (s.v. Cheat, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3). See <span class='bold'><a href='#backcheat'>backcheat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheator,</span></span> a cheat. Esp. used of one who lived by cheating at dice; -Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Quadratus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>check</span></span> (in Hawking), a false stoop, when a hawk forsakes her proper -game, and pursues rooks, doves, &c. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 -(Maria); <span class='it'>to fly at check</span>, Dryden, Ann. Mirab. st. 86; <span class='it'>check</span>, base game, -rooks, &c, Drayton, Pol. xx. 217; Turbervile, Falconrie, 110.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>checked,</span></span> chequered, variegated. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 18; Greene, -Friar Bacon, i. 1. 83; spelt <span class='it'>chequed</span>, ‘The chequed, and purple-ringed -daffodillies’, B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>checker-approved,</span></span> approved by one who checks, a controller. Ford, -Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). See NED. (s.v. Checker, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>checklaton,</span></span> a cloth of rich material; ‘A Jacket, quilted richly rare -Upon checklaton’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 43. OF. <span class='it'>chiclaton</span>, also <span class='it'>ciclaton</span> -(Godefroy). The ME. form was <span class='it'>ciclatun</span> (<span class='it'>syklatoun</span>); see Juliana, 8, and -Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1924. See NED. (s.v. Ciclatoun).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chedreux,</span></span> a kind of perruque. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iii. 2 (Sir -Fopling); Oldham, tr. of Juvenal, Sat. iii. 191. From the maker’s name. -Also Shaddrew (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='chequin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chequin,</span></span> an Italian gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Pericles, iv. 2. 28 (<span class='it'>chickeens</span> -in ed. 1608); B. Jonson, Volpone, i (last speech but 8 of Volpone). See -Dict. (s.v. Sequin), and Stanford. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cecchin'>cecchin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cherry,</span></span> to cherish, cheer, delight. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 22. F. <span class='it'>chérir</span>, -to hold dear.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cherry-pit,</span></span> a children’s game, in which cherry-stones were thrown -into a pit or small hole. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 129; Witch of Edmonton, -iii. 1 (Cuddy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cheve1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheve,</span></span> to bring to an end, to finish; ‘I cheve, I bring to an ende, <span class='it'>Je -aschieve</span>’, Palsgrave. OF. <span class='it'>chever</span>, to finish (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheve, chive,</span></span> to befall, happen to. Phr. <span class='it'>foul cheeve him</span>, ill befall -him, Sir A. Cockain, Obstinate Lady, iii. 2; <span class='it'>foul chive him</span>, Beaumont and -Fl., Knight of the Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. Merry Thought).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cheveril,</span></span> kid-leather; used allusively as a type of pliability. Twelfth -Nt. iii. i. 13; B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). ME. <span class='it'>cheverel</span>, ‘ledyr’ -(Prompt.), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cheveril</span> (Rough List), deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>chevre</span>, a goat.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chevin, cheven,</span></span> the chub. Book of St. Albans, fol. F 7, back; Drayton, -Pol. xxvi. 244; ‘<span class='it'>Chevesne</span>, a chevin’, Cotgrave. ‘Cheven’ is a Yorks. -word for the chub (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>chevesne</span>; see Hatzfeld (s.v. Chevanne).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chevisaunce,</span></span> merchandise, gain (in a bad sense). Coverdale, Deut. -xxi. 14. ME. <span class='it'>chevisaunce</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1519). OF. <span class='it'>chevissance</span>, ‘pactum, -transactio, conventio’. Med. L. <span class='it'>chevisantia</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chevisaunce</span></span> (as used by Spenser and his imitators), enterprise, -achievement, expedition on horseback, chivalry, F. Q. ii. 9. 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='che'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>che vor:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>che vor ye</span>. The meaning seems to be ‘I warrant you’, -King Lear, iv. 6. 246, but the relationship or etymology of the word <span class='it'>vor</span> has -not yet been discovered; nothing like it is known to exist in prov. use. -<span class='it'>Che vore ’un</span>, (?) I warrant him, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). <span class='it'>Cha -vore thee</span> is found in The Contention between Liberality and Prodigality, ii. 3 -(Tenacity), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 345, ‘What will you give me? Cha -vore thee, son . . . Chill give thee a vair piece of three half-pence’. (Here, -<span class='it'>cha vore thee</span> may be West dialect for ‘I have for thee.’)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chewet, chewit,</span></span> a chough, <span class='it'>fig.</span> a chatterer. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 29. F. -<span class='it'>chouette</span>, a chough, jackdaw (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chewet,</span></span> a dish of meat or fish, chopped fine and mixed with spices and -fruits. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Francisca).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chewre,</span></span> a turn of work; see <span class='bold'><a href='#chare2'>chare</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cheyney;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Philip2'>Philip</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='chiarlatan'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiarlatan,</span></span> a mountebank or Cheap Jack who descants volubly to a -<span class='it'>crowd</span>. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 971; <span class='it'>ciarlitani</span>, pl., B. Jonson, Volpone, -ii. 1 (Volpone, Speech, 3). Ital. <span class='it'>ciarlatano</span>, a babbler, mountebank, fr. <span class='it'>ciarlare</span>, -to babble; whence F. <span class='it'>charlatan</span>, ‘a pratling quack-salver’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiaus</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> a Turkish messenger, sergeant, or lictor. Massinger, Renegado, -iii. 4; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 2. 25. Turkish <span class='it'>chāush</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiause, chouse,</span></span> one easily cheated, a dupe, gull. Newcastle, The -Variety, in Dramatis Personae (‘A country Chiause’). [Cp. Johnson’s Dict., -A <span class='it'>chouse</span>, a man fit to be cheated.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiause, chowse,</span></span> <span class='it'>v.</span>, to chouse, to cheat. ‘Chiaus’d by a scholar!’, -Shirley, Honoria, ii. 3 (Conquest); ‘And sows of sucking-pigs are <span class='it'>chowsed</span>’, -Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 114, also l. 1010.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chibbal,</span></span> a young onion with the green stalk attached, Fletcher, Bonduca, -i. 2 (Petillius); <span class='it'>chibal</span>, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (2 Gipsy). -‘Chibbal’ (‘chibble’) is in gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south-west -country, see EDD. (s.v. Chibbole). ME. <span class='it'>chibolle</span> (P. Plowman, B. vi. 296). -OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>chibole</span> (F. <span class='it'>ciboule</span>); L. <span class='it'>cepulla</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>cepa</span>, onion.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chibrit,</span></span> sulphur. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt <span class='it'>kibrit</span> -(NED.). Arab. <span class='it'>kibrīt</span>, sulphur; cp. Heb. <span class='it'>gophrīth</span>, Aramaic, <span class='it'>kubrīth</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiches,</span></span> chick-peas. B. Jonson, tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry (L. <span class='it'>ciceris</span>, -l. 249); spelt <span class='it'>chittes</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, iv. 10; Udall, Apoph., -Diogenes, 47. F. <span class='it'>chiches</span>, ‘sheeps-cich-peason, chiches’ (Cotgr.); OF. <span class='it'>chiche</span> -(Roman. Rose, 6911).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chiefrie,</span></span> the payment of rent or dues to an Irish chief. Spenser, View -of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 663).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chievance,</span></span> raising of money. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 64). -F. ‘<span class='it'>chevance</span>, wealth, substance, riches’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>child:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to be with child</span>, used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, to be full of expectation. -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); also, to long after, desire -vehemently, id., Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Viola).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Child Rowland,</span></span> a young knight; with reference to a scrap of an old -ballad. King Lear, iii. 4. 187; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chilis,</span></span> a large vein. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2. 4 (where it is -equated to <span class='it'>vena cava</span>). Dyce’s note says—‘Out of the gibbosyte . . . of the -liuer there issueth a veyne called <span class='it'>concava</span> or <span class='it'>chilis</span>’, Traheron, Vigo’s -Workes of Chirurgerie, 1571, fol. ix. Gk. φλὲψ κοίλη, <span class='it'>vena cava</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chill;</span></span> as in <span class='it'>I chill</span>, for <span class='it'>Ich ’ill</span>, I will. ‘Tell you I <span class='it'>chyll</span>’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, -1. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ch'>ch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>china-house,</span></span> a china-shop. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chinchard,</span></span> a niggard, miser. Spelt <span class='it'>chyncherde</span>, Skelton, Magnyfycence, -2517. ME. <span class='it'>chinche</span>, a niggard (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2793); Norm. F. <span class='it'>chinche</span>, -‘mesquin avare’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chinclout,</span></span> a muffler covering the lower part of the face. Middleton, -A Mad World, iii. 3 (Follywit). Cp. <span class='it'>muffler</span> in Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chine,</span></span> to divide or break the back of. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 13. Beaumont -and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3. 6; ‘<span class='it'>Eschiner</span> (<span class='it'>échiner</span>), to chine, -to break the back of’, Cotgrave. In everyday use in Suffolk (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chink,</span></span> a bed-bug. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess). Also -spelt <span class='it'>chinch</span>. Span. <span class='it'>chinche</span>, a bug; L. <span class='it'>cimex</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chink,</span></span> a piece of money. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chire,</span></span> a slender blade of grass, a sprout. Spelt <span class='it'>chyer</span>, Drayton, Harmony, -Song Solomon, ch. ii, l. 3. ME. <span class='it'>chire</span>, ‘genimen’ (Cath. Angl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='chirm'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chirm,</span></span> a confused noise, the mingled din or noise of many birds or -voices. Spelt <span class='it'>chyrme</span>, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 5; <span class='it'>churm</span>, Bacon, -Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 170). See <span class='bold'><a href='#charm1'>charm</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chirr,</span></span> to chirp like a grasshopper; ‘The chirring grasshopper’, Herrick, -Oberon’s Feast, 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chitterling,</span></span> a frill, ruff; esp. the frill down the breast of a shirt. Like -Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 310; Gascoigne, Delic Diet Droonkardes -(NED.). For examples of prov. use see EDD. (s.v. 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chitterlings,</span></span> the smaller intestines of the pig, &c., esp. when fried or -boiled. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Fustigo); Butler, Hudibras, i. -2. 120. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chitty-face,</span></span> one who has a thin pinched face; used as a term of contempt; -‘You half-fac’d groat, you thin-cheek’d chitty-face’, Munday, Downfall -of E. of Huntingdon, v. 1 (Jailer), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 188; Massinger, -Virgin Martyr, i. 2 (Spungius); ‘Chittiface, <span class='it'>puellulus</span>, <span class='it'>improbulus</span>’, -Coles, Dict. (1679); ‘A chittiface, proprie est facies parva et exigua’, Minsheu, -Ductor (1617). OF. <span class='it'>chiche-face</span> (<span class='it'>chiche-fache</span>), lean face (Godefroy). The -word occurs in Rabelais, i. 183 (ed. Jaunet). From this word comes the -perverted form <span class='it'>chichevache</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1188), the name of a fabulous -monster said to feed on patient wives.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chival,</span></span> a horse; ‘Upon the captive chivals’ (in captivis equis), Turbervile, -Ovid’s Ep., 148 b; Mucedorus, Induction, 29, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -vii. 204; but here <span class='it'>chival</span> may be for <span class='it'>’chieval</span>, <span class='it'>achieval</span>, achievement.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chive, cive,</span></span> a small kind of onion or garlic; ‘<span class='it'>Escurs</span>, the little sallad -herb called <span class='it'>Cives</span> or <span class='it'>Chives</span>’, Cotgrave. F. <span class='it'>cive</span> (North F. <span class='it'>chive</span>), onion; L. -<span class='it'>cepa</span>, onion.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chive;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cheve1'>cheve</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='choane'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>choane,</span></span> a cleft, rift, fissure; ‘<span class='it'>Fendasse</span>, a cleft, choane’, Cotgrave. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#chawne'>chawne</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>choke-pear,</span></span> a rough, harsh pear; also, something impossible to -swallow or get over. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 321); Mydas, iv. 3 -(end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>choplogic,</span></span> a contentious, sophistical arguer. Awdelay, Fratern. of -Vacabondes, p. 15. Shortened to <span class='it'>choploge</span>; ‘Choploges or greate pratlers’, -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; Roister Doister, iii. 2 (Merygreek).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='choppine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>choppine,</span></span> a kind of shoe raised above the ground by means of a cork -sole or the like. Hamlet, ii. 2. 445; ‘<span class='it'>Pianelloni</span>, great pattins or choppins’, -Florio; ‘Corke shooes, chopines’, Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Tissefew). -See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). See <span class='bold'><a href='#chapine'>chapine</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chreokopia,</span></span> a cancelling of debts, or of a part of a debt. Massinger, -Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. χρεωκοπία, a cutting off of debt.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Christ-cross'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Christ-cross, Chriss-cross, Crisscross,</span></span> a cross (<span style='font-size:larger'>✠</span>) placed at the -beginning of the alphabet in a horn-book. Hence, <span class='it'>Christcross-row</span>, the -alphabet, Two Angry Women, v. 1 (Mall); shortened to <span class='it'>cross-row</span>, -Richard III, i. 1. 55. A similar cross was sometimes used (instead of -XII) to mark noon on a clock or dial; hence ‘the Chrisse-crosse of -Noone’, Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 85; see Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Christ-tide,</span></span> Christmas. A term for Christmas, used by Puritans, to -avoid the use of the word <span class='it'>mass</span>. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Ananias) -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chrysopoeia,</span></span> the making of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). -Gk. χρυσοποιία.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chrysosperm,</span></span> seed of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Gk. -χρυσός, gold + σπέρμα, seed.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chuck,</span></span> darling; a term of endearment. Hen. V, iii. 2. 20; Macbeth, -iii. 2. 45; ‘His <span class='it'>chuck</span>, that is, his wife’, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 68 -(ed. Arber, p. 94). See EDD. (s.v. Chuck, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>chuff,</span></span> a rustic, a clown. Generally applied opprobriously to any -person disliked, esp. a rude coarse fellow. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 93; a churlish -miser, Nashe, P. Pennilesse (NED.); Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 1 -(Medina). In prov. use in the sense of surly, ill-tempered, see EDD. -(s.v. Chuff, adj.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>choffe</span> or <span class='it'>chuffe</span>, ‘rusticus’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>church-book,</span></span> (1) the Bible; (2) the parish register. Both senses are -quibbled upon; Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (1 Lawyer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ciarlitani;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#chiarlatan'>chiarlatan</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cibation,</span></span> a process in alchemy; lit. ‘a feeding’. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1 (Dol). From L. <span class='it'>cibus</span>, food.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cinoper,</span></span> ‘cinnabar’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). Cp. MHG. -<span class='it'>zinober</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cinque-pace,</span></span> a kind of lively dance. Much Ado, ii. 1. 77. F. <span class='it'>cinq -pas</span>, lit. five paces; Littré gives <span class='it'>cinq pas et trois visages</span> (five paces, three -faces) as the name of an old French dance.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cioppino'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cioppino,</span></span> a ‘chopine’. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Hedon). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#choppine'>choppine</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>circling:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>a circling boy</span>, i.e. a kind of <span class='it'>roarer</span>, one who circumvented -and cheated his dupes. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 2 (Edgworth). See -Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>circular,</span></span> going round-about, indirect. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -ii. 2 (Physician).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>circumstance,</span></span> detailed and circuitous narration; details, particulars; -‘Without circumstance’, i.e. without further details, Romeo, v. 3. 181; -ceremony, formality, ‘Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war’, -Othello, iii. 3. 355.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>citronise,</span></span> to bring to the colour of citron; a process in alchemy. -B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cittern-headed,</span></span> ugly; because the head of the cittern (a kind of -guitar) was often grotesquely carved to resemble a human head. Ford, -Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). The citterns were mostly found in barbers’ -shops.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>city-wires</span></span> (?); ‘His cates . . . Be fit for ladies: some for lords, -knights, ’squires; Some for your waiting-wench, and city-wires’, B. Jonson, -Epicoene (Prologue).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>civil,</span></span> sober, grave, not gay; said of colour. Romeo, iii. 2. 10; Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Maria); ‘civil-suited Morn’, Milton, Il Pens., -122.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='clack-dish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clack-dish,</span></span> a wooden dish with a lid, carried and clacked by beggars -as an appeal for contributions. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 2 (Gerardine). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#clapdish'>clapdish</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clad,</span></span> to clothe. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 4; Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce -p. 602.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cladder,</span></span> a man of loose and vicious manners. (Cant.) ‘<span class='it'>Cladders</span>? -Yes, catholic lovers’, Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Bright and Aurelia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clair-voyant,</span></span> clear-sighted, having good insight. <span class='it'>Clara voyant</span>, Buckingham, -The Rehearsal, iii. 1 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clamper up,</span></span> to gather up together hastily. Ascham, Toxophilus, -(ed. Arber, 83). [Sir W. Scott uses the expression ‘to <span class='it'>clamper up</span> a story’, -in a letter to Joanna Baillie (Feb. 10, 1822).]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clap,</span></span> a sudden stroke of misfortune; a touch of disrepute. B. Jonson, -Alchem. iv. 4. 3; <span class='it'>to catch a clap</span>, to meet with a mischance, Heywood, -Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 1 (Wise Woman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='clapdish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clapdish,</span></span> a wooden dish for alms with a cover that shut with a clapping -noise, used by lepers and other mendicants. Massinger, Parl. of -Love, ii. 2 (Leonora); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#clack-dish'>clack-dish</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clapper,</span></span> a rabbit-burrow. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 25; ‘As a cony . . . -in his <span class='it'>claper</span>’, Fabyan, Chron. pt. vii, an. 1294-5 (p. 395). ‘<span class='it'>Clapier</span>, a -clapper of conies’, Cotgrave. A Dorset word for a rabbit-hole (EDD.). -O. Prov. <span class='it'>clapier</span>, ‘garenne privée’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clapperclaw,</span></span> to beat, to maul. Merry Wives, ii. 3. 67; Tr. and Cr. v. -4. 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, and in Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clapperdudgeon,</span></span> a cant name for a beggar; a term of reproach. -B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. sen.); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. i. -4; Greene, George-a-Greene (l. 909), ed. Dyce, p. 265, col. 1; Harman, -Caveat, p. 44. Cp. <span class='it'>clapper</span>, the lid of a beggar’s clap-dish; <span class='it'>dudgeon</span> was -the name of a kind of wood for making handles of knives, &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clarissimo,</span></span> a grandee. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. 6. A Span. -word, lit. most illustrious.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clary, clare,</span></span> a pot-herb, the <span class='it'>Salvia Sclarea</span>, supposed to be good for the -eyes, and so by pop. etym. often spelt <span class='it'>Cleare-eie</span>, <span class='it'>Clear-eye</span>; ‘Spirits of clare -to bathe our temples in’, Davenant, The Wits, v (Thwack); spelt <span class='it'>clary</span>, -‘Clary quasi Clear Eye’, W. Coles, Adam in Eden, xxiii. 47. See NED. -(s.v. Clary, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clary,</span></span> a sweet liquor made of wine, clarified honey, and spices. Congreve, -Way of World, iv. 5 (Mirabell); Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iii. 1 -(Lord Rake). ME. <span class='it'>clarree</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1471). OF. <span class='it'>claré</span>, that which -is cleared or clarified, see NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>classhe.</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#closh'>closh</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>claw,</span></span> to stroke; hence, to flatter. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 186; Marston, -Antonio, Pt. II, i. 1 (Piero); Much Ado, i. 3. 18. Phr. <span class='it'>claw me, I’ll claw -thee</span>, ‘We saye, clawe me, clawe thee’, Tyndal, Expos. John (ed. 1537, 72), -see NED.; <span class='it'>to claw the back</span>, to flatter, Hall, Sat. i. prol. 11. ‘Claw’ means -to flatter in Leic. and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clawback,</span></span> one who strokes the back; a flatterer; ‘These flattering -clawbackes’, Latimer, 2 Sermon bef. King, p. 64; Mirror for Mag., -Iago, st. 6; ‘<span class='it'>Blandisseur</span>, a flattering sycophant or clawback’, Cotgrave. -So in north Yorks. and Leic., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. 10 (b)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clear,</span></span> very drunk. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond -Senior).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cleave the pin;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pin2'>pin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cleaze;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#clee'>clee</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='clee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clee,</span></span> a claw; ‘<span class='it'>Pied d’un cancre</span>, the clee or claw of a crab’, Cotgrave; -‘The clee of a bittor’, Turbervile, Falconrie, 349; <span class='it'>cleaze</span> pl., Phaer, tr. -Aeneid, viii. 209; Studley, Seneca’s Hercules, 206 b (NED.). See EDD. -(s.v. Clee). ME. <span class='it'>cle</span>, ‘ungula’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>clēa</span>. Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#cleye'>cleye</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cleeves,</span></span> cliffs; ‘Dover’s neighbouring cleeves’, Drayton, Pol. xviii; -Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 62. ME. <span class='it'>clefe</span> of an hyll, ‘declivum’ (Prompt.). -Due to OE. <span class='it'>cleofu</span>, the plural form, or to <span class='it'>cleofe</span>, the dat. of <span class='it'>clif</span>. ‘Cleeve’ is -very common in place-names in the west of England: Cleeve (Clyffe -Pypard) in Wilts.; Church Cleves in Dorset; Old Cleeve, Huish Cleeve, -Bitter Cleeve in Somerset.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clem,</span></span> to starve for want of food. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, -iii. 1 (Shift); Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). To ‘clem’ (or to ‘clam’) is the -ordinary word for starving in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Clam, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). The lit. meaning of <span class='it'>clam</span> (<span class='it'>clem</span>) is ‘to pinch’, still used in -this sense in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Clam, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1. Cp. Dan. -<span class='it'>klemme</span>, Sw. <span class='it'>klämma</span>, to pinch.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='clench'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clench, clinch,</span></span> a pun. Dryden, Mac Flecknoe, 83; Prologue to -Tr. and Cr. (1679), 27.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clenchpoop,</span></span> a lout, a clown; a term of contempt. Warner, Albion’s -England; bk. vi, ch. xxxi, st. 22; <span class='it'>clinchpoop</span>, or <span class='it'>clenchpoop</span>, Three Ladies of -London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 256.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='clepe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clepe,</span></span> to call. L. L. L. v. 1. 24; Hamlet, i. 4. 19. The pp. is spelt <span class='it'>cleeped</span> -in Chapman, Gent. Usher, ii. 1 (Pogio); the usual form is the archaic -<span class='it'>y-clept</span>, spelt <span class='it'>y-clep’d</span> in Milton, L’Allegro, 12. OE. <span class='it'>clipian</span>, <span class='it'>cleopian</span>, to call; -pp. <span class='it'>ge-cleopod</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clergion,</span></span> a young songster, <span class='it'>fig.</span> of birds. Surrey, Description Restless -State, 22; Poems, 72; in Tottel’s Misc. 231. ME. <span class='it'>clergeon</span>, a chorister (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1693). F. <span class='it'>clergeon</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clergy,</span></span> clerkly skill, learning. Proverb, ‘An Ounce of Mother-Wit is -worth a Pound of Clergy (or Book-learning)’, see NED.; Middleton, Family -of Love, iii. 3 (Purge). The privilege of exemption from sentence which -might be pleaded by every one who could read; ‘Stand to your clergy, -uncle, save your life’, Munday, Death Huntington, i. 3, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -viii. 244. <span class='it'>Clergy of belly</span>, respite claimed by a pregnant woman. Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 1. 884. ME. <span class='it'>clergy</span>: ‘Lewdnesse of clergy, <span class='it'>illiteratura</span>’ (Prompt. -EETS., 261).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cleye'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cleye,</span></span> a claw. Marlowe, tr. Lucan, bk. i, l. 36 from end; B. Jonson, -Underwoods, Eupheme, ix. 18; ‘The cleyes of a lobster’, Skinner (1671). -‘Cley’ is an E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Clee). ME. <span class='it'>cley</span> of a beast, -‘ungula’ (Prompt. EETS., 85, see note, no. 383). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#clee'>clee</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clicket,</span></span> to be <span class='it'>maris appetens</span>, to copulate. Massinger, Picture, iii. 4 -(Eubulus); Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius); Tusser, -Husbandry, § 77. 9. As a hunting term, it had reference to the fox and -the wolf; see Turbervile, Hunting, c. 66, p. 186; c. 75, p. 205.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cliffe,</span></span> a clef, key, in music. Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 11; Gascoigne, Steel -Glas, 1. 159. F. <span class='it'>clef</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clift,</span></span> a cliff. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 79; p. 90, col. 1; <span class='it'>clifte</span>, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 7. 23. The E. Anglian form (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clighte;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#clitch'>clitch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Clim of the Clough,</span></span> a proverbially famous archer. Clement of the -Glen, in the ballad of Adam Bell. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. Hazlitt, i. 72; -B. Jonson, Alchemist, i (Face). <span class='it'>Clem a Clough</span>, Drayton, Pastorals, vi. 36.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clinch;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#clench'>clench</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cling,</span></span> to cause to shrink, shrivel; ‘Till famine cling thee’, Macbeth, -v. 5. 40. Cp. prov. use in Ireland and in the north of England, where the -word means to wither, contract, also, of cattle, to become thin from want -of proper food, see EDD. (s.v. Cling, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4). ME. <span class='it'>clyngyn</span>, to shrink, to -shrivel (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>clingan</span>, ‘marcere’ (Ælfric).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clip,</span></span> to embrace. Wint. Tale, v. 2. 59; Coriolanus, i. 6. 29; iv. 5. 115. -Still in use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>clippen</span> (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. lii. 1344). OE. <span class='it'>clyppan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clip,</span></span> to go fast, to run swiftly. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 86. A Suffolk -use; see EDD. (s.v. Clip, vb.<sup>2</sup> 11).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clipped,</span></span> uttered aloud; ‘Thy clipped name’, Middleton, The Witch, -ii. 2 (near the end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#clepe'>clepe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clips, clyps,</span></span> ‘eclipse’. Berners, tr. of Froissart, ch. 130. Common -in the north (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>Clypps</span> of þe son or þe mone, ‘eclipsis’ -(Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='clitch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clitch,</span></span> to bend, clench (the fist). Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 145 -(NED.); <span class='it'>clighte</span>, pp., Bossewell, Armorie, ii. 119<sup>b</sup>. Cp. the west country -<span class='it'>clitch</span>, to grasp tightly (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>clycchan</span>, pp. <span class='it'>geclyht</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clogdogdo,</span></span> a term of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. 1 (Otter). -A nonce-word.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>close fight,</span></span> a sea term; a kind of screen used in a naval engagement. -Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fights'>fights</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='closh'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>closh, clash,</span></span> the name of an old game, played with a ball or bowl. -Spelt <span class='it'>claisshe</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 8. See Cowell’s -Interpreter and Strutt’s Sports. <span class='it'>Closh</span> was orig. the name of the bowl. -Du. <span class='it'>klos</span>, a wooden Boule (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>closure,</span></span> bound, limit, circuit. Richard III, iii. 3. 11; an entrenchment, -fortress, Greene, Looking Glasse (ed. 1861, p. 123); Surrey, tr. -Aeneid, ii. 296. OF. <span class='it'>closure</span>, confine, limits (Dialoge Greg., 74); Late -L. <span class='it'>clausura</span>, a castle, fort (Justinian).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clote,</span></span> the yellow water-lily; <span class='it'>Nuphar lutea</span>. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, -ii. 2. 12. Still in use in the south-west of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Clote, (1)). OE. <span class='it'>clāte</span>, which was the name of various plants resembling -the burdock, see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='clottered'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clottered,</span></span> clotted. Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 14; <span class='it'>‘Congrée</span>, -congealed, clottered’, Cotgrave. Du. <span class='it'>kloteren</span>, or <span class='it'>klonteren</span>, ‘to curdle or -growe thick as milke doth’ (Hexham). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cluttered'>cluttered</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clout,</span></span> a piece of cloth or linen, a rag. Hamlet, ii. 2. 537; Richard III, -i. 3. 177; hence, <span class='it'>clouted</span>, patched, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Joshua ix. 5. In prov. use, esp. -in the north, see EDD. (s.v. Clout, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clout,</span></span> a square piece of canvas, which formed the mark to be aimed -at, at the archery butts, L. L. L. iv. 1. 138; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clout,</span></span> to cuff heavily, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Sam. xxii. 39; <span class='it'>clouted</span>, pp. hit, Beaumont -and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, iii. 7. 1. In gen. vulgar use, see EDD. (s.v. -Clout, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clouted;</span></span> of cream: clotted, by scalding milk. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Nov., 99; Borde, Dyetarie, 267. A Devon word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clowre,</span></span> grassy surface, turf. In pl. <span class='it'>clowres</span>; Golding, Metam. iv. 301. -(L. <span class='it'>cespite</span>); viii. 756 (L. <span class='it'>terram</span>). ME. <span class='it'>clowre</span>, grassy ground (Lydgate).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cloy,</span></span> to prick a horse with a nail in shoeing; ‘I cloye a horse, I drive -a nayle in to the quycke of his foote, <span class='it'>jencloue</span>’, Palsgrave; to pierce as -with a nail, to gore, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 48; to spike a gun, Beaumont -and Fl., The False One, v. 4 (Photinus). OF. <span class='it'>cloyer</span> (F. <span class='it'>clouer</span>), to nail, -deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>clo</span> (F. <span class='it'>clou</span>), a nail.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cloyer,</span></span> a pick-pocket’s accomplice. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Moll). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cloyne,</span></span> a clown, rustic. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 44. The word -<span class='it'>clown</span> (<span class='it'>cloyne</span>) was a late introduction from some Low German source, -originally meaning ‘clod, lump’, see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cloyne, cloine,</span></span> to act deceitfully or fraudulently. Bale, Sel. Wks. -(ed. 1849, p. 170 (NED.)); to take furtively, to steal away, Phaer, tr. -Aeneid, vi. 524; vii. 364. Probably the same word as OF. <span class='it'>cluigner</span>, <span class='it'>clugner</span>, -<span class='it'>cluyner</span> (F. <span class='it'>cligner</span>), to wink, often as the expression of secret understanding, -cunning, or hypocrisy. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>club,</span></span> a country fellow; ‘Homely and playn clubbes of the countrey’, -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 14; ‘Hertfordshire clubs and clouted -shoon’, Ray, Eng. Proverbs, 310. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>clubbyd</span>, ‘rudis’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clubfist,</span></span> a thick-fisted ruffian. Mirror for Magistrates, Sabrine, st. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clubs!</span></span> A popular cry to call out the London apprentices, who had -clubs for their weapons; also, a cry to call out citizens; as in Romeo, -i. 1. 80. There are frequent allusions to this cry; ‘Cry <span class='it'>clubs</span> for prentices’, -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 (All).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clunch,</span></span> a clodhopper; ‘<span class='it'>Casois</span>, a countrey clown, boore, clunch, hinde’, -Cotgrave. In prov. use in Cumberland, Lancashire, and E. Yorks. (EDD.). -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clunch,</span></span> to clench; ‘His fist is clunched’, Earle, Microcosmographie, -§ 20; ed. Arber, p. 41.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>clunged,</span></span> drawn together by the action of cold; ‘By the Northern -winds . . . clunged and congealed withall’, Holland, Pliny, i. 513; ‘The -Earth made clunged with the cold of winter’, B. Googe, Heresbach’s Husb. -(NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cluttered'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cluttered,</span></span> clotted. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Alberto); ‘<span class='it'>Engrommelé</span>, -clotted, cluttered, curded thick’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Cheshire -and Shropshire (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#clottered'>clottered</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cly</span></span> (thieves’ cant), to seize, take; to steal (NED.). Phr. <span class='it'>to cly the -Jerk</span>, to be whipped, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman); -Harman, Caveat, p. 84. In Lower Rhenish dialect <span class='it'>klauen</span> (<span class='it'>kläuen</span>, <span class='it'>kleuen</span>) -is used in the sense of ‘steal’. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coals'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coals:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to carry coals</span>, to be very servile, to submit to insults. -Romeo, i. 1. 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#colcarrier'>colcarrier</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coal-sleck,</span></span> coal-dust. Drayton, Pol. iii. 280. Cp. prov. E. <span class='it'>sleck</span>, slack, -small coal.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coart,</span></span> to confine, restrain; ‘Streatly coarted’, Skelton, Why come ye -not, 438; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 138. L. <span class='it'>co-arctare</span>, to compress, from -<span class='it'>arctus</span>, close.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coast1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coast, cost</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> the side. Spenser, M. Hubberd, 294; the border, -frontier of a country, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Mark vii. 31; Judges i. 18; phr. <span class='it'>on even coast</span>, -on even terms, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 17. OF. <span class='it'>coste</span> (F. <span class='it'>côte</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coast2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coast,</span></span> to keep by the side of a person moving. Fletcher and Rowley, -Maid Mill, i. 1; to march on the flank of, Berners, Froissart, i. 40. 55; -to move in a roundabout course, <span class='it'>fig.</span> Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 38; to skirt, -Milton, P. L. iv. 782; spelt <span class='it'>cost</span>, to approach, Spenser, Daphnaida, st. 6; -Venus and Adonis, 870.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coat;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cote1'>cote</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coat-card,</span></span> a playing card bearing a ‘coated’ figure (king, queen, or -knave). In regular use till the Revolution, 1688; afterwards perverted -into <span class='it'>Court-card</span>. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Madrigal). Also, <span class='it'>coat</span>, -Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Cook); B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coath'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coath,</span></span> to faint, to swoon away. Skinner, 1671 (a Lincoln word); ‘To -coath (swoon away), <span class='it'>Animo linqui, deficere</span>’, Coles, 1679. ‘Coath’ is still -used in this sense in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>cothe</span>, or swownyng, ‘sincopa’ -(Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>coðu</span>, disease; cp. <span class='it'>coe</span>, a word for a disease of sheep, cattle -in W. Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coe, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). See <span class='bold'><a href='#quoth'>quoth</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cob,</span></span> the head of a red herring. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. (Wks., -1873, ii. 147); ‘A herring cob, <span class='it'>la teste d’un harang sor</span>’, Sherwood.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cob, cobbe,</span></span> a wealthy man; a miser; ‘Ryche cobbes’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 149; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, ii. 27 (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cobbe,</span></span> a male swan; ‘The hee swanne is called the cobbe, and the -she-swanne the penne’, Best, Farm. Bks. (ed. 1856, p. 122). Hence -<span class='it'>cob-swan</span>, B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia). ‘Cob’ is still in use in -Norfolk (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockal</span>(<span class='bold'>l,</span></span> a knucklebone of a sheep, with which boys played ‘knucklebones’. -Herrick, The Temple, 59; the game played, Cotgrave (s.v. <span class='it'>Tales</span>). -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockall,</span></span> a paragon, a pattern, of supreme excellence; ‘He was the -very cockall of a husband’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockatrice,</span></span> a name for the basilisk, a serpent supposed to kill by its -mere glance, and to be hatched from a cock’s egg. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah lix. 5; -Romeo, iii. 2. 47; applied to a woman of loose life, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Rev. iv. 1; Killigrew’s Pandora (Nares). Orig. a name for the crocodile. -OF. <span class='it'>caucatris</span> (<span class='it'>cocatris</span>), crocodile; Med. L. <span class='it'>caucatrices</span>, ‘crocodili’ (Ducange); -cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>calcatris</span>, crocodile (Levy). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cock-a-two,</span></span> cock of two, a cock that has conquered two, a conqueror -of two. Little French Lawyer, ii. 3 (La Writ). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockers,</span></span> leggings, gaiters. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of -Dowsabel, l. 59. In prov. use from the north country to the W. Midlands -and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>cokeres</span> (P. Plowman, C. Text, ix. 59). Probably -the same word as OE. <span class='it'>cocor</span>, a quiver.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocket,</span></span> a ship’s certificate that goods for export had paid duty. -Gascoigne, Steel Glas, ll. 258, 1058. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cokette</span>, app. the seal with -which the certificate was assured (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocket,</span></span> pert, saucy, stuck up. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 5 (song); -Coles Dict. 1677. In prov. use from north country to the W. Midlands, -meaning ‘pert, saucy’, also, ‘brisk, merry, lively’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockledemois,</span></span> pl. (perhaps) a natural product of some kind representing -money. Chapman, Mask of the Middle Temple, § 2. (Not found elsewhere, -except as Cockledemoy, the name of a knave in Marston’s Dutch -Courtezan). Dr. H. Bradley suggests that this word may represent Port. -<span class='it'>coquílho de moeda</span>; <span class='it'>coquílho</span>, fruit of an Indian palm; <span class='it'>moeda</span>, money.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cockloche'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockloche,</span></span> a term of reproach or contempt, a mean fellow, a silly -coxcomb. Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Clare); spelt <span class='it'>cocoloch</span>, Beaumont -and Fl., Four Plays in One, Triumph of Honour, sc. 1 (Nicodemus). F. -<span class='it'>coqueluche</span>, a hood, also a person who is all the vogue. See Dict. de l’Acad. -(1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Cock'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cock Lorel,</span></span> the name of the owner and captain of the boat containing -jovial reprobates of all trades in a sarcastic poem, Cocke Lorelles Bote, -printed <span class='it'>c.</span> 1515; used also allusively with the sense of ‘rogue’; ‘Here is -fyrst, Cocke Lorell the Knyght’ (ed. 1843, p. 4); ‘Cock-Lorrell would -needs have the Devill his guest’, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (Song). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#lorel'>Lorel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockney,</span></span> (1) a cockered child, a child tenderly brought up, hence (2) -a squeamish, foppish, effeminate fellow. (1) Tusser, Husbandry, 183; -Baret, Alvearie, C. 729; (2) Twelfth Nt. iv. 1. 15; a squeamish woman, -King Lear, ii. 4. 123. ME. <span class='it'>cokenay</span>, an effeminate person (Chaucer, C. T. -<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4208); <span class='it'>coknay</span>, ‘delicius’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockqueene;</span></span> the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#cuckquean'>cuckquean</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cockshut'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cockshut time,</span></span> twilight. Richard III, v. 3. 70. The twilight, or dim -light in which woodcocks could most easily be caught in <span class='it'>cockshuts</span>. A <span class='it'>cockshut</span>, -or <span class='it'>cockshoot</span>, was a broadway or glade in a wood, through which woodcocks -might dart or <span class='it'>shoot</span>, and in which they might be caught with nets; -see EDD. ‘A fine <span class='it'>cock-shoot</span> evening’, Middleton, The Widow, iii. 1. 6; -cp. Arden of Feversham, iii. 2. 47.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocksure,</span></span> absolutely secure. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Court, -279; Conflict of Conscience, iii. 3. 1 (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 67); with -absolute security, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocoloch;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cockloche'>cockloche</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cocted,</span></span> boiled. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. <span class='it'>coctus</span>, pp. of -<span class='it'>coquere</span>, to cook.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cod,</span></span> a bag, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 2 (Corin); a civet-bag, musk-bag, B. Jonson, -Epigrams, xix; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). OE. <span class='it'>codd</span>, -a bag.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coddle,</span></span> to parboil, to stew; ‘To codle, <span class='it'>coctillo</span>’, Coles, Dict. 1679; -‘I’ll have you coddled’ (alluding to ‘Prince Pippin’), Beaumont and Fl., -Philaster, v. 4. 31. See Dict. In prov. use in various parts of England, -see EDD. (s.v. Coddle, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>codes!, coads-nigs!, cuds me!,</span></span> ejaculations of surprise, no doubt -orig. profane. <span class='it'>Codes! Codes!</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, i. 2 -(Diagoras). <span class='it'>Coads-nigs!,</span> Middleton, Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Freedom); <span class='it'>Cuds -me</span>, ib. (Lucre).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cod’s-head,</span></span> a stupid fellow, a blockhead. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, -v. 2 (Cat. Bountinall). In prov. use in Derbysh. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coffin,</span></span> pie-crust, raised crust of a pie. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. -1 (Pennyboy sen.); Titus And. v. 2. 189. So in prov. use in Lincolnsh. -and Hertfordsh., see EDD. (s.v. Coffin, 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coft</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> bought. Mirror for Magistrates, Clarence, st. 49; Dalrymple, -Leslie’s Hist. Scotland (NED.). M. Dutch <span class='it'>coft</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, pret., and <span class='it'>gecoft</span> -(mod. <span class='it'>gecocht</span>), pp. of <span class='it'>copen</span>, to buy (Verdam); cp. G. <span class='it'>kaufen</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cog'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cog,</span></span> to cheat, deceive, Much Ado, v. 1. 95; to employ feigned flattery, -to fawn. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 76; Richard III, i. 3. 48. Still in use in -Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Cog, vb.<sup>4</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cogge,</span></span> a kind of ship; chiefly, a ship for transport. Morte Arthur, -leaf 82, back, 30; bk. v, c. 3; <span class='it'>cogg</span>, a cock-boat, Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, -xiv. 58. OF. <span class='it'>cogue</span> (Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coggle,</span></span> <span class='it'>to coggle in</span>, to flatter continually. Jacob and Esau, ii. 3 (Mido). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#cog'>cog</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cohobation,</span></span> a process in alchemy; a repeated distillation. B. Jonson, -Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coil, coyle,</span></span> to beat, thrash; ‘I shall coil them’, Jacob and Esau, v. 4 -(near the end); Roister Doister, iii. 3, l. 7 from end; ‘I coyle ones kote, -I beate hym, <span class='it'>je bastonne</span>,’ Palsgrave. Hence <span class='it'>coiling</span>, a beating, Udall, tr. -Apoph., Socrates, § 15. ‘Coil’ has still this meaning in Northumberland, -see EDD. (s.v. Coil, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cointree,</span></span> Coventry. <span class='it'>Cointree blue</span>, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad -of Dowsabel, l. 63.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coistered;</span></span> ‘There were those at that time who, to try the strength -of a man’s back and his arm, would be coister’d’, Marston, Malcontent, -v. 1. 10. Meaning unknown.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coistril'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coistril,</span></span> used as a term of contempt, a low varlet; spelt <span class='it'>coystrill</span> -Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 43; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2. 137 (Downright). -Cp. <span class='it'>coistrel</span>, in use in the north country in the sense of a raw, inexperienced -lad (EDD.); ‘A coistrel, <span class='it'>adolescentulus</span>’, Coles Dict. 1679.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cokes,</span></span> a simpleton, dupe. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Devil -an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug); spelt <span class='it'>cox</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons, -iii. 1 (Oldcraft).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cokes,</span></span> to coax. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8; p. 36.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colberteen,</span></span> a kind of open lace, like network. Congreve, Way of the -World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Swift, Cadenus and Vanessa, 418. Named -from ‘Colbert, Superintendent of the French King’s Manufactures’ -(Fop’s Dict. 1690). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='colcarrier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colcarrier, colecarier,</span></span> a coal-carrier, a low dependant, cringing -sycophant; lit. one who will carry coals for another. Golding, tr. of Ovid, -The Epistle, p. 2, l. 86. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coals'>coals</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cold-harbour, Cole-arbour,</span></span> an old building in Dowgate Ward. -Westward Ho, iv. 2 (Justinians); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 3 (Morose); -Middleton, A Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Lucre). For an account of the great -house called Cold Harbrough, see Stow’s Survey, Dowgate Ward (ed. -Thoms, 88. 89).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cole, coal,</span></span> money. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). -<span class='it'>To post the cole</span>, to pay the money. See NED. (s.v. Cole, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coleharth,</span></span> a coal-hearth, or place where a fire has been made; ‘An -Harte passeth by some <span class='it'>coleharthes</span> . . . the hote sent of the fire smoothreth -the houndes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; pp. 114-15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coleprophet;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#colprophet'>col-prophet</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coles:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>precious coles</span>, a kind of minced oath. Gascoigne, Steel -Glas (ed. Arber, 80); Return from Parnassus (ed. Arber, 50). See NED. -(s.v. Precious).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colestaff;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cowl-staff'>cowl-staff</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colice,</span></span> a strong broth, a ‘cullis’. Lyly, Campaspe, iii. 5 (Apelles). F. -‘<span class='it'>coulis</span>, a cullis or broth of boyled meat strained’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coll,</span></span> to embrace. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Spenser, F. Q. -iii. 2. 34; an embrace, Middleton, The Witch, i. 2. Still in use in Dorset -and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coll, vb.<sup>1</sup>). OF. <span class='it'>coler</span> (La Curne), deriv. of <span class='it'>col</span> -(F. <span class='it'>cou</span>), neck.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colle-pixie,</span></span> a goblin, mischievous sprite. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, -§ 99. For <span class='it'>colt-pixy</span>, a sprite in the form of a colt, which neighs and -misleads horses in bogs, a word known in Hants. and Dorset, the Dorset -form is <span class='it'>cole-pexy</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Colt-pixy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collet,</span></span> the part of a ring in which the stone is set. C. Tourneur, Revengers’ -Tragedy, i. 1 (Duchess); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 18. Cp. F. <span class='it'>collet</span>, -a collar (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collocavit,</span></span> used grotesquely to denote some kitchen utensil. Udall, -Roister Doister, iv. 7 (Merygreek). There seems to be an allusion to <span class='bold'><a href='#collock'>collock</a>,</span> -q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='collock'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collock,</span></span> a large pail; ‘Collock, an old word for a Pail’, Phillips, Coles, -1677. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>colok</span>, ‘canterus’ (Voc. 771. 30).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collogue,</span></span> to deal flatteringly with any one; ‘<span class='it'>Trainer sa parole</span>, to collogue, -to flatter, fawn on’, Cotgrave; to feign agreement, Marston and -Webster, Malcontent, v. 2; to have a private understanding with, ‘They -collogued together’, Wood, Life (ed. 1772, p. 172). In prov. use in many parts -of England, Scotland, and Ireland in three senses: (1) to talk confidentially, -(2) to flatter, to wheedle, (3) to plot together for mischief (EDD.). -Cp. L. <span class='it'>colloq-</span> in <span class='it'>colloquium</span>, with change to <span class='it'>collogue</span> under the influence of -<span class='it'>dialogue</span>, <span class='it'>duologue</span>, &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='collow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>collow,</span></span> to make black or dirty with coal-dust or soot; Middleton, -Family of Love, iii. 3. 2; ‘<span class='it'>Poisler</span>, to collow, smut, begryme’, Cotgrave; -‘I colowe, I make blake with a cole’, Palsgrave. A Cheshire word, see -EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). ME. <span class='it'>colwen</span>, cp. <span class='it'>colwyd</span>, ‘carbonatus’ (Prompt. -EETS. 91). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#colly'>colly</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='colly'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colly,</span></span> to blacken. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. -145; ‘to colly, <span class='it'>denigro</span>’, Coles, Dict. 1679. In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). See <span class='bold'><a href='#collow'>collow</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colon,</span></span> the largest human intestine. <span class='it'>To satisfy colon</span>, to satisfy one’s -hunger, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Belgarde); <span class='it'>to pacify colon</span>, id., -Picture, ii. 1 (Hilario).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colour,</span></span> a pretence, appearance of right. Two Gent. iv. 2. 3; Wint. -Tale, iv. 4. 566; <span class='it'>colours</span>, ensigns, standards, 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 31; <span class='it'>to fear -no colours</span>, to fear no flags, no enemy, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colour de roy,</span></span> bright tawny. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Balurdo). -F. ‘<span class='it'>couleur de roy</span>, was in old time, Purple; but now is the bright Tawny, -which we also tearm Colour de Roy’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colpheg,</span></span> to buffet or cuff, Edwards, Damon and Pithias, Anc. Eng. -Drama, i. 85, col. 1; in Dodsley (ed. 1780, i. 209). See NED. (s.v. Colaphize).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='colprophet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colprophet,</span></span> a sorcerer, fortune-teller. Mirror for Magistrates, Glendour, -st. 31 and st. 34; spelt <span class='it'>coleprophet</span>, J. Heywood, Prov. and Epigr. (ed. -1867, p. 17).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colstaff, colestaff;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cowl-staff'>cowl-staff</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>colt,</span></span> to befool, to ‘take in’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 39; Beaumont and Fl., -Wit without Money, iii. 2. From <span class='it'>colt</span> (a young horse), used humorously -for a young or inexperienced person, one easily taken in. Cp. the prov. -use of ‘to colt’, meaning to make a newcomer pay his footing, see EDD. -(s.v. Colt, vb.<sup>1</sup> 12).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>comand,</span></span> coming. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A northern -form.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>come off,</span></span> to pay money, pay a debt. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. -2 (1 Court.); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 (end); Merry Wives, iv. 3. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>com’esta,</span></span> how is it? how goes it with you? Massinger, Virgin -Martyr, ii. 3 (Spungius). Span. <span class='it'>cómo está?</span>, how is it?</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commandador,</span></span> a lieutenant; compared to a common sergeant. B. -Jonson, Volpone, iv. 1 (Sir Pol.). Span. <span class='it'>comendador</span>, ‘a commander, -lieutenant’ (Minsheu). The Span. vb. <span class='it'>comendar</span> orig. meant ‘to commend’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commandments, ten,</span></span> ten fingers, or two fists; jocularly. 2 Hen. VI, -i. 3. 145; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 63. [‘Be busy with the ten -commandments’, Longfellow, Span. Student, iii. 2 (Cruzado).] Cp. Span. -<span class='it'>los diez mandamiéntos</span>, the ten commandments; ironically, the ten fingers -(Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commedle,</span></span> to commix, mingle. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), -ed. Dyce, p. 25.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commence,</span></span> to take the full degree of Master or Doctor in any faculty -at a University; <span class='it'>to commence doctor</span>, to take a doctor’s degree, Massinger, -Emp. of the East, ii. 1 (Chrysapius); Duke of Milan, iv. 1 (Graccho).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commencement,</span></span> the great public ceremony, esp. at Cambridge, when -degrees are conferred at the end of the academical year. Brewer, Lingua, -iv. 2 (Common Sense); ‘In Oxford this solemnitie is called an Act, but -in Cambridge they use the French word Commensement’, Harrison, -Descr. England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, 75).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>commodity,</span></span> wares, merchandise; esp. a parcel of goods sold on credit -by a usurer to a needy person, who immediately raised some cash by reselling -them at a lower price, often to the usurer himself; ‘He’s in for -a commodity of brown paper and old ginger’, Measure for M. iv. 3. 5; -advantage, profit, ‘I will turn diseases to commodity’, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2 -(end); Bacon, Essay 41, § 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>communicate,</span></span> to share in, partake of; ‘Thousands that communicate -our loss’, B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tib.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>communication,</span></span> conversation, talk. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Luke xxiv. 17; Eph. iv. -29; this rendering of the Gk. λόγος is due to Tyndal, ‘communicacion’; -‘(Cardinal Morton), gentill in communication’, More, Utopia (ed. Arber, -36).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>companiable,</span></span> sociable, companionable. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. -Lumby, p. 217. ME. <span class='it'>companyable</span>, ‘socialis’ (Prompt.). A deriv. of OF. -<span class='it'>compain</span>, orig. nom. of <span class='it'>compagnon</span>; Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cumpainz</span> (Ch. Rol. 285).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>companion,</span></span> used as term of contempt, a fellow. Com. of Errors, iv. -4. 64; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 102. Cp. the use of <span class='it'>kumpân</span> (OF. <span class='it'>compain</span>) in the -MLG. poem Reinke de Vos, 1984 (ed. Bartsch, p. 293).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>compass,</span></span> to obtain, win (an object). Two Gent. ii. 4. 214; Pericles, -i. 2. 24; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 28.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>compass,</span></span> range, arc described by an arrow. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, -ii. 2 (Somerton); Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 145).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>complement,</span></span> that which goes to ‘complete’ the character of a gentleman -in regard to external appearance or demeanour. Hen. V, ii. 2. 134; -B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Carlo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>complimentary,</span></span> a master of defence, who published works upon the -compliments and ceremonies of duelling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -v. 2 (Crites).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>compromit,</span></span> to submit, esp. to submit to a compromise. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. F. <span class='it'>compromettre</span>, to put unto compromise -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>compter,</span></span> a ‘counter’, for children to play with. Conflict of Conscience, -iv. 5 (Conscience); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 108.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>comptible,</span></span> liable to give an ‘account’ of, sensitive to. Twelfth Nt. -i. 5. 186.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>comrogue,</span></span> a fellow-rogue. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1. 10; B. Jonson, -Masque of Augurs (Groom). A jocular word; for <span class='it'>comrade</span>. Also -<span class='it'>comrague</span>, Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (1 Soldier); Heywood and Brome, Lancashire -Witches, 1634 (sig. K., Dyce).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>con:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to con thanks</span>, to acknowledge thanks, to be grateful. All’s -Well, iv. 3. 174; Timon, iv. 3. 428. See NED. (s.v. Con, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>con.,</span></span> short for <span class='it'>contra</span>, against; ‘Now for the con’, Beaumont and Fl., -Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet). Cp. the phrase <span class='it'>pro</span> and <span class='it'>con</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>concavite,</span></span> concave or hollow sphere of the sky; ‘Where is become -that azure <span class='it'>concavite</span>?’ (riming with <span class='it'>infinite</span>), Mirror for Mag., Robert of -Normandy, st. 113.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conceit,</span></span> what is conceived in the mind, conception, idea. Othello, -iii. 3. 115; Merch. Venice, iii. 4. 2; faculty of conceiving, mental capacity, -As You Like It, v. 2. 60; imagination, fancy, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 263; -used of articles of fanciful design, Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 33.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conceited,</span></span> full of imagination or fancy; ‘The conceited painter’, -Lucrece, 1371; disposed to playful fancy, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 3 -(Ariosto); B. Jonson, Every Man in Humour, iii. 2. 29; curiously designed, -Chapman, Homer, Iliad ix, 85; <span class='it'>conceitedly</span>, ingeniously, Middleton, -Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 3 (Vortigern).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conceive,</span></span> to understand, to take the meaning of (a person); ‘Nay, conceive -me, conceive me, sweet Coz’, Merry Wives, i. 1. 250; Spenser, State -Ireland (Works, Globe ed. 666).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>concent,</span></span> harmony, concord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 5; (<span class='it'>consent</span>), Hen. V, -i. 2. 181. L. <span class='it'>concentus</span>, a singing together.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>concinnitie,</span></span> harmony, congruity, propriety. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 20, § last but one. L. <span class='it'>concinnitas</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conclusions, to try,</span></span> to try experiments, or an experiment. Hamlet, -iii. 4. 195; Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 1 (near end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>concrew,</span></span> to grow together. Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40. Cp. -F. <span class='it'>concrû</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>concroítre</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cond'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cond,</span></span> taught. Only in Drayton, Pol. xii. 206. See NED. (s.v. Con, -vb.<sup>1</sup> 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>condiscend,</span></span> for <span class='it'>condescent</span>, acquiescence, agreement, consent; lit. condescension. -Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 14. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>condition,</span></span> provision, stipulation; = on condition that, Tr. and Cr. -i. 2. 78; Massinger, Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); Shirley, Young Admiral, -iii. 2 (Fabio); mental disposition, temper, character, Merch. Ven. i. 2. 143; -Hen. V, v. 1. 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>condog,</span></span> to concur, ‘<span class='it'>Concurre</span>? <span class='it'>condogge</span>?’, Lyly, Gallathea, i. 1 (Raffe); -‘To agree, <span class='it'>concurre</span>, <span class='it'>cohere</span>, <span class='it'>condog</span>’; Cockeram’s Dict. (1642), second part. -A whimsical alteration of <span class='it'>concur</span>, made by substituting <span class='it'>dog</span> for <span class='it'>cur</span>. -The usual tale about this word is wholly without foundation; see -NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conduct,</span></span> conductor. Richard II, iv. 157; Romeo, iii. 1. 129; v. 3. 116.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conduction,</span></span> guidance, leadership. North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, -§ 21 (in Shak. Plut., p. 40, n. 7); Robinson, tr. of Utopia, bk. ii; ed. Arber, -p. 138. L. <span class='it'>conductio</span>; from <span class='it'>conducere</span>, to conduct.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coney'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coney,</span></span> a rabbit. In compounds: <span class='it'>Cony-burrow</span>, a rabbit-warren, Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando), spelt <span class='it'>coney borough</span>, B. Jonson, Tale -of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay); <span class='it'>coney-catch</span>, to cheat, dupe, Merry Wives, i. 1. 128; -Humour out of Breath, iv. 3 (Hortensio); <span class='it'>conie-catcher</span>, a cheat, Sir Thos. -More, i. 4. 205; <span class='it'>coney-garth</span>, a rabbit-warren, Palsgrave; spelt <span class='it'>cony gat</span>, Peele, -Works (ed. Dyce, p. 579); <span class='it'>conyger</span>, Horman, Vulgaria (NED.); <span class='it'>conygree</span>, Turbervile, -Venerie, 184. For etymology of these ‘coney’ words see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>confine,</span></span> to send beyond the confines, to banish. Webster, Appius, v. 3 -(Virginius). Dyce gives five more examples, all from Heywood. And see -Dyce’s Webster, p. 375.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>confins,</span></span> inhabitants of adjacent regions. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 20, § 12. L. <span class='it'>confines</span>, pl., neighbours.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>confluent,</span></span> affluent, abounding in. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad ix, 157. -In this sense found only here.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>congee,</span></span> a bow; orig. at taking one’s leave. Dryden, Prol. to The -Loyal Brother, 25; Marlowe, Edward II, v. 4; to take ceremonious -leave, ‘I have congied with the Duke’, All’s Well, iv. 3. 103. OF. <span class='it'>congie</span>, -leave of absence, dismission. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conglobate,</span></span> gathered as into a globe, compressed. Dryden, Death of -Lord Hastings, 35.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>congrue,</span></span> fitting, suitable; ‘Congrue Latine’, Latin that can be -parsed, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. <span class='it'>congru</span> (Littré); -L. <span class='it'>congruus</span>, agreeing, suitable.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>congrue,</span></span> to agree, accord. Hen. V, i. 2. 182 (Qu.); Hamlet, iv. 3. 66 -(Qq.). L. <span class='it'>congruere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conjure,</span></span> to call upon solemnly, to adjure. Two Gent. ii. 7. 2; -Hamlet, iv. 3. 67; to influence by incantation, or the adjuring of spirits, -Timon, i. 1. 7; to swear together, to conspire, Milton, P. L. ii. 693; Spenser, -F. Q. v. 10. 26.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>consilliadory,</span></span> pl. councillors. City Nightcap, i. 1 (Abstemia); iii. 1 -(Lorenzo). Ital. <span class='it'>consigliatori</span>, pl.; from <span class='it'>consiglio</span>, council.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>consort,</span></span> a ‘concert’ of musical instruments. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -1. 23 from the end; Northward Ho, ii. 1; Beaumont and Fl., -King and No King, v. 2 (Lygones).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='conster'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conster,</span></span> to construe; a common spelling in old editions of Shakespeare, -&c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>consumedly,</span></span> excessively; ‘I believe they talked of me; for they -laughed consumedly’, Farquhar, Beaux Stratagem, iii. 1 (Scrub); consumedly -in love’, id., iii. 2 (Scrub).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conteck,</span></span> strife, discord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 64; Shep. Kal., May, -163; Sept., 86. ME. <span class='it'>contek</span>, strife (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2003, <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4122). Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>contec</span>, ‘débat, querelle’ (Moisy); contention (Gower, Mirour, 4647). See -Dict. M. and S.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>continent,</span></span> one of the concentric ‘spheres’ in the Ptolemaic system -of astronomy; each hollow crystal sphere carried with it one of the -seven planets that revolved round the earth, each planet being attached -to the concave surface of its own sphere. ‘As true . . . as doth that orbed -continent [that spherical solar shell retain] the fire That severs day from -night’ [i.e. the sun], Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 278; ‘Nor doth the moon no -nourishment exhale From her moist continent to higher orbs’ (i.e. from -her own sphere to the spheres beyond), Milton, P. L. v. 422; ‘All subject -under Luna’s continent’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1148); scene 9. 62 -(W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D); ‘Luna, . . . trembling upon her concave continent’, -iv. 1 (1543); scene 11. 15 (W.); p. 172, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘Judging the -concave circle of the sun To hold the rest in his circumference’, Greene, -Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1122); scene 9. 36 (W.); p. 167, col. 1 (D.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>contrive,</span></span> to wear out, to spend; ‘Three ages, such as mortall men -contrive’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 48; Tam. Shrew, i. 2. L. <span class='it'>contrivi</span>, pt. t. of -<span class='it'>conterere</span>, to wear away; cp. ‘totum hunc contrivi diem’, Terence, Hec. -5. 3. 17. Not the same word as mod. E. <span class='it'>contrive</span>. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>conundrum,</span></span> a whim, crotchet, conceit. B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 7 -(Volpone).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convent,</span></span> to convene, summon together, summon. Coriolanus, ii. 2. -59; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convert,</span></span> to cause to return, to bring back; ‘Or if I stray he doth -convert, And bring my minde in frame’, Herbert, Temple, Ps. xxiii; -to turn aside from (intrans.), ‘When thou from youth convertest’, Sh. -Sonn. xi.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convertite,</span></span> a professed convert to a religious faith, Marlowe, Jew of -Malta, i. 2 (Barabas); a person converted to a better course of action, -King John, v. 1. 19.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convey,</span></span> a cant term for to steal. Merry Wives, i. 3. 52; Richard II, -v. 317. Hence <span class='it'>conveyance</span>, trickery, artifice, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 160.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convince,</span></span> to overcome, overpower; ‘I will with wine and wassal so -convince’, Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 21; to prove a person -to be guilty, ‘Which of you convinceth mee of sinne?’ <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, John viii. -46; Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 129; Webster, Appius and Virg. v. 3; Mirror -for Mag., Glocester. st. 43; to refute in argument, ‘It sufficeth to convince -atheism, but not to inform religion’, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 681.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>convive,</span></span> one who feasts with others, a table-companion. Beaumont, -Psyche, x. 211; to feast together, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 272. F. <span class='it'>convive</span>, -a guest; L. <span class='it'>conviva</span>, one who lives or feasts with others.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cony;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#coney'>coney</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cooling card,</span></span> a winning card in a card-game, that dashes the hopes -of the adversary. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 84; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful -Friends, ii. 2 (Flavia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copartiment,</span></span> a compartment, panel. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 -(last line). Ital. <span class='it'>compartimento</span>, a partition.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copatain hat,</span></span> a high-crowned hat (?). Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 69; ‘A -copetain hatte made on a Flemmishe blocke’, Gascoigne, Works, i. 375. -Prob. the same as <span class='it'>copintank</span>, <span class='it'>copentank</span>, a high-crowned hat in the form of -a sugar-loaf; ‘A high cop-tank hat,’ North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, -§ 30. See NED. (s.v. Copintank).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cope'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cope,</span></span> a purchase, bargain. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 3 (351); scene 3. 5 -(W.); p. 157, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘cope’, a prov. word meaning to exchange, -barter, heard in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Cope, -vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). Dutch <span class='it'>koop</span>, a sale, a buying. See Dict. (s.v. Cope, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copel,</span></span> a small pot made of bone-ash, used for melting gold or silver. -Sir T. Browne, Urn-burial, ch. iii, § 18. Spelt <span class='it'>coppell</span>, Bacon, Sylva, § 799. -F. <span class='it'>coupelle</span>, ‘a Coppell, the little Ashen pot or vessel wherein Goldsmiths -melt or fine their Metals’ (Cotgr.); see Estienne, Précellence, 142 (Lexique-Index, -400). <span class='it'>Coupelle</span> is a deriv. of <span class='it'>coupe</span>, a cup. Med. L. <span class='it'>cuppa</span> (Ducange). -See NED. (s.v. Cupel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copeman,</span></span> a chapman. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cope'>cope</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copemate, copesmate,</span></span> a person with whom one ‘copes’ or contends, -an adversary. Golding, Metam. xii (ed. 1593, 279); Chapman, All Fools, -ii (Valerio); a companion, comrade, Greene, Upstart Courtier (ed. 1871, 4), -used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Lucrece, 925; <span class='it'>female copesmate</span>, mistress, paramour, B. Jonson, -Every Man, iv. 10 (Knowell).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coppe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coppe,</span></span> the top, summit. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 202. 18; lf. 232, -back, 26. Hence <span class='it'>copped</span>, peaked, Pericles, i. 1. 101; ‘High-copt hats’, -Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. ME. cop: ‘the cop of the hill’ (Wyclif, Luke -iv. 29). OE <span class='it'>copp</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copy,</span></span> abundance, copiousness. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 -Carlo); Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Placentia). L. <span class='it'>copia</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='copy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>copy,</span></span> copyhold, tenure of land ‘by copy’, i.e. according to the ‘copy’ -of the manorial court-roll, used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Macbeth, iii. 2. 38.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coracine,</span></span> a kind of fish like a perch, found in the Nile. Middleton, -Game at Chess, v. 3. 10. L. <span class='it'>coracinus</span>, Gk. κορακῖνος, from κόραξ, a raven, -from its black colour.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corant;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#courant1'>courant</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coranto'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coranto,</span></span> a quick dance. Hen. V, iii. 5. 33; Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, -iii. 2 (Kickshaw). Ital. <span class='it'>coranto</span>, ‘a kinde of French dance’ (Florio); cp. -F. <span class='it'>courante</span>, ‘a curranto’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#courant1'>courant</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corasive,</span></span> a sharp remedy, severe reproach. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, -p. 154). See <span class='bold'><a href='#corsive'>corsive</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corbe,</span></span> short for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corbel.</span></span> Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corbe, courbe,</span></span> bent, crooked. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 56. ME. -<span class='it'>courbe</span> (Gower, C. A. i. 1687). F. <span class='it'>courbe</span>, L. <span class='it'>curvus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corbed up,</span></span> (prob.) controlled, as by a curb, curbed. Marston, Antonio, -Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cordwain,</span></span> Spanish leather, orig. made at Cordova. Spenser, F. Q. vi. -2. 6; Drayton, Eclogues, iv. 177. Spelt <span class='it'>cordevan</span>, Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, -i. 1. 21. Span. <span class='it'>cordován</span>, Spanish leather (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coresie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coresie,</span></span> vexation, a corroding, gnawing annoyance. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 19. 24. In prov. use in Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Corrosy). F. <span class='it'>corrosif</span> -(Cotgr.); for the change of suffix, cp. <span class='it'>hasty</span>, the E. representative of F. <span class='it'>hastif</span>. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#corsive'>corsive</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corned,</span></span> horned, peaked, pointed; said of shoes. Skelton, Maner of -the World, 26; Greene, Description of Chaucer, 13; ed. Dyce, p. 320. Cp. -F. <span class='it'>corné</span>, horned (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornel,</span></span> a little grain, granule; ‘Bread is of many <span class='it'>cornels</span> compounded’, -Conflict of Conscience, iv. 1 (Philologus); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornel,</span></span> a javelin made of cornel-wood. Used to translate L. <span class='it'>cornus</span>, -Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 406.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornelian,</span></span> the fruit of the cornel-tree. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornes,</span></span> pl. kinds of corn; corn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8, back, 4; -lf. 88. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornet,</span></span> a troop of horse; so called from its standard, which was a long -horn-shapen pennon. 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 25; Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 2. 41. -F. <span class='it'>cornette</span>, ‘a Cornet of Horse; the Ensign of a horse-company’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornet,</span></span> a head-dress formerly worn by ladies; ‘Her cornet blacke’, -Surrey, Complaint that his Ladie kept her face hidden, 2; in Tottel’s Misc., -p. 12. F. <span class='it'>cornette</span>, a horned head-dress; dim. of <span class='it'>corne</span>, a horn.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornet,</span></span> some kind of ornament (?); ‘With cornets at their footmen’s -breeches’, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 872.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cornuto,</span></span> a cuckold. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71. Ital. <span class='it'>cornuto</span>, a cuckold; -lit. ‘furnished with horns’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coronal,</span></span> a wreath of flowers, a garland. Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, -i. 1. 11; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coronel,</span></span> a ‘colonel’. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 656, l. 9; -<span class='it'>lieutenant-coronel</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man, iii. 5 (Knowell). Span. <span class='it'>coronel</span>, -Ital. <span class='it'>colonello</span>, ‘a Colonel of a Regiment’ (Florio); a deriv. of <span class='it'>colonna</span>, cp. F. -<span class='it'>colonne</span> de troupes, a column, a formation of troops narrow laterally and -deep from front to rear; see Hatzfeld.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>correption,</span></span> reproof, rebuke. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 30: Augustus, -§ 12. L. <span class='it'>correptio</span>; deriv. of <span class='it'>corripere</span>, to reprove.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corrigidor, corregidor,</span></span> a Spanish magistrate. Machin, Dumb -Knight, v. 1 (Cyprus); Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 13. 58. See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corrol,</span></span> to crimson, to make like ‘coral’; ‘The . . . sunne <span class='it'>corrols</span> his -cheeke’, Herrick, A Nuptial Verse to Mistress E. Lee, 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='corser'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corser,</span></span> a dealer, esp. a horse-dealer. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 119. 15; -spelt <span class='it'>courser</span>, Beaumont and Fl., The Captain, v. 1 (Father). ME. <span class='it'>corser</span>, -Wyclif, Works (ed. 1880, p. 172); <span class='it'>corsowre of horse</span>, ‘mange’ (Prompt. 94), -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cossour</span>, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1310, see Riley’s Memorials of London, Pref., p. xxii, -Med. L. <span class='it'>cociatorem</span>, a broker, factor, dealer, cp. <span class='it'>cocio</span> (Ducange). The Ital. -<span class='it'>cozzone</span>, a horse-courser (Florio), is from <span class='it'>coctionem</span>, a later form of <span class='it'>cocionem</span>, -see Diez, 112.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='corsive'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>corsive,</span></span> for <span class='it'>corrosive</span>; anything that corrodes, grief, distress. B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1. 7; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 14; Drayton, Barons’ -Wars, iv. 14. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coresie'>coresie</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cortine,</span></span> a curtain (military term); a plain wall in a fortification; the -wall between two bastions, &c. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). -F. <span class='it'>courtine</span> (<span class='it'>cortine</span>), a curtain; and (in fortification) the plainness of the -wall between bulwark and bulwark (Cotgr.); in the same sense Ital. -<span class='it'>cortina</span> (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coscinomancy,</span></span> divination by means of a sieve. From Gk. κόσκινον, -a sieve; and suffix <span class='it'>-mancy</span>, as in <span class='it'>necro-mancy</span>, &c. Hence the compound -<span class='it'>necro-puro-geo-hydro-cheiro-coscino-mancy</span>. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3 (Alb.), -where <span class='it'>puro-</span> should be <span class='it'>pyro-</span>. Sometimes the sieve was suspended by -a thread; otherwise, it was used in conjunction with a pair of shears, as -described in Brand, Popular Antiq. iii. 351; cp. Butler, Hudibras, ii, 3. -569.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coshering,</span></span> the right claimed by Irish chiefs of quartering themselves -upon their dependants. Davies, Why Ireland (ed. 1747, 169); feasting, -Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier); also, <span class='it'>coshery</span>, feasting, Stanyhurst tr. -Virgil, Aeneid i, 707. Spenser in his State of Ireland mentions <span class='it'>cosshirh</span> -as one of the customary services claimed by the Irish Lord (ed. Morris. -623). Ir. <span class='it'>cóisir</span>, feasting, entertainment (Dinneen). ‘In modern times -coshering means simply a friendly visit to a neighbour’s house to have -a quiet talk’, Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 240.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cosier;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cozier'>cozier</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cosset,</span></span> a pet lamb. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 42; also <span class='it'>fig.</span> B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Mrs. Litt.). In prov. use in Glouc., E. Anglia, and -Kent, meaning a lamb or colt brought up by hand, also, an indulged child, -a pet animal (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cost,</span></span> the rib of a ship. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Cymbal). -L. <span class='it'>costa</span> (navium) (Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cost;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#coast1'>coast</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>costard,</span></span> the head. Applied jocularly to the head, as being like a -very large apple. ME. <span class='it'>costard</span>, an apple; lit. a ‘ribbed’ apple; from OF. -<span class='it'>coste</span>, L. <span class='it'>costa</span>, a rib. Hence <span class='it'>costard-monger</span> or <span class='it'>coster-monger</span>, orig. a seller of -apples. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coste,</span></span> to move beside; to keep up with a hunted animal. Morte -Arthur, leaf 382, back, 19; bk. xviii, c. 19. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coast2'>coast</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cot, cott,</span></span> a little boat. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 9. Many places in Ireland -derive their names from this ‘cot’; see Joyce. Irish Names of Places, i. -226. Still in use in the north of Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Cot, sb.<sup>4</sup>). Irish -<span class='it'>coit</span>, <span class='it'>coite</span>, a small boat, a skiff (Dinneen), Gael. <span class='it'>coit</span>, a kind of canoe used -on rivers (Macleod).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cote1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cote, coat</span></span> (in coursing), of one of two dogs running together: to pass -by its fellow so as to give the hare a turn (NED.); <span class='it'>fig.</span> to pass by, to outstrip. -Hamlet, ii. 2. 330; L. L. L. iv. 3. 87; Chapman, Iliad, xxiii. 324; -<span class='it'>coat</span>, the action of coting, Drayton, Pol. xxiii (ed. 1748, p. 356).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cote,</span></span> to quote. Udall, Paraph. N.T., Pref. (NED.); Middleton, A Mad -World, i.2 (Cour.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cothurnal,</span></span> tragic; ‘Cothurnal buskins’, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 -(Tucca). L. <span class='it'>cothurnus</span>; Gk. κόθορνος, a high boot. The <span class='it'>cothurnus</span> was worn -by actors of tragedy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cot-quean'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cot-quean,</span></span> the housewife of a labourer’s hut. Nashe, Almond for -Parrat, 5; a coarse, vulgar, scolding woman, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 -(Jupiter addressing Juno); used contemptuously of a man who acts the -housewife, and busies himself unduly in household matters, Romeo, iv. -4. 9; Addison, Spect. (1712) No. 482; spelt <span class='it'>quot-quean</span>, Beaumont and Fl., -Love’s Cure, ii. 2. 6; <span class='it'>to play the cotqueane</span>, Heywood, Gunaik. iv. 180 (NED.). -Cp. use of <span class='it'>cot</span> and <span class='it'>molly-cot</span> in Cheshire and Yorkshire, see EDD. (s.v. Cot, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cotswold,</span></span> pronounced <span class='it'>Cotsal</span> in Shaks., Fol. 1, Merry Wives, i. 1. 93; -<span class='it'>a Cotsal man</span>, an athletic man, such as lived in the Cotswold Hills, a district -famous for athletic sports, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 23; <span class='it'>a Cotsold lion</span>, a -humorous expression for a sheep of that country, Udall, Roister Doister -(ed. Arber, 70), iv. 6 (Merygreek). ‘As fierce as a lion of Cotswold, i.e. a -sheep’, Fuller’s Worthies (Bohn’s Proverbs, 204).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cotton:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>this geer</span> (or <span class='it'>gear</span>) <span class='it'>will cotton</span>, this stuff will come to a good -nap, this thing will succeed. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 8 (Thomas); -Middleton, Inner Temple Masque (Second Antimasque).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couch,</span></span> to place, arrange, order. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, -§ 6; to cause to cower, Lucrece, 507; to place a lance in rest, 1 Hen. VI, -iii. 2. 134.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couch:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to couch a hogshead</span>, to lie down and sleep. (Cant.) -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 84.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couchee,</span></span> an evening court-reception. Dryden, Hind and Panther, -i. 516; ‘The King’s Couchée’, Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 1; the equivalent -of <span class='it'>Le Coucher du Roi</span>, or simply <span class='it'>Le Coucher</span>, the reception which preceded -the king’s going to bed. Cp. Dict. Acad. Fr. 1786 (s.v. Coucher, -s.m.), ‘Il se trouve au lever et au coucher du Roi.’ For the E. form of -the word compare our <span class='it'>levee</span> for F. <span class='it'>lever</span>, ‘réception dans la chambre d’un -roi au moment où il se lève’ (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couch-quail, to play.</span></span> The same as <span class='it'>to couch as a quail</span>; to cower, -crouch down; see Thersytes, 20; Skelton, Speke Parrot, 420. Cp. -Chaucer’s ‘Thou shalt make him couche as dooth a quaille’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1206).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coul,</span></span> to trim the feather of an arrow along the top. Ascham, Toxophilus, -pp. 128, 129, 131, 133. Cp. <span class='it'>cowl</span>, to gather, collect, scrape together, -a north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>could, coud, couth,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, knew, knew how to. Spenser, F. Q. v. -7. 5; Shep. Kal., Jan., 10. (Common). See <span class='bold'><a href='#can3'>can</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couleuvre,</span></span> a snake. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 92. 21; spelt <span class='it'>couleure</span>, -id., lf. 91, back, 19. F. <span class='it'>couleuvre</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>countant,</span></span> accountant; liable to be called upon to give account. -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>countenance,</span></span> bearing, demeanour, behaviour; authority, favour, -credit; show of politeness. As You Like It, i. 1. 19; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. -234; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 33; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (end). The senses -are variable and elusive.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counter,</span></span> an encounter. Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 207.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counter,</span></span> a counter-tenor voice. Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (3 Clown). -See the context.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='counter3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counter, compter,</span></span> a prison, chiefly for debtors, attached to a city -court; ‘One o’ your city pounds, the counters’, B. Jonson, Every Man, -ii. 1 (Downright). The sheriffs of London had each his compter; one -was in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street, Cheapside. There were -three degrees of rooms for the prisoners: those on the Master’s side (the -best), the Twopenny Ward, and the Hole (for the poorest), Middleton, -Roaring Girl, iii. 3 (Sir Alexander). Those in the Hole were fed from -‘the basket’; see <span class='bold'><a href='#basket'>basket</a>.</span> Note that, according to Gascoigne, there were -<span class='it'>three</span> Counters, the third being in Bread Street. ‘In Woodstreat, Bredstreat, -and in Pultery’, Steel Glas, 791. In Stow’s Survey of London -‘the Compter in the Poultrie’ is mentioned (ed. Thoms, p. 99), and ‘the -Compter in Bread Street’ (ib., p. 131).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counterfeit,</span></span> a likeness, portrait, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 115; Timon, v. -1. 83. Phr. <span class='it'>a pair of counterfeits</span>, used in the sense of vamps, or fore-parts -of the upper leather of a shoe, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iv. 2 -(Firk).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counterfesaunce,</span></span> counterfeiting, dissimulation. Spencer, F. Q. i. 8. -49; iv. 4. 27. OF. <span class='it'>contrefaisance</span>, counterfeiting (Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>countermure,</span></span> to wall round, to fence in. Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. -7. 16. F. <span class='it'>contremurer</span>, Ital. ‘<span class='it'>contramurare</span>, to countermure’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counterpoint,</span></span> a counterpane for a bed. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 353. -F. ‘<span class='it'>contrepoinct</span>, a quilt, counterpoint’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Counterpane).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>counterscarf,</span></span> a ‘counterscarp’, or outer wall or slope of the ditch, -which supports the covered way of a fort. Heywood, Four Prentises -(Godfrey); vol. ii, p. 242; id. London’s Mirror, fourth Show. F. <span class='it'>contrescarpe</span> -(Rabelais), Ital. <span class='it'>contrascarpa</span>; see Estienne, Préc. 351; <span class='it'>scarpa</span>, slope -of a wall.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>county,</span></span> a count, as a title, Romeo, i. 3. 105; Merch. Venice, i. 2. 48. -(Frequent.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>couped,</span></span> cut, cut clean off, with a smooth edge (in heraldry). Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 3. 214. F. <span class='it'>couper</span>, to cut.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coupee,</span></span> a dance step; the dancer rests on one foot, and passes the -other forward or backward, with a sort of salutation. Wycherley, Gent. -Dancing-master, iii. 1; Steele, Tender Husband, iii. 1 (Mrs. Clerimont). -F. <span class='it'>coupé</span>, ‘mouvement par lequel on coupe un espace; (Danse) Pas composé -d’un plié avec changement de pied suivi d’un glissé’ (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cour,</span></span> to cover; <span class='it'>Pt. t.</span>, <span class='it'>courd</span>; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 9. See NED. (s.v. -Cover).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='courant1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>courant,</span></span> a dance with a running or gliding step; a coranto. Etherege, -Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#coranto'>coranto</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>courant, corant,</span></span> an express message; a newspaper. B. Jonson, Magn. -Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Underwoods, lxi. 81. F. <span class='it'>courant</span>, running, a runner; -from <span class='it'>courir</span>, to run.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coursing,</span></span> succession in due ‘course’. Only in the following passage: -‘My Ladye Mary and my Ladye Elizabeth . . . by succession and course are -inheritours to the crowne. Who yf they shulde mary with straungers, -what should ensue God knoweth. But God graunt they never come vnto -<span class='it'>coursyng</span> nor succedynge.’ Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 30).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>courteau;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#curtal'>curtal</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>court holy-water,</span></span> a proverbial phrase for flattery, and fine words -without deeds; ‘Court holy-water in a dry house is better than this rainwater -out o’ door’, King Lear, iii. 2. 10; ‘Her unperformed promise was -the first court holy-water which she sprinkled amongst the people’, -Fuller, Ch. Hist. viii. 1. 6; ‘Court-holy-water, <span class='it'>Promissa rei expertia, fumus -aulicus</span>’, Coles, 1699; ‘<span class='it'>Eau beniste de cour</span>, court holy-water, fair words, -flattering speeches’, Cotgrave. See Nares.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'>Also, <span class='bold'>court holy bread;</span> ‘He feeds thee with nothing but court holy -bread, good words’, Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (M. Honeysuckle).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>courtnoll, courtnold,</span></span> a contemptuous term for a courtier. Peele, -Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 516; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 51 -From <span class='it'>court</span>, and <span class='it'>noll</span>, the head, hence, a person (<span class='it'>nowl</span> in Shakespeare).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='court-passage'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>court-passage,</span></span> a game at dice. Middleton, Women beware, ii. 2 -(Guardiano). See <span class='bold'><a href='#passage'>passage</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coustreling,</span></span> a lad, knave, groom. Only in Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 -(Merygreek). See <span class='bold'><a href='#coistril'>coistril</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>covenable,</span></span> fit, suitable, becoming, of becoming appearance; ‘A sonne -called Philip, a right covenable and gracious man’, Berners, Froissart, -ccclxxix. 635; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 11, § 6. OF. and Prov. -<span class='it'>convenable</span> (<span class='it'>cov-</span>). ME. <span class='it'>covenable</span>, fit, proper, suitable, agreeable (Chaucer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>covent,</span></span> a ‘convent’. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 849; Meas. for M. iv. 3. -133. ME. <span class='it'>covent</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1827). The old form remains in ‘Covent -Garden’. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>cuvent</span> (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cover:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>be covered</span>, put on your hat. As You Like It, v. 1. 18; -Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). (There are endless -compliments about wearing a hat in old plays.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>covert:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>under covert-baron</span>, in the condition of a woman who is protected -by her husband. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 2 (Miss N.); -<span class='it'>under covert-barn</span>, under protection, Phoenix, iii. 1 (Falso). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>feme -couverte baroun</span>, for <span class='it'>couverte de baroun</span>, a woman protected by her husband -(Rough List). See Cowell, Interp. (s.v. Coverture).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>covetise,</span></span> covetousness. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle); Kyd, Cornelia, -i. l. 26. ME. <span class='it'>covetyse</span>, ‘avaricia’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>coveitise</span>, cp. Ital. -<span class='it'>cupidigia</span> (Dante).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cowardry,</span></span> cowardice. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 511; <span class='it'>cowardree</span>, Spenser, -Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 986.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cowith,</span></span> the commonest form of Welsh bardic verse, Drayton, Pol. iv. -183 (notes 59 and 67). Wel. <span class='it'>cywydd</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cowl-staff'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cowl-staff, coul-staff, cole-staff,</span></span> a stout pole orig. used for carrying -a ‘cowl’ or tub, esp. a water-tub; ‘Cudgels, colestaves’, Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio); Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; Select Records -Oxford, 92. <span class='it'>Cowl</span>, for a large tub or barrel, is in prov. use in various parts -of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1 and 2). ME. <span class='it'>cowle</span> (Prompt., in Harl. -MS.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cowshard,</span></span> a piece of cowdung. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 19; ‘<span class='it'>Bouse -de vache</span>, the dung of a cow, a cow-shard’, Cotgrave. In use in Yorks., Lanc., -Derby., and Wilts. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coxcomb,</span></span> a fool’s cap; lit. <span class='it'>cock’s comb</span>. King Lear, i. 4. 105; also -jocularly, the head, ib. ii. 4. 125.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='coy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coy,</span></span> to render quiet, appease. Palsgrave; to stroke soothingly, to caress, -Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 2; <span class='it'>to coy it</span>, to behave coyly, to affect shyness, Massinger, -New Way, iii. 2. OF. <span class='it'>coi</span>, still, quiet, O. Prov. <span class='it'>quet</span>, ‘coi, tranquille’ -(Levy), Romanic type <span class='it'>quetu-</span>, L. <span class='it'>quiētum</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#quoying'>quoying</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coystrel.</span></span> In Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1119, a corrupt form of -‘kestrel’ (a base kind of hawk).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>coystril;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#coistril'>coistril</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cozier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cozier, cosier,</span></span> a cobbler. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 97; ‘A cosier or cobler, -<span class='it'>remendón</span>’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. 1599. OF. <span class='it'>cousere</span>, a seamster, one who sews -(Godefroy), <span class='it'>couseör</span>, acc., O. Prov. <span class='it'>cozedor</span>, ‘couturier’ (Levy); deriv. from -<span class='it'>cosere</span>, to sew, Romanic type representing L. <span class='it'>consuere</span>, to sew together; see -Hatzfeld.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>craboun,</span></span> corrupt form of ‘carbine’. ‘Discharge thy craboun’, Return -from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Ingenioso).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>craccus,</span></span> a kind of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Trimtram); -Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia); where ed. 1625 -has <span class='it'>cracus</span> (mod. ed. <span class='it'>crocus</span>). NED. suggests that the word means tobacco -of Caraccas, in Venezuela.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='crack1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crack,</span></span> a pert, forward boy. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Induct. -(3 Child); Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Usher). Hence <span class='it'>your crackship</span>, -address to a page, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). <span class='it'>Crack-halter</span>, -playfully ‘a rogue’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 30; Lyly, Mother -Bombie, iii. 4 (Song). Also <span class='it'>crack-hempe</span>, Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 46; and <span class='it'>crack-rope</span>, -‘<span class='it'>Baboin</span>, a crack-rope, wag-halter, unhappie rogue, retchlesse villaine’, -Cotgrave; Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88 (Hazlitt, -iv. 68).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crack,</span></span> to talk big, boast, brag. L. L. L. iv. 3. 268; spelt <span class='it'>crake</span>, -Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 50; Sir Thos. More, i. 2. 29. Hence <span class='it'>cracker</span>, boaster, -King John, ii. 1. 147. The vb. <span class='it'>crack</span> in this sense is in prov. use in Scotland -and in England in the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia. ME. -<span class='it'>crakyn</span>, to boast; ‘<span class='it'>crakere</span>, bost-maker’ (Prompt. EETS. 393).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='crack3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crack,</span></span> to damage, impair. Phr. <span class='it'>cracked within the ring</span>, said of a coin -cracked at the rim; but constantly used with reference to impaired virginity. -Hamlet, ii. 2. 448; Beaumont and Fl., Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo). -The <span class='it'>ring</span> was the inmost circle around the inscription; a piece cracked -<span class='it'>within</span> that ring could be legally refused, and was no longer current.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crackmans,</span></span> a hedge. (Cant.) ‘At the crackmans’, beside the hedge, -B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crag,</span></span> the neck. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 82, Sept., 45. A north-country -word, see EDD. (s.v. Crag, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>craggue,</span></span> a lean, scraggy person. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, -§ 150.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crake;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#crack1'>crack</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crambe,</span></span> cabbage, in literary use only <span class='it'>fig.</span>, and gen. in reference to the -L. phrase <span class='it'>crambe repetita</span>, cabbage served up again, applied by Juvenal -(Sat. vii. 154) to any tedious repetition. ‘Our Prayers . . . the same -Crambe of words’, Milton, Animadv. ii.; Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, -last §. Gk. κράμβη, a kind of cabbage.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crambe, crambo,</span></span> a game in which one player gives a word or a line -of a poem to which each of the others has to find a rime; if any one -repeated a previous suggestion he had to pay a forfeit; ‘Crambe, another -of the Divells games’, B. Jonson, Devill an Ass, v. 5; ‘Playing at Crambo -in the waggon’, Pepys, Diary (May 20, 1660).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cramocke,</span></span> a crooked stick. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 6. Corrupt -form of <span class='bold'><a href='#cammock'>cammock</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cramp-ring,</span></span> a ring supposed to be a remedy against cramp, falling -sickness, and the like; esp. one of those which the Kings of England -used to hallow on Good Friday for this purpose. Boorde, Introd. (ed. -Furnivall, p. 121); Berners, Letter in Brand Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1813, l. 129); -Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.); Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 1 -(Moth).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cramp-stone,</span></span> the stone in a ‘cramp-ring’. Massinger, The Picture, v. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cranewes,</span></span> pl., embrasures between battlements; crannies, apertures. -‘Cranewes of the walls of the city’; North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 23 -(in Shak. Plut., p. 131); id., M. Antonius, § 42 (in Shak. Plut., p. 222). -OF. <span class='it'>creneaux</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>crenel</span>, a battlement, an embrasure, see Estienne, -Préc. 358.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Cranion,</span></span> a proper name given to a fly, the charioteer of Queen Mab; -‘Fly Cranion, her charioteer, Upon her coach-box getting’, Drayton, -Nymphidia, st. 17. <span class='it'>Sir Cranion-legs</span>, thin legs, like a fly or spider; B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crank,</span></span> lively, brisk, merry; also as <span class='it'>adv.</span>; ‘<span class='it'>Joyeux</span>, as crank as a cock-sparrow’, -Cotgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 46; Middleton, Trick to -Catch the Old One, i. 3 (end); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, -iii. 1 (Gregory); Sea-Voyage, iv. 3. 2. <span class='it'>Crank</span> is used in this sense in -various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crank, adj.<sup>2</sup>). <span class='it'>Crankly</span>, briskly, -Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 552).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crank,</span></span> a beggar who shams illness. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4. -See Harman, Caveat, p. 51. Du. <span class='it'>krank</span>, ill, sick.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crank,</span></span> to run in a winding course, to twist and turn about. Venus -and Ad. 682; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 98; a winding path, Coriolanus, i. 1. 143; -<span class='it'>cranks</span>, pl. bends, turnings, Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 28; Spenser, F. Q. -vii. 7. 52.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crankle,</span></span> to twist and turn about. Drayton, Pol. vii. 198; xii. 572; -‘<span class='it'>Serpenter</span>, to wriggle, wagle, crankle’, Cotgrave. A Leicestersh. word, -see EDD. (s.v. Crankling).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crapish</span></span> (meaning unknown); ‘Scandalous and crapish’, Otway, -Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (3 W.). Only in this place.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crash,</span></span> a merry bout, a revel. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 2. 5. -See EDD. (s.v. Crash, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cratch,</span></span> a crib, manger; ‘The Coffin of our Christmas Pies in shape -long is in imitation of the Cratch’, Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 33); -‘Cratche for hors or oxen, <span class='it'>creche</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Presepio</span>, a cratch, a rack, -a manger, a crib or a critch’, Florio. In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Cratch sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2). ME. <span class='it'>cracche</span> (<span class='it'>cratche</span>), so -Wyclif, Is. i. 3, and Luke ii. 7. OF. <span class='it'>creche</span>, O. Prov. <span class='it'>crepia</span>, <span class='it'>crepcha</span> (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cratch,</span></span> to scratch; ‘I cratche with my nayles’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>cracche</span>, -to scratch (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2834.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>craze,</span></span> to break, crack, burst. Richard III, iv. 4. 17; ‘Craze bars’, -Heywood, The Fair Maid, iii. 4 (Bess); ‘God will craze their chariot -wheels’, Milton, P. L. xii. 210. Still in use in the west country in the -sense of to ‘crack’, said of glass, china, or church bells (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creak;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cry2'>cry creak</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creancer, creauncer,</span></span> one to whom is entrusted the charge of -another; a guardian; a tutor. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 129, l. 102; id. -Garl. of Laurell, 1226. Deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>creance</span>, belief, trust, Med. L. <span class='it'>credentia</span>, -‘fides data’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creeking;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#kreking'>kreking</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creeple,</span></span> a cripple. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Acts xiv. 8 (1611). ME. <span class='it'>crepel</span>, <span class='it'>crepul</span> -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. 1458). OE. <span class='it'>crēopel</span>, a cripple (B. T., Suppl. s.v. <span class='it'>crypel</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>creme,</span></span> chrism, the sacred oil used for anointing kings at coronation; -‘A kynge enoynted with creme’, Morte Arthur, leaf 202. 36; bk. ix, c. 39. -ME. <span class='it'>creme</span>, chrism, OF. <span class='it'>creme</span>, <span class='it'>cresme</span> (mod. <span class='it'>chrême</span>). L. <span class='it'>chrisma</span>, Gk. χρῖσμα, -anointing oil.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cres’,</span></span> a crest. Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 351. -A peculiar form, to rime with <span class='it'>grease</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Crease).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crescive,</span></span> growing. Hen. V, i. 1. 66.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crevis,</span></span> a crayfish. Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. -‘Crevisse’ is a north-country word (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>crevice</span>, <span class='it'>crevisse</span>, see Hatzfeld -(s.v. Écrevisse).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crib</span></span> (Cant); ‘To fill up the crib and to comfort the quarron’, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Meaning doubtful. Perhaps the same word -as <span class='it'>crib</span>, a manger; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for the stomach as a place for provender.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crimp,</span></span> an obsolete card-game. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Lady L.). -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crinet,</span></span> a hair. Gascoigne, Works, i. 101. Dimin. of F. <span class='it'>crin</span>, hair; -L. <span class='it'>crinis</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cringle-crangle,</span></span> <span class='it'>adj.</span>, winding, curled; ‘Cringle-crangle horns’ -(i.e. bugles), Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crippin,</span></span> part of a hood for ladies. Spelt <span class='it'>crepine</span>, <span class='it'>crespine</span>. Lyly, Mydas, -i. 2 (Licio). F. <span class='it'>crespine</span>, ‘the Crepine of a French hood’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crisled, crizzled,</span></span> roughened, shrivelled with cold. Ford, Sun’s -Darling, v. 1 (Winter). In Northampton, water that is slightly frozen is -‘just <span class='it'>crizzled</span> over’, see EDD. (s.v. Crizzle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crispie,</span></span> rippled, rippling; ‘Thy crispie tides’, Kyd, Cornelia, -iv. 2. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croach,</span></span> to grasp, seek after; ‘My life and th’ empire he did croach -and crasse’, Mirror for Mag., Geta, st. 10. Hence, <span class='it'>croacher</span>, a seeker -after. In compound <span class='it'>crowne-croachers</span>, Mirror for Mag., Rudacke, Lennoy, -st. 2. OF. <span class='it'>crocher</span>, to catch with a hook.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croches,</span></span> the ‘buds’ or knobs at the top of a stag’s horn; ‘These -little buddes or broches which are about the toppe are called Croches’, -Turbervile, Hunting, 54; Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 194.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crocheteur,</span></span> a porter. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, -iii. 2 (Longueville). F. <span class='it'>crocheteur</span>, ‘a porter or common burthen-bearer’; -<span class='it'>crochet</span>, ‘a hook; <span class='it'>le crochet d’un crocheteur</span>, the forke or crooked staffe, used -by a porter’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crock,</span></span> to put by in a crock or pot. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. -2. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crockling,</span></span> a croaking noise; used of the noise made by cranes. -Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 265.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crofte,</span></span> a crypt; ‘A crofte under the mynster’, Morte Arthur, -leaf 258*, back, 18; bk. xvii, c. 18. Du. <span class='it'>krocht</span>, <span class='it'>krochte</span>. Med. L. <span class='it'>crupta</span> -(Ducange), L. <span class='it'>crypta</span>; Gk. κρυπτή, a crypt, a place of hiding.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croisado,</span></span> a crusade; ‘Your great croisado general’ (i.e. the general -of your great crusade), Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 1200.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crome,</span></span> a long stick with a hook at the end of it; ‘Long cromes’, -Paston Letters, no. 77; vol. i, p. 106 (1872); Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 19. -In prov. use in E. Anglia (EDD.). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>kramme</span>, ‘a hooke, or a grapple’ -(Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crone,</span></span> an old ewe. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 4; Gascoigne, Fruites -of Warre, st. 63. An E. Anglian and Essex word, see EDD. (s.v. -Crone, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cronet,</span></span> a coronet. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 48, l. 51. -Also, a part of the armour of a horse; Shirley, Triumph of Peace (Works, -ed. Dyce, vi. 261).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croshabell,</span></span> a courtesan. Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 616, last line; -and in a title, p. 615, col. 1. A Kentish word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croslet, crosslet,</span></span> a crucible. Lyly, Gallathea, ii. 3; B. Jonson, -Alchem., i. 1 (Face). ME. <span class='it'>croslet</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1147). Dimin. of -OF. <span class='it'>crosel</span>, O. Prov. <span class='it'>cruzol</span>, crucible (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross,</span></span> a piece of money; many coins had a cross on one side. As -You Like It, ii. 4. 12; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 257.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross and pile,</span></span> the obverse and reverse side of a coin, head and (or) -tail; hence, sometimes, a coin, money; ‘He had neither cross nor pile’, -Sidney, Disc. Govt. (ed. 1704, p. 362); head or tail, i.e. ‘tossing up’, to -decide anything doubtful; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 2 (Ranger); -Return from Parnassus, ii. 1. 768; A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 8 (Clare). -Anglo-F. ‘jewer (jouer) <span class='it'>a cros a Pil</span>,’ <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1327, see NED. ‘Les pièces -de monnaie portaient une croix sur leur face, d’où l’expression: n’avoir -<span class='it'>ni croix ni pile</span>’ (to have neither cross nor pile), see Jannet, Glossaire, -Rabelais (s.v. Croix).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-bite,</span></span> to bite in return, to cheat. Marston, What you Will, -iii. 2. 279; iii. 3. 129. Hence, <span class='it'>cross-biter</span>, a swindler, Middleton, Your -Five Gallants, ii. 3 (Goldstone).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-lay,</span></span> a cheating wager. Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, -v. 542.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-point,</span></span> a particular step in dancing. Marston, Insatiate Countess, -i. 1 (Rogers); Greene, King James IV, iv. 3 (Slipper, l. 1638).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-row,</span></span> the alphabet; ‘And from the Crosse-row pluckes the -letter G’, Richard III, i. 1. 55. Short for <span class='it'>Christ-cross-row</span>, so called from -the figure of the cross (<span style='font-size:larger'>✠</span>) formerly prefixed to it. Still in use in Essex, -acc. to EDD. (s.v. Cross, II. (45)). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Christ-cross'>Christ-cross</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cross-tree,</span></span> the gallows; ‘A cross-tree that never grows’ [because -made of dead wood], Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone); the cross, -Herrick, Noble Numbers, His Anthem to Christ, l. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crotch,</span></span> the fork of the human body, where the legs join the trunk. -Greene, Verses against the Gentlewomen of Sicilia, l. 12; ed. Dyce, p. 316. -An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Crotch, sb.<sup>1</sup>). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>croche</span>, -‘entaillure’ (La Curne).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>croteys,</span></span> the dung of hares and rabbits; ‘Of Hares and Coneys, they -are called <span class='it'>Croteys</span>’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37, p. 97. F. <span class='it'>crottes</span>, ‘the -dung, excrements or ordure of Sheep, Conies, Hares, etc.’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crouse, crowse,</span></span> brisk, lively, merry, Drayton, Eclogue vii, 73; -Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (1 Beggar). In common prov. use in Scotland -and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crouse, adj.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crow,</span></span> the well-known bird. In alchemy, at a certain stage of the -work, there would sometimes be an appearance like a crow; it was considered -a very favourable sign; see B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crowchmas,</span></span> the day of the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3. -Tusser, § 50. 36; <span class='it'>Crowchemesse Day</span>; Paston Letters, no. 472, end (ii. 132, -1872). ‘At Crowchmesse, <span class='it'>a la saincte Croyx</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>cruche</span>, the -cross of Christ; ‘Crepe to cruche on lange fridai’, Trin. Coll. Hem. 95 -(NED.); ‘And meny crouche on hus cloke’, P. Plowman, C. viii. 167; -<span class='it'>cruche</span>, id., B. v. 529; <span class='it'>cros</span>, id., A. vi. 13. We may perhaps compare OF. -<span class='it'>croche</span>, the Picard form of OF. <span class='it'>croce</span>, a crosier; Ch. Rol. 1670; Med. L. -<span class='it'>crocia</span>, <span class='it'>crochia</span>, ‘baculus pastoralis’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crown of the sun,</span></span> a French gold coin. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, -i. 1 (Mont.); ‘<span class='it'>Escu sol</span>, a crown of the sun; the best kind of crown that -is now made’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crowner,</span></span> a coroner. Hamlet, v. 1. 4. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crow-trodden,</span></span> abused, humiliated. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of -the Country, iv. 4 (Rutilio). See NED. (s.v. Crow-tread).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cruddes,</span></span> curds; ‘A messe of cruddes’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 18; -‘Cruddes, <span class='it'>coagulum</span>’, Levins, Manip.; Baret, Alvearie. In prov. use in -Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crud). -<span class='it'>Crud</span> is related to <span class='it'>crowd</span>, to press close, see EDD. (s.v. Crowd, vb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>crudded,</span> reduced to a curd-like mass, Heywood, Silver Age (Cerberus). -ME. <span class='it'>cruddyd</span>, ‘coagulatus’ (Prompt.).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cruddle, crudle,</span></span> to curdle; ‘Cruddled me like cheese’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Job x. -10 (1611); Beaumont and Fl., The False One, iii. 2. 2; King and No -King, i. 1; Marston, Antonia, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). In prov. use in -Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crumenall;</span></span> ‘The fat oxe that wont ligge in the stall, Is now fast -stalled in her (=their) crumenall’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 119. Apparently -in sense ‘purse’ or ‘pouch’ (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>crusoile,</span></span> a crucible. Marston, Insatiate Countess, i. 1 (Rogers). OF. -<span class='it'>croisuel</span>. See Hatzfeld (s.v. Creuset).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cruzado, crusado,</span></span> the name of a Portuguese gold coin, of variable -value. Othello, iii. 4. 26; White Devil (Vittoria), ed. Dyce, p. 23. So -called from the cross on one side of it.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cry:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>a cry of hounds</span>, a pack of hounds. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Sanitonella). Hence <span class='it'>cry</span>, a pack (of hounds), Mids. Night’s D. -iv. 1. 128; <span class='it'>cry of curs</span>, pack of curs, Cor. iii. 3. 120. <span class='it'>Without all cry</span>, beyond -all description, Chapman, Blind Beggar, p. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cry2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cry creak,</span></span> to confess oneself beaten or in error; to give up the contest, -to give in. Thersites, 100 (ed. Pollard, Misc. Plays); Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 47. 2; T. Watson, Centuries of Love, i (ed. Arber, 37); Damon -and Pithias, Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88; ‘<span class='it'>Palinodiam canere</span>, to turne taile, to -cry creake’, Withal, Dict. (ed. 1634).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cucking'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cucking-stool,</span></span> an engine for the punishment of scolds, by ducking -them in the water. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Quarlous); Butler, -Hudibras, ii. 2. 740. See Cowell, Interpreter, 1637; Brand, Pop. Antiq. -(ed. 1877, p. 641).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cuckquean'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cuckquean,</span></span> a female cuckold. Golding, tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 606 -(Latin text); ed. 1603. Spelt <span class='it'>cockqueene</span>; Warner, Albion’s England, -bk. i, ch. 4, st. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cuck-stool,</span></span> an old punishment for scolds; the offender was fastened -in a kind of chair, and exposed to be jeered at, or was ducked in water. -Also called a <span class='bold'><a href='#cucking'>cucking-stool</a>,</span> q.v. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1 (Petronius), -Middleton, Fam. of Love, v. 1 (Glister).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cucurbite,</span></span> a kind of retort used in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 -(Face). Shaped like a gourd, L. <span class='it'>cucurbita</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cudden,</span></span> a born fool, dolt. Dryden, Cymon, 179; Sir Martin Mar-all, -v. 3. Wycherley, Gentl. Dancing-master, iv. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cue'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cue,</span></span> a small portion. ‘A cue of bread and a cue of beer’, Middleton, -The Black Book (near the end). ‘<span class='it'>Cue</span>, halfe a farthing, so called because -they set down in the Battling or Butterie Books the letter <span class='it'>q</span> for half -a farthing,’ Minsheu; ‘Not worthe a cue’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 36; -‘Worth ii. kues,’ id., Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 232. <span class='it'>Q.</span> for L. <span class='it'>quadrans</span>, -the smallest coin. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cee'>cee</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cuerpo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cuerpo, in,</span></span> in hose and doublet, without a cloak; stripped of the -upper garment so as to display the body. Ben Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 -(Tipto); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1. 26. Span. <span class='it'>en cuerpo</span>, having -nothing on but the shirt; <span class='it'>cuerpo</span>, body. See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cullisen'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cullisen, cullison,</span></span> ignorant pronunciations of cognisance. B. Jonson. -Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Sogliardo); a badge, id., Case is altered, iv. 4 -(Onion). See NED. (s.v. Cullisance).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cully,</span></span> a dupe, a simpleton. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 781; Otway, -Cheats of Scapin, i. 1 (Scapin). [To make a fool of, to take in, Pope, Wife -of Bath, 161.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>culm,</span></span> summit; ‘On giddy top and culm’, Misfortunes of Arthur, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 313. G. <span class='it'>kulm</span>, a mountain-top; L. <span class='it'>culmen</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>culme,</span></span> soot, smut. Golding, Metam. ii. 232; fol. 18, bk. (1603); as -adj. sooty, black, id. vii. 529; fol. 86, bk. The same word as <span class='it'>coom</span>, coal-dust, -soot, dirt,’ in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Coom, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>culme</span> (<span class='it'>colme</span>), ‘fuligo’ (Prompt. -EETS., see note, no. 477).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>culver-down,</span></span> dove’s down. Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1 (Epire). -OE. <span class='it'>culfre</span>, a dove.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curats,</span></span> a piece of armour for the body, a cuirass; ‘He casts away his -curats and his shield’, Harington, Orl. Fur.; spelt <span class='it'>curets</span>, Chapman, Iliad -iii, 343. Treated as pl., with a sing. <span class='it'>curat</span>, Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 34. Cp. Ital. -<span class='it'>corazza</span>, a cuirass (Florio). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curber,</span></span> a thief who hooks things through a window; an angler. -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). From <span class='it'>curb</span>, a cant word for a hook, -see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curiosity,</span></span> nicety, fastidiousness, excessive, scrupulousness. Massinger, -City Madam, i. 1 (Tradewell); ‘Concerning the enterring of her . . . -I pray you let the same be performed without all curiositie and superstition’, -Holland’s Plutarch, Morals, 533 (Bible Word-Book).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curiousness,</span></span> punctilious scrupulousness. Massinger, Parl. of Love, -i. 4 (Chamont); Unnat. Combat, iii. 4 (Beauf. Junior).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curry,</span></span> a ‘quarry’, i.e. slaughtered game. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. -145, 693. OF. <span class='it'>cuiree</span>, intestines of a slain animal; the part given to the -hounds, so called because wrapped in the skin (<span class='it'>cuir</span>); O. Prov. <span class='it'>corada</span>, -‘entrailles’ (Levy). See NED. (s.v. Quarry, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='curry-favell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curry-favell,</span></span> one who solicits favour by flattery. Puttenham, <span class='it'>Eng. -Poesie</span>, iii. 24 (ed. Arber, 299); ‘Curryfavell, a flatterer, <span class='it'>estrille faveau</span>’, -Palsgrave; altered to <span class='it'>curry-favour</span>, ‘A number of prodigal currie favours’, -Holinshed, Chron. ii. 144 (NED.); <span class='it'>Curriedow</span>, a curry-favour or flatterer, -Phillips. In earlier English ‘Favel’ occurs as the proper name of a -fallow-coloured horse. The fallow horse was proverbial as the type of -hypocrisy and duplicity, with reference to the ‘equus pallidus’ of Apoc. -vi. 8, which was explained as representing the hypocrites who gain a -reputation for sanctity by the ascetic pallor of their faces (see Rom. Rose, -7391-8). With the phrase ‘to curry favel’ cp. OF. <span class='it'>estriller</span>, <span class='it'>torcher Fauvel</span>, -adopted in German: <span class='it'>den fahlen Hengst streichen</span>. See NED. (s.v. Favel) for -origin, and see <span class='bold'><a href='#Favell'>Favell</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cursen'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cursen,</span></span> Christian; ‘As I am a cursen man’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, -iv. 6 (Carter); ‘By my Cursen soule’, Brome, Sparagus Gard. iii. 7; -‘We be Cursenfolke’, id. iv. 5; <span class='it'>cursen name</span>, Christian name, Mrs. Behn, -Feign’d Curtizan, i. 2; to christen, baptize; <span class='it'>cursen’d</span>, pp. christened, -Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan). For the pronunciation, see -EDD. (s.v. Christen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curst,</span></span> cross, ill-tempered. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 185; Beaumont and Fl., -Philaster, ii. 3 (Arethusa). In prov. use in the north and in the -W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Curst, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='curtal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curtal,</span></span> having a docked tail; ‘Curtal dog’, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 114; -said of a horse, All’s Well, ii. 3. 65. ‘Docke your horse tayle, and make -hym a courtault’, Palsgrave; in form <span class='it'>courteau</span>, a horse with a docked tail, -used as a term of derision, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Anaides). -OF. <span class='it'>courtaut</span>, ‘écourté’ (Hatzfeld); <span class='it'>courtault</span>, ‘cheval ou chien de courte -taille. On appelait aussi <span class='it'>courtault</span> le chien ou le cheval qui avait la queue -coupée’ (Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>curtana,</span></span> the sword of mercy, a pointless sword, carried before our -kings at a coronation. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 419. See Ducange, -s.v. The name of the legendary sword of ‘Ogier le Danois’ was -<span class='it'>Courtain</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cushes,</span></span> ‘cuisses’, pieces, of armour protecting the thighs. 1 Hen. IV, -iv. 1. 105 (1596); Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, v. 1. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cushion:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to miss the cushion</span>, to make a mistake. Lit. to sit down -amiss. ‘Whan he weneth to syt, Yet may he mysse the quysshon’, Skelton, -Colyn Cloute, 998; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 24.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cushion-cloth,</span></span> a cushion-case or cover. Middleton, Women beware -Women, iii. 1 (Bianca); <span class='it'>cusshencloth</span>, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 475.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>custard-politic,</span></span> a large custard prepared for the Lord Mayor’s feast. -B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Lick.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>customer,</span></span> a custom-house officer, ‘publicanus’. Udall, Erasmus’s -Paraph. on Mark, ii. 22; Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 (Erostrato). In use -in this sense in Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cut1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut,</span></span> a lot; he who drew the shortest (or rarely, the longest) of some -pieces of stick or paper drew the lot. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -Induction (2 Child, and 3 Child). ME. <span class='it'>cut</span>, lot (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 845). -Probably unconnected with the vb. ‘to cut’, see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut,</span></span> a dog or horse with a cut or docked tail; hence, a term of abuse -applied to a man. ‘Call me cut’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 203 (cp. ‘call me -horse’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215); London Prodigal, ii. 4. 41. <span class='it'>Cut</span>, a common -horse, Merry Devil, i. 3. 141; Dauncaster <span class='it'>cuttys</span>, Doncaster nags, Skelton, -Magnyfycence, 296. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cut4'>cut and longtail</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cut3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to keep cut</span>, to be coy, to be on one’s best behaviour; ‘Phyllyp, -kepe youre cut’, Skelton, P. Sparowe, 119; ‘To keep cut with his -mother’, i.e. to be coy like her, to follow her example, Middleton, More -Dissemblers, i. 4 (Dondolo). See NED. (s.v. Cut, sb.<sup>2</sup> 34).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cut4'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut and longtail,</span></span> dogs or horses (or men) of every kind; i.e. those -that are docked and those whose tails are allowed to grow. Merry Wives, -iii. 4. 44; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 68.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut bene whids,</span></span> to speak good words, speak fair. (Cant.) Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See Harman, Caveat, p. 84.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cut over,</span></span> to pass straight across; ‘Caligula lying in Fraunce . . . -intended to cutte over, and invade Englande’, Gosson, School of Abuse, -p. 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutchy,</span></span> a ‘coach-y’; a driver of a coach; ‘Make thee [a] poor Cutchy’ -(cp. <span class='it'>coach</span> in the preceding line), Return from Parnassus, iii. 4 (Furor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cute,</span></span> a cur; ‘Some yelping Cute’, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 340; explained -by ‘a cur’ in the margin. It is probably merely a variant of <span class='it'>cut</span>, a short-tailed -dog; see <span class='bold'><a href='#cut4'>cut and longtail</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutted,</span></span> abrupt, snappish, sharp in reply. Middleton, Women beware, -iii. 1. 4. Used in this sense in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutter,</span></span> a cut-throat, bully, bravo. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several -Weapons, iii. 1 (Gregory). Hence, title of the play by Cowley, The Cutter -of Coleman Street. With a quibble upon <span class='it'>cutting</span>, Middleton, Mayor of -Queenborough, ii. 3 (Simon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutting,</span></span> swaggering. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2 (516); scene 5. 19 -(W.); p. 159, col. 1 (D.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutting,</span></span> cheating. Marston, Dutch Courtesan, ii. 3 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cutwork,</span></span> open work in linen, cut out by hand. Gascoigne, Steel -Glas, 777 (ed. Arber, p. 71); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 2 (Lopez).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cymar'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cymar,</span></span> a loose light garment for women. Dryden, Virgil, Aeneid iv, -196; Cymon, 100. See <span class='bold'><a href='#symarr'>symarr</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cynarctomachy,</span></span> a word invented by Butler (Hudibras, i. 1. 752) to -signify a battle between a bear and dogs. Gk. κύων, a dog, ἄρκτος, a bear, -μάχη, a fight.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cypers grass,</span></span> the sweet cyperus or galingale. Chapman, tr. of -Odyssey iv. 802. GK. κύπειρον, a sweet-smelling marsh-plant (Od. iv. 603).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='cypress'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>cypress,</span></span> a textile fabric, esp. a light transparent material resembling -cobweb lawn or crape; when black much used for mourning. Twelfth -Nt. iii. 1. 131; <span class='it'>cypress lawn</span>, Milton, Penseroso, 35. Probably fr. OF. -<span class='it'>Cipre</span>, the island of Cyprus.</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='D'>D</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dabbing down,</span></span> hanging down like wet clothes, in a dabbled state. -Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 359.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dade,</span></span> to walk with tottering steps, to toddle, like an infant learning -to walk. Drayton, Pol. i. 295; xiv. 289. Still in use in Leicestersh. and -Warwicksh. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dædale,</span></span> ingenious, skilful. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2; also, variously -adorned (cp. daedala tellus, Lucret. i. 7), id., iv. 10. 45. L. <span class='it'>daedalus</span>, -Gk. δαίδαλος, skilful.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daff,</span></span> to put off, put aside. A variant of <span class='it'>doff</span>, to do off, put off. 1 Hen. IV, -iv. 1. 96; and elsewhere in Shakespeare.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daff,</span></span> a simpleton; a coward; ‘(The Bishop of Llandaff) answers, The -<span class='it'>daffe</span> is here, but the <span class='it'>land</span> is gone’, Harrison, Descr. England, bk. ii, ch. ii -(ed. Furnivall, 58). In prov. use in both senses in Yorks. (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>daf</span>: ‘I sal been halde a daf, a cokenay’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4208).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daffysh,</span></span> foolish. Morte Arthur, leaf 205. 10; bk. ix, c. 13. In prov. -use in Derbysh., Warwicksh., and W. Midlands in the sense of sheepish -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dag,</span></span> a small pistol; ‘This gun? a dag?’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s -Cure, ii. 2 (Lucio); Arden of Fev. iii. 6. 9; ‘<span class='it'>Pistolet</span>, a pistolet, a dag, or -little pistol’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dagonet,</span></span> a foolish young knight. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ginet). -Sir Dagonet was a foolish knight in the court of Arthur; see 2 Hen. IV, -iii. 2. 300: ‘Sir Dagonet in Arthur’s show’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dagswain, daggeswane,</span></span> a rough coverlet. Skelton, Magnyfycence, -2195. ME. <span class='it'>daggeswayn</span>, ‘lodex’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, -no. 528).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dain,</span></span> disdain; hence, ignominy; ‘A deepe daine’, Lyly, Sappho, -v. 1; ‘dennes of daine’, Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. 31. Cp. F. <span class='it'>dain</span>, -dainty, fine, curious (Cotgr.). (The word in England seems to have -developed a subst. meaning of ‘squeamishness’, ‘stand-offishness’.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dain,</span></span> to disdain. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. (Venus); iii. (Medea).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dalliance,</span></span> hesitation, delay. 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 5; Virgin-Martyr, iv. 1 -(Sapritius). See Dict. (s.v. Dally).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>damassin,</span></span> damson. Bacon, Essay 46. F. <span class='it'>damaisine</span>, ‘a Damascene, -or damson plumb’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>damnify,</span></span> to injure. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 52; ii. 6. 3. Common in this -sense in East Anglia and America (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>damps,</span></span> dumps, fits of melancholy. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 118.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dandiprat,</span></span> a small coin worth 3 halfpence, first coined by Henry VII -(of unknown origin). Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). -Also, a dwarf, page; applied to Cupid (!) in Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. -p. 41 (ed. Arber); as also in Shirley, Arcadia, i. 3 (Dametas).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>danger:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to be in</span> (or <span class='it'>within</span>) <span class='it'>one’s danger</span>, to be in one’s debt, or -under an obligation, or in one’s power, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, i. 2 -(Charalois); cp. Merch. Venice, iv. 1. 180; King John, iv. 8. 84. In ME. -<span class='it'>in daunger</span>, within a person’s jurisdiction, under his control, at his disposal -(Chaucer). OF. <span class='it'>dangier</span>, the absolute authority of a feudal lord -(Godefroy), Romanic type <span class='it'>domniarium</span>, deriv. of L. <span class='it'>dominus</span> (Hatzfeld). -See Trench, Select Glossary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dansk,</span></span> Danish. Webster, White Devil (Giovanni), ed. Dyce, p. 13. -Also used to mean Denmark, Drayton, Polyolb. bk. xi. Dan. <span class='it'>Dansk</span>, Danish.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dant,</span></span> a worthless, talkative woman. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 515. -Du. <span class='it'>dante</span>, or <span class='it'>dantelorie</span>, ‘a base babling woman’; <span class='it'>danten</span>, ‘to bable’ -(Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dappard,</span></span> dapper. Triumphs of Love and Fortune, iv. 1 (Lentulo); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 198.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daps,</span></span> pl. habits, ways, peculiarities. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 447. -See EDD. (s.v. Dap, sb. 11).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darby,</span></span> money. (Cant.) ‘The ready, the darby’, Shadwell, Squire of -Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). Prob. with reference to <span class='it'>Darby</span>, a money-lender; -see below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Darby'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Darby’s bands,</span></span> supposed to have orig. meant a very strict bond -exacted by some usurer of that name; see NED. (Later it meant fetters.) -‘If all be too little, both goods and lands, I know not what will please -you, except Darby’s bands’, Marriage of Wit and Science (licensed in -1569-70), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 362; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 787 -(ed. 1576).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dare1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dare,</span></span> to terrify, paralyse with fear. Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s -Tragedy, iv. 1 (Evadne); <span class='it'>to dare larks</span>, to daze them in order to catch -them, Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 282; ‘Never hobby so dared a lark’, Burton, -Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896, iii. 390). In prov. use in various parts of England, -see EDD. (s.v. Dare, vb.<sup>2</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dare,</span></span> to injure, hurt. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 406; Tusser, Husbandry, -8. In prov. use in the north of England and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. -Dare, vb.<sup>3</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>derian</span>, to hurt, deriv. of <span class='it'>daru</span>, hurt.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darkling,</span></span> in the dark. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 86; King Lear, i. -4. 237.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='darkmans'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darkmans,</span></span> a cant term for night. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darnex carpet,</span></span> a Dornick carpet. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, v. 1 -(Jaques). ‘Dornick’ is the Flemish name of Tournay.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darraigne battle,</span></span> to set the battle in array. Heywood, Sallust’s -Jugurtha, 20; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 40; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 72; ‘To darraine -a triple warre’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 26. ME. <span class='it'>darreyne the bataille</span>, to fight -out the battle, to bring it to a decisive issue (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1631). -‘Darraigne’ is really a law-term, Anglo-F. <span class='it'>darreiner</span>, <span class='it'>dereiner</span>, to answer -an accusation, to exculpate oneself (Rough List); Med. L. <span class='it'>disrationare</span> -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>darreine,</span></span> brazen; ‘The Darreine Tower’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv -(Neptune); vol. iii, p. 55; (4 Beldam), p. 61; also called ‘the tower of -Darreine’ (4 lines higher). The reference is to the brazen tower in which -Danae was enclosed. F. <span class='it'>d’arain</span>, of brass (Cotgr.). (‘Darrain’ occurs -nine times in Caxton, Hist. of Troye, with reference to the same story; -the phrase <span class='it'>tour of darrain</span> is on leaf 62.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dart, Irish,</span></span> a dart frequently carried by an Irish running footman. -Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daunt,</span></span> to bring into subjection, subdue, tame; ‘It daunts whole -kingdoms and cities’, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2 (NED.); to daze, stupefy, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18. In prov. use in the sense of ‘to tame’, also, in -E. Anglia, ‘to stun, knock down’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>daunten</span>, to tame (P. Plowman, -B. xv. 393. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>daunter</span> (Bozon). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daunted down,</span></span> beaten down, subdued. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, -Third Song, st. 18.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daw,</span></span> a (supposed) foolish bird; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a foolish person. 1 Hen. VI, ii. -4. 18; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 48. So used in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Daw, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daw,</span></span> to frighten, subdue. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#adaw'>adaw</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daw,</span></span> to arouse, awaken. Drayton, Pol. vi. 112. So used in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Daw, vb. 2); a trans. use of ME. <span class='it'>dawen</span>, <span class='it'>dawyn</span>, -‘auroro’ (Prompt.), OE. <span class='it'>dagian</span>, to become day.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>daw up,</span></span> to cheer up, revive. Greene, James IV, v. 1 (Lady A.). -See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>day-bed,</span></span> a couch, sofa. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Fletcher, Rule a Wife, -i. 6 (Estifania); iii. 1 (Margarita).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dayesman, daysman,</span></span> a judge, an umpire. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Job ix. 33; -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 28; ‘Daysman, <span class='it'>arbitre</span>’, Palsgrave; New Custom, -i. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dead'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dead pay,</span></span> pay continued to a dead soldier, taken by dishonest officers -for themselves. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deane,</span></span> ‘din’, noise. Golding, Metam. xii. 316 (L. <span class='it'>fremitu</span>); fol. 147 -(1603). ‘Dean’ is an E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>dene</span>, noise (P. Plowman), -a dialect form of <span class='it'>dyne</span> (ib.), OE. <span class='it'>dyne</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deane,</span></span> a strong, offensive smell; ‘The breath of Lions hath a very -strong deane and stinking smell’, Holland, Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 53. In -prov. use in Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Dain). OE. *<span class='it'>déan</span>, corresponding to Icel. -<span class='it'>daunn</span>, a smell, esp. a bad smell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deare,</span></span> harm; see <span class='bold'><a href='#dere'>dere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dearne, dearnful, dearnly;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dern'>dern, dernful, dernly</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>debate,</span></span> to combat, fight. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 6; Lucrece, 1421. -F. <span class='it'>debatre</span>, ‘to debate, contend’, (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>debel,</span></span> to conquer in war, defeat. Milton, P. R. iv. 605; Warner, -Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 8, st. 53. L. <span class='it'>delellare</span> (Virgil).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>debenter,</span></span> a voucher given in the Exchequer certifying to the recipient -the sum due to him, a ‘debenture’. Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 77. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deboshed,</span></span> debased, corrupted, ‘debauched’. Temp. iii. 2. 29; King -Lear, i. 4. 263; vilified, All’s Well, v. 3. 208; deboshtly, licentiously, Heywood, -Dialogue 4 (Works, vi. 173); ‘<span class='it'>Desbaucher</span>, to debosh’, Cotgrave. In -use in Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decard,</span></span> to ‘discard’, throw away a card, in a card-game; ‘Can you -decard?’, Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Phylocles).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decimo sexto,</span></span> a term applied to a small book, in which each leaf is -one-sixteenth of the whole sheet of paper; hence, <span class='it'>fig.</span>, a diminutive person -or thing; ‘My dancing braggart in decimo sexto’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, i. 1. (Mercury); ‘One bound up in decimo sexto’, Massinger, Maid -of Honour, ii. 2 (Sylli). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deck,</span></span> a pack of cards. 3 Hen. VI, v. i. 44; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, -p. 339); ‘Pride deales the Deck, whilst Chance doth choose the Card’, -Barnfield, Sheph. Content, viii (NED.). See Nares. In prov. use in -various parts of England, also in Ireland and America (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decline,</span></span> to turn aside, to swerve. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ps. cxix. 157; to turn a person -aside from, to divert, Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, iii. 1; Massinger, -Maid of Honour, i. 1 (Roberto); to undervalue, disparage, depreciate, -Shirley, Cardinal, ii. 1 (Alphonso); id., Brothers, i. 1; to subdue, ‘How -to decline their wives and curb their manners’, Beaumont and Fl., Rule -a Wife, ii. 4 (Estifania).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decrew,</span></span> to decrease. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 18. OF. <span class='it'>decreu</span>, F. <span class='it'>décrû</span>, pp. -of <span class='it'>decrestre</span> (<span class='it'>décroître</span>), to decrease.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>decus,</span></span> a crown-piece. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior). -A slang term; from the L. words <span class='it'>decus et tutamen</span>, engraved upon the rim.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deduce,</span></span> to deduct. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Sir Moth). L. <span class='it'>deducere</span>, -to lead away, withdraw.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deduct,</span></span> to reduce. Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Gnotho). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deduction,</span></span> a leading forth of a colony. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. -455; used as a synonym for ‘dismission’ (i.e. dismissal), id., xix. 423, 427. -L. <span class='it'>deductio</span>, a leading forth of a colony, deriv. of <span class='it'>deducere</span>, to lead forth, -conduct a colony to a place.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deduit,</span></span> diversion, enjoyment, pleasure. <span class='it'>Deduytes</span>, pleasures, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 27. 18. ME. <span class='it'>deduit</span>, pleasure (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2177), OF. -<span class='it'>deduit</span> (Bartsch), <span class='it'>deduyt</span> (Rabelais), Med. L. <span class='it'>deductus</span>, ‘animi oblectatio’ -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defail,</span></span> to defeat, cause to fail. Machin, Dumb Knight, i (Epire); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128. Only found here in this sense.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defalcate,</span></span> curtailed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 10, § 1. Med. L. -<span class='it'>defalcare</span>, ‘deducere, subtrahere’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defalk,</span></span> to cut off, deduct; ‘I defalke, I demynysshe, I cutte awaye’, -Palsgrave. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defame,</span></span> dishonour. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 316); Fletcher, -Prophetess, i. 1 (Aurelia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defeature,</span></span> defeat, ruin. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 17; disfigurement, -Com. Errors, ii. 1. 98; ii. 5. 299.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defend,</span></span> to forbid. Much Ado, ii. 1. 98; Marl., Massacre at Paris ii. 5 -(Navarre); Milton, P. L. xi. 86; Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 19. F. <span class='it'>défendre</span>, to -forbid.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>define,</span></span> to decide, settle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deform,</span></span> unsightly, ugly. Milton, P. L. ii. 706. Lat. <span class='it'>deformis</span>, unsightly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defoul, defoil,</span></span> to dishonour. Morte Arthur, leaf 39. 1; bk. ii, c. 1; -lf. 71. 28; bk. iv, c. 18. F. <span class='it'>defouler</span>, to tread or trample on (Cotgr.); -associated in meaning with the E. adj. <span class='it'>foul</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>defy,</span></span> to reject, disdain, despise. Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 75; Hamlet, v. 2. -230. OF. <span class='it'>desfier</span>, O. Prov. <span class='it'>desfiar</span>, <span class='it'>desfizar</span> ‘désavouer, répudier’ (Levy). -Med. L. <span class='it'>diffidare</span> (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Defy, vb.<sup>1</sup> 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='de'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>de gambo,</span></span> a ‘viol-de-gambo’. Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iv. 2 -(Antonio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#viol-de-gamboys'>viol-de-gamboys</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>degender,</span></span> to degenerate. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 2; Hymn of Heavenly -Love, 94.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>degree,</span></span> a step, stair; round of a ladder. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 26; Massinger, -Roman Actor, iii. 2. 21. F. <span class='it'>degré</span>, ‘a stair, step, greese’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dehort,</span></span> to dissuade. Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 106; Davenant, -The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). L. <span class='it'>dehortari</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delate,</span></span> to accuse. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca). <span class='it'>Delated</span>, fully -or expressly stated (or conveyed), Hamlet, i. 2. 38. Med. L. <span class='it'>delatare</span>, to -indict, accuse (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delay,</span></span> to temper, assuage, quench. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30; iii. 12. -42; Prothalamion, 3; to dilute, ‘She can drink a cup of wine not delayed -with water’, Davenport, City Nightcap, 1 (Dorothea); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -xiii. 114. OF. (Norm.) <span class='it'>desleier</span>, to unbind, soften by steeping, Romanic -type <span class='it'>disligare</span>, to unbend; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delewine, deal-wine,</span></span> an unidentified wine; supposed to have been -a Rhenish wine. B. Jonson, Mercury Vindicated (Mercury’s second -speech); Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1; where Sir T. Bornwell says—‘Where -<span class='it'>deal</span> and <span class='it'>backrag</span> [Bacharach] and what <span class='it'>strange wine else</span>’, &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delibate,</span></span> to taste, to taste a little of. Marmion, The Antiquary, iii. 1 -(Duke). L. <span class='it'>delibare</span>, to taste slightly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delice,</span></span> delight, pleasure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 28; iv. 10. 6. F. <span class='it'>délices</span>, pl, -L. <span class='it'>deliciae</span>, delights.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>delirement,</span></span> a crazy fancy, delusion. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii -(Amphitrio); vol. iii, p. 107; id., Dialogue 4; vol. vi, p. 179. F. <span class='it'>délirement</span>; -L. <span class='it'>deliramentum</span>, madness.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deliver,</span></span> active, nimble, agile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 12, -§ last; ‘Delyver of ones Gunnes as they that prove mastryes, <span class='it'>souple</span>. -Delyver redy quicke to do anythyng, <span class='it'>agile</span>, <span class='it'>delivré</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>deliver</span>, -quick, active (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 84). OF. <span class='it'>delivre</span>, <span class='it'>deslivre</span>, prompt, alert, -O. Prov. <span class='it'>deliure</span>, ‘libre, délivré; alerte; non chargé; en parlant d’une bête’; -see Levy. Med. L. <span class='it'>deliberare</span>, ‘liberare, redimere’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dell,</span></span> a virgin, a wench. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). -See Harman, Caveat, p. 75.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deluvye,</span></span> the deluge. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 273, back, 30. L. -<span class='it'>diluvium</span>, the deluge (Vulgate).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='demain'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demain,</span></span> demesne, domain. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 103; -<span class='it'>demeanes</span>, pl., Romeo, iii. 5. 182 (1592). ME. <span class='it'>demayn</span>, a possession (Trevisa), -see NED. (s.v. Demesne, 3); OF. <span class='it'>demeine</span>, Med. L. ‘<span class='it'>dominicum</span> quod -ad dominum spectat’ (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#payne'>payne mayne</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demean</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> behaviour, demeanour; ‘Another Damsell . . . modest of -demayne’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 40; treatment (of others), id. vi. 6. 18. -See Dict. (s.v. Demean (1)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demeans,</span></span> means of subsistence. Massinger, Picture, i. 1. 22.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demerit,</span></span> merit; in a good sense. Coriolanus, i. 1. 276; Othello, i. 2. -2; Shirley, Humorous Courtier, ii. 2 (Duchess).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demi-culverin,</span></span> a kind of cannon, with a bore of about 4 inches. B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iii. 1 (Bobadil).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demi-footcloth,</span></span> a demi-housing, or short housing; see <span class='bold'><a href='#footcloth'>footcloth</a>.</span> -Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 22.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demiss,</span></span> humble, abject. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 135. L. -<span class='it'>demissus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>democcuana,</span></span> not explained; perhaps, a kind of mixed drink; see -<span class='bold'><a href='#stiponie'>stiponie</a>.</span> Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir Frederick).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Demogorgon,</span></span> the name of one of the Spirits of the Abyss. Milton, -P. L. ii. 965; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; co-ruler with Beelzebub, in Marlowe -Faustus, iii. 18; the patron of alchemists, Howell, Instructions for Forraine -Travell (Arber’s ed., p. 81). Demogorgon is an important character in -Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound. Late L. <span class='it'>Demogorgon</span>, (1) the name of a -terrible deity invoked in magic rites, (2) the primordial God of ancient -mythology. Probably a corruption of Gk. δημιουργός, the Maker of the -World, the Fabricator, in the Neo-Platonic philosophy opp. to κτίστης, the -Creator. By popular etymology this δημιουργός was associated with the -Greek words δαίμων, a demon, and Γοργώ, the Gorgon, i.e. the Grim One -(γοργός). See Stanford, and NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dempt,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> ‘deemed’, adjudged. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 55; Shep. Kal., -Aug., 137.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>demulce,</span></span> to mollify. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 1. L. -<span class='it'>demulcere</span>, to stroke down.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>denay,</span></span> to deny. Greene, Alphonsus, iii (Medea); ed. Dyce, 237; denial, -Twelfth Nt. ii. 4. 127. Norm. F. <span class='it'>deneier</span>, ‘refuser, rejeter’ (Moisy), L. <span class='it'>denegare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>denier,</span></span> a French coin, the twelfth of a sou. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 91; -Richard III, i. 2. 252. OF. <span class='it'>denier</span>, L. <span class='it'>denarius</span>. The <span class='it'>denarius</span> was a Roman -silver coin of the value of ten ‘asses’ (about eightpence of modern English -money). When our accounts were kept in Latin, the term <span class='it'>denarius</span> was -used for our ‘penny’, and abbreviated <span class='it'>d.</span>; hence the <span class='it'>d</span> in our <span class='it'>£. s. d.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>depaint,</span></span> to depict. Sackville, Induction, st. 58; B. Googe, Popish -Kingdom, bk. i, fol. 10, l. 5. ME. <span class='it'>depeynten</span> (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>depart,</span></span> to separate; formerly in the Marriage Service, but altered at -the Savoy Conference into ‘till death us do part’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 14. -ME. <span class='it'>departe</span>, to separate (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1134).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>depart,</span></span> departure. Two Gent. v. 4. 96; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 20. F. -<span class='it'>départ</span>, departure.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dependence,</span></span> a quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’, or awaiting -settlement, according to the laws of the duello. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, -iv. 1 (Fitz.); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 5 (Sanchio). <span class='it'>Masters of Dependencies</span>, -needy bravoes, who undertook to regulate duels between the inexperienced, -Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 1 (Bertoldo); Fletcher, Elder -Brother, v. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deprave,</span></span> erroneously used for <span class='it'>deprive</span>. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, -pp. 499, 511; Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deprehend,</span></span> to detect, perceive. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10, -§ last but 4; Bacon, Sylva, § 98. L. <span class='it'>deprehendere</span>, to seize.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Derby’s bands;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Darby'>Darby’s bands</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dere,</span></span> to harm. Barclay, Mirror Good Manners (NED.); Palsgrave; -spelt <span class='it'>deare</span>, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, iii. 139; to annoy, trouble, grieve. Caxton, -Reynard (ed. Arber, 106); harm, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 48. ME. <span class='it'>deren</span>, -to harm, injure (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 651); to grieve (Cursor M. 7377); -OE. <span class='it'>derian</span>, to injure, annoy (Sweet). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dare1'>dare</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dern'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dern,</span></span> dark, solitary, wild. Pericles, iii, Prol. 15; King Lear, iii. 7. 63; -dark, dire; ‘Queene Elizabeth died, a dearne day to England’, Leigh, -Drumme Devot. 35 (NED.); ‘Dearne, <span class='it'>dirus</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. In prov. -use in the north country in the sense of dark, obscure, secret; also, dreary, -solitary, see EDD. (s.v. Dern, adj.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2). OE. (Anglian) <span class='it'>derne</span>, (WS.) -<span class='it'>dyrne</span>, <span class='it'>dierne</span>, secret, dark (BT. Suppl. s.v. Dirne).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>dernful,</span> dreary, Spenser, Mourning Muse, 90.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>dernly, dearnly,</span> mournfully, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 85; sternly, id., iii. -1. 14; iii. 12. 34.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>derrick,</span></span> a hangman; hanging; the gallows; ‘Derrick must be his -host’, Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 11; ‘Deric . . . is with us abusively used for -a Hangman because one of that name was not long since a famed executioner -at Tiburn’, Blount, Glossogr.; ‘I would there were a Derick to -hang up him’, Dekker, Seven Deadly Sins (ed. Arber, 17). Du. <span class='it'>Dierryk</span>, -<span class='it'>Diederik</span>, Theoderic.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>derring do,</span></span> daring action or feats, desperate courage; ‘A derring -doe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 65, and Dec, 43; F. Q. ii. 4. 42. [In -imitation of Spenser, Sir. W. Scott has the phrase ‘a deed of derring-do’ -(Ivanhoe, ch. 29).] Hence, <span class='it'>derring-doer</span>, F. Q. iv. 2. 38. Spenser’s -‘derring doe’ is due to a misunderstanding of a construction in Chaucer’s -Tr. and Cr. v. 837, where ‘in dorryng don’ means ‘in daring to do’ -(what belongeth to a Knight). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>descovenable,</span></span> unbefitting. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 15, back, 12. -Spelt <span class='it'>discouenable</span>, Game of the Chesse, bk. ii, c. 5 (p. 70 of Axon’s reprint). -OF. <span class='it'>descovenable</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>descrive,</span></span> to describe. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; vi. 12. 21. OF. -<span class='it'>descrivre</span>. L. <span class='it'>describere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dese,</span></span> a ‘dais’, a raised table in a hall at which distinguished persons -sat at feasts; ‘The hye dese’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 175. ME. <span class='it'>dese</span> -(Will. Palerne, 4564), <span class='it'>dees</span> (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1360, 1658). Norm. F. -<span class='it'>deis</span> (Moisy), Med. L. <span class='it'>discus</span>, a table (cp. G. <span class='it'>Tisch</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>design,</span></span> to indicate, show. Richard II, i. 1. 203; Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>despoiled,</span></span> partially stripped; as in playing at the palm-play. Surrey, -Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>desroy,</span></span> to ‘disarray’, disorder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 33. 26; -<span class='it'>desray</span>, id., lf. 188. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>detort,</span></span> to twist aside, to wrest. Dryden, Pref. to Religio Laici, § 4. -L. <span class='it'>detort-us</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>de-torquere</span>, to twist aside.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>detract,</span></span> to draw apart, pull asunder. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, -p. 515; to hold back, keep oneself in the background, Greene, James IV, -i. 1 (Ateukin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Deu guin!,</span></span> a Welsh exclamation; app. for <span class='it'>Duw gwyn!</span>, lit. ‘Blessed God’. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#Du'>Du cat-a whee</a>.</span> Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deuse a vyle,</span></span> the country. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Song); ‘<span class='it'>dewse a vyle</span>, the countrey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Rom-vile'>Rom-vile</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devant,</span></span> front of the dress; ‘Perfume my devant’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, v. 2 (Mercury). F. <span class='it'>devant</span>, before.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dever,</span></span> to ‘endeavour’; ‘<span class='it'>I dever</span>, I applye my mynde to do a thing’, -Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>deviceful,</span></span> full of devices, ingenious, curious. Spenser, F. Q. v. 3. 3; -Teares of the Muses, 385.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devoir,</span></span> duty. Spelt <span class='it'>devoyre</span>; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; <span class='it'>deuoyr</span>, -endeavour; Greene, Alphonsus, Prol. (near the end); <span class='it'>dever</span>, Sternhold -and Hopkins, Ps. xxii. 26. F. <span class='it'>devoir</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devolve,</span></span> to overturn, overthrow. Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius); -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, v. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devotion,</span></span> an offering made as an act of worship; a gift given in -charity, alms; ‘Then shal the Churche wardens . . . gather the devocion -of the people’, Bk. Com. Pr., Communion, 1552 (‘the alms for the -poor, and other devotions of the people’, 1662); Middleton, No Wit -like a Woman’s, ii. 2 (L. Twilight); <span class='it'>devotions</span>, objects of religious worship; -‘I beheld your devotions’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Acts xvii. 23 (‘the objects of your -worship’, R. V.); ‘Dametas . . . swearing by no meane devotions’, Sidney, -Arcadia (ed. 1598, p. 282). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>devow,</span></span> to devote. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Practice); Holland’s -Ammianus Marcellinus (Nares). F. <span class='it'>dévouer</span>, to devote.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dewle;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#dole2'>dole</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dewtry,</span></span> ‘datura’; hence, a drug made from the datura or thornapple, -a powerful narcotic. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1. 321; spelt <span class='it'>deutroa</span>, -Sir T. Herbert, Travels (ed. 1677, p. 337). Marathi, <span class='it'>dhutrā</span>; Skt. <span class='it'>dhattūra</span>. -See Stanford (s.v. Datura).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diacodion,</span></span> an opiate syrup prepared from poppy-heads. Bulleyn, -Dial. against Pestilence (EETS.), p. 51, l. 20; Congreve, Love for Love, -iii. 4 (Scandal.). L. <span class='it'>diacodion</span> (Pliny). <span class='it'>Dia</span> is a prefix set before medicinal -confections that were devised by the Greeks. Gk. διὰ κωδειῶν (a preparation) -made from poppy-heads.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diametral,</span></span> diametrically opposite. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1. 7.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diapasm,</span></span> a scented powder for sprinkling over the person. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. διάπασμα, from διαπάσσειν, to sprinkle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diapred,</span></span> adorned with a ‘diaper’ pattern; ‘And diapred lyke the -discolored mead’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 51.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dicacity,</span></span> raillery, sarcasm. Heywood, Dialogue 4, vol. vi, p. 185. -Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>dicax</span>, sarcastic.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dich:</span></span> in phr. ‘Much good dich thy good heart’, Timon, i. 2. 73; ‘Much -good do’t thy good heart’, Dekker, Satiro-mastix (Works, i. 204); ‘Much -good do’t yee’ (riming with ‘sit yee’), ib., i. 214; ‘Much good do it you’ -(vulgarly pronounced and phonetically spelt <span class='it'>mychgoditio</span> (Salesbury in -1550), quoted by Ellis in his Early English Pronunciation, p. 744, note 2. -So it is clear that <span class='it'>dich you</span> stands for <span class='it'>d’it you</span> = <span class='it'>do it you</span>. See further in Notes -on Eng. Etym., pp. 67-9. Cp. phrase in use in Cheshire and Lancashire, -‘Much good deet you’, see EDD. (s.v. Do, subj. mood, § 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dicion,</span></span> a dominion, kingdom. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 40; -Augustus, § 6. L. <span class='it'>dicio</span>, dominion, sovereignty.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dickens, the,</span></span> (in exclamations) the deuce! the devil! Merry Wives, -iii. 2. 20; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. 1, p. 40.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dicker,</span></span> half a score; esp. of hides or skins; ‘A dicker of cow-hides’, -Heywood; First Part of King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 39; The Marriage -Night, ii. 1 (Latchet); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 131. ME. <span class='it'>diker</span> (NED.), L. -<span class='it'>decuria</span>, a set of ten; from <span class='it'>decem</span>, ten. This Latin word was adopted by the -German tribes from ancient times. They had to pay tribute to the Romans -partly in skins, reckoned in <span class='it'>decuriae</span> (NED.). See Schade (s.v. Decher).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='didapper'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>didapper,</span></span> a diving bird; humorously, a mistress. Shirley, Gent. of -Venice, iii 4. 8. See <span class='bold'><a href='#divedopper'>divedopper</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Diego'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Diego,</span></span> a common name for a Spaniard. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 3 -(Face); iv. 4 (Subtle). Allusions are often made to a Spaniard so named -who committed an indecency in St. Paul’s Cathedral, as in Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). Span. <span class='it'>Diégo</span>, the proper name <span class='it'>James</span>, -gradually corrupted from <span class='it'>Jacobus</span>, whence <span class='it'>Yágo</span>, then <span class='it'>Diágo</span>, and at last -<span class='it'>Diégo</span> (Stevens). James was the patron saint of Spain. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Dondego'>Dondego</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diery,</span></span> harmful; ‘With dreadful <span class='it'>diery</span> dent Of wrathful warre’, Mirror -for Mag., Guidericus, st. 12; Carassus, st. 26. See <span class='bold'><a href='#dere'>dere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>difficile,</span></span> difficult. Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 53; spelt <span class='it'>dyfficyle</span>, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 311, back, 14. F. <span class='it'>difficile</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diffide in,</span></span> distrust. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, xi. 636; Congreve, -Old Bachelor, v. 1 (Bellmour). L. <span class='it'>diffidere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diffused,</span></span> dispersed, scattered. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 4; v. 11. 47; confused, -disordered, distracted, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 54; Hen. V, v. 2. 61.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diggon,</span></span> enough. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Jenkin); iii. 5 (Jenkin). -In both places the word is used by a Welshman; and in Shirley’s Wedding, -iii. 2, Lodam gives, as a specimen of Welsh—<span class='it'>diggon a camrag</span> (for <span class='it'>digon -o Cymraig</span>), i.e. ‘enough of Welsh.’ Welsh <span class='it'>digon</span>, enough.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dight,</span></span> to prepare. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 24; as <span class='it'>pp.</span>, arrayed, decked, -Shep. Kal., April, 29; prepared, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 522); -framed, Sackville, Induction, st. 55. ‘To dight’ is in prov. use in Scotland -and the north of England in the sense of ‘to prepare’, also, ‘to adorn, deck -oneself’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>dihten</span>, to prepare, array, equip (Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>dihtan</span>, -to appoint, order.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>digladiation,</span></span> a fencing contest, hand-to-hand fight; <span class='it'>fig.</span> disputation, -wrangling. Pattenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 17 (ed. Arber, p. 52). B. Jonson, -Discoveries, cxl. Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>digladiari</span>, to fight for life and death (Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dildo,</span></span> ‘a word of obscure origin, occurring in the refrains of ballads,’ -NED. In Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dill,</span></span> a sweetheart; a cant term; the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#dell'>dell</a>.</span> Middleton, Span. -Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dilling,</span></span> a darling, a well-beloved; ‘Vespasian the dilling of his time’, -Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896) iii. 27; the youngest, and therefore the -best-beloved child, Drayton, Pol. ii. 115. The word is in common prov. -use for the youngest child, also, the least and weakest of a brood or litter -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dimble,</span></span> a dingle, a deep dell. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); -Drayton, Pol. ii. 190. Allied to <span class='it'>dimple</span>, <span class='it'>dingle</span>. Still in use in the Midlands, -see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dint,</span></span> to strike. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 31; a stroke, blow, id. i. 7. 47.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dipsas,</span></span> a snake whose bite was said to produce extreme thirst. Milton, -P. L. x. 526; Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2. 1. Gk. δίψας, causing thirst; -from δίφα, thirst.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dirige,</span></span> a ‘dirge’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 5). ME. <span class='it'>dirige</span> -(<span class='it'>dyryge</span>) ‘offyce for dedeman’ (Prompt.). L. <span class='it'>dirige</span>: this word begins the -antiphon, ‘Dirige, Dominus meus, in conspectu tuo vitam meam’, used -in the first nocturn at mattins in the Office for the Dead; see Way’s note -in Prompt., and Notes to Piers Plowman, C. iv. 467.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dirk,</span></span> to darken, to obscure; ‘Thy wast bignes . . . dirks the beauty -of my blossomes rownd’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 134. See EDD. (s.v. -Dark, 8). ME. <span class='it'>derhyn</span>, or make <span class='it'>derk</span>, ‘obscuro, obtenebro’ (Prompt. -EETS., 137).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='disable'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disable,</span></span> to disparage. As You Like It, iv. 1. 34; Heywood, Eng. -Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); Fletcher, Island Princess, iv. 3 (Armusia); -spelt <span class='it'>dishable</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disadventure,</span></span> misfortune. <span class='it'>Dissaventures</span>, pl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 45. -ME. <span class='it'>disaventure</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 415).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disappointed,</span></span> unequipped, unprepared. Hamlet, i. 5. 77.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disceptation,</span></span> a discussion, debate. Spelt <span class='it'>desceptations</span>, pl.; Heywood, -Dialogue 18; vol. vi. p. 248. L. <span class='it'>disceptatio</span> (Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discide,</span></span> to cut or cleave in twain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 27. L. <span class='it'>discidere</span>, -to cut in twain.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disclose,</span></span> to hatch. Hamlet, v. 1. 310; Massinger, Maid of Honour, -i. 2 (Camiòla); the act of disclosing, the incubation, Hamlet, iii. 1. 175.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discoloured,</span></span> of various colours, variegated. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, v. 2 (Crites); v. 3 (Cupid); Beaumont, Masque of the Inner -Temple, l. 10; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 160. L. <span class='it'>discolor</span>, of different -colours.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discommodity,</span></span> a disadvantage. Bacon, Essay 33.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discourse,</span></span> faculty of reasoning, logical power; ‘discourse and reason’ -(i.e. logic and reason), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, ii. 1 (Malef. jun.); -‘Discourse of reason’, reasoning faculty, Hamlet, i. 2. 150.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discourse,</span></span> course of combat, mode of fighting. Beaumont and Fl., -King and No King, ii. 1 (Gob.); Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 14. L. <span class='it'>discursus</span>, -a running to and fro.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discretion,</span></span> disjunction, separation of parts, dissolution. Butler, -Hudibras, ii. 1. 204. L. <span class='it'>discretio</span> (Vulgate, Heb. v. 14 = διάκρισις).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discure,</span></span> to discover. Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 18. ME. <span class='it'>discure</span>, to -discover (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 549).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>discuss,</span></span> to shake off. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 48; to disperse, scatter; -Lyly, Woman in the Moon, ii. 1. 21. ME. <span class='it'>discusse</span>, to drive away (Chaucer, -Boethius); see NED. L. <span class='it'>discutere</span> (pp. <span class='it'>discussus</span>), to drive away.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disease,</span></span> discomfort, inconvenience. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 19; v. 7. 26. -ME. <span class='it'>disese</span>, inconvenience, distress (Chaucer); ‘A greet diseese’ (Wyclif, -Luke xxi. 23). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>desaise</span>, trouble (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disease,</span></span> to trouble, inconvenience; ‘Why diseasest thou the master’, -Tyndal, Mark v. 35; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 32; Middleton, The Witch, -iv. 2 (Isabella); to disturb, Chapman tr. Iliad, x. 45. See Trench, Sel. Gl.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disembogue,</span></span> <span class='it'>trans.</span>, to empty out. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. -562; to drive out, eject; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page). Also -in form <span class='it'>disimboque</span>, Hakluyt, Voyages, i. 104. Span. <span class='it'>desembocar</span>, to come -out of the mouth of a river.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disentrail,</span></span> to draw forth from the entrails or inward parts. Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 3. 28; iv. 6. 18.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disgest,</span></span> to digest. Coriolanus, i. 1. 154; Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 179 (in -old edd.). In general prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dishable;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#disable'>disable</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disheir,</span></span> to deprive of an heir. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 705.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disinteressed,</span></span> disinterested. Dryden, Religio Laici, 335. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#interessed'>interessed</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disleal,</span></span> disloyal. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 5. See Dict. (s.v. Leal).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dislike</span></span> (only in the 3rd pers.), to displease, annoy; ‘Ile do’t, but it -dislikes me’, Othello, ii. 3. 49; Middleton, Women beware, iii. 1 -(Leantio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disloignd,</span></span> distant, remote. Spencer, F. Q. iv. 10. 24. OF. <span class='it'>desloignier</span>, -to remove to a distance. O. Prov. <span class='it'>deslonhar</span>, ‘éloigner, écarter’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dismay,</span></span> to terrify; ‘I dismaye, I put a person in fere or drede, <span class='it'>je -desmaye</span> and <span class='it'>je esmaye</span>’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 4; to defeat by -a sudden onslaught, id. v. 2. 8; vi. 10. 13. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dismayd,</span></span> <span class='it'>dis-made</span>, mis-made, ill-formed. F. Q. ii. 11. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disme,</span></span> a dime, a tithe, tenth. Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 19. OF. <span class='it'>disme</span>, a -tenth; see Ducange (s.v. Decimae). L. <span class='it'>decima</span>, a tenth part.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispace,</span></span> to range, to move or walk about. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, -295; Muiopotmos, 250. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>spaziare</span>, to walk about (Fanfani).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disparage,</span></span> inequality of rank in marriage; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 50. -ME. <span class='it'>disparage</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 908). Norm. F. <span class='it'>desparager</span>, mésallier; -<span class='it'>desparagement</span>, mésalliance, union inégale (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disparent,</span></span> unequal, odd; with reference to the number five. ‘A -disparent pentacle’, i.e. a pentacle with an odd number of angles, Hero -and Leander, iii. 123; ‘The odd disparent number’, i.e. the odd number -of five, id. v. 323.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='disparkle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disparkle,</span></span> to scatter abroad, disperse (<span class='it'>trans.</span> and <span class='it'>intr.</span>); ‘<span class='it'>Esparpiller</span>, -to scatter, disperse, disparkle’, Cotgrave; ‘It disparcleth the mist’, -Holland, Pliny, ii. 45; ‘Not suffering his radiations to disparcle abrode’ -Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78); see Nares. An altered form -of the earlier <span class='it'>disparple</span>, see NED. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sparkle'>sparkle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disparple, disperple,</span></span> to scatter abroad, disperse. Chapman, tr. -Odyssey, x. 473; <span class='it'>dispurple</span>, Heywood, Silver Age, iii (Wks. iii. 144). -ME. <span class='it'>disparple</span> (Wyclif, Mark xiv. 27); see Dict. M. and S. OF. <span class='it'>desparpelier</span>; -for etym. from *<span class='it'>parpalio</span>, a Romanic form of L. <span class='it'>papilio</span>, a butterfly (as in -Ital. <span class='it'>parpaglione</span>, O. Prov. <span class='it'>parpalho</span>); see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispense,</span></span> liberal expenditure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 42; v. 11. 45.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispergement,</span></span> ‘disparagement’, indignity. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. ii, c. 12, § 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>display,</span></span> to discover, get sight of, descry. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 76; -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 74; xvii. 90; xxii. 280. See NED. (s.v. -Display, vb. 9).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disple,</span></span> to subject to the ‘discipline’ of the scourge, to scourge; ‘Bitter -Penance with an yron whip Was wont him once to disple every day’, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27. In monastic Latin <span class='it'>disciplina</span> = (1) a penitential -whipping, (2) the instrument of punishment itself; see Ducange (s.v.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispose,</span></span> disposal; disposition. Two Gent. ii. 7. 86; Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. -174; Othello, i. 3. 403.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disposed,</span></span> inclined to merriment; in a merry mood. L. L. L. ii. 1. -250; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4 (Lady H.); Custom of -the Country, i. 1. 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dispunct,</span></span> impolite, discourteous, the reverse of punctilious; ‘Let’s -be retrograde. <span class='it'>Amorphus.</span> Stay. That were dispunct to the ladies’, B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disqueat,</span></span> to disquiet, trouble. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 5, -st. 39. See <span class='bold'><a href='#queat'>queat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disseat,</span></span> to unseat. Macbeth, v. 3. 21; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 85.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disseise,</span></span> to dispossess. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; vii. 7. 48. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>disseisir</span> (Rough List). A compound of OF. <span class='it'>seisir</span> (<span class='it'>saisir</span>), to put into possession, -Frankish L. <span class='it'>sacire</span>; of Germanic origin—<span class='it'>satjan</span> (OHG. <span class='it'>sazjan</span>), to -set, place; see NED. (s.v. Seize). Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>sagire</span>, to put in full and quiet -possession, namely of lands (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dissident,</span></span> differing, different. Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, pp. -66, 130. L. <span class='it'>dissidens</span>, differing, disagreeing.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dissite,</span></span> situated apart, remote. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, vii. 270. L. -<span class='it'>dissitus</span>, situated part.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dissolve,</span></span> to solve; ‘Dissolve this doubtful riddle’, Massinger, Duke -of Milan, iv. 3 (Sforza); <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Daniel v. 16. [‘Thou hadst not between -death and birth Dissolved the riddle of the earth’, Tennyson, Two -Voices, 170.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='distance'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distance,</span></span> disagreement, estrangement. Macbeth, iii. 1. 115; ‘Distances -between his lady and him’, Pepys, Diary, Sept. 11, 1666. ME. -<span class='it'>destance</span>, difference (Gower, C. A. iii. 611). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>destance</span>, dispute, -disagreement (Gower, Mirour, 4957). See <span class='bold'><a href='#staunce'>staunce</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distaste,</span></span> to have no taste for, to dislike, King Lear, i. 3. 14; to offend -the taste, Othello, iii. 3. 327.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distempered,</span></span> not temperate. Drayton, Pol. i. 4; disturbed in temper, -humour, King John, iv. 3. 21; disordered physically, Sonnet, 153; -mentally disordered, Milton, P. L. iv. 807; Massinger, Duke of Milan, -i. 1. 18.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distract,</span></span> torn or drawn asunder; torn to pieces. Sh., Lover’s Complaint, -231; perplexed by having the thoughts drawn in different directions, -Milton, Samson Ag. 1556; deranged in mind, Julius C., iv. 3. 155; -Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 212. L. <span class='it'>distractus</span>, drawn asunder, distracted.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>distreyn,</span></span> to vex, distress. Sackville, Induction, st. 14; Surrey, -The Lover comforteth himself, 2; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 14. F. <span class='it'>destreindre</span>, -‘to straine, presse, vexe extremely’ (Cotgr.); L. <span class='it'>distringere</span>, to draw -asunder.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>disyellow,</span></span> to free from jaundice. Warner, Albion’s England; bk. ii, -ch. 10, st. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dit, ditt,</span></span> a poetical composition, a ditty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 13. -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ditch-constable,</span></span> a term of contempt. Middleton, A Mad World, -v. 2 (Follywit).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dite,</span></span> to winnow corn. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 498. Hence <span class='it'>diter</span>, one -who ‘dites’, id., v. 499. In common use in this sense in Scotland and -the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dight, 6).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diurnal,</span></span> a journal, newspaper. Butler, Hudibras, i. 2. 268; Tatler, -no. 204, § 4. L. <span class='it'>diurnalis</span>, daily; from <span class='it'>dies</span>, day.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='divedopper'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>divedopper,</span></span> a small diving water-fowl. Drayton, Man in the Moon, -188. See <span class='bold'><a href='#didapper'>didapper</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diverse,</span></span> to turn aside; ‘The Redcrosse Knight diverst’, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 3. 62. Only found here in this sense.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diversivolent,</span></span> of variable will, changeable. Webster, White Devil -(Lawyer), ed. Dyce, p. 20; (Flamineo), p. 25. A word coined by Webster.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>diversory,</span></span> a place to which one turns in by the way. Chapman, tr. -Odyssey, xiv. 538. L. <span class='it'>diversorium</span>, an inn, freq. in Vulgate, cp. Luke ii. 7; -xxii. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>divine,</span></span> to render divine, to canonize. Spenser, Daphn., 214; Ruins of -Time, 611; Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 191.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>divulst,</span></span> torn apart. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1. 4. L. <span class='it'>diuulsus</span>, pp. -of <span class='it'>diuellere</span>, to pluck asunder.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dizen,</span></span> to put flax on a distaff; ‘I dysyn a dystaffe, I put the flaxe upon -it to spynne’, Palsgrave; to dress, attire, ‘bedizen’; ‘Come, Doll, Doll, -dizen me’, Beaumont and Fl., M. Thomas, iv. 6. 3. In common use in the -north country in the sense of ‘to dress showily’ (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. -Distaff).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dizling,</span></span> (perhaps) making dizzy, confusing; ‘His torch with dizling -smoke Was dim’, Golding, Metam. x. 6 (L. ‘Fax . . . lacrymoso stridula -fumo’).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dizzard, dizard,</span></span> a blockhead, foolish fellow. Brewer, Lingua, iii. 1 -(end). A Yorkshire word; cp. ‘dizzy’, used in the north country in the -sense of ‘foolish, stupid, half-witted’; OE. <span class='it'>dysig</span> (Matt. vi. 26, ‘stultus’).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>do,</span></span> to cause; ‘The villany . . . Which some hath put to shame, and -many done be dead’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 29; phr. <span class='it'>I cannot do withal</span>, I cannot -help it, Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (Sir Oliver); ‘I could not do withal’ -Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72. ME. <span class='it'>doon</span>, <span class='it'>do</span>, to cause (Chaucer, freq.).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>do way!</span> forbear! Surrey, A Song, 21; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 219.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dob-chick,</span></span> a dab-chick, a small diving bird, <span class='it'>Podiceps minor</span>. Drayton, -Pol. xxv. 80; spelt <span class='it'>dop-chick</span>, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 686. ‘Dob-chick’ -is in common prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>docket,</span></span> the fleshy part of an animal’s tail. Greene, James IV, i. 2 -(Slip). Dimin. of <span class='it'>dock</span>, in the same sense. See NED. (s.v. Dock, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doctor,</span></span> a false die; loaded so as to fall only in two or three ways. A -slang term; a ‘doctored die’, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum); -Cibber, Woman’s Wit, i (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dodder'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dodder,</span></span> to tremble or shake from frailty; ‘Dodder grasses . . . so called -because with the least puff or blast of wind it doth as it were dodder and -tremble’, Minsheu, Ductor.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doddered:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>doddered oak</span>, decayed with age; ‘Dodder’d oak’, Dryden, -tr. Persius, Sat. v. 80; Virgil, Past. ix. 9; ‘Doddered oaks’, Palamon -and Arc., iii. 905; Pope, Odyssey, xx. 200. ‘Doddered’ is in prov. use in -the north country in the sense of old, decayed, trembling: ‘A <span class='it'>doddered</span> old -man’, see EDD. s.v. Dother, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (1)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dodkin,</span></span> a little doit; a coin of very small value. Lyly, Mother Bombie, -ii. 2 (end). Du. <span class='it'>duytken</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>duyt</span>, a doit (Hexham). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doff,</span></span> a repulse, a ‘put off’. Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 276.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dog,</span></span> to follow after; ‘To dog the fashion’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of -Humour, iv. 6 (Macilente).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dogbolt,</span></span> a contemptible fellow, mean wretch. Fletcher, Span. Curate, -ii. 2 (Lopez); Wit without Money, iii. 1. 32. As adj., worthless, base, -Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 40. The orig. sense was (probably) a crossbow-bolt, -only fit for shooting at a dog; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dog-leach,</span></span> a dog-doctor; a term of reproach. Fletcher, Mad Lover, -iii. 2 (Memnon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doily,</span></span> the name of a cheap stuff. Dryden, Kind Keeper, iv. 1; ‘doily -stuff’, Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iv. 4 (Lady Fanciful). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dole,</span></span> portion in life; ‘Happy man be his dole’ (i.e. may happiness be -his portion), Merry Wives, iii. 4. 68; Butler, Hud., pt. i, c. 3. 638.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dole2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dole, dool,</span></span> grief, mourning, lamentation. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., -155; F. Q. iv. 8. 3. Spelt <span class='it'>dewle</span>, Sackville, Induction, st. 14. In prov. use -in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dole, sb.<sup>2</sup>). OF. <span class='it'>dol</span>, -<span class='it'>deul</span>, sorrow; see Bartsch (s.v. Duel). See <span class='bold'><a href='#duill'>duill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dole</span></span> (landmark); see <span class='bold'><a href='#dool1'>dool</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dolent,</span></span> a sorrowing one, a sufferer. Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 82. L. <span class='it'>dolens</span>, grieving.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doly,</span></span> doleful, sad; ‘In doly season’, Wounds of Civil War, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 170; ‘This dolye chaunce’, Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 57). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dole2'>dole</a></span> (grief).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>domineer,</span></span> to revel, feast; to live like a lord. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 226; -B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 1. 76 (Downright).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dommerar'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dommerar, dummerer,</span></span> a begging vagabond who feigns to be dumb. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 9. See Harman, Caveat, p. 57; ‘Dummerers, -Abraham men’, Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896), i. 409.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Dondego'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dondego,</span></span> a Spaniard; short for ‘Don Diego’. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt -(Brett), ed. Dyce, p. 198. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Diego'>Diego</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>done, donne,</span></span> to do. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28; vi. 10. 32. ME. <span class='it'>doon</span>, -<span class='it'>don</span>, to do; <span class='it'>done</span>, <span class='it'>doon</span>, ger. (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>dōn</span>, to do.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='donny'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>donny,</span></span> somewhat ‘dun’, or brownish. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 400. -See NED. (s.v. Dunny, adj.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>donzel, donsel,</span></span> a squire, a page, youth. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4. -20; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). Ital. <span class='it'>donzello</span>, ‘a damosell, -page, squire, serving-man’ (Florio). Med. L. <span class='it'>domicellus</span>, <span class='it'>domnicellus</span> -(Ducange); dimin. of L. <span class='it'>dominus</span>, lord. See Dict. (s.v. Damsel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dool1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dool, dole, dowle,</span></span> a boundary-mark; ‘With dowles and ditches’, -Golding, Metam. i. 136; fol. 3 (1603); ‘They pullid uppe the doolis’, -Paston Letters, i. 58. Low G. <span class='it'>dōle</span>, <span class='it'>dōl</span>, a boundary-mark (Koolman). ‘Dool’ -is in common prov. use in this sense in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Dool, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dool;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dole2'>dole</a></span> (grief).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>door:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to keep the door</span>, to be a pandar. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -iv. 4 (Trimtram). <span class='it'>Door-keeper</span>, a bawd; id., The Black Book, ed. Dyce, -vol. iv, p. 525.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dop,</span></span> a dip, duck, low bow. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); -to dip, duck, dive, bob; Dryden, Epilogue to the Unhappy Favourite, 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dop,</span></span> to baptize. God’s Promises, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 318. Du. -<span class='it'>doopen</span>, to dip, baptize (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dopper, doper,</span></span> a (Dutch) Anabaptist; ‘This is a <span class='it'>dopper</span> (old ed. <span class='it'>doper</span>), -a she Anabaptist’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Register); News -from the New World (Factor). Du. <span class='it'>dooper</span>, a dipper, baptizer (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dor,</span></span> scoff, mockery. Phr. <span class='it'>to give the dor</span>, to make game of, B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2; <span class='it'>to receive the dor</span>, to be marked, Beaumont and Fl., -Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 29. Icel. <span class='it'>dār</span>, scoff.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dor,</span></span> to make game of, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iv. 1. 15. -Icel. <span class='it'>dāra</span> to mock, make sport of.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dorado,</span></span> name of a species of fish; ‘The <span class='it'>Dorado</span>, which the English -confound with the Dolphin, is much like a Salmon’, J. Davies, tr. -Mandelslo (ed. 1669, iii. 196); a wealthy person, ‘A troop of these -ignorant Doradoes’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. ii, § 1. Span. <span class='it'>dorado</span>, -‘a fish called a Dory, or Gilt head, an enemy to the Flying Fish’ (Stevens); -<span class='it'>dorar</span>, to gild; L. <span class='it'>deaurare</span>. See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dorp,</span></span> a village. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 238, 298; Dryden, Hind and -Panther, iii. 6. 11. Du. <span class='it'>dorp</span>, a village. See Dict. (s.v. Thorp).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dorre,</span></span> applied to species of bees or flies; a bumble-bee; a drone-bee; -<span class='it'>fig.</span> a drone, a lazy idler; ‘Gentlemen which cannot be content to live -idle themselfes, lyke dorres’, Robynson, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 38). -OE. <span class='it'>dora</span>, ‘atticus’ (Epinal Gl., 119); cp. ‘Adticus, feld beo, dora’ in -Cleopatra Glosses (Voc. 351. 22). See NED. (s.v. Dor, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dorser;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dosser'>dosser</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dortour,</span></span> a sleeping room, bedchamber. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 24. -ME. <span class='it'>dortour</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1855). Norm. F. <span class='it'>dortur</span> (Moisy), OF. <span class='it'>dortoir</span>, -Monastic L. <span class='it'>dormitorium</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dosser'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dosser,</span></span> a basket, pannier. Merry Devil, i. 3. 142; Jonson, Staple of -News, ii. [4.] (Almanac); spelt <span class='it'>dorser</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Night-Walker, -i. 1 (Lurcher). An E. Anglian word for a pannier slung over a horse’s -back (EDD). ME. <span class='it'>dosser</span>, a basket to carry on the back (Chaucer, Hous F. -1940). F. <span class='it'>dossier</span>, ‘partie d’une hotte qui s’appuie sur le dos de celui qui -la porte’ (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dotes,</span></span> endowments, good qualities. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 2 -(Cler.); Underwoods, c. 25. L. <span class='it'>dotes</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>dos</span>, an endowment.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dottrel, dotterel,</span></span> a pollarded tree; also used attrib.; ‘Old dotterel -trees’, Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 137); ‘A long-set -dottrel’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 465. ‘Dotterel’ is used in this -sense near Oxford, and in the south Midlands (EDD).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>double reader,</span></span> a lawyer who is going through a second course of -reading; ‘I am a bencher, and now double reader’, B. Jonson, Magnetic -Lady, iv. 1 (Practice); ‘Men came to be <span class='it'>single readers</span> at 15 or 16 years -standing in the House [Inn of Court] and <span class='it'>read double</span> about 7 years afterwards’, -Sir W. Dugdale, Orig. Jur., 209 (Glossary to Jonson).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doubt,</span></span> i.e. <span class='it'>’doubt</span>, a shortened form of <span class='it'>redoubt</span>, a fortification. Chapman, -tr. of Iliad, xii. 286.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doucepere,</span></span> an illustrious knight or paladin. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. -31; orig. only used in the pl.: ME. <span class='it'>dozepers</span> (<span class='it'>douzepers</span>), the twelve peers -or paladins of Charlemagne. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>li duze per</span> (Ch. Rol. 3187). See -NED. (s.v. Douzepers).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dough;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dow'>dow</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dought,</span></span> to make afraid, Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Suctonius). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dout'>dout</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>douse,</span></span> to strike violently; ‘To death with daggers <span class='it'>doust</span>’ (also wrongly, -<span class='it'>dounst</span>, in ed. 1587), Mirror for Magistrates, Henry VI, st. 4. In prov. -use in the north country (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>douse,</span></span> a sweetheart. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 7. F. <span class='it'>douce</span>, fem. of -<span class='it'>doux</span>, sweet; L. <span class='it'>dulcis</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dout'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dout,</span></span> fear; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 37. OF. <span class='it'>doute</span>, fear.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dow,</span></span> to thrive; ‘He’ll never dow’ (i.e. he’ll never do well), Ray, -North C. Words, 13; spelt <span class='it'>dough</span>, to be in health, Heywood, The Fair -Maid, ii. 1 (Clem). ‘Dow’ is in prov. use in the north, meaning -to thrive, prosper, also, to recover from sickness (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>dowe</span>, -pr. s. 1 p., am able to do (Wars Alex. 4058). OE. <span class='it'>dugan</span>, to be able, to be -vigorous (see Wright, OE. Gram. § 541).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dowcets'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowcets,</span></span> the testicles of a deer. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 -(1 Woodman); B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 6. In old cookery books <span class='it'>dowset</span> -was the name of a sweet dish. F. <span class='it'>doucet</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>doux</span>, sweet. See -NED. (s.v. Doucet), and cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#dulcet'>dulcet</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowe,</span></span> ‘dough’. Lyly, Endimion, i. 2 (Tellus); ‘A lytell leven doth -leven the whole lompe of dowe’, Tyndale, Gal. v. 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowl</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> soft fine feathers. Tempest, iii. 3. 65 (see W. A. Wright’s -note). In prov. use in the S. Midlands for down or fluff (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>doule</span>, a down-feather (Plowman’s Tale, st. 14). See Notes on Eng. Etym.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowle,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dool1'>dool</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dowsabell,</span></span> a sweetheart. A name, used as a term for a sweetheart. -Com. of Errors, iv. 1. 110; London Prodigal, iv. 2. 73. F. <span class='it'>douce-belle</span>, L. -<span class='it'>dulcibella</span>, sweet and fair.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>doxy,</span></span> a vagabond’s mistress. (Cant.) Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 2; Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). See Harman, Caveat, p. 73; where the -sing. form is <span class='it'>doxe</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drabler, drabbler,</span></span> an additional piece of canvas, laced to the bottom -of a bonnet of a sail. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1328); p. 134, -col. 2; Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Y. Forrest); vol. vi, -p. 416. From <span class='it'>drabble</span>, to wet; from its position. Cp. E. Fris. <span class='it'>drabbeln</span>, to -stamp about in the water (Koolman). See EDD. (s.v. Drabble).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dragon,</span></span> the name of a stage in the fermentation for producing the -elixir. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drake,</span></span> a dragon. Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory, ed. Dyce, p. 563. -‘<span class='it'>Drake</span>, dragon’, Levins, Manipulus. OE. <span class='it'>draca</span>, L. <span class='it'>draco</span>, Gk. δράκων.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drane,</span></span> a drone. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 3; Skelton, -Against the Scottes, 172. ME. <span class='it'>drane</span>, ‘fucus’ (Prompt.). The pronunc. -of drone in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>drān</span> (<span class='it'>drǣn</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drapet,</span></span> a cloth, a covering. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 27. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>drappetto</span>, -dimin. of <span class='it'>drappe</span>, cloth.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drasty,</span></span> worthless, rubbishy; ‘Drasty sluttish geere’, Hall, Sat. v. 2. -49; ‘Drasty ballats’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicioso). In several -places the <span class='it'>s</span> has been misprinted as <span class='it'>f</span>; the error originated with Thynne, -who, in 1532, twice substituted <span class='it'>drafty</span> for <span class='it'>drasty</span> in the Prologue to Melibeus: -‘Thy drasty spectre’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2113); ‘Thy drasty ryming’ (id. -2120); see NED. OE. <span class='it'>dræstig</span>, ‘feculentus’ (Voc. 238. 20).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>draw-cut,</span></span> done by drawing <span class='it'>cuts</span> or lots. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, -Aeneid i, 515. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cut1'>cut</a></span> (1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drawer,</span></span> a waiter at a tavern. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 165; Romeo, iii. -1. 9. One who <span class='it'>draws</span> liquor for guests.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drawer-on,</span></span> an incitement to appetite. Massinger, Guardian, ii. 3 -(Cario).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drawlatch,</span></span> lit. one who lifts a latch; a sneaking thief. Jacob and -Esau, ii. 3 (Esau).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dray,</span></span> a squirrel’s nest. Drayton, Quest of Cynthia, st. 51; [The squirrel] -‘Gets to the wood, and hides him in his dray’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals, -bk. i, song 5. A prov. word in general use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='drazel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drazel,</span></span> a slattern, slut. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 987. The word is in use -in the south of England, in Sussex and Hampshire, see EDD. (s.v. Drazil).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dread,</span></span> an object of reverence or awe. Milton, Samson, 1473; ‘Una, -his deare dreed’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drent,</span></span> drowned. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 49; v. 7. 39. ME. <span class='it'>dreint</span> (<span class='it'>dreynt</span>), -pp. of <span class='it'>drenchen</span>, to drown (Chaucer, Bk. Duchess, 148).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drere,</span></span> grief, sorrow, gloom. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 40; ii. 12. 36. Hence, -<span class='it'>drerihed</span>, sadness, id., Muiopotmos, 347; <span class='it'>dreriment</span>, Shep. Kal., Nov., 36.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dresser.</span></span> The signal for the servants to take in the dinner was the -cook’s knocking on the dresser, thence called the cook’s drum (Nares); -‘When the dresser, the cook’s drum, thunders’, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, -iii. 1 (Steward); ‘The dresser calls in (<span class='it'>Knock within, as at dresser</span>)’, Heywood, -Witches of Lancs., iii. 1 (Seely); vol. iv, p. 206; ‘Hark! they knock to the -dresser’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dretched,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>, vexed or disturbed by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf 402. -31; bk. xx, c. 5. OE. <span class='it'>dreccan</span>, to vex.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>dretchyng of swevens,</span> vexation by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf -430*. 7; bk. xxi, c. 12.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drib,</span></span> to let fall in drops or driblets, to dribble out. Dryden, Prologue -to The Loyal Brother, 22. Cp. prov. ‘drib’, a drop, a small quantity of -liquid (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dricksie,</span></span> decayed; as timber; ‘A drie and dricksie oak’, Puttenham, -Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 252. See <span class='it'>Droxy</span> in EDD.; and <span class='it'>Drix</span> in NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drink,</span></span> to smoke tobacco. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Laxton). A -common expression. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drivel,</span></span> a drudge, a servant doing menial work; ‘A Drudge, or driuell’, -Baret (1580); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2, 3; ‘A dyshwasher, a dryvyll’, Skelton, -Against Garnesche, 26. Spelt <span class='it'>drevil</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 12. ME. -<span class='it'>drivil</span>, a drudge, a menial (see Prompt. EETS., note no. 588); cp. Du. <span class='it'>drevel</span>, -‘a scullion, or a turnspit’ (Hexham). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>droil,</span></span> a drudge, a menial. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, -ii. 1. 19; Brome, New Acad. ii, p. 40 (Nares). See Prompt. EETS. (note -no. 588).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>droil,</span></span> to drudge. Spelt <span class='it'>droyle</span>, Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 157. Hence -<span class='it'>droil</span>, drudgery, Shirley, Gentlemen of Venice, i. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drollery,</span></span> a puppet-show; a puppet; a caricature. Tempest, iii. 3. 21; -Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Wildgoose Chase, i. 2. 21; 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 1. 156. F. <span class='it'>drôlerie</span>, ‘waggery; a merry prank’; <span class='it'>dróle</span>, ‘a good fellow, -boon companion, merry grig, pleasant wag; one that cares not which end -goes forward or how the world goes’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dromound,</span></span> a large ship, propelled by many oars. Morte Arthur, leaf -82, back, 30; bk. v, c. 3 (end). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>dromund</span> (Rough List), OF. -<span class='it'>dromon</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>dromō</span> (Ducange), Byzant. Gk. δρόμων, a large ship; cogn. -with Gk. δρόμος, a racing, a course.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drone,</span></span> to smoke (a pipe); ‘Droning a tobacco-pipe’, B. Jonson, Sil. -Woman, iv. 1; Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dronel, dronet,</span></span> a drone; ‘That dronel’, Appius and Virginia, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 151; ‘Like vnto dronets’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, To -Reader (ed. Furnivall, p. xi).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dropshot:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>at dropshot</span>; ‘I’ll do no more at dropshot’ (i.e. I’ll -do no more in the character of an eaves-dropper, or where one can be <span class='it'>shot</span> -with <span class='it'>drops</span>), Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, iii. 6 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drossel,</span></span> a slattern, a slut. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 47, -st. 12. A north Yorkshire word (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#drazel'>drazel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drouson;</span></span> ‘Boiling oatemeale . . . with barme or the dregges and -hinder ends of your beere barrels makes an excellent pottage . . . of great -vse in all the parts of the West Countrie . . . called by the name of drouson -potage’, Markham, Farewell, 133 (EDD.); ‘Drowsen broath’, London -Prodigal, ii. 1. 42. OE. <span class='it'>drōsna</span>, lees, dregs.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>droye,</span></span> a servant, a drudge. Spelt <span class='it'>droie</span>; Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 3; -Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>droye,</span></span> to drudge, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 664.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>druggerman,</span></span> a ‘dragoman’, interpreter. Dryden, Don Sebastian, -ii. 1 (Emperor); [Pope, Donne’s Sat. iv. 83]. See Dict. (s.v. Dragoman); -also Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drum:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>Jack Drum’s entertainment</span>, ill-treatment, esp. by turning -a man out of doors, Heywood, ii. 2 (Sencer). <span class='it'>To sell by the drum</span>, to sell -by auction; in North’s Plutarch, Octavius, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., p. 255, -n. 3); hence, <span class='it'>by the dromme</span> (by the drum), in public, Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. ix, c. 53, st. 31.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drumble,</span></span> to be sluggish, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; a sluggish, stupid -person, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. A dull, -inactive person is called a ‘drummil’ in Warwickshire. A person -moving lazily about is said to ‘drumble’ in Cornwall (EDD.). Norw. -<span class='it'>drumla</span>, to be drowsy; Swed. <span class='it'>drummel</span>, a blockhead.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drumslade, dromslade,</span></span> a drum; ‘Dromslade, suche as Almayns -use in warre, <span class='it'>bedon</span>’, Palsgrave. Also spelt <span class='it'>drumslet</span>; Golding, Metam. -xii. 481; fol. 149, bk. (1603). Du. <span class='it'>trommelslag</span> (G. <span class='it'>trommelschlag</span>), the beat -of a drum.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>drumsler,</span></span> a drummer. Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 224, 241. A form corrupted -from <span class='it'>drumslager</span>, once in use to mean ‘drummer’. Du. <span class='it'>trommelslager</span>, -a drummer (Sewel). See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dry-fat,</span></span> a cask, case, or box for holding dry things, not liquids; ‘A -dry-fat of new books’, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, i. 2 (Brisae); -<span class='it'>dry-vat</span>, Dekker, Shoemakers’ H., v. 2 (Firk). See Dict. (s.v. Vat).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dry-foot:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to draw</span> or <span class='it'>hunt dry-foot</span>, to track game by the mere scent -of the foot. Com. Errors, iv. 2. 39; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 2 (Brainworm).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Du'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Du cat-a whee,</span></span> God preserve you! Beaumont and Fl., Custom of -the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); Monsieur Thomas, i. 2. 8; <span class='it'>Dugat a whee</span>, -Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Welshwoman). Welsh <span class='it'>Duw cadw chwi</span>, -God preserve you!</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dub,</span></span> a stroke, blow; <span class='it'>Lydian dubs</span>, soft taps, like soft Lydian music; -<span class='it'>Phrygian dubs</span>, hard blows, like loud Phrygian music. Butler, Hudibras, -ii. 1. 850.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ducdame,</span></span> a word in the burden of a song. In As You Like It, ii. 5. -56. Doubtless a coined word, and admirably defined by Shakespeare as -‘a Greek invocation to call fools into a circle’; which I accept as it -stands.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duce.</span></span> Used in interjectional and imprecatory phrases; ‘I wonder -where a duce the third is fled’, Roger Boyle, Guzman, i; ‘Who a duce -are those two fellows?’ id., ii; ‘Who a duce is here by our door?’ (Socia), -Echard, Plautus (ed. 1694, 13); Centlivre, Busie Body (ed. 1732, 41).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>duce</span> is the same word as <span class='it'>deuce</span>, an E. form of F. <span class='it'>deux</span>, two. The orig. -sense of ‘a duce’ was exclamatory, signifying, ‘Oh! ill-luck, the <span class='it'>deuce</span>!’—two -being a losing throw at dice. The form <span class='it'>duce</span> came to us immediately -from a Low G. dialect—<span class='it'>dûs</span>, found in MHG.; cp. G. ‘was der -Daus!’ (what the deuce!). See Dict. (s.v. Deuce).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dudder,</span></span> to tremble, quake, shake. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 -(Cuddy). ‘Dudder’ is a prov. word in various parts of Scotland and -England, see EDD. (s.v. Duther). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dodder'>dodder</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dudgeon,</span></span> the hilt of a dagger made of a kind of wood called dudgin -(dudgeon). Macbeth, ii. 1. 46. ME. <span class='it'>dojoun</span>, or masere (Prompt., ed. Way, -436).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dudgeon,</span></span> the same word as the one above, used attrib. in the sense of -plain, homely; since a <span class='it'>dudgeon</span> was regarded as a common sort of haft; -‘I am plain and dudgeon’, Fletcher, Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); ‘I use -old dudgeon’, phrase, id., Queen of Corinth, ii. 4 (Conon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dudgeon-dagger,</span></span> a dagger with a hilt made of ‘dudgeon’. Beaumont -and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1 (Curio); <span class='it'>dudgin dagger</span>, Kyd, Soliman, i. 3. 160. -Shortened to <span class='it'>dudgeon</span>, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 379.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dugat a whee;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Du'>Du cat-a whee</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='duill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duill,</span></span> to grieve, sadden, make sorrowful; ‘It duills me’, B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maudlin). Cp. F. <span class='it'>deuil</span>, grief. See <span class='bold'><a href='#dole2'>dole</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duke,</span></span> a name for the castle or rook, at chess; ‘Dukes? They’re -called Rooks by some’, Middleton, A Game at Chess, Induct. 54; Women -beware, ii. 2 (Livia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Duke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Duke Humphrey, to dine with,</span></span> to go without dinner; ‘He may -chaunce dine with duke Homphrye tomorrow’, Sir Thos. More, iv. 2. -361. One who had no prospect of a dinner would walk in St. Paul’s, -under the pretence of going to see Duke Humphrey’s monument there; -on the chance that he might meet there some acquaintance who would -invite him. But Duke Humphrey was actually buried at St. Albans -(see Stowe’s Survey, ed. Thoms, 125). Cp. Mayne, City Match, iii. 3 -(Plotwell and Timothy). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='dulcet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dulcet,</span></span> the dowcet of a stag. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 219. A -latinized form; see <span class='bold'><a href='#dowcets'>dowcets</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dumbfounding,</span></span> a stupefying; said to mean a rough amusement in -which one person struck another hard and stealthily upon the back; -‘That witty recreation, called dumbfounding’, Dryden, Prologue to the -Prophetess, 47. See EDD. (s.v. Dumbfounder).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dummerer;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#dommerar'>dommerar</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dump,</span></span> a fit of abstraction or musing; ‘I dumpe, I fall in a dumpe or -musyng upon thynges’, Palsgrave; ‘Lethargic dump’, Butler, Hudibras, -i. 2. 973; a fit of melancholy, ‘In doleful dump’, id., ii. 1. 85; a plaintive -melody or song, Two Gent. iii. 2. 85; used of a kind of dance, ‘The -devil’s dump had been danced then’, Fletcher, Pilgrim, v. 4 (Roderigo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dunny,</span></span> somewhat ‘dun’, or dusky brown. Skelton, El. Rummyng, -400. A north-country word (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#donny'>donny</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dun’s in the mire</span></span> (the horse is stuck in the mire), the name of -a rustic game in which the players had to extricate a wooden ‘dun’ -(a horse) from an imaginary slough. ‘Dun is in the mire’ became -a proverbial phrase, so in Chaucer, Manciple’s Prologue, 5. ‘Dun’s i’ -th’ mire’, Fletcher, “Woman-hater, iv. 2 (Pandar). The game is alluded -to in Romeo, i. 4. 41. ‘If thou art Dun we’ll draw thee from the mire’, -and in Hudibras, iii. 3. 110, ‘Your trusty squire, Who has dragg’d your -dunship out o’ th’ mire’. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (under ‘Games’), and -Gifford’s Ben Jonson, vii. 283 (Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dun’s the mouse,</span></span> the mouse is brown. A jocose phrase of small -meaning; sometimes used after another has used the word <span class='it'>done</span>; Romeo, -i. 4. 40; London Prodigal, iv. 1. 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dunstable, plain</span></span> (a proverbial phrase), plain speaking. Witch of -Edmonton, i. 2 (Old Carter). Cp. the proverb, ‘As plain as Dunstable -highway’, Heywood’s Eng. Proverbs, 69, 136; ‘As plain as Dunstable -road’, Fuller, Worthies, i. 114 (NED.). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>durance,</span></span> confinement. L. L. L. iii. 1. 135; 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 37; -durableness, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 49. Cp. ‘As the tailor, that out of seven -yards stole one and a half of durance’, i.e. durable cloth, Three Ladies -of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Durandell,</span></span> a trusty sword. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 123. OF. <span class='it'>Durendal</span>, -the name of the sword of Roland (Ch. Rol. 926). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Durindana'>Durindana</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duret,</span></span> some kind of dance; ‘Galliards, durets, corantoes’, Beaumont, -Masque at Gray’s Inn, stage direction (near the end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>duretta,</span></span> a coarse stuff of a durable quality. Mayne, City Match, i. 5 -(Timothy). Also <span class='it'>duretto</span> (NED.). Ital. <span class='it'>duretto</span>, ‘somewhat hard’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Durindana'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Durindana,</span></span> the name of Orlando’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in -Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil); Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); -<span class='it'>Durindan</span>, Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (Calveskin). Ital. <span class='it'>Durindana</span> (Ariosto); -see Fanfani. The Italian name for <span class='it'>Durendal</span>, by which the famous sword -of Roland is known in the old French <span class='it'>Chansons de Geste</span>. See Gautier’s -note on ‘Durendal’ in his ‘Chanson de Roland’, l. 926, p. 90.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dust,</span></span> to hurl, fling, cast with force. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 544; -xxi. 377. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dust-point,</span></span> a boys’ game in which ‘points’ were laid in a heap of -dust, and thrown at with a stone; ‘Our boyes, laying their points in -a heape of dust, and throwing at them with a stone, call that play of -theirs Dust-point’, Cotgrave (s.v. <span class='it'>Darde</span>). Fletcher, Captain, iii. 3 (Clora); -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi. (Melanthus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Dutch widow,</span></span> a cant term for a prostitute. Middleton, A Trick to -Catch, iii. 3 (Drawer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dutt,</span></span> to dote; ‘Dutting Duttrell’ (i.e. doting dotterel), Edwards, -Damon and Pithias; altered to <span class='it'>doating dottrel</span> in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 68; -but see Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88, l. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dwine,</span></span> to pine away; ‘He . . . dwyned awaye’, Morte Arthur, -leaf 429*, back, 8; bk. xxi, c. 12; <span class='it'>dwynd</span>, withered, Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, ii. 567 (ed. Arber, p. 61). In common prov. use in Scotland -and the north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>dwynyn awey</span>, ‘evanesco’ (Prompt.). -OE. <span class='it'>dwīnan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>dybell,</span></span> (probably) trouble, difficulty; ‘My son’s in Dybell here, in -Caperdochy, i’ tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72. Perhaps the -same word as ‘dibles’ (or daibles), an E. Anglian word for difficulties, -embarrassments (EDD.).</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='E'>E</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>e-,</span></span> prefix, for the more usual <span class='it'>y-</span> (AS. <span class='it'>ge-</span>), prefixed to past participles. -Exx. <span class='it'>emixt</span>, mixed, Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. 9; <span class='it'>etride</span>, tried, id., Sabrine, -st. 26.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eager,</span></span> keen, sharp, severe. Hamlet, i. 4. 2; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xi. 231.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eagre,</span></span> a ‘bore’ in a river; an incoming tidal wave of unusual height. -Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis, 132; spelt <span class='it'>agar</span>, Lyly, Galathea, i. 1 (Tyterus). -In prov. use in many forms: <span class='it'>aiger</span>, <span class='it'>ager</span>, <span class='it'>eager</span>, <span class='it'>eygre</span>, <span class='it'>hygre</span>, &c., in -Yorks., Nottingham, Lincoln, and E. Anglia (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#higre'>higre</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eame;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#eme'>eme</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ean.</span></span> Of ewes: to lamb, bring forth young, to ‘yean’, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. -36. Hence, <span class='it'>Eaning-time</span>, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). ‘To ean’ -is in prov. use in various spellings in many parts of England from the north -country to Devon (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>enyn</span>, ‘feto’ (Prompt. EETS. 150); OE. <span class='it'>ēanian</span>, -to yean. See Brugmann, § 671.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ear'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ear,</span></span> to plough. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Deut. xxi. 4; 1 Sam. viii. 12; Is. xxx. 24. In -prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>ere</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 886), OE. <span class='it'>erian</span>. See Wright’s -Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='earn'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>earn, erne,</span></span> to grieve, to be afflicted with poignant sorrow and compassion. -Hen. V, ii. 3. 3 (mod. edd. <span class='it'>yearn</span>); Julius C., ii. 2. 129; <span class='it'>it earns me</span>, -Hen. V, iv. 3. 26; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 6 (Overdo); <span class='it'>earne</span>, to yearn, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 3; i. 6. 25; i. 9. 18; <span class='it'>erne</span>, ii. 3. 46. ME. <span class='it'>ȝernen</span>, to yearn -(P. Plowman), OE. <span class='it'>geornan</span>; see Dict. M. and S., p. 267.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='earth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>earth,</span></span> a ploughing. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 50. In prov. use in -Suffolk, Hants., Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Earth, sb.<sup>2</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>erð</span> for WS. <span class='it'>ierđ</span>, -a ploughing (Sweet), deriv. of <span class='it'>erian</span>, to plough, ‘to ear’; not the same word -as OE. <span class='it'>eorðe</span>, earth.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='easing'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>easing,</span></span> the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘Under the easing of the -house’, North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 16 (end); ‘<span class='it'>Severonde</span>, the eave, -eaving or easing of a house’, Cotgrave. In gen. prov. use in various spellings, -in Scotland and Ireland, and in England, in the north and Midlands -to Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>esynge</span>, ‘tectum’ (Cath. Angl.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#evesing'>evesing</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eater,</span></span> a servant. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Morose).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='eath'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eath,</span></span> easy. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Shep. Kal., Sept., 17; spelt <span class='it'>ethe</span>, -id., July, 90. A north-country word, once much used in poetry (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>ethe</span>, easy (Cursor M. 597), OE. <span class='it'>ēaðe</span>, easy, <span class='it'>ēað</span> (common in compounds).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eathly,</span></span> easily. Peele, Order of the Garter, ed. Dyce, p. 587. Common -in Scottish poetry (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eaths,</span></span> easily. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 130. The <span class='it'>s</span> has an adverbial force.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eccentric,</span></span> not concentric with; hence, disagreeing with. Bacon, -Essay 23; an orbit not having the earth precisely in the centre -(a contrivance in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, for explaining the -phenomena), id. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eche,</span></span> to ‘eke’, to make up a deficiency; ‘To eche it and to draw it out -in length’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 23 (Qq 3, 4, <span class='it'>eech</span>). Cp. Northampton dialect, -‘My gown’s too short, I must eche it a bit’, see EDD. (s.v. Eke, vb. 3). -ME. <span class='it'>echen</span>, to increase (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 887), OE. (Mercian) <span class='it'>ēcan</span>, WS. -<span class='it'>īecan</span>, to increase.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>edder,</span></span> an adder. Morte Arthur, leaf 290. 11; bk. xi, c. 5; Skelton, -Philip Sparowe, 78. ME. <span class='it'>eddyr</span>, an adder (Prompt. EETS. 142).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>edder,</span></span> fence-wood, osiers or rods of hazel, used for interlacing the -stakes of a hedge at the top; ‘Edder and stake’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. -13; <span class='it'>eddered</span>, bound with edders, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 126. 7; <span class='it'>edderynge</span>, -id. In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England; for various spellings -see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eddish, edish,</span></span> the aftermath or second crop of grass, clover, &c.; -‘Eddish, eadish, etch, ersh, the latter pasture or grass that comes after -mowing or reaping’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust. (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1681); Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 18. 4; stubble, ‘Eddish . . . more properly the stubble or gratten in cornfields’, -Bp. Kennett (NED.). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.). OE. -<span class='it'>edisc</span>, ‘pascua’ (Ps. xcix. 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>edge,</span></span> to urge, encourage, stimulate. Bacon, Essay 41, § 5. The pronunc. -of <span class='it'>egg</span> (to incite) in use in various parts of England from Lancash. to -Cornwall (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>eggen</span>, to incite (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 182), Icel. -<span class='it'>eggja</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>edify,</span></span> to build; ‘There was an holy chappell edifyde’, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 1. 34; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 660. F. <span class='it'>edifier</span>, to edifie, build (Cotgr.), -L. <span class='it'>aedificare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>effaut,</span></span> for <span class='it'>F fa ut</span>, the full name of the musical note <span class='it'>F</span>, which was sung -to <span class='it'>fa</span> or to <span class='it'>ut</span> according as it occurred in one or other of the hexachords (imperfect -scales) to which it belonged (NED.). Buckingham, The Rehearsal, -ii. 5 (Bayes). The first hexachord contained G (the lowest note), A, B, C, -D, E (but not F); the second contained C, D, E, F, G, A, sung to <span class='it'>ut</span>, <span class='it'>re</span>, <span class='it'>mi</span>, -<span class='it'>fa</span>, <span class='it'>sol</span>, <span class='it'>la</span>, F being sung to <span class='it'>fa</span>; the third began with F, sung to <span class='it'>ut</span>; so that -F was sung to <span class='it'>fa</span> or <span class='it'>ut</span>, and was called F <span class='it'>fa ut</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>efficace,</span></span> effectiveness, efficacy. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 602. F. <span class='it'>efficace</span>, -efficacy (Cotgr.), L. <span class='it'>efficacia</span> (Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>efficient,</span></span> creative or productive cause. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, -pt. 1, § 14; id., Vulgar Errors, bk. vii, c. 4, § 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>egal,</span></span> equal. Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 13 (F.); <span class='it'>egally</span>, equally, Richard III, -iii. 7. 213; <span class='it'>egalness</span>, equality, Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Philander). F. <span class='it'>égal</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eggs:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to have eggs on the spit</span>, to be busy; with reference to the -old mode of roasting eggs; ‘I have eggs on the spit’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man -in Hum. iii. 6. 47; see Wheatley’s note.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='eggs2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eggs:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take eggs for money</span>, to accept an offer which one would -rather refuse. Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 161. (Fully explained by me in Phil. -Soc. Trans., 1903, p. 146). Farmers’ daughters would go to market, -taking with them a basket of eggs. If one bought something worth -(suppose) 3<span class='it'>s.</span> 4<span class='it'>d.</span>, she would pay the 3<span class='it'>s.</span> and say—‘will you take eggs for -money?’ If the shopman weakly consented, he received the value of the -4<span class='it'>d.</span> in eggs; usually (16th cent.) at the rate of 4 or 5 a penny. But the -strong-minded shopman would refuse. Eggs were even used to pay interest -for money. Thus Rowley has: ‘By Easter next you should have the -principal, and eggs for the use [interest], indeed, sir. <span class='it'>Bloodhound.</span> -Oh rogue, rogue, I shall have eggs for my money! I must hang myself’, -A Match at Midnight, v. 1. See Nares (s.v. Eggs for Money).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='eisel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eisel,</span></span> vinegar; ‘I will drink potions of eisel’, Sh. Sonnets, cxi; spelt -<span class='it'>eysel</span>. Skelton, Now Synge We, 40. ME. <span class='it'>esyle</span>, ‘acetum’ (Prompt. EETS. -147, see note no. 661); <span class='it'>aysel</span> (Hampole, Ps. lxviii. 26). OF. <span class='it'>aisil</span>, vinegar -(Oxford Ps. lxviii. 26).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ejaculation,</span></span> a darting forth. Bacon, Essay 9, § 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>E-la,</span></span> the highest note in the old musical scale, sung to the syllable <span class='it'>la</span> -in the old gamut; which began with G (<span class='it'>ut</span>) on the lowest line of the base -clef, and ended with E in the highest space of the treble clef. Whoever -sang a higher note than this was said to sing ‘above E-<span class='it'>la</span>’. Hence anything -extreme was said ‘to be above E-<span class='it'>la</span>’. ‘Why, this is above E-<span class='it'>la</span>!’ -Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iv. 4 (Leontius; near the end). -N.B. The old gamut was really founded on hexachords or major sixths; -each hexachord contained six notes and comprised four full tones and -a semitone, the semitone being in the middle, between the third and -fourth note. The hexachords began (in ascending succession) upon the -lower G, C, F, G (above F), C (still higher), F (above the last C), and G -(above the last F). There were twenty notes in all; viz. G A B C D E F G -A B C D E F G A B C D E; and each of the hexachords was sung to the -same syllables, <span class='it'>ut</span>, <span class='it'>re</span>, <span class='it'>mi</span>, <span class='it'>fa</span>, <span class='it'>sol</span>, <span class='it'>la</span>. The highest hexachord contained the -G A B C D E at the top of the scale; and as E was thus sung to <span class='it'>la</span>, it was -called E-<span class='it'>la</span>. It had no other name, because it only occurred in the -highest hexachord. In hexachords beginning with F the B was flat.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eld,</span></span> to ail; ‘What thing eldeth thee?’ Thersites, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -i. 414. Cp. <span class='it'>aild</span>, prov. pronunc. of <span class='it'>ail</span> (vb.): ‘He’s allus aildin’ -(Worcestersh.); <span class='it'>aildy</span>, ailing, poorly, ‘I be very aildy to-day’ (Northampton); -so in Beds., <span class='it'>teste</span> J. W. Burgon, see EDD. (s.v. Ail and Aildy). -In Shropsh. they say <span class='it'>elded</span> for <span class='it'>ailed</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>elder,</span></span> an elder-tree. It was an old belief that Judas Iscariot hung -himself upon an elder. See L. L. L. v. 2. 610; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, iv. 4 (Carlo). See P. Plowman, C. ii. 64 (Notes, p. 31).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>elegant,</span></span> for <span class='bold'><a href='#alicant'>alicant</a>,</span> q.v. A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 1. 18.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>element,</span></span> the sky. Julius Caes. i. 3. 128; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., -116; Milton, Comus, 299. In common prov. use in the west country. -A Somerset man describing a thunderstorm would say, ‘Th’ element was -all to a flicker’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>elenche, elench,</span></span> a logical refutation, a syllogism in refutation of an -argument. Massinger, Emperor of the East, ii. 1 (Theodosius). Also, -a sophistical argument, a fallacy; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, § xiv. 5. -L. <span class='it'>elenchus</span>, Gk. ἔλεγχος, cross-examination.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='elk'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>elk,</span></span> the wild swan, or hooper. ‘The Elk’, in the margin of Golding’s -tr. of Ovid, Metam. xiv. 509; ‘In hard winters elks, a kind of wild swan, -are seen’, Sir T. Browne (Wks. ed. 1893, iii. 313); ‘<span class='it'>Swanne</span>, some take -thys to be the elke or wild swanne’, Huloet. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ilke'>ilke</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ellops'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ellops,</span></span> a kind of serpent. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. ἔλλοψ, ἔλοψ, lit. -‘mute’, an epithet of fish (so Prellwitz); name for a certain sea-fish, -probably the sword-fish or sturgeon, later, a serpent.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embase,</span></span> to debase, lower. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 20; Sonnet 82.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embassade,</span></span> a mission as ambassador. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 32; also, -quasi-adv., on an embassy, Spenser, Hymn in Honour of Beauty, 251. -F. <span class='it'>embassade</span>, an embassage; also an embassador accompanied with his -ordinary train (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embay,</span></span> to bathe, drench, wet, steep. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27; ii. 12. -60. Metaph., to bathe (oneself in sunshine); Muiopotmos, 200; to pervade, -suffuse, F. Q. i. 9. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embayed, imbayed,</span></span> enclosed as in a bay; enveloped, engirt. Spelt -<span class='it'>imbayed</span>, enclosed; Capt. Smith, Works, ed. Arber, p. 333, l. 3; <span class='it'>embayed</span>, -engirt, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 230.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embayle,</span></span> to enclose, encompass. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embezzle,</span></span> to waste, squander; ‘His bills embezzled’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, i. 1 (Lincoln); Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia, c. iii, § 7. -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='emboss'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emboss,</span></span> to ornament with bosses or studs, to decorate. Spenser, F. Q. -iv. 4. 15; Shep. Kal., Feb., 67.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='embost1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embost</span></span> (of a hunted animal). A stag was said to be <span class='it'>embossed</span> (<span class='it'>embost</span>) -when blown and fatigued with being chased—foaming, panting, unable -to hold out any longer; ‘The boar of Thessaly Was never so emboss’d’, -Ant. and Cl. iv. 11. 3; ‘The salvage beast embost in wearie chace’, -Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 22. Metaph., ‘Our feeble harts Embost with bale’, -i. 9. 29; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 7. ME. <span class='it'>embose</span>, to plunge -deeply into a wood or thicket (Chaucer, Dethe Blaunche, 353). OF. <span class='it'>bos</span> -(<span class='it'>bois</span>), a wood. See <span class='bold'><a href='#imbost'>imbost</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embost,</span></span> encased, enclosed (as in armour); ‘A knight . . . in mighty -armes embost’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 24.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embowd,</span></span> arched over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 19.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='embraid'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embraid,</span></span> to upbraid, taunt, mock. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 7, § 2; Tusser, Husbandry, § 112, st. 7. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>breydyn</span> or <span class='it'>upbraydyn</span>, -‘Impropereo’ (Prompt. EETS. 64). OE. <span class='it'>bregdan</span>, to bring a charge (B. T. -Suppl.), Icel. <span class='it'>bregða</span>, to upbraid, blame.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embrave,</span></span> to embellish, decorate. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 60.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embrew,</span></span> to ‘imbrue’, cover with blood; ‘With wyde wounds embrewed’, -Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17; Hymn of Love, 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='embrocata'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>embrocata,</span></span> a thrust in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villany, Sat. xi. -57. See <span class='bold'><a href='#imbroccato'>imbroccato</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='eme'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eme,</span></span> uncle. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 47; spelt <span class='it'>eame</span>, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 427. -848. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>eme</span>, fadiris brodyr, ‘patruus’ -(Prompt.), OE. <span class='it'>ēam</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emeril,</span></span> emery. Drayton, Pol. i. 53. F. <span class='it'>emeril</span>, emery (Cotgr.); OF. -<span class='it'>esmeril</span>; Ital. <span class='it'>smeriglio</span>, deriv. of Gk. σμύρις, emery-powder.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emmarble,</span></span> to convert into marble. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 139.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emmew,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enmew;</span></span> errors for <span class='bold'><a href='#enew'>enew</a>,</span> q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empair,</span></span> to harm, injure. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 48; to become less, to -be diminished, id., v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Impair).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empale,</span></span> to surround, enclose. Sackville. Induction, st. 67.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emparlance,</span></span> parley, talk. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 50. Cp. Norm. F. -<span class='it'>emparler</span>, ‘parler, entretenir’, also ‘entretien’ (Moisy), O. Prov. <span class='it'>emparlat</span>, -‘éloquent’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='empeach'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empeach,</span></span> to hinder. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 34; ii. 7. 15; ‘I empesshe, or -let one of his purpose’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>empescher</span>, ‘to hinder’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov. -<span class='it'>empedegar</span>, ‘empêcher’ (Levy), Med. L. <span class='it'>impedicare</span>, ‘implicare’ (Ducange). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#impeach'>impeach</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empery,</span></span> dominion, rank of an emperor. Titus And. i. 1. 201; Hen. V, -i. 2. 226. Norm. F. <span class='it'>emperie</span> (Moisy), L. <span class='it'>imperium</span>, empire.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='empesshement'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>empesshement,</span></span> hindrance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 131. 29. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#impechement'>impechement</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emprese,</span></span> ‘emprise’, enterprise, undertaking. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xi. 257. See NED. (s.v. Emprise).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>emprise,</span></span> an undertaking, an enterprise. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., -83; chivalric enterprise, martial prowess, Milton, P. L. xi. 642; ‘In brave -poursuit of chevalrous emprize’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1. Norm. F. <span class='it'>emprise</span>, -‘entreprise’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enaunter,</span></span> lest by chance. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 200; May, 78; -Sept., 161. ‘Anaunters’ is a north-country word, in the sense of ‘lest, -in case that’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>enantyr</span>; <span class='it'>an aunter</span>, in case that (P. Plowman, -C. iv. 437); also, <span class='it'>an aventure</span> (id., B. iii. 279), see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Aventure); -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>en</span> + <span class='it'>aventure</span>, chance (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enbassement,</span></span> dread, terror, ‘abashment’. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -159. 25; <span class='it'>enbaysshement</span>, lf. 91. 31. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>enbasshinge</span>, bewilderment (Chaucer, -Boethius 4, p. 1. 43).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enbolned,</span></span> swollen, puffed up. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 207, l. 7 from -bottom. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>bolnyd</span>, swollen (Wyclif, 1 Cor. v. 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enchase,</span></span> to set (a jewel) in gold or other setting; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Spenser, -F. Q. i. 12. 23; to engrave figures on a surface, Shep. Kal., August, 27; to -shut in, enclose, M. Hubberd’s Tale, 626; Chapman, tr. Iliad, xii. 56; -xix. 346.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>encheason,</span></span> occasion, reason. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 147. ME. -<span class='it'>encheson</span>, ‘occasio’ (Prompt. EETS. 312), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>enchesoun</span>, occasion (Gower), -Norm. F. <span class='it'>acheisun</span>, ‘raison, cause, motif’ (Moisy); L. <span class='it'>occasio</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endlong,</span></span> from end to end of, through the length of; ‘Endlong many -yeeres and ages’, Holland, Livy, 921; right along, straight on, Dryden, -Palamon, iii. 691. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>endelong</span>, -through the length of (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 992).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endosse,</span></span> to inscribe. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 53; Colin Clout, 634; -Palsgrave. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>endosser</span>, to endorse (Rough List); to write on the -back of a document, deriv. of F. <span class='it'>dos</span>, L. <span class='it'>dorsum</span>, back.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='endue'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endue,</span></span> to endow; ‘God hath endued me with a good dowry’ (Vulg. -<span class='it'>Dotavit me Deus dote bona</span>), <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xxx. 20; spelt <span class='it'>endew</span>, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 4. 51; ‘The King hath . . . endewed (the house) with parkes orchardes’, -Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5. See <span class='bold'><a href='#indue2'>indue</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='endurance'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endurance,</span></span> also written <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indurance,</span></span> patience; ‘Past the endurance -of a block’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 248; imprisonment, durance, ‘I should have -tane some paines to have heard you Without endurance further’, Hen. VIII, -v. 1. 122 (the phrase is taken from Foxe’s account of Cranmer’s trial); -‘The indurance of their Generall’, Knolles, Hist. Turks, 1256 (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>endure,</span></span> to indurate, harden. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27. Norm. F. -<span class='it'>s’endurer</span>, to harden oneself (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eneled,</span></span> anointed, as one who has received extreme unction. Morte -Arthur, leaf 429*, back, 25; bk. xxi, c. 12; Caxton, Golden Legend, 337, -see NED. (s.v. Anele).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='enew'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enew</span></span> (t. t. in hawking), to drive a fowl into the water; ‘Let her enew -the fowl so long till she bring it to the plunge’, Markham, Countr. Content. -(ed. 1668, i. 5. 32); ‘Follies doth enew (misprinted <span class='it'>emmew</span>, Ff.) As -Falcon doth the Fowle’, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 91. Spelt <span class='it'>ineawe</span>, to plunge -into the water, Drayton, Pol. xx. 284. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>eneauer</span>, to wet (Gower), -Norm. F. <span class='it'>ewe</span> (F. <span class='it'>eau</span>), water. See <span class='bold'><a href='#inmew'>inmew</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enewed;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ennewe'>ennewe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enfeloned,</span></span> made fell or fierce. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 48.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enfired,</span></span> kindled, set on fire. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 169.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enform,</span></span> to mould, fashion. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enfouldred,</span></span> hurled out like thunder and lightning. Spenser, F. Q. -i. 11. 40. OF. <span class='it'>fouldre</span> (F. <span class='it'>foudre</span>), Romanic type <span class='it'>folgere</span>, L. <span class='it'>fulgur</span>, a -thunderbolt.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enfounder,</span></span> to drive in, to batter in. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, -back, 30; lf. 295, back, 25; to stumble, as a horse, to ‘founder’; ‘His -horse enfoundred under hym’, Berners, Arth., 87 (NED.). F. <span class='it'>enfondrer</span> -(un harnois), to make a great dint in an armour; also, to plunge into the -bottom of a puddle or mire (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='enginous'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enginous,</span></span> ingenious. Hero and Leander, iii. 312; Chapman, tr. of -Odyssey, i. 452. Cp. Scot, <span class='it'>engine</span> (<span class='it'>ingine</span>), intellect, mental capacity (EDD.). -F. <span class='it'>engin</span>, understanding reach of wit (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>ingenium</span>, natural -capacity. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ingine'>ingine</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ingle1'>ingle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>englin,</span></span> the name of a Welsh metre. Drayton, Pol. iv. 181. W. <span class='it'>englyn</span>. -The Note has: <span class='it'>Englyns</span> are couplets interchanged of sixteen and fourteen feet.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engore,</span></span> to ‘gore’, wound deeply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 42.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engraile,</span></span> to give a serrated appearance to; ‘I (the river Wear) indent -the earth, and then I it engraile With many a turn’, Drayton, Pol. -xxix. 380; <span class='it'>engrail’d</span>, variegated, ‘A caldron new engrail’d with twenty -hues’, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 761.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engrain,</span></span> to dye ‘in grain’, or of a fast colour. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Feb., 131. See Dict. (s.v. Grain).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>engrave,</span></span> to bury. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 42; ii. 1. 60.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enhalse,</span></span> to greet, salute. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 58. See <span class='bold'><a href='#halse'>halse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ennewe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ennewe,</span></span> to tint, shade; ‘With rose-colour ennewed’, Calisto and -Meliba, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 62; ‘The one shylde was enewed with -whyte’, Morte Arthur, leaf 55. back, 24; bk. iii, ch. 9 (end). Perhaps fr. -F. <span class='it'>nuer</span>, to shade, tint (Godefroy), see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enow,</span></span> pl. form of ‘enough’; ‘Foes enow’, Milton, P. L. ii. 504; -‘Christians enow’, Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 24; ‘French quarrels enow’, -Hen. V, iv. 1. 222. ME. <span class='it'>ynowe</span>: ‘Wommen y-nowe’ (Chaucer, Parl. -Foules, 233), OE. <span class='it'>genōge</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>genōg</span>, enough.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enpesshe,</span></span> to hinder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 238. 6; 329. 19. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#empeach'>empeach</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enrace,</span></span> to introduce into a race of living beings. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. -52; vi. 10. 25; Hymn of Beauty, 114.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ens,</span></span> being, entity. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. -(Asper). Med. L. (in philosophy) <span class='it'>ens</span>, entity, a neuter pres. pt. formed -fr. L. <span class='it'>esse</span>, to be.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enseam,</span></span> to cleanse (a hawk) of superfluous fat; ‘<span class='it'>Ensemer</span>, to inseam, -unfatten’, Cotgrave; ‘Clene ensaymed’, Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 79. -OF. <span class='it'>esseimer</span>, ‘retirer le <span class='it'>saim</span> (la graisse)’, see Moisy (s.v. Ensaimer), deriv. -of <span class='it'>saim</span> fat, Med. L. <span class='it'>sagīmen</span>, ‘adeps’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enseam,</span></span> to contain together, include. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 35; to -introduce to company, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Monsieur). -See NED. (s.v. Enseam, vb.<sup>4</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enseamed,</span></span> marked with grease; ‘In the ranke sweat of an enseamed -bed’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 92. F. <span class='it'>enseimer</span> (now <span class='it'>ensimer</span>), to grease (Hatzfeld). -[Schmidt connects this word with ‘enseam’, to cleanse a hawk; see -above.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='enseignement'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enseignement,</span></span> teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 2, § last. F. <span class='it'>enseignement</span> (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ensigns,</span></span> insignia, marks of honour. Bacon, Essay 29, § 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ensnarl,</span></span> to entangle. Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 9. A north Yorks. word -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snarlyn</span>, ‘illaqueo’ (Prompt. EETS. 460).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entail, entayl,</span></span> to carve, cut into. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; ii. 6. 29; -<span class='it'>entayle</span>, ornamental work cut on gold, id., ii. 7. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enterdeal,</span></span> negotiation. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 21; Mother Hubberd’s -Tale, 785.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entermete,</span></span> to concern oneself, occupy oneself, meddle with. Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 154, back, 13. ME. <span class='it'>entremeten</span>, refl. to meddle with -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1026). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’entremettre</span>, to occupy oneself -(Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enterprize,</span></span> to receive, entertain as a host. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 14; -In this sense peculiar to Spenser.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entertain,</span></span> to take into one’s service; Gent. Ver. ii. 4. 105; Richard III, -i. 2. 258; to keep in one’s service, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 2; to give reception -to, Com. Errors, iii. 1. 120; the reception of a guest, Spenser, Mother -Hubberd’s Tale, 1085; F. Q. v. 9. 37; Pericles, i. 1. 119.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entertake,</span></span> to receive, entertain. Only in Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 35.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entire.</span></span> Used of friends <span class='it'>wholly</span> devoted to one another; ‘My most -sincere and entire friend’, Coryat, Crudities, Ep. Ded.; ‘Your entire -loving brother’, Bacon, Essays, Ep. Ded. [cp. F. <span class='it'>ami entier</span>]. From the -notion of intimacy was developed the sense: inward, internal, ‘Their -hearts and parts entire’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 23 and 48; iii. 1. 47; -iii. 7. 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entradas,</span></span> receipts, revenues. Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (Severino). -Span. <span class='it'>entrada</span>, revenue.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entraile,</span></span> to twist, entwine, interlace. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; iii. 6. -44; Shep. Kal., Aug. 30; Prothalamion, 25; a coil, F. Q. i. 1. 16. Cp. -F. <span class='it'>traille</span> (<span class='it'>treille</span>), lattice-work (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entreat,</span></span> to treat, use. Richard II, iii. 1. 37; Fletcher, Rule a Wife, -iii. 4 (Perez); Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 7; ‘He entreated Abram well’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, -Gen. xii. 16; ‘Despytfully entreated’, Tyndale, Luke xviii. 32. OF. -<span class='it'>entraiter</span>, to treat, use (Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entreglancing,</span></span> interchange of glances. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 46.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entries,</span></span> places through which deer have recently passed. B. Jonson, -Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>entwite,</span></span> to rebuke, reproach, reprove, to ‘twit’. Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Augustus, § 1; Roister Doister, ii. 3 (song); p. 36. Altered -form of ME. <span class='it'>atwiten</span>, to reproach, twit, OE. <span class='it'>æt-witan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>enure,</span></span> to put into operation, to ‘inure’, carry out, practise. Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 2. 29; v. 9. 39.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>envy,</span></span> to feel a grudge against; to begrudge; to treat grudgingly; to -have grudging feelings. Milton, P. L. iv. 317; King John, iii. 4. 73; Peele, -Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 551. The stress is often on the latter -syllable.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>envy,</span></span> to injure, disgrace, calumniate. Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1 (Juletta); -Shirley, Traitor, iii. 3 (Duke).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>envỳ,</span></span> to emulate, ‘vie’ with. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 17; iii. 1. 13. -F. <span class='it'>envier</span> (au jeu), to vie (Cotgr.), L. <span class='it'>invitare</span>, to invite, challenge.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ephemerides,</span></span> properly, tables showing the positions of the heavenly -bodies (or some of them) for every day of a period, esp. at noon. But -used vaguely for an almanac or calendar that noted some of these -things. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Surly); Bp. Hall, Sat. ii. 7. 6; Bacon, -Adv. of Learning, i. 1, § 3. Gk. ἐφημερίς, a diary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ephesian,</span></span> a boon companion. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 164. A cant term; -used like ‘Corinthian’ in 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>epiky,</span></span> reasonableness, equity; ‘Such an epiky and moderacion’, -Latimer, 5 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 143). Gk. ἐπιείκεια, reasonableness; -from ἐπιείκής, fitting, equitable.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>epiphoneme,</span></span> an exclamatory sentence, used to sum up a discourse. -Puttenham, Art of Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 12 (ed. Arber, p. 125); Heywood, -Dialogue 2 (Mary), vol. vi, p. 123. Gk. ἐπιφώνημα.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>epitasis,</span></span> the part of a play wherein the plot thickens. B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (end). Gk. ἐπίτασις.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>epitrite,</span></span> in prosody, a foot consisting of three long syllables and a -short one. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Gk. ἐπίτριτος.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='equal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>equal</span>(<span class='bold'>l,</span></span> fair, equitable, just, impartial. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1539, Psalm xvii. 2; -Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Bartolus); iv. 4. 15; <span class='it'>equally</span>, justly, id., iv. 5 -(Diego).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='equipage'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>equipage,</span></span> equipment; retinue. Sh., Sonnet 32; Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Oct., 114. F. <span class='it'>equipage</span>, ‘equipage, good armour; store of necessaries; -<span class='it'>Equipage d’un navire</span>, her Marriners and Souldiers’ (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v. -Equip). See <span class='bold'><a href='#esquip'>esquip</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>erased,</span></span> in heraldry; said of an animal’s head, with a jagged edge -below, as if torn violently from the body. Also used humorously of an -ear, Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 214.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eremite,</span></span> one dwelling in the desert; ‘This glorious eremite’, Milton, -P. R. i. 8 (used with allusion to the original meaning of the Greek word). -Eccles. Gk. ἐρημίτης, one who has retired into the desert from religious -motives, a hermit, deriv. of ἔρημος, wilderness (Matt. iii. 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>erie, ery,</span></span> every. Tusser, Husbandry, § 18. 17; § 57. 11. Also several -times in Turbervile’s Poems. A contracted form, like <span class='it'>e’er</span> for <span class='it'>ever</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='eringo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eringo, eryngo,</span></span> the candied root of the sea-holly, used as a sweetmeat, -and regarded as an aphrodisiac. Merry Wives, v. 5. 23. Ital. <span class='it'>eringio</span>, sea-holly -(Florio), L. <span class='it'>eryngion</span>, Gk. ἠρύγγιον, dimin. of ἤρυγγος, sea-holly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>erne,</span></span> an eagle. Golding, Metam. vi. 517; fol. 74 (1603). A Scottish -literary word (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>earn</span> (Matt. xxiv. 28).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>errant:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>an errant knight</span>, a knight-errant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 38; -i. 10. 10. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>errer</span>, to travel, to march (Ch. Rol. 3340), O. Prov. <span class='it'>edrar</span> -(<span class='it'>errar</span>), Med. L. <span class='it'>iterare</span>, ‘iter facere’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>errant,</span></span> ‘arrant’. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron); ‘Sir -Kenelm Digby was an errant mountebank’, Evelyn, Diary (Nov. 7, 1651). -See NED. (s.v. Errant, 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>errour,</span></span> wandering, roving. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 7.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>erst,</span></span> once upon a time, formerly. Hen. V, v. ii. 48; Ferrex and Porrex, -i. 2. 5; previously, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 18. ME. <span class='it'>erst</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 776), -OE. <span class='it'>ǣrest</span>, superl. of <span class='it'>ǣr</span>, soon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esbatement,</span></span> amusement. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 160. 15; Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § 10. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>esbatement</span>, diversion (Gower). -F. <span class='it'>esbatement</span>, ‘divertissement’ (Rabelais), OF. <span class='it'>esbatre</span>, ‘se divertir’ (Bartsch).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>escape,</span></span> a wilful error; a great fault. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 150); -Othello, i. 3. 197.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='escot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>escot,</span></span> to pay a reckoning for, to maintain; ‘How are they escoted’, -Hamlet, ii. 2. 362. OF. <span class='it'>escoter</span>, ‘payer l’écot’ (Didot), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>escot</span>, payment, -reckoning at a tavern (Gower); <span class='it'>escot</span> (payment) occurs in the Statutes of -the Realm, i. 221 (13th cent.), see Rough List. See Ducange (s.v. Scot, -Scottum). <span class='it'>Escot</span> (payment) is the same word as ‘scot’ or ‘shot’, in prov. -use for payment of a tavern reckoning (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>escuage,</span></span> lit. shield-service; personal service in the field for 40 days -in the year; later, a money payment in lieu of it, also called ‘scutage’. -Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, p. 148. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>escuage</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>scutagium</span>, -deriv. of L. <span class='it'>scutum</span>, a shield (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>escudero,</span></span> a squire. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). Span. -<span class='it'>escudéro</span>, an esquire, a servant that waits on a lady (Stevens), deriv. of -<span class='it'>escúdo</span>, a shield, L. <span class='it'>scutum</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esguard,</span></span> a tribunal existing among the Knights of St. John, to settle -differences between members of the order. Beaumont and Fl., Knight -of Malta, v. 2 (Valetta). OF. <span class='it'>esgard</span>, ‘tribunal des chevaliers de Malte’. -Med. L. <span class='it'>esgardium</span>: ‘De vassallo delinquente in Dominum, Dominus potest -de ce quod tenet ab ipso, ipsum per Exguardium dissaisire (Id est, judicio -parium suerum interveniente)’, quotation from Statutes (Ducange). O. Prov. -<span class='it'>esgart</span>, ‘regard, décision, jugement; condamnation pécuniaire; égard, -considération’; <span class='it'>esgardar</span>, ‘regarder, considérer; décider, juger’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esloin, esloyne,</span></span> to remove to a distance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. -F. <span class='it'>esloigner</span> (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esmayed,</span></span> dismayed. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 308. 6; 329, back, 9. -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’esmaier</span>, to be dismayed (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esmayle,</span></span> enamel. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 242. -F. <span class='it'>esmail</span> ‘enammel’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='espial'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>espial,</span></span> the action of espying or spying. Bp. Hall, Contempl. O. T. -xix. 9 (NED.); a company of spies, Elyot, Governour, iii. 6. 236; <span class='it'>espials</span>, -spies, Bacon, Essay, 48; 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 6; Hamlet, iii. 1. 32. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='esquip'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>esquip,</span></span> to equip. <span class='it'>Esquippe</span>, Baret, Alvearie; <span class='it'>esquipping</span>, Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, i. 577. F. <span class='it'>esquiper</span> (<span class='it'>equiper</span>), to equip, arm, store with necessary -furniture (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#equipage'>equipage</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>essoyne,</span></span> excuse, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. ME. <span class='it'>essoyne</span>, excuse for non-appearance -in a law-court (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 164). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>essoigne</span> -(<span class='it'>essoyne</span>), excuse, a legal term (Rough List), see Ducange (s.v. Sunnis). -Med. L. <span class='it'>essoniare</span>, ‘excusationem proponere’ (Ducange), of Teutonic origin, -cp. Goth. <span class='it'>sunjôn</span>, ‘excusare’ (2 Cor. xii. 19).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>estate,</span></span> rank, dignity; ‘He poisons him in the garden for his estate’, -Hamlet, iii. 2. 273; Macbeth, i. 4. 37; <span class='it'>estates</span>, men of rank, nobles, -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin). F. <span class='it'>estat</span>, office, dignity, rank, -degree which a man hath (Cotgr.). See Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>estivation:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>place of estivation</span>, a summer-house. Bacon, Essay 45, -§ 5. Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>aestivus</span>, pertaining to summer.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>estres,</span></span> apartments, dwellings, quarters; the inner rooms in a house, -divisions in a garden, &c.; spelt <span class='it'>estures</span> [printed by Caxton <span class='it'>eftures</span>]. -Morte Arthur, leaf 392, back, 3; bk. xix, ch. 8. ME. <span class='it'>estres</span> (Chaucer), -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>estre</span>, habitation, dwelling (Gower); <span class='it'>estres</span>, inward parts of a -house (Rough List); OF. <span class='it'>estre</span>, ‘domuncula, aedificium’, see Ducange -(s.v. <span class='it'>Estra</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>estridge,</span></span> an ostrich, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 98; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 197; -spelt <span class='it'>estrich</span>, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 2 (Incubo); Lyly, Euphues -(ed. Arber, 124). ME. <span class='it'>estrich</span> (Voc. 585, 22). O. Prov. <span class='it'>estrutz</span>, ‘autruche’ -(Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eten, ettin,</span></span> a giant; ‘Giants and ettins’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight -of the B. Pestle, i. 2 (<span class='it'>or</span> 3) (Wife). ME. <span class='it'>ȝeten</span> (Gen. and Ex. 545), OE. <span class='it'>eoten</span>, -a giant, cp. Icel. <span class='it'>jötunn</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Etesian,</span></span> (properly) the epithet of certain winds, blowing from the -NE. for about forty days annually in summer; ‘Etesian winds’, Holland, -tr. of Pliny, bk. xvi, c. 25 (end); ‘Etesian gales’, Dryden, Albion, -Act i (Iris). L. <span class='it'>etesius</span>; Gk. ἐτήσιος, annual, from ἔτος, year.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ethe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#eath'>eath</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eugh,</span></span> yew; ‘The Eugh, obedient to the bender’s will’, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 1. 9; Bacon, Essay 46. ME. <span class='it'>ew</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2923), OE. <span class='it'>īw</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='eure'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eure,</span></span> destiny, fate, luck. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 235, back, 8; spelt -<span class='it'>ure</span>, Skelton, Colin Clout, 1003; <span class='it'>to be ured</span>, to be invested with, as by the -decree of fate, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6; <span class='it'>ewre</span>, to render happy, Palsgrave. -Hence <span class='it'>eurous</span>, <span class='it'>ewrous</span>, lucky, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 227. 30; -lf. 228. 19. ME. <span class='it'>ure</span>, fate, good luck (Barbour’s Bruce). OF. <span class='it'>eür</span>, ‘sort, bonheur’ -(Bartsch), O. Prov. <span class='it'>aür</span>, <span class='it'>agur</span>, destiny, Romanic type <span class='it'>agurium</span>, L. -<span class='it'>augurium</span>, augury, omen. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ure2'>ure</a>, <a href='#male-uryd'>male-uryd</a>, <a href='#misured'>misured</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evelong,</span></span> oblong. Golding, Metam. viii. 551, fol. 101 (1603). ME. -<span class='it'>evelong</span>, ‘oblongus’ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, i. 405). Cp. Icel. <span class='it'>aflangr</span>, oblong, -Dan. <span class='it'>aflang</span>; L. <span class='it'>oblongus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>event,</span></span> to cool, by exposing to the air; ‘To event the heat’, Mirror -for Mag., Clyfford, st. 8; to find vent, ‘Whence that scalding sigh -evented’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, v. 3 (Angelo). F. <span class='it'>esventer</span>, to fan or -winnow; <span class='it'>s’esventer</span>, to take vent or wind (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ever among,</span></span> continually, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evertuate,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex.</span>, to endeavour. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xvi, -p. 72; ‘I have evirtuated myself’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. ii, let. 61 -(end). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>s’esvertuer</span>, to exert oneself, endeavour (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='evesing'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evesing,</span></span> the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘A dropping evesing’, -Schole-house of Women, 912; in Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iv. 140. -ME. <span class='it'>evesynge</span> (P. Plowman, C. xx. 193), deriv. of <span class='it'>evese</span>, the edge of the roof -of a building, the ‘eaves’, OE. <span class='it'>efes</span> (Ps. ci. 8). See <span class='bold'><a href='#easing'>easing</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='evet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evet,</span></span> an eft, a newt. Lyly, Euphues, p. 315. See EDD. for prov. forms. -OE. <span class='it'>efeta</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ewftes'>ewftes</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>evicke,</span></span> a wild goat. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 122 (rendering of αἲξ -ἄγριος). See NED. (s.v. Eveck).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ewftes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ewftes,</span></span> efts. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23. See <span class='bold'><a href='#evet'>evet</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exacuate,</span></span> to sharpen, whet, provoke. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 3 -(Compass).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Exaltation of the Holy Cross,</span></span> the Feast observed on Sept. 14. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 37. 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exampless,</span></span> for <span class='it'>example-less</span>, without an example, unparalleled. B. Jonson, -Sejanus, ii. 4 (Silius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Excalibur,</span></span> the name of King Arthur’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in -Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil); ‘The try’d Excalibour’, Drayton, Pol. iv (Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>excheat,</span></span> ‘escheat’, profit, lit. that which is fallen to one. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 5. 25; iii. 8. 16. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>eschete</span>, <span class='it'>eschaëte</span> (Rough List), Med. L. -<span class='it'>escaeta</span>, deriv. from Romanic type <span class='it'>escadére</span> (F. <span class='it'>echoir</span>), Med. L. <span class='it'>excadere</span>, ‘jure -haereditario obvenire; in aliquem cadere, ei obvenire’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exercise,</span></span> an act of preaching, discourse; a discussion of a passage of -Scripture. Richard III, iii. 2. 112; iii. 7. 64; Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, -v. 1 (Oliver).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exhale,</span></span> to hale forth, drag out. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Crispinus); -cp. Hen. V, ii. 1. 66.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exhibition,</span></span> allowance, fixed payment. King Lear, i. 2. 25; Othello, i. -3. 238; London Prodigal, i. 1. 10. Med. L. <span class='it'>exhibitio</span>, ‘praebitio’; <span class='it'>exhibere</span>, -‘praebere alimenta et ad vitam necessaria’ (Ducange). See Prompt. EETS. -161, and Rönsch, Vulgata, 312. Hence the term ‘exhibition’ in the University -of Oxford for annual payments made by a College to deserving -students.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exigent,</span></span> state of pressing need, emergency, decisive moment. Julius -Caesar, v. 1. 19; Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 63; extremity, end, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 9; -phr. <span class='it'>to take an exigent</span>, to come to an end, A Merry Knack to know a Knave, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 546; <span class='it'>exigents</span>, straits, Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5 -(Warwick).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exigent,</span></span> an urgent command; <span class='it'>a writ of exigent</span> was one commanding -the sheriff to summon the defendant to appear, and to deliver himself up -on pain of outlawry. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 370; iii. 1. 1036. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>exigende</span>, -L. <span class='it'>exigenda</span>, from <span class='it'>exigere</span>, to exact. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exoster,</span></span> a hanging-bridge, used by men besieging a city; ‘Exosters, -Sambukes, Catapults’, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 9. L. <span class='it'>exostra</span>, -Gk. ἐξώστρα, a bridge <span class='it'>thrust out</span> from the besiegers’ tower against the walls -of the besieged place; deriv. of ὠθέειν, to thrust.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expend,</span></span> to weigh, examine, consider. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, -c. 9, § 1; c. 29, § 3. L. <span class='it'>expendere</span>, to weigh out.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expert,</span></span> to experience. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 186.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expire,</span></span> to breathe out. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; iv. 1. 54; to fulfil -a term, i. 7. 9; to fly forth from a cannon, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, -st. 188.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expiscate,</span></span> to ‘fish out’, i.e. to find out by inquiry. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, x. 181. L. <span class='it'>expiscari</span>, to fish out; deriv. of <span class='it'>piscis</span>, a fish.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>explete,</span></span> to complete, to satisfy; ‘To explete the act’, Speed, Hist. ix. -21, § 71; ‘Nothing under an Infinite can expleat the immortall minde of -man’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. 123. L. <span class='it'>explere</span>, to fill out.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exploit,</span></span> success; ‘His ambassadours hadde made no better exployte’, -Berners, tr. Froissart, ii. 91. 272. ME. <span class='it'>espleit</span>, success (Gower, C. A. <span style='font-size:smaller'>V.</span> 3924), -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>exploit</span>, <span class='it'>espleit</span>, <span class='it'>esplait</span>, speed, success (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>exploit,</span></span> to accomplish, achieve; ‘I <span class='it'>exployt</span>, I applye or avaunce myself -to forther a busynesse’, Palsgrave; ‘They departed without <span class='it'>exploytinge</span> -their message’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 26, § 8; ‘To exploit -some warlike service’, Holland, tr. Ammianus (Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>express,</span></span> to press out, squeeze out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 42.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>expulse,</span></span> to expel. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 5, § 5; Bacon, -Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, c. 17, § 9. L. <span class='it'>expulsare</span>, freq. of <span class='it'>expellere</span>, to expel.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extend</span></span> (a legal t. t.), to seize upon lands, in execution of a writ. -Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach); to seize upon land, Ant. -and Cl. i. 2. 105. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extent</span></span> (a legal t. t.); ‘A writ or commission to the Sheriff for the -valuing of lands or tenements; also, the Act of the Sheriff or other Commissioner -upon this writ’, Cowell, Interpreter; Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1035; -Massinger, City Madam, v. 2 (Luke); As You Like It, iii. 1. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extinct,</span></span> to extinguish. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2 (end); -hence <span class='it'>extincted</span>, pp., Othello, ii. 1. 81.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extirp,</span></span> to extirpate. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 25. L. <span class='it'>extirpare</span>, <span class='it'>exstirpare</span>, -deriv. of <span class='it'>stirps</span>, the stem of a tree.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extort,</span></span> extorted. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 5; v. 10. 25.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extraught,</span></span> extracted. 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 142. Cp. <span class='it'>distraught</span> for <span class='it'>distract</span>, -<span class='it'>distracted</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extreate,</span></span> extraction, origin. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 1. ME. <span class='it'>estrete</span>, extraction, -origin (Gower, C. A. i. 1344), OF. <span class='it'>estraite</span>, birth, origin (Assizes de -Jer., ch. 134); see Bartsch (Glossary).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>extree,</span></span> axle-tree. Golding, Metam. ii. 297; fol. 19, back (1603). In -prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ax, sb.<sup>1</sup>), ME. <span class='it'>ex-tre</span> (Prompt. EETS. 145).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='eyas'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eyas,</span></span> a young hawk taken from the nest for the purpose of training; -<span class='it'>eyas hauke</span>, a young untrained hawk, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 34; <span class='it'>eyas-musket</span> -(used jocularly of a sprightly child), Merry Wives, iii. 3. 22; ‘An aerie of -children little eyases’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 355. F. <span class='it'>niais</span> (Fauconnerie), ‘qui n’a -pas encore quitté le nid’ (Hatzfeld), L. <span class='it'>nidacem</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>nidus</span>, a nest, -cp. Ital. <span class='it'>nidiace</span>, ‘taken out of the nest, a simpleton’ (Florio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#niaise'>niaise</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eye,</span></span> a brood; esp. of pheasants; ‘An Eye of Pheasaunts’, Spenser, Shep. -Kal., April, 118 (E. K. Gloss.); ‘An Eye of tame pheasants Or partridges’, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Worlidge, Dict. Rust. 252; Coles, -Lat. Dict. (1677). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Eye, sb.<sup>2</sup>); also in the form <span class='it'>nye</span> (<span class='it'>nie</span>, <span class='it'>ni</span>), see EDD. OF. <span class='it'>ni</span>, ‘nid’ (La -Curne).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eyre,</span></span> to ‘ear’, to plough. Drayton, Robert Duke of Normandy, st. 5. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#earth'>earth</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>eysel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#eisel'>eisel</a>.</span></p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='F'>F</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>faces about,</span></span> the same as ‘right-about face’, i.e. turn round the -other way. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1. 14; Beaumont and Fl., -Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (Ralph); Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Y. Loveless).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fackins'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fackins.</span></span> The forms here given are distortions of <span class='it'>fay</span> (faith), frequent -in trivial quasi-oaths. <span class='it'>By my fackins</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 3; <span class='it'>By my -feckins</span>, Heywood, 1 Edw. I, iii. 1; <span class='it'>By my facks</span>, Middleton, Quiet Life, -ii. 2; <span class='it'>By my feck</span>, Webster, Cure for Cuckold, iv. 3. Cp. <span class='it'>I’ faikins</span>, in truth, -verily, used in Scotland, Lakeland, and Lancashire (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fay1'>fay</a></span> (1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fact,</span></span> evil deed, crime. Meas. for M. iv. 2. 141; v. 439; Wint. Tale, iii. -2. 86; Macb. iii. 6. 10; <span class='it'>in the fact</span>, in the act, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 173.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fadge,</span></span> to fit, suit, agree; ‘Let men avoid what fadgeth not with their -stomachs’, Robertson, Phras. 708; ‘How ill his shape with inward -forme doth fadge’, Marston, Scourge of Villanie, i. 1. 172; to succeed, -to turn out well, ‘How will this fadge?’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 2. 34; to get -on well, to thrive, ‘Let him that cannot fadge in one course fall to -another’, Cotgrave (s.v. Mouldre). In prov. use in various parts of -England, meaning to fit, suit; to make things fit; to succeed, thrive, -see EDD. (s.v. Fadge, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fading,</span></span> the name of a dance; ‘Fading is a fine jig’, Beaumont and -Fl., Knight B. Pestle, iv. 5 (end). ‘With a fading’ was the refrain of -a popular song of an indecent character, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fagary'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fagary,</span></span> a vagary, freak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Goshawk); -Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fegary'>fegary</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fagioli,</span></span> French beans. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). -Ital. <span class='it'>fagioli</span>, ‘french peason, kidney beanes’ (Florio), Late L. <span class='it'>phaseolus</span> -(Pliny), earlier L. <span class='it'>phaselus</span> (Virgil), Gk. φάσηλος, a kidney-bean.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fail, fayl,</span></span> to deceive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; iii. 11. 46. F. <span class='it'>faillir</span>, -to deceive (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fain,</span></span> to rejoice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 36. Hence <span class='it'>fayning</span>, gladsome, -wistful, Hymn of Love, 216. OE. <span class='it'>fægnian</span>, to rejoice.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fair,</span></span> fairness, beauty. Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 81 (Rasni); Death -of E. of Huntingdon, ii. 1 (Salisbury); iii. 4 (Leicester); in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, viii. 255, 282.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fairy money,</span></span> money given by fairies, which turned to dry leaves if -talked about; ‘Such borrowed wealth, like Fairy-money . . . will be but -Leaves and Dust when it comes to use’, Locke, Human Und. I, iv. (NED.); -Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 1 (Montague). See Davies.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>faitour,</span></span> an impostor, cheat, a lying vagabond. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -May, 39; <span class='it'>faytor</span>, F. Q. i. 12. 35; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 173. See Notes to Piers -Plowman, p. 166. The word means a sham, a maker-up of a character. -OF. <span class='it'>faitour</span>, <span class='it'>faiteör</span>, Romanic type <span class='it'>factitorem</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fa la,</span></span> a snatch of song; ‘The fiddle, and the <span class='it'>fa las</span>’, Fletcher, Mons. -Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). From the notes in the upper part of the -gamut—<span class='it'>fa</span>-sol-<span class='it'>la</span>-si. Hence, <span class='it'>fa la la</span>, as a refrain of a song.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fall,</span></span> the blast blown on a horn at the death of the deer. Gascoigne, -Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 315. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mort1'>mort</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fall,</span></span> a collar falling flat round the neck. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Surly); <span class='it'>falls</span>, pl., Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1 (2 Fellow).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fall,</span></span> autumn; ‘The hole yere is deuided into iiii. partes, spring-time, -somer, faule of the leafe, and winter’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 48; Dryden, -tr. Juvenal, Sat. x. In prov. use in various parts of England, very -common in America (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fall,</span></span> to let fall, Temp. ii. 1. 296; Richard III, v. 3. 135; to happen, -Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 188.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>falling bands;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#band1'>band</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>false:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to false a blow</span>, to make a feint, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 46; -ii. 5. 9. Cp. Cymbeline, ii. 3. 74.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>falser,</span></span> a deceiver. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec.; Epilogue, 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>falx,</span></span> a term in wrestling; a grip round the small of the back. -Drayton, Pol. i. 244; Carew, Cornwall, 76. F. <span class='it'>faux du corps</span> (Sherwood, -s.v. Wast). See NED. (s.v. Faulx).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>famble,</span></span> hand. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); -Harman, Caveat, p. 87. Icel. <span class='it'>fálma</span>, the hand; cp. Swed. <span class='it'>famle</span>, to grope; -cognate with OE. <span class='it'>folm</span>, a hand.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>famble,</span></span> a ring. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond -Senior). So called because worn on the hand. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>famelic,</span></span> exciting hunger, appetizing. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 -(Busy). L. <span class='it'>famelicus</span>, hungry; from <span class='it'>fames</span>, hunger.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Familist,</span></span> one of the sect called the Family of Love. Middleton, -Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby). See Dyce’s introduction to -the Family of Love, by the same dramatist.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fang,</span></span> to take, seize, seize upon. Timon, iv. 3. 23; spelt <span class='it'>vang</span> (Southern), -London Prodigal, iii. 3. 5; <span class='it'>fanged</span>, pp., Northward Ho, i. 2. 6. OE. <span class='it'>fōn</span>, to -take; pp. <span class='it'>gefangen</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fanterie,</span></span> infantry; ‘Cavallery [cavalry] and Fanterie’, Holland, tr. -of Pliny, bk. vi, c. 20; vol. i, p. 128 g; <span class='it'>Fanteries</span>, foot-soldiers, Gascoigne, -Fruites of Warre, st. 152. OF. <span class='it'>fanterie</span> (Roquefort); Ital. ‘<span class='it'>fantería</span>, infantry; -<span class='it'>fante</span>, a boy, a foot soldier’ (Florio); short for <span class='it'>infante</span>, an infant. Cp. ME. -<span class='it'>faunt</span>, child (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 101), whence surname ‘Fauntleroy’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fap,</span></span> drunk. Merry Wives, i. 1. 183.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='farandine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>farandine,</span></span> a kind of cloth, made partly of silk and partly of wool. -Spelt <span class='it'>farrendon</span>, Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 1 (Lucy); <span class='it'>ferrandine</span>, -a gown of this material, id. v. 2 (Mrs. Joyner). Said to be from F. -<span class='it'>Ferrand</span>, the name of the inventor (<span class='it'>c.</span> 1630). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>farce,</span></span> to stuff, fill out; ‘Farce thy lean ribs’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); ‘The farced title’ (i.e. stuffed, tumid), Hen. V, -iv. 1. 280; ‘Wit larded with malice, and malice farced with wit’, Tr. and -Cr. v. 1. 64. See Dict. (s.v. Farce).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='farcion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>farcion, farcyon,</span></span> the farcy, a disease in horses, akin to glanders. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 93. F. <span class='it'>farcin</span>; see Hatzfeld. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fashions'>fashions</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fardle,</span></span> to furl a sail. Golding, Metam. xi. 483; fol. 138 (1603). F. -<span class='it'>fardeler</span>, to truss or pack up (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v. Fardel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fare,</span></span> course; track of a hare. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 16; Fletcher, Faithful -Shepherdess, iv. 2. 18. OE. <span class='it'>fær</span>, course; from <span class='it'>faran</span>, to go.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>far-fet,</span></span> fetched from afar. Milton, P. R. ii. 401. Things ‘far-fet’ were -proverbially said to be good (or fit) for ladies; ‘Farre fet and deere -bought is good for Ladyes’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 93). See The Malcontent, -v. 2 (Mendoza); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, 1 Prologue; Cynthia’s -Revels, iv. 1 (Argurion).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>farlies,</span></span> strange things, wonders. Drayton, Pol. x. 170. ‘Ferlies’ (or -‘fairlies’) is in common use in Scotland for ‘sights, show things to be seen, -lions’, see EDD. (sv. Ferly, 4). ME. <span class='it'>ferly</span>, strange, wonderful; also, a -wonder (Barbour’s Bruce), OE. <span class='it'>fǣrlic</span>, sudden, unexpected.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fashions'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fashions,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fashion,</span></span> the ‘farcy’, a disease of the skin in horses, -Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 53; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Andelocia). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#farcion'>farcion</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fast and loose,</span></span> a cheating game with a leather strap, which is made -up in intricate folds and laid edgewise on a table; the novice thrusts a -skewer into it, thinking to hold it fast thereby, but the trickster takes hold -of both ends and draws it away. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 1 (Theodore); -City Nightcap, iv. 1 (Dorothea).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>faste,</span></span> faced, having faces; ‘Some faste Like loathly toades’, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 11. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fastidious,</span></span> distasteful, displeasing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 9, § 1; disdainful, B. Jonson, New Inn, Ode (at the end), l. 7.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fatch,</span></span> a ‘vetch’; ‘A fatch for Love!’, Turbervile, The Penitent Lover, -last stanza; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 1 (note on the word <span class='it'>Cicero</span>). See -EDD. (s.v. Fatch).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fault,</span></span> a misfortune. Pericles, iv. 2. 79; Massinger, Bondman, v. 1 -(Leosthenes).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>faun,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fawn,</span></span> an act of fawning upon; a cringing. Phineas Fletcher, -An Apology for the Premises, st. 4; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 4 (Tucca).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fausen,</span></span> a kind of eel (?). Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 190. In Kent -<span class='it'>fazen-eel</span> is in use for a large brown eel; see EDD. (s.v. Fazen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fautie,</span></span> ‘faulty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 99. 2. The ordinary pronunciation -in Scotland, and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Faulty). F. <span class='it'>fautif</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fautor'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fautor,</span></span> an adherent, partisan; spelt <span class='it'>faultor</span>, Mirror for Mag., Worcester, -xx; a protector, patron, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 441; xi. 325. F. <span class='it'>fauteur</span>, -‘a fauter, favourer, protector’ (Cotgr.); L. <span class='it'>fautor</span>, a favourer, patron.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fautress,</span></span> a patroness. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 670.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Favell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Favell,</span></span> a personification of flattery; ‘The fyrste was Favell, full of -flatery, Wyth fables false that well coude fayne a tale’, Skelton, Bowge -of Courte, 134; ‘Favell hath a goodly grace In eloquence’, Wyatt, The -Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 216). ME. <span class='it'>Fauel</span>: ‘Bothe Fals and Fauel and fykeltonge -Lyere’ (P. Plowman, C. iii. 6); see Notes, pp. 42, 43. Hoccleve, in -his De Regimine Principum (ed. Wright, pp. 106, 111), fully describes -<span class='it'>favelle</span> or flattery, and says, ‘In wrong praising is all his craft and arte’. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#curry-favell'>curry-favell</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fawting,</span></span> favourable. Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 21 (ed. 1575). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#fautor'>fautor</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fay1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fay,</span></span> faith. Spenser, F. Q. v. S. 19; phr. <span class='it'>by my fay</span>, by my faith, Romeo, -i. 5. 128. ME. <span class='it'>fey</span>, faith (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1126); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>fei</span> (F. <span class='it'>foi</span>). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#fackins'>fackins</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fay2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fay,</span></span> to clear away filth, to clean out a ditch or pond. Burton, Anat. Mel. -i. 2. 4: Holland, tr. Livy, xxi. 37 (ed. 1609, 414); spelt <span class='it'>fie</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 20. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E. -Anglia: in the former ‘fey’ is the usual form, in the latter ‘fie’, see EDD. -(s.v. Fay, vb.<sup>1</sup>). Icel. <span class='it'>fǣgja</span>, to cleanse, polish.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fayles,</span></span> a variety of backgammon, played with three dice. B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. iii. 8. 104. Described in Gifford’s note; so called -because a particular throw caused the adversary <span class='it'>to fail</span>. See NED. (where -there is cited from Ludus Anglicorum (<span class='it'>c.</span> <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1330) ‘Est et alius ludus -qui vocatur Faylys’). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='feague1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feague,</span></span> to settle one’s business, to take one in hand, to dispose of. -Etherege, She Would if she Could, iii. 3 (Sir Oliver); also (Sir Joslin’s -Song); iv. 2 (Sir Oliver). Spelt <span class='it'>fegue</span>, Wycherley, Love in a Wood, i. 1 -(end). Cp. G. <span class='it'>fegen</span>, to sweep, to clean, to furbish; also, to chastise, rebuke; -Du. <span class='it'>vegen</span>. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feague,</span></span> to whip. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). Probably -the same word as above. See EDD. (s.v. Feag).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feak,</span></span> a dangling curl of hair. Marston, Sat. i. 38. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feants,</span></span> for <span class='it'>fiants</span> or <span class='it'>fyaunts</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#fiants'>fiants</a>.</span> Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; -p. 98.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fear,</span></span> an object of terror. Hamlet, iii. 3. 25; Milton, P. L. ix. 285; to -terrify, Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 221; 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 2. ‘To fear’ is used in -this sense in Scotland and in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feat,</span></span> made, fashioned. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 2 (Sir N. Treadle); -clever, dexterous, Cymb. v. 5. 88; graceful, ‘She speaks feat English’, -Fletcher, Night-walker, iii. 6; neat, becoming, Temp. ii. 1. 273; to make -a person elegant, Cymb. i. 1. 49. ‘Feat’ is in gen. prov. use in the sense -of suitable, also, dexterous, adroit, smart (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>fait</span>, made; <span class='it'>fait pour</span>, -made for, suitable for.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='featuously'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>featuously,</span></span> elegantly, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv, Ballad of Dowsabel, -24; <span class='it'>feateously</span>, dexterously, nimbly, Spenser, Prothal. 27. ME. <span class='it'>fetysly</span>, -exquisitely; <span class='it'>fetys</span>, well-made, handsome, graceful (Chaucer). OF. <span class='it'>fetis</span>, -<span class='it'>feitis</span>; L. <span class='it'>facticius</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feature,</span></span> fashion, make, form. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44; ‘The grim -Feature’ (used of Satan), Milton, P. L. x. 279.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feaze;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#feeze'>feeze</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='feeze'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feeze.</span></span> The threat ‘I’ll feeze you’ seems to have given rise to the -sense. To ‘do for’, ‘settle the business of’, also, to beat, flog. Beaumont -and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Ricardo); <span class='it'>veeze</span>, Massinger, Emperor East, iv. 2 -(Countryman); <span class='it'>pheese</span>, Tam. Shrew, Induct, i. 1. ‘To fease’ is in prov. -use in Scotland and in various parts of England—Midlands, E. Anglia, -and South Coast, in the sense of to drive away, to put to flight (EDD.). -OE. <span class='it'>fēsan</span>, to drive away; cp. Norw. dialect <span class='it'>föysa</span> (Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fegary'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fegary, figary,</span></span> ‘vagary’, freak, whimsical trick. Spelt <span class='it'>figuary</span>, -Beaumont and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2 (Clown); <span class='it'>fegary</span>, Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Diego). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fagary'>fagary</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fegue;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#feague1'>feague</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>felfare,</span></span> a field-fare. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (L. -Beaufort). So in Nottingham and Warwick (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fell,</span></span> a marsh, a fen. Drayton, Pol. iii. 113; see NED. (s.v. Fell, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2 b).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fell,</span></span> gall, rancour. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 2. L. <span class='it'>fel</span>, gall.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fell’ff,</span></span> the ‘felloe’ of a wheel, part of the wheel-rim. Chapman, tr. -Iliad, iv. 525. A Yorks. pron. of ‘felloe’ (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>felg</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fellowly,</span></span> companionable, sympathetic. Temp. v. 1. 64; <span class='it'>fellowlie</span>, -Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 55.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>felly,</span></span> cruelly, fiercely. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 50.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>felness,</span></span> fierceness, spite, anger. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 37.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feltred,</span></span> with wool matted close together; ‘Feltred ram’, Chapman, -tr. Iliad, iii. 219; ‘His felter’d locks’, Fairfax, Tasso, iv. 7. See EDD. -(s.v. Felter).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feme, feeme,</span></span> a woman; ‘Take time therefore, thou foolish Feeme’, -Turbervile, On the divers Passions of his Love, st. 3 from end. OF. <span class='it'>feme</span> -(F. <span class='it'>femme</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feminitee,</span></span> womanhood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 51.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fennel,</span></span> supposed to be an emblem of flattery; ‘How this smells of -fennel’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Count F.). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fenny'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fenny,</span></span> spoiled with damp, mouldy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 44; -‘<span class='it'>Fenny</span>, mouldy as fenny cheese’, Worlidge, Ray’s English Words, 1691. -In prov. use (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>fynig</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#finewed'>finewed</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fensive,</span></span> ‘defensive’, capable of defence. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -ii. 301; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 4 (st. 4 from end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fere, feere,</span></span> a companion, mate, spouse. Titus Andron. iv. 1. 89. -Often spelt <span class='it'>pheer</span>, <span class='it'>pheere</span>, as in Spenser, Muse of Thestylis, 100. ME. <span class='it'>fere</span> -(Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>ge-fēra</span>, a companion.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferk;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#firk2'>firk</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferle,</span></span> a ‘ferule’; a rod, sceptre; ‘The one of knight-hoode bare the -ferle’, Mirror for Mag., Mortimer, st. 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferme,</span></span> a lodging; ‘His sinfull sowle with desperate disdaine Out of -her fleshly ferme fled to the place of paine’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferrandine;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#farandine'>farandine</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferrary,</span></span> farriery, the art of working in iron. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xiv. 141.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferrour,</span></span> ‘farrier’. Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). OF. <span class='it'>ferrier</span> (Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferse,</span></span> the piece now known as the ‘queen’ in chess. Surrey, To the -Lady that scorned, 12, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 21; ‘<span class='it'>Fers</span>, The Queen at -Chess-play’, Bullokar. ME. <span class='it'>fers</span> (Chaucer, Book Duch., 654). OF. <span class='it'>fierce</span>, -also, <span class='it'>fierge</span> (Roman Rose), Med. L. <span class='it'>fercia</span> (Ducange). Of Persian origin, -<span class='it'>ferzên</span>, prop. ‘wise man’, ‘counsellor’, cp. Arab, <span class='it'>firzân</span>, queen in chess.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ferula,</span></span> a flat wooden bat, used by schoolmasters for inflicting pats -on the palm of a boy’s hand. North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 41 (in -Shak. Plut., p. 96, n. 1); Englished as <span class='it'>ferule</span>, Hall, Satires, iv. 1. 169. -L. <span class='it'>ferula</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fescue,</span></span> a little stick or pin, for pointing out the letters to children -learning to read. Hall, Satires, iv. 2. 100; Dryden, Prologue to Cleomenes, -38. Hence, the gnomon of a dial; Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 84. OF. <span class='it'>festu</span> -(F. <span class='it'>fétu</span>), a straw, O. Prov. <span class='it'>festuc</span>, for L. <span class='it'>festūca</span>, a straw (cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>festuga</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>festinately,</span></span> hastily. L. L. L. iii. 1. 6. Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>festinus</span>, hasty.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fet,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> and <span class='it'>pp.</span> fetched; ‘David sent, and fet her to his house’, -<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Sam. xi. 27, Acts xxviii. 13 (ed. 1611); ‘This conclusion is far -fet’, Jewel (Wks., ed. Parker Soc. i. 146); ‘Deep-fet groans’, 2 Hen. VI, -ii. 4. 33; B. Jonson, Silent Woman, Prol. ‘To fet’ is in gen. prov. use -for ‘fetch’ in Lancashire and Midland counties (EDD.) ME. <span class='it'>fette</span>, pt. s. -of <span class='it'>fecchen</span>, and <span class='it'>fet</span> pp. (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>fette</span>, pt. s., and <span class='it'>fetod</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>fetian</span>, -to fetch (B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fetch,</span></span> a trick, stratagem. Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 2; Hamlet, ii. 1. -38; King Lear, ii. 4. 90. In gen. prov. use in various parts of England, -see EDD. (s.v. Fetch, sb.<sup>2</sup> 14).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fetch in,</span></span> to seize upon, apprehend. Ant. and Cl. iv. 1. 14, Massinger, -Roman Actor, iv. 1 (Parthenius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fetuous,</span></span> well-formed, well-made. Herrick, The Temple, 68; <span class='it'>featous</span> -(NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#featuously'>featuously</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feutred,</span></span> featured, fashioned. J. Heywood, The Four Plays, Anc. Brit. -Drama, i. 19, col. 1; Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 376. The strange spelling -<span class='it'>feautered</span> also occurs (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fewmand.</span></span> Only in B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Earnie): ‘They -[a young badger and a ferret] fewmand all the claithes’. ‘Fewmand’ -belongs to the imaginary dialect of the piece; it apparently means ‘to -foul’, ‘to soil’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fewmets'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fewmets,</span></span> the excrement of a deer. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 2 -(John); Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306; ‘<span class='it'>Fumées</span>, the -dung or excrements of Deer, called by woodmen, fewmets, or fewmishing’, -Cotgrave. Cp. F. <span class='it'>fumier</span>, dung, manure, cogn. w. L. <span class='it'>fimus</span>, dung, excrement. -See NED. (s.v. Fumet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fewterer'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fewterer,</span></span> a term of the chase, one who looks after the dogs in the -kennel, and lets them loose at the proper time. Beaumont and Fl., -Tamer Tamed, ii. 2; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yeoman-fewterer'>yeoman-fewterer</a>.</span> -ME. <span class='it'>vewter</span>, a keeper of greyhounds (Bk. Curtasye 631, in -Babee’s Bk., ed. 1868, p. 320). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>veutrier</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>veltrarius</span> (Ducange), -deriv. of Romanic type <span class='it'>veltrus</span>, a greyhound. Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>veltre</span>, It. <span class='it'>veltro</span>, -for older L. <span class='it'>vertragus</span>, a greyhound, a Gaulish word.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>feyster,</span></span> to fester, as a wound. Morte Arthur, leaf 394, back, 31; -bk. xix, c. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fiant, fiaunt,</span></span> a warrant. Spenser, Mother Hub. 1144. L. <span class='it'>fiant</span>, in -phr. <span class='it'>fiant literae patentes</span>, let letters patent be made out; used of a warrant -addressed to the Irish Chancery for a grant under the Great Seal (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fiants'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fiants,</span></span> the excrements of certain animals, esp. of the fox or badger, -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 76, p. 216; <span class='it'>fyaunts</span>, id., c. 66, p. 184. F. <span class='it'>fiente</span>, the -excrement of certain animals (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fico'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fico,</span></span> a fig. Gascoigne, Herbes (Wks., ed. 1587, 153); as a type of anything -valueless or contemptible, ‘A fico for the phrase’, Merry Wives, -i. 3. 33. Ital. <span class='it'>fico</span>. See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fidge'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fidge,</span></span> to keep in continual movement. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 -(Cokes); Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4 (Hodge); ‘<span class='it'>Remuer</span>, to move, stir, -fidge’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fie;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#fay2'>fay</a></span> (to clean).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fig of Spain,</span></span> a contemptuous gesture, consisting in thrusting the -thumb between two of the closed fingers. Hen. V, iii. 6. 62; phr. <span class='it'>to give -the fig</span>, to insult thus, 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 123. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>figent,</span></span> fidgeting restless. Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer, -iii. 2 (Vertaigne); Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan); Chapman and others, Eastward -Ho, iii. 2 (Quicksilver). Deriv. of <span class='bold'><a href='#fidge'>fidge</a>.</span> See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fig-frail,</span></span> a basket for holding figs. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, -iv. 5 (Bungler). See <span class='bold'><a href='#frail'>frail</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>figging-law,</span></span> the art of cutting purses and picking pockets. Dekker, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>figgum,</span></span> (perhaps) a juggler’s trick. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 5 -(Sir P. E.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fights'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fights,</span></span> screens of cloth used during a naval engagement, to conceal -and protect a crew. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 142; ‘Bear my fights out bravely’, -Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Dryden, Amboyne, iii. 3 (Song); -Heywood, Fair Maid of West, iv (Wks., ed. 1874, ii. 316); Phillips, -Dict. 1706.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>figo,</span></span> a fig. Hen. V, iii. 6. 60; iv. 1. 60. Span. <span class='it'>figo</span>; L. <span class='it'>ficus</span>. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#fico'>fico</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>filch,</span></span> a hooked staff, used by thieves. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 -(Higgen); also called a <span class='it'>filchman</span>, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>file,</span></span> the thread, course, or tenor of a story or argument. Spenser, F. Q. -vii. 6. 37. F. <span class='it'>fil</span>, a thread, L. <span class='it'>filum</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>file,</span></span> to render foul, filthy, or dirty; ‘To file my hands in villain’s blood’, -Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, iii (Scarborow); Macbeth, iii. 1. 65. -In prov. use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>fȳlan</span> (in -compounds), deriv. of <span class='it'>fūl</span>, foul.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>filed,</span></span> polished with the ‘file’; neatly sculptured; also <span class='it'>fig.</span> of literary -work. Tale of Pygmalion, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 131; ‘True-filed lines’, -B. Jonson, Pref. Verses to Shakespeare (1623), 68.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fill;</span></span> <span class='it'>fills</span>, pl., the ‘thills’ or shafts of a cart. Tr. and Cr. iii. 2. 48; -hence <span class='it'>fill-horse</span>, a shaft-horse, Herrick, The Hock-cart, 21; spelt <span class='it'>phil-horse</span>, -Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 100. ‘Fill’ and ‘fill-horse’ are both in prov. use (EDD.). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#thiller'>thiller</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>filograin,</span></span> ‘filigree’. Butler, On P. Nye’s Thanksgiving Beard, l. 13 -from end. Ital. <span class='it'>filigrana</span> (Fanfani). See Dict. (s.v. Filigree).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fincture,</span></span> a feint, in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 54. -Ital. <span class='it'>finctura</span>, <span class='it'>fintura</span> (NED.); deriv. of L. <span class='it'>fingere</span>, to feign.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fine,</span></span> end. Much Ado, i. 1. 247; Hamlet, v. 1. 113.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fineness,</span></span> ingenuity. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 209; Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1 -(Master).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='finewed'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>finewed,</span></span> musty, mouldy. Mirr. for Mag., Lord Hastings, st. 28; spelt -<span class='it'>fenowed</span>, ‘The Scripture . . . is a Panary of holesome foode against fenowed -traditions’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1611, The Translators to the Reader; <span class='it'>vinewed</span>, Baret, -Alvearie (s.vv. Mouldie <span class='it'>and</span> Hoarie); Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 15 (in the Folios -<span class='it'>whinid</span>). ‘Vinnewed’ (or ‘Vinnied’), mouldy, is in common prov. use in -the south-west of England, see EDD. (s.v. Vinny). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fenny'>fenny</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fingle-fangle,</span></span> a trifle. Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 454.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fire-drake,</span></span> a fiery dragon; hence, a meteor. Hen. VIII, v. 4. 45; -Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (<span class='it'>or</span> 5), near the end. OE. -<span class='it'>fȳr-draca</span>; <span class='it'>fȳr</span>, fire, and <span class='it'>draca</span>, L. <span class='it'>draco</span>, Gk. δράκων, a dragon; cp. E. <span class='it'>dragon</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fireship,</span></span> a prostitute. (Cant.) Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir -Simon). [Smollett, Roderick Random, 1. xxiii.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk,</span></span> to beat, trounce. Hen. V, iv. 4. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Firk, 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='firk2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk,</span></span> to cheat, rob. Dekker, Honest Wh. (NED.); spelt <span class='it'>ferk</span>, Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Firk, 2, c).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk,</span></span> to move about briskly, to frisk, gallop. Shirley, Hyde Park, iv. 3 -(Song). See NED. (s.v. Firk, 3 b).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk,</span></span> a frisk; (humorously), a dance. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 2 (Lacy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>firk up,</span></span> to trim up. Shirley, Constant Maid, ii. 1 (Playfair).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fisgig,</span></span> a light, worthless female, fond of gadding about. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 77. 8; ‘<span class='it'>Trotiere</span>, a fisgig, fisking huswife, gadding flirt’, Cotgrave. -See NED. (s.v. Fizgig).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fisk,</span></span> to scamper about, frisk, move briskly; ‘Then he fyskes abrode’, -Latimer, Fourth Sermon (ed. Arber, p. 104); ‘Tome Tannkard’s Cow . . . -fysking with her taile’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2; <span class='it'>fysking</span>, Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 45. 2; ‘Fisking about the house’, Otway, Venice Preserved, -ii. 1 (Pierre). A Shropshire word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fist,</span></span> a contemptuous expression; ‘Fist o’ your kindness!’, Eastward Ho, -iv. 1 [<span class='it'>or</span> 2] (Gertrude). Also spelt <span class='it'>fiste</span>, <span class='it'>fyste</span>, <span class='it'>foist</span>; the orig. sense is a breaking -wind, a disagreeable smell. See NED. (s.v. Fist, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fisting-hound,</span></span> a spaniel; a contemptuous term. Fleming, tr. of -Caius’ Dogs; in Arber, Eng. Garner, iii. 287. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fitches,</span></span> ‘vetches’. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah xxviii. 25; <span class='it'>fytches</span>, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -§ 20. 40, § 70. 8. ‘<span class='it'>Vesce</span>, . . . fitch or vitch’, Cotgrave. ‘Fitches’ -in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fitchock, fichok,</span></span> a polecat. Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); Scornful -Lady, v. 1 (end). ‘Fitch’ is a common prov. word for the polecat; see -EDD. (s.v. Fitch, also, Fitchock).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fitten'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fitten, fitton,</span></span> an untruth, an invention. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus); Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 54. ‘Fitten’ is in -prov. use for ‘an idle fancy’, ‘a pretence’, in Hants., Wilts., and Somerset -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>fyton</span> or lesynge, ‘mendacium’ (Prompt. EETS., see note -no. 729).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fitters,</span></span> fragments, rags, pieces. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, iii. 3. 4; Pilgrim, i. 1. 22. In prov. use in the north (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='five-and-fifty'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>five-and-fifty,</span></span> the highest number to stand on, at the game of primero. -But it could be beaten by a flush, i.e. when the cards were all of -one colour. ‘As big as <span class='it'>five-and-fifty and flush</span>’; as confident as one who -held five-and-fifty in number, and also held a flush; so that he could not -be beaten; B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>five eggs:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to come in with one’s five eggs</span>, to break in or interrupt -fussily with an idle story; ‘Persones coming in with their five egges, -how that Sylla had geuen ouer his office’, Udall, tr. of Erasmus’s Apoph., -p. 272; ‘Another commeth in with his fiue egges’, Robinson, tr. More’s -Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 56). The orig. phrase had reference to the offering -of <span class='it'>five eggs for a penny</span>, which was a trivial offer, and not very advantageous -to the purchaser in the sixteenth century; See <span class='bold'><a href='#eggs2'>eggs</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fiveleaf,</span></span> cinquefoil, <span class='it'>Potentilla reptans</span>. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 229; ‘Of -Cinquefoyle, or Five-finger grasse’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. 56.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fives'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fives,</span></span> a disease of horses. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54; ‘Vyves, a disease -that an horse hath, <span class='it'>avives</span>’, Palsgrave; so Cotgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Adivas</span>, the disease -in Horses and other Beasts call’d the Vives’, Stevens, Span. Dict., 1706. -Of Arabic origin, <span class='it'>ad-dhîba</span>, ‘morbi species qua affici solet guttur jumenti’ -(Freytag); see Dozy, Glossaire, p. 45.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fixation,</span></span> in alchemy; the process that rendered the elixir fixed. -B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flacket,</span></span> a flask, bottle, or vessel; ‘A flacket of wyne’, Great Bible -(1539), 1 Sam. xvi. 20; ‘A flacket, <span class='it'>Uter formam habens doliarem</span>’, Coles, -Dict., 1679. In prov. use in Yorkshire for a small cask-shaped vessel for -holding beer (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>flaket</span>, ‘obba, uter’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>flakette</span>, -‘flasca’ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>flaket</span> (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flag,</span></span> used as a sign or signal; ‘A flag and sign of love’, Othello, i. 1. -157; ‘His flag hangs out’ (i.e. as an advertisement), Middleton, The -Widow, iv. 1 (Valeria); ‘ ’Tis Lent, the flag’s down’ (i.e. there is no flag -flying above the theatre, because it is Lent, and the performances are -suspended), Middleton, A Mad World, i. 1 (Follywit).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flaighted, fleighted,</span></span> terrified. Golding, Metam. iv. 597; fol. 52 -(1603); id., xi. 677. See NED. (s.v. Flaite, also, Flight). ‘To flight’ -means properly ‘to put to flight’, hence, ‘to frighten’, ‘to scare’. Cp. -EDD. (s.v. Flaite).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flanker,</span></span> a fortification protecting men against a ‘flank’ or side attack; -‘Flankers . . . cannon-proof’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Rossaline).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flantado,</span></span> flaunting display. Only occurs in Stanyhurst (tr. Aeneid, -i. 44).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='flapdragon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flapdragon,</span></span> a combustible put in liquor, to be swallowed flaming; -e.g. a raisin set on fire. L. L. L. v. 1. 45; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 -(Clause). Hence, as vb., to swallow quickly, Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 100.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flapjack,</span></span> a pancake; also, an apple turnover. Pericles, ii. 1. 87; -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Vincent); see Nares. In prov. use in E. -Anglia, Sussex, and Somerset (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flappet,</span></span> a little flap; ‘A flappet of wood’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight -of the B. Pestle, i. 2 (<span class='it'>or</span> 3), Ralph. The sense of <span class='it'>flap</span> is here uncertain; -perhaps a fly-flapper, to keep off flies.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flash,</span></span> a pool, a marshy place. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 60; Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 70. In common prov. use in the north country, also in -Lincoln and Shropshire; occurring frequently in place-names, see EDD. -(s.v. Flash, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>flasch</span>, ‘lacuna’ (Prompt.), OF. <span class='it'>flache</span>, ‘locus aquis -stagnantibus oppletus’ (Didot), Med. L. <span class='it'>flachia</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flask,</span></span> to flap; also, to cause to flutter; ‘To flask his wings’, Golding, -Metam. vi. 703 (fol. 77); ‘The weather flaskt . . . her garments’, id., ii. -last line.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flasky,</span></span> (perhaps) belonging to a ‘flask’ or ‘flash’, a muddy pool; ‘The -flasky fiends of Limbo lake’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -iv. 149. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flat-cap,</span></span> a London citizen; esp. a London apprentice; ‘Flat-caps -thou call’st us. We scorne not the name’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV, sc. 1 -(NED.); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 1 (Song, st. 4). See -Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flatchet,</span></span> a sword. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 92; <span class='it'>flachet</span>, iii. 241. -529. Cp. MHG. <span class='it'>flatsche</span>, <span class='it'>flasche</span>, a sword with a broad blade (Weigand).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flatted,</span></span> laid flat, levelled, made smooth. Dryden, Ceyx and Alcyone, -131; tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x, 158. See EDD. (s.v. Flat, v. 21).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flaunt-a-flaunt,</span></span> flauntingly displayed. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flaw,</span></span> a gust of wind. Arden of Fev. iv. 4. 44; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 354; -Hamlet, v. 1. 239. Metaphorically, a quarrel; Webster, White Devil -(Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. In prov. use in Scotland, also, in Devon and -Cornwall (EDD.). Norw. dial, <span class='it'>flaga</span>, a gust of wind (Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flaw,</span></span> to ‘flay’. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). In prov. use in -Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Flaw, vb. 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleck,</span></span> to spot, stain; hence <span class='it'>fleckt</span>, spotted in the cheek, flushed with -wine; ‘And drinke, till they be fleckt’, Mirror for Mag., Norfolk, st. -25. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Fleck, vb.<sup>1</sup> 5). Cp. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>flekk</span>, a spot (Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fledge'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fledge,</span></span> fully fledged, ready to fly. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal -ii. 147; ‘Fledge souls’, Herbert, Temple, Death. OE. <span class='it'>flycge</span>, fledged; -cp. G. <span class='it'>flügge</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Fledge). See <span class='bold'><a href='#flidge'>flidge</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fleet1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleet,</span></span> to be afloat. Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 171; to be overflowed, to be -covered with water; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33; to pass or while away (time), -As You Like It, i. 1. 124. OE. <span class='it'>flēotan</span>, to float.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleet,</span></span> to skim cream off milk; ‘I shall fleet their cream-bowls’, Grim -the Collier, iv. 1 (Robin), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 443; Lyly, Euphues -(ed. Arber, p. 336). In prov. use in the north country, E. Anglia, and -Kent and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, vb.<sup>2</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>flēt</span>, cream. Cp. -Bremen dial. <span class='it'>flöten</span>, ‘die Sahne von der Milch abnehmen’ (Wtb.).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>fleeten,</span> pale, of the colour of skimmed milk; ‘You fleeten face!’, -Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, iii. 1 (Conon).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleet,</span></span> a creek, inlet, run of water. Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 191; xxv. 51. -129. In prov. use in various parts of England; esp. in E. Anglia and -Kent; hence the name of Northfleet, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, sb.<sup>1</sup> 9). OE. -<span class='it'>flēot</span>, estuary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fleme,</span></span> to put to flight. Morte Arthur, leaf 318. 8; bk. xiii, c. 16; lf. -414, back, 16; bk. xx, c. 17. OE. <span class='it'>flēman</span> (Anglian), to put to flight; deriv. -of <span class='it'>flēam</span>, flight.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flert;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#flirt'>flirt</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flesh,</span></span> to feed with flesh, to satiate, All’s Well, iv. 3. 19; 2 Hen. IV, -iv. 5. 133; to feed the sword with flesh for the first time, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. -133; to make fierce and eager for combat, King John, v. 1. 71. Hence -<span class='it'>fleshed</span>, eager for battle, inured to bloodshed, Richard III, iv. 3. 6; ‘A -flesh’d ruffian’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2 (Zabulon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fletcher,</span></span> a maker or seller of arrows. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 110; -‘Jack Fletcher and his bolt’, Damon and Pithias (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 19). -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>fleccher</span>, arrow-maker (Rough List); F. <span class='it'>flèche</span>, arrow.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flete,</span></span> to float. Surrey, Description of Spring, 8; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 4. -<span class='it'>Fletyng</span>, floating, swimming, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 259. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fleet1'>fleet</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flew,</span></span> the large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound; as of a bloodhound. -Hence <span class='it'>flews</span>, with the sense of flaps, or flapping skirts, Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre). Hence also <span class='it'>flew’d</span>, having flews (of a particular -quality), Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 125.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flew,</span></span> a tube, pipe; see <span class='bold'><a href='#flue'>flue</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='flibote'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flibote, fly-boat,</span></span> a fast-sailing vessel. Heywood, King Edw. IV -(Spicing), vol. i, p. 38; If you know not me (Medina), vol. i, p. 336. Dutch -<span class='it'>Vlie-boot</span>, boat on the river <span class='it'>Vlie</span>, the channel leading out of the Zuyder -Zee. See NED. (s.v. Fly-boat).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flicker,</span></span> to flutter. Fletcher, Pilgrim, i. 1 (Alphonso); Dryden, Palamon, -1399. Metaph. to make fond movements, as with wings: Palsgrave has, -‘<span class='it'>I flycker</span>, I kysse together.’</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flicker-mouse,</span></span> a bat, a ‘flittermouse’. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1; -‘<span class='it'>Ratepenade</span>, a bat, rearmouse or flickermouse’, Cotgrave. A Sussex word -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='flidge'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flidge,</span></span> fledged, furnished with feathers. Warner, Albion’s England. -bk. ii, ch. 10, st. 48; Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 4, p. 33; <span class='it'>flig</span>, Peele, -Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 408). OE. <span class='it'>flyege</span>, fledged. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fledge'>fledge</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flight,</span></span> an arrow for long distances, light and well-feathered. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); <span class='it'>flight-shot</span>, the distance to which -a flight-arrow is shot, about 600 yards; ‘A flite shot over, as much as the -Tamise is above the Bridge’, Leland, Itin. (ed. 1744, iv. 41); ‘It being -from the park about two flight-shots in length’, Desc. of Royal Entertainment, -1613 (Works of T. Campion, ed. Bullen, p. 179); ‘Two flight-shot -off’, Heywood, A Woman Killed, iv. 5. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flip-flap,</span></span> a fly-flapper, for driving away flies. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, -i. 2 (Andelocia); <span class='it'>flyp-flap</span>, a lap of a garment, Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, -508.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='flirt'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flirt, flert,</span></span> to throw with a jerk, to jerk, fillip. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, iii (ed. Arber, 84); Drayton, Pol. vi. 50; to move with a jerk, to -dart, to take short quick flights, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i (ed. Arber, 31).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flirt-gill, flurt-gill, flurt-gillian,</span></span> a woman of light behaviour, a -flirt. Romeo, ii. 4. 162; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 1 -(Wife); <span class='it'>flurt-Gillian</span>, The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady). ‘Gill’ and ‘Gillian’ -are forms of the Christian-name ‘Juliana’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flitter-mouse,</span></span> a bat. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Alken); Alchemist, -v. 2 (Subtle). In common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flix,</span></span> fur of the hare. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 132. Also applied to other -animals; ‘the flix of goat’, Dyer, The Fleece, bk. iv, l. 104. In prov. use -for the fur of a hare, rabbit, or cat, see EDD. (s.v. Flick, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>float,</span></span> flow, flood of the tide. Ford, Love’s Sacr. ii. 3; <span class='it'>in float</span>, at high -water, ‘Hee being now in Float for Treasure’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, 128); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Rod). See <span class='bold'><a href='#flote'>flote</a></span> (wave).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flocket,</span></span> a loose garment with long sleeves. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 53.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Florentine,</span></span> a kind of pie; meat baked in a dish, with a cover of paste. -Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, v. 1 (Lazarillo); ‘I went to Florence, -from whence we have the art of making custards, which are therefore -called Florentines’, Wit’s Interpreter (Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='flote'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flote,</span></span> a fleet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 142, back, 31; 216, back, 1; -Hakluyt, Voy. i. 296, l. 2; spelt <span class='it'>floate</span>, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 135. -OE. <span class='it'>flota</span>, a ship, fleet (BT.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flote,</span></span> a wave, billow; also, the sea; ‘The Mediterranean Flote’, Tempest, -i. 2. 234; ‘The flotes of the see’, Caxton, Jason, 114 (NED.). OF. -<span class='it'>flot</span>, a wave (Hatzfeld); cp. OE. <span class='it'>flot</span>, the sea (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flote,</span></span> to skim milk, to take off the cream. Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. 1. -See EDD. (s.v. Float, vb. 16).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flower-de-luce,</span></span> the ‘fleur-de-lis’, a plant of the genus Iris. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 43. 11; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 16; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 127; also, -the heraldic lily, the armorial emblem of France, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. 80.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flown:</span></span> ‘The Sons of Belial, flown with insolence and wine’, Milton, -P. L. i. 502; ‘Flowen with wine’, Ussher, Ann, vi. 250 (NED.). ‘Flown’ -was orig. used of a stream in full flow, ‘in flood’; ‘Cedron . . . in wynter -. . . is mervaylously flowen with rage of water’, Guilford’s Pilgrimage (ed. -Camden Soc. 31). See NED. (s.v. Flow, vb. 11 b).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fluce,</span></span> to flounce, plunge; ‘They [cattle] backward fluce and fling’, -Drayton, The Moon-calf, 1352. Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='flue'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flue, flew,</span></span> an air-passage, a tube or pipe. In NED. (s.v. Flue, sb.<sup>3</sup>) is -this note:—‘The following passage is usually quoted as the earliest example -of the word, which is supposed to mean here the spiral cavity of a shell. -But <span class='it'>flue</span> is probably a misprint for <span class='it'>flute</span>. [The quotation follows]: 1562, -Phaer, <span class='it'>Aeneid</span> x [l. 209 of Lat. text] With whelkid shell Whoes wrinckly -wreathed <span class='it'>flue</span>, did fearful shril in seas outyell.’ But this suggestion cannot -be right; for the word occurs again in a parallel passage, where the -spelling is <span class='it'>flew</span>, occurring at the end of a line, and riming with <span class='it'>blew</span>; viz. -‘Dolphins blew, And Tritons blowe their Trumpes, y<sup>t</sup> sounds in seas -w<sup>t</sup> dropping <span class='it'>flew</span>,’ Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, v. 824.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fluence,</span></span> a flowing stream. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224; also, -fluency, Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Works, vol. ii, p. 86).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flundering,</span></span> ‘floundering’, plunging and tossing; ‘Th’ unruly flundring -steeds’, H. More, Song of Soul, i. 1. 17; Chapman, Gent. Usher, -i. 1 (Vincentio); the word makes no sense here, for the passage is -intentional nonsense. But it’s a loud-sounding and impressive word.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flundge,</span></span> fly out, are flung out. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 59. -An onomatopoeic word, not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flurt at,</span></span> to sneer at, to scoff at. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 19; Beaumont -and Fl., Rule a Wife, iii. 2; id., Pilgrim, i. 1; iii. 1; Wild Goose -Chase, ii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Flirt, vb. 4 a).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>flush,</span></span> a term at primero; when a player held four cards of the same -colour. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). See <span class='bold'><a href='#five-and-fifty'>five-and-fifty</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fluxure,</span></span> fluidity; also, moisture; ‘Moisture and fluxure’, B. Jonson, -Induct. to Ev. Man out of Humour (Asper); Mirror for Mag., Cromwell -(by Drayton), st. 117. Late L. <span class='it'>fluxura</span> (Tertullian).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fly,</span></span> a domestic parasite, a familiar. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 -(Theoph.). Also, a familiar spirit; ‘I have my flies abroad’, B. Jonson, -Alchem. iii. 2 (Face). See NED. (s.v. Fly, sb.<sup>1</sup> 5, a, b.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fly-boat;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#flibote'>flibote</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fob;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#fub2'>fub</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fobus,</span></span> a cheat; for <span class='it'>fob-us</span>, i.e. cheat us; from <span class='it'>fob</span>, to cheat. ‘You old -fobus’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Jerry).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fode,</span></span> a creature, person, man. Squire of Low Degree, l. 364; in -Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, ii. 37; The World and the Child, l. 4; -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. Also, a companion, id. 247. ME. <span class='it'>fode</span>, -a person, creature (Prov. Hendyng, 63); see Dict. M. and S.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fode, foad,</span></span> to beguile with show of kindness or fair words, to soothe -in fancied security. Golding translates ‘Favet huic Aurora timori’, in -Ovid, Met. vii. 721, by ‘The morning foading this my feare’, ed. 1587, -99<sup>b</sup>. Skelton has <span class='it'>fode</span>, Magnyfycence, 1719. ME. <span class='it'>foden</span>, to beguile (Will. -Palerne, 1646).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fog,</span></span> rank, coarse grass. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 399; ‘Fogg in some places -signifies long grass remaining in pasture till winter’, Worlidge, Dict. -Rust.; ‘Fogge, <span class='it'>postfaenium</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. Hence <span class='it'>foggy</span>, abounding -in coarse grass, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 115; moist, Golding, Metam. xv. 203. -‘Fog’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for the aftermath; the -long grass left standing in the fields during winter (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>fogge</span> -(Cleanness, 1683, in Allit. Poems, 85). Norm. dial. <span class='it'>fogge</span>, long grass (Ross).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fog,</span></span> to traffic in a servile way, hunt after, cheat. <span class='it'>Fogging</span> rascal, -Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto). A back-formation from <span class='it'>fogger</span>; -cp. ‘pettyfogger’; see Dict. (s.v. Petty).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foggy,</span></span> flabby, puffy, corpulent; ‘Fat and foggy’, Contention betw. -Liberality and Prodigality, v. 4 (Lib.); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 377; -‘<span class='it'>Un enbonpoint de nourrice</span>, a plump, fat, or foggy constitution of body’, -Cotgrave; ‘Foggy, to [too] ful of waste flesshe’, Palsgrave. Also <span class='it'>fog</span>, -bloated, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 672. ‘Foggy’ is in prov. use in -the north country for fat, corpulent.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fogue,</span></span> fury. Dryden, Astraea Redux, 203. Ital. <span class='it'>foga</span>, fury, violent -force (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foil, foyle,</span></span> to tread under foot, trample down; ‘That Idoll . . . he -did foyle In filthy durt’, Spenser. F. Q. v. 11. 33; the tread or track of -a hunted animal, ‘What? hunt a wife on the dull foil!’, Otway, Venice -Preserved, iii. 2 (Pierre); <span class='it'>foyling</span>, ‘<span class='it'>Foulée</span>, the slot of a stag, the fuse of -a buck (the view or footing of either) upon hard ground, grass, leaves, or -dust; we call it (most properly) his foyling’, Cotgrave. See NED. (s.v. -Foil, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foil, foyle,</span></span> repulse, defeat, disgrace. Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. 18; -1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 23. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foin,</span></span> a thrust, in fencing. King Lear, iv. 6. 251; ‘Keep at the foin’ -(i.e. do not close in fight), Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 389.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='foist1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foist,</span></span> a light galley; ‘The Lord Mayor’s foist,’ B. Jonson, Epig. cxxxiii; -Voyage, 100; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. F. <span class='it'>fuste</span>, ‘a foist, a light -galley’ (Cotgr.). Ital. <span class='it'>fusta</span>, ‘a foist, a fly-boat, a light galley’ (Florio); -O. Prov. <span class='it'>fusta</span>, ‘poutre, bois, vaisseau, navire’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>fusta</span>, a -galley, orig. a piece of timber (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#galley-foist'>galley-foist</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foist</span></span> (a term in dice-play), to ‘palm’ or conceal in the fist, to manage -the dice so as to fall as required, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54); -to cheat, play tricks, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); a cheat, -a pickpocket, B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob); Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1; a trick, B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Vol.); <span class='it'>foister</span>, a cheat, -a sharper, Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 32. Du. <span class='it'>vuisten</span>, to keep in the fist; -<span class='it'>vuist</span>, the fist. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>folk-mote,</span></span> an assembly of the people. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 6. OE. -<span class='it'>folc-mōt</span>; <span class='it'>folc</span>, folk, people, and <span class='it'>mōt</span>, a moot or meeting.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>folt,</span></span> a foolish person. Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 304; -<span class='it'>foult</span>, Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1. ME. <span class='it'>folett</span>, ‘stolidus’ (Prompt.). -OF. <span class='it'>folet</span>, ‘a pretty fool, a little fop, a young coxe, none of the wisest’ -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>folter.</span></span> Of the limbs: to give way; ‘His [the horse’s] legges hath -foltred’, Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. 1, ch. 17; of one’s speech: -to stumble, to stammer, Golding, Metam. iii. 277. See NED. (s.v. -Falter, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fon,</span></span> a fool. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 59. ME. <span class='it'>fon</span> (Wars Alex. -2944); <span class='it'>fonne</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4089).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fond,</span></span> to play the fool, become foolish; to dote; ‘I fonde, or dote -upon’, Palsgrave. Hence <span class='it'>fonded</span>, befooled, full of folly, Surrey, tr. of -Aeneid, iv, l. 489 (L. <span class='it'>demens</span>, l. 374); ‘A fonded louer’ (an infatuated -lover), Turbervile, The Lover, seing himselfe abusde, renounceth love, l. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fond,</span></span> to found. Misspelt, for the sake of a quibble upon <span class='it'>fond</span>, foolish; -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 3 (Hammon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fone,</span></span> foes. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 10; Visions of Bellay, v. 10. OE. -<span class='it'>ge-fān</span>, foes; pl. of <span class='it'>ge-fā</span>, a foe.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foody,</span></span> abounding in food, supplying food. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. -104; ‘Their foody fall,’ their settlement in a food-supplying place, id., xv. -638. ‘Foody’ is in prov. use in the north of England for rich, fertile, full of -grass (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='footcloth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>footcloth,</span></span> a large richly-ornamented cloth laid over the back of a horse -and hanging down to the ground on each side; considered as a mark of -dignity and state (NED.). 2 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 51; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, -ii. 1 (Marine); Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 2 (Thierry); ‘My foot-cloth -horse’, Richard III, iii. 4. 80; hence <span class='it'>foot-cloth</span>, a horse provided with -this adornment, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foot-pace,</span></span> a raised platform for supporting a chair of state. Bacon, -Essay 56, § 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 466. F. <span class='it'>pas</span>, a step.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foot-saunt,</span></span> a game at cards; also called <span class='it'>cent-foot</span>, and apparently the -same as <span class='it'>cent</span>. Only in Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cent'>cent</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fopdoodle,</span></span> a simpleton. Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, ii. 1 (Calaminta); -Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 998.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='for-'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>for-,</span></span> intensive prefix, as distinct from <span class='it'>fore-</span>, beforehand. OE. <span class='it'>for-</span>. Examples -are given below: as <span class='it'>for-do</span>, <span class='it'>-hale</span>, <span class='it'>-slack</span>, <span class='it'>-slow</span>, <span class='it'>-speak</span>, <span class='it'>-spent</span>, <span class='it'>-swatt</span>, -<span class='it'>-swonck</span>, <span class='it'>-weary</span>, <span class='it'>-wounded</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>for,</span></span> against, in order to prevent; chiefly with a sb. of verbal origin. -Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 2; Two Gent. of Verona, i. 2. 136; <span class='it'>for going</span>, -i.e. to prevent going, to save from going, Pericles, i. 1. 40. (Common; -and, if the meaning be not caught, the sense of the sentence is altered.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forby, foreby,</span></span> hard by, near. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; v. 2. 54; by, id., -v. 11. 17. ME. <span class='it'>forby</span> (Barbour’s Bruce, x. 345).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>force.</span></span> <span class='it'>Of force</span>, of necessity, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 5. 2; <span class='it'>on force</span>, Heywood -and Rowley, Fortune by Land, &c., ii. 1 (John); Works, vi. 381; <span class='it'>force -perforce</span>, by violent constraint, King John, iii. 1. 142; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 116; -<span class='it'>to hunt at force</span>, to run the game down with dogs instead of slaying with -weapons, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>force.</span></span> <span class='it'>It is force</span>, it is of consequence or importance; usually negative, -<span class='it'>it is no force</span>, it does not matter, <span class='it'>no force</span>, no matter, <span class='it'>what force</span>? what matter?; -‘No force for that, for it is ordered so’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (Works, -ed. Bell, 217). ME. <span class='it'>no force</span>, <span class='it'>no fors</span>, no matter, no consequence; <span class='it'>what fors</span>, -what matter (Chaucer). Cp. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>force ne fe</span>t, it makes no force, it -matters not (Bozon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>force,</span></span> to trouble oneself, care; ‘I force it not’, I reck not of it, I care -not for it, Mucedorus, Induction, 68; <span class='it'>it forceth not</span>, it matters not, it is not -material, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 52). See NED. (s.v. Force, -vb.<sup>1</sup> 14 b).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fordo,</span></span> to destroy, overcome. Hamlet, ii. 1. 103. OE. <span class='it'>fordōn</span>, to -destroy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fore-,</span></span> prefix; often miswritten for the prefix <span class='it'>for-</span>, as in <span class='it'>forespent</span> for <span class='it'>forspent</span>. -See under <span class='bold'><a href='#for-'>for-</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forehand:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>forehand</span> (<span class='it'>shaft</span>), an arrow used for shooting straight -before one. Ascham, Toxoph. p. 126; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52; former, previous, -Much Ado, iv. 1. 51; foremost, leading, Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 618; in the -front, the mainstay, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 143.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forelay,</span></span> to lie in wait for. Dryden, Palamon, i. 493; also, to hinder, -Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid xi, 781.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forepoynted,</span></span> appointed beforehand. Gascoigne, Hermit’s Tale, § 2; -ed. Hazlitt, ii. 141.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fore-right,</span></span> right on, straight ahead. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of -Malta, ii. 3. 8; said of a favourable wind, Massinger, Renegado, v. 8 (Aga). -In prov. use in Devon and Cornwall in the sense of straight forward -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foreset.</span></span> <span class='it'>Of foreset</span>, of set purpose, purposely. Ferrex and Porrex, ii. 2, -chorus, 13. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forespeak,</span></span> to predict; especially, to foretell evil about one. Chapman, -tr. of Iliad, xvi. 792; xvii. 32; Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Mother Sawyer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forfaint,</span></span> very faint, extremely languid. Sackville, Induction, § 15; -Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 73.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='forfare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forfare,</span></span> to perish, decay; ‘Thonge Castell . . . is now forfaryn’, -Fabyan, Chron., Pt. V, c. 83 (side-note); ed. Ellis, 61. ME. <span class='it'>forfaren</span> (Gen. -and Ex. 3018).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forgetive,</span></span> inventive. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 107. A word of uncertain -formation, commonly taken to be a deriv. of the vb. ‘to forge’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forgrown,</span></span> grown out of use. Gascoigne, Prol., to Hermit’s Tale, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 139.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forhaile,</span></span> to distract. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 243. See NED. (s.v. -For-, prefix<sup>1</sup> 5 b).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>for-hent,</span></span> seized beforehand. Better <span class='it'>fore-hent</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 49. -From <span class='it'>fore</span>, before, and <span class='it'>hent</span>, caught, from OE. <span class='it'>hentan</span>, to seize.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forhewed,</span></span> much hacked, severely cut. Sackville, Induction, st. 57.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forjust,</span></span> to tire out in ‘justing’, beat in a tilting-match. Morte -Arthur, leaf 162. 35; bk. viii, c. 33.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forkhead,</span></span> the head of an arrow, with two barbs pointing forward, -instead of backward, as in the <span class='it'>swallow-tail</span>. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 135.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forks,</span></span> a forked stake used as a (Roman) whipping-post. Fletcher, -Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); ii. 4 (Decius). L. <span class='it'>furcae</span>, pl., forks; hence, a -yoke under which defeated enemies passed; also, a whipping-post.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forlore,</span></span> utterly wasted. Sackville, Induction, st. 48; <span class='it'>forlorne</span>, made -bare, id. st. 8. OE. <span class='it'>forloren</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>forlēosan</span>, to lose, also, to destroy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>formerly,</span></span> first of all, beforehand. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 38; vi. 3. 38. -Also, just now, even now; id., ii. 12. 67; Merch. Venice, iv. 1. 362.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forpine,</span></span> to waste away. Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, 15; <span class='it'>forpined</span>, -wasted, Hall, Sat. v. 2. 91.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forsane,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> ‘forsaken’, avoided, Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 720; xi. 412. -I can find no third example of the form <span class='it'>forsaken</span> being thus contracted. -(Not in NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forslack, foreslack,</span></span> to delay, to spoil by delay. Spenser, F. Q. vi. -12. 12; vii. 7. 45.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='forslow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forslow,</span></span> to delay. Marlowe, Edw. II, ii 4. 39. Ill spelt <span class='it'>foreslow</span>, 3 Hen. -VI, ii. 3. 56; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 5 (Macilense).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forsonke,</span></span> deeply sunk. Sackville, Induction, st. 20.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forspeak,</span></span> to speak against. Ant. and Cl. iii. 7. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forspeak,</span></span> to bewitch. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 1 (Asotus); -Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 12; ‘They [the witches] saie they -have . . . forespoken hir neighbour’, R. Scot, Discov. Witchcraft, iii. 2. 45 -(NED.); ‘<span class='it'>Fasciner</span>, to charm, bewitch, forspeak; <span class='it'>fasciné</span>, forspoken’, Cotgrave. -In prov. use in Scotland for ‘to bewitch’, ‘to cause ill-luck by -immoderate praise’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>forspekyn</span>, or charmyn, ‘fascino’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forspent,</span></span> exhausted. 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 37; misspelt <span class='it'>forespent</span>, Sackville, -Induction, st. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forswatt,</span></span> covered with ‘sweat’. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forswonck,</span></span> spent with toil. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99. See <span class='bold'><a href='#swink'>swink</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forth dayes,</span></span> late in the day. Morte Arthur, leaf 402, back, 19; bk. -xx, c. 5. ME. ‘Whanne it was forth daies hise disciplis camen’, Wyclif, -Mark vi. 35.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forthink,</span></span> to regret, to be sorry for. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 32; ‘I forthynke, -I repent me, <span class='it'>Je me repens</span>’, Palsgrave. A north-country word -(EDD.), ME. <span class='it'>forthynke</span>, ‘penitere’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. for <span class='it'>forþencan</span>, to despise.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forthright,</span></span> straight forward. Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 1076; id., Palamon, -ii. 237; used as sb., a straight course, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 158. In use in -Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Forth). ME. <span class='it'>forth right</span> (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 295).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forthy,</span></span> therefore, on that account. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 14; Shep. Kal., -March, 37. ME. <span class='it'>for-thy</span>, therefore (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1841); OE. <span class='it'>for-ðȳ</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwaste,</span></span> wasted utterly. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. (Better <span class='it'>forwast</span>, -where <span class='it'>wast</span> is contracted from <span class='it'>wasted</span>.) <span class='it'>Forwasted</span>, laid waste, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 11. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwearied,</span></span> extremely wearied. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 13; Davies, -Orchestra, 58 (Arber’s Garland, v. 37).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwhy,</span></span> because. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 412, col. 1; Richard II, -v. 1. 46. ME. <span class='it'>for-why</span> (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 461); see Dict. M. and S., and -Wright’s Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwithered,</span></span> utterly withered. Sackville, Induction, st. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forworn,</span></span> worn out, exhausted. Gascoigne, Jocasta, iv. 1 (Antigone).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>forwounded,</span></span> badly wounded. Morte Arthur, leaf 175, back, 26; -bk. ix, c. 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foster,</span></span> a ‘forester’. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 17; iii. 4. 50. Hence the -surname ‘Foster’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fougade,</span></span> a small powder-mine; applied to the gunpowder plot of Guy -Fawkes; ‘The fougade or powder plot’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, -§ 17. F. <span class='it'>fougade</span>, a mine (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foulder,</span></span> a thunder-bolt. Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 47; hence as -vb., to drive out, as with a thunder-bolt, id., Mortimer, st. 4. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>fouldre</span> (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fouldring,</span></span> thunderous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 20.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='foumerd'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foumerd,</span></span> a ‘foumart’, polecat. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 52. For -numerous forms of this very general prov. name for the polecat see EDD. -(s.v. Foumart). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fulmart'>fulmart</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fourraye,</span></span> to fall upon, attack, raid; lit. to foray, plunder, act as -forayers. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 203. 8; <span class='it'>foureyed and threstid</span>, charged -and thrust, id., leaf 299. 29. See NED. (s.v. Foray).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foutra, footra,</span></span> an expression of contempt; <span class='it'>a foutra for</span>, a fig for. -2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 103; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). For the -origin, see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fowe, fow,</span></span> to clean out, cleanse; ‘I fowe a gonge’, Palsgrave. In prov. -use in some parts of England for the more usual ‘fey’ or ‘fie’, see EDD. -(s.v. Fay, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>fowyn</span>, or make clean, ‘mundo, emundo’ (Prompt. -EETS. 184, see note no. 833); Icel. <span class='it'>fāga</span>, to clean.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fowl,</span></span> a bird; pronounced like <span class='it'>fool</span>, and quibbled upon. 3 Hen. VI, v. -6. 18-20.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fox,</span></span> a kind of sword. Hen. V, iv. 4. 9; ‘A right [genuine] fox’, Two -Angry Women, ii. 4 (Coomes). The wolf on some makes of sword-blade -is supposed to have been mistaken for a fox.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foxed,</span></span> drunk. (Cant.) Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 3 (Clown); -<span class='it'>fox</span>, to make drunk, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 (near the end); Pepys, -Diary, Oct. 26, 1660.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fox-in-the-hole,</span></span> a game in which boys hopped on one leg, and beat -each other with pieces of leather (Boas). Kyd, Soliman and Persida, i. 3 -(end); Herrick, The Country Life, 57.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>foy,</span></span> fidelity, homage. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 41. F. <span class='it'>foi</span>, faith.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> fraught, loaded. Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce, p. 601, col. 1; -Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 35.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='frail'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frail,</span></span> a basket made of rushes. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 2 (Peregrine); -‘A frail of figges’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, iv. 2 (Silena); ‘<span class='it'>Cabas</span>, a frail for -raisins or figs’, Cotgrave; so Palsgrave. In common prov. use in various -parts of England—the Midlands, E. Anglia, and south-west counties—for -a soft flexible basket used by workmen and tradesmen (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>ffrayl</span> -of <span class='it'>ffrute</span>, ‘carica’ (Prompt.), <span class='it'>fraiel</span> (Wyclif, Jer. xxiv. 2); OF. <span class='it'>frayel</span>, ‘cabas -à figues’ (La Curne). See Thomas, Phil. Fr. 366.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraischeur,</span></span> freshness, coolness. Dryden, Poem on the Coronation, 102. -F. <span class='it'>fraischeur</span> (mod. <span class='it'>fraîcheur</span>), coolness (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>franion,</span></span> an idle, loose, licentious person. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; v. 3. -22; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); Works, i. 44. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frank,</span></span> a sty, a place to feed pigs in. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 160; ‘<span class='it'>Franc</span>, a -franke, or stie, to feed or fatten hogs in’, Cotgrave; as vb., to fatten, confine -in a sty, Richard III, i. 3. 314; Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 14. -ME. <span class='it'>frank</span>, a place for fattening animals, ‘saginarium’ (Prompt.), see Way’s -note; OF. <span class='it'>franc</span> (Didot), see Ducange (s.v. Francum).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frapler,</span></span> a blusterer, quarrelsome person. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -iv. 1 (Amorphus); see NED. (s.v. Fraple). Cp. <span class='it'>frap</span>, to quarrel, <span class='it'>frappish</span>, -quarrelsome, in EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frappet,</span></span> an endearing term addressed to a girl; ‘My little frappet’, -Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v. 1 (Ilford).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraught,</span></span> freight, cargo. Edw. III, v. 1. 79; Tempest, v. 1. 61; <span class='it'>fig.</span> of -news brought by a new-comer. Milton, Samson, 1075; as vb., to lade, load, -form a cargo, Tempest, 1. 2. 13. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraunch,</span></span> to devour; ‘Fraunching the fysh . . . with teath of brasse’, -Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 69; <span class='it'>fraunshe</span>, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, -358); see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraunchise,</span></span> freedom. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 15, § last; -Fabyan, Chron. an. 1247-8, ed. Ellis, p. 336. ME. <span class='it'>franchyse</span>, privilege -(Chaucer), <span class='it'>fraunchyse</span>, ‘libertas’ (Prompt.); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>fraunchise</span>, freedom, -privileged liberty (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraying,</span></span> the coating rubbed off the horns of a deer, when she rubs it -against a tree. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fraying-stock,</span></span> a tree-stem against which a hart frays (or rubs) his -horns. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 27, p. 69.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fream,</span></span> to roar, rage. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, ii. 234; iv. 169. L. -<span class='it'>fremere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>freat,</span></span> a weak place or blemish in a bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 114, -120; as vb., to injure, damage, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 4; in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 27. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>frete</span> (<span class='it'>fraite</span>), a breach, injury, -see La Curne (s.v. Fraicte), and Didot (s.v. Fraite).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>freke,</span></span> a warrior, fighting-man. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; Grimald, -Epitaph on Sir J. Wilford, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 112. ME. <span class='it'>freke</span>, a warrior, -a man (Dict. M. and S.), OE. <span class='it'>freca</span> (Beowulf).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fremman,</span></span> a stranger. Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 210. -For <span class='it'>fremd man</span>; ‘Fremd’ is in common prov. use for strange, foreign, in -Scotland and the north of England down to Northampton (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>fremede</span>, foreign (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>fremede</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frenne,</span></span> a stranger, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 28. ‘Fren’ is given as -a Caithness word in EDD. ME. <span class='it'>frend</span>, foreign (Plowman’s Tale, 626). -See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frequent,</span></span> crowded, well-attended. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 3. 1; Dryden, -Hind and Panther, iii. 25; <span class='it'>f. to</span>, addicted to, Wint. Tale, iv. 2. 36; -<span class='it'>frequent with</span>, familiar with, Shak. Sonnet 117. L. <span class='it'>frequens</span>, crowded (Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>freshet,</span></span> a stream or brook of fresh water. Hakluyt, Voy. i. 113, l. 4 -from bottom; Milton, P. R. ii. 345.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fret'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fret,</span></span> to wear away; to chafe, rub; ‘Frets like a gummed velvet’, -2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 2. (Velvet, when stiffened with gum, quickly rubbed and -fretted itself out.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>friar’s lantern,</span></span> <span class='it'>Ignis fatuus</span>, will-of-the-wisp. Milton, L’Allegro, -104. [Scott in Marmion, iv. i, following Milton, has taken the ‘friar’ to -be Friar Rush, who had nothing to do with the <span class='it'>Ignis fatuus</span>, but was the -hero of a popular story—a demon disguised as a friar.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frim,</span></span> vigorous; ‘My frim and lusty flank’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 397; -abundant in sap, juicy, id., Owle, 5; Worlidge, Syst. Agric, 224. In gen. -prov. use in England in the sense of vigorous, healthy, thriving, in good -condition, luxuriant in growth; also, juicy, succulent (EDD.). OE. -*<span class='it'>frym</span>, cogn. w. <span class='it'>freme</span>, good, strenuous (BT.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frisle,</span></span> to ‘frizzle’, to curl the hair in small crisp curls. Gascoigne, -Steel Glas, 1145; Twyne, tr. Aeneid, xii. 100. See EDD. (s.v. Frizzle, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frith,</span></span> wooded country, wood; often used vaguely; ‘In fryth or fell’, -Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ix. -85 (L. <span class='it'>silva</span>). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>frith</span>, ‘frith and fell’ (Cursor M. 7697). OE. <span class='it'>fyrhð</span>, a wood (Earle, Charters, -158).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fro, froe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#frow'>frow</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fro,</span></span> to go frowardly or amiss, to be unsuccessful. Mirror for Mag., -Yorke, st. 23.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frolic,</span></span> <span class='it'>s.</span>, (prob.) a set of humorous verses sent round at a feast. -B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3 (Meer.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>froligozene,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, rejoice!, be happy! Two Angry Women, ii. 2 -(end); Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 173. -Du. <span class='it'>vrolijk zijn</span>, to be cheerful.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fronted,</span></span> confronted. Bacon, Essay 15, § 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frontisterion;</span></span> in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 310. See <span class='bold'><a href='#phrontisterion'>phrontisterion</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frontless,</span></span> shameless. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 159; Odyssey, i. 425; -Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1040. 1187.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frore,</span></span> intensely cold, frosty; ‘The parching Air Burns frore’, Milton, -P. L. ii. 595. Now only in poetical diction after Milton’s use. OE. <span class='it'>froren</span> -pp. of <span class='it'>frēosan</span>, to freeze. ‘Frore’ is still in prov. use in various parts of -England for ‘frozen’, see EDD. (s.v. Freeze, 3 (11)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frorn,</span></span> frozen. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 243. In use in E. Anglia. -See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frory,</span></span> frosty. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 35. A Suffolk word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frosling,</span></span> a ‘frostling’, a gosling nipped or injured by frost. Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 460. ‘Froslin(g’ is a Suffolk word for anything—plant or -animal—injured by the frost (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frote, froat,</span></span> to rub, chafe; to rub a garment with perfumes. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. -3 (1 Creditor). In prov. use in the north country and Shropshire (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>frote</span>, to rub (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1115, OF. <span class='it'>froter</span> (F. <span class='it'>frotter</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frounce,</span></span> to frizz or curl the hair; ‘An ouerstaring frounced hed’, -Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); Milton, Il Penseroso, 123. -F. <span class='it'>froncer</span>, to wrinkle the brow, to frown. See Dict. (s.v. Flounce, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='frow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frow, frowe, fro,</span></span> a Dutchwoman; a woman. London Prodigall, v. -1. 164; Bacchus’ <span class='it'>froes</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, v. 1 -(Wittypate). Du. <span class='it'>vrouw</span>; cp. G. <span class='it'>Frau</span>. See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frowy,</span></span> musty, sour, stale; ‘They like not of the frowie fede’, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., July, 111. In use in E. Anglia and America, see EDD. (s.v. -Frowy), and NED. (s.v. Froughy). Probably a deriv. of OE. <span class='it'>þrōh</span>, rancid -(Napier’s OE. Glosses, vii. 193 and 210).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>froy,</span></span> brave, handsome, gallant; ‘And then my froy Hans Buz, -A Dutchman’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Thomas). Du. <span class='it'>fraai</span>, -‘brave, handsome, gallant, neat’ (Sewel). Cp. F. <span class='it'>frais</span>, ‘fresh, young, -lusty’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frubber,</span></span> a furbisher, burnisher, or polisher. Said to a maid-servant, -Chapman, Widow’s Tears, v. 3 (Tharsalio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frubbish,</span></span> to polish by rubbing; ‘To frubbish, <span class='it'>fricando polire</span>’, Levins, -Manip.; hence, <span class='it'>frubisher</span>, a polisher, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1076. F. -<span class='it'>fourbir</span>, ‘to furbish, polish’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frump,</span></span> to mock or snub. Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 (Franio); -‘<span class='it'>Sorner</span>, to jest, boord, frump, gull’, Cotgrave; ‘Hee frumpeth those his -mistresse frownes on’, Man in the Moone (Nares); a scoffer, Gascoigne -(ed. Hazlitt, i. 24); a taunt, a biting sarcasm, Harington, Epigrams -(Nares); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 3. ‘To frump’ is in -prov. use in many parts of England, meaning to flout, jeer; to scold, -speak sharply or rudely to, see EDD. (s.v. Frump, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='frush1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frush,</span></span> to bruise, batter. Tr. and Cr. v. 6. 29; <span class='it'>frusshid</span>, dashed in -pieces, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 28. OF. <span class='it'>fruissier</span>, <span class='it'>froissier</span>, to break -to pieces.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>frush,</span></span> fragments, remnants. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 39. A -Scottish word, see EDD. (s.v. Frush, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fub,</span></span> a cheat, a fool. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Malevole).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fub2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fub</span></span> (<span class='it'>gen.</span> with <span class='it'>off</span>), to put off deceitfully. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 37; <span class='it'>to fob -off</span>, Coriolanus, i. 1. 97. Cp. Low G. <span class='it'>foppen</span>, ‘Einen zum Narren haben’ -(Berghaus). See EDD. (s.v. Fob, vb.<sup>4</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fubbed,</span></span> fobbed, cheated. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fucate,</span></span> artificially painted over, disguised. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. iii, c. 4, § last but one. L. <span class='it'>fucatus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>fucare</span>, to paint the face; -from <span class='it'>fucus</span>; see below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fucus,</span></span> paint for the complexion, a cosmetic. B. Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 1 -(Eudemus); Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo). L. <span class='it'>fucus</span>, -red dye. Gk. φῦκος, <span class='it'>rouge</span>, prepared from seaweed so called.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fuge,</span></span> to flee, flee away; ‘I to fuge and away’, Gascoigne, Works, i. -231. (The construction seems to be—<span class='it'>I</span> (<span class='it'>gan</span>) <span class='it'>to fuge.</span>) L. <span class='it'>fugere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fulker,</span></span> a pawn-broker. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). Cp. -Du. <span class='it'>focker</span>, ‘an engrosser of wares’ (Hexham). See Fog (to traffic).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fullam,</span></span> a loaded dice. Merry Wives, i. 3. 94. Spelt <span class='it'>fulham</span>. Butler, -Hudibras, ii. 1. 642.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='fulmart'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fulmart,</span></span> a ‘foumart’, pole-cat. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 4 (Lady -Tub); also <span class='it'>fullymart</span>, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 31. ME. <span class='it'>fulmard</span>, -<span class='it'>fulmerde</span>, a polecat, OE. <span class='it'>fūl</span>, foul, and <span class='it'>mearð</span>, marten, see Dict. M. and S. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#foumerd'>foumerd</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fum,</span></span> to play or thrum (on a guitar) with the fingers. Westward Ho, -v. 2; Dryden, Assignation, ii. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumado, fumatho,</span></span> a smoked pilchard; ‘Cornish pilchards, otherwise -called <span class='it'>Fumados</span>’, Nash, Lenten Stuff (1871), p. 61 (NED.); <span class='it'>fumatho</span>, -Marston, The Fawn, iv. 1 (Page); ‘Their pilchards . . . by the name of -Fumadoes, with oyle and a lemon, are meat for the mightiest Don in -Spain’, Fuller, Worthies, Cornwall, 1. 194. Span. <span class='it'>fumado</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>fumar</span>, -to smoke; L. <span class='it'>fumus</span>, smoke. See EDD. (s.v. Fair-maid).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumbling,</span></span> rambling in speech, hesitating. North, tr. of Plutarch, -J. Caesar, § 43 (in Shak. Plut., p. 98, n. 2); ‘Thy fumbling throat’, -Marston, Antonio’s Revenge, i. 1 (Piero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumer,</span></span> a perfumer. Beaumont and Fl., Triumph of Time, sc. 1 (Desire).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumish,</span></span> angry, fractious. See EDD. and Nares. <span class='it'>Fumishly</span>, with indignation, -‘Toke highly or fumishly’; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fumishing,</span></span> variant of <span class='it'>fewmishing</span>, the dung of a hart or deer. Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 23; p. 65. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fewmets'>fewmets</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>funambulous,</span></span> narrow, as if one were walking on a tight-rope; ‘This -funambulous path’, Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 31.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furacane, furicane,</span></span> a hurricane; ‘These tempestes of the ayer . . . -they caule Furacanes’, R. Eden, First three E. Books on America (ed. -Arber, p. 81). <span class='it'>Furicanes</span>, Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, vol. iii, p. 405. -O. Span. <span class='it'>furacan</span> (Sp. <span class='it'>huracan</span>), Pg. <span class='it'>furacão</span>, from the Carib word given by -Peter Martyr as <span class='it'>furacan</span>. See NED. (s.v. Hurricane).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furbery,</span></span> a trick, imposture. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. viii, p. 43. -F. <span class='it'>fourberie</span>, a trick.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fur-fare,</span></span> to cause to perish, destroy. Morte Arthur, leaf 95, back, 30; -bk. vi, c. 6. See <span class='bold'><a href='#forfare'>forfare</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furniment,</span></span> furniture, array. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 38. F. <span class='it'>fourniment</span>, -provision, furniture; <span class='it'>fournir</span>, to furnish (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furniture,</span></span> equipment. Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 182; trappings, All’s -Well, ii. 3. 65.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>furny;</span></span> ‘I have a furny card in a place’, Lusty Juventus, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 78. Meaning doubtful; perhaps = F. <span class='it'>fourni</span>, provided.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fustick,</span></span> the name of a kind of wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; -Dyer, The Fleece, bk. iii. 189. The name was given to <span class='it'>two</span> kinds of wood: -(<span class='it'>a</span>) that of the Venetian sumach (<span class='it'>Rhus Cotinus</span>); (<span class='it'>b</span>) of the <span class='it'>Cladrastis tinctoria</span> -of the W. Indies. F. and Span. <span class='it'>fustoc</span>, Arab. <span class='it'>fustuq</span>; from Gk. πιστάκη, -pistachio.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>futile,</span></span> unable to hold one’s tongue, loquacious. Bacon, Essay 20, § 4. -L. <span class='it'>futilis</span>, that easily pours out, ‘leaky’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>fyaunts;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#fiants'>fiants</a>.</span></p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='G'>G</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gabel,</span></span> tribute, tax. Massinger, Emp. of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria). -OF. <span class='it'>gabelle</span>, Late L. <span class='it'>gabella</span>; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>gabulum</span>, tribute (Ducange). A word -of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, pp. 74, 75, and Modern Language -Review, July, 1912 (note by A. L. Mayhew on ‘Gavelkind’).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gable,</span></span> a ‘cable’, rope. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 333; ix. 211; x. -165; xii. 47, 577. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaffle,</span></span> a steel lever for bonding the cross-bow. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, -Nymphal vi, 67; Complete Gunner, iii. 15. 12 (NED.). Du. <span class='it'>gaffel</span>, -a fork.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gage,</span></span> a quart-pot. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘<span class='it'>A gage of bowse</span>, whiche is a quart-pot -of drinke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 34. For <span class='it'>gauge</span>, i.e. a measure.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gag-tooth,</span></span> a projecting or prominent tooth. Return from Parnassus, -l. 2 (Ingenieso); hence, <span class='it'>gag-toothed</span>, Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio); -<span class='it'>gagge-toothed</span>, Lyly, Euphues, p. 116.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gain,</span></span> near, straight, direct; said of a way; ‘They told me it was a -<span class='it'>gayner</span> way, and a fayrer way’, Latimer, 3 Sermon before King, ed. Arber, -p. 101 (top). In gen. prov. use in Scotland, and in England in the north -country, Midlands, and E. Anglia, EDD. (s.v. Gain, adj. 1). ME. <span class='it'>geyn</span>, -ryȝht forth, ‘directus’ (Prompt.); Icel. <span class='it'>gegn</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaingiving,</span></span> a misgiving. Hamlet, v. 2. 226. The prefix <span class='it'>gain-</span> has the -sense of opposition. OE. <span class='it'>gegn</span>, see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gain-legged</span></span> (?); ‘I’ll short that gain-legg’d Longshank by the top’, -Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce, i. 103). Possibly, nimble, active-legged. Cp. -EDD. (sv. Gain, adj. 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galage,</span></span> a wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole; ‘A Galage, a shoe: -<span class='it'>solea</span>, <span class='it'>sandalium</span>’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Galage, a startuppe or clownish shoe’, -Glosse to Spenser’s Shep. Kal., Feb., 244; ‘Shoe called a gallage or patten -whyche hath nothynge but lachettes’, Hulcet. ME. <span class='it'>galegge</span> or <span class='it'>galoch</span>, -‘crepita’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 837); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>galoche</span>. See Dict. -(s.v. Galoche).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gald,</span></span> to gall; pt. t. <span class='it'>galded</span>, Gascoigne, Works, i. 422; pp. <span class='it'>galded</span>, Eden, -First three Books on America, p. 386. A false form; from the pp.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='galley-foist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galley-foist,</span></span> a state barge, esp. of the Lord Mayor of London. Beaumont -and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (end); B. Jonson, Silent Woman, -iv. 2. See <span class='bold'><a href='#foist1'>foist</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='galliard'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galliard,</span></span> lively, brisk, gay. Shadwell, Humorist, ii (Works, ed. 1720, -i. 172); <span class='it'>galyarde</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 3, § 1. ME. <span class='it'>gaillard</span> -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4367); F. <span class='it'>gaillard</span>, gay.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>galliard,</span> a quick and lively dance in triple time. Twelfth Nt. i. 3. -137; Bacon, Essay 32.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galliardise,</span></span> gaiety. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. II, § 11. F. <span class='it'>gaillardise</span> -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gallimaufry,</span></span> a medley. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 335; used as a term of -contempt, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre); spelt <span class='it'>gallymalfreye</span>, -Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 64. F. <span class='it'>galimafrée</span>, a dish made by hashing -up remnants of food; a hodge-podge; OF. <span class='it'>calimafree</span> (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>galyarde;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#galliard'>galliard</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gamashes,</span></span> leggings or gaiters to protect from mud and wet. Middleton, -Father Hubberd’s Tales (Dedication); Marston, What you will, ii. 1 -(Laverdure). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). Norm. F. -<span class='it'>gamaches</span>, ‘grandes guêtres en toile, montant jusqu’au dessus du genou’ -(Moisy); Prov. <span class='it'>garramacho</span> (<span class='it'>garamacho</span>), ‘houseau’ (Mistral); Languedoc -dial. <span class='it'>garamachos</span>, <span class='it'>galamachos</span>, <span class='it'>gamachos</span>, ‘guêtres de pêcheurs’ (Boucoiran).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gambawd,</span></span> a gambol, a frisk. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 65. <span class='it'>To fett -gambaudes</span>, to fetch gambols, to gambol, frisk about, Udall, tr. of Apophthegmes, -Aristippus, § 45. F. ‘<span class='it'>gambade</span>, a gambol, tumbling trick’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gambone,</span></span> a gammon of bacon; ‘a gambone of bakon’, Skelton, El. -Rummyng, 327. ME. <span class='it'>gambon</span>, a ham (Boke St. Albans, fol. f2, back); OF. -(Picard) <span class='it'>gambon</span> (F. <span class='it'>jambon</span>), leg; for related words see Moisy (s.v. Gambe).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gambrel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gambrel,</span></span> a stick placed by butchers between the shoulders of a newly -killed sheep, to keep the carcass open. Chapman. Mons. d’Olive, iii (near -the end). In gen. prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gambrill,</span></span> the hock of an animal. Holland, Pliny, i. 225. Cp. <span class='it'>gammerel</span>, -‘a hock’, a Devon and Somerset word, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gamning,</span></span> gaming. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 51. So also <span class='it'>gamnes</span>, games, -id., p. 52. From OE. <span class='it'>gamen</span>, a game.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gan,</span></span> the mouth. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 82; Brome, Jovial -Crew, ii (Mort’s song).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ganch, gaunch,</span></span> to let one fall on sharp stakes (orig. on a sharp -hook), there to remain till death. Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 2 (Mufti). -Hence <span class='it'>gaunshing</span>, this kind of punishment; Howell, Foreign Travell, -Appendix, p. 85. F. <span class='it'>gancher</span>: ‘<span class='it'>Ganché</span>, (a person) let fall (as in a strappado) -on sharp stakes pointed with iron, and thereon languishing until -he die’ (Cotgr.); Ital. ‘<span class='it'>ganciare</span>, to sharpen at the point’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gandermooner,</span></span> one who practised gallantry during the gander-moon, -or month when his wife was lying in. Middleton, Fair Quarrel, iv. -4 (Meg’s song). ‘Gander-moon’ is still used in Cheshire, meaning the -month of the wife’s confinement, see EDD. (s.v. Gander, (6)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ganza,</span></span> a goose. In The Man in the Moon, by Bp. Godwin, a man is -said to have been drawn to the moon by <span class='it'>Ganza’s</span>. The name was borrowed -from Holland’s Pliny, bk. x, c. 22 (vol. i. 281a), where Holland -has: ‘The Geese there . . . be called <span class='it'>Ganzæ</span>.’ But the L. text has <span class='it'>Gantæ</span>. -Hence the pl. <span class='it'>ganzas</span>, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 782.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gar,</span></span> to cause, to make; ‘I’ll gar take’, I will make you take, B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘<span class='it'>Ays gar</span>’ (for <span class='it'>I’s’gar</span>), I shall make, Greene, -James IV, Induction (Bohan). In gen. prov. use in Scotland and the -north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gar</span> (Cursor M. 4870); Icel. <span class='it'>ger</span>(<span class='it'>v</span>)<span class='it'>a</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garb,</span></span> a wheat-sheaf. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 370. Norm. F. <span class='it'>garbe</span> (F. <span class='it'>gerbe</span>), -see Moisy, p. 533.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garboil,</span></span> a tumult, disturbance, brawl. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 61; ii. 2. 67; -Shirley, Young Admiral, iii. 2. 1. F. <span class='it'>garbouil</span>, ‘a garboil, hurliburly’ -(Cotgr.). Ital. <span class='it'>garbuglio</span>, a garboile; <span class='it'>garbugliare</span>, to garboile, to turmoile -(Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gardage, guardage,</span></span> keeping, guardianship. Othello, i. 2. 70; -Fletcher, Thierry, v. 1 (Vitry).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garded, guarded,</span></span> trimmed, provided with an ornamental border or -trimming. Merch. of Venice, ii. 2. 164; Hen. VIII, Prol. 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garden-bull,</span></span> a bull baited at Paris Garden, on the Bankside, London. -Middleton, The Changeling, ii. 1 (De F.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gardes,</span></span> the dew-claws of a deer or boar; ‘Gardes [of a boar], which -are his hinder clawes or dewclawes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 52; p. 154; -<span class='it'>gards</span> [of a deer], id., c. 37; p. 100. F. <span class='it'>gardes</span>: ‘les gardes d’un sanglier, -the deaw-claws, or hinder claws of a wild Boar’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gardeviance,</span></span> orig. a safe or cupboard for viands, usually, a travelling -trunk or wallet; ‘Bagge or gardeviaunce to put meat in, <span class='it'>reticulum</span>’, -Huloet; ‘a gardeviance of usquebagh’, Sir B. Boyle, Diary (NED.); -a little casket, Udall, tr. Apoph., Alexander, § 52. F. <span class='it'>garde-r</span>, to keep, + -<span class='it'>viande</span>(<span class='it'>s</span>, viands.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garet,</span></span> a watch-tower. Morte Arthur, leaf 100, back, 6; bk. vi, c. 11. -ME. <span class='it'>garyt</span>, ‘specula’ (Prompt. EETS. 187). OF. <span class='it'>garite</span> (F. <span class='it'>guérite</span>); see -Cotgrave on both forms, and Estienne, Précellence, 358. See Dict. (s.v. -Garret).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gargarism,</span></span> a gargle; humorously, a physician. Webster, White -Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 16. Gk. γαργαρίζειν, to gargle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gargell-face,</span></span> a face like a ‘gargoyle’, or grotesquely carved spout; -‘Before that entry grim, with gargell-face’, Phaer, Aeneid vi, 556 -(without any Latin equivalent). See Dict. (s.v. Gargoyle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garing,</span></span> staring, horrid; ‘With fifty garing heads’, Phaer, tr. of -Virgil, bk. vi, l. 576 (Latin text). See <span class='bold'><a href='#gaure'>gaure</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garnysshe,</span></span> to supply (a castle) with defensive force and provisions. -Morte Arthur, leaf 18. 32, bk. i, c. 1; lf. 26. 8, bk. i, c. 11. F. ‘<span class='it'>garnir</span>, to -garnish, provide, supply’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>garran, garron,</span></span> a small Irish or Scotch horse. Spenser, View of -Ireland, Globe ed., p. 619, col. 2. Irish <span class='it'>gearran</span>, a horse, a gelding (Dinneen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaskins,</span></span> a kind of hose or breeches. Dekker, Gentle Craft (Wks., ed. -1873, i. 18); Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); ‘<span class='it'>Gascoigne -breeches</span>, or Venetian hosen, <span class='it'>greguéscos</span>’, Minsheu, Span. Dict.; ‘<span class='it'>Gascoyne -bride</span>, one who wears breeches’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 2 (Sir -Guy). ‘Gaskins’ is a Lincolnsh. word for gaiters (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gast,</span></span> to frighten. King Lear, ii. 2. 57; ‘I gasted hym, <span class='it'>Je lui baillay -belle paour</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>gasten</span>: ‘To gaste crowen from his corn’ -(P. Plowman, A. vii. 129).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaster,</span></span> to frighten, Giffard, Dial. Witches (Nares); Beaumont and Fl., -Wit at Several Weapons, ii. 4 (near end). A north-country and Essex -word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gate1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gate,</span></span> a way, path, road. Gascoigne, Voyage to Holland (ed. Hazlitt), -i. 385; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 13. In common use in the north country -down to Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1); cp. ‘Irongate’, the name -of the busiest thoroughfare in Derby. ME. <span class='it'>gate</span>, or way, ‘via’ (Prompt. -EETS. 188). Icel. <span class='it'>gata</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gate,</span></span> to walk; ‘Three stages . . . Neere the seacost gating’, Stanyhurst, -Aeneid i, 191. Cp. Worcestersh. phr. <span class='it'>to go gaiting</span>, to go about for -pleasure, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, vb.<sup>2</sup> 21).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gate-vein'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gate-vein,</span></span> the principal vein; applied metaphorically to the chief -course of trade. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 146; Bacon, Essay 19. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#vena'>vena porta</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gather-bag;</span></span> ‘<span class='it'>Gather-bag</span>, the bag or skinne, inclosing a young red -Deere in the Hyndes belly’, Bullokar (1616); ‘The <span class='it'>Gather-bagge</span> or -mugwet of a yong Harte when it is in the Hyndes bellie’, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 15; p. 39.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gauderie,</span></span> finery. Hall, Satires, iii. 1. 64; Bacon, Essay 29, § 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gauding,</span></span> festivity; hence, jesting, foolery. Udall, Roister Doister, -iii. 4. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaunt,</span></span> a gannet; ‘The gaglynge gaunte’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, -447. ‘Gaunt’ is the Lincolnsh. word for the great crested grebe (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>gante</span> (Prompt. EETS.); OE. <span class='it'>ganot</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaunt,</span></span> thin, slender; ‘She was gaunte agayne’ [after childbirth], -Latimer, 5 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 154); ‘They who . . . -desire to be gant and slender . . . ought to forbear drinking at meales’, -Holland, tr. Pliny, ii. 152. ‘Gant’ is in prov. use for slim, slender; in -Suffolk they speak of horses looking ‘gant’; so in Kent, of a greyhound -that is thin in the flanks (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gawnt</span>, or lene (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gaure'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaure,</span></span> to stare, gaze. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2275. ME. <span class='it'>gauren</span> -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1108 (1157).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>gaurish,</span> staring, showy, garish. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 54.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gavel,</span></span> a quantity of corn, cut and ready to be made into a sheaf. -<span class='it'>Gavel-heap</span>, said of wheat that is reaped but not bound, Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xxi. 328. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Gavel, sb.<sup>2</sup>). Norm. F. -<span class='it'>gavelle</span>, ‘javelle’ (Moisy), Med. L. <span class='it'>gavella</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gaw;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gow'>gow</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gawring-stock,</span></span> a gazing-stock, a spectacle. Mirror for Mag., Yorke, -st. 21. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gaure'>gaure</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gazet, gazette,</span></span> a Venetian coin of small value. B. Jonson, Volpone, -ii. 2 (Peregrine); Massinger, Maid of Honour iii. 1 (Jacomo). Ital. -‘<span class='it'>gazzetta</span>, a kind of small coyn in Venice, not worth a farthing of ours’ -(Florio). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>geances.</span></span> Only in B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 4 (Hilts). A rustic -pronunciation of <span class='it'>chances</span>? Nares supposes that <span class='it'>geances</span> = <span class='it'>jaunces</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#jaunce'>jaunce</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gear'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gear, geer, gere,</span></span> dress, apparel. L. L. L. v. 2. 304. (ME. <span class='it'>gere</span>, -equipment, Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4016). Also, wealth, property, B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1; talk, in depreciatory sense, ‘stuff’, Selden, Table Talk -(ed. Arber, 20); an affair, business, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 6; Romeo, ii. 4. 107; -Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Yellow). ‘Gear’ is very common in -prov. use in various senses; see EDD. (s.v.): 1, apparel; 9 and 10, goods, -property; 15, trash, rubbish; 16, affair, business. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>geason,</span></span> scantily produced; rare, scarce, uncommon; ‘Ixine is a rare -herb and geason to be seen’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 98; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. -37. ME. <span class='it'>gesen</span> (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 271). OE. <span class='it'>gǣsne</span>, barren, unproductive. -An Essex word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>geats;</span></span> ‘The female, which are called Geats, and the buckes Goates’, -Turbervile, Hunting, ch. 47; p. 146. ME. <span class='it'>geet</span>, pl. she-goats (Trevisa’s -Higden, i. 311). OE. <span class='it'>gǣt</span>, nom. pl. of <span class='it'>gāt</span>, a she-goat.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gee and ree;</span></span> ‘He expostulates with his Oxen very understandingly, -and speaks Gee and Ree better than English’, Earle, Microcosm, (ed. -Arber, 49). Cp. EDD. (s.v. Gee, <span class='it'>int.</span>): ‘Some or other of the crook horses -invariably crossed him on the road . . . owing to two words of the driver, -namely “gee” and “ree”,’ Bray’s Desc., Tamar and Tavy. Two words -of command to an animal driven; <span class='it'>Gee</span>, directs it to go forward, to move -faster, <span class='it'>Ree</span>, to turn to the right.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gelt,</span></span> a lunatic; ‘Like a ghastly Gelt whose wits are reaved’, Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 7. 21. Irish <span class='it'>gealt</span> (<span class='it'>geilt</span>), a madman (Dinneen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gelu,</span></span> ‘jelly’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 265.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gemonies,</span></span> steps on the Aventine Hill (Rome) whence the bodies of -state criminals were flung down, and afterwards dragged into the Tiber -(<span class='it'>scalae Gemoniae</span>). Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1 (Lamia); B. Jonson, -Sejanus, iv. 5 (Lepidus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>genethliac,</span></span> relating to nativities; hence, one who calculates nativities, -an astrologer. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 689. Gk. γενεθλιακός, belonging -to birth; from γενέθλη, birth.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Geneva print.</span></span> In the Merry Devil, ii. 1. 64, the Host says to the -half-drunken smith, ‘I see by thy eyes thou hast been reading little -Geneva print’, i.e. literally, type such as is in the Geneva Bible; but, -allusively, it means, ‘you have been drinking <span class='it'>geneva’</span>, i.e. <span class='it'>gin</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>geniture,</span></span> horoscope, the plan of a nativity, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 1; -that which is generated, offspring, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, 1345. -L. <span class='it'>genitura</span>, a begetting; seed of generation (Pliny); that which is -generated (Tertullian).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gennet-moyl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gennet-moyl,</span></span> a kind of apple that ripens early; ‘Trees grafted on -a gennet-moyl or cider-stock’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust., 1681. p. 121; <span class='it'>genet-moyle</span>, -Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 116. See EDD. (s.v. jennet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gent,</span></span> noble, high-born; valiant and courteous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. -17; (of women) graceful, elegant, F. Q. i. 9. 27; (of the body) shapely, -slender, Greene, Desc. of the Shepherd, 62 (ed. Dyce, p. 305). OF. <span class='it'>gent</span>, -well-born.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gentee,</span></span> genteel, elegant. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 747. F. <span class='it'>gentil</span> -(<span class='it'>l</span> silent).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gentry-cove,</span></span> a nobleman or gentleman. (Cant.) B. Jonson, Gipsies -Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘A gentry cofes ken, a gentleman’s house’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>George,</span></span> a half-crown, bearing the image of St. George. Shadwell, -Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gere;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gear'>gear</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gere2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gere, gear, geer,</span></span> a sudden fit of passion, transient fancy. North, -Plutarch (ed. 1676, p. 140); Holland, Am. Marcell. xxxi. 12. 421. ME. -<span class='it'>gere</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1531).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>gery,</span> capricious, fitful; ‘His seconde hawke waxid gery’, Skelton, -Ware the Hawke, 66. ME. <span class='it'>gery</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1536).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>german,</span></span> a brother. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 13; ii. 8. 46; cp. Othello, i. -1. 114. L. <span class='it'>germanus</span>, having the same father and mother.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gern'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gern,</span></span> a snarl, a ‘grin’. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Balurdo); -<span class='it'>gerne</span>, to grin, id., The Fawn, iv. 1 (Zuccone); Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 15. -‘Girn’ is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gyrn</span>, to grin (Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 322; xiii. 157).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gernative,</span></span> grinning (?). Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 5 -(Dampit).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gerr,</span></span> to jar, to be discordant. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gesse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gesse,</span></span> pl. guests. Lyly, Euphues, 305; spelt <span class='it'>guesse</span>, Gage, West Indies, -xiv. 90; <span class='it'>guess</span>, Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4. 6. See NED. (s.v. Guest).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gesseron,</span></span> a ‘jazerant’, a light coat of armour. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, ch. 17, § 7. OF. <span class='it'>jazeran</span> (<span class='it'>jesseran</span>), a light coat of armour, see -Didot (s.v. Jaseran); orig. an adj., as in <span class='it'>osberc jazerenc</span> (Ch. Rol. 1604), -O. Prov. <span class='it'>jazeren</span>, ‘de mailles’ (Levy). Dozy (s.v. Jacerina) says that the -supposition that the word means ‘Algerian’ is unfounded.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gest1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gest,</span></span> pl. <span class='it'>gests</span>, the various stages of a journey, esp. of a royal progress; -‘In Jacob’s gests Succoth succeeds . . . to Peniel’, Fuller, Pisgah, v. 3. -147; ‘The King’s gests’, L’Estrange, Charles I, 126. <span class='it'>Gest</span>, the time -allotted for a halt, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 41. A later form of <span class='bold'><a href='#gist'>gist</a>,</span> q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gest2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gest</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> story, narrative. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 15; exploit, Mother -Hubberd’s Tale, 978. ME. <span class='it'>geste</span>, romance, tale; pl. histories, occurrences -(Chaucer). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>geste</span>, L. (res) <span class='it'>gesta</span>, a thing performed.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gets,</span></span> pl. the jesses of a hawk; ‘Her gets, her jesses and her bells’, -Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles). Both <span class='it'>gets</span> and <span class='it'>jess</span> are -plural forms of OF. and Prov. <span class='it'>get</span> (F. <span class='it'>jet</span>), ‘a cast, a throw’, cp. F. <span class='it'>jeter</span>, to -throw. The form <span class='it'>jesses</span> is a double plural.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>giambeux,</span></span> armour for the legs. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. <span class='it'>jambeux</span> -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2065). Deriv. of F. <span class='it'>jambe</span>, the leg (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gib,</span></span> a familiar name for a cat. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190. Also, <span class='it'>Gib-cat</span>, ‘I -am as melancholy as a gib-cat’, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83. Hence, <span class='it'>Your Gibship</span>, -Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 1. ‘Gib’ and ‘Gib-cat’ are in prov. -use in the north, and down to Hereford, in the sense of a male cat, gen. -one that has been castrated (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gibbed cat,</span></span> gen. taken to mean a castrated cat. Rowley, A Match at -Midnight, ii. 1 (Jarvis).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gibbridge,</span></span> unintelligible talk, idle talk. Drayton, Pol. xii. 227; -‘<span class='it'>Bagois</span>, gibridge, strange talk, idle tattle’, Cotgrave. A Yorksh. pronunciation -of <span class='it'>gibberish</span> (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Giberalter,</span></span> ? a Gibraltar monkey, an ape, Merry Devil, i. 2. 14. See -NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gig</span></span> (with hard <span class='it'>g</span>), to produce another like itself, but smaller. Only -used metaphorically, and derived from ME. <span class='it'>gigge</span>, a whipping-top. See -NED., which has: ‘The verb seems to denote the action of some kind of -<span class='it'>gig</span>, or whipping-top of peculiar construction, having inside it a smaller -<span class='it'>gig</span> of the same shape, which was thrown out by the effect of rapid rotation.’ -Hence, ‘The first [lampoon] produces, still, a second jig [i.e. lampoon]; -You whip them out, like schoolboys [i.e. as schoolboys do], till they -gig’; Dryden, Prologue to Amphitryon, 20, 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>giggots,</span></span> slices, small pieces. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 452; ii. 372; -spelt <span class='it'>giggets</span>, Fletcher, Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Boatswain). F. <span class='it'>gigot</span>, -a leg of mutton. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>giglet, giglot,</span></span> a wanton. Meas. for M. v. 352; B. Jonson, Sejanus, -v. 4 (Sej.), where it is applied to Fortune; Middleton, Family of Love, i. 2 -(Gudgeon). In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gygelot</span>, ‘agagula’ (Prompt. EETS. 191). Cp. F. <span class='it'>gigolette</span>, -‘grisette, faubourienne courant les bals publics’ (Delesalle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gilder,</span></span> a ‘guilder’, an old Dutch coin. Comedy of Errors, i. 1. 8. Du. -<span class='it'>gulden</span>, ‘a guilder’ (Sewel); with <span class='it'>n</span> not pronounced, it sounds like <span class='it'>gilder</span> -to an English ear. See Dict. (s.v. Guilder).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gill,</span></span> a wench, servant-maid. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 709; ‘A gill -or gill-flirt, <span class='it'>gaultiere</span>, <span class='it'>ricalde</span>’, Sherwood. A pet name for Gillian or -Juliana.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gilt,</span></span> a jocose term for money. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 (Follywit); -Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gilt-head,</span></span> a name given to various fishes. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -i. 1 (Romelio); Hakluyt, Voy. iii. 520, l. 7. Applied to fishes -marked on the head with golden spots or lines; such as the bonito, the -dorado or dolphin, and the golden wrasse.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gim,</span></span> smart, spruce. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, i. 3 (Mrs. Amlet). -In prov. use in Lancashire and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jim, adj.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gimcrack,</span></span> an affected or worthless person, a fop. Fletcher, Loyal -Subject, iv. 2 (Theodore). Also, a fanciful notion, Massinger, Duke of -Milan, iv. 3 (Graccho).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gimmal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gimmal,</span></span> in pl. <span class='it'>gimmals</span>, <span class='it'>gimols</span>, joints, links, connecting parts of -machinery, Gosson, Trump. War, F 5 (NED.). Hence <span class='it'>gimmaled</span>, made -with gimmals or joints, ‘The jymold (gimmaled) bitt’, Hen. V, iv. 2. 49; -spelt <span class='it'>gymould</span>, made with links (applied to mailed armour), K. Edw. III, i. -2. 29. ME. <span class='it'>gymew</span>, <span class='it'>gymowe</span>, ‘gemella’ (Prompt. EETS. 191, see note -no. 877). OF. <span class='it'>gemel</span> (F. <span class='it'>gemeau</span>), L. <span class='it'>gemellus</span>, twin. See <span class='bold'><a href='#jimmal-ring'>jimmal-ring</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gimmors,</span></span> links in machinery, esp. for transmitting motion as in -clockwork. 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 41. ‘Gimmer’ (‘jimmer’) is a name for a -hinge in the north country and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jimmer, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gin,</span></span> to begin. Macbeth, i. 2. 25; Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 556); -<span class='it'>gan sort to this</span>, began to grow to this, grew to this; Peele (as above).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gin,</span></span> a contrivance, ‘engine’. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, 1. 298. See -Dict. (s.v. Gin, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ging,</span></span> a company of people. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 3; B. Jonson, Alchemist, -v. 1 (Lovewit); New Inn, i. 1 (Lovel). In prov. use, cp. the Leicester -saying, ‘The wull ging on ’em’ (i.e. the whole lot of them), see EDD. (s.v. -Gang, 12). ME. <span class='it'>ging</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, a company, a following, retinue (Wars Alex., freq., -see Glossarial Index); OE. <span class='it'>genge</span>, a following (Chron. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1070).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ginglymus,</span></span> a joint. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). L. -<span class='it'>ginglymus</span>; Gk. γίγγλυμος, a joint (as of the elbow).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ginimony.</span></span> Only in following passage, ‘Here is ginimony likewise -burned and pulverised, to be mingled with the juice of lemons, &c.’, -Westward Ho, i. 1 (Birdlime). Something used as a cosmetic.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ginniting,</span></span> a ‘jenneting’, an early apple. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1. See -Dict. (s.v. Jenneting).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gird'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gird,</span></span> to strike, smite, pierce; ‘When some sodain stitch girds me in -the side’, Bp. Hall, Medit. i, § 92; Palsgrave; <span class='it'>girt</span>, pp. smitten, ‘Through -girt’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iv. 4. 112; <span class='it'>to gird forward</span>, to rush forward, -Gosson, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, 58). ME. <span class='it'>gird</span>, to strike, pierce (Wars -Alex. 1219); to rush (id. 1243); see Glossarial Index. See NED. (s.v. -Gird, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girdle;</span></span> ‘Would my girdle may break if I do’, Match at Midnight, i. 1 -(Tim); ‘I pray God my girdle break’, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 171. The girdle was -used to keep up the breeches; see <span class='it'>breechgirdle</span> in NED. It also usually had -the wearer’s purse hung at it, which would be lost if the girdle broke.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girdle-stead,</span></span> place for the girdle, i.e. the waist. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, v. 538; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 2 (Flavia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girl,</span></span> a roebuck in its second year. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143. -ME. <span class='it'>gerle</span>, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4, back.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girn,</span></span> a ‘grin’, a grim smile. Davenant, The Wits, iv (near the end). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#gern'>gern</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girt,</span></span> to gird, surround with a girdle. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 171; 2 Hen. VI, -i. 1. 65.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>girt,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> of <span class='bold'><a href='#gird'>gird</a>,</span> q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gist,</span></span> pl. <span class='it'>gists</span>, the stopping-places or stages in a monarch’s progress; -‘Gists or Gests of the Queen’s Progress, i.e. a Bill or Writing that contains -the Names of the Towns or Houses where she intends to lie upon the Way’, -Phillips, Dict. (ed. 1706). OF. <span class='it'>giste</span> (F. <span class='it'>gîte</span>), resting- or stopping-place. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#gest1'>gest</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gite,</span></span> used by Peele for splendour, magnificence, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, -p. 558, col. 1); David and Bathsheba (p. 473, col. 2). Fairfax uses the -word <span class='it'>gite</span> for some kind of apparel, ‘Phœbus . . . dond a gite in deepest -purple dide’, tr. of Tasso, xiii. 54. 245. ME. <span class='it'>gyte</span>, a shirt or mantle (?) -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3954); OF. <span class='it'>guite</span> (Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>giusts,</span></span> ‘justs’, tournaments. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 39.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>give on,</span></span> to advance; ‘And eager flames give on’, Dryden, Annus -Mirabilis, st. 280; ‘The enemy gives on, by fury led’, Dryden, Indian -Emperor, ii. 3; ‘Where he gives on’, Waller, Instructions to a Painter, 213.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>given,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> with an adverb, affected, disposed, inclined; ‘cardinally -given’, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 81; ‘lewdly given’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 469; virtuously -given’, id., iii. 3. 16; ‘well given’, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 72; ‘cannibally -given’, Coriolanus, iv. 5. 200.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glade:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to go to glade</span>, to set; said of the sun. Puttenham, Eng. -Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11, p. 116; ‘The sunne was gone to glade’, Udall, tr. of -Erasmus, Paraphr. on Matt. viii. 18. The phrase is cited as in use in -Ireland; see EDD. (s.v. Glade). ME. ‘þe sonne ȝede to glade’ (Trevisa, -tr. Higden, v. 189). Cp. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>glada</span>, to go down, to set (of the sun); -see Aasen.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='glaire'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaire, glayre,</span></span> the white of an egg; any viscid or slimy substance. -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 25. Hence <span class='it'>glaired</span>, smeared, Marston, Sat. iii. 32. -ME. <span class='it'>gleyre</span>, ‘glarea’ (Prompt. EETS. 193); OF. <span class='it'>glaire</span>, the white of an egg -(Hatzfeld). See <span class='bold'><a href='#glere'>glere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaster,</span></span> to bawl. Douglas, Aeneis, viii, Prol. 47. ‘To glaister’ occurs -in Scottish poetry, meaning to bawl or bark, also, to babble, to talk indistinctly -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glastynge,</span></span> barking like a dog, howling. Morte Arthur, leaf 251. 24; -bk. x, c. 53. For <span class='it'>glatising</span>, cp. OF. <span class='it'>glatisant</span>, pres. pt. of <span class='it'>glatir</span>, to cry aloud, -howl (Ch. Rol. 3527).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaver,</span></span> to flatter, wheedle. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); -Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 198. ‘To glaver’ is in prov. use in the north -country down to Shropsh. and Bedfordsh., meaning ‘to flatter, wheedle, -talk endearingly to’, see EDD. (s.v. Glaver, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). ME. <span class='it'>glavir</span>, chattering -(Wars Alex. 5504).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaymy,</span></span> sticky, slimy. Skelton, Ag. Garnesche, iii. 168. ME. -<span class='it'>gleymy</span> (Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Gleimy); <span class='it'>gleyme</span>, ‘gluten’, <span class='it'>gleymows</span>, -‘limosus’ (Prompt. 192, 193).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaze,</span></span> to make to shine like glass. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2. -Hence, <span class='it'>Glaze-worm</span>, a glow-worm, Lyly, Euphues, 91. An E. Anglian -word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>glasyn</span>, ‘vitrio’ (Prompt. EETS).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaze,</span></span> to stare, gaze intently. Jul. Caes. i. 3. 21. Still in use in -Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). Cp. G. dial. (Alsace) <span class='it'>gläse</span>, ‘stieren, scharf -u. feurig sehen, sauer sehen’ (Martin-Lienhart).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glaziers,</span></span> eyes; a cant term. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor), -Harman, Caveat, p. 82; ‘Toure out [look out] with your glaziers’, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glee:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>gold and glee</span>; ‘Not for gold nor glee will I abyde By you’, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32. Perhaps <span class='it'>glee</span> in this phr. refers to the bright colour -of gold; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gleeke,</span></span> a game at cards, played by three persons. B. Jonson, Devil -an Ass, v. 2; a set of three court cards of the same rank in one hand -(NED.); hence, a set of three, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth). -OF. <span class='it'>glic</span> (<span class='it'>ghelicque</span>). Probably adopted fr. Du. <span class='it'>gelyk</span>, ‘like’ (Sewel); cp. -G. <span class='it'>gleich</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gleering,</span></span> casting sly, cunning glances; ‘That glering Foxe’, Tyndale, -on Matt. vi. 19 (Works, ed. 1572, p. 231); ‘Such a gleering eye’, Return -from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Furor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glent,</span></span> glowing, bright; ‘Her eyen glent’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, -993.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glent,</span></span> a slip, a fall. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1687.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='glere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glere,</span></span> the white of an egg; a similar slimy substance; ‘This slimy -glere’, Mirror for Mag., Morindus, st. 1 and st. 15. See <span class='bold'><a href='#glaire'>glaire</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='glib'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glib,</span></span> to geld. Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 149; Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 -(2 Soldier). See <span class='bold'><a href='#lib2'>lib</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glibbery,</span></span> slippery, smooth, soft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus); -Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Aneleutherus). A Suffolk word, -see EDD. (s.v. Glib, adj. 1 (4)), Du. <span class='it'>glibberig</span>, slippery (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glidder,</span></span> to cover with a smooth glaze. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 -(Wit). In use in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glimpse, glimse,</span></span> to shine faintly, to glimmer. Surrey, The Forsaken -Lover, 5, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 23; to appear faintly, Drayton, -Barons’ Wars, bk. v, st. 45; to dawn; P. Fletcher, Purple Island, bk. xii, -st. 46. Cp. the Devon expression for twilight, ‘The dimmet or glimpse of -the evening’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glint,</span></span> slippery; ‘The stones be full glint’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -572. Cp. Swed. dial. <span class='it'>glinta</span>, to slip on ice (Rietz).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gloat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gloat, glote,</span></span> to look askance, to look furtively. Gascoigne, Complaint -of Philomene (ed. Arber, p. 96); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 -(Chilax); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 150. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glode,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, glided. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 23. ME. <span class='it'>glood</span>, glided, went -quickly (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2094); OE. <span class='it'>glād</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>glīdan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glomming,</span></span> ‘glumming’, sullenness. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1 -(end); ‘I glome, I loke under the browes or make a louryng countenance’, -Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glooming,</span></span> gloomy, dark, dismal. Romeo, v. 3. 305.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glore,</span></span> to glow, to shine; ‘The gloring light’, Return from Parnassus, -i. 1 (p. 8). Norw. dial. <span class='it'>glora</span>, to shine, to sparkle (Aasen); also Swed. -dial. (Rietz).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glorious,</span></span> vainglorious, boastful. Bacon, Essay 34 (near end); Beaumont -and Fl., Thierry, ii. 1 (Thierry). L. <span class='it'>gloriosus</span>, vainglorious.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glory,</span></span> to glorify, to honour, to adorn, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 16; -‘The troop that gloried Venus at her wedding-day’, Greene and Lodge, -Looking Glasse, i. 1. 108.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>glote;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gloat'>gloat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnarl,</span></span> to snarl. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 192; to grumble, complain, -‘Gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite’, Richard II, i. 3. 292. Cp. north -Lincoln dialect, ‘She’s alust a gnarlin’ at me aboot sumthing’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnarre,</span></span> to snarl, growl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 34. In prov. use (EDD.). -<span class='it'>Gnarren</span> is found in many Low German dialects, see Dähnert and the -Bremen Wtb. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnast,</span></span> to gnash the teeth. Morte Arthur, leaf 103, back, 16; bk. vi, -c. 15; ‘I gnaste with the tethe’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>gnastyn</span>, ‘fremo, strideo’ -(Prompt. EETS. 207, see note, no. 946).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnathonical,</span></span> resembling Gnatho, a parasite or sycophant in Terence. -Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 317 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gnoff, gnuff,</span></span> a churl, boor, lout; ‘The chubbyshe gnof’, Drant, tr. of -Horace, Sat. i. 1; <span class='it'>gnuffe</span>, Turbervile, A Mirror of the Fall of Pride, st. 5. -ME. <span class='it'>gnof</span>, a churl (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3188). Cp. Low G. <span class='it'>gnuffig</span>, <span class='it'>knuffig</span>, -rough, coarse, unmannerly (Koolman). So NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go to pot;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pot'>pot</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>goawle,</span></span> gullet; ‘Their throtes haue puffed goawles’ (riming with -<span class='it'>joawles</span>, jowls); Golding, Metam. vi. 377 (L. inflataque colla tumescunt). -Norm. F. <span class='it'>goule</span> (F. <span class='it'>gueule</span>), L. <span class='it'>gula</span>, the gullet.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gob,</span></span> a gobbet, piece, morsel. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79, l. 1. In -prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go bet,</span></span> go quickly, hurry up. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 332. <span class='it'>Go bet</span>, -lit. go better, i.e. go quicker; hence, used like the modern ‘look sharp’ or -‘hurry up’. Prob. orig. a hunting cry, as in Chaucer, Leg. Good Women, -Dido, 288. Once common. ME. <span class='it'>bet</span>, better (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 714), -OE. <span class='it'>bet</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go by, Jeronimo,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go by,</span></span> i.e. pass on, wait a little. A very -common quotation, used in ridicule, from Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy, iii. -12. 31. In the original used by Hieronimo, or Jeronimo, to himself. -Finding his application to the king improper at the moment, he says: -‘Hieronimo, beware! <span class='it'>go by, go by</span>.’ See Tam. Shrew, Induction, i. 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>go less,</span></span> to stake less, in a card game. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, -ii. 6; iv. 4; ‘We’ll have no going less’, Little French Lawyer, iii. 2 -(La Writ).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='God1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>God before,</span></span> God going before, with God’s assistance. Hen. V, i. 2. 370. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#God2'>God to fore</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>god den,</span></span> good evening; <span class='it'>God you god den</span>, God (give) you good e’en, -Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 163; <span class='it'>God dig-you-den</span>, L. L. L. iv. 1. 42; <span class='it'>God gi’ god-den</span>, -Romeo, i. 2. 58; <span class='it'>god den</span>, Yorksh. Tragedy, ii. 120. Still in use in Scotland -and in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Good-den).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='God2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>God to fore,</span></span> God going before, with God’s assistance. Kyd, Cornelia, -iii. 2. 69. ME. <span class='it'>God to-forn</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1049). See <span class='bold'><a href='#God1'>God before</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>god-phere,</span></span> a godfather. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Clench). Cp. -the Devon ‘godfer’ (= godfather), see EDD. (s.v. Gatfer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gofe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gofe,</span></span> the quantity of corn or hay laid up in one bay or division of a -barn; a ‘goaf’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 20; ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche -as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye’, Palsgrave. In E. Anglia -<span class='it'>goaf</span> (<span class='it'>gofe</span>, <span class='it'>goff</span>) is used for the bay of a barn, and for the corn or hay laid -up in the bay, see EDD. (s.v. Goaf, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 4). ME. <span class='it'>golf</span> of corne, -‘archonium’ (Prompt. EETS. 195, see note, no. 893); Icel. <span class='it'>gōlf</span>, a floor, -apartment, cp. Dan. <span class='it'>gulv</span>, a bay of a barn. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gove'>gove</a>, <a href='#gulfe'>gulfe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>goggle, gogle,</span></span> to roll one’s eyes; ‘He gogled his eyesight’, Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, i. 459; to stare, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 120.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gold,</span></span> marigold; corn marigold; <span class='it'>golds</span>, pl., corn marigold, Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 20. 25; <span class='it'>gouldes</span>, id. § 20. 25; <span class='it'>gooldes</span>, Spenser, Colin Clout, -341. ME. <span class='it'>golde</span>, marigold (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1929; <span class='it'>goolde</span>, ‘solsequium, elitropium’ -(Prompt. EETS. see note, no. 892); <span class='it'>golde</span>, the sunflower (Gower, -C. A. v. 6780). See Napier’s Old English Glosses, 26. 36 (note). OE. <span class='it'>golde</span>, -‘solsequia’ (Voc. 301. 6).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gold-end man,</span></span> a man who buys odds and ends of gold and silver. B. -Jonson, ii. 1 (Dol); Eastward Ho, v. 1 (Gertrude).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>goldfinch,</span></span> a piece of gold, piece of money. (Cant.) Middleton, Blurt, -Mr. Constable, iv. 1. 9. [Ainsworth, Rookwood, II, ii (EDD.).]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gold-finder,</span></span> a jocular term for a cleanser of cesspools. Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto). Cp. <span class='it'>gold-digger</span>, a ‘jakesman’, and <span class='it'>gold-dust</span>, ordure, -Warwickshire words, see EDD. (s.v. Gold, 1 (1 and 2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gold-weights,</span></span> small weights, for weighing small portions of gold. -Hence, <span class='it'>to the gold-weights</span> (weighed even down to grains, even in small particulars), -B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). See <span class='bold'><a href='#caract1'>caract</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>golilla,</span></span> a kind of starched collar. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, -iv. 1 (Monsieur); see Stanford. Span. <span class='it'>golilla</span>, ‘a little Band worn in Spain, -starch’d stiff, and sticking out under the Chin like a Ruff’ (Stevens); <span class='it'>gola</span>, -the gullet, L. <span class='it'>gula</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>golls,</span></span> hands. (Cant.) Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Uberto); -Woman-hater, v. 5 (2nd Lady); Tourneur, Revengers’ Tragedy, v. 1 (Vindici). -Still in use in Essex (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>golpol,</span></span> prob. for <span class='it'>gold-poll</span> (cp. <span class='it'>goldilocks</span>); a term of endearment for a -child. Jacob and Esau, v. 10 (Esau).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gomme,</span></span> a god-mother; ‘<span class='it'>Commere</span> . . . a gomme’, Cotgrave; ‘A scornful -Gom’, Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Ricardo). ME. <span class='it'>gome</span>, ‘a godmoder’ -(Cath. Angl. 161).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gong,</span></span> ‘latrina’. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, 2nd Song, st. 7; ‘Gonge, a -draught, <span class='it'>ortrait</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘Gonge, <span class='it'>forica</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. ME. <span class='it'>gonge</span> -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 885); OE. <span class='it'>gong</span> (<span class='it'>gang</span>), ‘secessus’ (Ælfric Gl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>good cheap,</span></span> cheap. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), (ed. Dyce, p. -42); Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 125. ME. <span class='it'>good chep</span>(<span class='it'>e</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -iii. 641). Cp. F. <span class='it'>à bon marché</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Cheap).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>good fellow,</span></span> a thief. (Cant.) Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (2 Bandit); -Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre, Host).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>good year</span>(<span class='bold'>s,</span></span> used as a meaningless expletive in the exclamation, -‘What the good-yere’ (good-year). Merry Wives, i. 4. 129; Much Ado, i. 3. 1; -2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 64 and 191. Cp. the Northampton expression, ‘What the -goodgers be that?’, and the Devon sentence, ‘Our vokes wonder what the -goodgers a come o’ me’, see EDD. Low G. (Pomeranian dialect) ‘<span class='it'>Wat to ’m -goden Jaar?</span>, sagt man, wenn man sich über schlechte Handlungen wundert’ -(Dähnert).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>goom,</span></span> a man. Grimald, Prayse of measurekepyng, 17, in Tottel’s Misc., -p. 109. ME. <span class='it'>gome</span>, a man (Wars Alex., see Glossarial Index); OE. <span class='it'>guma</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gords;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gourdes'>gourdes</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gorebelly,</span></span> a fat paunch; a man having a fat paunch. North, tr. of -Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 7 (in Shak. Plut., p. 11, n. 4); hence <span class='it'>gorbellied</span>, fat, -1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 93.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gorreau,</span></span> the yoke of draught animals. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246. 1. -OF. <span class='it'>goherel</span>, <span class='it'>gorel</span>, <span class='it'>gorreau</span>, a yoke (Godefroy); <span class='it'>gorriau</span>, ‘collier de cheval’ -(Didot); see Ducange (s.v. Gorgia, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Gospel-tree.</span></span> ‘The boundaries of the township of Wolverhampton are -in many points marked out by what are called Gospel-trees, from the custom -of having the Gospel read under or near them by the clergyman attending -the parochial perambulations’, Shaw, Staffordsh., II, i. 165; ‘Dearest -bury me Under that Holy oke or Gospel-tree’, Herrick, Hesperides, To -Anthea. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 109).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gossampine,</span></span> a cotton-like substance, made from the <span class='it'>Bombax pentandrum</span>. -Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1377); p. 135, col. 1; Holland, tr. -of Pliny, bk. xii, ch. 11. L. <span class='it'>gossympinus</span>, a cotton-tree (Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gossander,</span></span> the ‘goosander’, <span class='it'>Mergus merganser</span>. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 65. -With the suffix <span class='it'>-ander</span> cp. <span class='it'>bergander</span>, an old name for the sheldrake, and -the ON. <span class='it'>önd</span>, pl. <span class='it'>ander</span>, a duck (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gossip,</span></span> a godparent. Two Gent. iii. 1. 269; Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 41. In -prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gouland, gowland,</span></span> a yellow flower; a name given to various kinds -of <span class='it'>Ranunculus</span>, <span class='it'>Caltha</span>, and <span class='it'>Trollius</span>. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, -1. 6). ‘As yalla as a gollan’ is a common Northumberland expression; see -EDD. (s.v. Gowlan(d ).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gourdes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gourdes,</span></span> false dice, for gaming; ‘What false dise vse they? as dise . . . -of a vauntage, flattes, gourdes to chop and change whan they lyste’, Ascham, -Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54); spelt <span class='it'>gords</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, -iv. 1 (E. Loveless). OF. <span class='it'>gourd</span>, ‘fourberie’ (Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gove'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gove,</span></span> to ‘goave’; to lay up corn in a ‘goaf’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. -10, 23. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Goave). ME. <span class='it'>golvyn</span>, ‘arconiso’ -(Prompt. EETS. 207). Cp. Dan. <span class='it'>gulve</span>, to stack in the bay of a barn. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#gofe'>gofe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gow,</span></span> for <span class='it'>go we</span>, let us go; ‘Gow, wife, gow’, Three Lords and Three -Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 440; <span class='it'>gaw</span>, let’s be gone, Triumphs of Love -and Fortune, in the same, vi. 183. ‘Gow’ (‘let us go’) is still common in -the Lakeland, and in E. Anglia as an invitation to accompany the speaker, -see EDD. (s.v. Go, 2 (b)). ME. <span class='it'>gowe</span> (P. Plowman, B, Prol. 226).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gowked,</span></span> stupefied. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Keep). Cp. -‘gowk’, the north-country word for the cuckoo; applied <span class='it'>fig.</span> to a fool, -simpleton, a clumsy, awkward fellow (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>goke</span>, ‘cuculus’ (Cath. -Angl.), Icel. <span class='it'>gaukr</span>, cp. G. <span class='it'>gauch</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gowles,</span></span> ‘gules’, red. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 286. 17. OF. <span class='it'>goules</span> -(F. <span class='it'>gueules</span>). See Dict. (s.v. Gules).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gowndy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gowndy,</span></span> (of the eyes) full of sore matter. Skelton, El. Rummyng, -34; <span class='it'>gunny</span>, Meriton, Praise Ale, 263; Skinner, Etym. ME. <span class='it'>gownde</span> off þe -eye, ‘albugo’ (Prompt. EETS. 197, see note, no. 905). OE. <span class='it'>gund</span>, matter of -a sore.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gownest,</span></span> for <span class='it'>gownist</span>, one who is entitled to wear a gown, a lawyer. -Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, ch. 27, st. 53.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grabble,</span></span> to grope after, to grapple with, to handle roughly. Dryden, -Prol. to Disappointment, 60; ‘He . . . keeps a-grabling and a-fumbling’ -(i.e. feeling with his hands), Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 99). In -prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). Du. <span class='it'>grabbelen</span>, to scramble, or -to catch that catch may (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Gracious Street,</span></span> Gracechurch Street. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, -iii. 4 (Hodge); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Y. Chartley); -Fair Maid of the Exchange, i. 1 (Shaks. Soc. 29). Originally <span class='it'>Grass -Church</span>, ‘Higher in Grasse Street is the Parish Church of St. Bennet, -called Grasse Church, of the herb market there kept’, Stow’s Survey (ed. -Thoms, 80).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grail, grayle,</span></span> the ‘gradual’, an antiphon sung between the Epistle -and Gospel; when the deacon was ascending the step of the ambo or -reading-desk; ‘He shall syng the grayle’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, -441. ME. <span class='it'>grayle</span>, ‘gradale’ (Prompt.). OF. <span class='it'>graël</span>, Eccles. L. <span class='it'>gradale</span>, -<span class='it'>graduale</span>. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Gradual).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grain,</span></span> the dye made from the Scarlet Grain (Kermes); ‘The Scarlet -grain which commeth of the Ilex’, Holland, Pliny, i. 461; <span class='it'>to dye in grain</span>, -to dye in scarlet grain, also, in any fast or permanent colour, hence, <span class='it'>in -grain</span>, in permanent colour, Com. Errors, iii. 2. 108; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 255; -<span class='it'>grain</span>, permanent colour, ‘All in a robe of darkest grain’, Milton, Il Pens. -33. F. <span class='it'>graine</span>, ‘grain wherewith cloth is died in grain’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. -<span class='it'>grana</span>, ‘bacca cujusdam arboris’ (Ducange).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>grained,</span> ingrained, dyed in ‘grain’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 90.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grain,</span></span> a bough or branch. Bp. Hall, Sat. Defiance to Envie, 5; <span class='it'>grains</span>, -the prongs of a forked stick, fork, or fish-spear, ‘With three graines like -an ele speare’, Holland, Suetonius, 147; the lower limbs, Drayton, Pol. -i. 495. ‘Grain’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England and -Scotland in many senses, esp. a branch or bough of a tree, and the prong -or tine of a fork, see EDD. (s.v. Grain, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 5). Icel. <span class='it'>grein</span>, a branch -of a tree, an arm of the sea.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>grained staff,</span> a staff forked at the top, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -§ 41. 9.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>graithe,</span></span> to prepare, array. Morte Arthur, leaf 86. 34; bk. v, c. 7. -In common prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>graythe</span>, to prepare, get ready (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). Icel. -<span class='it'>greiða</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grammates,</span></span> rudiments, first principles. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 3 -(Orgilus). Gk. γράμματα, the letters of the alphabet.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grandguard,</span></span> a piece of plate armour, covering the breast and left -shoulder, affixed to the breastplate by screws, and hooked on to the -helmet. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 72.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>graner,</span></span> a ‘garner’, granary. Drayton, Pol. iii. 258.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grange,</span></span> a country-house; a lonely dwelling. Meas. iii. 1. 279; Heywood, -Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Delavil). In various parts of England the -term ‘grange’ is used for a small mansion or farm-house, esp. one standing -by itself remote from other dwellings (EDD.). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gratuling,</span></span> congratulating; ‘His gratuling speech’, Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). Only in this passage. OF. <span class='it'>gratuler</span>, L. <span class='it'>gratulari</span>, to -congratulate.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Grave,</span></span> a Count; a title. Used of Prince Maurice of Nassau; Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, i. 2 (Bobadilla); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2. Du. <span class='it'>Grave</span>, an -Earle or a Count (Hexham); cp. G. <span class='it'>Graf</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>graved.</span></span> ‘O, that these gravèd hairs of mine were covered in the -clay!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. Perhaps a -misprint for <span class='it'>grayed</span>, become grey; see <span class='bold'><a href='#graye'>graye</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gravelled,</span></span> stranded; hence, brought to a stand, perplexed. As You -Like It, iv. 1. 74; North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., -p. 177, n. 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gray'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gray,</span></span> a badger; <span class='it'>grice of a gray</span>, lit. pig of a badger, cub of a badger. -B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). Formerly in prov. use in the -north country, and in Wilts., Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Grey, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 6). ME. <span class='it'>grey</span>, ‘taxus’ (Prompt. 209, see Way’s note).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='graye'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>graye,</span></span> to become grey; ‘In learning Socrates lives, grayes and dyes’ -(Sylvester); see NED. (s.v. Grey, vb.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grease;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#greece'>greece</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>greave,</span></span> a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 42; vi. 2. 43; Drayton, Pol. -xiii. 116; ‘Greave or busshe, <span class='it'>boscaige</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Greave’ occurs in local -names near Sheffield, and appears as a Lancashire word in EDD. ME. -<span class='it'>greve</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1507), OE. <span class='it'>grǣfa</span>, a bush (Chron. 852).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='grece'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grece,</span></span> a flight of stairs or steps; ‘The greece of the quire’, Bacon, -Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 162); <span class='it'>greese</span>, a single step or stair in a flight, -Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 67); <span class='it'>greise</span>, Two Noble Kinsmen, -ii. 1. 34; greese (grice), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 138; Timon, iv. 3. 16; -Othello, i. 3. 200; ‘<span class='it'>Eschelette</span>, a small step or greece’, Cotgrave. See EDD. -(s.v. Grees). ME. <span class='it'>grees</span>, steps, stairs (Wyclif, Acts xxi. 35). OF. <span class='it'>grés</span>, pl. -of <span class='it'>gré</span>, ‘marche d’un escalier’ (La Curne), L. <span class='it'>gradus</span>, a step. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gressinges'>gressinges</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gredaline;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gridelin'>gridelin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gree,</span></span> a step or degree in honour or rank. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, -215; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 175 (Orlando). <span class='it'>To win the gree</span>, to win the -highest degree, superiority, mastery, victory, Morte Arthur, bk. x, ch. 21. -See EDD. (s.v. Gree, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>gree</span> (Rom. Rose, 2116), OF. <span class='it'>gré</span>, ‘degré, -rang’ (La Curne).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gree,</span></span> favour, goodwill. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; <span class='it'>in gree</span>, with goodwill -or favour, kindly, in good part: <span class='it'>to take in gree</span>, F. Q. v. 6. 21; <span class='it'>to receive in -gree</span>, Gascoigne, Jocasta, iii. 1 (Manto). Cp. F. <span class='it'>en gré</span>, in good part (Cotgr., -s.v. Gré), L. <span class='it'>gratum</span>, a pleasant thing.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gree,</span></span> short for <span class='it'>agree</span>. Greene, Friar Bungay, ii. 3 (744), scene 6. 130 -(W.); p. 162, col. 1 (D.); Daniel, Philotas, p. 195 (Nares); Sh. Sonn. cxiv.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='greece'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>greece, herte of,</span></span> a hart of grease, a good fat hart, in prime condition. -Morte Arthur, leaf 283, back, 22; bk. x, c. 86. See <span class='bold'><a href='#greece'>hart of grease</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>green,</span></span> youthful, of tender age; ‘Green virginity’, Timon, iv. 1. 7; -raw, inexperienced, simple, ‘A green girl’, Hamlet, i. 3. 101; ‘green -minds’, Othello, ii. 1. 250; silly, ‘green songs’, Two Noble Kinsmen, -iv. 3. 61.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>green gown;</span></span> to give a lass a green gown, to throw her down upon -the grass, so that the gown was stained. Greene, George-a-Greene, ii. 3 -(Jenkin); Middleton, Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Chough).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>green lion,</span></span> a stage in the process of transmutation of metals. -B. Jonson, ii. 1 (Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Greensleeves, Lady Greensleeves,</span></span> the names of a once well-known -ballad and tune. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 64; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, -iii. 4 (Petruchio). See Roxburgh Ballads, vi. 398.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>greete,</span></span> to weep, cry, lament, grieve, Spenser, Sheph. Kal., April, 1; -weeping and complaint, ib., August. In common prov. use in Scotland, -Ireland, and north of England including Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. -Greet, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>greten</span>, to weep (Wars Alex. 4370). OE. <span class='it'>grǣtan</span> (Anglian, -<span class='it'>grētan</span>), to weep.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grement,</span></span> ‘agreement’. Mirror for Mag., Cade, st. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gresco,</span></span> an old game at cards. Eastward Ho, iv. 1 [<span class='it'>or</span> 2] (Touchstone); -see Nares; ‘Hazard or Gresco’ (Florio, s.v. Massáre).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gresle,</span></span> slender. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 27. OF. <span class='it'>gresle</span> -(F. <span class='it'>grêle</span>); L. <span class='it'>gracilis</span>, slender.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gressinges'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gressinges,</span></span> steps, stairs; ‘There is another way to go doune, by -gressinges’, Latimer, 6 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 170). Cp. -EDD. (s.v. Grissens). See <span class='bold'><a href='#grece'>grece</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grewnde,</span></span> a greyhound. Golding, Metam. i. 533; fol. 9, back (1603); -Harington, Ariosto, xxiv. 52; <span class='it'>grewhound</span>, Bellenden, Boece, I. xxxi (NED.). -ME. <span class='it'>gre-hownde</span> (Prompt. Harl. MS.). Icel. <span class='it'>greyhundr</span>, also, <span class='it'>grey</span>, a greyhound. -See NED. (s.v. Greund).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grice,</span></span> a pig, esp. a young pig; ‘<span class='it'>Marcassin</span>, a young wild boar . . . or -grice’, Cotgrave; ‘Bring the Head of the Sow to the Tail of the Grice’ -(i.e. balance your Loss with your Gain), Kelly, Scot. Prov. 62. Also, the -young of a badger, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel) (see <span class='bold'><a href='#gray'>gray</a></span>). Still -in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gryse</span>, pygge, -‘porcellus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 916). Icel. <span class='it'>grīss</span>, a young pig; -so Norw. dial. <span class='it'>gris</span> (Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grice;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#grece'>grece</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gride,</span></span> for <span class='it'>grided</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>gride</span>, to pierce. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1491.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gridelin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gridelin,</span></span> of a pale purple or violet colour; Dryden seems to say it -was a colour between white and green. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 343. -Spelt <span class='it'>gredaline</span>, The Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 (Wanton). F. <span class='it'>gridelin</span>, for -<span class='it'>gris de lin</span> (i.e. of the grey colour of flax), see Hatzfeld.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grill, gryll,</span></span> fierce. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 6. ME. <span class='it'>gril</span>, fierce -(Cursor M. 719); Low G. <span class='it'>grel</span>(<span class='it'>l</span>, angry (Koolman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grindle-tail,</span></span> a kind of dog. Only in Fletcher, Island Princess, v. 3 -(2 Townsman). Perhaps a misprint for <span class='it'>trindle-tail</span> (<span class='it'>trundle-tail</span>). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gripe,</span></span> a griffin; ‘Grypes make their nests of gold’, Lyly, Galathea, -ii. 3; a vulture, Lucrece, 543. OF. <span class='it'>grip</span>, griffin. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gryphon'>gryphon</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gripe’s egg,</span></span> a large egg supposed to be that of a ‘gripe’, hence, an -oval-shaped cup. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>gripes ey</span> -(Gower, C. A. i. 2545).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gripple,</span></span> greedy, grasping. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; vi. 4. 6; Drayton, -Pol. i. 106; xiii. 22. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>gripel</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gris-amber,</span></span> ambergris or grey amber. Milton, P. R. ii. 344. See Dict. -(s.v. Amber).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grisping,</span></span> twilight; either morning or evening. Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 233). Cp. the phr. <span class='it'>in the gropsing of the evening</span>, in the dusk, Records -Quarter Sessions (ann. 1606); see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grissel, gristle,</span></span> a tender or delicate person; ‘She is but a gristle’, -Udall, Roister Doister, i 4. 24; ‘I love no grissels’, Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 -(Sir Tophas). See NED. (s.v. Gristle, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='groin1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groin,</span></span> the snout; hence, a contemptuous term for the face. Golding, -Metam. xiv. 292 (fol. 170); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 34. ME. <span class='it'>groyn</span>, a pig’s -snout (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 158). O. Prov. <span class='it'>gronh</span>, ‘groin, museau’ (Levy). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#Groyne'>Groyne</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groin,</span></span> to growl; ‘Beares that groynd’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27; -<span class='it'>groyning</span>, murmuring, Turnbull, Expos. James, 202 (NED). ME. <span class='it'>groynen</span>, -to murmur (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2460). OF. <span class='it'>grogner</span>, to grunt, L. <span class='it'>grunnire</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groom-porter,</span></span> an officer of the royal household (till the time of -George III); he was privileged to provide gaming-tables, cards, and dice. -B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); Dryden, Prol. to Don Sebastian, -l. 24.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grought,</span></span> growth, increase. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 101; -xxiii. 289.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ground,</span></span> the plain-song or melody on which a descant is raised; also, -the ground-bass. Richard III, iii. 7. 49; Edw. III, ii. 1. 122; ‘The tenor-part, -the treble, and the ground’, B. Jonson, Love’s Welcome at Welbeck, -2 Chorus.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grout,</span></span> coarse porridge, made with whole meal. Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 28. Icel. <span class='it'>grautr</span>, porridge.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grout-head, growthead,</span></span> a blockhead, thickhead. Tusser, Husbandry -(ed. 1878, 115); ‘Those Turbanto grout-heads’, Nashe, Lenten -Stuffe, 39; ‘<span class='it'>Il a une grosse teste</span>, he is a verie blockhead, grouthead, joulthead’, -Cotgrave; Urquhart’s Rabelais, I, xxv (Davies). ‘Grout-headed’ -(thick-headed) is known in Sussex (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groutnoll,</span></span> a blockhead, thickhead, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning -Pestle, ii. 3 (Wife).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>growt,</span></span> great. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song). Du. -<span class='it'>groot</span>, great.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>groyle,</span></span> to move, move forward; ‘He groyleth’ (L. <span class='it'>graditur</span>), Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, iii. 678. Hence, <span class='it'>groyl</span>, one who is ever on the move, -id., iv 179. F. <span class='it'>grouiller</span>, ‘to move, stir’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Groyne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Groyne, the,</span></span> name given by sailors to Corunna, the sea-port in Spain. -De Foe, Rob. Crusoe, I. xix. The name appears in the 14th cent., -‘Vocatur <span class='it'>Le Groyne</span>; est in mare ut rostrum porci’, Pol. Poems (Rolls -Ser. i. 112). See <span class='bold'><a href='#groin1'>groin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grubble,</span></span> to grope, feel; ‘Now, let me roll and grubble thee’ (spoken -of a lot which he has taken in his hand, before drawing it out), Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Antonio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='grudgins'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grudgins,</span></span> coarse meal; ‘<span class='it'>Annone</span>, meslin or grudgins, the corne -whereof browne bread is made for the meynie’, Cotgrave; Fletcher and -Rowley, Maid of Mill, iii. 3. 17. Formerly in prov. use in the Midlands -(EDD.). Cp. F. <span class='it'>grugeons</span>, lumps of crystalline sugar in brown sugar; in -Cotgrave ‘the smallest fruit on a tree’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gurgeons'>gurgeons</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grum,</span></span> surly, cross, ‘glum’. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Old -Bellair); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. 1 (Novel). In prov. use in many -parts of England, also in America (Franklin’s Autobiography, 51), see -Century Dict. and EDD. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>grum</span>, proud, haughty (Aasen), -Dan. <span class='it'>grum</span>, fierce, angry.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grumbledory,</span></span> a grumbler, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 -(Carlo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grunter,</span></span> a pig. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). In common prov. -use in the north country (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grunting-cheat,</span></span> a pig; lit. ‘a thing that grunts’; from <span class='it'>cheat</span>, a cant -word used in the general sense of ‘thing’. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 -(Ferret); Harman, Caveat, p. 83; also <span class='it'>gruntling-cheat</span>, Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>grutch,</span></span> to ‘grudge’, repine, murmur. Udall, Paraph. Erasmus, -fo. cccxlv; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 34; ‘I grutche, I repyne agaynst a thyng, -<span class='it'>Je grommelle</span>’, Palsgrave. A Lancashire and E. Anglian word (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>grucche</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3863). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>groucher</span> (OF. <span class='it'>grocer</span>), -‘murmurer’ (La Curne). See Moisy (s.v. Groucher).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gryphon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gryphon,</span></span> a fabulous monster, a kind of lion with an eagle’s head; a -griffin. Milton, P. L. ii. 943; spelt <span class='it'>gryfon</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 8. F. ‘<span class='it'>griffon</span>, -a gripe or griffon’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>G-sol-re-ut,</span></span> in old music, the octave of the lower G or lowest note in -the old scale. It was denoted by the letter G, and sung to the syllable <span class='it'>sol</span> -when it occurred in the second hexachord, which began with C; to the -syllable <span class='it'>re</span> in the third hexachord, which began with F; and to the syllable -<span class='it'>ut</span> when it began the fourth hexachord. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, -c. 11, p. 104.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guard,</span></span> an ornamental border or trimming on a garment. Much Ado, -i. 1. 289. ‘The orig. meaning may have been that of a binding to keep the -edge of the cloth from fraying’, NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='guarish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guarish,</span></span> to cure, heal. Spenser. F. Q. iii. 5. 41; iv. 3. 29. OF. <span class='it'>guarir</span>, -<span class='it'>garir</span> (Gower, Mirour, 2278). O. Prov. <span class='it'>garir</span>, ‘guérir, préserver, sauver’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gubbe,</span></span> a lump, quantity; ‘Some good gubbe of money’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Socrates, § 31; <span class='it'>gubs</span>, pl., ‘gubs of blood’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iii. -632 (Lat. <span class='it'>saniem</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gudgeon,</span></span> a small fish, often used as bait for a larger one; phr. <span class='it'>to swallow</span> -<span class='it'>a gudgeon</span>, to be caught, to be befooled, alluded to in Chapman, Mons. -d’Olive, iv (Mugeron). See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gue,</span></span> a rogue; also, a term of endearment. Given by Nares and NED. -as used by Richard Brathwaite in his <span class='it'>Honest Ghost</span>, in two passages, first, -of a sharper who had taken a purse, secondly, as a term of familiar endearment, -‘I was her ingle, gue, her sparrow bill’, p. 139. The word occurs -in some copies of Webster, White Devil: ‘Pretious gue’, iii. 3. 99 (Lodovico); -ed. Dyce, p. 26. Nares supposes it to be the same word as F. <span class='it'>gueux</span>, a -beggar, a rogue, which conjecture NED. accepts.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guerie, guierie,</span></span> sudden passion; ‘Euery sodain guerie or pangue’, -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 6; ‘This pangue or guierie of loue’, id., -Diogenes, § 112. Only occurs in Udall. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gere2'>gere</a></span> (2) and <span class='bold'><a href='#gere2'>gery</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guerison,</span></span> cure, healing. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 453, l. 13; i. 466. -F. <span class='it'>guérison</span>; OF. <span class='it'>guarison</span>, <span class='it'>garison</span> (Bartsch), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>gariscun</span> (Gower, -Mirour, 420). See <span class='bold'><a href='#guarish'>guarish</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guess;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gesse'>gesse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guidon,</span></span> a flag or pennant, broad near the staff and forked or pointed -at the other end. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 251; Barons’ Wars, bk. ii, st. 24. -F. <span class='it'>guidon</span>, ‘a standard, ensign, or banner under which a troop of men at -arms do serve; also he that bears it’ (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>guydon</span> (Rabelais). O. Prov. -<span class='it'>guidon</span>, <span class='it'>guizon</span>, étendard (Levy); Ital. ‘<span class='it'>guidóne</span>, a guidon, a banner or -cornet’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guie, guy,</span></span> to guide, lead; also <span class='it'>gye</span>, Palsgrave; ‘He guies’, Fairfax, tr. of -Tasso, i. 49; <span class='it'>guide</span> (for <span class='it'>guyed</span>), pt. t., id., i. 63. ME. <span class='it'>gye</span>, to guide (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1950); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>guïer</span> (Ch. Rol.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guisarme,</span></span> a kind of battle-axe or halberd. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -202, back, 23, 29. Norm. F. <span class='it'>guisarme</span>, ‘sorte d’arme, hache ou demi-pique’ -(Didot). See NED. (s.v. Gisarme).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guitonen,</span></span> a lazy beggar. Middleton, Game at Chess, i. 1 (B. Knight). -Span. <span class='it'>guiton</span>, ‘a lazy Beggar, that goes about in the Habit of a Pilgrim, only -to live idle’ (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guives,</span></span> fetters, ‘gyves’. Lord Cromwell, ii. 2. 3. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>guives</span>, <span class='it'>gyves</span> -(French Chron., London, ed. Camden, 89).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gulch,</span></span> to swallow or devour greedily; ‘<span class='it'>Ingorgare</span>, to engurgle, . . . to -gulch’ (Florio); <span class='it'>gulch</span>, a glutton or drunkard, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; -Brewer, Lingua, v. 16; ‘Engorgeur, a glutton, gulch’, Cotgrave. The verb -‘to gulch’ is in prov. use in various parts of England from Yorkshire to -Cornwall (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>gulchen</span> (Ancren Riwle, 240).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gule,</span></span> to redden, to dye red. Heywood, Iron Age, Pt. II, vol. iii, p. 357. -See Dict. (s.v. Gules).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gulfe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gulfe,</span></span> a ‘goaf’, a quantity of hay or corn laid up in a barn. Golding, -Metam. vi. 456 (ed. 1603, fol. 73); ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche as may lye -bytwene two postes, otherwise a baye’, Palsgrave. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gofe'>gofe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gull,</span></span> to swallow, guzzle; ‘I gulle in drinke, as great drinkers do, <span class='it'>je -engoule</span>’, Palsgrave; Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 19; Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xxi. 132. Du. <span class='it'>gullen</span>, ‘to swallow or devoure’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gull,</span></span> a breach made by the force of a torrent, a fissure, chasm. Golding, -Metam. ix. 106; to sweep away by force of running water, ‘And hilles by -force of gulling oft have into sea been worne’, id., xv. 267. An E. Anglian -word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gummed;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#fret'>fret</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gundolet,</span></span> for <span class='it'>gondolet</span>, a small gondola. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 -(Piero). It occurs twice in this scene.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gunny;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#gowndy'>gowndy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gun-hole groat,</span></span> some kind of groat or coin, that seems to have been -prized. The meaning of the epithet is unknown. ‘For gunne-hole grotes -the countrie clowne doth care’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 27; Gascoigne, -ed. Hazlitt, i. 66.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gunstone,</span></span> a stone used for the shot of a cannon or gun. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 10. 19; Hen. V, i. 2. 282; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gup, guep,</span></span> an exclamation of impatience; get along!; ‘Gup! morell, -gup!’, Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). See <span class='bold'><a href='#marry1'>marry gip</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='gurgeons'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gurgeons,</span></span> coarse refuse from flour; ‘The bran usuallie called gurgeons -or pollard’, Harrison, Descr. England, ii. 6 (ed. Furnivall, 154); ‘Gurgions -of meal, <span class='it'>cibarium secundarium</span>’, Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov. use in the -S. Midlands and south-west counties (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#grudgins'>grudgins</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gutter,</span></span> of a stag’s horn; see <span class='bold'><a href='#antlier'>antlier</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Guttide,</span></span> Shrovetide, also, Shrove Tuesday. Middleton, Family of -Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.). ‘Guttit’ is in common prov. use in Cheshire for -Shrovetide; <span class='it'>goodit</span> in Staffordshire. Orig. <span class='it'>good tide</span>, see EDD. (s.v. -Gooddit).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>guzzle,</span></span> a gutter, drain; ‘a narow ditch’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, -Sat. vii. 39; ‘A filthy stinking guzzle or ditch’, Whately, Bride Bush, 114 -(Cent. Dict.). In prov. use in the Midlands, also in Sussex and Wilts., see -EDD. (s.v. Guzzle, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>gymnosophist,</span></span> one of a sect of Hindu philosophers of ascetic habits. -B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles (Merefool); Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 -(Borachia); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 196. Gk. Γυμνοσοφισταί, the naked -philosophers of India (Aristotle).</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='H'>H</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ha'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ha and ree,</span></span> words of command to a horse to direct it. Heywood, -1 Edw. IV (Hobs) (vol. i. 44); <span class='it'>hey and ree</span>, Micro-Cynicon, Halliwell -(s.v. Ree). In prov. use, ree is an exclamation made by the carter to bid -the leading horse of a team to turn or bear to the right, see EDD. (s.v. -Rec, int., also, Hay-ree). In the north country the carters use the phrase -<span class='it'>neither heck nor ree</span>, neither left nor right: ‘He’ll neither heck nor ree’, i.e. -he’ll not obey the word of command, he’s quite unmanageable, see EDD. -(s.v. Heck, int.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hay-ree'>hay-ree</a></span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#hayte'>hayte and ree</a>,</span> also <span class='bold'><a href='#gee'>gee and ree</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hab'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hab,</span></span> to have; <span class='it'>nab</span>, not to have; hence, phr. <span class='it'>by habs and by nabs</span>, at random; -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 2 (Soto). In Somerset and Devon -<span class='it'>hab or nab</span>, by hook or by crook: ‘I’ll ab’m—hab or nab’, I’ll have them -anyhow (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hab-nab'>hab-nab</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haberdash,</span></span> small wares. Spelt <span class='it'>haburdashe</span>, Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1295. ‘Ther haberdashe, Ther pylde pedlarye’, Papist. Exhort. (Nares). -Still in use in Aberdeen (EDD.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>hapertas</span>, the name of a fabric -(Rough List). See Dict. (s.v. Haberdasher).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>habiliment,</span></span> outfit, accoutrement, attire. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 30; -Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura). See <span class='bold'><a href='#abiliments'>abiliments</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>habilitate,</span></span> legally qualified. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 15). -Med. Lat. <span class='it'>habilitare</span>, ‘idoneum, habilem reddere; informare, instituere’ -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>habilitation,</span></span> endowment with ability or fitness; qualification, -training. Bacon, Essay 29, § 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>habilitie,</span></span> ability. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hable, habile,</span></span> ‘able’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 19. See Dict. (s.v. Able).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hab-nab'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hab-nab,</span></span> have or not have, hit or miss; a phrase signifying the -taking one’s chance; ‘Hab-nab’s good’, I take my chance, Ford, Lady’s -Trial, ii. 1 (Fulgoso); at random, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 990. See -EDD. (s.v. Hab, adv., 1). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hab'>hab</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hache,</span></span> axe, hatchet. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2. F. -<span class='it'>hache</span>, an axe, O. Prov. <span class='it'>apcha</span> (Levy); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>heppa</span> (for -*<span class='it'>happi̯a</span>), a sickle; see Schade (s.v. Happâ).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hackle,</span></span> to hack about, to mangle. <span class='it'>Hackled</span>, pp.; North, tr. of Plutarch, -J. Caesar, § 44 (in Shak. Plut., p. 101, n. 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hackster, haxter,</span></span> a hacker, one who hacks; hence, a cut-throat, -bravo, bully. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Monsieur); Hall, Satires, -iv. 4. 60; <span class='it'>haxter</span>, Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Messenger).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hacqueton;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haqueton'>haqueton</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>had I wist,</span></span> if I had but known. A common exclamation of one who -repents too late. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 893; London Prodigal, -iii. 1. 49; Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Nicholas). ME. <span class='it'>hadde I wist</span>: -‘Upon his fortune and his grace Comth “Hadde I wist” ful ofte a place’, -Gower (C. A. i. 1888).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hade,</span></span> a strip of land left unploughed as a boundary line and means of -access between two ploughed portions of a field. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -§ 6; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 222 and 400. In Corpus Coll., Oxford, there is -a Map (date 1615) in which there is a description of certain arable lands -having ‘hades’ of meadow and grass ground lying in the south field of -Eynsham. See EDD. (s.v. Hade, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hæmeræ,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hemeræ,</span></span> pl., ephemera, ephemeral flies, day-flies. -Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1482); scene 10. 124 (W.); p. 171, col. 2 (D.). -For <span class='it'>ephemera</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>ephemera</span>, Gk. ἐφήμερα, neut. pl. of ἐφήμερος, lasting -or living but a day.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hæmony.</span></span> Name given by Milton to an imaginary plant having supernatural -virtues. Milton, Comus, 638. Gk. αἱμώνιος, blood-red (probably -with a theological allusion).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haft,</span></span> to use shifts, haggle. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1698; to cheat, id., -Bowge of Courte, 521; hence <span class='it'>hafter</span>, a cheat, thief; id., Bowge of Courte, -138. Cp. Yorkshire word ‘heft’ in the sense of deceit, dissimulation, -see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hafter,</span></span> a wrangler; ‘<span class='it'>Vitilitigator</span>, an hafter, a wrangler, a quarreller’, -Gouldman, Dict., 1678; so Baret, 1580.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hag,</span></span> to trouble as the nightmare. Drayton, Heroic Ep. (Wks. ed. -1748, p. 108); spelt <span class='it'>haggue</span>, to vex, worry. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, -§ 95.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haggard,</span></span> a wild female hawk, caught when in her adult plumage. -Much Ado, iii. 1. 36; wild, intractable, inexperienced, B. Jonson, Magn. -Lady, iii. 3 (Compass); Othello, iii. 3. 260; ‘I teach my haggard and unreclaimed -Reason to stoop unto the lure of Faith’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Med. (ed. Greenhill, 19). F. <span class='it'>hagard</span>, ‘hagard, wild, unsociable’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hailse,</span></span> to salute, greet; ‘I haylse or greete’, Palsgrave; ‘Wee hadde -haylsed eche other’, Robinson, tr. of Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 30). Icel. -<span class='it'>heilsa</span>, to salute.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haine, hayne,</span></span> a miser, a penurious person, a mean wretch. Skelton, -Bowge of Courte, 327; Udall, tr. Apoph., Aristippus, § 22, Diogenes, § 106; -Levins, Manipulus, 200; hence, <span class='it'>haynyarde</span>, a mean wretch, Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1748. ME. <span class='it'>heyne</span>, a wretch (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1319).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hair:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>against the hair</span>, against the grain, contrary to nature. -Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (end); Mayor of Queenborough, -iii. 2 (1 Lady); Merry Wives, ii. 3. 42.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hala;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#helo'>heloe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hale, hall,</span></span> a place roofed over, a pavilion, tent, booth; ‘Hall, a long -tent in a felde, <span class='it'>tente</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘He would set up his hals and tentes’, -North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 5 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161, n. 8). -ME. <span class='it'>hale</span>, ‘papilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 211, see note, no. 961). OF. <span class='it'>hale</span> -(F. <span class='it'>halle</span>), a covered market-place.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hale2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hale and ho,</span></span> pull and cry ho!, a cry of sailors at work. Morte Arthur, -leaf 118, back, 13; bk. vii, c. 15. ME. <span class='it'>halyn</span> or drawyn, ‘traho’ (Prompt. -EETS. 230).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>half-acre,</span></span> a small piece of ground, without reference to the exact size -of the field; ‘Tom Tankard’s cow . . . flinging about his halfe-aker’, -Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (see note on P. Plowman, C. ix. 2, p. 156). -At Yarnton, near Oxford, a ‘half-acre’, pronounced <span class='it'>habaker</span>, is a term -employed for half a lot of an allotment, see EDD. (s.v. Half, 6 (1)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='halfendeale'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>halfendeale,</span></span> half, half-part. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 53. A Somerset -word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>halvendel</span>, the half part of a thing (Chaucer, Tr. and -Cr. v. 335). OE. <span class='it'>healfan dǣl</span>, the half ‘deal’ or part.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>half-pace;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#halpace'>halpace</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>halidom:</span></span> orig. the holy relics upon which oaths were sworn; the -ancient formula being ‘as helpe me God and halidome’; altered later to -‘by my halidome’, which was subsequently used by itself as a weak -asseveration. Taming Shrew, v. 2. 100; Hen. VIII, v. 1. 117. In old -edds. of Shaks. we find <span class='it'>holydam</span>(<span class='it'>e</span> due to association with <span class='it'>dame</span>, the phrase -being popularly taken as equivalent to ‘By our Lady’; see NED. OE. -<span class='it'>hāligdōm</span>, holiness, a holy place, a holy relic.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hallowmas,</span></span> the feast of All Hallows, or All Saints, Nov. 1. Spelt -<span class='it'>Hallomas</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 1 (<span class='it'>Hallontide</span>, id., § 21. 1); Meas. for -Meas. ii. 1. 128; Richard II, v. 1. 80. In prov. use in Scotland; also in -Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Hallow (7)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='halpace'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>halpace,</span></span> a high step or raised floor. Hall, Chron. (ed. 1809, p. 606); -‘On the altar an halpas . . . and on the halpas stood twelve images’, -Holinshed, Chron. iii. 857; also, through popular etymology <span class='it'>half-pace</span>, the -uppermost step before the choir of a church, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, 98). F. (16th cent.) <span class='it'>hault pas</span> (<span class='it'>haut pas</span>), high step.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='halse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>halse, haulse,</span></span> to embrace. Pt. t. <span class='it'>haulst</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 49; -‘I halse one, I take hym aboute the necke, <span class='it'>je accolle</span>’, Palsgrave. See EDD. -(s.v. Halse, vb. 9). ME. <span class='it'>halsyn</span>, ‘amplector’ (Prompt.), deriv. of <span class='it'>hals</span>, the -neck, OE. <span class='it'>heals</span> (<span class='it'>hals</span>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hause'>hause</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haltersack,</span></span> a gallows-bird, rascal. Beaumont and Fl., King and No -King, ii. 2 (1 Cit. Wife); Knt. of B. Pestle, i. 3 (Citizen). Gascoigne, -Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hame,</span></span> a haulm, stalk; straw. Golding, Metam. i. 492; fol. 9 (1603); -also <span class='it'>hawme</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 15. In gen. prov. use in numerous -forms, see EDD. (s.v. Haulm). ME. <span class='it'>halme</span>, or stobyl, ‘stipula’ (Prompt. -EETS. 212). OE. <span class='it'>healm</span> (Anglian <span class='it'>halm</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hamper up,</span></span> to fasten up, make fast. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 3 (750); -scene 6. 136 (W.); p. 162, col. 2 (D.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>han,</span></span> <span class='it'>pres. pl.</span> have. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. This plural form -is still in prov. use from Yorkshire to Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. Have). -ME. <span class='it'>han</span>: ‘Thei han Moyses and the prophetis’ (Wyclif, Luke xvi. 29); -<span class='it'>hafen</span> (Lamb. Hom. 59). OE. <span class='it'>habben</span> (<span class='it'>hæbben</span>), pres. pl. subj. (Wright, -OE. Gram., § 538).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hand:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to hand with</span>, to go hand in hand with, to concur; ‘Let -but my power and means hand with my will’, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1 -(Grimaldi).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hand over head,</span></span> inconsiderately, recklessly, hastily, indiscriminately; -‘They ran in amongst them hand over head’, North, tr. of Plutarch, -M. Brutus, § 28 (in Shak. Plut., p. 141, n. 3); cp. Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. ix, ch. 51, st. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Hand, 2 (8)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hands:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to shake hands with</span>, to bid farewell to, to say good-bye to; -‘I have shaken hands with delight’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. (ed. -Greenhill, 66); ‘To shake hands with labour for ever’, Harrison in -Holinshed (ed. 1807, i. 314). [Cp. Charles Lamb in Elia, Early Rising, -‘He has shaken hands with the world’s business, has done with it.’]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>handsel, hansel,</span></span> a gift or present, as an omen of good luck or an -expression of good wishes. Dunbar, New Year’s Gift, iii. As <span class='it'>vb.</span>, to use for -the first time, ‘My lady . . . is so ravished with desire to hansel her new -coach’, Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (Touchstone). The verb ‘to hansel’, meaning -‘to use a thing for the first time’ is very common in prov. use in Scotland, -and in various parts of England fr. Northumberland to Cornwall, see -EDD. (s.v. Handsel, vb. 12).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>handwolf,</span></span> a tame wolf, wolf brought up by hand. Beaumont and -Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iv. 1 (Amintor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>handydandy,</span></span> a children’s game, in which one child conceals something -between the hands, and the other guesses in which hand it is. -‘Handy dandy, prickly prandy, which hand will you have?’ Chapman, -Blind Beggar, p. 6. See EDD. (s.v. Handy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hane'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hane,</span></span> a ‘<span class='it'>khan</span>’, an Eastern inn (unfurnished); a caravanserai; ‘<span class='it'>Hanes</span> -to entertain travellers’; Howell, Foreign Travell, Appendix, p. 84; ‘<span class='it'>Hanes</span> -for the relief of Travellers’, Sandys, Travels, p. 57 (Nares). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cane'>cane</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hang-by,</span></span> a hanger-on, a dependant. Gosson, School of Abuse, ed. -Arber, p. 40; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 2 (Orleans). -In prov. use in W. Yorks.; see EDD. (s.v. Hang, vb. 1 (5)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hanger,</span></span> a loop or strap or a sword-belt from which the sword was -hung. Hamlet, i. 2. 157; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hank,</span></span> a hold, a power of check or restraint; ‘I have a hank upon -you’, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). In prov. use in various -parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hank, sb.<sup>1</sup> 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hans-in-kelder,</span></span> a familiar term for an unborn infant. Dryden, -Wild Gallant, v. 2; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, v. 6 (Sir Simon); -Marvell, The Character of Holland, 66. See Stanford. Dutch <span class='it'>Hans in -Kelder</span>, lit. ‘Jack in Cellar’, an unborn child; cp. the Swabian toast -<span class='it'>Hänschen im Keller soll leben</span>, ‘dies sagt man bei dem Gesundheit-trinken -auf eine schwangere Frau’ (Birlinger); Bremen dial. <span class='it'>Hänsken im Keller</span> -(Wtb.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>happily,</span></span> perhaps, possibly. Titus Andron. iv. 3. 8; Hamlet, i. 1. -134; ii. 2. 402.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='haqueton'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haqueton, hacqueton,</span></span> a stuffed jacket worn under armour. Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 8. 38. ME. <span class='it'>aketoun</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2050); OF. <span class='it'>auqueton</span>, <span class='it'>alquetun</span>, -O. Prov. <span class='it'>alcoton</span>, ‘hoqueton, casaque rembourrée, originairement en coton’ -(Levy); Span. <span class='it'>algodon</span>, Port. <span class='it'>algodão</span>, cotton, Arab, <span class='it'>al-qotun</span>, see Dozy, -Glossaire, 127.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='haras'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haras, harres,</span></span> a stud of horses; troop, collection. Skelton, Against -Garnesche, ed. Dyce, i. 128; l. 77. OF. <span class='it'>haras</span>, a stud of horses (Hatzfeld); -Med. L. <span class='it'>haracium</span>, ‘armentum equorum et jumentorum’ (Ducange). Arab. -<span class='it'>faras</span>, horse; cp. O. Span. <span class='it'>alfaras</span>, ‘cavallo generoso’; see Dozy, 108.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harass,</span></span> harassment, devastation. Milton, Samson, 257.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='harborough'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harborough,</span></span> ‘harbour’, shelter. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19; -Tanered and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 85. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#herberow'>herberow</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harborowe,</span></span> to lodge; to track a stag to his harbour or covert. A -hunting term. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 6; <span class='it'>harbord</span>, pp. -lodged, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311, l. 6. See Dict. -(s.v. Harbour).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hardel,</span></span> a hurdle; ‘Hardels made of stickes’, Golding, Metam. i. 122; -fol. 2, bk. (1603); a kind of frame or sledge on which traitors used to be -drawn through the streets to execution, ‘Upon an hardle or sled’, Harrison, -Desc. England, ii. 11 (ed. Furnivall, 222).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hardocks'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hardocks,</span></span> some kind of wild flowers. In King Lear, iv. 4. 4 (ed. 1623), -Lear is ‘Crown’d . . . with Hardokes, Hemlocke, Nettles, Cuckoo flowres, -Darnell, and all the idle weedes that grow In our sustaining Corne.’ As -<span class='it'>Hardokes</span> are not known, I suggest that the right word is <span class='it'>Hawdods</span>; indeed, -the quartos have <span class='it'>hordocks</span>. The <span class='it'>hawdod</span> (described by Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -1534) is the beautiful blue cornflower, the most showy and attractive -of all the flowers that grow in the corn; see EDD. The prefix <span class='it'>haw</span> -means ‘blue’, see NED.; from OE. <span class='it'>hǣwe</span>, blue.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hare:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>there goeth the hare</span>, ‘That’s the direction in which the hare -goes, that is the way to follow up’, New Custom, ii. 3 (Perverse Doctrine); -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 39; ‘<span class='it'>Hic labor, hoc opus est</span>, there goeth the hare -away’, Stubbes, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 70).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hare,</span></span> to frighten, scare. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Dame Turfe). -In prov. use in Oxfordshire and the south country, see EDD. (s.v. Hare, -vb.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harlock,</span></span> an unknown flower; perhaps for <span class='it'>hawdod</span>, the blue cornflower. -Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 34. <span class='it'>Harlocks</span> is a conjectural -emendation for <span class='it'>hardokes</span> in King Lear, iv. 4. 4. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hardocks'>hardocks</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harlot,</span></span> a vagabond, rascal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 74. 4; Coriol. iii. 2. -112. ME. <span class='it'>harlot</span>, a person of low birth, a ribald, rogue, rascal (Chaucer), -see Dict. M. and S.; OF. <span class='it'>herlot</span>, <span class='it'>arlot</span>, ribaud (Godefroy); O. Prov. <span class='it'>arlot</span>, -‘gueux, ribaud’ (Levy). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='harman-beck'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harman-beck,</span></span> a constable. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 -(Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hartmans'>hartmans</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harness,</span></span> the defensive or body armour of a man-at-arms; the defensive -equipment of a horseman. Macbeth, v. 5. 52; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Kings xx. 11; xxii. -34; ‘I can remember that I buckled his [the King’s] harness when he -went into Blackheath field’, Latimer, Sermon, p. 101; see Bible Word-Book. -ME. <span class='it'>harneys</span>, armour (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1006). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harnest,</span></span> harnessed, armed. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harpè,</span></span> a falchion, scimitar. Heywood, Silver Age, A. i (Perseus); -vol. iii, p. 92. From Ovid, Met. v. 69, 176. L. <span class='it'>harpē</span>; Gk. ἅρπη, a sickle, -a scimitar.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harper, harp-shilling,</span></span> a coin having on the reverse an Irish harp, -and worth only 9<span class='it'>d.</span> in English money; ‘Your shilling proved but a harper’, -Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Cripple), vol. i, p. 26; ‘A plain harp-shilling’, -Greene, King James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). And see Webster, Sir -T. Wyatt, ed. Dyce, p. 197, col. 1 (bottom).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harre,</span></span> a hinge, of a door or gate; ‘Chardonnerau, a harre of a doore’, -Cotgrave; <span class='it'>out of harre</span>, off its hinge, out of joint, Skelton. Magnyfycence, -921. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Harr, 3). ME. -<span class='it'>Harre</span> of a dore, ‘carde’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. <span class='it'>heorr</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harres;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haras'>haras</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Harrington,</span></span> a farthing; as coined by Harrington (1613); ‘I will not -bate a Harrington of the sum’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer). -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='harriot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harriot,</span></span> a heriot; a payment to the lord of a manor, due on the death -of a tenant. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); ‘A heriot or -homage’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, letter 38, § 2 (1621). OE. <span class='it'>heregeatwe</span>, -lit. military equipments. See Dict. (s.v. Heriot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harrolize,</span></span> to ‘heraldise’, act as a herald, emblazon arms; ‘He harrolized -well’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 35, st. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harrot,</span></span> a ‘herald’. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Sogliardo); -Case is altered, iv. 4 (near the end). OF. <span class='it'>heraut</span>, <span class='it'>herault</span>. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harrow,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, a cry of distress. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 43. ME. ‘I wol -crye out harrow and alas’, Chaucer (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3286); Norm. F. <span class='it'>harou</span>, ‘Le cri -ou la clameur de <span class='it'>haro</span> ou de <span class='it'>harou</span> était un appel public à la justice et à la -protection’ (Moisy); see Didot.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>harrow,</span></span> to subdue, despoil. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 40. Used with reference -to Christ’s ‘Harrowing of Hell’, or despoiling it by the rescue thence -of the patriarchs, &c., as described in the pseudo-gospel of Nicodemus. -See the passage from Legenda Aurea, cap. liv, quoted in Notes to P. Plowman, -C. xxi. 261 (pp. 410, 411).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Harry-groat,</span></span> a groat of Henry VIII. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, i. 2 (Young Loveless); Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); Mayne, City -Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hart of grece,</span></span> a fat hart; ‘Eche of them slewe a harte of grece’, -Adam Bell, 105 (Child’s Ballads, p. 251); Ballad of Robin Hood and the -Curtal Fryar (Child’s Ballads, p. 299). See Nares (s.v. Greece).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hart-of-ten,</span></span> a hart having as many as ten points on each horn, and -therefore full-grown; ‘The total number of points, counting all the tines, -is ten’, Cent. Dict. (s.v. Antler); ‘Whan an hart hath fourched, and then -auntlere ryall and surryall, and forched on the one syde, and troched on -that other syde, than is he an hert of .X. and the more’, Venery de Twety, -in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 151; ‘An Hart of tenne’, Gascoigne, Art of -Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hartmans'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hartmans, harmans,</span></span> the stocks. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Song); ‘The harmans, the stockes’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#harman-beck'>harman-beck</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haskard,</span></span> a base, vulgar fellow. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 606; id., -Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, 24. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haske,</span></span> a rush or wicker basket. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16 (explained -as ‘a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish’); ‘<span class='it'>Cavagna</span>, a fishers -basket, or haske’, Florio. See NED. (s.v. Hask).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hatch,</span></span> a half-door, wicket with an open space above; ‘Ore [o’er] the -hatch’, King John, i. 1. 171; ‘Take the hatch’ (jump over it), King Lear, -iii. 6. 76; ‘As hound at hatch’ (i.e. like a dog set to watch the door’), Turbervile, -The Lover to Cupid, st. 12 from end.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hatched'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hatched,</span></span> inlaid, or ornamented on the surface with gold or silver -work; ‘My sword well hatch’d’, Fletcher, Bonduca, ii. 2 (Junius); iii. 5; -‘hatched hilts’, Valentinian, ii. 2. 7; deeply marked, Beaumont and Fl., -Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Antigonus); Custom of the Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); -marked with lines like a thing engraved, marked with lines of -white hair, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 65; ‘hatched in silver’, Shirley, Love in -a Maze, ii. 2 (Simple).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hatchel,</span></span> to comb flax or hemp with a ‘hatchel’. Heywood, Rape of -Lucrece, ii. 3 (Song); ‘<span class='it'>Serancer</span>, to hatchel flax, &c., to comb, or dress it -on an iron comb’, Cotgrave. A Cheshire word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hate,</span></span> for <span class='it'>ha’ it</span>, have it. Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 141. Spelt <span class='it'>ha ’t</span>, riming -with <span class='it'>gate</span>; Parliament of Bees, character 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hatter,</span></span> to bruise, batter; <span class='it'>hatter out</span>, to wear out, exhaust with fatigue. -Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 371. In prov. use in Scotland and various -parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='haught'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haught,</span></span> lofty, haughty. Richard III, ii. 3. 28; Marlowe, Edw. II, -iii. 2 (Baldock); <span class='it'>haulte</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 2, § 1; ch. 5, -§ 2; <span class='it'>haut</span>, high-sounding, ‘The haut Castilian tongue’, Middleton, Span. -Gipsy, ii. 2 (Pedro). OF. <span class='it'>haut</span>, <span class='it'>halt</span>, high.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haulse;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#halse'>halse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haulte;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haught'>haught</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haunt,</span></span> to practise habitually. Tusser, Husbandry, § 67 (ed. 1878, -p. 155). In ME. ‘to haunt’, reflex., was used in the sense of ‘to accustom’ -or ‘exercise oneself’, ‘Haunte thi silf to pitee’ (Wyclif, 1 Tim. iv. 7). -Norm. F. <span class='it'>hanter</span>, ‘aller habituellement en un lieu’ (Moisy). Icel. <span class='it'>heimta</span>, -to bring home the sheep in autumn from the summer pastures; see -Icel. Dict. (s.v. ii. 3). Cp. the use of the verb ‘to haunt’ in the New -Forest, to accustom cattle to repair to a certain spot, see EDD. (s.v. -Haunt, 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hause'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hause,</span></span> to embrace; ‘I will say nothing of hausing and kissing’, -Bernard, tr. of Terence, Heauton, v. 1 (NED.). A north-country pronunciation; -see EDD. (s.v. Halse, 9). See <span class='bold'><a href='#halse'>halse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hauster,</span></span> gullet (?); ‘Crack in thy throat and hauster too’, Grim -the Collier, iv. 1 (Grim).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haut;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#haught'>haught</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hauzen,</span></span> to embrace. Peele, Hon. Order of the Garter, l. 5, ed. Dyce, -p. 585. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hause'>hause</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>havell,</span></span> a low fellow; a term of reproach. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to -Courte, 94, 604. Also spelt <span class='it'>hawvel</span> (NED.). Origin of the word unknown.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>having,</span></span> possession, property. Merry Wives, iii. 2. 73; Twelfth Nt. iii. -4. 379. <span class='it'>Havings</span>, pl. wealth; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Asotus). -‘Havings’, possessions, still in use in Yorks. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haviour,</span></span> possession, wealth; <span class='it'>havoir</span>, Holland, Livy, xxiii. 41; <span class='it'>havour</span>, -Warner, Albion’s England, xvi. 164; ‘<span class='it'>Havoire</span>, possession.’ ME. <span class='it'>havure</span>, -or havynge of catel or oþer goodys, ‘averium’ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>aveir</span>, -property (Moisy); <span class='it'>avoir</span>, property, goods (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haviour,</span></span> ‘behaviour’; ‘Her heavenly haveour’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., -April, 66; Merry Wives, i. 3. 86; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 226. See Dict. (s.v. -Behaviour).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>havok:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to cry havok</span>, to give the signal for the pillage of a captured -town; ‘They . . . did do crye hauok upon all the tresours of Troyes’, -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 175. 7; Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 273. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>crier -havok</span> (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1385), OF. <span class='it'>crier havo</span> (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1150), see NED. (s.v. Havoc).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hawdod,</span></span> the corn bluebottle, <span class='it'>Centaurea cyanus</span>. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -§ 20. 28; <span class='it'>haudoddes</span>, pl., id., § 20. 4. Cp. OE. <span class='it'>hǣwe</span>, blue (in Erfurt -Gl. <span class='it'>hāwi</span>), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 596. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hardocks'>hardocks</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hawker,</span></span> to act as a hawker, to haggle. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 620.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to carry hay on one’s horn</span>, to be mad or dangerous; from -an ox apt to gore whose horns were bound about with hay; cp. Horace, -Sat. i. 4. Herrick, Hesper. Oberon’s Pal., 176.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay, hey,</span></span> a hedge. Thersites, ed. Pollard, 1. 155; ‘A hay (implieth) -a dead fence that may be made one yeere and pulled downe another’, -Norden, Survey in Harrison’s England (NED.). In E. Anglia a ‘hey’ is -the term used for a clipped quickset hedge. ME. <span class='it'>hay</span>, a hedge (Chaucer, -Rom. Rose, 54). OE. <span class='it'>hege</span>, ‘sepes’ (Ælfric); cp. OF. <span class='it'>haie</span>, hedge (Rom. -Rose, 50).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay, hey,</span></span> a country-dance, of the nature of a reel; ‘The antic hay’, -Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1 (Gaveston); Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Henry); -‘Rounds and winding Heyes’, Davies, Orchestra, lxiv (Arber, Garner, v. 39).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hay'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, a term in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 -(Bobadil); a home-thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27. Ital. <span class='it'>hai</span>, thou hast (Florio); -cp. L. <span class='it'>habet</span>; exclaimed when a gladiator was wounded.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hay-de-guy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay-de-guy</span> (<span class='bold'>-guise</span>)<span class='bold'>,</span></span> a kind of ‘hay’ or dance. <span class='it'>Heydeguyes</span>, pl., -Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 27; ‘We nightly dance our hey-day-guise’, -Robin Goodfellow, 102, in Percy’s Reliques (ed. 1887, iii. 204). In -Somerset and Dorset the word is used for merriment, high spirits, rough -play, see EDD. (s.v. Haydigees).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haye,</span></span> a net for catching rabbits. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly); -Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 14. <span class='it'>Hay-net</span> is still in use in Kent and E. -Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>hay</span>, nete to take conyys, ‘cassis’ (Prompt. EETS. -211).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hay-ree'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hay-ree,</span></span> a carter’s cry in urging on his horses. Nash, Summer’s Last -Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. In prov. use in Derbyshire -(EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#ha'>ha and ree</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hayte'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hayte and ree,</span></span> words used by a carter in urging on or directing his -horses. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, ii. 1 (Clown) (vol. ii, 384). -In Yorkshire the carters say ‘hite’ and ‘ree’, as calls to the horse to -turn to left or right, see EDD. (s.v. Hait). ‘Hait’ is in gen. prov. use in -Scotland and England, as a call to urge horses or other animals to go on -(id.). ME. <span class='it'>hayt</span>: ‘<span class='it'>Hayt</span>, Brok!, <span class='it'>hayt</span>, Scot!’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1543). Cp. -Swed. dial. <span class='it'>häjt</span>, a cry to the ox or horse to turn to the left. Rietz (s.v. -Hit).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haytye,</span></span> defiance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 301, 17 (rendering of -<span class='it'>ahatine</span> in the F. text). F. <span class='it'>aatie</span>, <span class='it'>ahatie</span>, ‘haine, querelle, provocation, -engagement, lutte’ (Partonop. de Blois, 9585), also <span class='it'>aatine</span>, <span class='it'>ahatine</span>, from -<span class='it'>ahatir</span> (<span class='it'>aatir</span>), ‘se hâter, s’engager à un combat, accepter une provocation’ -(Chron. des ducs de Normandie); see Ducange. Cp. <span class='it'>s’ahastir</span>, ‘se hâter’ -(Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>haze,</span></span> for <span class='it'>ha ’s</span> = have us. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4. 7; iv. 3 (Roister).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hazelwood.</span></span> ‘Yea, hazelwood!’ (meaning, ‘why, of course!’), Gascoigne, -in Hazlitt’s ed., ii. 23, 285. The exclamation implies that the -information given is of a very simple description, and that the hearer -knows a great deal more of the matter than the informant. In Chaucer’s -Tr. and Cr. iii. 890, there occurs the fuller form, ‘Ye, haselwodes shaken’, -i.e. Yea, hazelwoods shake (when the wind blows); in the same poem, -v. 505, ‘Ye, haselwode!’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>head,</span></span> intellect, person, a favourite word with Sir T. Browne, ‘Every -Age has its Lucian, whereof common Heads must not hear’, Rel. Med. -(ed. Greenhill, 36).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>headless hood.</span></span> In Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 96, we find: ‘So -vainely t’aduance thy headless hood.’ Here <span class='it'>hood</span>, i.e. state, condition, is -the usual suffix <span class='it'>-hood</span>, used as if it could be detached. ‘Explained in the -Globe ed., followed by recent Dicts., as = <span class='it'>heedlesshood</span>’, but Spenser elsewhere -always distinguishes between <span class='it'>headless</span> and <span class='it'>heedless</span>, NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='heal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heal,</span></span> to cover; ‘Heal, to cover, to heal a house’, ‘to heal the fire’, -‘to heal a person in bed’, Ray, S. and E. Country Words (1674). See -EDD. (s.v. Heal, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>helen</span>, to hide, conceal (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2279). -OE. <span class='it'>helian</span>, to hide. See <span class='bold'><a href='#unhele'>unhele</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heale,</span></span> health. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (ed. Arber, 46); well-being, -prosperity, Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 768. In prov. -use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Heal, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>hele</span>, health, -recovery, safety (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). OE. <span class='it'>hǣlo</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hear ill,</span></span> to be ill spoken of. B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 6 (end); Dedication -of Volpone. A Greek idiom, cp. κακῶς ἀκούειν, to be ill spoken of.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heardgroom, herdgroom,</span></span> a shepherd-lad. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Feb., 35. Copied from Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1225 (‘Thise litel herdegromes’).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hearse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hearse,</span></span> a structure of wood used in noble funerals, decorated with -banners, heraldic devices, and lighted candles, on which it was customary -for friends to pin short poems or epitaphs; ‘Underneath this sable -hearse’, B. Jonson, Epit. on the Countess of Pembroke; Middleton, -Women beware, iii. 2 (Livia); a coffin on a bier, Richard III, i. 2. 2. -See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heart at grass:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take heart at grasse</span>; ‘Rise, therefore, Euphues, -and take heart at grasse, younger thou shalt never bee, plucke up thy -stomacke’, Lyly, Euphues (Nares); Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, 24. -See Nares (s.v. Heart of grace).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heart of grace:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take heart of grace</span>; ‘His absence gave him so -much heart of grace’, Harington, Ariosto, xxii. 37; ‘Take heart of grace, -man’, Ordinary (Nares). See Nares (s.v. Grace, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heart-breaker,</span></span> a lovelock, a curl; jocosely. Butler, Hudibras, -pt. i, c. 1, 253.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heautarit,</span></span> quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. -<span class='it'>ʿuṭârid</span>, the planet Mercury; also, quicksilver (Steingass).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heave a bough,</span></span> rob a booth or shop. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘<span class='it'>To heve a bough</span>, to robbe or rifle a boeweth [booth]’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 84.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heave and ho,</span></span> a cry of sailors in heaving the anchor, &c.; hence, -with might and main; ‘With heaue and hoaw on Bacchus name they -shout’, Phaer, Aeneid vii, 389; ‘Heue and how’, Skelton, Bowge of -Courte, 252.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heben,</span></span> ebony; ‘<span class='it'>Hebene</span>, Heben or Ebony, the black and hard wood -of a certain tree growing in Aethiopia and the East Indies’, Cotgrave; -<span class='it'>heben wood</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37. L. <span class='it'>hebenus</span>, Gk. ἔβενος, the ebony tree; -cp. Heb. <span class='it'>hobnîm</span>, billets of ebony (Ezek. xxvii. 15).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hebenon,</span></span> name given to some substance having a poisonous juice, -Hamlet, i. 5. 62; <span class='it'>hebon</span>, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iii. 4 (Barabas). Cp. -Gower, C. A. iv. 3017, ‘Bordes Of hebenus that slepi Tree’, borrowed -from Ovid, Metam. xi. 610 ff., ‘Torus est ebeno sublimis . . . Quo cubat -ipse deus membris languore solutis.’</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hecco,</span></span> the woodpecker; ‘The laughing hecco’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 80; -‘The sharp-neb’d hecco’, The Owl, 206. Cp. Glouc. <span class='it'>heckwall</span>, see EDD. -(s.v. Hickwall).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heckfer,</span></span> a heifer. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 811; ‘Heckfare, <span class='it'>bucula</span>’, -Levins, Manip. ME. <span class='it'>hekfere</span>, ‘juvenca’ (Prompt.); ‘buccula, juvenca’ -(Voc. 758. 3). Formerly in prov. use in the north country and in -E. Anglia, but now obsolete, see EDD. (s.v. Heifer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heedling,</span></span> headlong. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘To tumble a man -heedlinge down the hyll’, Cranmer, Pref. to Bible; precipitately, ‘His -armie flying headling back againe’, Knolles, Hist. Turks (ed. 1621, 170).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heft,</span></span> weight. Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 15. Hence, stress, need, -<span class='it'>emergency</span>; ‘Forsooke each other at the greatest heft’, Ferrex, st. 5. In -common prov. use in the midland and southern counties: it means weight, -esp. the weight of a thing as ascertained by lifting it in the hand, see EDD. -(s.v. Heft, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heggue,</span></span> a hag, malicious female sprite; ‘Heggues that are seen in the -feldes by night like Fierbrandes’, Arber, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 23; -‘The ayery heggs’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 31.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heir,</span></span> to be heir to, to inherit. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 714; -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 161.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hell,</span></span> the ‘den’ for prisoners in the games of Barley-break and Prison-bars; -‘Here’s the last couple in hell’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, -v. 4 (Elder Loveless). See <span class='bold'><a href='#barley-break'>barley-break</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hell-waine,</span></span> a phantom wagon, seen in the sky at night. Middleton, -The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); R. Scott, Disc. Witchcraft, vii. 15 (ed. 1886, 122). -In the Netherlands the Great Bear is called <span class='it'>Hellewagen</span>, see Grimm, Teut. -Myth. 802.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helm,</span></span> the helmet or head of a still. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helm,</span></span> a handle. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 312. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helmster,</span></span> the tiller of a helm. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 571.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='helo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helo</span></span>(<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>e, healo,</span></span> bashful; ‘<span class='it'>Il est né tout coiffé</span>, hee is verie maidenlie, -shamfaced, heloe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611); ‘<span class='it'>Honteux</span>, shamefast, bashful, helo, -modest’, id.; ‘<span class='it'>Heloe</span> or <span class='it'>helaw</span>, bashful, a word of common use’, Ray, North -Country Words, 25; <span class='it'>hala</span>, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 (Lolpool). In -common prov. use in the north country as far south as Cheshire and -Derbysh. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>helops,</span></span> a savoury sea-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 13. L. -<span class='it'>helops</span>, <span class='it'>ellops</span>; Gk. ἔλλοψ. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ellops'>ellops</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hempstring,</span></span> a worthless fellow; a term of reproach, with reference -to a halter. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 2 (Psiteria); ‘A perfect young hemp-string’, -Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, v. 1 (Vaumont). In Scotland (Forfarsh.) -a hangman’s halter is called a hempstring (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hemule, hemuse,</span></span> a roebuck in its third year. <span class='it'>Hemule</span>, Book of St. -Albans, fol. E4, back; <span class='it'>hemuse</span>, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45, p. 143. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hench-boy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hench-boy,</span></span> a page. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.); Randolph, -Muses’ Looking Glass, i. 4 (Mrs. Flowerdew); <span class='it'>hinch-boy</span>, B. Jonson, Gipsies -Metamorphosed (Song). Cp. <span class='it'>henchman</span>, a page, Mids. Nt. D. ii. 1. 121; ‘A -henchman or henchboy, <span class='it'>page d’honneur, qui marche devant quelque Seigneur de -grand authorité</span> (Sherwood).’ See Prompt. EETS. (note, no. 999).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hend,</span></span> to hold, grasp. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 27; to cast, hurl, Mirror for -Mag., Brennus, st. 83. OE. <span class='it'>ge-hendan</span>, to hold in the hand.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hent,</span></span> to seize, lay hold of. Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 133; pt. t. <span class='it'>hent</span>, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 2. 1; pp. <span class='it'>hent</span>, occupied, Meas. for Measure, iv. 6. 14; caught, taken, -Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 553. ME. <span class='it'>hente</span>, to seize (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> -3347); OE. <span class='it'>hentan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>her,</span></span> their. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 160; Sept., 39. ME. <span class='it'>here</span> (<span class='it'>her</span>) of -them, their (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>hira</span>; see Dict. M. and S.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herber,</span></span> a green plot, flower-garden. Lusty Juventus, Song after Prologue, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 46. ME. <span class='it'>herber</span>, a garden (Chaucer, Tr. and -Cr. ii. 1705); an arbour (Leg. G. W. 203). See Dict. (s.v. Arbour).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='herberow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herberow,</span></span> a lodging, shelter. Morte Arthur, leaf 77. 11; bk. iv, c. -25; <span class='it'>herborowe</span>, v., to lodge, provide shelter for, id., lf. 90, back, 19; bk. v, -c. 11. ME. <span class='it'>herberwe</span>, a lodging, shelter; an inn; a harbour (Chaucer). Icel. -<span class='it'>herbergi</span>, lit. army-shelter. See <span class='bold'><a href='#harborough'>harborough</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herden,</span></span> made of hards or fibres of flax. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 118. -In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Harden, sb.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heriot;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#harriot'>harriot</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herneshaw,</span></span> a young heron. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 9; ‘<span class='it'>Heronceau</span>, an -hernshawe’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>hernesewe</span>, Golding, Metam. xiv. 580; <span class='it'>heronsew</span>, Disobedient -Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 282. For numerous prov. pronunciations -of the word, which is in common use from the north country to -Kent, see EDD. (s.v. Heronsew). ME. <span class='it'>heronsewe</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 68); -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>herouncel</span> (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herring-bones,</span></span> stitches arranged in a zigzag pattern. Marston, -Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 20.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hersall,</span></span> rehearsal. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 18.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>herse,</span></span> a harrow triangular in form; ‘The archers ther (at the battle -of Creçy) stode in maner of a herse’ (i.e. drawn up in a triangular formation), -Berners, tr. of Froissart, c. cxxx. F. <span class='it'>herce</span>, a harrow (Cotgr.); Ital. -<span class='it'>erpice</span>; L. <span class='it'>hirpex</span> (<span class='it'>irpex</span>). See Dict. (s.v. Hearse).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hery, herry,</span></span> to praise, honour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 13; Shep. Kal., -Feb., 62; Nov., 10; <span class='it'>herried</span>, pret., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 347. ME. -<span class='it'>herie</span>, to praise (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1672); OE. <span class='it'>herian</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hesperides,</span></span> the garden of the Hesperides; ‘Trees in the Hesperides’, -L. L. L. iv. 3. 341; ‘the plot Hesperides’, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 56; -p. 90, col. 1; ‘The garden called Hesperides’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 -(1168); scene 9. 82 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hew,</span></span> a hewing, hacking, slaughter. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 49.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hewte,</span></span> a copse. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 75; ‘Small groues or -hewts’, id., c. 31; p. 81; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, ii. 731. OE. <span class='it'>hiewet</span>, -a hewing (Gregory’s Past, xxxvi); cp. <span class='it'>copse</span>, from OF. <span class='it'>coper</span>, to cut.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hey;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hay'>hay</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heydeguyes;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hay-de-guy'>hay-de-guy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>heyward,</span></span> an officer of a township who had charge of hedges and -enclosures. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 11, p. 41. In prov. use -in many parts of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>heyward</span>, ‘agellarius’ (Prompt.). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#hay'>hay</a></span> (hedge).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hiccius doctius,</span></span> a similar word to ‘hocus-pocus’, used in imitation -of Latin by conjurers who performed tricks; hence, a conjurer’s trick, -a cheat. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 580.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hidder and shidder,</span></span> male and female animals. Spenser, Shep. -Kal., Sept., 211. <span class='it'>Hidder</span> = <span class='it'>he-der</span>, he ‘deer’, i.e. male animal; <span class='it'>shidder</span> = -<span class='it'>she-der</span>, she ‘deer’, i.e. female animal. In Yorks. and Lincoln the -sheep-farmers speak of a flock of ‘he-ders’ and ‘she-ders’, see EDD. -(s.v. He, 10 (6)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>high-copt,</span></span> high-topped. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coppe'>coppe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>high-lone,</span></span> entirely alone; said of a child learning to walk. Romeo, -i. 3. 36 (1 quarto); Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 2. 9. [‘The Mares . . . -were scarce able to go high-lone’, G. Washington, Diary, March 13, 1760 -(NED.).]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>highmen,</span></span> loaded dice that produced high throws. Middleton, Your -Five Gallants, v. 1 (Fitsgrave); ‘Two bayle of false dyce, <span class='it'>videlicet</span>, high -men and loe men’, London Prodigal, i. 1. 218.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hight,</span></span> to promise; ‘And vowes men shal him hight’, Phaer, Aeneid, -i. 290. In Chaucer we find <span class='it'>highte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>hote</span>, to promise (Tr. and -Cr. v. 1636; C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 496); OE. <span class='it'>hēht</span> (<span class='it'>hēt</span>), pt. t. of <span class='it'>hātan</span> to promise, to bid, -command. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hot2'>hot</a></span> (<span class='bold'><a href='#hot2'>hote</a></span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hight2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pr.</span> and <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, is or was called; ‘<span class='it'>I hight</span>’, I am named, Peele, -Araynement of Paris, i. 1 (Venus); was called, was named, ‘She Queene -of Faeries hight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 14; ‘The citie of the great king hight -it well.’ This is a Chaucerian spelling and usage, the form being due to -ME. <span class='it'>hight</span> (promised, commanded), see above. In Chaucer we find <span class='it'>hight</span>, -‘is called’, and ‘was called’ (Leg. G. W. 417, and 725). But we also -find the regular form <span class='it'>hatte</span> for both pres. and pt. t. (Tr. and Cr. iii. 797; -H. Fame, 1303). OE. <span class='it'>hātte</span>, is or was called, pr. and pt. t. of <span class='it'>hātan</span>. This -is the only trace of the old passive voice preserved in English, cp. Goth. -<span class='it'>haitada</span>, I am called.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='higre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>higre,</span></span> the ‘bore’ in a river. Drayton, Pol. vii. 10; xxviii. 482. -Med. L. <span class='it'>Higra</span> in William of Malmesbury, De Pontific.: ‘Anglis dictus -quidam quotidianus aquarum Sabrinae fluvii furor quem vel voraginem -vel vertiginem undarum dicam nescio’ (Ducange). See EDD. (s.v. Eagre).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hild,</span></span> to heel over, to lean over; ‘<span class='it'>I hylde</span>, I leane on the one syde, -as a bote or shyp’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian form, see EDD. (s.v. -Heald, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>hilde</span>, to incline; <span class='it'>heldyn</span>, ‘inclino’ (Prompt.). OE. -<span class='it'>hieldan</span> (late WS. <span class='it'>hyldan</span>, Kentish <span class='it'>heldan</span>), to incline. See NED. (s.v. Hield).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hilding,</span></span> a good-for-nothing person of either sex. Applied to a man, -All’s Well, iii. 6. 4; applied to a woman; a jade, a baggage, Romeo, iii. 5. -169; Dryden, Spanish Fryar, ii. 3; a worthless horse, Holland’s Livy, -xxi. 40, p. 415. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hill,</span></span> to cover; to cover from sight, to hide. Warner, Albion’s England, -bk. iv, ch. 21, st. 27; <span class='it'>hild</span>, pp. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 472. In prov. use in -various parts of England from the north to Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Hill, -vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>hyllyn</span>, ‘operio’ (Prompt.); <span class='it'>hile</span> (Wyclif, Mark 14. 65). Icel. -<span class='it'>hylja</span>, to cover.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>himp,</span></span> to hobble, to limp; ‘Lame of one leg, and himping’, Udall, -tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 35; ‘Hymping on the one legge’, id., Alexander, -§ 57. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Cp. Du. dial. <span class='it'>himp-</span>, in <span class='it'>himphamp</span>, -‘een hinkend persoon’ (Boekenoogen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hinch-boy;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hench-boy'>hench-boy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hine,</span></span> a farm-labourer, a ‘hind’. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, vii. 504; Waller, -Suckling’s Verses, 33. This form is in prov. use in Lakeland, Yorks. and -in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Hind, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>hyne</span> (Wyclif, -John x. 12). OE. <span class='it'>hī</span>(<span class='it'>w</span>)<span class='it'>na man</span>, a man of the household, of the servants; -<span class='it'>hī</span>(<span class='it'>w</span>)<span class='it'>na</span>, gen. pl. of <span class='it'>hīwan</span>, domestics.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hing,</span></span> to hang. Machin, The Dumb Knight, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -x. 128. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in England in the north -and midland counties as far as Warwick. ME. <span class='it'>hinge</span>, to hang, to be hung -(Wars Alex. 4565). Icel. <span class='it'>hengja</span> (causal vb.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hinny,</span></span> to neigh as a horse; ‘I hynnye as a horse’, Palsgrave; ‘He -neigheth and hinnieth, all is hinnying sophistry’, B. Jonson, Barthol. -Fair, v. 3 (Busy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hippocras,</span></span> a cordial drink made of wine flavoured with spices. -Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Lady); <span class='it'>Hypocrace</span>, ‘vinum -myrrhatum’, Levins, Manipulus; <span class='it'>ipocras</span>, Heywood, 1 Pt. Edw. IV. -(Wks. ed. 1874, i. 10). ME. <span class='it'>ipocras</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1807); see note in -Wks., v. 361. OF. <span class='it'>ipocras</span>, <span class='it'>ypocras</span>, forms of the Greek proper name -Hippocrates, a famous physician, died <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.C.</span> 357. The cordial was so -called because it was run through a strainer or ‘Ipocras’ bag, see NED. -(s.v. Hippocras bag). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hippodame,</span></span> a name given by Spenser to a fabulous sea-monster, -F. Q. ii. 9. 50; iii. 11. 40. The allusion is probably to the ‘hippocamp’, -or sea-horse, a monster with a horse’s body and a fish’s tail, used by the -sea-gods, cp. W. Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 1: ‘Fair silver-footed Thetis . . . -Guiding from rockes her chariot’s hyppocamps.’ In the form <span class='it'>hippodame</span>, -Spenser was probably thinking of <span class='it'>hippotame</span>, ME. <span class='it'>ypotame</span>, hippopotamus -(K. Alis. 5184); see NED. (s.v. Hippopotamus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hippogrif,</span></span> a fabulous creature like a griffin, but with the body and -hindquarters of a horse, Milton, P. L. iv. 542. Ital. <span class='it'>ippogrifo</span> (Ariosto, -Orlando Furioso, iv. 4 and follg.), rendered ‘griffin-horse’ in Hoole’s -Ariosto, iv. 125.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hiren,</span></span> a seductive female; ‘Haue wee not Hiren here?’, 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 173 (1597). An allusion to a female character in Peele’s play of -‘The Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin the fair Greek’ (ab. 1594); see NED. -The initial <span class='it'>H</span> is superfluous, as the allusion is to the name Irene -(F. <span class='it'>Irène</span>), Gk. εἰρήνη, peace. See Greene and Peele’s Works, ed. Dyce, -p. 341. This play by Peele is lost.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>his,</span></span> after a sb., used instead of the genitive inflexion, chiefly with -proper names; ‘For Jesus Christ his sake’, Book Com. Prayer; ‘Secretaries -to the kyng his moste excellente majestie’, Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia, -Ep. (ed. Lumby, 2); ‘Edward the Second of England, his Queen’, Bacon, -Essay 19. See NED. (s.v. His, 4), and Notes to P. Plowman, C. xix. 236, -p. 381. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>histriomastix,</span></span> a severe critic of playwrights. Lady Alimony, i. 2 -(Trills), where the epithet of ‘crop-eared’ is prefixed. The allusion is to -the book entitled ‘Histriomastix, The Players’ Scourge’, by W. Prynne, -published in 1633; for which he lost both ears, and was pilloried. L. -<span class='it'>histrio</span>, an actor + Gk. μάστιξ, a scourge.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hizz,</span></span> to hiss. King Lear, iii. 6. 17; Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 -(ed. Arber, p. 46).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ho,</span></span> a cry calling on one to stop; cessation, intermission, limit. Phr. -<span class='it'>out of all ho</span>, out of all limit, beyond all moderate bounds, Greene, Friar -Bacon, iv. 2 (1733); scene 11. 73 (W.); p. 174, col. 2 (D.). In Yorkshire -they say, ‘There is no ho with him’, i.e. there is no moderation, he is not -to be restrained. ‘Out of all ho’ in the sense of ‘immoderately’ is a common -phrase in the west Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Ho, sb.<sup>1</sup> 5). ME. <span class='it'>ho</span>, -cessation, in phr. <span class='it'>withouten ho</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1083). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hob,</span></span> a sprite, hobgoblin. Mirror for Mag., Glendour, st. 8; ‘From elves, -hobs, and fairies . . . From fire-drakes and fiends . . . Defend us, good -heaven!’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 6. For the folk-lore connected -with the sprite called <span class='it'>Hob</span>, see EDD. <span class='it'>Hob</span> is a familiar or rustic abbreviation -of the name Robert or Robin, cp. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 123, ‘To beg of Hob -and Dick’. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoball,</span></span> a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek); -‘An hobbel, cobbel, dullard, <span class='it'>haebes</span>, <span class='it'>barbus</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. In -prov. use in the north, meaning a fool, a dull, stupid person, a blockhead, -see EDD. (s.v. Hobbil, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobby,</span></span> a small kind of hawk; ‘<span class='it'>Hobreau</span>, the hawke tearmed a hobby’, -Cotgrave; Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 195; <span class='it'>hobies</span>, pl., Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -cap. xviii. ME. <span class='it'>hoby</span>, ‘alaudarius’ (Cath. Angl.); OF. <span class='it'>hobe</span>, see Hatzfeld -(s.v. Hobereau).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobby,</span></span> a small or middle-sized horse; ‘<span class='it'>Hobin</span>, a hobbie, a little ambling -horse’, Cotgrave; <span class='it'>hobby-headed</span>, shaggy-headed like a hobby or small -pony, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria). ‘Hobby’ is in prov. use -in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hobby, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1), also in Ireland, -see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 274.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobby-horse.</span></span> In the morris-dance and on the stage, a figure of a -horse, made of light material, and fastened about the waist of the performer, -who imitated the antics of a skittish horse; also, the performer. -L. L. L. iii. 1. 30; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobler,</span></span> for <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hobbler,</span></span> a child’s top that wobbles, or spins unsteadily. -Hence, a useless toy, Lyly, Mother Bombie, v. 3 (Bedunenus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hob-man-blind,</span></span> a name for the game of blind-man’s-buff. Two Angry -Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 364; Heywood, Wise Wom. Hogsdon, -iii. (Works, v. 310). ‘Hobman’ in Yorkshire is a name for a sprite, hobgoblin, -see EDD. (s.v. Hob, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4 (2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hock-cart'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hock-cart,</span></span> the last cart at harvest-home. Herrick has a short poem, -entitled ‘The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home’, where he says, ‘The harvest -swains and wenches bound For joy, to see the Hock-Cart crown’d’ (Nares); -see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 301. Cp. the Hertfordsh. term ‘the Hockey Cart’, -the cart that brings in the last corn of the harvest, see EDD. (s.v. Hockey, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 2 (2)). Prob. conn. with Low G. <span class='it'>hokk</span> (pl. <span class='it'>hokken</span>), a heap of sheaves -(Berghaus). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hooky'>hooky</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Hock-day'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hock-day,</span></span> the second Tuesday after Easter Sunday (NED.). <span class='it'>Hock -Monday</span>, the Monday in ‘Hock-tide’; ‘Rec<sup>d</sup> of the women upon Hoc Monday -5<span class='it'>s.</span> 2<span class='it'>d.</span>’, Churchwardens’ Accounts, Kingston-upon-Thames, ann. 1578, -see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 104; spelt <span class='it'>Hough-munday</span>, Arden of Feversham, iv. -3. 43. See NED. (s.v. Hock-day) and EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1 (2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoddydoddy,</span></span> a short and dumpy person; a simpleton, dupe. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 1. 25; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 10. 65. -See EDD. (s.v. Hoddydoddy, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hoddypeke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoddypeke,</span></span> a simpleton. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, iii. 3 (Chat); -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1176; <span class='it'>huddypeke</span>, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 42; Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 326.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hodermoder'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hodermoder, in,</span></span> in secret, secretly. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 69; <span class='it'>in -huddermother</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus, ed. Arber, p. 36; spelt <span class='it'>huddermudder</span>, -Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 74; <span class='it'>hudther-mudther</span>, Golding, Metam. xiii. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hodmandod,</span></span> a shell-snail. Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo); Bacon, -Sylva, § 732. An E. Anglian word (Ray, 1691); also in prov. use in various -parts of England, meaning (1) a snail, (2) a clumsy ill-shaped person, -(3) a simpleton, (4) a mean stingy person, (5) a scarecrow (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hogrel, hoggerel,</span></span> a young sheep of the second year; ‘Hoggerell, a -yong shepe’, Palsgrave; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 72. ‘Hoggrel’ is in -common prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England for a young -sheep, before it has been shorn (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hog-rubber,</span></span> a clown; a term of reproach. Middleton, Roaring Girl, -ii. 2 (Moll).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoiden,</span></span> a rude, ignorant, ill-bred man. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 -(Hilts); ‘Shall I argue of conversation with this hoyden?’, Milton, Colasterion -(Works, ed. 1851, p. 364); ‘<span class='it'>Badault</span>, a fool, dolt, sot, fop, ass, coxcomb, -gaping hoydon’, Cotgrave. Du. <span class='it'>heyden</span>, ‘homo agrestis et incultus’ -(Kilian).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoigh, on the,</span></span> in a state of excitement, riotously disposed, jolly. -Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 (NED.); Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 1 -(Sir Francis). <span class='it'>Hoigh</span> = <span class='it'>hoy</span>, an interjectional cry denoting excitement.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoit,</span></span> to be noisy; to indulge in noisy mirth. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. -of Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. M.); Etherege, Man of Mode, v. 2 (Dorimant); -Fuller, Pisgah, ii. 4. 6. ‘To hoit’, to play the fool; ‘hoyting’, riotous and -noisy mirth, are in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Hoit, -vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hokos pokos,</span></span> a juggler. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Mirth). Cp. -G. <span class='it'>hokuspokus</span>, jugglery; see Weigand and H. Paul.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hole, the;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#counter3'>counter</a></span> (3). In Cook’s play of Green’s Tu Quoque -(printed in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 563) Spendall is represented as in prison -‘on the Master’s side’, or the best part of the prison. But he runs through -his money, and is advised to remove ‘into some cheaper ward’. He asks -‘What ward should I remove in?’ Holdfast replies, ‘Why, to the Twopenny -Ward; . . . or, if you will, you may go into the Hole, and there you -may feed for nothing.’ See <span class='bold'><a href='#basket'>basket</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Hollantide'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hollantide,</span></span> the season of All Saints, the first week in November, All -Hallows’-tide. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.); <span class='it'>All-holland-tide</span>, -Your Five Gallants, iv. 2 (Servant). See EDD. (s.v. Hallantide). -OE. <span class='it'>Hālgena tīd</span>, the Saints’ Season.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>holt,</span></span> a small wood or grove. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 3 -(Sul. Shepherd). ME. <span class='it'>holt</span>, a plantation (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 6). OE. <span class='it'>holt</span>, -a wood (Beowulf).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Holyrood, Holyrode-day,</span></span> the Festival of the Invention of the Holy -Cross, May 3; ‘Any time between Martilmas and holy-rode day’, Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 134. 21; the Festival of the Exaltation of the Holy -Cross, Holy Cross Day, September 14, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 52.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>honest,</span></span> chaste. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 247; iii. 3. 236; iv. 2. 107; ‘Like -as an whore envyeth an honest woman’, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xvi. 49.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>honniken,</span></span> a term of contempt; a despised fellow. Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, iv. 5 (Lord Mayor); here <span class='it'>honniken</span> is equated to needy -knave. Evidently connected with MHG. <span class='it'>hone</span>, a despised person, one -who lives in shame and contempt; cp. G. <span class='it'>hohn</span>, scorn, derision.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>honorificabilitudinitatibus.</span></span> Given as a specimen of a long word, -L. L. L. v. 1. 41; Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hooch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hooch,</span></span> a ‘hutch’, a chest. Gascoigne, Flowers (ed. Hazlitt, i. 67). -‘Hutch’ is in common prov. use in Suffolk for one of those oaken chests -still to be seen in cottages (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>huche</span>, ‘cista, archa’ (Prompt.); -see note, no. 1031 (EETS., p. 622). See <span class='bold'><a href='#hutch'>hutch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hoodman-blind'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoodman-blind,</span></span> the game now called blind-man’s-buff. Hamlet, iii. -4. 77; <span class='it'>hudman-blind</span>, Merry Devil, i. 3. 52. From the <span class='it'>hood</span> used to blind -the <span class='it'>man</span>. Cp. <span class='it'>hoodman</span>, blinded man, All’s Well, iv. 3. 136. [This old -word ‘hoodman-blind’ appears in Tennyson’s In Memoriam, lxxviii.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hooky'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hooky, hooky,</span></span> a cry at harvest-home. Nash, Summer’s Last Will -(Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 54. See EDD. (s.v. Hockey, sb.<sup>1</sup>). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#hock-cart'>hock-cart</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoop,</span></span> to shout with wonder. Hen. V, ii. 2. 108; to shout at with -insult, Cor. iv. 5. 84. (Usually altered to <span class='it'>whoop</span>.) Hence, <span class='it'>Hooping</span>, a cry -of surprise, exclamation of wonder, As You Like It, iii. 2. 203. ME. <span class='it'>howpe</span>, -to utter a hoop (Chaucer, C.T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4590), OF. <span class='it'>huper</span> (later <span class='it'>houper</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoove;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hove'>hove</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hope,</span></span> expectation unaccompanied by desire. 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 235; -Othello, i. 3. 203; to expect, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 4 (Fernando); iv. 2 -(Roseilli); Antony and Cl. ii. 1. 38.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hopper,</span></span> the hopper of a mill; <span class='it'>hopper-hipped</span>, shaped about the hips like -a ‘hopper’. Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir Simon); <span class='it'>hopper-rumped</span>, -Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Sordido).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hopper-crow,</span></span> a crow that follows a seed-hopper during sowing. Greene, -James IV, v. 2. 10. See NED. ‘Hopper’, a seed-basket used in sowing corn -by hand, is in prov. use from the north of England to Shropshire (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hopshakles,</span></span> ‘hap-shackles’, bands for confining a horse or cow at -pasture. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 128. ‘Hapshackle’ still in use in -Scotland (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horion,</span></span> a severe blow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 19. F. <span class='it'>horion</span>, -‘a dust, cuff, rap, knock, thump’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horn,</span></span> a horn-thimble; ‘A horn on your thumb’, Cambyses, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 235. See <span class='bold'><a href='#horn-thumb'>horn-thumb</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hornbook,</span></span> a paper containing the alphabet, &c., protected by a transparent -plate of horn, and mounted on a wooden tablet with a handle. -Used for teaching the very young. L. L. L. v. 1. 49; Two Noble Kinsmen, -ii. 3. 46.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horn-keck,</span></span> the gar-fish. Used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘Suche an horne-keke’ (as a term -of abuse), Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 77; l. 304.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='horn-thumb'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horn-thumb,</span></span> a thimble of horn worn on the thumb by cut-purses, -for resisting the edge of the knife in cutting; ‘I mean a child of the -horn-thumb, a babe of booty, a cut-purse’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Overdo). Cp. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 5 (1661); p. 138, col. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horrent,</span></span> bristling. Milton, P. L. ii. 513. L. <span class='it'>horrens</span>, rough, bristled.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horse,</span></span> pl. horses. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 280 (and very often). -OE. <span class='it'>hors</span>, horses, pl. of <span class='it'>hors</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>horsecorser,</span></span> a dealer in horses. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1084. -‘A Horse Courser, or Horse scourser, <span class='it'>mango equorum</span>’, Minsheu (1627); -<span class='it'>horse-courser</span>, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; Marlowe, Faustus, iv. 6. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#corser'>corser</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hose,</span></span> clothing for the legs and loins, breeches. As You Like It, ii. 7. -160; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 185, 239. ‘Doublet and hose’, the typical male attire -(i.e. without a cloak), Much Ado, i. 203; Merry Wives, iii. 1. 47.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hospitage,</span></span> hospitality. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 6. Med. L. <span class='it'>hospitagium</span> -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hospitale,</span></span> a place of rest, a building for receiving guests, a ‘hostel’. -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 10. Med. L. <span class='it'>hospitale</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>host,</span></span> a victim to be sacrificed. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 196. L. <span class='it'>hostia</span>, -an animal sacrificed, victim.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>host,</span></span> to receive as a guest, to entertain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27; -<span class='it'>hosted with</span>, lodged with, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hostless,</span></span> inhospitable. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hostry'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hostry,</span></span> a hostelry, an inn, lodging; ‘There was no roume for them in -the hostrey’, Tyndale, Luke ii. 7; Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23; Marlowe, -Faustus, iv. 6 (near the end). OF. <span class='it'>hosterie</span>, <span class='it'>hostrie</span>, an inn. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>osteria</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hot,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> of <span class='it'>hit</span>. Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. -276; Beard, Theatre, God’s Judgem. i. 21 (ed. 1631, 122); pp., R. Scott, -Discov. Witcher. xii. 15 (ed. 1886, 206). In prov. use in Warwicksh., Bedfordsh., -and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Hit, 2 and 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hot2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hot, hote,</span></span> was named, was called; ‘It rightly hot The well of life’, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 29; ‘Another Knight that hote Sir Brianor’, ib., iv. -4. 40. OE. <span class='it'>hātte</span> (Matt. xiii. 55), pres. and pt. t. of <span class='it'>hātan</span>, to be called. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#hight2'>hight</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hote,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, named; ‘A shepheard trewe yet not so true As he that earst -I hote’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 164. A mistaken form, from confusion -with the above. The usual late ME. form is <span class='it'>hight</span> (<span class='it'>hiȝt</span>), <span class='it'>hehte</span> (in Layamon); -OE. <span class='it'>hēht</span> (<span class='it'>hēt</span>), pt. t. of <span class='it'>hātan</span>, to call, name.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hot-house,</span></span> a bagnio, house for hot baths; a house of ill-fame. Measure -for M. ii. 1. 66; Westward Ho (near the beginning).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Hough-munday;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Hock-day'>Hock-day</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hounces,</span></span> housings, trappings of a horse; ‘Gemmes That stood upon -the Collars, Trace, and Hounces in their Hemmes’, Golding, Metam. ii. -109 (not in Latin text). The explanation in NED., ‘an ornament on the -collar of a horse’, applies only to other passages; in this case, the gems -ornamented the collars, traces, and housings. ‘Hounce’ is an E. Anglian -word for the red and yellow worsted ornament spread over the collar of -a cart-horse (EDD.). It is a nasalized form of F. <span class='it'>housse</span>, a foot-cloth for -a horse (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>housel</span></span> (<span class='it'>fig.</span> used), to give repentance to; ‘May zealous smiths so -housel all our hacknies, that they may feel compunction in their feet’, -Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1, (Shorthose). See below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>housling;</span></span> ‘The housling fire’, i.e. the sacramental fire, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 12. 37. The Roman marriage was solemnized <span class='it'>sacramento ignis et aquae</span>. -ME. <span class='it'>houselen</span>, to administer the Eucharist (P. Plowman, B. xix. 3); <span class='it'>housele</span>, -the Eucharist (ib., C. xxii. 394). OE. <span class='it'>hūsel</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Housel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hout,</span></span> a ‘hoot’, an outcry, clamour. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iv. 1 -(Andrugio). See Dict. (s.v. Hoot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hove'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hove,</span></span> to tarry, stay, dwell. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 20; Colin Clout, 666; -‘(At Bosworth) some stode hovynge a-ferre of’, Fabyan (cited by Way). -A north-country word, now obsolete (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>hovyn</span>, as hors, and -abydyn, ‘sirocino’, Prompt. EETS. 236. See Dict. M. and S., and Way’s -note in Prompt., p. 252.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Howleglas;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Owlglass'>Owlglass</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>howres,</span></span> hours, i.e. the prayers said at the canonical hours or stated -times for prayer; ‘The Hermite . . . Was wont his howres and holy -things to bed’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 5. 35. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. -Hours of Prayer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoyle,</span></span> a mark made use of by archers when shooting at rovers (NED.). -Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 334. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rove'>rove</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoyn,</span></span> to grumble, grunt. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 4. A Lincoln -word, see EDD. (s.v. Hone, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). Norm. F. <span class='it'>hoigner</span>, ‘hogner, geindre, -pleurnicher, se lamenter’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hoyst, brock!,</span></span> a cry of encouragement to a horse. Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. ii, ch. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huck-bone,</span></span> the hip-bone. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 57. 4. ‘Huck’ is -a Lincoln word, see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1), so, in Tennyson’s Northern -Cobbler, ‘I slither’d an’ hurted my huck.’ See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hucke,</span></span> to higgle, chaffer, bargain. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, -ch. 26, st. 45; ‘I love not to sell my ware to you, you hucke so sore’, Palsgrave. -A west-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Huck, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>hukke</span>, -‘auccionor’ (Voc. 566. 36). Cp. MHG. <span class='it'>hucke</span>, ‘Kleinhändler’ (Lexer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huckle,</span></span> the hip, haunch. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 45; Butler, Hud. -i. 2. 925. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huckle-bone,</span></span> the hip-bone, Hobbes, Iliad, 67 (NED.); the astragalus, -‘ Ἀστράγαλος is in Latin <span class='it'>talus</span> and it is the little square hucclebone in the -ancle place of the hinder legge in all beastes saving man’, Udall, Apoph., -185; ‘<span class='it'>Bibelots</span>, hucklebones or the play at hucklebones’, Cotgrave. This -name for the game is in prov. use in the north, in Lincoln, Surrey, and -Sussex (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huckson,</span></span> lit. the hough-sinew; also, the hough or hock; corresponding -to the heel in man. Herrick, The Beggar to Mab, 11. A Devon word, -see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.<sup>1</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>hōhsinu</span>. See NED. (s.v. Hockshin, also, -Huxen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hudder-mudder;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hodermoder'>hodermoder</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huddle,</span></span> to hurry; ‘The huddling brook’, Milton, Comus, 495; -‘Country vicars when the sermon’s done, Run huddling to the benediction’, -Dryden, Epil. to Sir Martin Mar-all, 2; to hurry over in a -slovenly way, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgics, i. 353.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huddle, old,</span></span> a term of contempt for a decrepit old man. Lyly, -Euphues, p. 133; Webster, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huddypeke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hoddypeke'>hoddypeke</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hudman-blind;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#hoodman-blind'>hoodman-blind</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huff,</span></span> to brag, talk big, bluster; freq. <span class='it'>to huff it</span>. B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. i. 2. 35 (Knowell); Peele, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 2 (end); <span class='it'>huff</span>, a -specimen of brag, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 391; hence <span class='it'>huff-cap</span>, a swaggerer, -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); <span class='it'>attrib.</span> blustering, swaggering, -‘Half-cap terms’, Bp. Hall, Sat. i. 3. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='huffecap'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huffecap,</span></span> a heady ale; ‘Such headie ale and beere as for the mightinesse -thereof . . . is commonlie called huffecap’, Harrison, Desc. England, -bk. ii, ch. 18; ‘This Huf-cap (as they call it) and <span class='it'>nectar</span> of lyfe’, Stubbes, -Anatomy of Abuses (Church-ales); Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hugger-mugger,</span></span> secretly. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 392; <span class='it'>in hugger-mugger</span>, -Hamlet, iv. 5. 84; Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 123; Spenser, Mother -Hub. 139. Etymology unknown. It has been suggested that <span class='it'>hugger-mugger</span> -may be connected with the Anglo-Irish <span class='it'>cugger-mugger</span>, which means -whispering, gossiping in a low voice, see Joyce, English as we speak it in -Ireland, p. 243, and Modern Language Review, July, 1912 (On some Etymologies).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hugy,</span></span> huge, vast. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503; Dryden, tr. -of Virgil, Aeneid v, 113.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huisher,</span></span> an ‘usher’, door-keeper of a court, servant of an official, -B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3. 11; ‘His sergeants or huishers (<span class='it'>lictores</span>)’, -Holland, Livy, xxiv. 44; <span class='it'>husher</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 13; <span class='it'>hushier</span>, Beaumont -and Fl., Four Plays in One, Induction. F. <span class='it'>huissier</span>, deriv. of (<span class='it'>h</span>)<span class='it'>uis</span>, door. -See Dict. (s.v. Usher).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huke,</span></span> a cape or cloak, with a hood. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 56; Bacon, -New Atlantis, 1639, p. 24. OF. <span class='it'>huque</span>. Med. L. <span class='it'>huca</span>, ‘ricinium quo scilicet -mulieres olim caput operiebant et velabant’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hulched up,</span></span> cramped up; ‘I hate to be hulched up in a coach’, Etherege, -Man of Mode, iii. 3 (Belinda).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hulder,</span></span> the name of a kind of wood for arrows; ‘Hulder, black -thorne . . . make holow, starting, studding, gaddynge shaftes’, Ascham, -Toxophilus, p. 124. The MHG. <span class='it'>holder</span> (G. <span class='it'>holunder</span>) means ‘elder’; it is -objected that Ascham mentions ‘elder’ in the same sentence, and this -suggests some difference. The difference may be only in name, according -as the wood is foreign or native. Some say <span class='it'>hulver</span> (= holly) is meant; but -I think <span class='it'>holly</span> would be praised.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hulk,</span></span> to disembowel; ‘Hulke hir (which is to open hir and take out -hyr garbage)’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 62; p. 175; Beaumont and Fl., -Philaster, v. 4. 36. In prov. use in E. Anglia for taking out the entrails -of a rabbit, see EDD. (s.v. Hulk, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hull,</span></span> to float, to drift, or move on the sea as a ship with the sails -furled, by the action of winds and waves upon the hull. Richard III, iv. -4. 488; Twelfth Night, i. 5. 217; Milton, P. L. xi. 840; Sir T. Browne, -Christian Morals, i. 1 (ed. Greenhill, 161).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hum,</span></span> a kind of liquor; strong or double ale. B. Jonson, Devil an -Ass, i. 1 (Satan); Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, ii. 3 (Belleur). -Hence, <span class='it'>Hum-glass</span>, a glass for ‘hum’. Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam). -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humblesse,</span></span> humility. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 26; i. 12. 8. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>humblesse</span> (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humbling,</span></span> rumbling (of wind blasts); Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid (ed. -Arber, 19); buzzing as a bee (ed. Arber, 31).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humdrum,</span></span> a commonplace fellow; ‘Stand still humdrum’, Butler, -Hudibras, i. 3. 112; ‘A consort for every humdrum’, B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humect,</span></span> to moisten. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11 (end). L. -<span class='it'>humectare</span>, <span class='it'>humectus</span>, wet; <span class='it'>humere</span>, <span class='it'>umere</span>, to be wet.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humorous,</span></span> moist, humid, damp; ‘Every lofty top, which late the -humorous night Bespangled had with pearle’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 214; -‘The humorous night’, Romeo, ii. 1. 31; with play on sense of fanciful, -whimsical, humoursome, L. L. L. iii. 1. 177; moody, ill-humoured, As -You Like It, i. 2. 278.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>humour;</span></span> in ancient and mediaeval physiology, one of the four chief -fluids (blood, phlegm, choler, melancholy) by the relative proportions of -which a man’s physical and mental qualities were supposed to be determined; -hence, mental disposition, temperament, mood. L. L. L. v. 1. 10; -Merry Wives, ii. 3. 80. See Schmidt’s Shakespeare-Lexicon (s.v.); also, -B. Jonson’s Every Man in Humour (H. B. Wheatley’s account of the -word in Introduction, pp. xxx-xxxiv).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Humphrey;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Duke'>Duke Humphrey</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hunte, hunt,</span></span> a hunter, huntsman. Golding, Metam. viii. 359; Gascoigne, -Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 313; Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1 -(NED.). OE. <span class='it'>hunta</span>, a huntsman (Chron., ann. 1127); hence Hunt as a -proper name.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hunt’s-up,</span></span> the hunt is up; a tune played to awaken huntsmen. -Romeo, iii. 5. 34; <span class='it'>the hunt is up</span>, Titus Andron. ii. 2. 1; Fletcher, Bonduca, -ii. 4 (near the end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurle,</span></span> strife, commotion. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 27. ME. -<span class='it'>hurl</span>, or debate, ‘sedicio’ (Prompt.). See below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurlwind,</span></span> a tempestuous wind. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 8. Cp. -the Cumberland word ‘hurl’ for a tempest, see EDD. (s.v. Hurl, sb.<sup>3</sup> 11). -ME. <span class='it'>hurle</span>, rush, noise (of the sea); <span class='it'>hurling</span>, roaring (Wars Alex.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurricano,</span></span> a hurricane. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, v. 2 (Malefort); -a water-spout, ‘The dreadful spout which shipmen do the hurricano call’, -Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 172. See Dict. (s.v. Hurricane), and Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurring,</span></span> reverberation. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 253.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hurry-durry,</span></span> boisterous, as rough weather; hence, impatient, irritable; -‘ ’Tis a hurry-durry blade’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i. 1 (2 Sailor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>huswife, housewife,</span></span> a hussy, a pert girl. North, tr. of Plutarch, -M. Antonius, § 3 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161); ‘Impudent housewife!’ Vanbrugh, -The Confederacy, v. 2 (Gripe).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='hutch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hutch,</span></span> to hoard, as in a <span class='it'>hutch</span> or chest. Milton, Comus, 719. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#hooch'>hooch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hyaline;</span></span> ‘The clear Hyaline, the glassy sea’, Milton, P. L. vii. 619. -Cp. Apoc. iv. 6: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη, ‘a sea of glass like unto crystal.’</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hyce, hyse,</span></span> to ‘hoist’ up; ‘I hyce up an ancre; I hyse up the sayle’, -Palsgrave. Dutch <span class='it'>hyssen</span>, ‘to hoise’ (Sewel). See Dict. (s.v. Hoist).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hydegy,</span></span> a rustic dance. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 264; <span class='it'>hydagy</span>, id., xxvi. 206. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#hay-de-guy'>hay-de-guy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hydromancy,</span></span> divination by water. Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 2. -16 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D). Gk. ὑδρομαντεία.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hydroptic,</span></span> dropsical; ‘His hydroptic thoughts’, Lady Alimony, i. 3 -(Timon). [‘Soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst’, Browning, Grammarian’s -Funeral, 95.] Deriv. of Gk. ὕδρωψ, the dropsy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hydrus,</span></span> a water-snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. L. <span class='it'>hydrus</span>; Gk. ὕδρος, -a water-snake. Cp. <span class='it'>hydra</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hyke,</span></span> a cry to hounds, to encourage them to the chase; ‘Hyke a Talbot, -Hyke a Bewmont, Hyke, Hyke, to him, to him’, Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 40; p. 112; ‘Hike, hallow, hike’, id., c. 62, p. 175. [Cp. Scott, Quentin -Durward, c. 33.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hyleg</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hylech;</span></span> ‘A Term apply’d by Astrologers to a Planet, or part of -Heaven which in a Man’s Nativity becomes the Moderator and Significator -of his Life’, Phillips, Dict. (1706); Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); -Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3, 7; B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). -Pers. (and Turkish) <span class='it'>hailāj</span>, a calculation of astrologers, a ‘nativity’. See -NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hypodidascal,</span></span> an usher. Shirley, Love Tricks, iii. 5 (Gorgon). Gk. -ὑποδιδάσκαλος, under-master or subordinate teacher.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>hypostasis,</span></span> a sediment, esp. of urine. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 -(Physician); Nabbes, Microcosmus, iv (Phlegm). Gk. ὑπόστασις, lit. that -which stands under; hence, sediment.</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='I'>I</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iambographer,</span></span> a writer of iambic verses. Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, -i. 2 (Montenegro). Gk. ἰαμβογράφος.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>idlesse, ydlesse,</span></span> idleness. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 31; Greene, Alphonsus, -Prol. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>idol,</span></span> a phantom. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxiii. 94; Od. iv. 1074; an -image, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); <span class='it'>idole</span>, image, reflection, likeness, -Spenser. F. Q. ii. 2. 41. Gk. εἴδωλον, an image, a phantom (Homer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>igniferent,</span></span> fire-producing, flaming. Birth of Merlin, iv. 5. 95. L. -<span class='it'>igniferens</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ilke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ilke,</span></span> an ‘elk’, a wild swan. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 86, where it is remarked -that it is ‘of Hollanders so term’d’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#elk'>elk</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>illecebrous,</span></span> enticing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; -W. Webbe. Eng. Poetry (ed. Arber, p. 45). From L. <span class='it'>illecebra</span>, enticement; -<span class='it'>illicere</span>, to entice.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>illect,</span></span> to entice, allure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 4. -From the pp. stem of <span class='it'>illicere</span>, to allure.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ill-mewed,</span></span> kept in confinement without proper attention. Beaumont -and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3 (Jaques). See <span class='bold'><a href='#mew2'>mew</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ill-part,</span></span> playing an evil part; ‘King John, that ill part personage’, -Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Friar); see NED. (s.v. Ill, iv. 8. B).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>illustrate,</span></span> to render illustrious; ‘Matter to me of glory, whom their -hate Illustrates’, Milton, P. L. v. 739; ‘Good men are the stars, the -planets of the ages wherein they live, and illustrate the times’, B. Jonson, -Discoveries, lxxxvi (p. 751). L. <span class='it'>illustrare</span>, to make famous.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbibition,</span></span> treatment with a liquid, which was absorbed. B. Jonson, -Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imboss,</span></span> to take refuge. Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 130. See below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='imbost'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbost,</span></span> driven to an extremity, like a hunted animal. Beaumont and -Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); exhausted, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 135. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#embost1'>embost</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbosture,</span></span> embossed ornament, raised work; ‘There nor wants -Imbosture nor embroidery’, Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 -(Rufinus). See <span class='bold'><a href='#emboss'>emboss</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbrangle,</span></span> to confuse, mix up, entangle. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 19. A -Cheshire word: ‘An imbrangled affair’ (EDD.); cp. ‘brangled’, in prov. -use: ‘His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of ’em’ -(Northampton); see EDD. (s.v. Brangle, vb. 2). OF. <span class='it'>branler</span>, to shake, -brandish (a lance) (Ch. Rol. 3327).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbrayde,</span></span> to upbraid. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 3. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#embraid'>embraid</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='imbroccato'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imbroccato,</span></span> a pass or thrust in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 -(<span class='it'>or</span> 4) (Bobadil); <span class='it'>imbrocatas</span>, pl., Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Ital. -<span class='it'>imbroccata</span>, ‘a thrust at fence, or a venie giuen ouer the dagger’ (Florio); -<span class='it'>imbroccare</span>, to thrust. See <span class='bold'><a href='#embrocata'>embrocata</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>immane,</span></span> huge, great in size. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 296; -Odyssey, ix. 268. L. <span class='it'>immanis</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>immoment,</span></span> of no moment, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 166.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imp,</span></span> offspring, child. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 47; Hen. V, iv. 1. 45; ‘Thou -most dreaded impe of highest Jove’, Spenser, F. Q., Introd. 3; i. 9. 6; -i. 10. 60; i. 11. 5; ‘The King preferred eighty noble imps to the order of -knighthood’, Stow Annals, 1592 (Trench, Sel. Gl.). The orig. mg. of <span class='it'>imp</span> -was a graft, scion, or young shoot. ME. <span class='it'>impe</span>: ‘of feble trees ther comen -wrecched impes’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 3146); OE. <span class='it'>impe</span>, a shoot, graft; <span class='it'>impian</span>, -to graft. Med. L. <span class='it'>impotus</span>, a graft (Lex Salica); Gk. ἔμφυτος, engrafted (N.T. -James i. 21).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imp,</span></span> to engraft new feathers on to a hawk’s wing; to supply it with -new feathers. Richard II, ii. 1. 292; Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); Rule a Wife, ii. 1. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impacable,</span></span> unappeasable. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 22; Ruines of Time, -395. L. <span class='it'>pacare</span>, to appease.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impale,</span></span> to encircle, as with a pale, to surround. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3; -Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 2. 7; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 308.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impassible,</span></span> incapable of suffering. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, -c. 24, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 95. Patristic L. <span class='it'>impassibilis</span> -(Tertullian).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='impeach'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impeach,</span></span> to hinder. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 28; Spenser, -Virgil’s Gnat, 576. See <span class='bold'><a href='#empeach'>empeach</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='impechement'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impechement,</span></span> hindrance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15 (end). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#empesshement'>empesshement</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imperance,</span></span> commanding quality, command. Hero and Leander, iii. -392. L. <span class='it'>imperare</span>, to command.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impertinent,</span></span> not pertinent, irrelevant. Bacon, Essay 26; Tempest -i. 2. 138.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impeticos,</span></span> to pocket. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 27; a burlesque word coined -by the fool; it seems to suggest <span class='it'>petticoat</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>implore,</span></span> entreaty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 37.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imply,</span></span> to enfold. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; i. 6. 6; to involve as a necessary -consequence, Pericles, iv. 1. 82.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>importable,</span></span> not to be borne, unendurable. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 35; -Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 3792. L. <span class='it'>importabilis</span>, unbearable.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>importance,</span></span> import, meaning. Winter’s Tale, v. 2. 20; a matter that -concerns, Cymb. i. 4. 45; urgent request, ‘At our importance hither is he -come’, King John, ii. 7; Twelfth Nt. v. 371. F. <span class='it'>importance</span>, ‘importance, -moment, value’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>important,</span></span> urgent. Much Ado, ii. 1. 74; Beaumont and Fl., Honest -Man’s Fortune, iv. 1 (Veramour).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>importune,</span></span> grievous, severe. Spenser, F. Q, i. 12. 16; ii. 6. 29; importunate, -Bacon, Essay 9. L. <span class='it'>importunus</span>, troublesome.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imposterous, impostorous,</span></span> deceitful, like an impostor. Beaumont -and Fl., Woman-hater, iii. 2 (Duke); Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, -ii. 3 (Horsus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impostumation,</span></span> a tumour. Bacon, Essay 15, § 14. From <span class='it'>impostume</span> -(<span class='it'>imposthume</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impotence,</span></span> want of self-restraint, ungovernable passion. Massinger, -A Very Woman, ii. 1 (Antonio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impotent,</span></span> unable to restrain oneself, unrestrained. Spenser, F. Q. v. -12. 1; Massinger, Unnatural Combat, iii. 2. 37. L. <span class='it'>impotens</span>, powerless. -See Trench, Select Glossary (s.v.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>imprest,</span></span> advance-pay of soldiers or sailors. Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, i. 1 (L. Mayor); <span class='it'>imprest money</span>, money advanced, a loan, B. Jonson, -Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). Ital. <span class='it'>impresto</span>, a loan; <span class='it'>imprestare</span>, to lend -(Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>improperation,</span></span> a reproach, a taunt. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, -§ 3. Deriv. of Late L. <span class='it'>improperare</span>, to reproach (Vulgate, Rom. xv. 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='improve'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>improve,</span></span> to use for advantage, to turn to account. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. -159.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>improved,</span></span> approved. Middleton, The Widow, i. 1 (Brandino).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>impuissance,</span></span> want of power, weakness. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 92).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>in;</span></span> <span class='it'>in-and-in</span>, a gambling game for three persons, with four dice; <span class='it'>in-and-in</span> -was when there were two doublets, or all four dice alike, which -swept all the stakes. B. Jonson, New Inn, Bat Burst, an <span class='it'>in-and-in</span> man, -i.e. a professed gambler. See Halliwell. <span class='it'>In by the week</span>, (?) prepared to go -on for a week, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2. 4. <span class='it'>In dock, out nettle</span>, a popular -charm, said when rubbing a dock-leaf on the skin, to remove the effects of -a sting by a nettle. Hence applied to a change from pain to joy, or to any -exhibition of inconstancy or unsteadiness (Nares). Udall, Roister Doister, -ii. 3. 8; Heywood, English Proverbs, 54, 133. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. -Nettle). ME. <span class='it'>Netle in, dokke out</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 461). See Skeat, -Early English Proverbs, § 187.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incarnadine,</span></span> to dye red. Macbeth, ii. 2. 62. <span class='it'>Incarnadine</span> = F. <span class='it'>incarnadin</span>; -Ital. <span class='it'>incarnadino</span>, carnation colour (Florio); lit. flesh-colour, deriv. of -<span class='it'>carne</span>, flesh.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incartata,</span></span> an (assumed) term in fencing. Pl. <span class='it'>incartata’s</span>, Nabbes, -Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Nabbes explains it as being one of the ‘terms -in our dialect to puzzle desperate ignorance’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incend,</span></span> to heat; to inflame, incite. <span class='it'>Incended</span>, heated, Sir T. Elyot, -Castel of Helth, bk. iii, c. 3; Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § last but one. L. -<span class='it'>incendere</span>, to set on fire.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='incense'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incense,</span></span> to ‘insense’, to make to understand. Hen. VIII, v. 1. 43. -‘To insense’ (also written ‘incense’) is in gen. prov. use in the sense of -‘to cause to understand, to explain’ in Scotland and Ireland, also in England, -from the north to Somerset and Cornwall; see EDD. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>ensenser</span>, to inspire, persuade (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incentive,</span></span> enkindling; ‘Incentive reed . . . pernicious with one touch -to fire’ (i.e. the gunner’s match), Milton, P. L. vi. 519.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inceration,</span></span> a bringing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchemist, -ii. 1 (Face). Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>cera</span>, wax. Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#ceration'>ceration</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inchoation,</span></span> beginning. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 62, 92). L. -<span class='it'>inchoatio</span>, beginning (Vulgate, Heb. vi. 1); deriv. of <span class='it'>inchoare</span>, to begin.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inchpin,</span></span> a name among huntsmen for the sweetbread of a deer; by -some explained as ‘the lower gut’, so Cotgrave (s.v. <span class='it'>Boyau</span>); Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, i. 219; ‘The sweete gut which some call the Inchpinne’, -Turbervile, Hunting, 134; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Robin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incision,</span></span> blood-letting. <span class='it'>To make incision</span>, to let blood, in order to cure, -As You Like It, iii. 2. 75; gallants were in the habit of stabbing their -arms, to prove their love for a mistress, Merchant of Venice, ii. 1. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incomber,</span></span> an ‘encumber’, an encumbrance on an estate, a mortgage; -‘Raves hee for bonds and incombers’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play -(Lurchall’s last speech), Works, iii. 358.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>income,</span></span> an entrance-fee. Latimer, Seven Sermons before Edw. VI -(ed. Arber, p. 50); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Mugeron); a coming -in, arrival, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvii. 482.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incompared,</span></span> incomparable, matchless. Spenser, Verses to Sir F. -Walsingham, l. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incontinent,</span></span> immediately. Richard II, v. 6. 48; Othello, iv. 3. 12. -F. <span class='it'>incontinent</span>, ‘incontinently, immediately’ (Cotgr.). Late L. <span class='it'>in continenti</span> -(<span class='it'>tempore</span>), in continuous time, without interval (Tertullian); see Rönsch.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incontinently,</span></span> immediately. Othello, i. 3. 306.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>incony,</span></span> fine, delicate, pretty; ‘My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my -in-conie Jew’, L. L. L. iii. 1. 136; iv. 1. 144; ‘Thy incony lap’, Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (<span class='it'>or</span> 6). A cant word, prevalent about 1600, of doubtful -meaning and of unascertained origin.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>increable,</span></span> incredible. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 140. 9; lf. 150, back, -6. OF. <span class='it'>increable</span> (F. <span class='it'>incroyable</span>), incredible.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indagation,</span></span> investigation. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxiv. L. <span class='it'>indagatio</span> -(Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inde,</span></span> blue; see <span class='bold'><a href='#ynde'>ynde</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indeniz’d into,</span></span> made to dwell in another body, metamorphosed into; -‘The perverse and peevish Are next indeniz’d into wrinkled apes’, Fisher, -True Trojans, ii. 3. 23; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 172. Short for <span class='it'>endenizen’d</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indent,</span></span> to bargain. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 87. Lit. to make an indenture -or covenant; an indenture being so called because duplicate deeds were -cut with notched edges to fit one another. Med. L. <span class='it'>indentare</span>, ‘dente infringere, -occare’ (Ducange); Law L. <span class='it'>indentare</span>, to indent.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indifferent,</span></span> impartial. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 1; v. 9. 36.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indigne,</span></span> unworthy, undeserving. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 30. F. <span class='it'>indigne</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indignify,</span></span> to treat with indignity, to scorn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 30; -Colin Clout, 583.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>induction,</span></span> a bringing in; ‘The solemne induction of the Arke into -the oracle’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Chron. v (contents); initial step in an undertaking, -1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 2. L. <span class='it'>inductio</span>, an introduction, leading into (Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indue,</span></span> to clothe, used <span class='it'>fig.</span>: ‘Untill ye be indued with power from on -high’ (quoadusque induamini virtutem ex alto), <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Luke xxiv. 49. L. -<span class='it'>induo</span>, to put on an article of dress.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='indue2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indue,</span></span> to endow. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Two Gent. v. 4. 153; <span class='it'>indued -unto</span>, endowed with qualities suited to, Hamlet, iv. 7. 180; <span class='it'>indues to</span>, brings -to, Othello, iii. 4. 146. See <span class='bold'><a href='#endue'>endue</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>indurance;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#endurance'>endurance</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inew;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#enew'>enew</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infame,</span></span> to accuse as being infamous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, -c. 7, § 10. <span class='it'>Infamed</span>, branded with infamy, Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. Med. L. -<span class='it'>infamare</span>, ‘accusare, criminari’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infamous,</span></span> ill-spoken of, of ill report. Milton, Comus, 424; deserving -of infamy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 27.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infant,</span></span> a youth of noble or gentle birth. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 25 -(used of ‘a young knight’ of Prince Arthur); vi. 8. 25 (used of Prince -Arthur). OF. <span class='it'>enfant</span>, a young aspirant to knightly honours (Ch. Rol. -3196). Cp. the use of ‘Childe’ for a youth trained to arms, in Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 8. 7 (see Glossary, ed. C. P.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infarce,</span></span> to stuff, cram full. Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Helth, bk. iii, c. 1; -id., Governour, bk. i, c. 3 (end). L. <span class='it'>infarcire</span>, to stuff.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infausting,</span></span> a bringing of ill-luck. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, -p. 179). From L. <span class='it'>infaustus</span>, unlucky.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infer,</span></span> to bring upon, inflict. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 31; to bring about, -Richard III, iv. 4. 343. L. <span class='it'>inferre</span>, to bring upon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infude,</span></span> to infuse. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 23, § 2; see -Croft’s note, ii. 351.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>infuse,</span></span> infusion. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 47.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingate,</span></span> entrance, ingress. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 650, -l. 22; Ruines of Time, 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#gate1'>gate</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingenerate,</span></span> begotten; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, bk. xviii. 323; implanted, -Sir T. Elyet, Governour, bk. i, ch. 20, § 1. L. <span class='it'>ingeneratus</span>, inborn, -implanted.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingenious,</span></span> ingenuous. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Duchess). Conversely, -<span class='it'>ingenuously</span> = ingeniously, id., Devil’s Law-case, i. 1 (Contarino).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ingine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingine, ingene,</span></span> ingenuity, quickness of intellect. B. Jonson, Tale of -a Tub, v. 2 (Tub); Every Man, v. 3 (<span class='it'>or</span> 1) (Clement). ‘Ingine’ is the -usual Scottish form (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#enginous'>enginous</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ingle1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingle,</span></span> a favourite boy, an intimate associate, darling. B. Jonson, Sil. -Woman, i. 1 (Truewit); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Viola). A -Gloucestershire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ingle, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingle,</span></span> to wheedle, coax. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2 (Imperia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingram,</span></span> ignorant. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1 -(Shorthose); Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 397; Bullein’s Dialogue, 5 (Halliwell); ‘An ingrame, <span class='it'>ignarus</span>’, -Levins, Manipulus. A Northumberland word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ingurgitation,</span></span> a gluttonous swallowing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 11, § last; id., bk. iii, c. 22, § 2. Late L. <span class='it'>ingurgitatio</span>, immoderate -eating and drinking; L. <span class='it'>gurges</span>, an abyss, used <span class='it'>fig.</span> of an insatiable craving -(Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inhabitable,</span></span> uninhabitable. Richard II, i. 1. 65; Puttenham, Eng. -Poesie, bk. iii, c. 22; p. 266. F. <span class='it'>inhabitable</span>, ‘unhabitable’ (Cotgr.). -L. <span class='it'>inhabitabilis</span>, not habitable (Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inhabited,</span></span> not dwelt in, uninhabited. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, -iii. 1 (Thierry). F. <span class='it'>inhabité</span>, uninhabited (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inholder,</span></span> a tenant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iniquity;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#vice'>vice</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>injury,</span></span> to injure. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (near the end); -Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iii. 2 (Tailby); to abuse with words, ‘We -freely give our souldiers libertie to . . . injurie him with all manner of -reproaches’, Florio, Montaigne, I. xlvii. F. <span class='it'>injurier</span> (Montaigne).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inkle,</span></span> a kind of tape. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 208; also <span class='it'>incle</span>, Shirley, -Gamester, iv. 1 (Page). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Inkle, sb.<sup>1</sup>) .</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inlawed,</span></span> brought under the protection of the law. Bacon, Henry VII -(ed. Lumby, p. 16).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inleck,</span></span> a leak in a ship, letting water in. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -i. 560. OE. <span class='it'>hlec</span>, leaky. Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inly,</span></span> inward. Two Gent. ii. 7. 18; <span class='it'>inly</span>, inwardly, Temp. v. 200; -intimately, deeply. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 38.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='inmew'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inmew;</span></span> in Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 2 (Miranda): ‘As if -a Falcon . . . at his pitch inmew the Town below him.’ Probably a misprint -for <span class='it'>innew</span>, a spelling of <span class='bold'><a href='#enew'>enew</a>,</span> q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inn,</span></span> a dwelling-place, abode, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 33; iii. 3 30; -vi. iii. 29. ME. <span class='it'>in</span>, dwelling (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3622). OE. <span class='it'>inn</span>, ‘domus’ -(Matt. xiii. 36).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>innocent,</span></span> a fool, idiot. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 98); Fletcher, -Rule a Wife, iii. 1. 14. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inquest,</span></span> a quest, search. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inquisition,</span></span> inquiry, search. Temp. i. 2. 35; ‘Inquisycion for bloode’, -Great Bible, 1539, Ps. ix. 12. L. <span class='it'>inquisitio</span>, a judicial inquiry (Vulgate, -Acts xii. 19).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>in-same,</span></span> together, in company, in late use, a mere expletive; ‘Lo! -my top I drive in-same’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 245; -‘I am seemly-shapen in-same’; id. 247. ME. <span class='it'>samen</span>, together (Ormulum, -377); <span class='it'>in same</span>, together (used as an expletive), see Wars Alex. 2646.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insecution,</span></span> close pursuit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 524; xxiii. 448. -Late L. <span class='it'>insecutio</span>, ‘persecutio’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insense;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#incense'>incense</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insignement,</span></span> teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, -c. 12, § 5. See <span class='bold'><a href='#enseignement'>enseignement</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insolence,</span></span> originality of genius (of a poet); ‘Being filled with furious -insolence’, Spenser, Colin Clout, 619. See Trench, Sel. Gl. 150.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>insolent,</span></span> unusual, original; ‘Most loftie, insolent, and passionate’, -Puttenham. Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 31; p. 77. L. <span class='it'>insolens</span>, unusual.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instance,</span></span> urgency; ‘With all instance and supplicacion’ (= Vulgate, -<span class='it'>in omni instantia et obsecratione</span>), Tyndale, Eph. vi. 18). F. <span class='it'>instance</span>, urgency -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instance,</span></span> something which urges or impels, a motive, cause. -Richard III, iii. 2. 25; All’s Well, iv. 1. 44. Late L. <span class='it'>instantia</span>, -urgency.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instant,</span></span> urgent, persevering. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Rom. xii. 12 (AV.); <span class='it'>instantly</span>, -urgently, earnestly, Luke vii. 4 (Tyndale and AV.). L. <span class='it'>instans</span>, persevering -(Vulgate, Acts vi. 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instate,</span></span> to endow. Measure for M. v. 1. 429; <span class='it'>instate to</span>, make over to, -Dekker and Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (O. Thorney).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instaure,</span></span> to renew, repair. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Jacomo). -L. <span class='it'>instaurare</span>, to renew (Vulgate, Eph. i. 10).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instinction,</span></span> instigation, inspiration. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -ch. 13, § 4; natural impulse, instinct, id., bk. iii, ch. 3, § 5. Deriv. of L. -<span class='it'>instinctus</span>, instigated, pp. of <span class='it'>instinguere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>instop,</span></span> to stop up or fill up the seams of a ship. Dryden, Annus -Mirabilis, st. 147. Du. <span class='it'>instoppen</span>, to cram in (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intend,</span></span> to stretch or shoot out (of a dragon’s sting). Spenser, F. Q. i. -11. 38. L. <span class='it'>intendere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intend,</span></span> to attend to; ‘(When Augustus was at the games) he did nothing -else but intend the same’, Holland, tr. Suetonius. 60 (Trench, Sel. -Gl. 151); ‘Every man profiteth in that he most intendeth’, Bacon, Essay -29; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce); Massinger, Emperor -of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intendiment,</span></span> understanding. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 32; Teares of the -Muses, 144. Med. L. <span class='it'>intendimentum</span>, ‘mens, intelligentia’, <span class='it'>intendere</span>, ‘intelligere’ -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>interesse,</span></span> the being concerned or having part in the possession of -anything; ‘interest’, title, or claim; ‘The right title and interesse that -they have’, Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 2, § 5; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 33; interest -on money, Hen. VIII, Instruct. Orator (NED.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>interesse</span>, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1388 -(NED.); Med. L. <span class='it'>interesse</span>, ‘usura, foenus, quod ultra sortem solvitur, vel -quod quanti alicujus interest’ (Ducange); subst. use of L. <span class='it'>interesse</span>, to be -between, to be of importance.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='interessed'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>interessed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>, interested; ‘(They) were commonly interessed therein -themselves for their own ends’, Bacon, Essay 3 (end); ‘The heathens . . . -were nothing interessed in that dispute’, Dryden, Pref. Religio Laici (ed. -Christie, Clar. Press, p. 123); Massinger, Duke of Milan, i. 1; spelt <span class='it'>interest</span>, -invested with a right or share, King Lear, i. 1. 87.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>interest,</span></span> to invest a person with a share in, or title to something; -‘Aurora ravish’d him . . . And interested him amongst the Gods’, Chapman, -tr. Odyssey, xv. 326.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>interlunar,</span></span> between two moons; with reference to the period between -the waning of the old and the waxing of the new moon; ‘Silent as the -moon . . . Hid in her vacant interlunar cave’, Milton, Samson, 89. -L. <span class='it'>lunaris</span>, relating to the moon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intrince,</span></span> intricate, entangled. King Lear, ii. 2. 81; short for <span class='it'>intrinsicate</span>, -Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 307. Deriv. of L. <span class='it'>intrinsecus</span>, inwardly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>intuse,</span></span> a bruise. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 33. L. <span class='it'>intusus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>intundere</span>, -to bruise.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inundant,</span></span> inundating, overflowing. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. v -(Generous), vol. iv, p. 252, l. 4. L. <span class='it'>inundare</span>, to inundate.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invect,</span></span> to inveigh. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 3 (M. -Tullius). Cp. L. <span class='it'>invectio</span>, an attacking with words, deriv. of <span class='it'>invehere</span>, to -inveigh against.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invent,</span></span> to find. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 10; v. 11. 50.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invest,</span></span> to enwrap, to enfold; ‘While night Invests the sea’, Milton, -P. L. i. 208; iii. 10; vii. 372; to put on, to don, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 18. -L <span class='it'>investire</span>, to clothe.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>investion,</span></span> investiture. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (near the end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invinced,</span></span> unconquered; never before conquered. Heywood, Silver -Age, A iii (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 131. L. <span class='it'>vincere</span>, to conquer. Only found -in Heywood’s writings.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>invious,</span></span> pathless, trackless. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 386. Cp. L. <span class='it'>invius</span>; -from <span class='it'>via</span>, a way.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>inward,</span></span> intimate, confidential; ‘Inward Counsellours’, Bacon, Essays, -20, § 4; Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Mendoza); an intimate acquaintance, -‘I was an inward of his’, Measure for M. iii. 2. 138.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iper,</span></span> a kind of fish, of small value; ‘Amongst fishes, a poor iper’, -Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). Only in this passage.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Irish,</span></span> an old game resembling backgammon. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, v. 4 (Lady); the Irish game, Shirley, St. Patrick (Epilogue). See -Cotton’s Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 109.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>irous,</span></span> wrathful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>irous</span> (Gower); from L. <span class='it'>ira</span>, anger.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>irpes</span></span> (?). ‘From Spanish shrugs, French faces, smirks, irpes, and all -affected humours, Good Mercury defend us’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -v. 3 (<span class='it'>Palinode</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Isgrim,</span></span> the name of the wolf in the story of Reynard the Fox. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert). <span class='it'>Isegrim</span> in Caxton’s version; -<span class='it'>Isengrijn</span> in Willem’s Low German poem; <span class='it'>Ysegrim</span> in Leeu’s Low German -prose version; see Caxton’s Reynard (ed. Arber, p. ix).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>island,</span></span> a shock-dog, rough dog; lit. ‘Iceland dog’, Shirley, Hyde Park, -i. 2 (Mis. Car.); ‘Her Iceland cur’, Massinger, The Picture, v. 1 (Ubaldo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iulan,</span></span> of the first growth of the beard; ‘Iulan down’, Middleton, The -Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero). Gk. ἴουλος, the first growth of the beard. -Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ivybush,</span></span> the bush of ivy hung out as a vintner’s sign. Earle, Microcosmographie, -§ 12; ed. Arber, p. 33. The same as <span class='it'>bush</span> in As You Like -It (Epilogue).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='iwis'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>iwis, ywis,</span></span> (often written <span class='it'>I wis</span>), certainly, assuredly. Tam. Shrew, -i. 1. 62; Richard III, i. 3. 102; <span class='it'>ywis</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 19; <span class='it'>i-wusse</span>, -B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); <span class='it'>wusse</span>, id., Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz). -ME. <span class='it'>iwis</span>, certainly, truly (Chaucer, Compleint, 48); OE. <span class='it'>gewiss</span>, certain.</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='J'>J</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jack,</span></span> a lad, fellow, chap, a young knave. Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 290; -Middleton, Women beware, i. 2 (Ward); Heywood, Wise Woman of -Hogsdon, v. 1 (Sir Harry); a Knave in Cards, Cotton, Complete Gamester, -ix; figure of a man striking the bell on the outside of a clock, -Richard III, iv. 2. 117; also, <span class='it'>Jack o’ the clock</span>, Richard II, v. 5. 60; <span class='it'>Jack i’ -the clock-house</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 5. 3; <span class='it'>jack</span>, the piece of wood -with a quill for plucking the strings of the ‘virginal’, Shaks., Sonnet 128; -<span class='it'>Jack o’ Bethleem</span>, see <span class='bold'><a href='#bedlam'>bedlam</a>;</span> <span class='it'>Jack in box</span>, one who deceived tradesmen by -substituting empty boxes for boxes full of money, Middleton, Spanish -Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song), see Dyce, iv. 164; <span class='it'>Jack-a-Lent</span>, a small stuffed -puppet thrown at during Lent; a butt, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 27; v. 5. 134; -Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 4 (Rowland).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jack,</span></span> a coat of quilted or plated leather, a coat of defence. Drayton, -Pol. xxii. 166; ‘His golden-plated Iacke’, Twyne, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x, -314.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jack,</span></span> a drinking-measure, pot; said to contain half a pint. Taming -Shrew, iv. 1. 51; Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jackman;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#jarkman'>jarkman</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jack merlin,</span></span> a male merlin or hawk. Beaumont and Fl., Honest -Man’s Fortune, v. 1. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jacob’s staff;</span></span> ‘A pilgrim’s staff, so called from those who go on -pilgrimage to the city of St. Iago, or St. James Compostella in Spain’, -Blount, Glossographia; with reference to Gen. xxxii. 10, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 6. 35; a cross-staff, an instrument for measuring heights and distances, -Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Techelles); Beaumont and Fl., Elder -Brother, ii. 1 (Brisac); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 786; used by astrologers -and astronomers, Marmyon’s Fine Companion (Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaculation,</span></span> a hurling. Milton, P. L. vi. 665. L. <span class='it'>jaculatio</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jade,</span></span> to over-drive, to pursue to weariness; ‘It is a dull thing to tire, -and, as we say, to <span class='it'>Iade</span> anything too farre’, Bacon, Essay 32; ‘The ne’er-yet -beaten horse of Parthia We have jaded out o’ th’ field’, Ant. and Cl. -iii. 1. 34. From ‘jade’, a contemptuous term for a horse; Scot. <span class='it'>jaud</span>; -Norm. F. *<span class='it'>jaude</span>, Icel. <span class='it'>jalda</span>, a mare; cp. Scot. <span class='it'>yaud</span>, an old worn-out horse, -see EDD. (s.v. Jade).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jambeux,</span></span> leggings, armour for the legs. Dryden, Palamon and Arc., -iii. 35; spelt <span class='it'>giambeux</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. <span class='it'>jambeux</span> (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2065). See Dict. (s.v. Jamb).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jane,</span></span> a small silver coin of Genoa, introduced into England in Chaucer’s -time. Phr. <span class='it'>many a Jane</span> (i.e. much money), Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 58 (borrowed -from Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1925). OF. <span class='it'>Janne</span>(<span class='it'>s</span>, Genoa.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jane,</span></span> a twilled cotton cloth, a kind of fustian, ‘jean’; ‘Jane judgments’, -coarse, common judgments, Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 8. -Named from Genoa.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='jant1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jant,</span></span> to over-tire a horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 87. 3; <span class='it'>jaunt</span>, -Cotgrave (s.v. Jancer). See <span class='bold'><a href='#jaunce'>jaunce</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jant,</span></span> smart, showy; ‘To Smeton . . . Where were dainty ducks, and -jant ones’, Brathwaite, Drunken Barnaby, 119.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>janty, jaunty,</span></span> genteel, elegant, stylish; <span class='it'>janty</span>, Parson’s Wedding, -i. 3 (Sad); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xiv. 401 (but spelt <span class='it'>ganty</span> in ed. 1663); -<span class='it'>jantee</span>, Shadwell, Timon (epilogue). Anglicized phonetic representation of -F. <span class='it'>gentil</span>, see NED. (s.v. Jaunty).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jape,</span></span> to jest, joke. Berners, Froissart, I, ccxxxiii. 324; ‘I dyd but jape -with hym’, Palsgrave; a merry tale, a jest, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -iii, ch. 29, § 2; Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 31. ME. <span class='it'>jape</span>, vb. (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. -1699; sb. C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4201). Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>gap</span>, ‘plaisanterie, raillerie’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jar,</span></span> to grate; hence, to quarrel, dispute; ‘We will not jar’, Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Barabas); <span class='it'>jarre</span>, Gascoigne, Works, i. 105; l. 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jar,</span></span> a grating noise; the tick of a clock; also, a quarrel, dispute; ‘A -jar of the clock’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 43; ‘fallen at jars’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 253.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='jarkman'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jarkman,</span></span> an educated beggar. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. -1.4; ‘A Ia[r]ckeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake -latin; he vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and -sets to Seales, in their language called Iarkes’, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 5. -Spelt <span class='it'>Jackman</span>, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (first stage direction).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jasp,</span></span> a jasper. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 11. ME. <span class='it'>jasp</span> (Wyclif, -Isaiah liv. 12), OF. <span class='it'>jaspe</span>. L. <span class='it'>iaspis</span>. Gk. ἴασπις.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaum,</span></span> to ‘jam’, press, squeeze; to be hard upon, to jeer at. Heywood, -Witches of Lancs., A. i (near the end); vol. iv, p. 186. In prov. use in -Yorks. and Lincoln, meaning ‘to squeeze’; see EDD. (s.v. Jam).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='jaunce'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaunce,</span></span> to stir a horse, to make him prance, used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Richard II, v. 5. -94; a weary journey, Rom. and Jul. ii. 5. 53; <span class='it'>geances</span>, troublesome journeys, -B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). ‘Jaunce’ is in use in Sussex -for a weary or tiring journey, see EDD. (s.v. Jance). F. <span class='it'>jancer un cheval</span>, -‘to stirre a horse in the stable till he sweat with-all, or as our <span class='it'>jaunt</span>’ -(Cotgr.). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaunt;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#jant1'>jant</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jaunts</span></span> (?); ‘You lead me fair jaunts, sir’, Middleton, Mich. Term, -iii. 5 (Shortyard). Perhaps the same word as <span class='it'>jaunce</span>, taken as a plural; -from <span class='it'>jaunts</span> thus evolved would come our <span class='it'>jaunt</span>. If this explanation be -correct, Middleton’s word would mean ‘troublesome journeys’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>javel,</span></span> a low fellow; ‘He called the fellow ribbalde, villaine, javel’, -Robynson, tr. More’s Utopia, 46; Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 309; Appius -and Virginia, Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 150; <span class='it'>javill</span>, Roper’s Life of Sir Thos. More -(in Robynson’s Utopia, p. lv). ME. <span class='it'>javel</span>, ‘joppus, joppa’ (Prompt. EETS., -see note, no. 1097).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jawme,</span></span> a ‘jamb’, side post of a door-way. Spelt <span class='it'>jame</span>, Golding, Metam. -xii. 281; fol. 146, bk. (1603); <span class='it'>jawme</span>, id. (1593). ‘Jawm’ (‘Jaum’) is -still the prov. form in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Jamb). F. <span class='it'>jambe</span>, -‘the leg, the jaumbe or side-post of a door’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jawn,</span></span> a chine, fissure, chasm. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#chawne'>chawne</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jerk,</span></span> to scourge, whip, lash; ‘<span class='it'>Fouetter</span>, to scourge, yerke, or jerke’, -Cotgrave; a sharp stroke with a whip, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, -i. 4 (Satire). Hence <span class='it'>jerker</span>, one who lashes severely; Beaumont and Fl., -Wit without Money, iv. 3. 3. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yerk'>yerk</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jernie,</span></span> to utter a profane oath; ‘Although he jernie and blaspheme’, -Butler, On our Imitation of the French (near the end); Remains (ed. -1759, i. 84); see NED. F. <span class='it'>jerni</span> (<span class='it'>jarni</span>), for <span class='it'>jarnidieu</span>, i.e. <span class='it'>je renie Dieu</span>, I -renounce God. See Cotgrave (s.v. <span class='it'>Jarnigoy</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jert,</span></span> to use a whip. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, viii. 52. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jest,</span></span> a deed, action; ‘A worthy jest’, Wounds of Civil War, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vii. 186; ‘in this jest’, in this action, Downfall of E. of -Huntingdon, i. 3 (Robin); in Hazlitt, viii. 114. See <a href='#gest2'><span class='bold'>gest</span>(<span class='bold'>e</span></a><span class='bold'>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jet,</span></span> to fling about the body, to strut about, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 36; ‘I -jette, <span class='it'>Je me jamboye</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Jet’ in this sense is a Warwicksh. -word, see EDD. (s.v. Jet, 4). F. <span class='it'>jetter</span> (<span class='it'>jecter</span>), to throw (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jet upon,</span></span> to encroach upon, Richard III, ii. 4. 51; Titus Andron. ii. 1. 64.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jetty,</span></span> to move about briskly. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jew’s ear,</span></span> an edible cup-shaped fungus, growing on roots and trunks -of trees, <span class='it'>Hirneola</span> or <span class='it'>Exidia Auricula-Judæ</span>. Heywood, Witches of Lancs, iii -(Joan), in Wks. iv. 207; ‘Jew’s eares . . . an excrescence about the roots -of Elder, and concerneth not the Nation of the Jews, but Judas Iscariot, -upon a conceit, he hanged on this tree’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, -ii. 7. 8 (Pseud. Ep. ii. 6. 101, NED.). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jib-crack,</span></span> a ‘gimcrack’. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 7.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jiggumbob,</span></span> a trifle, toy, knick-knack, thing of slight value. <span class='it'>Jiggembobs</span>, -Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Fabricio); <span class='it'>jigambob</span>, -Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 1. 14; <span class='it'>jiggumbobs</span>, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 108.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jigmaker,</span></span> a ballad-writer. Hamlet, iii. 2. 131. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. I, i. 1 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='jimmal-ring'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jimmal-ring,</span></span> a double ring (sometimes a treble ring), the rings being -linked by a hinge. The <span class='it'>jimmall-ring</span>, or True-love-knot, Herrick. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#gimmal'>gimmal</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>job,</span></span> to stab slightly, to peck. Tusser, Husbandry, § 37. 12. In prov. -use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>jobbyn</span>: ‘byllen or iobbyn as bryddys, -iobbyn with the byl’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jobbernowl,</span></span> a jocular term for the head, usually connoting stupidity. -Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 815; Marston, Scourge of Villanie, ii. 6. 200; a stupid -person, a blockhead, ‘<span class='it'>Teste de bœuf</span>, a joult-head, jobbernoll, cod’s-head, -logger-head, one whose wit is as little as his head is great’, Cotgrave. In -prov. use in both senses in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>job-nut,</span></span> the name of a childish game, in which hazel-nuts are perforated -and strung through, in order to be knocked against each other. -Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). See NED. (s.v. <span class='it'>Job</span>, sb. (3)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>John Dory.</span></span> The name of a popular song, ab. 1609; ‘I’ll have John -Dorrie! For to that warlike tune I will be open’d’, Fletcher, The Chances, -iii. 2 (Antonio). The legend is, that he was a commander of a French -privateer, who undertook to take English prisoners to Paris, but was -himself captured in the attempt; ‘Would I had gone to Paris with John -Dory’ (ironical), Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Humphrey). -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jointer,</span></span> joint-possessor. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1366); scene 10. 8 -(W.); p. 170, col. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jollyhead,</span></span> jollity, mirth. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 32.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jouissance,</span></span> pleasure, merriment, mirth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 25; -Nov., 2. F. <span class='it'>jouissance</span>, an enjoying (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>journall,</span></span> daily. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 31; Cymb. iv. 2. 10. F. <span class='it'>journal</span>, -‘journal, daily’ (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>diurnalis</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jovy,</span></span> ‘jovial’, merry. Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii 1 -(Mirabel); B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 3 (Kastril).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jowl, joll,</span></span> to strike, knock, esp. the head. As You Like It, i. 3. 59; -Hamlet, v. 1. 84; ‘<span class='it'>I jolle</span> one aboute the eares’, Palsgrave. Beaumont -and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1. In prov. use in many parts of England from -Lakeland to E. Anglia (EDD.). Deriv. of ME. ‘<span class='it'>jolle</span> or heed, <span class='it'>caput</span>’ -(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1112).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>judge,</span></span> the name of the rook or castle in the game of chess. Only in -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20. Fitzherbert’s rendering of <span class='it'>justitiarius</span>, -the name applied to the rook in a Latin treatise on chess (<span class='it'>c.</span> 1400 <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span>). -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>judgement,</span></span> a competent critic, a judge. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 208; -Dryden, Prol. to Secret Love, 45; Epil. to Evening Love, 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Jug,</span></span> a familiar substitution for the female name of Joan; ‘<span class='it'>Clown</span> [to <span class='it'>Joan</span>], -Bring him away, <span class='it'>Jug</span>! Enter <span class='it'>Joan</span>, with a fish’, Rowley, A Woman never -vext, i. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 115. In Espinasse’s Lancashire Worthies -Joan, the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Byrom, is familiarly called ‘Jugg’. -See Bardsley’s English Surnames, p. 49 (note). This familiar name was -applied to a homely woman, a maid-servant, the sweetheart of a peasant, -King Lear, i. 4. 247; ‘A soldier and his jug’, A Knack to know a Knave -(Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511); Preston, K. Cambises (Davies, Gl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jugal,</span></span> conjugal, matrimonial; ‘The jugal knot’, Middleton, A Fair -Quarrel, ii. 2 (Jane). Cp. L. <span class='it'>vinclum jugale</span> (Virgil).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>julio,</span></span> an Italian coin worth about sixpence. Webster, White Devil -(Monticelso), ed. Dyce, p. 23; Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Frapolo). Ital. -<span class='it'>giulio</span>, named after Pope Julius II (1503-13); a coin by Julius the Pope -worth sixpence sterling (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jument,</span></span> a beast; properly a beast of burden. Cartwright, The -Ordinary, ii. 1 (Slicer). OF. <span class='it'>jument</span>, a beast of burden; a mare (Cotgr.). -L. <span class='it'>jumentum</span>, a yoke-beast.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jump,</span></span> a kind of short coat for men; ‘Your velvet jumps’, Wycherley, -Gent. Dancing-master, Epilogue, 33. In prov. use in various parts of -England meaning a loose jacket, a child’s frock, also, a kind of stays, open -in front (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jump,</span></span> to hazard, risk, Macbeth, i. 7. 7; Cymbeline, v. 4. 187; hence -<span class='it'>jump</span>, hazard, venture, Ant. and Cl. iii. 8. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jump with,</span></span> to agree, tally, coincide with, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 32; -Taming Shrew, i. 1. 194; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 78; hence, <span class='it'>jump</span>, exactly, -precisely, Hamlet, i. 1. 65; Othello, ii. 3. 392. In prov. use both as vb. -and adv. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>juppon,</span></span> a close-fitting doublet worn under a hauberk. Dryden, -Palamon, iii. 28. F. <span class='it'>jupon</span>, a short cassock (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>justle,</span></span> to ‘jostle’. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 129.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jut, jutt,</span></span> to jolt, bump, knock, push. Earle, Microcosmographie, -no. 39, Plausible Man; <span class='it'>jutte</span>, a bump, push, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 8. -In use in Yorks, Notts, and Linc. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>jutty,</span></span> to project beyond, to overhang. Hen. V, iii. 1. 13; ‘Let their -eie-browes juttie over’, Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12 a (Appendix, D. 138); -ed. Schick, p. 121; the projecting part of a wall or building, Macbeth, i. -6. 6. Compare the Glouc. word ‘jetty’, to protrude (EDD.).</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='K'>K</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ka'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ka,</span></span> for <span class='it'>quo’</span> (<span class='it'>quoth</span>, <span class='it'>quotha</span>); ‘Enamoured ka? mary sir say that againe’, -Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek); Peele, Old Wives Tale (ed. Dyce, -455); Penry, Mar-Prelate’s Epitome, 21 (EDD.). In prov. use in Durham, -Cumberland, Suffolk (EDD.). Also, <span class='it'>ko</span>, ‘I feare him not, Ko she’, Roister -Doister, iii. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kaa me, kaa thee,</span></span> i.e. do me a good turn, and I will do thee the -same. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 3) (Quicksilver); Massinger, City Madam, -ii. 1 (Goldwire). So in Scotland they say ‘Kae me and I’ll kae thee’, in -Northumberland ‘Kaa me, kaa thee’, or, ‘Kaa mee an aa’ll kaa thee’; -‘Ka me and I’ll ka thee, <span class='it'>Serva me, servabo te</span>’, Coles, Dict. (1679). See Nares. -Cp. the phr. ‘Claw me, claw thee’ used in the same sense.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kad,</span></span> to caw. Chapman, All Fools, iii. 1 (Valerio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kails, keils,</span></span> nine-pins; ‘A game called nine-pins, or keils’, B. Jonson, -Chloridia (Antimasque). Du. <span class='it'>kegel</span>, a pin, kail.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='kam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kam,</span></span> crooked, awry. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 304. Welsh <span class='it'>cam</span>, crooked; Irish -<span class='it'>cam</span> (Dinneen). See <span class='bold'><a href='#kim-kam'>kim-kam</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>karl hemp,</span></span> the male hemp. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 24; also called -<span class='it'>churl hemp</span>, Fitzherbert, Husb., § 146. 28. See <span class='bold'><a href='#carl1'>carl</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='karne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>karne,</span></span> a ‘kern’, a foot-soldier. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 8. -Irish <span class='it'>ceatharnach</span>, a foot-soldier, deriv. of <span class='it'>ceatharn</span>, a band of fighting men -(Dinneen). See <span class='bold'><a href='#keteryng'>keteryng</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>katexoken,</span></span> for <span class='it'>kat’exochēn</span>, super-eminently. Massinger, Guardian, -iii. 1. 7. Gk. κατ’ ἐξοχήν, by way of eminence.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='keak'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keak, keke,</span></span> to cackle as a goose; ‘The silver Gander keaking cried’, -Phaer, Aeneid viii, 655; ‘Theves . . . had stolne Jupiter, had a gouse not -a kekede’, Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 130). Cp. <span class='it'>Kek, kek!</span>, the cry of -the goose and duck, in Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 499.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kecksies,</span></span> hemlocks, ‘kexes’. Hen. V, v. 2. 52 (printed <span class='it'>kecksyes</span>). See -Dict. (s.v. Kex).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='keech'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keech,</span></span> a lump of congealed fat. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55. In <span class='it'>fig.</span> use, ‘I -wonder that such a Keech can . . . Take up the Rayes o’ th’ beneficiall -Sun’, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55; ‘Did not goodwife Keech the Butcher’s wife -come in?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101. ‘Keech’ for a lump of chandler’s fat -is in common prov. use in Warwickshire, the west Midlands, and Somerset -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keel,</span></span> to cool, to cool by skimming or otherwise. L. L. L. v. 2. 930; -spelt <span class='it'>kele</span>, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246, back; <span class='it'>keele</span>, Palsgrave. In prov. -use in Scotland and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Keel, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1). -ME. <span class='it'>kelyn</span>, to make cold, to wax cold (Prompt. EETS. 252, see note, no. 1184); -OE. <span class='it'>cēlan</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>cōl</span>, cool.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keep cut;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#cut3'>cut</a></span> (3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keep,</span></span> heed, care. Phr. <span class='it'>take thou no keep</span>, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; -Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 85; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 40. ME. <span class='it'>tak keep</span>, take heed -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 431).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keight,</span></span> caught. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 30; v. 6. 39.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keiser,</span></span> emperor. Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 1 (Memnon); <span class='it'>kesar</span>, Spenser, -Tears of the Muses, 570; <span class='it'>keysar</span>, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 498. -Du. <span class='it'>keyser</span> (Hexham); cp. G. <span class='it'>Kaiser</span>; L. <span class='it'>Caesar</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#keak'>keak</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kell,</span></span> the fatty membrane investing the intestines, the caul. Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 35; a cocoon, an enveloping web, B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); Drayton, Pol. iii. 120; the film formed by gossamer-threads -on the grass, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 54; Turbervile -Hunting, 76. Cp. ‘kell’ in prov. use, meaning the caul, a cap of network, -a film on the eye, &c. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>kelle</span>, ‘reticulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 246, -see note, no. 1149).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='kell2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kell,</span></span> a kiln. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 51. A Suffolk form, see EDD. -(s.v. Kiln, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#kill'>kill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kemb,</span></span> to comb. B. Jonson, Catiline, Act i, chorus, 31; Marlowe, tr. of -Ovid’s Elegies, i. 7 (last line). In prov. use in Scotland, and in Yorks. and -Lanc. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>kembe</span>, to comb (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2142); OE. <span class='it'>cemban</span>; -<span class='it'>camb</span>, a comb.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kemlin,</span></span> a large tub used in bread-making, salting meat, &c. Coles, -Dict. (s.v. Kimnel); <span class='it'>kemelin</span>, Levins, Manip. A north-country word -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>kymlyn</span>, ‘or kelare’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, <span class='it'>kemelyn</span> (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3548). See <span class='bold'><a href='#kimnel'>kimnel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kempe, kemp,</span></span> a warrior, champion. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 31; -bk. vii, c. 8. OE. <span class='it'>cempa</span>; Med. L. <span class='it'>campio</span> (Ducange), from <span class='it'>campus</span>, field of -battle; ME. <span class='it'>kemp</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, a warrior, soldier (Wars Alex. 2216, 5499); OE. -<span class='it'>cempa</span>, ‘miles’ (Matt. viii. 9, Rushworth MS.). See Schade (s.v. Camphjo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ken,</span></span> a house (Cant); ‘A boor’s ken’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 -(Ferret). Hence also <span class='it'>libkin</span> or <span class='it'>lib ken</span>, <span class='it'>stalling ken</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bouzing-ken'>bouzing-ken</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ken</span>(<span class='bold'>n,</span></span> to discern. Milton, P. L. i. 59; v. 265; xi. 396; 2 Hen. VI, -iii. 2. 101; range of vision, P. L. xi. 379; power or exercise of vision, -Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 111; hence, <span class='it'>kenning</span>, range of sight, the -distance visible at sea, Chapman, Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 (Septimius); -Kyd, Soliman, v. 2. 69.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kennet,</span></span> a small dog for hunting. Pl. <span class='it'>kenettys</span>, Boke of St. Albans, fol. -F iv, back; <span class='it'>kennets</span>, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretts; the whole -passage is copied from the former). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>kenette</span> (Bozon), dimin. of -<span class='it'>kien</span> (= F. <span class='it'>chien</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Kent:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>Kent or Christendom</span>. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Turfe); -‘Sith the Saxon King, Never was Woolfe seene, many nor some, Nor in all -Kent, nor in Christendome’ (i.e. nowhere), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 153; -the Glosse has: ‘It was wont to be an olde proverbe and common phrase. -The original whereof was, for that most part of England in the reigne of -King Ethelbert was christened, Kent onely except, which remayned long -after in mysbeliefe and unchristened: so that Kent was counted no part -of Christendome.’ Ray in his English Proverbs accepts this explanation -(ed. Bohn, p. 206). According to Fuller’s opinion, ‘Neither in Kent nor -Christendom’ meant, neither in Kent, which was first converted to -Christendom, nor in any other part of our English Christendom (i.e. -nowhere in England). Also, <span class='it'>in Kent and Christendom</span> (i.e. everywhere); -‘I am here in Kent and Christendom, Among the Muses, where I read and -rhyme’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 218).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Kentish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Kentish long-tails,</span></span> a nickname applied to the natives of Kent. -Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 207). The story of the origin of the -nickname is told by Fuller in his Worthies, Kent, under <span class='it'>Kentish Long-tailes</span>. -See NED. (s.v. Long-tail, 2). Not only Kentish men but Englishmen in -general were called ‘<span class='it'>caudati</span> per contumeliam’ by their French neighbours, -see Ducange (s.v. Caudatus); cp. ‘ces Engloys <span class='it'>couez</span>’ (Chans. Norm.) in -Moisy (s.v. Cue, p. 250).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kersen;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cursen'>cursen</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kerve,</span></span> to carve as a sculptor; ‘Enstructed in painting or kervinge’, -Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 1. ME. <span class='it'>kerve</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -ii. 325). OE. <span class='it'>ceorfan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kest,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> cast. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 15; Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 45; -plotted, considered, id. i. 30. In gen. prov. use in the north country, -see EDD. (s.v. Cast, 2 (7)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='keteryng'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>keteryng,</span></span> a ‘cateran’, a Highland or Irish marauder; ‘A Scottishe -keteryng’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 75; l. 218; ‘Irish keterynges’, ib., Against -the Scottes, 83. See NED. (s.v. Cateran). See <span class='bold'><a href='#karne'>karne</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ketler,</span></span> an inexperienced gamester, a novice at gambling; Bunglers -and ketlers’ [at gambling], Middleton, Black Book (ed. Dyce, v. -543).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ketling,</span></span> inexperienced; ‘Like an old cunning bowler to fetch in -a young <span class='it'>ketling</span> gamester’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce, -v. 589). See NED. (s.v. Kitling, B).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>key,</span></span> a quay. Dryden, Annus Mirab. st. 231; Middleton, Women -beware, i. 3. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kibbo,</span></span> a cudgel. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii. 1 (Scapin, in a Lancs. -dialect). In Ray (ed. 1691. MS. Add.) ‘kibbo’ is given as a Cheshire word -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kid,</span></span> a faggot, small bundle of sticks; ‘Kydde, a fagotte’, Palsgrave; -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 29. In prov. use in various parts of England -from the north country to Essex, see EDD. (s.v. Kid, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>kydd</span>, -‘fascis’ (Prompt. EETS. 247).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kid,</span></span> a roebuck in its first year. Spelt <span class='it'>kyde</span>, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4; -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='kid3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kid,</span></span> notorious; ‘The colonel was a cuckold, or a kid pirate’, Farquhar, -Sir Harry Wildair, i. 1 (Fireball). ME. <span class='it'>kid</span>, renowned, famous, illustrious -(Wars Alex., see Gl. Index); <span class='it'>kyd</span>, known (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1943), pp. of -<span class='it'>kythe</span>, to make known (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 748). OE. <span class='it'>cȳðan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kie, kye,</span></span> cows. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Lorel). In gen. prov. -use in the north for the plural of ‘cow’ (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>cȳ</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>cū</span>, -cow.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kiff,</span></span> for <span class='it'>kith</span>, relationship, standing in relationship, Middleton, A Chaste -Maid, iv. 1 (Tim); Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 30.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='kill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kill,</span></span> a kiln. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Jer. xliii. 9; Nahum, iii. 14 (ed. 1611). A common -prov. form in many parts of England—the north country, Essex, and -Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Kiln, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Hence <span class='it'>kill-hole</span>, Merry Wives, iv. 2. 59 -(ed. 1623). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#kell2'>kell</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kill-cow,</span></span> a murderous fellow, butcher; a great fighter. Fletcher, -Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); perhaps with reference to the story of -Guy of Warwick. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kimbo,</span></span> resembling arms set a-kimbo, Dryden, tr. of Virgil; Pastorals, -iii. 67; <span class='it'>on kimbow</span>, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Novel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='kim-kam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kim-kam,</span></span> crooked, perverse. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 44. -Cp. the Shropshire saying, ‘Let’s a none o’ your kim-kam ways’ (EDD.). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#kam'>kam</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='kimnel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kimnel,</span></span> a tub used for brewing, kneading, or salting meat. Beaumont -and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Alexander); ‘A <span class='it'>kimnel</span>, cadus salsamentarius’, -Coles, Dict., 1679; ‘kymnell, <span class='it'>quevette</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>kymnelle</span>, ‘amula’ -(Cath. Angl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kinchin mort,</span></span> a very young female child (Cant). Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). <span class='it'>Kinchin</span> is perhaps a corrupt form of G. <span class='it'>kindchen</span>, -little child. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mort2'>mort</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kinderkind,</span></span> kilderkin, small barrel. Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 383). -Du. <span class='it'>kindekin</span>, ‘the eighth part of a vat’ (Kilian). See NED. (s.v. Kilderkin), -and Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kindle,</span></span> to give birth to young, bring forth. As You Like It, iii. 2. 358; -‘I kyndyll, as a she-hare or cony dothe’, Palsgrave. Very common in -prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>hyndlyn</span>, or brynge forthe yonge kyndelyngys, -‘feto’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kindless,</span></span> unnatural. Hamlet, ii. 2. 609; Poole, David (ed. Dyce, p. 466).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Kirsome,</span></span> Christian; ‘As I’m true Kirsome woman’, Beaumont and -Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7. 5. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cursen'>cursen</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kite,</span></span> a term of detestation. Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1. 16; -iii. 4. 16; Hen. V, ii. 1. 80; King Lear, i. 4. 284; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 89; -Udall, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 83).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kiss the post,</span></span> to be shut out of a house in consequence of arriving too -late (there being nothing else to kiss but the doorpost); ‘Make haste, thou -art best, for fear thou kiss the post’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, -p. 47.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kix,</span></span> a ‘kex’, dried-up stalk; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, -i. 2 (Mercury).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knacker,</span></span> a harness-maker. Tusser, Husbandry, § 58. 5. In Lancashire -<span class='it'>knacker</span> is a term for a tanner (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knap,</span></span> a knave, a rogue. Spelt <span class='it'>knappe</span>, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 (Dulipo); -Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80. ‘A regular knap’, ‘a deead knap’ are -Yorkshire expressions for a cunning knave, see EDD. (s.v. Knap, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knap,</span></span> a small hill, a mound, knoll. Bacon, Essay 45; a hill-top, Golding, -Metam. xi. 339 (L. ‘vertice’). In prov. use in Scotland, and in various -parts of England (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>cnæpp</span>, top, hill-top (Luke iv. 29).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knap,</span></span> to knock, rap, strike smartly; to sound or toll a bell. Udall, -Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80; also, to knock together, Bacon, Sylva, § 133.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knare, knar,</span></span> a knot or protuberance on a tree; ‘Woods with knots -and knares deformed’, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 536; spelt <span class='it'>gnarre</span>, Cockeram’s -Dict. (1623). See EDD. (s.v. Gnarr, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>knarry</span>, gnarled -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1977). Low G. <span class='it'>knarre</span>; Du. <span class='it'>knar</span>; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kned,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> kneaded. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (Savourwit). -In prov. use in the north, and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Knead, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knee-timber,</span></span> crooked timber, used in shipbuilding. Bacon, Essay 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='knight'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knight of the post,</span></span> a notorious perjurer; one who gets his living -by giving false evidence. Brome, Joviall Crew (Works, 1873, iii. 366); -Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, i. 10. 37; Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 -(Courtine). [Cp. Pope, Prologue to the Satires of Horace, 365, ‘Knight of -the post corrupt, or of the Shire.’] See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Knight’s Ward,</span></span> one of the four prison-divisions or ‘sides’. There were -usually but three such divisions, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward, -and the Hole; See <span class='bold'><a href='#counter3'>counter</a></span> (3). When there were four, the Knight’s Ward -came second. In Eastward Ho, v. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 2), Wolf says ‘the knight will -i’ the Knight’s Ward’, meaning that he was too humble to go into the -Master’s side. Also <span class='it'>Knight-side</span>, ‘Neither lie on the Knight-side, nor in -the Twopenny Ward’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). And see Westward -Ho, iii. 2 (Monopoly).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knill, knyll,</span></span> to sound as a bell, ring. Morte Arthur, leaf 428*, back, -6; bk. xxi, c. 10; OE. <span class='it'>cnyllan</span>, to strike, ring a bell (B. T. Suppl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knitting-cup,</span></span> a cup of wine drunk by the company immediately after -a wedding. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 1 (Compass).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knokylbonyarde,</span></span> a contemptible fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, -485. Dyce’s note gives two other examples. Deriv. of <span class='it'>knucklebone</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knot,</span></span> a flower-bed. Lyly, Euphues, p. 37; Campaspe, iii. 4 (Apelles); -Tusser. Husb. § 22. 22. In prov. use in Somerset, Dorset, and Devon, also -in the west Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.<sup>1</sup> 13).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knot,</span></span> the red-breasted sandpiper; ‘The knot that called was Canutus’ -bird of old’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 341; ‘Knotts, i, <span class='it'>Canuti aves</span>, ut opinor’, -Camden, Brit. (ed. 1607, 408). Dan. <span class='it'>knot</span>, sandpiper (Larsen). In the north -of Ireland the name for the ringed plover, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knot-grass,</span></span> a plant with small pale-pink flowers, <span class='it'>Polygonum aviculare</span>. -An infusion of it was supposed to stunt one’s growth. Mids. Night’s D. -iii. 2. 329; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knowledge,</span></span> to acknowledge; ‘I knowlege my folly’, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 12, § 3; ‘My flight from prison I knowledge’, Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, ii. 150.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knub,</span></span> a small bump. Golding, Metam. viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603); -‘knubbe, <span class='it'>callum</span>’, Levins, Manip. Low G. <span class='it'>knubbe</span>, a knob, lump; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>knurre,</span></span> a round knotty projection on a tree; ‘A knurre, <span class='it'>bruscum, -gibbus</span>’, Levins, Manip.; hence, <span class='it'>knurred</span> (<span class='it'>knurd</span>), knotted, rugged, Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, i. 302. ‘Knurr’ is in common prov. use in the north -country (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ko;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ka'>ka</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>korke,</span></span> to adorn, render illustrious; ‘Duke Lionell, that all this lyne -[family of the White Rose] doth korke’, Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 6. -From <span class='it'>corke</span>, the name of a purple dye, mentioned in Statutes of the Realm, -Act 1 Richard III. c. 8, § 3, as a dye-stuff; see NED. (s.v. Cork, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kost,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> kissed. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 256. Cp. OE. <span class='it'>coss</span>, a kiss.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='kreking'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kreking,</span></span> early dawn; ‘In the first krekyng of the day’ (F. <span class='it'>au point du -jour</span>), Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 18. 1. Du. ‘<span class='it'>het kriecken ofte aenbreken van -den dagh</span>, the creeke or the breaking of the day’ (Hexham). Cp. the Scottish -phrase ‘creek of day’, day-break (EDD.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>crique du jour</span> -(Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kursin,</span></span> to christen. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 2. ‘Kursin’,’Kirsen’ -are common forms of ‘christen’ in the north, see EDD. (s.v. Christen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kydst,</span></span> in Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 92, written incorrectly in the sense -of ‘knewest’. ME. <span class='it'>kithen</span> (pt. s. <span class='it'>kidde</span>), means ‘to make known’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#kid3'>kid</a></span> -(notorious).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kyrie,</span></span> short for ‘kyrie eleison’ (κύριε ἐλέησον), <span class='it'>Lord, have mercy upon us</span>; -the earliest and simplest form of Litany. Used humorously for a scolding, -causing an outcry; ‘But he should have such a kyrie ere he went to -bed’, Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 138; ‘This kyrie sad solfing’ -(translating <span class='it'>Talia iactanti</span>, Aeneid i, 102), Stanyhurst (ed. Arber, p. 21); -<span class='it'>kyry</span>, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 755.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>kyrsin,</span></span> Christian. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii (Clay). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cursen'>cursen</a>.</span></p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='L'>L</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='laced'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laced mutton,</span></span> a strumpet. Two Gent. i. 1. 102; B. Jonson, Neptune’s -Triumph (Boy). See NED. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mutton'>mutton</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lachesse,</span></span> negligence. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 74, back, 18. ME. -<span class='it'>lachesse</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 720), OF. <span class='it'>lachesse</span>, <span class='it'>laschesse</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>lasche</span>, slack. -L. <span class='it'>laxus</span>, lax.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lack,</span></span> to want. <span class='it'>What do y’ lack?</span> what will you buy; the constant cry -of the shopkeepers. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, Induction, l. 1; Barth. -Fair, ii. 1 (Leatherhead).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lackey,</span></span> to accompany, like a lackey or foot-boy. Massinger, Virgin -Martyr, i. 1 (Harpax). Used <span class='it'>fig.</span> ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey her’, -Milton, Comus, 455. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lad,</span></span> led; <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> of <span class='it'>lead</span>. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 4; iv. 8. 2. A Lanc. form, -see EDD. (s.v. Lead, 1 (1)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ladron,</span></span> a thief, robber. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro). Span. -<span class='it'>ladron</span>, a thief; L. <span class='it'>latro</span>, a robber.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lady,</span></span> the calcareous substance in the stomach of a lobster, serving for -the trituration of its food; fancifully supposed to resemble the outline of -a seated female figure; ‘What lady? the lady in the lobster?’ Shirley, -Witty Fair One, iii. 4 (Aimwell).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lady of the Lake,</span></span> a personage in Arthurian romance; hence, a -fairy, nymph; ‘This bevie of Ladies bright . . . all Ladyes of the lake -behight’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 120. Humorously, a woman of -light behaviour. Massinger, New Way to Pay, ii. 1 (Marrall).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lag,</span></span> slow, tardy, habitually late. Richard III, ii. 1. 91; a laggard, -Dryden, To Mr. Lee, 43; <span class='it'>lag-end</span>, latter part, fag-end, 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 24. -See EDD. (s.v. Lag, adj., 1).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>lag-goose,</span> a personification of laziness, Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 4. -In Norfolk ‘lag-goose’ is in prov. use for the wild grey goose, see EDD. -(s.v. Lag, sb.<sup>9</sup>).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lag:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>lag of duds</span>, ‘buck’ or ‘wash’ of clothes, Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, v. 1 (Higgen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lag,</span></span> to carry off, to steal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laire;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leer1'>leer</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lam,</span></span> to beat soundly, to thrash, flog. <span class='it'>Lamming</span>, a thrashing, Beaumont -and Fl., King and no King, v. 3 (Bacurius); Honest Man’s Fortune, -v. 2 (Laverdine); ‘<span class='it'>Gaulée</span>, a cudgelling, basting, lamming’, Cotgrave; -<span class='it'>lambed</span>, pp. beaten, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 (Firk). In gen. -prov. and colloq. use (EDD.). Cp. Icel. <span class='it'>lemja</span> (pret. <span class='it'>lamði</span>), lit. to lame.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lamback,</span></span> to beat severely. Rare Triumphs of Love, iv. 1 (Lentulo), -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 204; Munday, Death E. Huntington, v. 1 (Brand), -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 305.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lamia,</span></span> a fabulous monster supposed to have the body of a woman, and -to suck the blood of children. Burton, Anat. Mel. iii. 2; a witch, -sorceress, ‘Where’s the lamia That tears my entrails?’, Massinger, Virgin -Martyr, iv. 1. L. <span class='it'>lamia</span>, a witch supposed to suck children’s blood. In -the Vulgate, Isaiah xxxiv. 14, the Heb. <span class='it'>Lîlîth</span>, ‘the night-hag’, is rendered -<span class='it'>lamia</span>. Gk. Λάμια, a fabulous monster.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lampas,</span></span> a disease incident to horses, consisting in a swelling of the -fleshy lining of the roof of the mouth behind the front teeth. Described -in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 81; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 52. F. <span class='it'>lampas</span> -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lamping,</span></span> shining brightly. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 1. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>lampante</span>, -bright, shining (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lance-knight,</span></span> a mercenary foot-soldier, esp. one armed with a lance -or pike. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., ii. 4 (Brainworm). Palsgrave -has: ‘<span class='it'>Lansknyght</span>, lancequenet.’ G. <span class='it'>lanz-knecht</span>, lance-knight, a perverted -form of <span class='it'>lands-knecht</span> = land’s knight (see Weigand, s.v. Land). See Dict. -(s.v. Lansquenet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lancepesade,</span></span> a non-commissioned officer of the lowest grade, a lance-corporal. -Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1; <span class='it'>lance-presade</span>, Cleaveland, -Poems (Nares); <span class='it'>lanceprisado</span>, Fletcher, Thierry, ii. 2 (Martell). The term -was orig. applied to a trooper who having broken his lance (<span class='it'>lancia spezzata</span>) -on the enemy was entertained as a volunteer assistant to a captain of -foot, receiving his pay as a trooper until he could remount himself -(Grose). See Estienne, Précellence (ed. 1896, p. 353) for account of -<span class='it'>Lance-spessade</span>. See Stanford, and Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lanch, launch,</span></span> to cut, lance, pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 37; Heywood, -Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). OF. (Picard) <span class='it'>lancher</span> (F. <span class='it'>lancier</span>). In -W. Somerset they will ask for ‘a lanch to lanch the cow’, see EDD. (s.v. -Lance, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). See Dict. (s.v. Launch).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>land-damn,</span></span> to rate severely (?). Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 143. The word -in Shakespeare is of doubtful authenticity. The alleged survival of the -word in dialects, with the sense ‘to abuse with rancour’, appears to -be imperfectly authenticated. For ingenious conjectures see Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>landlouper,</span></span> a runner about the land, a vagabond. Bacon, Henry VII, -p. 105; spelt <span class='it'>land-loper</span>; Howell, Forraine Travell, p. 67 (Arber). Du. -<span class='it'>landt-looper</span>, ‘a vagabond, or a rogue that runnes up and downe the -countrie’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>langdebiefe,</span></span> wild bugloss. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 16; <span class='it'>langdebeef</span>, -Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. v, c. 15. OF. <span class='it'>lange de beof</span>, ‘ox tunge’, ‘lingua bovis’, -‘buglossa’ (Alphita, 24).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>langer,</span></span> to loiter about; ‘Wandryng and langerynge’, Morte Arthur, -leaf 185. 20; bk. ix, c. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Linger).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>langued,</span></span> lit. tongued; in heraldry, represented with a tongue of -a specified tincture or colour. Butler, Hud. i. 2. 259. Cp. F. <span class='it'>langué</span>, -‘langued, a term of Blazon’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lannard,</span></span> a ‘lanner’, a species of falcon. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 -(Fernando); ‘Lanarde, a hauke, lanier’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in -Cornwall for the peregrine falcon (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Lanner).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lansket,</span></span> a shutter, a panel of a door, or a lattice; ‘I peep’d in At -a loose lansket’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6 (Jaques). Only found -here (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lantedo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lantedo, lanteero;</span></span> ‘Your lantedoes nor your lanteeroes’, Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). See <span class='bold'><a href='#adelantado'>adelantado</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lanterloo,</span></span> the old name of the card game now called <span class='it'>loo</span>. Etherege, -She Would if She Could, v. 1 (Sentry). Spelt <span class='it'>Lanterlu</span>, and used as a name, -Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 3 (near the end). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lap,</span></span> a cant term for non-intoxicating drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Song); ‘<span class='it'>lap</span>, butter-milke or whey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lapise, lappise,</span></span> to yelp. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 76; id., c. 33, -p. 86; ‘lappyse or whymper’, id., c. 39, p. 108. F. <span class='it'>glappir</span>, <span class='it'>glappissement</span>, -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lapwing,</span></span> said to cry out at a distance from her nest, in order to draw -the searchers away from it. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 10 (Arruntius); -and see Massinger, Old Law, iv. 2 (Simonides); Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 -(Alexander). Very common.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lare,</span></span> a pasture. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 29. A pseudo-archaic use of <span class='it'>lair</span>, -the place where cattle lie, see EDD. (s.v. Lair, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2, § 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lare,</span></span> to fatten. So explained by Dyce, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose -Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lares,</span></span> the household gods in Roman religion. <span class='it'>Lars</span>, Milton, Christ’s -Nativity, Hymn, st. 21; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 2 (Lupus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lash:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in the lash</span>, in the lurch; ‘To run in the lash’, Tusser, -Husbandry, § 10. 15; ‘Leave in the lash’, id., § 63. 20; ‘lie in the lash’, -Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; ‘Gave age the -whippe, and left me in the lash’, Mirror for Mag., Shore’s Wife, s. 14; -Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 446. See NED. (s.v. Lash, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lash,</span></span> to move violently; ‘Lashing up his heels’ [of a horse], Dryden, -tr. of Ovid, Met. xii. 472; ‘ ’Gainst a rock was lashed in pieces’, Congreve, -Mourning Bride, i. 1 (Almeria).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lash out,</span></span> to squander, waste. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 18; More, -Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 67).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>latch,</span></span> to catch. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 93; Macbeth, iv. 3. 195; -Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 36. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>lacchen</span> -(P. Plowman). OE. <span class='it'>læccan</span>, to seize, catch.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lato,</span></span> a mixed metal; ‘latten’. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly); -<span class='it'>laton</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 44, back, 25; bk. ii, c. 11. ME. <span class='it'>latoun</span> (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 699). Norm. F. <span class='it'>laton</span>, ‘laiton, alliage de cuivre et de zinc’ (Moisy), -Med. L. <span class='it'>lato</span> (Ducange). See Dict. (s.v. Latten).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>launce,</span></span> a balance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 4. L. <span class='it'>lanx</span>, a scale.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laund,</span></span> a ‘lawn’, a glade. 3 Hen. VI, iii. i. 2; Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 69. -ME. <span class='it'>launde</span>, a grassy clearing, a glade surrounded by trees (Chaucer, C. T. -<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1691). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>launde</span>, OF. <span class='it'>lande</span>; probably of Celtic origin, see -W. Stokes, Celtic Dict., p. 239.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>launder,</span></span> one who washes linen. Tusser, Husbandry, § 83. 2. Hence -<span class='it'>laundered</span> (landered), thoroughly washed, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 171. ME. -<span class='it'>lawndere</span> (Prompt. EETS. 257). See Dict. (s.v. Laundress).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laundring,</span></span> washing gold in aqua regia to extract metal from it. -B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lautitious,</span></span> sumptuous, excellent. Herrick, The Invitation, 3. L. -<span class='it'>lautitia</span>, magnificence.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lave1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lave,</span></span> used of ears: drooping, hanging down; ‘His lave eares’, Wily -Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 304; <span class='it'>lave-eared</span>, having long drooping -ears, Hall, Satires, ii. 29 (Nares); ‘Lave eared, plaudus’, Levins, Manip. -Still in use in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>lave eres</span> (Wars Alex. 4748).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lave,</span></span> to droop, said of ears, ‘His ears hang laving’, Hall, Sat. iv. 1. 72. -Icel. <span class='it'>lafa</span>, to droop.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lavender:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to lay in lavender</span>, to pawn; Coles, Dict., 1699; ‘Rather -than thou shouldst pawn a rag more, I’ll lay my ladyship in lavender, if -I knew where’, Eastward Ho, iv. 279 (Nares); <span class='it'>to lie in lavender</span>, to be in -pawn, ‘a black suit . . . now lies in lavender’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of -his Humour, iii. 3. In R. Brathwaite’s Strappado for the Devil is an -epigram, ‘Upon a Poet’s Palfrey lying in Lavender for the discharge of -his Provender’, p. 154 (Nares). <span class='it'>Lavendered</span>, pp. ‘Your lavendered robes’, -Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laver,</span></span> drooping, hanging down; ‘this laver lip’, Marston, Sat. v. 97. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#lave1'>lave</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lavolta,</span></span> the name of a lively dance, orig. for two people. Hen. V, iii. -3. 33. Ital. <span class='it'>la volta</span>, the turn, ‘a French dance so called’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lavoltetere,</span></span> one who dances (and teaches) the <span class='it'>lavolta</span>. Fletcher, -Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 1 (Host).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>law, to give,</span></span> to allow so much start, about twelve-score yards, to a -hunted animal. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (near the end); Drayton, -Pol. xxiii. 337; ‘She shall have law’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii -(Shakstone); vol. iv, p. 199.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> law. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 42; esp. religious law, hence, a religion, -creed, a faith; ‘ ’Tis Churchmans laie and veritie To live in love and -charitie’, Peele, Chron. Edw. I, B 3 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>lay</span>, religion, faith -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 376). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>lei</span>, ‘loi, loi religieuse, religion’ (Chans. -Rol. 85).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> a ‘lea’, meadow. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 15; adj. fallow, unploughed, -‘Let . . . land lie lay till I return’, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, -iii. 3 (Sanchio). ME. <span class='it'>lay</span>, ‘lond not tyllyd’ (Prompt. EETS.); <span class='it'>laie</span>, -fallow (Gamelyn, 161). See NED. (s.v. Lea, adj.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> a wager. 2 Hen. VI, v. 2. 27; Othello, ii. 3. 330; Cymb. i. 4. 159. -In prov. use in Yorks., Midlands, and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 20).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> to beset with traps; ‘All the country is laid for me’, 2 Hen. VI, -iv. 1. 4; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (near end); iv. 2 (Tim); A Trick -to Catch, i. 2. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lay5'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to lay in</span> (or <span class='it'>a</span>) <span class='it'>water</span>, to make nugatory, to bring to a -standstill, Lyly, Euphues, p. 34; Mydas, iv. 4 (Martius); Gosson, School -of Abuse, p. 21. See NED. (s.v. Lay, vb.<sup>1</sup> 25).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lay,</span></span> to lie; ‘Nature will lay buried a great Time, and yet revive’, -Bacon, Essay 38. For exx. of this intrans. use see NED. (s.v. Lie, vb.<sup>1</sup> 43), -and EDD. (s.v. Lie, 16).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>layne,</span></span> to conceal. Morte Arthur, leaf 399, back, 13; bk. xx, c. 1. In -prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lane). -ME. <span class='it'>laynen</span>, to conceal (P. Plowman, C. iii. 18). Icel. <span class='it'>leyna</span>, cognate with -G. <span class='it'>leugnen</span>, to deny. See NED. (s.v. Lain).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='laystall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laystall,</span></span> a place where refuse is thrown aside. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 53; -<span class='it'>leystall</span>, Drayton, Moses, bk. i. 115. See Nares. A Kentish word, see -EDD. (s.v. Lay, vb. 2 (9a)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laystow,</span></span> a ‘laystall’. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 628; ‘In comparison -of this present, the ancient gardens were but dunghils and laistowes’, -Harrison, Desc. Engl., bk. ii, ch. 20 (ed. Furnivall, 325); ‘Smythfeelde -was . . . a layestowe of all order of fylth’, Fabyan Chron. vii. 226 (NED.). -A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, 2 (12)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>layte,</span></span> lightning. Morte Arthur, leaf 353, back, 30; bk. xvii, c. 11. -ME. <span class='it'>leit</span>, ‘fulgor’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxiv. 27). OE. <span class='it'>lēget</span>, also <span class='it'>līgyt</span> (Matt. -xxiv. 27).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>laze,</span></span> to be lazy, to be listless. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. (Melpomene); -Never too Late (ed. Dyce, 301). In prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leach,</span></span> a dish consisting of sliced meat, eggs, fruit, and spices in jelly; -‘Leche made of flesshe, gelee’, Palsgrave; ‘Caudels, Iellies, leach’, Dekker, -If this be not a good Play (Shackle-soul), Works, iii. 285. F. <span class='it'>lèche</span>, -‘tranche très mince’ (Hatzfeld). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lead:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to lead apes in hell</span>, the fancied consequence of dying an old -maid, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 87); Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 34; Much -Ado, ii. 1. 42; ‘<span class='it'>Mammola</span>, an old wench . . . one that will lead apes in -Hell’, Florio.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lead,</span></span> a pot, cauldron, kettle. Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 14; ‘Brewyng -ledys’, pl., Bury Wills (ed. Camden Soc., p. 101). See EDD. (s.v. Lead, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 6 and 7). In Lanc. ‘lead’ is used for a dyeing-vat; in the north -country furnace-vessels, of whatever metal made, are so called, from -having been usually made of that metal.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leaden dart.</span></span> Cupid’s <span class='it'>leaden</span> dart caused dislike; his <span class='it'>golden</span> one incited -to love, Massinger, Virgin-Martyr, i. 1 (Antoninus); Roman Actor, -iii. 2 (Iphis). From Ovid, Met. i. 470.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leading-staff,</span></span> a staff or truncheon borne by a commanding officer. -Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Smuggler); i. 2 (Parly).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='leak'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leak,</span></span> leaky. Spelt <span class='it'>leke</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; <span class='it'>leake</span>, id., vi. 8. 24. OE. -<span class='it'>hlece</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='leally'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leally,</span></span> truly, verily. Spelt <span class='it'>lelely</span>, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 1 -(Sylvia); loyally, ‘He sall leallie and trewlie use and exerce his office’, -Skene, Difficil Words (1681). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>leal</span>, loyal (Rough List), O. Prov. -<span class='it'>leal</span> (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lear;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#lere1'>lere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='leare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leare,</span></span> a cheek; <span class='it'>learys</span>, cheeks, Morte Arthur, leaf 186. 4; bk. ix, -ch. 21; spelt <span class='it'>lyers</span>, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 471. OE. <span class='it'>hlēor</span>, cheek, face. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#leer1'>leer</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lease,</span></span> a pasture. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 49; <span class='it'>lees</span>, Fitzherbert, -Husb., § 148. 18; ‘In pastures and leases’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, -ch. 63 (The Place).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>leasues,</span> ‘leasowes’, pastures, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 103. -OE. <span class='it'>lǣs</span>, a pasture (dat. <span class='it'>lǣswe</span>). See EDD. (s.v. Leasowe).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lease;</span></span> <span class='it'>Lease-parol</span>, a lease by word of mouth, instead of in writing. -Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1298); p. 134, col. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lease, lese,</span></span> to lie, tell lies. A Knack to know a Knave (Honesty), -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511. ME. <span class='it'>lesen</span>, OE. <span class='it'>lēasian</span>, to tell lies; <span class='it'>lēas</span>, false.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='leasing'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leasing,</span></span> lying, falsehood, a lie. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Spenser, F. Q. -i. 6. 48; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ps. iv. 2; v. 6; <span class='it'>lesynge</span>, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xiv. 18. ME. -<span class='it'>leesyng</span> (Wyclif, Ps. v. 7). OE. <span class='it'>lēasung</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leathe-weake,</span></span> having the joints flexible, hence, pliant, soft. Ascham, -Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 129). A north-country word, written <span class='it'>leathwake</span>, -<span class='it'>lithwake</span>, <span class='it'>leathweak</span> (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>lithwayke</span>, ‘flexibilis’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. -<span class='it'>leoðuwāc</span>, <span class='it'>liðewāc</span> (BT.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leatica,</span></span> a red muscatel wine made in Tuscany. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. II, iv. 3 (1 Vintner). Ital. <span class='it'>liatico</span> (Florio); <span class='it'>aleatico</span>, an exquisite grape, -a wine made therefrom (Fanfani). See NED. (s.v. Liatico).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leave,</span></span> to levy, raise an army. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 31. F. <span class='it'>lever</span>, ‘to -raise, to levy’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leavy,</span></span> leafy, full of foliage. Much Ado, ii. 3. 75; Dryden, Flower and -Leaf, 316, 512.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leden, ledden,</span></span> language. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 19; Colin Clout, 744; -Drayton, Pol. xii. 303. ME. <span class='it'>leden</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 435); OE. <span class='it'>leden</span> (<span class='it'>lyden</span>), -language, prop. the Latin language, L. <span class='it'>Latinus</span>; cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>latin</span>, ‘langage’ -(Levy), OF. <span class='it'>latin</span>, language, also, the warbling of birds (Bartsch, 581. 34); -Ital. <span class='it'>latino</span>, language (Dante).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ledger'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ledger,</span></span> resident; esp. in capacity of ambassador; ‘His Ambassadour -that was ledger at Rome’, Daus, tr. Sleidane, 113 (NED.); <span class='it'>lieger</span>, Webster, -White Devil (Francisco), ed. Dyce, 18; <span class='it'>legier</span>, resting in a place, Fairfax, -Tasso, i. 70. 15; <span class='it'>leiger</span>, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iv. 2 (Littleworth). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#lieger'>lieger</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lee.</span></span> ‘His corps was carried downe along the Lee’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. -19; ‘I looked . . . adowne the Lee’, Ruines of Time (Globe ed. 496). -Probably the reference is to the name of a river.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leefky,</span></span> for <span class='it'>leefkyn</span>, a bodice. <span class='it'>Leefekyes</span>, pl., Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, -116). Du. <span class='it'>lijfken</span>: ‘<span class='it'>een vrouwen Lijfken</span>, A womans Bodies [bodice]’ -(Hexham); dimin. of <span class='it'>lijf</span>, a body.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leefsom,</span></span> pleasant. Surrey, Complaint of absence, 23, in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 19. Cp. Scottish <span class='it'>leesome</span>, pleasant, loveable (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>lēofsum</span> -(Juliana, 17).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leek,</span></span> like. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); riming with <span class='it'>cheek</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='leer1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leer,</span></span> complexion. As You Like It, iv. 1. 67; Titus, iv. 2. 119; spelt -<span class='it'>laire</span>, Drayton, Harmony Church, Song Sol., ch. i, l. 12; <span class='it'>lere</span>, Skelton, -Phyllyp Sparowe, 1034; El. Rummyng, 12; <span class='it'>leyre</span>, Magnyfycence, 1573. -For the sense, see EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.<sup>3</sup> 3, and Lire, sb.<sup>3</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>hlēor</span>, face, -countenance. See <span class='bold'><a href='#leare'>leare</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leer,</span></span> tape. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 79). In Kentish glossaries, see -EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.<sup>2</sup>). See NED. (s.v. Lear, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leer,</span></span> empty. <span class='it'>A leer horse</span>, a horse without a rider (see Nares); <span class='it'>a leer -drunkard</span>, a drunkard void of self-control, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; -New Inn, iv. 3 (Lovel). ME. <span class='it'>lere</span>, empty (Rob. Glouc., p. 81); see -Stratmann (s.v. lǣre). OE. <span class='it'>lǣre</span>; cp. G. <span class='it'>leer</span>. Very common in prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, adj.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leer;</span></span> <span class='it'>Leer side</span>, in B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 2 (Turfe), and ii. 2, ‘Hat -turn’d up o’ the leer side.’ Supposed by Nares to be used for the left side. -Probably due to the form <span class='it'>leereboard</span> (for <span class='it'>lar-board</span>), see Hakluyt’s Voyages, -i. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leere,</span></span> lore. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lere1'>lere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leese,</span></span> to lose. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Kings xviii. 5 (ed. 1611); Shak., Sonnet 5; -Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1. 4. ME. <span class='it'>lesen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1290); -OE. <span class='it'>lēosan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lefull'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lefull,</span></span> permissible. Tyndale, Matt. xii. 12; Ascham, Toxophilus, 45. -ME. <span class='it'>leveful</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 37); <span class='it'>leve</span>, permission (id., C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1637). See -NED. (s.v. Leeful).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leg:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to make a leg</span>, to make an obeisance by drawing one leg -backward. Tempest, ii. 2. 62; Merry Wives, v. 5. 58; ‘Give him a -plum, he makes his leg’, Selden, Table Talk (Thanksgiving). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legacy,</span></span> an embassy, message delivered by a legate. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, vii. 349; ix. 220.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lege de moy,</span></span> supposed to be the name of a dance; ‘Parys of Troy -Daunced a Lege de moy’, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 953; El. Rummyng, 587.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legem pone,</span></span> a cant term for ready money; ‘There are so manie Danaes -now a dayes . . . If <span class='it'>legem pone</span> comes he is receav’d, When <span class='it'>Vix haud habeo</span> is -of hope bereav’d’, The Affectionate Shepheard (Halliwell); ‘They were -all at our service for the <span class='it'>legem pone</span>’, Ozell’s Rabelais, iv. 12; ‘Use <span class='it'>legem -pone</span> to pay at thy day, But use not <span class='it'>Oremus</span> for often delay’, Tusser, -Husbandry, 29. The origin of the use of this Latin phrase for money is -doubtless this: The first great pay-day of the year was March 25, on -which day of the month the <span class='it'>Legem pone</span> is the first portion of the 119th -Psalm read at Mattins, so that these words were easily associated with the -idea of payment and ready money. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leger,</span></span> light; ‘A hundred leger wafers’, The London Chanticleers, -scene 5 (Welcome). F. <span class='it'>léger</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legiaunce,</span></span> faithful service. Bacon, Henry VII, p. 142. OF. <span class='it'>ligeance</span>, -<span class='it'>legiance</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>lige</span>, <span class='it'>liege</span>, entitled to feudal service, also, bound to render -feudal service, see Didot (s.v. Lige, Ligence). Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>litge</span>, ‘liege’; -of Germanic origin, OHG. <span class='it'>ledig</span>, free; <span class='it'>legiaunce</span> was the feudal service of -a free man. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legier;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ledger'>ledger</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legier-booke,</span></span> a ‘ledger-book’, i.e. a book containing records, a cartulary, -register. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 51. See Dict. (s.v. -Ledger).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>legierte,</span></span> lightness, agility. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 230. 20; -thoughtlessness, id., lf. 311, back, 23. F. <span class='it'>légèreté</span>, lightness.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leiger;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ledger'>ledger</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leak'>leak</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lelacke,</span></span> lilac. Bacon, Essay 46. Cp. the Lincoln pronunciation <span class='it'>lealock</span>, -see EDD. (s.v. Laylock).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lelely;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leally'>leally</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lembic'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lembic,</span></span> an ‘alembic’, B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); <span class='it'>limbeck</span>, -Macbeth, i. 7. 67.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leme,</span></span> a flame, light, ray, beam. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. i, c. 1, -§ 2; Calisto and Melibæa, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 64; <span class='it'>leames</span>, lights, -Sackville, Induction to Mirror, st. 9. A north-country word, see EDD. -(s.v. Leam, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>leme</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4120). OE. <span class='it'>lēoma</span>, light.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lemures,</span></span> in early Roman religion, the spirits of the departed. Milton, -Christ’s Nativity, Hymn, st. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>l’envoy,</span></span> the sending forth a poem, hence, the conclusion of a poetical -or prose composition; the author’s parting words; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a conclusion, -catastrophe, ‘Long since I look’d for this l’envoy’, Massinger, Bashful -Lover, iv. 1 (Martino); v. 1 (Alonzo). OF. <span class='it'>envoye</span> (F. <span class='it'>envoi</span>), a sending.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lere1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lere,</span></span> lore, teaching. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 261; Drayton, Pol. xxiv. -803; <span class='it'>leare</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iii, 11. 16; iv. 3. 40; <span class='it'>leares</span>, lessons, F. Q. iii. -7. 21; <span class='it'>leere</span>, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 5 (Sperantus). Also, the meaning, -sense (as of a Latin phrase), Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv (Lawrence). -In prov. use in Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, sb.<sup>1</sup> 5). -ME. <span class='it'>lere</span> (Sir Gowther, 231); fr. <span class='it'>leren</span>, to teach (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 441). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#leyre'>leyre</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lere;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leer1'>leer</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lerrepoop;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#liripoop'>liripoop</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lerrie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lerrie,</span></span> something said by rote, a set speech, ‘patter’; ‘Man can teach -us our lerrie’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Third Lady). In -Kent ‘lerry’ is the part which has to be learnt by a mummer (EDD.). -See NED. (s.v. Lurry).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lesses,</span></span> the dung of a ‘ravenous’ animal. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; -p. 97; Maister of Game, c. 25. F. <span class='it'>laisses</span>, ‘the lesses (or dung) of a wild -Boar, Wolf, or Bear’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lest,</span></span> to listen. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 17. See EDD. (s.v. List, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lest;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#list'>list</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lesynge;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leasing'>leasing</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>let,</span></span> hindrance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 13; vi. 2. 17. ME. <span class='it'>lett</span> (Cursor M. -7395).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lethe,</span></span> a river in Hades, the water of which produced forgetfulness of -the past; ‘Lethe the River of Oblivion’, Milton, P. L. ii. 583; ‘Lethe -Wharfe’, Hamlet, i. 5. 33. Hence <span class='it'>Lethean</span>, ‘They ferry over this Lethean -Sound’, Milton, P. L. ii. 604 (cp. the ‘Lethaeus amnis’ of Virgil, Aeneid -vi. 705). Gk. λήθη, forgetfulness, oblivion; personified in Hesiod; no -river is called Λήθη by the ancient Greeks.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lethe,</span></span> Death, Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 206. Hence <span class='it'>Lethean</span>, deadly, mortal. -Blount, Glossogr., 1670. F. <span class='it'>Lethe</span>, ‘masc. Death; <span class='it'>Lethean</span>, deadly, mortal, -death-inflicting’ (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>letum</span> (on acc. of association with Gk. λήθη, -Lethe, sometimes printed <span class='it'>lethum</span>, an orthography which is not supported -by MSS. or Inscriptions), Death.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lettice,</span></span> a kind of whitish grey fur; ‘A robe of Scarlet . . . bordered -with Lettice’, Hall, Chron., 25 Hen. VIII (ed. 1809, 803); <span class='it'>a lettice cap</span>, -‘Bring in the Lettice cap . . . And then how suddenly we’ll make you -sleep’, Fletcher, M. Thomas, iii. 1. 9; id., Thierry and Theod. v. 2. 8. -F. <span class='it'>letice</span>, ‘a beast of a whitish gray colour’ (Cotgr.). OF. <span class='it'>letice</span>, <span class='it'>lettice</span>, -<span class='it'>lettiche</span>, ‘fourrure ou pelisse grise’ (Didot), see Ducange (s.v. Lactenus). -OHG. <span class='it'>illitiso</span>, the polecat (12th cent.), MHG. <span class='it'>iltis</span>, <span class='it'>iltisse</span>, see Weigand -and Kluge (s.v. Iltis). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lettuce,</span></span> in proverbial sayings: <span class='it'>Like lips, like lettuce</span>, i.e. things happen -to a man according to his deserts, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 318 (Orgalio, -p. 93, col. 1); <span class='it'>Like lettuce, like lips</span>, New Custom, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. -23; <span class='it'>Such lips, such lettuce</span>, Heywood’s Proverbs, 80. Cp. the Latin Proverb, -‘Similes habent labra lactucas’, see Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, -111). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>level-coil,</span></span> a rough game, in which each player is in turn driven from -his seat and supplanted by another, hence, riotous sport. B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iii. 2 (Dame Turfe); ‘<span class='it'>Jouër à cul-leve</span>, to play at level-coyl’, -(Cotgrave). Also used as adv. for turn and turn about, alternately, ‘The -mother’s smile Brought forth the daughter’s blush, and levell coyle, They -smil’d and blusht’, Quarles, Argalus (ed. 1629, 18). F. <span class='it'>lève-cul</span>, see Littré -(s.v. Lever). See Halliwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lever,</span></span> rather, more gladly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; <span class='it'>me lever were</span>, it -would be more agreeable to me, id., iii. 2. 6. In gen. prov. use in the -British Isles. ME. ‘me were lever’ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1034). -OE. <span class='it'>lēofre</span>, comp. of <span class='it'>lēof</span>, dear, ‘lief’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leveret,</span></span> a mistress, a courtesan. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 -(Malipiero); Gamester, i. 1; Honoria. i. 1 (Alamode). F. <span class='it'>levrette</span>, ‘A -Greyhound bitch, also, a most lascivious and incontinent wench’ -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>levet,</span></span> a trumpet-call, to awaken soldiers, &c., in a morning; ‘Trumpets -sound a levet’ (stage-direction), Fletcher, Double Marriage, ii. 1; Butler, -Hud. ii. 2. 611. Ital. <span class='it'>levata</span>, a march upon a drum and trumpet (Florio); -orig. pp. fem. of <span class='it'>levare</span>, to raise.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>levigate,</span></span> lightened, made easier. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3, -§ 1. Late L. <span class='it'>levigare</span>, to lighten; <span class='it'>levigatio</span>, a lightening (Rönsch, 81).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='leyre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leyre,</span></span> lore. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#lere1'>lere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>leystall;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#laystall'>laystall</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='liam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liam, lyam,</span></span> a leash for hounds. Spelt <span class='it'>liom</span>, Sir Thos. More, i. 4. 143; -Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 13, § 5; Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, -Nymphal 6, 65. O. Prov. <span class='it'>liam</span> (Levy), Béarnais Dial., <span class='it'>liam</span> (Lespy), -Norm.-F. <span class='it'>lian</span>, ‘lien’ (Moisy), L. <span class='it'>ligamen</span>, a band, anything to tie with, fr. -<span class='it'>ligare</span>, to tie. See NED. (s.v. Lyam), and EDD. (s.v. Leam, sb.<sup>2</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#lym'>lym</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lib,</span></span> to sleep. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). Hence, -<span class='it'>libkin</span>, a house to sleep in, a lodging, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed -(Jackman); <span class='it'>lib ken</span>, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); ‘A <span class='it'>lypken</span>, a -house to lye in’, Harman, Caveat, 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lib2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lib;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#glib'>glib</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libbard,</span></span> leopard. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 29; Milton, P. L. vii. 467. -[The form ‘libbard’ occurs in modern poets: ‘The lion, and the libbard, -and the bear’, Cowper, Task, vi. 773; ‘On libbard’s paws’, Keats, Lamia, -ii. 185.] ME. <span class='it'>libarde</span> (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 894). OF. <span class='it'>lebard</span> (Godefroy); -see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libbat,</span></span> a short thick stick, chiefly for throwing at cocks, &c.; a billet -of wood. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, st. 21, st. 12; id., prose add. to -bk. ii, § 22. In prov. use in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Dorset, see EDD. -(s.v. Libbet, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libecchio,</span></span> a south-west wind. Milton, P. L. x. 706. An erroneous -form for Ital. <span class='it'>libeccio</span> (Florio), deriv. of L. <span class='it'>Libs</span>, S.W. wind; Gk. Λίψ.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libel, libell,</span></span> a little book, a short treatise. Gascoigne, Works, i. 42; -a written statement. North’s Plutarch, Life of Octavius, § 25 (in Shaks. -Plut., p. 277, note 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liberal,</span></span> licentious, gross. Much Ado, iv. 1. 93; Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 194; -Othello, ii. 1. 165. <span class='it'>Liberally</span>, licentiously; City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, xi. 194.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>libration,</span></span> oscillation, swaying to and fro; ‘The bounds of thy libration’, -Dryden, Conq. of Granada, ii. 3. 1 (Almanzor). L. <span class='it'>librare</span>, to balance.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>licket.</span></span> Meaning doubtful; perhaps a flap of some kind; ‘Wear your -coif with a London licket’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). In the west -country ‘licket’ is in use for ‘a shred, rag’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lidderon,</span></span> a rascal. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 29; Garl. of Laurell, -188. A Sc. prov. word, see Jamieson, Suppl. ME. <span class='it'>lyderon</span> or <span class='it'>lydron</span>, -‘lydorus’ (Prompt. EETS. 262), (<span class='it'>lydorus</span> = Gk. λοίδορος).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lieger'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lieger,</span></span> an ordinary or resident Ambassador; ‘A Lieger (differed) -from an extraordinary Ambassador’, Fuller, Ch. Hist. iii. 5. 22; Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, ii. 2 (Alvarez); a commissioner, an agent, spelt <span class='it'>leiger</span>, Meas. -for M. iii. 1. 59; Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 140. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ledger'>ledger</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lie-pot,</span></span> a vessel to hold ‘lye’ for use as a hair-wash. Middleton, Five -Gallants, i. 1. 12 (<span class='it'>or</span> 14).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lifter,</span></span> a thief, cheat. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 129; Greene, James IV, iii. 1 -(near the end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lig, ligge,</span></span> to lie, lie down. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 40; Shep. Kal., May, -217; Oct., 12. In common prov. use in the north country and E. Anglia, -see EDD. (s.v. Lie, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1 (4)). OE. <span class='it'>licgean</span> (<span class='it'>liggan</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lightly,</span></span> usually, commonly. Richard III, iii. 1. 91; Massinger, Bondman, -iii. 3 (Gracculo); ‘There’s lightning lightly before thunder’, Ray’s -English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 110); given as a Kentish saying (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lightmans,</span></span> a cant term for day. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See <span class='bold'><a href='#darkmans'>darkmans</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>like,</span></span> to please; ‘The music likes you not’, Two Gent. iv. 2. 56; esp. in -the phrase of courtesy, <span class='it'>an’t like your Grace</span>, if it please your Grace, Hen. VIII, -i. 1. 100 (for exx. see Schmidt). ME. <span class='it'>lyke</span>, to please; <span class='it'>it lyketh yow</span>, it pleases -you (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>līcian</span>, to please.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lilburne,</span></span> heavy stupid fellow; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister -Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lill,</span></span> to let the tongue loll out, to thrust forth the tongue. Spenser, F. Q. -i. 5. 34; ‘I lylle out the tonge’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Berks. and -Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Lill, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limbeck;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#lembic'>lembic</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='limiter'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limiter,</span></span> a friar licensed to beg within certain limits. Spenser, Mother -Hubberd, 85. ME. <span class='it'>limitour</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 209). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limmer,</span></span> a ‘limber’; the shaft of a cart or carriage. North, tr. of -Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 26); ‘<span class='it'>Timone</span>, the limmer or -beam or pole of a wagon’, Torriano, Ital. Dict. (1688). ‘Limmer’ is in -prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Limber).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limmer,</span></span> a scoundrel, rascal, rogue. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 -(Earine); Dalrymple, tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. ix. 219; <span class='it'>lymmer</span>, Holinshed -Hist. Irel. (Nares). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>limp,</span></span> a ‘limpet’. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 189. A Cumberland word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lin,</span></span> a pool. Drayton, Pol. v. 118; vi. 22. In Scotland and the Border -country <span class='it'>linn</span> is used for the pool at the base of a waterfall, see EDD. (s.v. -Linn, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2). Gael <span class='it'>linne</span>; Irish <span class='it'>linn</span>; Welsh <span class='it'>llyn</span>, a pool.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lin2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lin,</span></span> to cease. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; Puritan Widow, iii. 5. 110; B. -Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Tat.); Mirror for Mag. 77 (Nares). In prov. -use in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>linne</span> (King Horn, 1004); OE. <span class='it'>linnan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>line,</span></span> the lime or linden. Holland, Pliny, i. 541; <span class='it'>line-grove</span>, grove of -lime-trees, Tempest, v. 1. 10. OE. <span class='it'>lind</span> and <span class='it'>linde</span>. See NED. (s.v. Lind).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lingel,</span></span> a shoemaker’s waxed thread. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the -B. Pestle, v.3 (Ralph); Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142; ‘Lyngell that souters -sowe with, <span class='it'>chefgros</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Lingel’ (or ‘lingle’) is the ordinary word -for shoemaker’s thread in Scotland (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>ligneul</span> (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>linsel, lynsel,</span></span> a sheet, a winding-sheet. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 83. -F. <span class='it'>linceul</span>, a sheet; L. <span class='it'>linteolum</span>, dimin. of <span class='it'>linteum</span>, a linen cloth.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lint,</span></span> flax, flaxen cloth; ‘Robes that brooke no lint’, admit of no flax; -being of costly material, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 9, st. 68. -In prov. use in Scotland and north of Ireland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lint-staff,</span></span> a lint-stock or linstock, a staff with a forked head to hold -a lighted match. Heywood, Challenge for Beauty, iii. 1 (Valladaura); -vol. v, p. 35. See Dict. (s.v. Linstock).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lion-drunk,</span></span> drunk as a lion. Massinger, Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo). -The four degrees of drunkenness were to be drunk as a sheep (good-humoured); -as a lion (noisy); as an ape (foolish); and as a swine -(bestial). See note to Chaucer (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>H.</span> 44), in Complete Works.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liquor,</span></span> to lubricate; to anoint with grease. Bacon, Nat. History, -§ 117; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 106.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='liripoop'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liripoop,</span></span> chiefly in phrases <span class='it'>to know</span> or <span class='it'>have</span> (one’s) <span class='it'>liripoop</span>, <span class='it'>to teach</span> -(a person) <span class='it'>his liripoop</span>. It means something to be learned and acted or -spoken; <span class='it'>lyrypoope</span>, Newton, Lemnie’s Complex. vii. 58 (NED.); ‘I will -teach thee thy lyrripups’, Stanyhurst, Desc. Irel. in Holinshed, ii. 35; -<span class='it'>lerripoope</span>, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Prisius); <span class='it'>leerypoope</span>, Sapho, i. 3 -(Cryticus). Used in the sense of a trick, <span class='it'>lerrepoop</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Wit -at Several Weapons, i. 1 (Sir Gregory); London Prodigal, iv. 1. 2. Cp. -‘lerry’, Linc. word for a trick (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#lerrie'>lerry</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lirrypoope,</span></span> a silly person, Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1. See Nares (s.v. -Liripoop). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. Lirripoop).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='list'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>list,</span></span> a stripe of colour. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 306; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar -Errors, bk. vi, c. 11. Hence <span class='it'>listed</span>, striped, Milton, P. L. xi. 866. In -prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. List, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3). F. <span class='it'>liste</span>, a list or selvedge (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>listeth, list,</span></span> <span class='it'>impers.</span> it is pleasing to; ‘Ys yt not lawfull for me to do -as me listeth with myne awne’, Tyndale, Matt. xx. 15; ‘Me list . . . This -idle task to undertake’, Peele, Arraignm. Paris, i. 2; ‘When me lest’, -World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 247.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>litch-owl,</span></span> the ‘lich-owl’, screech-owl, whose cry portended death; -‘The shrieking Litch-owl that doth never cry But boding death’, Drayton, -The Owl, 302; <span class='it'>like-owle</span>, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. x, c. 23 (i. 283c). -See EDD. (s.v. Lich). ME. <span class='it'>liche</span>, a body, a dead body (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>līc</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lithe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lithe, lythe,</span></span> a joint; <span class='it'>out of lythe</span>, out of joint, Morte Arthur, leaf 58, -back, 10; bk. iii, c. 13. ME. <span class='it'>lyth</span>, a limb (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>lið</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lither,</span></span> pliant, supple, yielding; ‘The lither skie’, 1 Hen. VI, iv. 7. -21; see NED. ‘Lither’ is used in this sense in Kent and Sussex, see EDD. -(s.v. Lither, adj.<sup>2</sup>). Probably the same word as ‘lither’, lazy, sluggish. -OE. <span class='it'>lȳðre</span>, bad (morally and physically).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>little-ease,</span></span> pillory, stocks; a very small compartment in a prison. -Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1. 9. Also called <span class='it'>small-ease</span>. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>little-son,</span></span> a grandson. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 22 (in -Shak. Plut., p. 271).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>liver.</span></span> Supposed to be the seat of love; to which idea allusions are -common. Temp. iv. 56; Merry Wives, ii. 1. 121. Also, the seat of courage; -Twelfth Nt. iii. 2. 22. To be <span class='it'>lily-livered</span>, or <span class='it'>milk-livered</span>, or <span class='it'>pigeon-livered</span>, or -<span class='it'>white-livered</span>, is to lack courage, to be cowardly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>livery,</span></span> a suit of clothes bestowed on retainers or servants, 2 Hen. IV, -v. 5. 11; <span class='it'>instance of livery</span>, badge of service; Ford, Broken Heart, iv. 1 -(Nearchus). Hence <span class='it'>liveried</span>, ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey her’, -Milton, Comus, 455. F. <span class='it'>livrée</span>, ‘a delivery of a thing that’s given, the -thing so given, hence, a livery; ones cloth, colours, or device worn by -servants or others’ (Cotgr.); Med. L. <span class='it'>liberata</span> (Ducange). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loave ears,</span></span> drooping ears. Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Morisco).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lob,</span></span> a lubber, a clown. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 10; Westward Ho, ii. 3 -(Birdlime). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>lobben</span>, ‘a lubbard, a clowne’ (Hexham). A Lancashire -word, see EDD. (s.v. Lob, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lobcock,</span></span> a lubber; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 -(Merygreek); Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 3 (end). In prov. use in the north -country and in E. Anglia (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lob’s pound,</span></span> prison; also <span class='it'>fig.</span> a state of great difficulty or entanglement; -a fix. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer); Digby, Elvira, -ii. 1 (Chichon); Butler, Hud. i. 3. 910. Also <span class='it'>Hob’s pound</span>. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lodam,</span></span> the name of a game of cards; ‘<span class='it'>Carica l’asino</span>, the play at -cards that we call, Load him’ (Florio); in one form, called <span class='it'>losing loadum</span>, -the loser won the game, ‘<span class='it'>Coquimbert qui gaigne pert</span>, a game at cards, like -our losing Lodam’, Cotgrave; Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lodesman,</span></span> a pilot, guide; ‘Lodesman of a shippe, Pilotte’, Palsgrave; -‘A lodes-man’, Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 184. ME. <span class='it'>lodesman</span>, pilot (Chaucer, -Leg. G. W. 1488). OE. <span class='it'>lādmann</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lodesmate,</span></span> (?) a travelling companion. Only in Gascoigne, Glasse -Govt. v. 3 (Phylocalus), in Poems (ed. 1870, ii. 77).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loffe,</span></span> to laugh. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 55. In EDD. <span class='it'>loff</span> (<span class='it'>lough</span>) is given -as the infin. of ‘laugh’ in many parts of England (western from Lanc. to -Cornwall). In Lanc. they say ‘he lough’ for ‘he laughed’. ME. <span class='it'>lough</span>, pret. -of <span class='it'>laughe</span> (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 248); OE. <span class='it'>hlōh</span>, laughed.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loft,</span></span> uplifted, elated; ‘In neyther fortune loft, nor yet represt’, Surrey, -Of the death of Sir T. W., ii. 27, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 29; and see the same -Misc., p. 235, l. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loggats,</span></span> a game in which thick sticks are thrown to lie as near as -possible to a stake fixed in the ground or a block of wood on a floor. Hamlet, -v. 1. 99. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lol,</span></span> that which lolls; the tongue. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 442. -See EDD. (s.v. Loll, vb.<sup>2</sup>: Loller, ‘the tongue’).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lollard,</span></span> lazy, idle, sluggish; ‘The lolearde Asse’, Turbervile, That all -things have release, st. 3. The word ‘lollard’ for a lazy person is used in -Cumberland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Lombard'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Lombard,</span></span> a native of Lombardy; ‘A Lumbarde, <span class='it'>longobardus</span>’, Levins, -Manip. 30; a Lombard engaged as a money-changer or pawnbroker, -Greene, Mourn. Garm. 44 (NED.); also, a money-lender’s office, a pawnshop, -Northward Ho, v. 1 (Kate). Norm. F. <span class='it'>lombard</span>, <span class='it'>lumbart</span>, ‘usurier, -prêteur sur gages’ (Moisy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#lumber'>lumber</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lome,</span></span> a bucket. Mirror for Mag., Godwin, st. 55. ‘Loom’ is in use in -many parts of Scotland for a vessel of any kind, see EDD. (s.v. 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>long,</span></span> to belong. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254. ME. -<span class='it'>longen</span>, to belong (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2278); OE. <span class='it'>langian</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>longee,</span></span> a ‘lunge’, a complimental bow to a lady. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. -159. See Dict. (s.v. Lunge).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>longtails;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#Kentish'>Kentish long-tails</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loos,</span></span> praise, fame. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 12. ME. <span class='it'>los</span>, praise (Chaucer, Leg. -G. W. 1514); OF. <span class='it'>los</span>, <span class='it'>loos</span>; O. Prov. <span class='it'>laus</span>, praise; L. <span class='it'>laudes</span>, pl. of <span class='it'>laus</span>, praise.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loose,</span></span> the act of discharging an arrow. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. -2. 5; Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 146).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lope,</span></span> to run. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s Song); Greene, -James IV, Induction (Bohan); Gascoigne, Fruites Warre, lii (NED.). They -say in Essex, ‘He went lopin’ along’, see EDD. (s.v. Loup, vb.<sup>1</sup> 8). Du. -<span class='it'>loopen</span>, ‘to runne or to trot’ (Hexham).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>lopeman,</span> a runner. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iii. 4. 8.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lorel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lorel,</span></span> a worthless person, rogue, blackguard; ‘I am laureate, I am no -lorelle’, Skelton, Against Garnesche. See NED. ME. <span class='it'>lorel</span>, ‘Lewede lorel!’ -(P. Plowman, A. viii. 123). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Cock'>Cock Lorel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loring,</span></span> instruction. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 42. (A rime-word; formed -fr. <span class='it'>lore</span>.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lote,</span></span> in Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 802, represents Gk. λωτός, some -kind of clover or trefoil, see NED. (s.v. Lote, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lought,</span></span> loath. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, i. 1 (Old Forrest); -vol. vi, p. 364. ‘Loft’ is in prov. use in Oxfordsh. and Kent as a pronunc. -of ‘loath’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loup-garou,</span></span> a werwolf, a man changed into the form of a wolf. North, -tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Story of Timon). F. <span class='it'>loup-garou</span>; F. <span class='it'>loup</span>, wolf + -<span class='it'>garou</span>, a werwolf, cp. MHG. <span class='it'>werwolf</span>, man-wolf; OE. <span class='it'>werewulf</span>, so that in -<span class='it'>loup-garou</span> there is a tautological repetition of two words for ‘wolf’—one -of Latin and the other of Teutonic origin. See Hatzfeld.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lour, lowre,</span></span> money (Cant); ‘Lour to bouze with’, Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Harman, Caveat, p. 85.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lourdain'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lourdain,</span></span> a general term of opprobrium, a sluggard, vagabond. Puttenham, -English Poesie, bk. i, ch. 13; Drayton, Sheph. Garl. (ed. 1593, -K 2), see Nares; ‘Let alone makes mony lurdon’, Ray’s English Proverbs -(ed. 1678, p. 383). See EDD. (s.v. Lurdane). ME. <span class='it'>lordayne</span> (<span class='it'>lurdayn</span>), ‘lurco’ -(Prompt. EETS. 269 and 272); OF. <span class='it'>lourdein</span>, ‘sot, stupide’ (Roquefort), -deriv. of <span class='it'>lourd</span>, heavy, dull.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loute,</span></span> to bend, bow, make obeisance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; v. 8. 50. -In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Lout, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>loute</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 683); OE. <span class='it'>lūtan</span>, to stoop.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>louver,</span></span> an aperture with a shutter or flap; ‘He put abrode the louvres -of the tente’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; spelt <span class='it'>lover</span>, Spenser, -F. Q. vi. 10. 42. A north-country word still in use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>lovere</span>, -‘lodium’ (Prompt. EETS. 271, see note, no. 1294); OF. <span class='it'>lover</span>, <span class='it'>lovier</span> -(Godefroy).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>lover-hole,</span> an opening in a ‘louver’, Shirley, Honoria, iii. 4 -(Alamode).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>love,</span></span> to praise, to appraise; ‘I love, as a chapman loveth his ware that -he wyll sell’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>loven</span>: ‘<span class='it'>lovon</span> and bedyn as chapmen’ -(Prompt. EETS. 277); OE. <span class='it'>lofian</span>, to praise, to value; cp. G. <span class='it'>loben</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lovery,</span></span> a ‘louver’. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. v. 72.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>loves.</span></span> The phrases <span class='it'>for all loves</span>, <span class='it'>of all loves</span> (or <span class='it'>love</span>), <span class='it'>upon all love</span>, <span class='it'>for love’s -sake</span>, are all phrases indicating strong entreaty, like our <span class='it'>for my sake</span>, <span class='it'>for his -sake</span>. ‘Speake of all loves’, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 153. ‘Of all loves’ is -a Derb. form of entreaty, see EDD. (s.v. Love, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>low-bell,</span></span> a hand-bell used in fowling, to make the birds lie close; -‘Take a low-bell which must have a deep and hollow sound’, Gentleman’s -Recreation, Fowling, 39 (Nares); ‘As timorous larks amazed are With -light and with a low-bell’, St. George for England, st. 5 (written in 1688), -in Percy’s Reliques (ed. Bohn, ii. 329). It is probably this kind of bell -which Petruchio means when he says to Maria: ‘Peace, gentle low-bell!’, -Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>low-men,</span></span> loaded dice that produced low throws. London Prodigal, i. -1. 218.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lubric, lubrick,</span></span> incontinent, wanton. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, -iii. 2 (Win.); Dryden, Ode to Mrs. Killigrew, 63; B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 -(Crispinus). Med. L. <span class='it'>lubricus</span>, ‘impudicus, salax’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lubrican,</span></span> the ‘leprechaun’; in Irish folk-lore, a pigmy sprite who -always carries a purse containing a shilling (NED.); ‘Your Irish lubrican’, -Dekker, Honest Wh., 2nd Pt. iii. 1 (Hippolito); Drayton, Agincourt. -For full particulars of this tricky little sprite, see Joyce, English as we -speak it in Ireland, 284. Irish <span class='it'>lupracán</span> (also, <span class='it'>lughracán</span>, <span class='it'>lugharcán</span>) a -‘leprechaun’ (Dinneen, p. 450). See EDD. (s.v. Leprechaun).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lucern'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lucern,</span></span> a lynx. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); <span class='it'>lucerns</span> -(= θῶες), Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 417; id., Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); -<span class='it'>luzern</span>, Peele, Device of a Pageant. Cp. early mod. G. <span class='it'>lüchsern</span>, pertaining -to the lynx, deriv. of <span class='it'>luchs</span>, a lynx (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lug,</span></span> the ear. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (P. Canter); Return from -Parnassus (last scene); hence, <span class='it'>lugg’d</span>, furnished with ‘lugs’ or flaps, -Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 174. ‘Lug’ is very common in the -north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lug, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lug,</span></span> a measure of land. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 11. In prov. use in the -Midlands and south-west counties from Warwicksh. to Somerset, see EDD. -(s.v. Lug, sb.<sup>3</sup> 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lug,</span></span> to pull, drag about. Hamlet, iii. 4. 212; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83; -‘Head-lugged bear’, King Lear, iv. 2. 42. In common colloq. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lugge,</span></span> a stiff bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 28; ‘<span class='it'>Vastus arcus</span>, a lugge -or mighty bigge bowe’, Cooper.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lull,</span></span> pleasant soothing drink; ‘A Cup of blessed lull’, The London -Chanticleers, scene 9 (Heath). Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lumber'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lumber,</span></span> a pawnbroking establishment; ‘<span class='it'>Mónte de piedád</span>, a lumber -or bancke to lend money for a yeare, for those that need, without interest’, -Minsheu, Span. Dict. Phr. <span class='it'>to put to lumber</span>, to put in pawn, ‘To put one’s -Clothes to Lumbar, <span class='it'>pignori dare</span>’, Skinner. See <span class='bold'><a href='#Lombard'>Lombard</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Luna,</span></span> an alchemist’s name for silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). -ME. ‘Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 826).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lunary,</span></span> moonwort, the fern called <span class='it'>Botrychium Lunaria</span>. Drayton, -Nymphidia, st. 50; Lyly, Endimion, ii. 3 (End.); iv. 3 (Gyptes); Sapho, -iii. 3 (Ismena); B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). ME. <span class='it'>lunarie</span> (Chaucer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lune,</span></span> a ‘loyn’ or thong for a hawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 104, back, 12; -bk. vi, c. 16. ME. <span class='it'>loigne</span> (Rom. Rose, 3882). OF. <span class='it'>loigne</span>, a cord. Med. L. -<span class='it'>longia</span>, ‘lorum’ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Loyn).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lunes,</span></span> fits of frenzy, mad freaks. Winter’s Tale, ii. 2. 30. F. <span class='it'>lune</span>, -humour, whim; ‘<span class='it'>Il y a de la lune</span>, he is a foolish, humorous, hare-brain’d, -giddy-headed fellow’ (Cotgr.); cp. G. <span class='it'>laune</span>, whim, humour; fr. L. <span class='it'>luna</span>, -the moon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lungis,</span></span> a long, slim fellow; one who is long in doing anything. -Beaumont and Fl., Knight B. Pestle, ii. 3. 4; ‘<span class='it'>Longis or a long slymme</span>, -<span class='it'>lungurio</span>’, Huloet; ‘<span class='it'>Lungis</span>, a slim slow-back, a drowsy or dreaming -Fellow’, Phillips (ed. 1706). F. ‘<span class='it'>Longis</span>, nom propre d’un personnage -légendaire, qui aurait percé de sa lance le flanc de Jésus Christ; le sens -est dû à l’influence de <span class='it'>long</span>: Celui qui est long à faire qqch.’ (Hatzfeld). -Longinus was said to have been the soldier who pierced the Lord’s side -with his lance (λόγχη); his martyrdom at Caesarea in Cappadocia was -commemorated March 15; see Dict. Christ Antiq. (s.v.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lupus est in fabula,</span></span> there is a wolf coming to interrupt our talk. -A proverb used on the occasion of a sudden silence; from the idea that a -man becomes dumb if a wolf happens to see him before the man sees the -wolf. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 322 (p. 93, col. 1); see Sir T. Browne, Vulgar -Errors, bk. iii, ch. 8. The superstition is referred to by Virgil, Ecl. ix. -54. The proverb occurs in Terence, Adelphi, iv. 1. 21. See Büchmann, -Geflügelte Worte (ed. 1905, p. 441).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lurch,</span></span> to remain in or about a place secretly, esp. with an evil design. -Merry Wives, ii. 2. 26; to be beforehand in getting something, to get hold -of by stealth, Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2; to deprive, rob, Coriolanus, -ii. 2. 106. A north-country word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lurden,</span></span> a term of reproach, Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 4. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lourdain'>lourdain</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lush,</span></span> luxuriant, succulent. Temp. ii. 1. 52. In prov. use in Lakeland -and Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Lush, adj.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>lusch</span> or slak, ‘laxus’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lusk,</span></span> to lie idle, to indulge in laziness. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, -ch. 30, st. 15. Cp. ‘lusk’, a Linc. word for an idle worthless fellow -(EDD.). Hence <span class='it'>luskye</span>, lazy; ‘Thy luskye nest’, Drayton, The Owl, 111; -<span class='it'>luskishness</span>, sluggishness, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 35.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lustick, lustique,</span></span> merry, jolly. All’s Well, ii. 3. 47; ‘Rusticke -and lusticke’, Dekker, Sir T. Wyatt (Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. Du. -<span class='it'>lustigh</span>, pleasant (Hexham); deriv. of <span class='it'>lust</span>, pleasure. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lustihead,</span></span> jollity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 51.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lustless,</span></span> listless, feeble. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20; Gascoigne, Jocasta, -iii. 4. 2. ME. <span class='it'>lustles</span> (Gower, C. A. ii. 2024; iv. 3455).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>luxur,</span></span> an incontinent man. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>luxury,</span></span> lasciviousness. Middleton, A Game at Chess, ii; A Mad -World, iii. 2 (Mis. H.); Hamlet, i. 5. 83. ME. <span class='it'>luxurie</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> -925). Late L. <span class='it'>luxuria</span> (in Vulgate = ἀσωτία, Eph. v. 18).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>luzern;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#lucern'>lucern</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lyam;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#liam'>liam</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lycanthropi,</span></span> persons suffering from <span class='it'>lycanthropia</span>, or wolf-madness. -Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 3 (Franciscus); Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, -iii. 3 (Corax). Gk. λυκάνθρωπος, a wer-wolf, a man who thought he was -changed into a wolf, or who was thought by others to be so changed.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lyers;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#leare'>leare</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lylse-wulse,</span></span> linsey-woolsey. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, -128. <span class='it'>Lylsey</span> is an older form of Linsey (Suffolk), where cloth was once -made. <span class='it'>Wulse</span> furnishes a pun on the name of Wolsey.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='lym'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lym,</span></span> a lyam-hound, or one held by a leash. King Lear, iii. 6. 72. -Short for <span class='it'>lyam-hound</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#liam'>liam</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lymiter;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#limiter'>limiter</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>lythe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#lithe'>lithe</a>.</span></p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='M'>M</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>M,</span></span> abbreviation for Master as a conventional title. Phr. <span class='it'>to have</span> (or -<span class='it'>carry</span>) <span class='it'>an M under one’s girdle</span>, to use a respectful prefix (Mr. or Mrs.) when -addressing or mentioning a person; ‘You might carry an M under your -girdle to Mr. Deputy’s worship’, B. Jonson, &c., Eastward Ho, iv. 1 -(Constable); ‘Have you nere an M under your girdle’, Great Britons -Honycombe (Nares); ‘You might have an M under your Girdle, Miss’, -Swift, Polite Conversation; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 133. [‘Ye might -hae had an M under your belt for Mistress Wilson of Milnwood’, Scott, -Old Mortality, xxix.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mace-proof,</span></span> proof against fear of bailiffs or mace-carrying serjeants. -Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Bonamico); Gamester, iii. 1 (Lord F.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mackrel gale,</span></span> a fresh gale, when mackerel are more easily caught. -Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 456.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maculate,</span></span> to stain, defile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 26, § 8; -<span class='it'>maculated</span>, spotted, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 29, § 9. L. -<span class='it'>maculare</span>, to spot; from <span class='it'>macula</span>, a spot.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mad'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mad</span>(<span class='bold'>de,</span></span> a maggot or grub, esp. the larva which causes a disease in -sheep. Tusser, Husbandry, § 50; Best, Farming Books (Surtees Soc., 6); -Worlidge, Syst. Agric. 273; an earthworm, ‘Mooles take mads’, Warner, -Alb. England, ii. 9, st. 52; Holland, Pliny, ii. 361. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mathe'>mathe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maddle-coddle,</span></span> foolish. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 391. See EDD. (s.v. Maddle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Madrill,</span></span> Madrid. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1 (Pedro); ii. 1 -(Alvarez); Marvell, Appleton House. Cp. Span. <span class='it'>Madrileño</span>, a native or -inhabitant of Madrid.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magar,</span></span> some kind of ship. Only in Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 86; p. 90, -col. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mage,</span></span> a magician. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 14. L. <span class='it'>magus</span>, pl. <span class='it'>magi</span>, ‘the -Wise Men’ (Vulgate, Matt. ii. 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maggot-pate,</span></span> a light-headed whimsical person. Beaumont and Fl., -Span. Curate, iv. 5 (Milanes).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maggot-pye,</span></span> a magpie. Macbeth, iii. 4. 125; ‘<span class='it'>Gazzotto</span>, a maggot-a-pie’, -Florio. ‘Magot’ was a pet name for Margaret, see Bardsley, English -Surnames, 76. F. <span class='it'>Margot</span>, ‘diminutif très familier de Marguerite, nom -vulgaire de la pie’ (Littré). ‘Maggotty-pie’ is in prov. use in Wilts., -Somerset, and Cornwall for the magpie, see EDD. (s.v. Maggot, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magisterium,</span></span> lit. mastery; a name for the ‘philosopher’s stone’. -B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). See Ducange.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magnificate,</span></span> to magnify; ‘A church reformed state, The which the -female tongues magnificate’, Marston, Sat. ii. 42; ridiculed by Jonson, -Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); p. 130.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magnificence,</span></span> liberality of expenditure combined with good taste. -Massinger, Renegado, ii. 4 (Vitelli); Duke of Milan, iii. 1 (Charles). Cp. -Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 736.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>magnificent,</span></span> munificent, liberal. Massinger, Emp. of the East, ii. 1 -(Theodosius); Parl. of Love, iv. 1 (Dinant).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maid,</span></span> a name given to the thornback and skate, when young. A -Woman never vexed, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 112; Drayton, Pol. xxv. -104; Gay, Trivia, ii. 292. In prov. use in Ireland and various parts of -England, see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mail,</span></span> in hawking, to tie or wrap up a hawk with a girdle or kerchief, -to secure her. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain); Fletcher and -Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 3 (Gerasto). See NED. (s.v. Mail, vb.<sup>3</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>main,</span></span> in the game of hazard, a number (from five to nine inclusive) -called by the caster before the dice are thrown; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 47; -<span class='it'>mains</span>, throws at dice; Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Quadratus). See -NED. (s.v. Main, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mainprize,</span></span> suretyship, acceptance of suretyship. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. -60; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); ‘<span class='it'>Mainprise</span>, the receiving -a man into friendly custody, that otherwise is or might be committed to -prison, upon security given for his forthcoming at a day assigned’, -Cowell, Interpreter (ed. 1637). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>maynprys</span> (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maiordomo,</span></span> ‘major-domo’, the chief officer or servant of a princely -or wealthy household. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4 (ed. Arber, -158). Span. <span class='it'>mayordomo</span>, a steward (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maistry,</span></span> a competitive feat of strength or skill. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 17, § 4; <span class='it'>masteries</span>, Bacon, Essay 19, § 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='make'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>make,</span></span> a companion, husband, wife. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 7; iii. 11. 2. -Hence <span class='it'>makeless</span>, widowed, Shak., Sonnet 9. ME. <span class='it'>make</span>, a mate, equal, -match; a wedded companion, husband or wife (Chaucer). Still in use in -these senses in Scotland, also in England in many parts from the north -to Glouc. OE. <span class='it'>gemaca</span>.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>makeless,</span> matchless, incomparable, Mirror for Mag, Buckingham, st. 13.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>make-bate,</span></span> a mischief-maker, promoter of quarrels. Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid, ii. 573 (ed. Arber, 62); <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Tim. iii. 3 (margin); Titus ii. 3 -(margin); ‘Satan the author and sower of discord stirred up his instruments, -certain Frenchmen, tittivillers and makebaits about the King’, -Foxe, Bk. Martyrs (ed. Cattley, ii. 648); Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. -2 (Nicholas). In prov. use in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Make, vb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>making,</span></span> a match-making, matching. Middleton, A Trick to catch, -iii. 3 (Witgood).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='malakatoon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malakatoon,</span></span> a quince, a peach grafted on a quince. Webster, Devil’s -Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio); <span class='it'>malicatoon</span>, Rowley, All’s Lost, i. 3. 15. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#melocotone'>melocotone</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malander, mallander,</span></span> a dry scabby eruption behind the knee in -horses. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 94; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Knockem). F. <span class='it'>malandre</span>; Late L. <span class='it'>malandria</span>, pl. pustules on the neck, -esp. in horses (Vegetius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>male,</span></span> a bag, wallet, pack. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142. 2; ‘Male -or wallet, to putte geare in’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. 4. -ME. <span class='it'>male</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3115). See Dict. (s.v. Mail, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>male-ease,</span></span> indisposition, illness. Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 2; -bk. viii, c. 41. F. <span class='it'>malaise</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malefice,</span></span> an evil deed. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1154. L. <span class='it'>maleficium</span>, -evil deed.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malengin, malengine,</span></span> evil contrivance, ill intent, deceit. Spenser, -F. Q. iii. 1. 53; v. 9. 5. ME. <span class='it'>malengin</span>: ‘The florin Was moder ferst of -malengin’ (Gower, C. A. v. 345). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>malengin</span>, evil device (Gower, -Mirour, 6544); cp. <span class='it'>engin</span>, device, trickery, id., 2102.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maleur,</span></span> misfortune. Spelt <span class='it'>maleheure</span>, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 169. -1; <span class='it'>maleure</span>, id., lf. 244, back, 22. OF. <span class='it'>maleur</span>; L. <span class='it'>malum augurium</span>, evil -destiny.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maleurous,</span></span> unlucky. Spelt <span class='it'>malewreus</span>, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 82. 26. -OF. <span class='it'>maleuros</span> (F. <span class='it'>malheureux</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maleurtee,</span></span> misfortune. Spelt <span class='it'>maleheurte</span>, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -338. 15. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='male-uryd'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>male-uryd,</span></span> ill-omened, unlucky. Skelton, Against the Scottes, 111. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#ure2'>ure</a></span> (destiny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='malgrado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malgrado,</span></span> ‘maugre’, in despite of, to the loss of; ‘Malgrado of his -honour’, Greene, Orl. Fur. v. 2 (Orlando); Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5. 5. Ital. -<span class='it'>malgrado</span>, ‘in despight of’ (Florio). Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#maugre'>maugre</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malice,</span></span> to regard with malice, seek to injure. Surrey. Complaint of -a Lover that defied Love, 34 (in Tottell’s Misc., p. 8); North, tr. of Plutarch, -Coriolanus, § 13 (in Shak. Plut., p. 23). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='malkin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malkin,</span></span> an untidy female servant, a slut, slattern. Coriolanus, ii. 1. -227; Pericles, iv. 3. 34; used as a term of abuse, a lewd woman, spelt -<span class='it'>maukin</span>, Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady); Death of E. -Huntington, ii. 1 (Hubert), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 258. ‘Malkin’ -(‘Mawkin’) is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland for a slattern, -and as a term of abuse, see EDD. (s.v. Mawkin, 2). It is prop. a dimin. of -the Christian name <span class='it'>Maud</span> (ME. <span class='it'>Malde</span>), a F. equivalent of <span class='it'>Matilda</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mall,</span></span> a club. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 51; an iron club, id., iv. 5. 42. As -vb., to beat down, id., v. 11. 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malleation,</span></span> the test of hammering. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). -From L. <span class='it'>malleus</span>, a hammer.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>malleted,</span></span> infixed as if by a ‘mallet’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -iii. 649.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maltalent,</span></span> ill-will. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 61. ME. <span class='it'>maltalent</span>, ill-will, -ill-humour (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 273 and 330); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>maltalant</span>, ill-humour -(Ch. Rol. 271).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mammer,</span></span> to waver, to be undecided. Othello, iii. 3. 70; Drant, tr. -Horace, 2 Sat. 3. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>mamere</span>, ‘mutulare’ -(Voc. 668. 26). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mammet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mammet,</span></span> a puppet, an odd figure, freq. used as a term of abuse. -Romeo, iii. 5. 186; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 95; spelt <span class='it'>maumet</span>, Machin, The Dumb -Knight, iii. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mommet). ME. <span class='it'>maumet</span>, an idol, -a false god (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 860); OF. <span class='it'>mahumet</span>, an idol, orig. Mahomet, -who was supposed to be one of the false gods of the Saracens (Ch. Rol. -2590).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mammock,</span></span> a scrap, shred. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 654; to tear into -shreds, Coriolanus, i. 3. 71. ‘Mammock’, a broken piece, scrap, slice of -food; to cut into pieces—in prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mammothrept,</span></span> a spoiled child, weakling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, iv. 1 (Amorphus). Gk. μαμμόθρεπτος, brought up by one’s grandmother.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>man,</span></span> to ‘squire’, or accompany a lady, to escort. Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 291); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (Amaranta).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manable,</span></span> used of a girl of marriageable age. Middleton, Family of -Love, iv. 4 (Gudgeon); ‘She’s manable’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, ii. 1 -(Otrante).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manage,</span></span> management, control. Richard II, iii. 3. 179; Edw. III, iii. -3. 224.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manchet,</span></span> a small loaf of white bread. Drayton, Pol., Song, xvi. 229; -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Roger). In prov. use in Yorks., Lanc., -and in the west country (EDD.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>manchette</span>, ‘pain à croûte dure, -inégale, fait en forme de couronne’ (Moisy). Prob. the same word as F. -<span class='it'>manchette</span>, a cuff (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manderer;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#maunder1'>maunder</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mandilion,</span></span> a soldier’s cloak. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, x. 120; Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares. Ital. <span class='it'>mandiglione</span>, -a jacket (Florio), deriv. of Med. L. <span class='it'>mantile</span>, cp. Span. <span class='it'>mantilla</span>. See Dozy, -Glossaire, 299.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mandragora,</span></span> mandrake. Othello, iii. 3. 330; Ant. and Cl. i. 5. 4. Gk. -μανδραγόρας.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mandrake,</span></span> the plant <span class='it'>Atropa mandragora</span>; of a strong narcotic quality. -Its root was thought to resemble the human figure, and to cause madness -by its shriek or groan when torn from the ground. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 310; -Romeo, iv. 3. 47; a term of abuse, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 16; iii. 2. 342.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mandritta, mandrita,</span></span> in fencing, a cut from right to left. Nabbes, -Microcosmos, i. 2 (Choler); Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 56. -Ital. <span class='it'>mandritto</span>, <span class='it'>manritto</span>, ‘a right handed blow’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='maner'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maner, manner:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to be taken with the maner</span>, to be taken in the -act. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Num. v. 13 (ed. 1611); also, in the Geneva Bible (1562); -1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 350; Winter’s Tale, iv. 3 (or 4), 755. ‘If the Defendant -were taken with the mainour (or manour)’, Cowell, Interpreter (s.v. -Mainour); ‘He is taken with the maynure’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. ii. c. 7, § 6. Compare the Anglo-F. legal phrase <span class='it'>pris ov mainoure</span>, and -the L. <span class='it'>cum manuopere captus</span>, i.e. taken with the thing stolen in one’s -possession (Ducange, s.v. Manopera); <span class='it'>mainoure</span>, lit. hand-work, acquired -the legal sense of ‘thing stolen’. Later, to be taken <span class='it'>in the</span> (<span class='it'>i’th</span>) <span class='it'>manner</span>, -Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Mainour).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mangonize,</span></span> to sell men or boys for slaves. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 -(Tucca). L. <span class='it'>mangonizare</span>, to trim up an article for sale (Pliny); <span class='it'>mango</span>, -a dealer in slaves and wares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manicon,</span></span> the name of a narcotic, obtained from a kind of night-shade, -so called from its supposed power of causing madness; ‘(Who) Bewitch -hermetic men to run Stark staring mad with manicon’, Butler, Hud. iii. -1. 324. See Alphita, 176 (under Strignus manicon, and Solatrum mortale). -Cp. Gk. στρύχνος μανικός (Dioscorides).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maniple,</span></span> a handful, bundle. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Dia.); -a band of men, Milton, Areopagitica (ed. Hales, 48). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manner;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#maner'>maner</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manred,</span></span> the men whom the lord could call upon in time of war; -hence, a supply of fighting men; ‘Manred and retinew’, Holland, -Camden’s Brit., Scot. ii. 17 (NED.); Phaer, Aeneid vii, 644 and 710 -(L. orig. ‘cohors’). OE. <span class='it'>mannrǣden</span>, homage, service due from tenants.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manticore,</span></span> a fabulous animal, compounded of a lion, porcupine, and -scorpion, with a human head. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 118 and 124; -‘Mantichoras, monstrous beasts’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v -(Butler). Gk. μαντιχώρας, a corrupt reading for μαρτιχόρας in Aristotle; -from a Persian word meaning ‘man-eater’. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manto,</span></span> a cloak. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 700. Ital. <span class='it'>manto</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mantoon,</span></span> a mantle. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). Ital. -<span class='it'>mantone</span>, <span class='it'>manto</span>, a cloak (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>manurage,</span></span> cultivation of land. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, -c. 14, st. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>map,</span></span> a mop. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto); ‘Map’ is a Yorks. -pronunc. of ‘mop’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maquerelle,</span></span> a bawd, a procuress. Westward Ho, v. 3; Shirley, -Triumph of Peace (Second Antimasque). F. <span class='it'>maquerelle</span>, ‘a (woman) bawd, -the solicitrix of Lechery’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marablane,</span></span> an Oriental aromatic. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 -(Spaniard). See <span class='bold'><a href='#myrobalane'>myrobalane</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marasmus,</span></span> a wasting away of the body. Milton, P. L. xi. 487. Gk. -μαρασμός.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marchesite;</span></span> ‘marcasite’; a kind of iron pyrites. B. Jonson, Alchem. -ii. 1 (Surly). Ital. <span class='it'>marchesita</span>, <span class='it'>marcasita</span>, ‘a marquesit, or fire-stone, good -to make mill-stones’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marcussotte,</span></span> to cut the beard in a particular way; ‘And with a -sythe doth marcussotte his bristled berd’, Golding, Metam. xiii. 766; -fol. 163 (1603). F. <span class='it'>Barbe faicte à la marquisotte</span>, ‘Cut after the Turkish -fashion; all being shaven away but the mustachoes’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mare,</span></span> the nightmare. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 83. ME. <span class='it'>mare</span> or nyȝhte mare, -‘epialtes’ (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>mare</span>, Icel. <span class='it'>mara</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mare:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to ride the wild mare</span>, to play at see-saw. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. -268; <span class='it'>the two-legged mare</span>, the gallows, Like Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -iii. 335, 345.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mare;</span></span> ‘the blues’, melancholy; ‘Away the mare’, Skelton, Elynour -Rummyng, 110; ‘Let pass away the mare’, Calisto and Melibæa, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 57.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mare,</span></span> a term in wrestling; a particular kind of grip. Drayton, Pol. -i. 244. Also called <span class='it'>the flying mare</span>; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mareyse,</span></span> a marsh. Morte Arthur, leaf 113. 5; bk. vi, c. 14; lf. 217. 17; -bk. x, c. 1. OF. <span class='it'>mareis</span>; Med. L. <span class='it'>mariscus</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>margaret, margarite,</span></span> a pearl. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 76; p. 90, -col. 1; A Looking-Glasse, i. 1. 100 (Rasni). F. <span class='it'>Marguerite</span>, ‘Margaret -(a woman’s name); also a (Margarite) pearl’ (Cotgr.). L <span class='it'>margarita</span>, -Gk. μαργαρίτης, a pearl.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marge,</span></span> margin, brink, border. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 6. Drayton, -Pol. ii. 25. F. <span class='it'>marge</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>margery-prater,</span></span> a hen (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 -(Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 83. <span class='it'>Prater</span> = cackler.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marginal finger,</span></span> an index-hand in the margin of a book (☞); used -to direct attention to a striking passage. Massinger, Fatal Dowry (Romont; -towards the end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mark,</span></span> a coin worth 13<span class='it'>s.</span> 4<span class='it'>d.</span>, or 2/3 of the £ sterling. Measure for M. iv. -3. 7; King John, ii. 530.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mark-white,</span></span> white mark, centre. Phr. <span class='it'>at the marke white</span>, at the white -mark in the centre of a target, Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; cp. <span class='it'>the white</span>, Tam. -Shrew, v. 2. 186. And see <span class='bold'><a href='#rove'>rove</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marle,</span></span> to marvel, wonder. Eastward Ho, iii. 2 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Carlo); a marvel, B. Jonson, Silent -Woman, iii. 1 (Mrs. Otter). A Devon and Somerset pronunc., see EDD. -(s.v. Marl, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marlian,</span></span> a merlin, small hawk. Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 132, l. 1. -A Cornish pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Marlin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marling,</span></span> a ‘marline’, a small tarred cord used for binding ropes. -Dryden, Annus Mirab. 148. See Dict. (s.v. Marline).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marmaritin,</span></span> a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. -<span class='it'>marmaritis</span>; Gk. μαρμαρῖτις, a plant that grows in marble quarries -(Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='marmoll'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marmoll,</span></span> an enflamed sore, esp. on the leg. Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1932. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mortmal'>mortmal</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marrow,</span></span> a companion, partner, mate. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57, st. 40; -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 195. In common prov. use in the -north to Cheshire and Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Marrow, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME. -<span class='it'>marwe</span>, ‘socius, sodalis, compar’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='marry1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marry gip</span></span> (an exclamation); ‘Marry gip, thought I, with a wanion!’, -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Waspe); -cp. the oath, <span class='it'>By Mary Gipcy</span> (i.e. by S. Mary of Egypt), Skelton, Garl. of -Laurell, 1455.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marry gup</span></span> (an exclamation); <span class='it'>marie gup!</span>, Lyly, Midas, v. 2 (Licio) -See NED. (s.v. Marry, int., c).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>marry muff,</span></span> some kind of cheap textile fabric; ‘A sute of Marrymuffe’, -Meeting of Gallants (NED.). Used as a derisive exclamation, -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Mars,</span></span> an alchemist’s name for iron. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mart:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>letters of mart</span>, <span class='it'>letters of marque</span>, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, i. 3 -(Goswin); Wife for a Month, ii. 1 (Tony). See Dict. (s.v. Marque).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>martagan,</span></span> martagon, Turk’s-cap lily; <span class='it'>Lilium martagon</span>. B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Aiken). F. ‘<span class='it'>martagon de Constantinople</span>, the Byzantine -Lilly’ (Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>martagone</span>; Turk. <span class='it'>martagān</span>, a kind of turban, a -martagon-lily.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>martel,</span></span> to hammer. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 42. OF. <span class='it'>marteler</span>, deriv. of -OF. <span class='it'>martel</span>, a hammer.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>martern,</span></span> the ‘marten’, an animal of the weasel kind. Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); Harrison, Descript. England, ii. 19 (ed. -Furnivall, 310). See Dict. (s.v. Marten).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>martialist,</span></span> a military man. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Martlemas,</span></span> Martinmas. St. Martin’s day, Nov. 11. Meat was often -killed at this time to be salted for use at Christmas, Greene, George-a-Greene -(ll. 439, 1001), ed. Dyce, p. 260, col. 1; p. 266, col. 1; <span class='it'>Martilmas</span>, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; Tusser, § 12. 3. An E. Anglian form -of Martinmas (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mary, maree,</span></span> marrow. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 66; <span class='it'>maree</span>, Golding, -tr. of Met. ix. 172. ME. <span class='it'>mary</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 542); <span class='it'>mary-bones</span>, marrow-bones -(id., C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 380).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maryhinchco, maryhinchcho,</span></span> a disease to which horses are subject; -‘She has had a string-halt, the maryhinchco’, B. Jonson, Barth. -Fair, iii. 1 (Knockem). Markham explains it thus: ‘The string-halt, of -some called the mary-hinchcho, is a sodaine twitching up of the horses -hinder legges’ (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mash,</span></span> to become enmeshed or entangled. Warner, Albion’s England, -vi. 29, st. 27. See NED. (s.v. Mesh, vb.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maship,</span></span> a shorter form of <span class='it'>mastership</span>, as a term of respect. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mask,</span></span> the ‘mesh’ of a net. Brewer, Lingua, ii. 6 (Mendacio). A -Cheshire pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Maske). ME. <span class='it'>maske</span>, ‘macula’ (Prompt.); -OE. <span class='it'>max</span>, cp. Dan. <span class='it'>maske</span>. See NED. (s.v. Mask, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>masticot, masticote,</span></span> ‘massicot’, yellow protoxide of lead, used as -a pigment. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 13; pp. 130, 132. F. <span class='it'>massicot</span>, -‘oaker [ochre] made of Ceruse, or white lead’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mastlin1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mastlin,</span></span> mixed corn, esp. a mixture of wheat and rye. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 63. 23; ‘<span class='it'>Metail</span>, Messling or Masslin, Wheat and Rie mingled, -sowed and used together’, Cotgrave. ME. <span class='it'>mestlyon</span> or mongorne, ‘mixtilio’ -(Prompt. EETS. 286). ‘Meslin’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland, -see EDD. (s.v. Maslin, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mastlin, maslin,</span></span> a kind of brass. Brewer, Lingua, iv. 1 (Heuresis). -In prov. use as an attrib.: maslin kettles, pans, pots, spoons, see EDD. -(s.v. Maslin, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>maslin</span>, also, <span class='it'>mestling</span> (NED.); OE. <span class='it'>mæs</span>(<span class='it'>t</span>)<span class='it'>ling</span> -(B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>masty,</span></span> a mastiff. Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 4 (Witgood); used -<span class='it'>fig.</span> of a cannon (from its noise). Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, iv. 1 (near the -end). In prov. use in the north (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>mastin</span>, a mastive (Cotgr.); -with change of suffix, cp. <span class='it'>haughty</span> (F. <span class='it'>hautain</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matachin,</span></span> a kind of sword-dancer in a fantastic costume; ‘They -looked upon one another as if they had been Matachines’, Luna’s Pursuit -(NED.); see Douce, Illustrations of Shakespeare, ii. 435, quotation in -Nares. Also, the dance performed by ‘matachins’, Webster, White -Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 -(Miramont); spelt <span class='it'>mattacina</span>, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 38). Span. -<span class='it'>matachin</span>, ‘a sword-dancer; as <span class='it'>dança de matachines</span>, a dance with swords, -in which they fence and strike at one another, as if they were in earnest; -receiving the blows on their bucklers, and keeping time’ (Stevens). Of -Arab. origin, see Dozy, 309.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matador,</span></span> the slayer of the bull in a Spanish bull-fight. Dryden, -Span. Friar, i. 2 (Elvira). Also, in the card-games of ombre and quadrille, -a ‘killing’ or principal card, Pope, Rape of the Lock, 321, 335; Etherege, -Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Medley). Span. <span class='it'>matador</span>, a killer; ‘At the game -of Hombre on the cards, there are four <span class='it'>Matadores</span>; that is, four murdering -cards; so called because they win all others’ (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matchecold,</span></span> machicolated; i.e. furnished with machicolations, which -are openings between the corbels that support a projecting parapet of a -tower; Morte Arthur, leaf 113, back; bk. vii, c. 10 (beginning). F. <span class='it'>maschecoulis</span>, -‘the stones over a gate resembling a grate through which offensive -things are thrown upon Pioneers and other assailants’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matchless,</span></span> of things that are not a match, or pair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. -1. 28.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mathe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mathe,</span></span> a maggot. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 18. 8, § 45; Caxton, -Reynard, xxviii (ed. Arber, 69). OE. <span class='it'>maða</span> (Voc. 205. 8). See <a href='#mad'><span class='bold'>mad</span>(<span class='bold'>de</span></a><span class='bold'>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>matted,</span></span> dulled, deprived of lustre or gloss; ‘Oile colours matted’, -Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 12a (Appendix D. 116). See NED. (s.v. Mat, -vb. 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='maugre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maugre,</span></span> to act in spite of, to defy. Webster, Appius, ii. 3 (App. -Claudius). F. <span class='it'>maugréer</span>, ‘to curse, ban, blaspheme, revile extreamly’ -(Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#malgrado'>malgrado</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maukin;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#malkin'>malkin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maule,</span></span> a heavy hammer. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mall'>mall</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maumet;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mammet'>mammet</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maund,</span></span> to beg (Cant). ‘One that maunds Upon the pad’ [highway], -B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy Canter); ‘<span class='it'>Maunde</span>, -aske . . . <span class='it'>hygh pad</span>, hygh waye’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Maund on your -own pads’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Hence, <span class='it'>maunder</span>, a -beggar, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See EDD. (s.v. Maund, -vb.). OF. <span class='it'>mandier</span> (F. <span class='it'>mendier</span>), to beg (Bartsch), L. <span class='it'>mendicare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='maunder1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maunder,</span></span> to beg. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 1 (De Vitry); hence -<span class='it'>maunderer</span>: ‘a maunderer upon the pad’, a beggar on the road, Dekker -and Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Teareat).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maunder,</span></span> to grumble, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 1 (Margarite). In -gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maundie,</span></span> a maundy-dole; hence, almsgiving. Herrick, Noble -Numbers (The Widow’s Teares), st. 3. ME. <span class='it'>maundee</span>, ‘maundy’, the washing -of the disciples’ feet (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 140, see note, p. 239); OF. -<span class='it'>mandé</span>,’ lavement des pieds’ (Didot); Eccles. L. <span class='it'>mandatum</span>, commandment -(Vulgate, John xiii. 34); ‘ablutio pedum’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mauther'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mauther,</span></span> a young girl. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril). Spelt -<span class='it'>moether</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17, st. 13. An E. Anglian word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maw,</span></span> a game at cards. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 1. 16; Chapman, Mayday, -Act v (Lodovico). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>may,</span></span> a maiden. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 39; Greene, Description -of the Shepherd, l. 57; ed. Dyce, p. 305. Of frequent occurrence in -Scottish Ballads, see EDD. (s.v. May, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>mai</span> (Cursor M. 3238); -OE. <span class='it'>mǣg</span>, a kinswoman, a maiden.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>May-game,</span></span> a mirthful spectacle (metaphorically). Ford, Lover’s -Melancholy, i. 2. 10. ‘May games’ were the dancings and merry-makings -round the May-pole, after the gathering of the May. See Stubbes, Anatomy -of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, pp. 149, 305); Herrick’s Hesperides (Corinna’s -going a-Maying), &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>May-lord,</span></span> a young man chosen to preside over May-day festivities. -Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Knight of the B. Pestle, -iv. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mayneal;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#menial'>menial</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>maynure;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#maner'>maner</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mazard, mazzard,</span></span> the head. Hamlet, v. 1. 97; Othello, ii. 3. 155. -Spelt <span class='it'>mazer</span>, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 2 (Fustigo). A <span class='it'>fig.</span> use of -<span class='it'>mazer</span>, a bowl. See Dict., and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 183.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>mazard,</span> to knock on the head, kill; ‘If I had not been a spirit, I -had been mazarded’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin Goodfellow).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meach;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mich'>mich</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='meacock'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meacock,</span></span> an effeminate person, a coward; ‘A meacock wretch’, Tam. -Shrew, ii. 1. 315; spelt <span class='it'>mecocke</span>, ‘As stout as a stockefish, as meeke as -a mecocke’, Appius and Virginia (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mean,</span></span> in music, the tenor or middle part, Two Gent. i. 2. 95. In use -in Warwicksh. as late as 1850, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). Cp. It. <span class='it'>mezzano</span>, -‘a mean or countertenor in musick’, Florio. ME. <span class='it'>mene</span>, of songe, -‘Introcentus’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, ‘A <span class='it'>Meyne</span>, intercentus’ (Cath. -Angl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mean,</span></span> to lament, ‘moan’. Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 331. A north-country -word for uttering a moaning sound, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). -ME. <span class='it'>mene</span>, to bemoan (Cursor M. 18255). OE. <span class='it'>mǣnan</span>, to lament.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meane,</span></span> mien, look. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 11. Probably an aphetic -form of <span class='it'>demean</span>, see NED. (s.v. Mien).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mease'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mease,</span></span> a mess, portion of food. Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 2 (570); -p. 124, col. 2; a group of four, ‘A mease of men, <span class='it'>quatuor</span>’, Levins, Manip. -<span class='it'>Mease</span> is a Yorks. form of <span class='it'>mess</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Mess, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>mese</span>, ‘ferculum’ -(Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>mees</span> of mete, ‘ferculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 286). -F. <span class='it'>més</span>, ‘a messe or service of meat’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#mess'>mess</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meath,</span></span> ‘mead’; a sweet drink made with honey. Drayton, Pol. iv. -112; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.); Milton, P. L. v. 345. ‘Meath’, -a drink made with honey, is in prov. use in Cheshire, Pembroke, Somerset, -and Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Mead, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='meaze'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meaze,</span></span> the ‘form’ of a hare. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#muse2'>muse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mechal,</span></span> adulterous. Only in Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (O. Ger.); -Rape of Lucrece, iv. 3 (Sextus). Gk. μοιχός, an adulterer.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mecocke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#meacock'>meacock</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meddle, medle,</span></span> to mingle, mix. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 61; Shep. Kal., -April, 68. OF. <span class='it'>medler</span>, <span class='it'>mesler</span> (F. <span class='it'>mêler</span>), to mix.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meech;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mich'>mich</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meered;</span></span> ‘He being the meered question’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 10. -Formation and sense doubtful; Schmidt explains: he being the only -cause and subject of the war.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meet,</span></span> to be even with; ‘I have heard of your tricks . . . I may live To -meet thee’, Fletcher, Hon. Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Montague); id., Rule -a Wife, v. 3 (Leon). Also, <span class='it'>to meet with</span>; ‘I’ll meet with you anon for interrupting -me so’, Marlowe, Faust, x; ‘I shall find time to meet with -them’, Englishmen for any Money, iii. 2 (Pisaro), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -x. 513. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meg,</span></span> a guinea. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meg-holly, by the,</span></span> a mild oath. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); -vol. i, p. 40.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='meint'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meint, meynt,</span></span> mingled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 81; <span class='it'>ment</span>, F. Q. -v. 5. 12; vi. 6. 25. ‘Ment’ is obsolescent in the north country, see -EDD. (s.v. Ment, pp.). ME. <span class='it'>meynt</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>mengen</span> (Lydgate, Storie of -Thebes, 1260). OE. <span class='it'>mengan</span>, to mix. See Dict. M. and S.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='meiny'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meiny, meinie,</span></span> a body of retainers. King Lear, ii. 4. 35; the common -herd, Coriolanus, iii. 1. 65. Of freq. occurrence in north-country -ballad literature for a company of followers, also, a crowd, throng, multitude, -see EDD. (s.v. Menyie). ME. <span class='it'>meynè</span>, a household, family (Wyclif, -Acts iii. 25). OF. <span class='it'>maisnée</span>, ‘famille’ (La Curne), see Ducange (s.v. Maisnada). -A deriv. of L. <span class='it'>mansio</span> (an abode). See <span class='bold'><a href='#menial'>menial</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mell,</span></span> to meddle, to have to do with. All’s Well, iv. 3. 257; Spenser, -F. Q. v. 9. 1; v. 12. 35. In common prov. use in Scotland, also in Yorks. -and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. Mell, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1. to mingle, 2. to meddle). ME. -<span class='it'>melle</span>, to mix (Hampole, Ps. ix. 9). OF. <span class='it'>meller</span>, <span class='it'>mesler</span> (F. <span class='it'>mêler</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mell,</span></span> honey. Gascoigne, Works, i. 102; Herrick, Hesperides, Pray -and Prosper, 4. L. <span class='it'>mel</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='melocotone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>melocotone,</span></span> a peach grafted on a quince. Bacon, Essay 46; melicotton, -B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Winwife). Span. <span class='it'>melocoton</span>, Med. L. -<span class='it'>melum cotoneum</span>, Gk. μῆλον Κυδώνιον, ‘Cydonian apple’ (NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#malakatoon'>malakatoon</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>melotte,</span></span> a garment of skins, worn by monks. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, -866. L. <span class='it'>melota</span> (Vulgate); Gk. μηλωτή, a sheepskin; also, a skin of any -animal (Heb. xi. 37). See Prompt. EETS. 191 (and Latin Glossary, -p. 819).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='menial'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>menial,</span></span> a servant of the household; ‘The great Housekeeper of the -World . . . will never leave any of his menials without the bread of sufficiency’, -Bp. Hall, Balm Gilead, xii. § 4; <span class='it'>mayneal</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 215, -back, 35; bk. x, c. 11. See <span class='bold'><a href='#meiny'>meiny</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ment;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#meint'>meint</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>merce,</span></span> to ‘amerce’, to fine. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, i -(Sir Wil. Scarborow; l. 12 from end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>merchant,</span></span> a fellow, a chap. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 57; Romeo, ii. 4. 153; -Latimer, Serm., 115 (Nares). Phr. <span class='it'>to play the merchant with</span>, to get the -better of, to cheat, Rowley, Woman never Vext, iv. 1. 51.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mercify,</span></span> to pity. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 32.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mercurial finger,</span></span> the little finger. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). -In chiromancy the little finger was assigned to Mercury.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>merds,</span></span> fæces, excrement. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). L. -<span class='it'>merda</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mere, mear,</span></span> a boundary, limit; spelt <span class='it'>meare</span>. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 46; -Drayton, Pol. xix. 405. Hence, <span class='it'>meer-stone</span>, Bacon, Essay 56, § 1. In gen. -prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mear). ME. <span class='it'>mere</span> (Prompt, EETS. 286). OE. -<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>mǣre</span>, boundary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mere, mear,</span></span> to mark out by means of ‘meres’; ‘The Latine name -Which mear’d her rule with Africa’, Spenser, Ruines Rome, xxii; <span class='it'>to mear -on</span>, to abut upon, border upon, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 520.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mere,</span></span> absolute, complete, unqualified, Merry Wives, iv. 5. 64; wholly, -completely, All’s Well, iii. 5. 58; Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 4. 9; <span class='it'>merely</span>, -absolutely, entirely, Temp. i. 1. 21; Hamlet, i. 2. 137.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meridian,</span></span> a period of repose at noon; ‘Ye, a meridian to lul him by -daylight’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 30. Monastic L. <span class='it'>meridiana</span>, -‘somnus meridianus’ (Ducange). Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>meriggiána</span>, ‘midday; a pleasant -shady place to feed, to rest, or sleep, and recreate in at noon, or in -the heat of the day’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mermaid,</span></span> a cant term for a courtesan. Massinger, Old Law, iv. 1 -(Agatha).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>merrygall, merrygald,</span></span> a gall or sore produced by chafing; ‘Heales -a merrygald’, Turbervile, Hunting, p. 139; ‘Merry-gals and raw places’, -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxi, c. 18; vol. ii. 101.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mesel,</span></span> a foul person; used as a term of abuse; spelt <span class='it'>messel</span>, London -Prodigal, ii. 4. 74; iv. 1. 78. In Devon and Somerset, <span class='it'>meazle</span> is used as a -term of abuse, meaning a filthy creature. ME. <span class='it'>mesel</span>, a leper (Wyclif, -Matt. x. 8). OF. <span class='it'>mesel</span> ‘lépreux’ (Didot); O. Prov. <span class='it'>mezel</span>, ‘lépreux’, <span class='it'>mezelia</span>, -‘lèpre’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mesprise,</span></span> contempt, scorn. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 39. F. <span class='it'>mespris</span>, -‘contempt, neglect’ (Cotgr.), deriv. of <span class='it'>mespriser</span>, to fail to appreciate. F. -<span class='it'>mépris</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mesprize'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mesprize,</span></span> mistake. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 19. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>mesprise</span>, error, -offence (Gower, Mirour, 1548). F. <span class='it'>méprise</span>, cp. <span class='it'>mesprendre</span>, to mistake (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mess'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mess,</span></span> a group of four persons or things; ‘Where are your mess of sons -to back you now?’, 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 73; L. L. L. iv. 3. 207; ‘There lacks a -fourth thing to make up the mess’, Latimer, Serm. v; ‘A mess of most -eminent men, Nicolaus Lyra . . . Hieronymus de Sanctâ Fide . . . Ludovicus -Carettus . . . Emmanuel Tremellius’, Fuller, A Pisgah Sight, Pt. ii, -bk. 5; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, 393); Heywood, Witches of Lanc. i. 1 -(Shakstone), in Wks. iv. 173. A ‘mess’ at the Inns of Court still consists -of four. See Trench, Select Glossary. See EDD. (s.v. Mess, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4). -F. <span class='it'>més</span>, ‘a messe or service of meat’ (Cotgr ). Med. L. <span class='it'>missus</span> (Ducange). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#mease'>mease</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>messe:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>by the messe</span>, by the mass, used in oaths and asseverations. -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2201; ‘By the Mes’, Hen. V, iii. 2. 122; also, -<span class='it'>mess</span> by itself, ‘Mess! I’d rather kiss these Gentlewomen’, Congreve, -Love for Love, iii. 3 (Ben). This asseveration is still in prov. use in -various forms in the north country: <span class='it'>By th’ mass</span> (Lanc.); <span class='it'>By th’ mess</span> -(Westm.); <span class='it'>Amess, Mess</span> (Cumb.), see EDD. (s.v. Mass, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3). F. <span class='it'>messe</span>, -the mass, the Eucharist.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>messling;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mastlin1'>mastlin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>met,</span></span> measure. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 333. A north-country word -for a measure, gen. a bushel, see EDD. (s.v. Mete). ME. <span class='it'>mette</span>, ‘mensura’ -(Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>met</span>, ‘mensura, modius, satum’ (B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mete'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mete,</span></span> to measure; <span class='it'>met</span>, pt. t., Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 327; <span class='it'>mete</span>, pp. -Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. ME. <span class='it'>meten</span> (Wyclif, Matt. vii. 2). -OE. <span class='it'>metan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>metely,</span></span> moderately; ‘Metely good’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, -c. 16. OE. <span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>met ice</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>metereza,</span></span> mistress. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Sinquapace); -<span class='it'>metreza</span>, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). Neither French nor Italian, -but a mixture of the two (Nares). An alteration of F. <span class='it'>maîtresse</span>, with an -Italian termination.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>metoposcopy,</span></span> divination by observing the forehead. B. Jonson, -Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). Gk. μέτωπο-ν, forehead; σκοπεῖν, to observe.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meuse;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#muse2'>muse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>meve,</span></span> to move; ‘I meve or styrre from a place, <span class='it'>je meuve</span>’, Palsgrave; -Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; <span class='it'>meeve</span>, Damon and Pithias (Nares); -<span class='it'>mieve</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 26. ‘Meve’ is an E. Anglian form (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>mevyn</span>, ‘amoveo’ (Prompt.). OF. <span class='it'>moev-</span> (<span class='it'>meuv-</span>), stressed stem of <span class='it'>movoir</span>, -to move.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mew,</span></span> to moult. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, ii. 2 (Martell); Wildgoose -Chase, i. 1 (La Castre). F. <span class='it'>muer</span>; L. <span class='it'>mutare</span>, to change.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mew2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mew,</span></span> a coop for hawks; ‘Mewe for haukes, <span class='it'>meue</span>’, Palsgrave; a place -of confinement, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 20; ii. 5. 27 and 7. 19. F. <span class='it'>mue</span>, a -hawk’s mue or coop; <span class='it'>mue</span>, a change, the mewing of a hawk (Cotgr.), fr. -<span class='it'>muer</span>, ‘to change, to mew’ (ib.); L. <span class='it'>mutare</span>. Our word ‘mews’, for a -range of stabling, is derived from the <span class='it'>Mews</span> by Charing Cross, the name -of the place for the King’s horses, orig. the place for the king’s falcons -and the royal falconer. See Stow’s Survey of London (ed. Thoms, 167).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mew:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>knights of the mew</span>, knights of the cat-call; the least select -among an audience at a theatre. Marston, What you Will, Induction -(Doricus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mich'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mich,</span></span> to skulk, to lurk stealthily. Heywood, A Woman Killed (ed. -1874, ii. 113), spelt <span class='it'>meach</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, -v. 2. 11; hence <span class='it'>micher</span>, a truant, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 450; a skulker, Beaumont -and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. Loveless); spelt <span class='it'>meecher</span>, Bonduca, -i. 2 (Petillius). ‘Mitch’ and ‘meech’ are in common prov. use (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>mychyn</span>, or stelyn prively smale thyngys, ‘surripio, furtulo’ (Prompt. -EETS. 301). Of Ger. origin, see Schade, Altdeutsches Wörterbuch (s.v. -mûhhan). See NED. (s.v. Miche).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miching malicho</span></span> (meaning quite uncertain), Hamlet, iii. 2. 148. -Textual variants are: <span class='it'>myching Mallico</span>, <span class='it'>munching Mallico</span>, <span class='it'>miching mallecho</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>migniard,</span></span> tender, delicate. B. Jonson. Devil an Ass, i. 2 (Fitz.). -F. <span class='it'>mignard</span>, ‘migniard, pretty, quaint; dainty, delicate’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>migniardise,</span></span> delicate attention. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 -(Picklock). F. <span class='it'>mignardise</span>, ‘quaintnesse . . . smooth or fair speech, kind -usage’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mill,</span></span> to steal or rob (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -see Harman, Caveat, p. 67.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mime,</span></span> a mimic, jester, pantomimist. B. Jonson, Epigrams, bk. i, -cxxix; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Gk. μῖμος.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mince,</span></span> to walk affectedly or primly. Merry Wives, v. 1. 9; <span class='it'>mincing</span>, -<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isa. iii. 16; <span class='it'>minsen</span>, pres. pl., Drayton, Pastorals, vii. 14. Also, to -perform mincingly, to parade, King Lear, iv. 6. 122. F. <span class='it'>mincer</span>, to mince, -to cut into small pieces (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minchen,</span></span> a nun. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 18, § 3. ‘<span class='it'>Mincheon -lane</span>, so called of . . . the <span class='it'>Minchuns</span>, or nuns of St. Helen’s’, Stow, Survey -of London (ed. Thoms, p. 50). OE. <span class='it'>mynecenu</span>, f. of <span class='it'>munuc</span>, a monk.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mind,</span></span> to mean, intend. Mids. Night’s D. v. 113; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1. -8, 64, 106, 140; Evelyn, Diary (May 21, 1645). In common prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Mind, vb. 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ming,</span></span> to mingle, mix. Surrey, Description of Spring, 11; in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>mynge</span>, to mix -(Wyclif, Rev. xviii. 6); OE. <span class='it'>mengan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minge,</span></span> to mention. Hall. Satires, IV. ii. 80 (Davies). In prov. use, -see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>mynge</span> (Pearl, 855); OE. <span class='it'>myn</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>)<span class='it'>gian</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minikin,</span></span> a playful or endearing term for a female. Glapthorne, -Hollander, ii (NED.). A Shropshire word for a delicate affected girl, see -EDD. (sv. Minikin, 3). Du. <span class='it'>minneken</span> (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minikin,</span></span> small, delicate; ‘One blast of thy minikin mouth’, King -Lear, iii. 6. 45. Cp. the Somerset phr. ‘Her was a poor little minnikin -thing’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minikin string,</span></span> the thin string of gut used for the treble of the lute -or viol, Ascham, Tox. 28. Hence, phr. <span class='it'>to tickle the minikin</span>, to play on the -treble string, Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Gerardine); a <span class='it'>minikin-tickler</span>, -a fiddler, Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Albano).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minim,</span></span> a note, a part of a song or lay. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 28.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miniments,</span></span> ‘muniments’, valuable belongings. Spenser, F. Q. -iv. 8. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minion,</span></span> a darling, a favourite, esp. in a contemptuous sense, a mistress, -a paramour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; ‘A minion wyfe’, a neat, pretty wife, -Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 86); the name of a small kind of ordnance, -Whitelocke, Memorials (ed. 1853, i. 273); Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3. 6. -F. <span class='it'>mignon</span>, ‘a minion, favourite, wanton, darling; also, minion, dainty, -neat’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minth,</span></span> the plant called mint. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Flora). -Gk. μίνθα.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mint-man,</span></span> one skilled in coinage. Bacon, Essay 20, § 7.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minx,</span></span> a pert girl, hussy. Congreve, Love for L., ii. 1; a wanton -woman, Dryden, Limberham, i. 1; ‘<span class='it'>Magalda</span>, a trull or minxe’, Florio; -<span class='it'>Mistress Minx</span>, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 (Faustus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>minx,</span></span> a pet dog. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 140.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mirador,</span></span> gallery to gaze from, balcony. Dryden, Conquest of -Granada, I. i. 1 (Abdelmelech). Span. <span class='it'>mirador</span>, a balcony (Stevens). See -Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mischief,</span></span> misfortune, disaster. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 76; Much Ado, -i. 3. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misconster,</span></span> to misconstrue. Shirley, Love in a Maze, ii. 1. 8. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#conster'>conster</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miscreaunce,</span></span> misbelief, false belief. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 51; Shep. -Kal., May, 91. F. <span class='it'>mescreance</span> (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misdeem,</span></span> to judge amiss of, to think evil of. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 49; -iii. 10. 29; Milton, P. R. i. 424; to judge amiss, id., P. L. ix. 301.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misken,</span></span> a ‘mixen’, a manure-heap. Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 1 -(Toby). A west-midland pronunc. of <span class='it'>mixen</span> (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miskin,</span></span> a little bagpipe. Drayton, Pastorals, ii. 5. A dimin. (through -Dutch?) of OF. <span class='it'>muse</span>, a bagpipe, cp. F. <span class='it'>musette</span>, a little bagpipe (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misprise,</span></span> to mistake; ‘Misprise me not’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, -iii. 3 (Maximilian). See <span class='bold'><a href='#mesprize'>mesprize</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mister1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mister:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>what mister wight</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 23; iii. 7. 14, i.e. -a man of what ‘mister’ (occupation), or, a man of what class, what kind -of a man. The idiom occurs as an archaism in Spenser, borrowed from -Chaucer, ‘But telleth me what mister men ye been’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1710). So -we find, <span class='it'>what mister thing</span>, what kind of thing, Beaumont and Fl., Little -French Lawyer, ii. 3. 19; <span class='it'>such myster saying</span>, such a kind of saying, Shep. -Kal., Sept., 103. <span class='it'>Mister</span> (or <span class='it'>mester</span>) is very common in ME. in the sense of -office, employment, business. OF. <span class='it'>mestier</span> (F. <span class='it'>métier</span>); Med. L. <span class='it'>misterium</span>, -for <span class='it'>ministerium</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mister,</span></span> to be necessary or needful; ‘As for my name, it mistreth not -to tell’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 51. From <span class='it'>mister</span>, need, necessity, want; cp. -Scottish proverb, ‘Mister maks man o’ craft’, Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, -250); Ferguson, Proverbs (ed. 1641, p. 24). See EDD. (s.v. Mister, vb. 1 -and 3). ME. <span class='it'>mistere</span>, need (Cursor M. 3247); OF. (Norman) <span class='it'>mestier</span>, ‘besoin, -nécessité’ (Moisy). The same word as <span class='bold'><a href='#mister1'>mister</a>,</span> above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mistery,</span></span> occupation, profession. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 221. ME. -<span class='it'>misterye</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 890); Med. L. <span class='it'>misterium</span>, ‘officium’ (Ducange). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#mister1'>mister</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mistress,</span></span> the small bowl, or jack, in the game of bowls. Middleton, -No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 3 (Mis. Low.); cp. ‘His bias was towards my -mistress’, Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Brains); cp. A Woman never -vext, iv. 1 (Lambskin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='misured'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>misured,</span></span> ill-omened, fatal; ‘O foule mysuryd ground, Whereon he -gat his finall dedely wounde’, Skelton, Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, -118. Cp. OF. <span class='it'>meseur</span>, ‘malheur’ (Godefroy); <span class='it'>meseurus</span>, ‘malheureux’ (Chron. -des ducs de Normandie, in Didot). See <span class='bold'><a href='#eure'>eure</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mite,</span></span> a small coin of very small value; used in negative phrases for -a thing of little worth; ‘The price falleth not one mite’, More’s Utopia -(ed. Arber, 42). Hence <span class='it'>miting</span>: ‘Nat worthe a mytyng’, not worth a mite, -Skelton, Poems against Garnesche, iii. 115. ME. <span class='it'>myte</span>: ‘Noght worth -a myte’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1558). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mithridate,</span></span> a compound regarded as an antidote against all poisons. -Fletcher, Valentinian, v. 2 (Val.); Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 4 -(Adorni). Named from Mithridates, king of Pontus, who was said to have -been proof against poison owing to his constant use of antidotes. See -Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>miting,</span></span> a diminutive creature; freq. used as a term of endearment or -contempt, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 224. ME. <span class='it'>mytyng</span> (Towneley Myst. xii. -477).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mixt,</span></span> to mix; ‘<span class='it'>I myxte</span>, or myngell’, Palsgrave; pres. pt., <span class='it'>mixting</span>, -Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 13, § 4. Hence <span class='it'>mixt</span>, a mixture; ‘A mixt of -both’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 9 (ed. Arber, 97). From the L. -pp. <span class='it'>mixtus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mo, moe,</span></span> orig. used as adv.; ‘Gent’lest fair, mourne, mourne no moe’ -(mourn no more), Fletcher, Q. Corinth, iii. 2 (Song); <span class='it'>the moe</span>, the majority, -the greater part, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 15 (ed. Arber, 48); <span class='it'>mo</span>, more in -number, ‘mo tymes’, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 7); ‘Infinite moe . . . He -there beheld’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 63. ME. <span class='it'>mo</span>, adj., more in number, adv., -any longer (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>mā</span>; Goth. <span class='it'>mais</span>, more (adv.). See Wright’s -OE. Gram. § 252.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mobble, moble,</span></span> to muffle up one’s head or face; also, with <span class='it'>up</span>; ‘<span class='it'>Mobled</span> -queen’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 524; <span class='it'>mobble up</span>, Shirley, Gent. of Venice, v. 3 -(Florelli). A Warw. and Shropsh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Moble).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mobile,</span></span> mob; ‘The mobile’, Dryden, Pref. to Don Sebastian, § 2; id., -i. 1 (near the end); iv. 2 (end). Common from ab. 1676 to 1700; shortened -to <span class='it'>mobb</span>, <span class='it'>c.</span> 1688. It represents the L. <span class='it'>mobile vulgus</span>, the inconstant -crowd. See Dict. (s.v. Mob), and Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mockado,</span></span> a kind of cloth much used for clothing; ‘Who would not -thinke it a ridiculous thing to see a Lady in her milke-house with a velvet -gowne, and at a bridall in her cassock of mockado’, Puttenham, Eng. -Poesie (ed. Arber, 290); Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 (Guzman); Lodge, Wit’s -Miserie, 14. A quasi-Spanish form from F. <span class='it'>moucade</span>, ‘the stuffe moccadoe’ -(Cotgr.). Of Arab. origin, see NED. (s.v. Mohair), and Thomas, <span class='it'>Essais</span> -(s.v. Camoiard).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moder, modere,</span></span> to moderate, restrain. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 6, -back, 18; Sir T. More, Works, p. 882, col. 2. OF. <span class='it'>moderer</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>modern,</span></span> ordinary, commonplace, common; in a depreciatory sense. -As You Like It, ii. 7. 156; Macbeth, iv. 3. 170. The only Shakespearian -sense; peculiarly Elizabethan.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mo'>mo</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='moil1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moil, moyle,</span></span> a ‘mule’. Ford, Fancies, ii. 2; More’s Utopia (ed. -Lumby, 51); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Welford). Common -in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Moyle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='moil2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moil, moyle,</span></span> a kind of slipper or shoe; ‘Moyles of velvet to save thy -shooes of lether’, J. Heywood, Prov. and Epigr. (ed. 1867, 214); ‘<span class='it'>Moiles</span>, -a kind of high-soled shoes, worn in ancient times by Kings and great -Persons’, Phillips; spelt <span class='it'>mule</span>, ‘He had ane pair of mules on his feit’, -Spalding, Troubles of Charles I (NED.). F. <span class='it'>mules</span>, ‘moyles, pantofles, -high slippers’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>muylen</span>, pantoffles (Hexham). Med. L. -<span class='it'>mula</span>, ‘crepida’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moil, moyle,</span></span> to wet; to soil, make dirty. Turbervile, Hunting, 33; -to defile, Spenser, Hymn Heavenly Love, 220; to toil, work hard, drudge, -Bacon, Essay, Plantations; to weary, fatigue, harass, Stanyhurst, tr. -Aeneid, i (ed. Arber, 27). In common prov. use in many senses, to plaster -with mud, to soil, defile, to work hard, to worry, see EDD. (s.v. Moil, vb.). -F. <span class='it'>mouiller</span> (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mold,</span></span> a ‘mole’, spot, blemish. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mould'>mould</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mollipuff;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mullipuff'>mullipuff</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mome,</span></span> a blockhead. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 32; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49; -Levins, Manipulus; Drayton, Skeltoniad, p. 1373; Mirror for Mag. 466; -Dekker, Gull’s Horne-bk. 5; Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 2. 5. Dialect of -Geneva <span class='it'>mome</span>, ‘sot, nigaud’; cp. F. (argot) <span class='it'>mome</span>, ‘garçon’ (Sainéan, p. 206).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Momtanish</span></span> (?); ‘And this your momtanish inhumanytye’, Sir -T. More, ii. 4. 162. Dr. H. Bradley conjectures <span class='it'>Moritanish</span> (i.e. Moorish).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moniment,</span></span> memorial, anything by which a thing may be remembered. -Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 38; ii. 10. 56; used of dints on a shield, F. Q. ii. 12. 80; -of an inscription stamped on coin, F. Q. ii. 7. 5. L. <span class='it'>monimentum</span>, deriv. of -<span class='it'>monere</span>, to remind.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Monmouth cap,</span></span> a flat round cap formerly worn by soldiers and sailors, -Hen. V, iv. 7. 104; Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 2) (Touchstone). Also, <span class='it'>monmouth</span>, -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>monomachy,</span></span> single combat. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Enceladus); -vol. iii, p. 50. Gk. μονομαχία; deriv. of μονομάχος, fighting alone.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>monster,</span></span> a prodigy, wonder, divine omen. Phaer, Aeneid ii, 680 -(L. <span class='it'>mirabile monstrum</span>); id., iii. 26.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>montant</span></span> (a fencing term), an upright blow or thrust. Merry Wives, -ii. 3. 27; <span class='it'>montanto</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil). -F. <span class='it'>montant</span> (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>month:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to have a month’s mind</span>, to have an inclination, a fancy, -a liking. Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 464); ‘<span class='it'>Tu es bien engrand de trotter</span>, Thou -hast a moneths mind to be gone’, Cotgrave; Pepys, Diary, May 20, 1660. -In prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Month, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3 (b)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>monthly,</span></span> madly; after the manner of a lunatic. Only in Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 2 (Moll).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moodeles, modeless,</span></span> unmeasured, vast, huge; Mirror for Mag., -Morindus, st. 17. Frequent in Greene (NED.). From <span class='it'>mode</span>, measure, -size, manner, &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moon,</span></span> a fit of frenzy; ‘I know ’twas but some peevish Moone in him’, -C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii (Duke).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mooncalf'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mooncalf,</span></span> a false conception, imperfect foetus; hence, monstrosity. -Tempest, ii. 2. 111; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); Drayton, -The Mooncalf. Cp. G. <span class='it'>mondkalb</span>, ‘ungestalte Missgeburt’ (Weigand).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moonling,</span></span> a mooncalf, silly fellow. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 -(Wit.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mooting-night,</span></span> a night at the Inns of Court, when imaginary cases -at law are discussed by the students. Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 5 -(Song, verse 2). See Dict. (s.v. Moot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mooting-time,</span></span> the moulting season. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 120. In -prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mout). ME. <span class='it'>mowtyn</span>, as fowlys, ‘deplumeo’ -(Prompt.); cp. Du. <span class='it'>muyten</span>, ‘to mue as hawkes doe’ (Hexham); Low G. -<span class='it'>muten</span> (G. <span class='it'>mausen</span>), to moult (Berghaus); L. <span class='it'>mutare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mop,</span></span> a grimace, Temp. iv. 1. 47; to make grimaces, King Lear, iv. 1. 64; -‘To moppe, maw, <span class='it'>movere labia</span>’, Levins, Manip.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moppe</span></span> (see quot.); ‘I called her (the young lady) Moppe . . . Understanding -by this word, a litle prety Lady, or tender young thing. For so -we call litle fishes that be not come to full growth, as whiting moppes, -gurnard moppes’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, 229). Cp. ME. -<span class='it'>moppe</span>, ‘pupa’ (Prompt. EETS. 292).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moppet,</span></span> a term of endearment applied to a child or a young girl, -Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2 (end); The Spectator, no. 277. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>more,</span></span> the root of a tree or plant; a plant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 10. -A west-country word from Worc. to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. More). -ME. <span class='it'>more</span>, root (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 25). OE. <span class='it'>more</span>, <span class='it'>moru</span>, an edible root, -a carrot, parsnip (B. T.), cp. G. <span class='it'>möhre</span>, a carrot.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morelle,</span></span> a dark-coloured horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 11; i. 24, -l. 17. ME. <span class='it'>morel</span>, hors (Prompt. EETS. 293). Norm. F. <span class='it'>morel</span>, <span class='it'>cheval morel</span>, -‘cheval noir’ (Moisy). F. <span class='it'>morel</span>, <span class='it'>moreau</span>, <span class='it'>cheval moreau,</span> a black horse -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morfound,</span></span> a disease in horses, sheep, &c., due to taking a chill. Spelt -<span class='it'>morfounde</span>, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. Palsgrave has: ‘I morfonde, as -a horse dothe that waxeth styffe by taking of a sodayne colde.’ F. <span class='it'>se -morfondre</span>, to take cold (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Morglay,</span></span> the name of the sword belonging to Sir Bevis, Drayton, -Polyolbion, ii. 332; used allusively for a sword, Beaumont and Fl., -Honest Man’s Fortune, i. 1 (Longueville); Stanyhurst, Aeneid, ii -(Arber, 60); Cleaveland’s Poems (Nares). We may perhaps compare -<span class='it'>claymore</span> (<span class='it'>glaymore</span>), see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Morian'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Morian,</span></span> of the Moorish race, pertaining to the Moors; a Moor; <span class='it'>the -Moryans land</span>, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. lxviii. 31 (rendering of ‘Aethiopia’ -in Vulgate); <span class='it'>the Morians londe</span>, Coverdale (1535), ib.; cp. Luther’s rendering, -<span class='it'>Mohrenland</span>, land of the Moors. See Bible Word-Book. OF. <span class='it'>Morien</span> -(NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Murrian'>Murrian</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morigeration,</span></span> deference, obsequiousness. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, -i. 3. 10; Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. V, p. 29. L. <span class='it'>morigeratio</span>, compliance.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='morisco'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morisco,</span></span> a morris-dance. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, v. 2. 7. Also, -a morris-dancer, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 365. Properly, a Moorish dance; see -Stanford. Span. <span class='it'>morisco</span>, a man descended from Moors or converted from -them (Stevens). See <span class='bold'><a href='#morris-pike'>morris-pike</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mornifle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mornifle;</span></span> ‘Mornyfle, a maner of play, <span class='it'>mornifle</span>’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>mornifle</span>, -a trick at cards (Cotgr.); ‘réunion de quatre cartes semblables’ -(Hatzfeld). <span class='it'>Mornifle</span> also meant a cuff, a blow: ‘<span class='it'>donner mornifle</span>, c’est-à-dire -un soufflet’ (Oudin, 1640); see Sainéan, L’Argot ancien, p. 206. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#mournival'>mournival</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morphew,</span></span> a disease of the skin; ‘<span class='it'>Morféa</span>, the morphew in some womens -faces’, Florio; ‘Morfewe, a sickenesse’, Palsgrave. Hence, <span class='it'>morphewed</span>, -afflicted with the disease, Webster, Duchess of Malfi, ii. 1 (Bosola). ME. -<span class='it'>morfu</span>, ‘morphea’ (Prompt.). Med. L. <span class='it'>morfea</span>, ‘cutis foedacio maculosa’ -(Sin. Bart.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morpion,</span></span> a kind of louse. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. <span class='it'>morpion</span>, a crab-louse -(Cotgr.); cp. Rabelais, II. xxvii; deriv. of <span class='it'>mordre</span> + <span class='it'>pion</span>, ‘ce pou ayant -infesté surtout les anciens corps d’infanterie’ (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='morris-pike'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>morris-pike,</span></span> a form of pike supposed to be of Moorish origin, Com. -Errors, iv. 3. 28; <span class='it'>morispike</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 67). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#morisco'>morisco</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mort1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mort</span></span> (a hunting term). The note sounded on a horn at the death of -the deer, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 118; ‘He that bloweth the Mort before the -fall of the Buck’, Greene, Card of Fancie (Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mort2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mort</span></span> (Cant), a girl or woman. B. Jonson, Gypsies Met. 65; a female -vagabond, harlot, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Later, written -<span class='it'>mott</span> (<span class='it'>mot</span>), London slang for a woman of the town, see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mortar:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to fly to Rome with a mortar on one’s head</span>, app. a legendary -achievement of some wizard; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto); -Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 2 (Clown); Kemp, Nine Daies Wonder, -Ep. Ded. (NED.). F. <span class='it'>mortier</span>, ‘a morter to bray things in’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mortmal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mortmal, mormal,</span></span> an inflamed sore, esp. on the leg; ‘The old -mortmal on his shin’, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Maudlin); ‘Mormall, -a sore, <span class='it'>loup</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>mormale</span>, ‘malum mortuum’ (Prompt.). -OF. <span class='it'>mortmal</span>; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>malum mortuum</span>, ‘morbi genus pedum et tibiarum’ -(Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#marmoll'>marmoll</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mort-pays,</span></span> the taking of the King’s pay by a captain in service for -men who were dead or discharged; ‘The severe punishing of mort-pays’, -Bacon, Hist. Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 93). See <span class='bold'><a href='#dead'>dead pay</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>most an end,</span></span> generally, usually; continually. Massinger, A Very -Woman, iii. 1 (Merchant). <span class='it'>Honest</span> (addressing <span class='it'>Greatheart</span>): ‘Knew him! -I was a great companion of his; I was with him most an end’; Bunyan, -Pilgrim’s Progress, Pt. II. In common prov. use from Yorks. to E. Anglia, -see EDD. (s.v. Most, 7, 2a).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mot, motte,</span></span> a word, saying, motto, proverb. Rape of Lucrece, 830; -‘To gull him with a motte’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2 -(E. Knowell). F. <span class='it'>mot</span>, a word.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mote,</span></span> a note of a horn or bugle. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 20 (bk. vii, -ch. 8); ‘Mote, blaste of a horne’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>mot</span>, Chevy Chace, 16; <span class='it'>mott</span>, -Turbervile, Hunting, 86. ME. <span class='it'>moote</span> of an horne, blowyng (Prompt. EETS. -294, see note, no. 1431). F. <span class='it'>mot</span>, ‘the note winded by an huntsman on his -horn’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mote2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mote,</span></span> a pleading in a law-court. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14, -§ 7. OE. <span class='it'>mōtian</span>, to address a meeting, to discuss, ‘moot a question’ -(B. T.). See Dict. (s.v. Moot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mote,</span></span> may, must; ‘I mote dye’, Morte Arthur, leaf 34. 9; bk. i, c. 20; -‘Now <span class='it'>mote</span> ye understand’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 46. ME. <span class='it'>mot</span>, <span class='it'>moot</span>, pres. -(I or he) may, must; <span class='it'>moten</span>, <span class='it'>mote</span>, pl.; <span class='it'>moste</span>, pt. t. OE. <span class='it'>mōt</span>, (I, he) may; -<span class='it'>mōst</span>, 2 sing.; <span class='it'>mōton</span>, pl.; <span class='it'>mōste</span>, pt. t.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mother,</span></span> a young girl. Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, iii. 2 (Franio). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#mauther'>mauther</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mother, the,</span></span> hysteria. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront); -King Lear, ii. 4. 56.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mothering'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mothering,</span></span> the custom of visiting one’s mother, and giving and -receiving of presents of food, &c., on Mid-Lent Sunday; ‘Thou go’st a-mothering’, -Herrick, To Dianeme, A Ceremonie in Gloucester. See EDD. -(s.v. Mothering) for accounts of the customs connected with ‘Mothering -Sunday’ (Mid-Lent Sunday) in various parts of England from Yorks. to -Devon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moting,</span></span> mooting; i.e. discussion, debate. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, -1075. ME. <span class='it'>motyng</span>, or pletynge, ‘placitatio’ (Prompt. EETS. 294). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#mote2'>mote</a></span> (a pleading).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>motion,</span></span> a puppet-show. Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 103; a puppet, Two -Gent. ii. 1. 100; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, v. 3. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mott,</span></span> measured; pt. t. of <span class='bold'><a href='#mete'>mete</a></span> (q.v.). Spenser, Colin Clout, 365. See -NED. (s.v. Mete, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>motte;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mot'>mot</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouch,</span></span> to act by stealth; to idle and loaf about, Webster, Sir T. Wyatt -(Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. See <span class='it'>Mooch</span> in NED. and EDD. The word is in -gen. prov. use in the British Isles and in Australia.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mouchatoes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouchatoes,</span></span> moustaches. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Juliffe). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#mutchado'>mutchado</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mought,</span></span> a moth; ‘Mought that eates clothes, <span class='it'>ver de drap</span>’, Palsgrave. -Hence <span class='it'>moughte-eaten</span>, ‘Olde and moughte-eaten lawes’, More’s Utopia (ed. -Lumby, 53). ME. <span class='it'>mouȝte</span> (Wyclif, Matt. vi. 19); <span class='it'>moghte</span>, ‘tinea’ (Cath. -Angl.); OE. <span class='it'>mohða</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mought,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> might. Bacon, Essays (very common, see Abbott’s ed., -Index); Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 42. ME. <span class='it'>maht</span>, 2 pr. s.; <span class='it'>mahte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>mæi</span>, (I, -he) may; OE. <span class='it'>meaht</span>, 2 pr. s.; <span class='it'>meahte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>mæg</span>, (I, he) may, can.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mould'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mould,</span></span> a ‘<span class='it'>mole</span>’, a spot on the skin, birthmark. Gascoigne, Supposes, -v. 5 (Cleander); <span class='it'>mold</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See Dict. (s.v. Mould, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouldwarp,</span></span> the mole, ‘talpa’; <span class='it'>moldwarp</span>, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 148; -Spenser, Colin Clout, 763. In gen. prov. use in the north country, Midlands, -and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Mouldywarp). ME. <span class='it'>moldewarpe</span>, ‘talpa’ -(Cath. Angl.); cp. Dan. <span class='it'>muldvarp</span>, Norw. dial. <span class='it'>moldvarp</span> (Aasen), G. <span class='it'>maulwurf</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mount cent, mount saint,</span></span> a game at cards resembling piquet; -probably the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#cent'>cent</a></span> (q.v.), Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Queen). Prob. -from <span class='it'>mount</span>, i.e. amount, and <span class='it'>cent</span>, one hundred. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mountenance,</span></span> amount of space, distance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 18; -iii. 11. 20; v. 6. 36. ME. <span class='it'>mowntenawnce</span> (Prompt.); <span class='it'>montenance</span>, amount -(Cursor M. 29166).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mournival'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mournival,</span></span> a set of four aces, kings, queens, or knaves in one hand. -Cotton Gamester, 68; hence, a set of four (things or persons), B. Jonson, -Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth); <span class='it'>murnival</span>, Greene’s Tu Quoque, in Ancient -Eng. Drama, ii. 551. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mornifle'>mornifle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouse,</span></span> a term of endearment. Hamlet, iii. 4. 183; Middleton, -Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Openwork).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mouse-hunt,</span></span> a woman hunter. Romeo iv. 4. 11. This is prob. a <span class='it'>fig.</span> -use of <span class='it'>mouse-hunt</span>, a weasel, ‘The Ferrets and Moushunts of an Index’, -Milton (Wks., ed. 1851, iii. 81); spelt <span class='it'>musehont</span>, Caxton, Reynard (ed. -Arber, 79). ‘Mouse-hunt’ (‘Mouse-hound’) is in prov. use in E. Anglia -for the smallest animal of the weasel tribe. See EDD. (s.v. Mouse, 1, -(7) and (8)). M. Du. <span class='it'>muyshont</span>, or <span class='it'>muushont</span>, a weasel, lit. ‘a mouse-hound’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mowe,</span></span> to be able; ‘They shalle not mowe helpe, they shall not be -able to help’, Morte Arthur, leaf 61, back, 26; bk. iv, c. 3. ME. <span class='it'>mow</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>)<span class='it'>n</span>, -‘posse’ (Prompt. EETS. 302); see Chaucer (Tr. and Cr. ii. 1594). See -Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Mæi).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mowe,</span></span> to make grimaces; ‘I mow with the mouth, I mock one, -<span class='it'>Je fays la moue</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘Apes that moe and chatter’, Tempest, ii. 2. 9; -<span class='it'>mowing</span>, making grimaces, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mowes,</span></span> grimaces, ‘Making mowes at me’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span> (1539), Ps. xxxv. 15; -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49; Cymbeline, i. 6. 41. ME. <span class='it'>mow</span>, or scorne, ‘valgia’ -(Prompt. EETS. 294). F. <span class='it'>moue</span>, a moe, ‘an ill-favoured extension or -thrusting out of the lips’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mowles,</span></span> broken chilblains in the heels. Dunbar, Poems (ed. Small, -ii. 128). See EDD. (s.v. Mool), and Jamieson (s.v. Mules). ME. <span class='it'>mowle</span>, -‘pernio’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>mowle</span>, sore, ‘pustula, pernio’ (Prompt. EETS. 295, -see note, no. 1439). F. <span class='it'>mule</span>, ‘a kibe; <span class='it'>aller sur mule</span>: Il va sur mule aussi -bien que le Pape (an equivocation, applicable to one that hath kibed -heels)’; see Cotgrave. Cp. Du. <span class='it'>muyle</span>, a kibe (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moy,</span></span> an imaginary name of coin, evolved by Pistol out of his prisoner’s -speech; ‘Ayez pitié de <span class='it'>moi</span>! Moy shall not serve; I will have forty -moys’, &c., Hen. V, iv. 4. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moyle,</span></span> a variety of apple; ‘Of Moyle, or Mum, or Treacle’s viscous -juice’, J. Philips, Cider, bk. i. (Perhaps the word means a hybrid; cp. -<span class='it'>moyle</span>, a mule.) See <span class='bold'><a href='#gennet-moyl'>genet-moyl</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>moyle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#moil1'>moil</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muccinigo,</span></span> a small coin formerly current in Venice, worth about 9<span class='it'>d.</span> -B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1; iv. 1; Shirley, Gent. Venice, i. 1 (Cornari). -Ital. ‘<span class='it'>mocenigo</span>, a coyn in Venice; also the name of a considerable family -there’ (Florio). The coin was named from Tommaso Mocenigo, doge of -Venice, 1413-23. See NED. (s.v. Moccenigo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>much!,</span></span> a contemptuous exclamation of denial. <span class='it'>Much</span> = <span class='it'>much of that!</span>, -ironically; i.e. far from it, by no means. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 143; Marston, -Malcontent, ii. 2 (Celso), <span class='it'>Much wench!</span> i.e. no wench at all, B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brain-worm).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muck;</span></span> in Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1188. <span class='it'>To run amuck</span>, to run -about in a frenzy, is a phrase due to the Malay <span class='it'>āmuq</span>, ‘rushing in a state -of frenzy to the commission of indiscriminate murder’ (Marsden). Dryden -took the <span class='it'>a</span> in <span class='it'>amuck</span> to be the E. indef. article; and reproduced the phrase -in the curious form—<span class='it'>runs an Indian muck</span>. See Stanford (s.v. Amuck).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muckinder,</span></span> a handkerchief. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Turfe); -Fletcher, Captain, iii. 5 (Fabricio); ‘Mockendar for chyldre, <span class='it'>mouchouer</span>’, -Palsgrave. In prov. use in many parts of England from the north country -to Kent and Dorset in various forms; <span class='it'>muckinder</span>, <span class='it'>muckender</span>, <span class='it'>muckinger</span>, -<span class='it'>muckenger</span> (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>mokedore</span>, ‘sudarium’ (Voc. 614. 25), O. Prov. -<span class='it'>mocadour</span> (mod. <span class='it'>moucadour</span>), a handkerchief, Span. <span class='it'>mocador</span>, F. <span class='it'>mouchoir</span>; -deriv. of <span class='it'>moucher</span>, ‘débarrasser des mucosités que sécrète la muqueuse -nasale’ (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muffler,</span></span> (1) a wrapper worn by women and covering the face; (2) a -cloth for blindfolding a person. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73; Fletcher, Night-walker, -ii. 2 (near the end); 2 Hen. V, iii. 6. 32.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mugwet,</span></span> the intestines of an animal; ‘The gatherbagge or Mugwet -of a yong harte’, Turbervile, Hunting, 39. ‘Mugget’ is in prov. use in -Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall for sheep or calf’s intestines; see EDD. -See NED. (s.v. Mugget).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mule:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to ride upon a mule</span>, to be a great lawyer. B. Jonson, Ev. -Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Carlo); <span class='it'>to shoe one’s mule</span>, to help oneself out of -the funds trusted to one’s management, History of Francion (Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mule;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#moil2'>moil</a></span> (a slipper).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullar,</span></span> a ‘muller’, a stone with a flat base, held in the hand and used, -in conjunction with a grinding-stone or slab, in grinding painters’ colours. -Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, p. 136. F. <span class='it'>moulleur</span>, a grinder (Cotgr.); -deriv. of OF. <span class='it'>moldre</span>, L. <span class='it'>molere</span>, to grind.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullet,</span></span> the rowel of a spur; a mullet, in heraldry. Shirley, Love in -a Maze, i. 1 (Simple). F. <span class='it'>molette d’esperon</span>, the rowel of a spur (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullets,</span></span> pincers or tweezers. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). F. <span class='it'>mollette</span>, ‘a mullet, a nipper, a pincer’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mullipuff'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullipuff, mollipuff,</span></span> the puff-ball, or fuzz-ball. Shirley, St. Patrick, -v. 1 (2 Soldier). See NED. (s.v. Mullipuff), and EDD. (s.v. Mully-puff). -‘Mully’ in Norfolk is used for mouldy, powdery, see EDD. (s.v. Mull, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). Norw. dial. <span class='it'>moll</span>, mould (Aasen), Swed. <span class='it'>mull</span> (Widegren).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mullwine,</span></span> mulled wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3. 9. See Dict. (s.v. -Mulled).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mumbudget,</span></span> a word used to insist upon silence; ‘I cry . . . <span class='it'>mum</span>; she -cries <span class='it'>budget</span>’, Merry Wives, v. 2. 6; ‘Quoth she, <span class='it'>Mum budget</span>’, Butler, Hud. -i. 3. 208; ‘<span class='it'>Mumbudget</span>, not a word!’, Look about You, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -vii. 420.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mumchance,</span></span> the name of a game, both at dice and at cards. Westward -Ho, ii. 2 (with allusion to <span class='it'>bones</span>, i.e. dice); B. Jonson, Alchemist, -v. 2 (Subtle); Barth. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). Played in silence; whence the -name.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mumchance,</span></span> one who has nothing to say, a ‘dummy’. Plautus -made English (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of England, esp. in -the west country, for a stupid, silent, stolid person.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mummia, mummy,</span></span> a preparation used in medicine, chiefly from -the substance with which Egyptian mummies were preserved. Webster, -White Devil (beginning, Gasparo), ed. Dyce, p. 5; id. (Isabella), p. 15; -Beaumont and Fl., iii. 1 (Galoshio). See Dict. (s.v. Mummy), and Stanford -(s.v. Mummia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mump,</span></span> to overreach, to cheat; ‘Mump your proud players’, Buckingham, -The Rehearsal, ii. 2 (Bayes); ‘Mump’d of his snip’ (i.e. cheated of -his portion), Wycherley, Love in a Wood, i. 2 (Ranger); Gent. Dancing-master, -iv. 1 (Mrs. Caution). In prov. use in the west country, see EDD. -(s.v. Mump, vb.<sup>1</sup> 10). Du. <span class='it'>mompen</span>, ‘to mump, cheat’ (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mump,</span></span> to make grimaces, to screw up the mouth. Otway, Venice -Preserved, ii. 1 (Pierre); D’Urfey, Pills, vi. 198; a grimace, ‘<span class='it'>Monnoye de -singe</span>, moes, mumps’, Cotgrave. ‘To mump’ is used in Northamptonsh. -in the sense of drawing in the lips, screwing up the mouth with a smile: -‘She mumps up her mouth, she knows something’, see EDD. (s.v. -Mump, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mumpsimus.</span></span> [In allusion to the story of an illiterate English -priest, who when corrected for reading ‘quod in ore <span class='it'>mumpsimus</span>’ in the -Mass, replied ‘I will not change my old <span class='it'>mumpsimus</span> for your new <span class='it'>sumpsimus</span>’ -(NED.).] One who obstinately adheres to old ways in spite of the -clearest evidence that they are wrong, an old fogey, Underhill in Narr. -Reform. (Camden Soc., 141); Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 3 (Dulipo). See -Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mundungo,</span></span> bad-smelling tobacco; ‘A mundungo monopolist’, Lady -Alimony, ii. 2 (1 Boy); <span class='it'>snuff-mundungus</span>, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1006. A -jocular use of Span. <span class='it'>mondongo</span>, ‘hogs puddings’ (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>munify,</span></span> to fortify. Drayton, Barons’ Wars, ii. 34; hence, <span class='it'>munificence</span>, -defence, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 15 (ed. 1596).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>munite,</span></span> to fortify. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. i, c. 47; Bacon, Essay -3 (ed. Abbott, p. 10).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>munpins,</span></span> mouth-pegs, the teeth; a ludicrous form. <span class='it'>Munpynnys</span>, -Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 292. ‘Mun’ for mouth is in prov. -use in the north, and in slang use generally, see EDD. (s.v. Mun, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). -Norw. dial. <span class='it'>munn</span>, the mouth (Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muraill,</span></span> a wall; walls of a city. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 201, back, -14. F. <span class='it'>muraille</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murderer, murdering-piece,</span></span> a cannon or mortar, discharging -stones or grape-shot. Hamlet, iv. 5. 95; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3 -(Jaques); Double Marriage, iv. 2. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mure,</span></span> a wall. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; Heywood, If you know not Me -(Queen), vol. i, p. 338; to shut up, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; <span class='it'>mured up</span>, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34. L. <span class='it'>murus</span>, a wall.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murleon,</span></span> a merlin, a small hawk; ‘A cast [couple] of murleons’, -Damon and Pithias, Ancient Brit. Drama, i. 88, col. 2. ME. <span class='it'>merlioun</span>, -Chaucer (Parl. Foules, 339). F. <span class='it'>esmerillon</span> (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murnival;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#mournival'>mournival</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murr,</span></span> a violent catarrh, a severe cold in the head. Chapman, Mons. -d’Olive, ii. 1 (Philip); <span class='it'>murres</span>, pl., Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, fol. 3, -back; ‘Murre, <span class='it'>gravedo</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Murrian'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Murrian,</span></span> a Mauritanian, a Moor. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 315). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#Morian'>Morian</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>murrion,</span></span> a ‘morion’, a steel cap. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 -(Captain). Also jocularly, a nightcap; spelt <span class='it'>murrain</span>, id., Scornful Lady, -iv. 1 (Abigail). Span. <span class='it'>morrion</span> (Stevens). See Stanford (s.v. Morrion), -and Dict. (s.v. Morion).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muscadine,</span></span> a kind of wine with a musk-like perfume. Massinger, -City Madam, ii. 1. 12. See Dict. (s.v. Muscadel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Muscovy glass,</span></span> a kind of talc. B. Jonson, Prol. to Devil is an Ass, -17; Marston (Malcontent), i. 3 (Passarello).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muse,</span></span> to wonder, marvel. Coriolanus, iii. 2. 7; Macbeth, iii. 4. 85; -hence, <span class='it'>muses</span>, musings, thoughts, cogitations, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 94); -Englishman for my Money, iii. 2 (Harvey); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 509. -OF. <span class='it'>muser</span>, ‘regarder comme un sot’ (Bartsch), cp. Ital. <span class='it'>musare</span>, ‘to muse, to -gape, to hould ones muzle or snout in the aire’ (Florio); Prov. <span class='it'>muzar</span>, -‘regarder bouche béante’; <span class='it'>mus</span>, ‘figure, visage’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='muse2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muse,</span></span> a gap in a thicket or fence through which a hare or other beast -of sport is wont to pass; ‘Take a hare without a muse, and a knave without -an excuse’, Howell, Eng. Prov. 12; ‘The wild muse of a bore’ (boar), -Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 368; Heywood, Witches of Lancs. i. 1 (Bantam). -The word is in prov. use in many parts of England from the north -country to Sussex, written <span class='it'>muse</span>, <span class='it'>meuse</span>, <span class='it'>moose</span>, <span class='it'>muce</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Meuse). -F. dial. (Bas-Maine) <span class='it'>mus</span>, ‘muce, passage étroit à travers des broussailles -pour les lièvres, les lapins, &c.’ (Dottin); see Littré (s.v. Musse). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#meaze'>meaze</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muske-million,</span></span> the musk-melon. Drayton, Pol. xx. 54; Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 40. 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>musquet,</span></span> a hawk of a very small size. Dryden, Hind and Panther, -iii. 119; ‘Musket, a lytell hauke, <span class='it'>mouchet</span>’, Palsgrave. Ital. <span class='it'>mosquetto</span>, ‘a -musket-hawke’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>muss,</span></span> a scramble among boys, for trivial objects. Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. -91; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). ‘Muss’ means a confusion, -scramble, in Warwickshire, see EDD. (s.v. Muss, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mutchado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mutchado,</span></span> a moustache; ‘On his upper lippe A mutchado’, Arden of -Fev. ii. 1. 56; <span class='it'>mutchato</span>, Higgins, Induction to Mirror for Mag. (Nares); -<span class='it'>muschatoes</span>, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore). For numerous -spellings of the word ‘moustache’ see NED. See <span class='bold'><a href='#mouchatoes'>mouchatoes</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='mutton'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>mutton,</span></span> a strumpet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 2 (Mis. O.); Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 8 (Bots). See <span class='bold'><a href='#laced'>laced mutton</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='myrobalane'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>myrobalane,</span></span> a kind of dried Indian plum. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 -(Subtle). F. <span class='it'>myrobalan</span>, L. <span class='it'>myrobalanum</span>, Gk. μυροβάλανος, probably the ben-nut; -μύpov, unguent, and βάλανος, acorn.</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='N'>N</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nab,</span></span> the head. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, -Caveat, p. 82; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); <span class='it'>nabb</span>, a hat, Shadwell, -Squire Alsatia, ii. 1. Swed. dial, <span class='it'>nabb</span>, the head (Rietz).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nab-cheat,</span></span> a hat or cap. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1; Harman, -Caveat, p. 82. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a></span> (Thieves’ Cant).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nache,</span></span> the rump; ‘The nache by the tayle’, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -§ 57. 3. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Aitch-bone). OF. <span class='it'>nache</span>, a -buttock (Godefroy); Ital. <span class='it'>natica</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Aitch-bone).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nads,</span></span> an ‘adze’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>næve,</span></span> a spot, blemish; ‘Spots, like næves’, Dryden, Death of Lord -Hastings, 55. L. <span class='it'>naevus</span>, a mole, or mark on the body.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nake,</span></span> to bare, unsheathe a sword; ‘Nake your swords’, Tourneur, -Revenger’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Lussurioso). ME. <span class='it'>naken</span>, to make naked (Chaucer, -Boethius, bk. iv, met. 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>naked,</span></span> unarmed. Othello, v. 2. 258. Phr. <span class='it'>naked bed</span>, in reference to -the once common custom of sleeping undressed, no night-linen being -worn; ‘In her naked bed’, Venus and Ad. 397. See Nares; and EDD. -(s.v. Naked, 1 (1)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nale, at,</span></span> for <span class='it'>atten ale</span>, at the ale-house. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 166. Cp. Glouc. phrase, ‘He’s gone to nale’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>atte -nale</span>, at the ale-house (P. Plowman, C. viii. 19).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='nall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nall,</span></span> an ‘awl’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘A <span class='it'>naule</span>, idem quod <span class='it'>aule</span>’, -Levins, Manip.; ‘Nall for a souter, <span class='it'>alesne</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Nawl’ is in -common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>namecouth,</span></span> known by name, famous. Spelt <span class='it'>naamkouth</span>, Grimalde, -Concerning Virgil, 14; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 102.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>namely,</span></span> especially. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 14; vii. 7. 48.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nape,</span></span> to strike upon the nape or back of the head just above the neck. -‘Naped in the head’, Latimer, 3 Sermon (ed. Arber, 76); ‘<span class='it'>I nawpe</span> one in -the necke’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Napier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Napier’s bones,</span></span> ivory rods marked with numbers, for facilitating -calculation; invented by Lord Napier of Merchiston (d. 1617). Butler, -Hud. ii. 3. 1095; iii. 2. 409.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nappy,</span></span> having a head, foaming; heady, strong. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. -16; Gay, Shepherd’s Week, ii. 56. In common prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nares,</span></span> nostrils. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742; ‘Nares (of a hawk)’, Book of -St. Albans, fol. a 5; L. <span class='it'>nares</span>, pl. nostrils.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>narre,</span></span> nearer. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 97; Ruines of Rome, xvi. 3. -Icel. <span class='it'>nærre</span>, nearer (adj.); <span class='it'>nærr</span> (adv.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nas,</span></span> for <span class='it'>ne has</span>, has not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 61.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nase,</span></span> nose. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lorel). ME. <span class='it'>nase</span>, nose -(Wars Alex. 4519).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>natch,</span></span> a ‘notch’; ‘Cut all the natches of his tales’ (i.e. cut, in order to -destroy, all the notches off his accounts or tallies), Arden of Fev. v. 1. 24; -‘A natche, <span class='it'>incisura</span>; to natch, <span class='it'>incidere</span>’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in -various parts of the British Isles (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nathe,</span></span> ‘nave’ of a wheel. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 9. In common -prov. use in the north and the Midlands (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nathemore,</span></span> never the more. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 25; iv. 8. 14. For -the earlier <span class='it'>nathemo</span>. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>native,</span></span> in astrology; the subject of a horoscope, the person whose -nativity is being cast. Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); Butler, -Hud. i. 1. 608.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nawl;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#nall'>nall</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nay:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>say nay, and take it</span>, refuse, but accept; a proverbial expression -as to a maid’s part. Richard III, iii. 7. 50; Peele, Sir Clyomon, p. 494, -col. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ne,</span></span> nor. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 25; All’s Well, ii. 1. 176. ME. <span class='it'>ne</span>, nor -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 179). OE. <span class='it'>ne</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='neafe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neafe,</span></span> a clenched hand, a fist. Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 15; <span class='it'>neuf</span>, -B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 1 -(Cuddy). In common prov. use in various parts of the British Isles, -see EDD. (s.v. Neive). ME. <span class='it'>neefe</span>, a fist (Barbour’s Bruce, xvi. 129); also -in forms <span class='it'>nave</span>, <span class='it'>new</span>, in pl. <span class='it'>nevis</span>, <span class='it'>newys</span>, <span class='it'>newffys</span> (id., see Glossary). Icel. <span class='it'>hnefi</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neal,</span></span> to anneal. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neat-house.</span></span> The Neat House (lit. house for cattle) was a celebrated -market-garden, near Chelsea Bridge (Gifford); Massinger, City Madam, -iii. 1. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neatresse,</span></span> a female neatherd. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, -st. 48.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neck,</span></span> in chess; a move to cover check. Surrey, To the Lady that -scorned her Lover, 3, in Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 21). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neck-verse,</span></span> the Latin verse read by a malefactor, to entitle him to -benefit of clergy, so as to save his neck; usually Psalm li. 1, <span class='it'>Miserere mei</span>, &c. -Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Pilia); Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 3 (Chilax).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>needle,</span></span> to penetrate like a needle; to make their way into; ‘Mice -made holes to needle in their buttocks’ (of fat hogs), Middleton, Game -at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>needly,</span></span> of necessity, necessarily. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 517, -col. 2; id., Tale of Troy, p. 552. A Yorks. word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neeld,</span></span> a ‘needle’. Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, xx. 95; Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, i. 715; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 204. A common prov. form, see -EDD. (s.v. Needle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neele,</span></span> a ‘needle’. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 3 (Tyb). The word -spelt without the <span class='it'>d</span> is common in prov. E. in many spellings, as <span class='it'>neele</span>, <span class='it'>neel</span>, -<span class='it'>neal</span>, <span class='it'>nill</span>, <span class='it'>nail</span> (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neesing,</span></span> a sneezing, a sneeze. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xvii. 732; -<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Job xli. 18. ‘Neese’ is in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and various -parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Neeze). ME. <span class='it'>nesen</span> (Prompt.). Du. <span class='it'>niesen</span>, -to sneeze (Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Neese).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='neif'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neif,</span></span> one born on a feudal manor in a state of serfdom; ‘It signifieth -in our common law a bondwoman, the reason is, because women become -bound rather <span class='it'>nativitate</span> than by any other means’, Cowell. Spelt <span class='it'>nyefe</span>, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 342. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>neif</span>, ‘serf de naissance ou -d’origine’ (Didot); Med. L. <span class='it'>nativus</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neis,</span></span> to scent, smell; ‘The hart . . . nere fra’ hence sall neis her i’ the -wind’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). See NED. (s.v. Nese).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nephew,</span></span> a grandson. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 22; ii. 10. 45; ‘<span class='it'>Grandsires -and nephews</span>’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 3 (Curius); spelt <span class='it'>nevew</span>; Phaer, -Aeneid ii, 702 (= L. <span class='it'>nepotem</span>). See Trench, Select Glossary. ME. <span class='it'>nevewe</span>, -a grandson (Chaucer, Hous Fame, ii. 109). OF. <span class='it'>neveu</span>. O. Prov. <span class='it'>nep</span>, <span class='it'>nebot</span>. -L. <span class='it'>nepotem</span>, nephew, grandson.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nere,</span></span> nearer; ‘The nere to the churche, the ferther from God’, Heywood, -Prov. (ed. 1867, 17). ME. ‘þe nere þe cherche, þe fyrþer fro God’, -R. Brunne, Handlyng Synne. OE. <span class='it'>nēar</span>, compar. of <span class='it'>nēah</span>, nigh.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='nesh'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nesh,</span></span> soft, tender, delicate; ‘Like a nesh nag’, Beaumont and Fl., -Bonduca, iv. 1 (Petillius); ‘<span class='it'>Tendre</span>, tender, nice, nesh, delicate’, Cotgrave. -In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>nesche</span>, -‘mollis’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>hnesce</span>, soft (B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nest of goblets,</span></span> a set of them, of different sizes, fitting one inside -another. Northward Ho, iii. 2 (Bellamont); <span class='it'>neast of goblets</span>, Marston, -Dutch Courtezan, i. 1. 7. So also <span class='it'>a nest of boxes</span>; Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Socrates, § 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>net, nett,</span></span> clear, clean, bare. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 20; vi. 8. 45. -F. <span class='it'>net</span>, neat, clean, clear; bare, empty.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nettie,</span></span> neat, ‘natty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neuf;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#neafe'>neafe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neuft,</span></span> a newt, evet, or eft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 1 (Tucca); cp. -<span class='it'>newt</span> in Bartholomew Fair, Act ii, where Knockem says, ‘What! thou’lt -poison me with a <span class='it'>newt</span>’, &c.; where ed. 1614 has <span class='it'>neuft</span> (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Never a barrel the better herring,</span></span> proverbial saying, meaning -never one better than another, nothing to choose between them, referring -to the notion that you will not find a better herring by searching in a -new barrel. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 6 (Litio); Martiniere’s Voyage, 127 -(NED. (s.v. Herring)); [Fielding, T. Jones, x. v.]. Also, <span class='it'>In neither barrel -better herring</span>, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 102); Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Philip, § 11; ‘The Devil a barrel the better herring’, Bailey’s -Colleq., Erasmus, 373; cp. Gosson, School of Abuse, 32: ‘Of both barrelles -[i.e. as containing poets on the one side and cooks and painters on the -other] I judge Cookes and Painters the better herring.’ See Davies -(s.v. Herring).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>new-eared,</span></span> newly ploughed. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 492. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#ear'>ear</a></span> (to plough).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>newel,</span></span> a novelty, rarity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 276. Explained -as ‘a newe thing’. Formed from <span class='it'>new</span>, with the suffix of <span class='it'>novel</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>new-fangle,</span></span> fond of new things; ‘The peple were soo newfangle’, -Morte Arthur, leaf 421; bk. xxi, c. 1 (end). See Dict. (s.v. <span class='it'>Newfangled</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>new-year’s-gift,</span></span> a present to a great man on new-year’s day, usually -given in hope of a reward or by way of bribe. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Julio); Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>neysshe,</span></span> soft. Morte Arthur, leaf 311. 8; bk. xiii, c. 30. See <span class='bold'><a href='#nesh'>nesh</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='niaise'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niaise,</span></span> a young hawk taken out of the nest, applied allusively to a -simple, witless person. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz.); ‘<span class='it'>Niard</span>, a -nias faulcon’, Cotgrave. ‘Nias’ is a north Yorks. word for a young hawk -(EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>niais</span>, ‘qui n’est pas encore sorti du nid, qu’on a pris au nid’ -(La Curne). See <span class='bold'><a href='#eyas'>eyas</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nice;</span></span> in various senses. It means fine, elegant, Much Ado, v. 1. 75; -tender, delicate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 180; precise, Macbeth, iv. 3. 174; -scrupulous, Merch. Ven. ii. 1. 14; subtle, L. L. L. v. 2. 232; coy, prudish, -L. L. L. iii. 1. 24; squeamish, Tam. Shrew, iii. 1. 80; trifling, Romeo, iii. -1. 159. <span class='it'>To make it nice</span>, to seem reluctant, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, -§ 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 177).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niceness,</span></span> coyness, scrupulousness. Cymb. iii. 4. 158; Middleton, -A Fair Quarrel, i. 1 (Colonel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nick,</span></span> to cut in nicks or notches, Com. of Errors, v. 175; to clip, curtail, -Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 8. <span class='it'>In the nick</span>, at the right moment, Othello, v. 2. -317; <span class='it'>out of all nick</span>, beyond all reckoning, excessively, Two Gent. iv. 2. 76. -See EDD. (s.v. Nick, sb.<sup>4</sup> 1). Hence, <span class='it'>nick</span>, to hit off, to find out with precision; -‘You’ve nicked the channel’ (i.e. the right course), Congreve, -Love for Love, iii. 4 (Ben); <span class='it'>nicked</span>, luckily saved, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1304. -See EDD. (s.v. Nick, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nidget, nideot,</span></span> an ‘idiot’, simpleton. Spelt <span class='it'>nigget</span>, Middleton, The -Changeling, iii. 3 (Lollio). In prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niding;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#nithing'>nithing</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niece,</span></span> a grand-daughter, Richard III, iv. 1. 1; a relative, cousin (vaguely -used). Greene, Alphonsus, ii, prol. 12; id., iii (Fausta, l. 939). Down to -the beginning of the 17th cent. the sense of grand-daughter appears to -have been common; see Trench, Select Glossary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nifles,</span></span> trifles, things of little or no value; trifling tales; ‘The fables -and the nyfyls’, Heywood, A Mery Play, 434 (NED). ME. <span class='it'>nyfles</span>: ‘He -served hem with nyfles and with fablis’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1760). OF. -<span class='it'>nifles</span> (Godefroy). See EDD. (s.v. Nifle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nifling,</span></span> trifling, worthless, Lady Alimony, ii. 6. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niggers, niggers-noggers,</span></span> meaningless forms, used as minced -oaths. Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim.); also <span class='it'>sniggers</span>, id.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niggish,</span></span> niggardly, miserly; ‘Niggish slovenrie’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 11; ‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. -Lumby, 102). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niggle,</span></span> to do anything in a trifling, fiddling, ineffective way; ‘Take -heed, daughter, you niggle not with your conscience’, Massinger, -Emperor of the East, v. 3 (Theodosius). In prov. use with numerous -variations of sense, see EDD. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>nigla</span> (Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>night-cap,</span></span> a nocturnal bully, a notorious roisterer. Webster, Duch. -of Malfi, ii. 1; Devil’s Law-case, ii, 1. See <span class='bold'><a href='#roaring2'>Roaring Boys</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>night-rail,</span></span> a night-dress. Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 2 -(1 Lady); Massinger, City Madam, iii. 2 (end); iv. 4 (Luke). In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Night, 1 (29)). OE. <span class='it'>hrægl</span>, dress. See Nares (s.v. -Night-rail), and Dict. (s.v. Rail, 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>night-snap,</span></span> a thief (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Chances, ii. 1 (John).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nil</span>(<span class='bold'>l,</span></span> to be unwilling, often denoting simple futurity; ‘I nill live in -sorrowe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 151; ‘I nill relate’, Pericles, iii, -prel. 55; <span class='it'>will he nill he</span>, Hamlet, v. 1. 18; <span class='it'>to will and nill</span>, B. Jonson, Epigrams, -xlii. 16; <span class='it'>nild</span>, pt. t. would not, ‘Unto the founts Diana nild repair’, Greene, -Radagon’s Sonnet, 17 (ed. Dyce, p. 301). ‘Nill ye, will ye’, whether you -wish or not, is in use in Scotland; ‘Nildy wildy’, whether one would or -not, is heard is E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>nil</span>, pr. s.; <span class='it'>nolde</span>, pt. t. (Chaucer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nim,</span></span> to steal. Puritan Widow, i. 4. 167; Butler, Hud. i. 1. 598; -hence, <span class='it'>nimmer</span>, a thief, id., ii. 3. 1094; Tomkis, Albumazar, iii. 7 (end); -<span class='it'>nimming</span>, stealing, Massinger, Guardian, v. 2 (Durazzo). ‘Nim’ and -‘Nimmer’ are in prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>nimen</span>, to take, to seize (P. -Plowman), see Dict. M. and S.; OE. <span class='it'>niman</span>, to take; cp. G. <span class='it'>nehmen</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nine-holes,</span></span> a game in which the players endeavoured to roll small -balls into nine holes in the ground, all separately numbered. Drayton, -Pol. xiv. 22; Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal vi (Melanthus). See EDD. (s.v. -Nine, 1 (9)), and NED. (s.v. Nine-holes).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nine men’s morris,</span></span> a rural game, called also Merrils, described in -Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 542), Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 98. Called -‘Morris’ by popular etymology, as if with reference to the movement -(or dance) of the men (or pieces). But the right name was ‘Merelles’ -(i.e. counters or pieces used in the game). Cp. Cotgrave: ‘<span class='it'>Merelles, Le jeu -des merelles</span>, The boyish game called Merils or five-penny Morris, played -here most commonly with stones, but in France with pawns or men made -of purpose, and termed Merelles.’ See Ducange (s.v. Merallus), EDD. -(s.v. Nine, 1 (12)), and Nares (s.v.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ningle,</span></span> ‘ingle’; <span class='it'>mine ingle</span> became <span class='it'>my ningle</span>, my favourite. Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Roderigo); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 -(Fustigo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#ingle1'>ingle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nip,</span></span> a taunt, sarcasm, reproof. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 27 -(ed. Arber, p. 68). ‘Nip’ in prov. use means a pinch or squeeze; a bite -or sting, see EDD. (s.v. Nip, sb.<sup>1</sup> 15, 16).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nip a bung,</span></span> to steal a purse (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor); ‘A pickpocket, as good as ever <span class='it'>nipped</span> the judge’s <span class='it'>bung</span> while -he was condemning him’, The London Chanticleers, scene 1 (Heath); -Cleveland (Nares); <span class='it'>nip</span>, a cutpurse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). -Hence <span class='it'>nipper</span>, ‘A nypper is termed a pickpurse or a cutpurse’, Fletewood -(in Aydelotte, p. 95).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nip a jan,</span></span> to steal a purse (Cant). B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed -(Jackman). See <span class='it'>Jan</span> in NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nipitato,</span></span> strong liquor; ‘A drink In England found, and Nipitato -call’d, Which driveth all the sorrow from your hearts’, Beaumont and Fl., -Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 2 (Pompiona). Hence, <span class='it'>nippitate</span>, strong (said of -wine), Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Collen). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nis,</span></span> is not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19. ME. <span class='it'>nis</span> (Chaucer). OE. -<span class='it'>nis</span>, for <span class='it'>ne is</span>, is not.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>niste, nist,</span></span> knew not. Spelt <span class='it'>nyst</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 339. 4; bk. xvi, -c. 9. ME. <span class='it'>niste</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 502). OE. <span class='it'>nyste</span>, for <span class='it'>ne wyste</span>; <span class='it'>wiste</span>, pt. t. -of <span class='it'>witan</span>, to know.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='nithing'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nithing,</span></span> a vile coward; a term of severe reproach. <span class='it'>Nithing</span>, Blount’s -Gloss.; spelt <span class='it'>niding</span>, Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xviii (end); p. 79. -Icel. <span class='it'>nīðingr</span>, legally the strongest term of abuse for a traitor, coward, or -the like (Vigfusson).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>no,</span></span> used ironically; ‘No rich idolatry’ (i.e. great idolatry), Beaumont -and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Learchus); ‘No villainy’ (i.e. great -villainy), Mad Lover, iii. 6 (Chilax).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noble,</span></span> a coin worth 6<span class='it'>s.</span> 8<span class='it'>d.</span> Richard II, i. 1. 88.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noblesse,</span></span> noble birth or condition. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 297; the -nobility, persons of noble rank, ‘There is in every state . . . two portions -of subjects; the Noblesse and the Commonaltie’, Bacon, Essay 15, § 13; -Richard II, iv. 1. 119 (1st quarto only). ME. <span class='it'>noblesse</span>, nobleness, noble -rank (Chaucer). F. <span class='it'>noblesse</span>, ‘nobility, gentry; gentlemanliness’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nobley,</span></span> great display, splendour. Morte Arthur, leaf 158, back, 8; -bk. viii, c. 29; lf. 211, back, 32; bk. 10, c. 6. ME. <span class='it'>nobley</span>, nobility, dignity, -splendour, noble rank; assembly of nobles (Chaucer). OF. <span class='it'>noblei</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, -nobility of rank or estate; Anglo-F. <span class='it'>noblei</span>, nobleness (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nocent,</span></span> harmful. Milton, P. L. ix. 186; guilty, Greene, James IV, v. 6 -(Sir Cuthbert). L. <span class='it'>nocens</span>, hurtful, culpable.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nock,</span></span> a notch at the end of a bow, or in the head of an arrow; ‘The -nocke of the shafte’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 127). Also, the -cleft of the buttocks, Butler, Hud. i. 1. 285. Du. <span class='it'>nock</span>, ‘a notch in the head -of an arrowe’ (Hexham). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nock,</span></span> (perhaps) a notch. The phr. <span class='it'>much in my nock</span> seems to mean -‘much in my line’, ‘very suitable for me’, Triumphs of Love and Fortune -(last speech but one of Lentulo), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 242. So -also <span class='it'>beyond the nock</span>, above or beyond measure, ‘He commendeth hym by -yonde the nocke, <span class='it'>Il le prise oultre bort</span>, or <span class='it'>oultre mesure</span>’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noddy,</span></span> a simpleton. Two Gent. i. 1. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noddy,</span></span> a card-game. Heywood, Woman killed with Kindness -(Wendell); B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); Westward Ho, iv. 1 -(Birdlime); Northward Ho, ii. 1 (Liverpool). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nog,</span></span> a kind of strong beer, brewed in East Anglia, esp. in Norfolk; -‘Walpole laid a quart of nog on’t’, Swift, Upon the Horrid Plot, &c., 31; -‘Here’s a Norfolk nog’, Vanbrugh, A Journey to London, i. 1 (John -Moody). See EDD. (s.v. Nog(g)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noise,</span></span> a company of musicians, a band. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13; Beaumont -and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iii. 1. 4. Common. The phrase -<span class='it'>Sneak’s noise</span> (2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13) is copied by Heywood, Iron Age -(Thersites), vol. iii, p. 312.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nones:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>for the nones</span> = <span class='it'>for then ones</span>, for the once, for the occasion. -Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9; B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. i (Nano). See Dict. -(s.v. Nonce).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nook-shotten,</span></span> provided with capes and necks of land; ‘That nook-shotten -isle of Albion’, Hen. V, iii. 5. 14. See the quotations in NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noonstead,</span></span> the sun’s place at noon; the meridian. Spelt <span class='it'>noonestede</span>, -Sackville, Induction, st. 7; ‘Now it nigh’d the noonstead of the day’, -Drayton, Mooncalf (Nares). ‘Noonstead’ for the point of noon is known -in north Yorks. (EDD).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='nope'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nope,</span></span> a bull-finch. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 74; ‘A Nope (bird), <span class='it'>rubicilla</span>’, -Coles, 1679; ‘<span class='it'>Chochepierre</span>, a kind of nowpe or bullfinch that feeds on the -kernels of cherri-stones’, Cotgrave. In prov. use. in various parts of -England (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#awbe'>awbe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noppe,</span></span> nap of cloth. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 453. Du. <span class='it'>noppe</span>, nap -(Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Nap.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noppy,</span></span> ‘nappy’ (as ale), having a head, strong. Skelton, El. Rummyng, -102. ‘Nappy’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). -See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nosel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#nuzzle1'>nuzzle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nose-thrilles,</span></span> nostrils. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75. 3; § 84. 2. -OE. <span class='it'>nosþyrel</span>, nostril.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>n’ot,</span></span> know not. <span class='it'>I not</span>, I know not, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, -114. ME. <span class='it'>noot</span> (<span class='it'>not</span>), 1 and 3 pr. s., I know not, he knows not (Chaucer); -OE. <span class='it'>nāt</span> (for <span class='it'>ne wāt</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>notted,</span></span> without horns; ‘A lamb . . . it is notted’ (footnote, without -horns), Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 87. In prov. use we find -‘notted’ (‘knotted’, ‘natted’) meaning hornless, gen. of sheep; also -‘not’, hornless, of sheep or cattle, see EDD. (s.v. Not, adj.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nott-headed,</span></span> having head with hair cropped short. Chapman, -Widow’s Tears, i (Tharsalio); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 3 (Preamble). -ME. <span class='it'>not-heed</span>, a head with hair cropped short (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 109); see -Skeat’s Notes in Complete Edition. OE. <span class='it'>hnot</span>, bald-headed, close-cut -(Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noulde,</span></span> would not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., February, 192. ME. <span class='it'>nolde</span> -(Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>nolde</span> (for <span class='it'>ne wolde</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noule;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#nowl1'>nowl</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nourry,</span></span> a foster-child. Sir E. Wingfield, Letter to Wolsey (NED.); -<span class='it'>nourie</span>, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth, &c., st. 4; <span class='it'>noorie</span>, id., Epit., &c., 60; -id., Ovid’s Epistle, x (NED.) F. <span class='it'>nourri</span>, nourished, nurtured.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nousle up;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#nuzzle2'>nuzzle</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>novel,</span></span> news; ‘The novell’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv (Jupiter); -vol. iii, p. 55; Iron Age, Part II, A. ii (Soldier); p. 373. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>novum,</span></span> an old game at dice, played by five or six persons, the principal -throws being nine and five. L. L. L. v. 2. 547; ‘Change your game for -dice; We are full number for <span class='it'>Novum</span>’, Cook, Greene’s Tu Quoque; in -Ancient E. Drama, ii. 551, col. 1; spelt <span class='it'>novem</span>, A Woman never vexed, -ii. 1. 5. The ‘full number’ in this company was <span class='it'>six</span>; the two principal -throws were <span class='it'>nine</span> and <span class='it'>five</span>. The game was properly called <span class='it'>novem quinque</span> -(Douce); see Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='nowl1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nowl,</span></span> the crown of the head; the head. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 17; -<span class='it'>noule</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39. In prov. use (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>hnoll</span>, the top, -summit, crown of the head. See Dict. (s.v. Noule).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nowl,</span></span> a blockhead. Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 113.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nowle,</span></span> a mole-hill. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nown,</span></span> own. <span class='it'>Mine own</span> became <span class='it'>my nown</span>; hence <span class='it'>his nowne</span> = his own; -Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 49. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noy,</span></span> annoyance, vexation. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, pp. 522, 532); -<span class='it'>noy</span>, to annoy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; <span class='it'>noyance</span>, annoyance, id., i. 1. 23; -<span class='it'>noyous</span>, troublesome (NED.). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>noyfull,</span></span> harmful, disagreeable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 24, § 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nuddle,</span></span> to beat, to pummel. Rawlins, The Rebellion, iv. 1 (Trotter).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nuddock,</span></span> the nape of the neck. Phaer, Aeneid vii, 742. ‘Nuddick’ -is the Cornish word for the back of the neck, see EDD. (s.v. Niddick).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nullifidian,</span></span> a man of no faith, a sceptic in matters of religion. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='numbles'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>numbles,</span></span> certain inward parts of a deer; part of the back and loins -of a hart; ‘Noumbles of a dere or beest, <span class='it'>entrailles</span>’, Palsgrave; Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. iii, c. 7; <span class='it'>nomblis</span>, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 7 b. F. <span class='it'>nombles -d’un cerf</span>, ‘the numbles of a stag’ (Cotgr.); OF. <span class='it'>nomble</span> (Godefroy). See -Dict. And see <span class='bold'><a href='#umbles'>umbles</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>numerical,</span></span> particular, individual; ‘Not only of the specifical, but -numerical forms’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. i, § 33. Also (with <span class='it'>same</span> -or <span class='it'>very</span>) identical, ‘That very numerical lady’, Dryden, Marriage à la -Mode, ii. 1 (Palamede); also in form <span class='it'>numerick</span>, ‘The same numerick crew’, -Butler, Hud. i. 3. 461.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nup,</span></span> a simpleton; ‘The vilest nup’, Brewer, Lingua, ii. 1 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nupson,</span></span> a simpleton. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brainworm); -id., Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='nursle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nursle,</span></span> to nurse; ‘To have a Bastard . . . nursled i’ th’ Countrey’, -Brome; Eng. Moor, iii. 3 (NED.); <span class='it'>noursle up</span>, to train up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. -4. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#nuzzle2'>nuzzle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nurt, nort,</span></span> to push with the horns. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 28; -<span class='it'>nort</span>, to push toward, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. viii, ch. 21. <span class='it'>Nurt</span>, possibly -related to OF. <span class='it'>hurter</span> (F. <span class='it'>heurter</span>), to push.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='nuzzle1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nuzzle,</span></span> to poke or push with the nose; ‘I nosyll as a swyne dothe, <span class='it'>je -fouille du museau</span>’, Palsgrave spelt <span class='it'>nousle</span>, Venus and Ad. 1115; to nestle -close to a person, Heywood, Pleas. Dial. (Wks., ed. 1874, vi. 201); Marston, -What you will, iii. 2 (Albano). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>neuselen</span>, to poke with the nose (Kilian).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='nuzzle2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nuzzle,</span></span> to train, educate, nurture (freq. with <span class='it'>up</span>). Marston, Antonio’s -Revenge, Prol. 16; Drayton, Pol. xi. 180; <span class='it'>nosel</span>, Nice Wanton, Prol. 9, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 163; <span class='it'>nousle up</span>, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 23; <span class='it'>noursle up</span>, F. Q. -vi. 4. 35; <span class='it'>nuzled in</span>, pp. trained in, Holinshed, Chron. iii. 1225 (NED.); -<span class='it'>nusled in</span>, New Customs, iii. 1; Light of Gospel (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 44). -See NED. See <span class='bold'><a href='#nursle'>nursle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nycibecetour,</span></span> a dainty dame, a fashionable girl; ‘Nycibecetours, or -denty dames’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 120; <span class='it'>nicibecetur</span>, Roister -Doister, i. 4. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nye,</span></span> to draw nigh, approach. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 316; ‘We -shall nyghe the towne’, Palsgrave, 644.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nyefe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#neif'>neif</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>nysot,</span></span> a wanton girl. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1244. Not found -elsewhere.</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='O'>O</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>O,</span></span> a round spot; a circle; ‘This wooden O’ (i.e. circular space), -Hen. V, Prol. 13; Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 81. See <span class='bold'><a href='#oes'>oes</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oade,</span></span> woad. B. Jonson, Poetaster, ii. 1 (Albius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oatmeals,</span></span> a set of riotous and profligate young men (Cant); ‘Roaring -boys and oatmeals’, Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Ob and Soller,</span></span> a dabbler in scholastic logic; one who deals with <span class='it'>obs</span> -(objections) and <span class='it'>sols</span> (solutions) in disputations; ‘To pass for deep and -learned Scholars, although but paltry Ob and Sollers’, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. -1242.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obarni,</span></span> in full <span class='it'>Mead obarni</span>, i.e. ‘scalded mead’, a drink used in Russia; -‘Hum, Meath and Obarni’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.). Russ. -<span class='it'>obvarnyi</span>, scalded.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oblatrant,</span></span> railing, reviling. One of the words ridiculed by B. Jonson, -Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus). L. <span class='it'>oblatrare</span>, to bark at.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='obley'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obley,</span></span> a little cake of bread, prepared for consecration in the celebration -of the Eucharist, the sacramental wafer; ‘The kyng shall offre an -obbley of brede . . . with the whiche obleye after consecrate the king shall -be howseld’, Devyse, Coron. Hen. VIII (NED.); spelt <span class='it'>ubblye</span>, Morte -Arthur, leaf 360. 6; bk. xvii, ch. 20. ME. <span class='it'>obly</span> or <span class='it'>ubly</span>. ‘nebula’ (Prompt. -EETS. 312, see note, no. 1528); <span class='it'>obeley</span> ‘oblata’ (Voc. 598. 24). OF. <span class='it'>oublee</span>, -‘hostie’ (Didot), Med. L. <span class='it'>oblata</span>, ‘panis ad sacrificium oblatus, hostia nondum -consecrata’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obliquid,</span></span> directed obliquely. Only in Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 54.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obnoxious,</span></span> exposed to; ‘The having them obnoxious to ruin’, Bacon, -Essay 36, § 3; submissive, ‘In consort, men are more obnoxious to others’ -humours’, id., Essay 20, § 6; ‘They that are envious towards all are -obnoxious and officious towards one’, id., Essay 44, § last; Dryden, ii. 1 -(Emperor). L. <span class='it'>obnoxius</span>, lit. exposed to harm, also, exposed to the power -of another, hence, submissive.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obsequies,</span></span> funeral rites, a funeral. 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 147. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>obsequies</span> (Rough List), Med. L. <span class='it'>obsequiae</span>, ‘exequiae funebres’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obsequious,</span></span> dutiful in performing funeral obsequies, or in manifesting -regard for the dead; ‘To shed obsequious teares upon this Trunke’, -Titus And. v. 3. 152; ‘To do obsequious Sorrow’, Hamlet, i. 2. 92; <span class='it'>obsequiously</span>, -in the manner of a mourner, ‘I obsequiously lament’, Richard III, -i. 2. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>obtrect,</span></span> to disparage. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Usher). L. -<span class='it'>obtrectare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>occupy,</span></span> to make use of; ‘Sondrie wares, . . . that men did commonly -occupy’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 67; to trade, Luke xix. 13; ‘They -dyd dwell amonges them . . . occupying with them verye familiarly’, -More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 31). See Bible Word-Book. But often used in -an indecent sense, till the word became odious, as Shak. notes, 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 161.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>occurrent,</span></span> occurrence, event. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 68 and -181); <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Kings v. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>odible,</span></span> hateful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 12, § last; Fabyan, -Chron., bk. i, c. 8. L. <span class='it'>odibilis</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>œillade,</span></span> an amorous glance. Merry Wives, i. 3. 68. F. <span class='it'>œillade</span> (Cotgr.), -deriv. of <span class='it'>œil</span>, an eye.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>o’er-hill’d,</span></span> covered over. B. Jonson, Masque of Beauty (January). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#hill'>hill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='oes'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oes,</span></span> bright round spots. Bacon, Essay 36; stars, Mids. Night’s D. iii. -2. 188; <span class='it'>O’s</span>, small metallic spangles, as in ‘embroidered with <span class='it'>O’s</span>’, B. Jonson, -Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oil:</span></span> <span class='it'>oil of angels</span>, oil of gold coins (i.e. coin employed in bribes). -Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer). <span class='it'>Oil of ben</span> (or <span class='it'>been</span>), oil from -the <span class='it'>ben-nut</span>, or winged seed of the horse-radish tree (<span class='it'>Moringa pterygosperma</span>). -Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (Ricardo). Arab, <span class='it'>bân</span>, the horseradish -tree, or ben-nut. See Stanford (s.v. Ben). <span class='it'>Oil of devil</span>, a -‘momentous preparation’ of unknown ingredients. Beaumont and Fl., -Humorous Lieutenant, iii. 3 (Leontius). <span class='it'>Oil of height</span>, the red elixir, -a red oil, fabled to transmute other metals into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. -ii. 1 (Surly). <span class='it'>Oil of luna</span>, the white elixir, for transmuting other metals -into silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). <span class='it'>Oil of mace</span>, oil from the -spice called <span class='it'>mace</span>; but with a punning reference to the mace borne by -a serjeant who arrested a prisoner. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 -(Sir B.). <span class='it'>Oil of talc</span>, a cosmetic, said to have been obtained from talc. -B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 -(Shave ’em).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>old,</span></span> great, plentiful, abundant; ‘Old utis’, high merriment, 2 Hen. IV, -iv. 2. 22; ‘Ould filching’, abundant stealing, Arden of Fev. ii. 2. 53. ‘Old’ -is used as an intensitive in many parts of England and Scotland, e.g. in -Cheshire ‘old doings’ signify great sport, great merriment, an uncommon -display of hospitality, see EDD. (s.v. Old, 11). ME. ‘gode olde fyghtyng’, -Bone Florence, 681 (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>old,</span></span> a country pronunc. of ‘wold’, plain open country. King Lear, iii. -4. 125; also <span class='it'>ould</span>, Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 38.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oilet-hole,</span></span> an ‘eyelet-hole’, a small round hole worked in cloth. -Shirley, Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); Gent. of Venice, iii. 1. 7. F. <span class='it'>œillet</span>, -a little eye, an eilet-hole (Cotgr.). From F. <span class='it'>œil</span>, an eye. See NED. (s.v. -Oillet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>olfact,</span></span> to smell; a pedantic form. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742. L. <span class='it'>olfactus</span>, -pp. of <span class='it'>olfacere</span>, to smell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oliphant,</span></span> elephant. Heywood, Brazen Age (Meleager), vol. iii, -p. 187. ME. <span class='it'>oliphant</span> (Kingis Quair, 156); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>olifant</span> (Ch. Rol. 3119), -<span class='it'>oliphant</span> (Bozon, 19).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>olla podrida,</span></span> a medley. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Roscius -solus). Span. <span class='it'>olla podrida</span> (lit. rotten pot), a dish composed of many kinds -of meats and vegetables stewed or boiled together; for detailed account of -ingredients, see Stevens.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on cai me on;</span></span> ‘Bid <span class='it'>on cai me on</span>, farewell’, Marlowe, Faustus, 40 -(ed. Tucker Brooke). Gk. ὂν καὶ μὴ ὄν, existence and non-existence -(Aristotle). The meaning is, Bid farewell to Aristotle and philosophy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on-end:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>still on-end</span>, continually. Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, -st. 17. See <span class='bold'><a href='#an-end'>an-end</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on gog,</span></span> ‘a-gog’, in eagerness, full of eagerness. Gascoigne, Grief of -Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 288; <span class='it'>to set on gog</span>, to excite, make eager, Twyne, tr. of -Aeneid, x (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on hight,</span></span> aloud, in a high voice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 45. ME. <span class='it'>on highte</span>: -‘And spak thise same wordes al on highte’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1784).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>one,</span></span> alone, <span class='it'>solus</span>; ‘I one of all other’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 170); -<span class='it'>his one</span>, his own, ‘Then was she judged Triamond his one’, Spenser, F. Q. -iv. 5. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oneyers;</span></span> ‘Burgomasters and great oneyers’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 84. -Meaning doubtful; perhaps persons who converse with great ones -(Schmidt).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>only,</span></span> alone; ‘Th’ only breath him daunts’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 13; -especial, ‘Mine onely foe, mine onely deadly dread’, id., i. 7. 50; ‘His -onely hart-sore and his onely foe’, id., ii. 1. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>onsay,</span></span> a saying of ‘On!’, the word to advance, the signal to start. -New Custom, ii. 2, l. 10 from end; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ontwight;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#untwight'>untwight</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>operance,</span></span> operation, action. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 3. 73.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>operant,</span></span> operative, active. Hamlet, iii. 2. 184; Webster, Appius, v. 3 -(Virginius); Heywood, The Royal King, i. 1 (King); vol. vi, p. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ophic,</span></span> (?) relating to serpents; ‘Resolve To ophic powder’, Lady -Alimony, ii. 3 (Morisco). The sense is doubtful.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oppignorate,</span></span> to pawn, to pledge. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 91). -L. <span class='it'>oppignerare</span>, to pledge; from <span class='it'>pignus</span>, a pledge.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>optic,</span></span> a magnifying glass, lens. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, i. 1 -(Theodoret); <span class='it'>optic glass</span>, a telescope, Milton, P. L. i. 288.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>optimate,</span></span> a noble or aristocrat. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, i. 381; -xi. 706. L. <span class='it'>optimates</span>, prop. members of the ‘Nobilitas’ in Rome, fr. <span class='it'>optimus</span>, -best.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>opunctly,</span></span> according to appointment; at the time appointed. In Cook, -Green’s Tu Quoque; Ancient E. Drama, ii. 565, col. 2. For <span class='it'>appunctly</span>. Cp. -Med. L. <span class='it'>appunct<span class='it'>(</span>u<span class='it'>)</span>are</span>, ‘pacisci, convenire’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='orangeado-pie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orangeado-pie,</span></span> a pie with candied orange-peel. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. I, iv. 2 (Crambo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#oringado'>oringado</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orbity,</span></span> bereavement, childlessness. Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Pamphilus); -vol. vi, p. 127. L. <span class='it'>orbitas</span>, orphanage, childlessness.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ordinary,</span></span> a public dinner, where each one pays his share. ‘Crown -ordinary’, a five-shilling dinner, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. -2 (Norbret); ‘He kept a daily Ordinary (thanks being the only shot his -guests were to pay)’, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 6. 328. F. <span class='it'>ordinaire</span>, ‘ce qu’on a -accoutumé de servir pour le repas. <span class='it'>Il tient un bon ordinaire</span>’ (Dict. Acad. -1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ordinately,</span></span> regularly, in an orderly way, righteously; ‘To walke -ordinatly, and in a plain way’, Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, -27). Cp. L. <span class='it'>ordinate</span>, in an orderly manner (Vulgate, 1 Mac. vi. 40).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ore,</span></span> the name of a fine kind of wool, esp. from Leominster; ‘To whom -did never sound the name of Lemster ore?’, Drayton, Polyolbion, song -vii, 1. 152; xiv. 237; ‘But then the ore of Lempster’, B. Jonson, The -Honour of Wales, 2 Song; ‘The finest Lemster ore’, Herrick, Oberon’s -Palace; Fuller, Worthies, 33. See EDD., NED., and Notes and Queries, -6th S. i. 260.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ore,</span></span> seaweed. Drayton, Pol. iv. 74. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.vv. -Ore and Ware). OE. <span class='it'>wār</span>, ‘alga’ (Napier, OE. Glosses, 23. 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orgule,</span></span> pride. State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 88 (NED.). OF. <span class='it'>orguel</span> -(F. <span class='it'>orgueil</span>), pride.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>orguillous,</span> proud, haughty; ‘Proud and orgulllous’, Caxton, Reynard -(ed. Arber, 36); <span class='it'>orgillous</span>, Tr. and Cr., Prol. 2. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>orguillous</span> (Gower, -Mirour, 1612). F. <span class='it'>orgueilleux</span>, proud.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oricalche,</span></span> a very precious metal. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 78. L. <span class='it'>orichalcum</span>, -yellow copper ore, brass, highly prized by the ancients; Gk. ὀρείχαλκος, -mountain-copper (hence F. <span class='it'>archal</span>, in <span class='it'>fil d’archal</span>, brass-wire).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orient,</span></span> applied to pearls and precious stones of superior quality and -brilliancy, as coming from the East. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Mosca). -Hence lustrous, brilliant, bright; ‘Now Morn . . . sowed the earth with -orient pearl’, Milton, P. L. v. 2; ‘Ten thousand banners rise into the air -with orient colours waving’, id., i. 516. Cp. F. <span class='it'>perles d’Orient</span> (Dict. Acad. -1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='oringado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oringado,</span></span> candied orange-peel. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, i. 1 -(Steward). Cp. Span. <span class='it'>naranjada</span>, ‘a conserve made with oranges’; <span class='it'>naranja</span>, -orange (Stevens). See <span class='bold'><a href='#orangeado-pie'>orangeado-pie</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ork, orc,</span></span> a sea-monster. Drayton, Pol. ii. 95; vii. 51. L. <span class='it'>orca</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orkyn,</span></span> a small coin, a quarter of a stiver; ‘Bye an yearthen potte . . . -for an orkyn’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 28. Du. <span class='it'>oortken</span>, ‘an <span class='it'>orkey</span>, -or the fourth part of a stiver, or two doits’ (Hexham); dimin. of <span class='it'>oort</span>, a -small coin; see Franck.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orped,</span></span> stout, active, bold. Spelt <span class='it'>orpid</span>, Golding, Metam. vii. 440; fol. -85 (1603); (of a boar) fierce, furious, id., viii. 395; fol. 99. ME. <span class='it'>orped</span>, -stout, brave (Gower, C. A. i. 2590); see Dict. M. and S. OE. <span class='it'>orped</span>, gloss -of <span class='it'>adultus</span>, syn. <span class='it'>snell</span> (Napier, OE. Glosses, 3361).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orpharion,</span></span> a large kind of lute with from six to nine pairs of strings, -played with a plectrum; ‘The orpharion to the lute’, Drayton, Pastorals, -iii. 111. Composed of the names of Orpheus and Arion, mythical musicians -of Greek poetry.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orphelin,</span></span> an orphan. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 171. 11. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>orphelin</span>, destitute, <span class='it'>orphanin</span>, an orphan (Gower); Late L. type *<span class='it'>orphaninus</span>, -deriv. of <span class='it'>orphanus</span>, Gk. ὀρφανός, bereft of parents or children.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>orpin,</span></span> orpiment, yellow arsenic. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 713. -F. <span class='it'>orpin</span>, ‘orpine, orpiment or arsenick’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ortyard,</span></span> orchard. Golding, Metam. xiv. 624; fol. 175, back (1603). -OE. <span class='it'>ortgeard</span>. The first element <span class='it'>ort</span> = L. <span class='it'>hortus</span> (in Med. L. <span class='it'>ortus</span>), a garden; -cp. Norm. F. <span class='it'>ort</span>, ‘jardin, verger’ (Moisy 558), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>ort</span> (Gower, Mirour, -12868).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ospringer,</span></span> an osprey. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 557; ‘Ospringe, -a byrde’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ossifrage,</span></span> the Lammergeyer or Geir Eagle, identified with the -‘ossifraga’ of Pliny; ‘<span class='it'>Ossifrage</span>, a kind of Eagle, having so strong a Beak -that therewith she breaks bones and is therefore called a bone-breaker’, -Blount; in <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Lev. xi. 13, ossifrage (RV. gier eagle). Identified -with the ‘osprey’ or fish-hawk. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 505.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ostend,</span></span> to show. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Q. Mary), ed. Dyce, p. 194; -Heywood, Silver Age (Jupiter), vol. iii, p. 163. L. <span class='it'>ostendere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ostent,</span></span> a prodigy, manifestation. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 748; -show, Hen. V, v, chorus, 21; ostentation, Heywood, Iron Age, Part I -(Ulysses); vol. iii, p. 329. Also, to display, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. ii, c. 14, § 6. L. <span class='it'>ostentum</span>, a prodigy (Vulg., Exod. vii. 3); <span class='it'>ostentare</span>, to -display (Vulg., Heb. vi. 11).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>osteria,</span></span> a hostelry, inn. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca); Beaumont -and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2. 1. Ital. <span class='it'>osteria</span> (Florio), Med. L. <span class='it'>hostellaria</span>, -‘diversorium’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ostry,</span></span> a hostelry. Marlowe, Faustus, ii. 3 (Robin). Hence <span class='it'>ostry-faggot</span>, -a faggot in a hostelry, Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1242); p. 133, col. 1. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#hostry'>hostry</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>otacousticon,</span></span> an ear-trumpet, an instrument used to assist hearing. -Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3 (Ronca). Gk. ὠτ- (ὠτός, gen. of οὖς an ear) + -ἀκουστικός, acoustic.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>other,</span></span> left; <span class='it'>other leg</span>, left leg, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 23; <span class='it'>other eye</span>, left eye, -id., iii. 9. 5; <span class='it'>other hand</span>, left hand, id., v. 12. 36.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>other-gates,</span></span> of another kind. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 -(Truepenny); ‘Works . . . requiring other-gates workmen’, Gauden, -Tears of the Church, Pref. (Davies); in another way, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 199. -Still survives in the north country and in Warwicksh. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ouch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ouch,</span></span> the socket of a precious stone, an ornament, jewel. Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Moroso); ‘Thou shalt make them (the stones) to be -set in ouches of gold’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Exod. xxviii. 11; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 52. ME. -<span class='it'>nowch</span>, ‘monile, scutuler’ (Prompt. EETS. 309). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>nouche</span>, a brooch -(Gower, Balades, xxxiii. 2); <span class='it'>nusche</span> (Rough List). See <span class='bold'><a href='#owch'>owch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ought'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ought,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> owned, possessed. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1 -(Leonora). Also, owed; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 608; Spenser, F. Q. -i. 4. 39; ii. 8. 40. ME. <span class='it'>oght</span> (Dest. Troy, 12404), <span class='it'>ouhte</span>, owned, possessed -(P. Plowman, C. iv. 72). OE. <span class='it'>āhte</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>āgan</span>, to possess, own. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#owe'>owe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oultrage,</span></span> ‘outrage’, violence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 182, back, 31. -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>oultrage</span>, <span class='it'>oltrage</span>, <span class='it'>outrage</span>, extravagant conduct (Gower). Med. L. -<span class='it'>ultragium</span>, ‘immoderatio’, ‘injuria’ (Ducange), deriv. of L. <span class='it'>ultra</span>, beyond.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>oultrance:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>put to oultrance</span>, put to the extremity, put to death; -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 67, back, 10. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>oultrance</span>: ‘la guerre jusques -al oultrance’ (Gower, Mirour, 8040); see NED. (s.v. Outrance). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#utterance'>utterance</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ouphe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ouphe,</span></span> a fairy, an ‘elf’, ‘oaf’, goblin, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 49. Icel. -<span class='it'>ālfr</span>, an elf. See <span class='bold'><a href='#aulf'>aulf</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out,</span></span> proverbial saying, <span class='it'>out of God’s blessing into the warm sun</span>, from better -to worse, Heywood’s Proverbs, bk. ii, ch. 5 (ed. Farmer, pp. 67 and -148); Harrison, Desc. Britain, in Holinshed (ed. 1577, i. fol. 11a). Cp. -Lyly’s Euphues (ed. Arber, 320), ‘Thou forsakest God’s blessing to sit -in a warme Sunne’; and, ‘If thou wilt follow my advice . . . thou shalt -come out of a warme Sunne into God’s blessing’ (id. 196), where the -proverb is reversed; ‘Thou must approve the common saw, Thou out of -heaven’s benediction comest To the warm sun!’ King Lear, ii. 2. 157, 158 -(see W. A. Wright’s note in C. P. Series). The original meaning of this -proverbial expression is not clear.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out,</span></span> to put out, extinguish, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 735; ‘Witness -that Taper whose prophetick snuff Was outed and revived with one puff’, -Quarles, Argalus and Parthenia (ed. 1678, 77).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outbrast,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> burst out. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. Pt. t. of ME. -<span class='it'>outbresten</span>; ‘The blode outbrast’ (Dest. Troy, 8045); see NED. (s.v. Outburst).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out-brayed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> brayed out, uttered aloud. Sackville, Induction, -st. 18. Doubtless confused with <span class='bold'><a href='#abraid1'>abraid</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out-breast,</span></span> to outvoice, surpass in singing. Two Noble Kinsmen, -v. 3. 145.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outcept,</span></span> except. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan); ii. 1 (Hilts).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>out-cry,</span></span> an auction; because such a sale was proclaimed by the -common crier. B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia); New Inn, i. 1 (Host); -Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (Bellides). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outrecuidance,</span></span> arrogance. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Dique); -Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 2) (Golding). F. <span class='it'>oultrecuidance</span>, an overweening -presumption, pride, arrogancy (Cotgr.); F. <span class='it'>outrecuidance</span>; O. Prov. <span class='it'>oltracuidar</span>, -<span class='it'>oltra</span>, L. <span class='it'>ultra</span>, beyond + <span class='it'>cuidar</span>, to think, L. <span class='it'>cogitare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outrider,</span></span> a highwayman. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 43.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>outsquat,</span></span> to throw out (as from a sling), to scatter; ‘The greatest -sort with slings their plummet-lompes of lead outsquats’, Phaer, tr. of -Aeneid, vii. 687.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overcraw,</span></span> to triumph over, lit. to crow over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 50. -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overdight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> covered over. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 53; iv. 8. 34. <span class='it'>Dight</span>, -pp., appears in later poetic language to be often taken as an archaic form -of <span class='it'>decked</span>, see NED. (s.v. Dight, vb. 10).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overflown,</span></span> flushed with wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 2 (Ph.). Cp. -Milton, P. L., i. 502, ‘Then wander forth the sons of Belial, flown with -insolence and wine.’</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overgrast,</span></span> overgrown with grass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overhaile,</span></span> to draw over. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 75. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hale2'>hale and ho</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overlashing,</span></span> extravagant. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 105); extravagance, -Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 39.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overlive,</span></span> to survive. Bacon, Essay 27, § 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overlook,</span></span> to look down upon, despise. Hen. V, iii. 5. 9; B. Jonson, -Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overlop,</span></span> the planking of a deck; the ‘orlop’; ‘His bed was not laid -upon the overlop’, North, tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Shak. Plutarch, -p. 295, § 3). Du. <span class='it'>overloop</span>, ‘the covert or deck of anything; the hatches -of a ship’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overseen,</span></span> betrayed into error, deluded. Chapman, Argument 2 to -Iliad, bk. xiv; intoxicated, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16; ed. Arber, -p. 37. ‘Overseen’ is still in prov. use in both senses: (1) cheated, deluded; -(2) overcome with drink, intoxicated; see EDD. (s.v. Overseen, -3 and 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>over-shot,</span></span> i.e. an <span class='it'>over-shot mill</span>, a mill worked by water pouring over -the top of the wheel. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 2 (Chilax).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overthwart,</span></span> across, transversely. Morte Arthur, leaf 262, back, 15; -bk. x, c. 64; cross, malicious, id., lf. 180. 25; bk. ix, c. 15; an adverse -circumstance, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 12; in Tottel’s Misc. p. 27. -‘Overthwart’ (meaning across) is in prov. use in many parts of England -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>overthwarte</span>: ‘<span class='it'>ovyr wharte</span>, transversus’ (Prompt. EETS. 321).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overture,</span></span> an open space. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 28. The gloss -has: ‘<span class='it'>Overture</span>, an open place; the word is borrowed of the French, and -used in good writers.’ Anglo-F. <span class='it'>overture</span>, an opening (Gower).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overture,</span></span> used to mean <span class='it'>overthrow</span>. Middleton, Family of Love, i. 1 -(Glister). See NED. for other examples.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>overwent,</span></span> oppressed, subdued. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 2. The -gloss has: ‘overwent, overgone.’</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='owch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>owch,</span></span> a clasp, esp. a jewelled clasp, jewel. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 31. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#ouch'>ouch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>owdell,</span></span> a kind of poem. Drayton, Pol. iv. 184. Welsh <span class='it'>awdl</span>, a rime -or assonance.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='owe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>owe,</span></span> to possess. Tempest, i. 2. 407; Meas. for M. i. 4. 83; ii. 4. 123. -ME. <span class='it'>owen</span>, to possess (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 361); OE. <span class='it'>āgan</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ought'>ought</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ower,</span></span> a form of <span class='it'>oar</span>; ‘And there row’d off with owers of my hands’, -Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 628; cp. ‘my hands for oars’, id., x. 482.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Owlglass'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Owlglass,</span></span> a jester, buffoon. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca to -Histrio). The word is an English equivalent of German <span class='it'>Eulenspiegel</span>; see -below. ‘A merye jeste of a Man that was called Howleglas’, Title of an -old German jest-book translated into English in 1560.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='owl-spiegle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>owl-spiegle,</span></span> an English part-rendering of German <span class='it'>Eulenspiegel</span> (<span class='it'>Eule</span>, -owl + <span class='it'>spiegel</span>, glass mirror), the name of a German jester of mediaeval times, -the hero of a jest-book. Used as a term of abuse: ‘Out, thou houlet! . . . -owl-spiegle!’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘Ulen Spiegel!’, -Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Hence F. <span class='it'>espiègle</span> (Hatzfeld). See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ox:</span></span> Proverbial saying—<span class='it'>The black ox has trod on his foot</span>, i.e. he has fallen -into decay or adversity; it often implies old age: ‘She was a pretty -wench . . now . . the black oxe hath trod on her foote’, Lyly, Sapho and -Phao, iv. 2 (Venus); ‘When . . the blacke Oxe (shall) treade on their -foote—who wil like of them in their age who loved none in their youth’, -id., Euphues (ed. Arber, 55); ‘The black ox had not trod on his nor her -foot’, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 17); ‘The black ox never trod -on his foot, i.e. he never knew what sorrow or adversity meant’, Ray, -Prov. Phrases (ed. Bohn, 173). Cp. Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, v. 6 -(Gnomaticus). The saying is still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)).</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='P'>P</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paciens,</span></span> ‘patience’, a name given in the north and north-west of -England to the bistort; ‘The herbe [Tobacco] is . . . garnished with great -long leaves like the paciens’, Harrison, Descr. of England, Chronology, -1573 (ed. Furnivall, p. lv). See NED. (s.v. Passions).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pack,</span></span> to practise deceitful collusion, to plot. Titus And. iv. 2. 155; -<span class='it'>packed</span>, confederate, Com. Errors, v. 1. 219; contrived, Fletcher, Span. -Curate, iv. 5 (Bartolus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>packing,</span></span> confederacy, conspiracy, collusion. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 121; -Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, iii. 1 (Giovanni).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pad,</span></span> a toad, proverbial saying, <span class='it'>a pad in the straw</span>, a lurking danger; ‘In -straw thear lurcketh soom pad’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 656; Gosson, -School of Abuse, 63; Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 (Chat). In Yorks. -‘pad’ is used for a frog (EDD.); Icel. <span class='it'>padda</span>, a toad; Flem. <span class='it'>padde</span>, ‘crapauld’ -(Plantin).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>paddock,</span> a toad. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190; a frog, ‘Padockes, <span class='it'>grenouilles</span>’, -Palsgrave, 502. In gen. prov. use for a frog or toad (EDD.).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pad,</span></span> a path, track. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. Can.); <span class='it'>horse -pad</span>, a horse-path, Bunyan, Grace Abounding (NED.); <span class='it'>high pad</span>, the highway, -Harman, Caveat, 84; also, a highwayman, ‘The High-Pad or -Knight of the Road’, R. Head, Canting Acad. 88. <span class='it'>Pad</span>, a road-horse, a -pad-nag, Shirley, Witty Fair One, i. 1. 5. Hence <span class='it'>padder</span>, a foot-pad, -Massinger, New Way to pay, &c., ii. 1 (Marrall); <span class='it'>padding</span>, robbing on the -highway, ‘Ride out a-padding’, Dryden, Princess of Cleves, Prol. 29. -‘Pad’ is in gen. prov. use for a path in various parts of the British Isles -(EDD.). Low G. <span class='it'>pad</span>, path; <span class='it'>padden</span>, to go on foot (Koolman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pad3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pad,</span></span> a wicker pannier; ‘A haske is a wicker pad’, Glosse by E. K. to -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16. In prov. use in the eastern counties, see -EDD. (s.v. Pad, sb.<sup>5</sup>), and NED. (Pad, sb.<sup>4</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pagador,</span></span> pay-master. Spenser, State of Ireland (Wks., Globe ed., 657). -Span. <span class='it'>pagador</span>, a paymaster (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pagan,</span></span> a cant term of reproach. A paramour, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 168; -a bastard, Fletcher, Captain, iv. 2 (Host).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paggle,</span></span> to hang loosely down, like a bag. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 -(1421); scene 10. 63 (W.); p. 171, l. 1 (D.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paigle,</span></span> a cowslip. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 7); -spelt <span class='it'>paggles</span>, pl., Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 25. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>painful,</span></span> painstaking, laborious. L. L. L. ii. 23; Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 147; -‘Such servants are oftenest painfull and good’, Tusser, Husbandry, 170. -Still in use in the north country (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='painted1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>painted,</span></span> adorned with bright colouring; ‘A peinted sheathe’, a handsome -exterior, Udall, tr. of Apoth., Diogenes, § 190; pride, vainglory, id., -Socrates, § 56; ‘Peinted termes’, grandiloquence, id., Antigonus, § 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>painted cloth,</span></span> cloth or canvas painted in oils and used for hangings -in rooms. L. L. L. v. 2. 579; As You Like It, iii. 2. 290; 1 Hen. IV, iv. -2. 28. It often showed moral pictures. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pair of cards,</span></span> a pack of cards; ‘A payre of cardes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, -p. 49; Fletcher, Sea-voyage, i. 1 (Tibalt). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pair of organs,</span></span> an organ. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 1 (Sir B.); -‘<span class='it'>Unes orgues</span>, a payre of organs, an instrument of musyke’, Palsgrave, 183. -See NED. (s.v. Organ, 2 c).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pair-royal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pair-royal,</span></span> in cribbage and other card games, three cards of the same -denomination; a throw of three dice all turning up the same number of -points, as three twos, &c. Hence, a set of three persons or things, Ford, -Broken Heart, v. 3; ‘That great pair-royal of adamantine sisters’, -Quarles, Emblems, v; Howell, Lex. Tetraglotton, Dedication; Butler, -Ballad upon the Parliament (last line; <span class='it'>pair-royal</span>, riming with <span class='it'>trial</span>); -‘That paroyall of armies’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 2. 22. See Nares and NED. -‘Prial’ is in prov. use in various parts of England in the sense of (1) a -‘pair-royal’ in cards, (2) three of a sort, (3) a gathering of persons of -a similar disposition (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#parreal'>parreal</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paise;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#peise'>peise</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pall,</span></span> to become faint, to fail in strength. Hamlet, v. 2. 9; Phaer, -Aeneid ix (NED.); to enfeeble, weaken; to daunt, appal, King James I, -Kingis Quair, st. 18; Fletcher, Bloody Brother, ii. 1 (Latorch); Peele, -Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 532).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palliard,</span></span> a lewd person, a thorough rascal. Dryden, Hind and -Panther, ii. 563; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). <span class='it'>Palliards</span>, one of -the twenty-four orders of Vagabonds; beggars who excited compassion by -means of artificial sores, made by binding some corrosive to the flesh; see -Harman, Caveat, p. 44, and Aydelotte, p. 27. F. <span class='it'>paillard</span>, ‘a knave, rascall’, -&c. (Cotgr.); lit. one who lies on straw; F. <span class='it'>paille</span>, L. <span class='it'>palea</span>, straw.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palm,</span></span> the flat expanded part of a deer’s horn, whence the points project. -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 124.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palmplay,</span></span> a game resembling tennis, but played with the hand instead -of a bat. Surrey, Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13. -Cp. F. <span class='it'>jeu de paume</span> (Dict. de l’Acad., s.v. Paume).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palped,</span></span> that can be felt, palpable. Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Icilius); -Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 206. L. <span class='it'>palpare</span>, to feel.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palt,</span></span> to trudge; ‘Palting to school’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 165.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>palter,</span></span> to shift, shuffle, equivocate. Macbeth, v. 8. 20; Ant. and Cl. -iii. 11. 63.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paltock,</span></span> a short coat, sleeved doublet. Morte Arthur, leaf 89, 27; -bk. v, c. 10; OF. <span class='it'>paletocque</span>; ‘Paltocke, a garment, <span class='it'>halcret</span>’ (Palsgrave). -ME. <span class='it'>paltok</span> (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 25); <span class='it'>paltoke</span> (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. -1569). F. <span class='it'>palletoc</span>, ‘a long and thick pelt or cassock, a garment like a short -cloak with sleeves’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Paletot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Paltock’s inn,</span></span> a mean or inhospitable place; Paltock is probably -here a proper name, but the allusion is unknown. Gosson, School of Abuse, -p. 52; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 65 (a rendering of the Lat. ‘pollutum -hospitium’, l. 61).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pampestry,</span></span> a corrupt form of <span class='it'>palmistry</span>. Mirror for Mag., Bladud, -st. 25. ME. <span class='it'>pawmestry</span> (Lydgate, Assembly of Gods, 870).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pamphysic,</span></span> concerning all nature. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). -Gk. παμ- + φυσικός.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>panada, panado,</span></span> bread boiled to a pulp, and flavoured with currants, -sugar, &c. <span class='it'>Panada</span>, Massinger, A New Way, i. 2 (Furnace); <span class='it'>panado</span>, -Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Gasparo). In Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver), -the word is spelt <span class='it'>poynado</span>. Span. <span class='it'>panada</span>. See Stanford (s.v. Panade).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>panarchic,</span></span> all-ruling. A nonce-word. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle). Gk. πάναρχος, all-ruling + <span class='it'>-ic</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>panax,</span></span> all-heal; a healing plant, whence opopanax is made. Middleton, -The Witch, iii. 3 (Firestone). L. <span class='it'>panax</span>; Gk. πάναξ, πανακής, all-healing.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pandora,</span></span> a ‘bandore’, a musical instrument, a kind of lute. Rowley, -All’s Lost, ii. 1. 4; <span class='it'>pandore</span>, Drayton, Pol. iv. 63. Gk. πανδοῦρα. See -Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paned hose,</span></span> breeches made of strips of different coloured cloth joined -together; or of cloth cut into strips, between which ribs or stripes of -another material or colour were inserted or drawn through. Beaumont -and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 2 (Lazarillo); Wit at several Weapons, iv. 1 -(Cunningham). From <span class='it'>pane</span>, a patch of cloth. OF. <span class='it'>pan</span>, L. <span class='it'>pannus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>panel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pannel'>pannel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pannam,</span></span> bread (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, -Caveat, p. 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pannel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pannel,</span></span> a panel; a piece of cloth placed under the saddle to protect -the horse’s back; also, a rough saddle. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 447; ‘A straw-stufft -pannel’, Hall, Sat. iv. 2. 26; <span class='it'>panel</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. -OF. <span class='it'>panel</span>, a piece of cloth for a saddle, F. ‘<span class='it'>paneau</span> (<span class='it'>panneau</span>), a pannel of -a saddle’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pannikell,</span></span> the brain-pan, skull. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23. L. <span class='it'>panniculus</span>, -the membranous structure of the brain, see NED. (s.v. Pannicle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pantler,</span></span> the officer of a household in charge of the pantry. 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 258; Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (Springlove); ‘A pantler, <span class='it'>panis custos</span>, -<span class='it'>promus</span>’, Gouldman. ME. <span class='it'>pantelere</span>, ‘panitarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 326, -see note, no. 1571).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pantofle,</span></span> a slipper, Massinger, Bashful Lover, v. 1; Unnat. Combat, -iii. 2 (Page); Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 2 (Servant); Spanish Curate, -iv. 1 (Ascanio); ‘<span class='it'>Baseæ</span> . . . a kynde of slippers or pantofles’, Cooper, -Thesaurus. F. <span class='it'>pantoufle</span> (1489 in Hatzfeld). The usual English stress on the -first syllable facilitated the corruptions: <span class='it'>pantapple</span> (Baret), <span class='it'>pantable</span> (Sydney, -Arcadia), <span class='it'>pantocle</span> (Ascham, Scholemaster, ed. Arber, 84), assimilated to -words in <span class='it'>-ple</span>, <span class='it'>-ble</span>, <span class='it'>-cle</span>. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pap:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>pap with a hatchet</span>, infant’s food administered with a hatchet -instead of a spoon; an ironical phrase for a form of reproof or chastisement; -‘They give us pap with a spoon before we can speak; and when wee -speake for that wee love [like], <span class='it'>pap with a hatchet</span>’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3 -(Livia); the name of a controversial tract attributed to Lyly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parage,</span></span> lineage; esp. noble lineage, high birth. Morte Arthur, leaf 110, -back, 5; bk. vii, c.5; ‘Of high and noble parages’, Udall, Roister Doister, -Act i, sc. 2; ed. Arber, p. 17. OF. <span class='it'>parage</span>, ‘parente, affinité; noblesse, -naissance illustre’ (Didot); see Moisy. O. Prov. <span class='it'>paratge</span>, ‘naissance noble, -noblesse’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>paraticum</span>, see Ducange (s.v. Paragium).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='paramento'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paramento,</span></span> an article of apparel. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 -(Incubo). Span. <span class='it'>paramento</span>, ornament; Med. L. <span class='it'>paramentum</span>, ornament; -<span class='it'>parare</span>, ‘ornare’ (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pare'>pare</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paranymph,</span></span> friend of the bridegroom. Milton, Samson, 1020. F. -<span class='it'>paranymphe</span>, ‘. . . an assistant in the . . . ordering of bridall businesses’ -(Cotgr.). Gk. παράνυμφος, friend of the bridegroom (John iii. 29); Gk. -παρά, beside; νύμφη, bride.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parator;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#paritor'>paritor</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paravaunt,</span></span> beforehand, first of all. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 16; vi. 10. -15. F. <span class='it'>par avant</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parboil,</span></span> to boil thoroughly. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 -(Downright). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parbreak, parbrake,</span></span> to vomit. Skelton, Duke of Albany, 322; -Hall, Satires, i. 5. 9; Palsgrave. 478; Horman, Vulg. 39 (NED.); also, as -sb., vomit, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 20. ME. <span class='it'>parbrakynge</span>, ‘vomitus’ (Prompt.); -the usual form in Prompt. is <span class='it'>brakyn</span>, ‘vomo’ (see ed. EETS., Index, p. 749).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parcel,</span></span> a portion, part, share; ‘A parcel of ground’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, John -iv. 5; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 68. 63; Merry Wives, i. 1. 237; item, -particular, All’s Well, iv. 3. 104; small party, L. L. L. v. 2. 160.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parcel,</span></span> partly; <span class='it'>parcel-gilt</span>, partly gilded, esp. of silver ware. 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 1. 94. <span class='it'>Parcel</span>, used for <span class='it'>parcel-gilt</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3 -(Mother). So also <span class='it'>parcel-bawd</span>; Meas. for M. ii. 1. 63; Fletcher, Captain, -i. 1 (Lodovico). <span class='it'>Parcel-popish</span>, Fuller, Worthies, Somerset. See NED. -(s.v. Parcel, <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parclose, perclose,</span></span> close, conclusion, esp. of literary matter. -Warner, Alb. Eng. Epit. (ed. 1612, 377); Quarles, Sol. Recant. vii. 97. -Norm. F. <span class='it'>parclose</span>, conclusion (Moisy); see also Didot.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parcloos, parclose,</span></span> an enclosed space in a building, small chamber. -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 9, back, 25. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>parclose</span>, an enclosure (Gower); -OF. <span class='it'>parclouse</span>, ‘clos, lieu cultivé et fermé de murs ou de haies’ (Didot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pardalis,</span></span> a panther. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 667; <span class='it'>pardale</span>, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 626. Gk. πάρδαλις, fem., a panther.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pare,</span></span> to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 245, back, 26; Knight of la -Tour (EETS.), p. 67, l. 2. Hence <span class='it'>parement</span>, an ornament, id., leaf 236. 27. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#paramento'>paramento</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='paregal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paregal,</span></span> fully equal. Skelton, Dethe of E. of Northumberland, 134; -<span class='it'>peregall</span>, id., Speke Parrot, 430. Norm. F. <span class='it'>paregal</span>, ‘parfaitement égal’; -see Moisy (s.v. Parigal). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peregall'>peregall</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='parel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parel,</span></span> ‘apparel’, clothing, attire; ‘A shining parel . . . of Tirian -purple’, Surrey, Aeneid iv, 337. Hence, <span class='it'>parrelments</span>, clothes, Heywood, -Witches of Lancs., i (near end), Wks. iv. 186. ME. <span class='it'>paraille</span>, clothing -(P. Plowman, B. xi. 228). Norm. F. <span class='it'>apareiller</span>, ‘parer, orner’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parerga,</span></span> unimportant matters, secondary business. B. Jonson, Magnetic -Lady, i. 1 (Compass). Gk. πάρεργα, pl. of πάρεργον, by-work.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='parget'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parget,</span></span> ornamental work in plaster. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 9. -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>pargeter</span>, projeter, jeter et répandre en avant (Ch. Rol. 2634); see -Moisy (s.v. Parjeter). See Dict., and see <span class='bold'><a href='#pergit'>pergit</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='parish-top'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parish-top,</span></span> a large top kept for public exercise in a parish. Twelfth -Nt. i. 3. 44. See <span class='bold'><a href='#town-top'>town-top</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='paritor'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paritor, parator,</span></span> ‘apparitor’, a summoning officer of an ecclesiastical -court. Fletcher, Span. Curato, v. 2 (Bartolus); <span class='it'>parator</span>, Heywood, -2 Edw. IV (1 Apparitor), vol. i, p. 161. L. <span class='it'>apparitor</span>, a public servant, -such as a lictor (Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parket,</span></span> a ‘parakeet’. Marston, The Fawn, ii. 1 (Nymphadore).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parlance,</span></span> speaking, speech; parleying. Speed, Hist. Gt. Britain, ix. -12. 575 (NED.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>parlance</span>, ‘entretien’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parlant,</span></span> one who parleys, or takes part in a conference. Warner, -Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 19, st. 32.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parle,</span></span> a parley, conference. Tam. Shrew i. 1. 117; Hamlet, i. 1. 62; -to parley. L. L. L. v. 2. 122.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parlous,</span></span> alarming, mischievous, ‘perilous’, shrewd. Mids. Night’s D. -iii. 1. 14; Richard III, ii. 4. 35.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parmesant,</span></span> cheese made in the duchy of Parma. Middleton, The -Changeling, i. 2 (3 Madman); <span class='it'>parmesent</span>, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 4 (Poggio). F. <span class='it'>parmesan</span>, -Ital. <span class='it'>parmegiano</span>, belonging to Parma. See Stanford (s.v. Parmesan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parnel,</span></span> a wanton young woman. Phillips, Dict., 1678; Becon, Popish -Mass (Works, iii. 41), see NED. ME. <span class='it'>pernelle</span> (P. Plowman, B. iv. 116); -F. <span class='it'>peronnelle</span>, ‘une femme de peu’ (Dict. Acad., ed. 1762). ‘Parnel’ orig. a -feminine Christian name, ME. <span class='it'>Peronelle</span> (Gower, C. A. i. 3396); OF. <span class='it'>Peronelle</span>, -a Christian name from St. <span class='it'>Petronilla</span>. Hence the surname Parnell (Bardsley, -582).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paroli,</span></span> at faro or basset, the leaving of the money staked and the money -won as a new stake; a doubling of the stakes. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, -ii. 1 (Banter); id., ii. 2 (Wildair). Ital. <span class='it'>paroli</span>, ‘a grand part, set, or cast at -dice’; <span class='it'>parolare</span>, ‘to play at a grand part at dice’ (Florio). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paronomasia,</span></span> a pun, play upon words; ‘The jingle of a more poor -paranomasia’, Dryden, Account of Annus Mirabilis. Gk. παρονομσία. -See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='parreal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parreal,</span></span> ‘pair-royal’; meaning three of a sort. ‘The <span class='it'>we’s</span>, which is -a distinct <span class='it'>parreal</span> of wit bound by itself’, &c., Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 -(Wanton). The allusion is probably to the public-house sign, ‘We -Three Loggerheads be’, a jocular painting of <span class='it'>two</span> silly-looking faces, the -unsuspecting spectator being of course the third. See History of Signboards -(1866), p. 458. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pair-royal'>pair-royal</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parrelments;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#parel'>parel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='parsee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parsee,</span></span> the trail of blood left by a wounded animal; ‘A . . . dogge that -hunts my heart By <span class='it'>parsee</span> each-wheare found’ (i.e. found everywhere by -means of the blood-trail), Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 36, st. 90; -‘Ascanius and his company, drawing by <span class='it'>parsie</span> [by the trail] after the -stagge’, id., prose addition to bk. ii, § 22. F. <span class='it'>percé</span>, lit. pierced; hence, -a wounded animal. Finally, confused with <span class='it'>pursue</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#persue'>persue</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parson,</span></span> a prov. pronunciation of ‘person’. Middleton, No Wit like a -Woman’s, iii. 1 (Sir G. Lamb.); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 1 (Servant).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>part,</span></span> a party, a body of adherents or partisans; ‘The part of Chalengers’, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 25.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>partage,</span></span> a share. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 2 (Mariana). -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>partage</span>, sharing (Gower, Mirour, 1654).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>parted,</span></span> gifted with good parts. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 96; Massinger, -Gt. Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Sanazzaro).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Partlet,</span></span> a word used as the proper name of any hen; also applied to -a woman. Winter’s Tale, ii. 3. 75; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 60. ME. <span class='it'>Pertelote</span>, -the name of the hen in Chaucer’s Nun’s Priest’s Tale (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4075, 4295, -4552).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>partlette,</span></span> a neckerchief or handkerchief. Tyndale, Acts xix. 12, -<span class='it'>partlettes</span> = ‘semicinctia’ (Vulgate), σιμικίνθια, aprons; <span class='it'>partelettes</span>, Cranmer’s -Bible, 1539; ‘<span class='it'>Un collet ou gorgias de quoi les femmes couvrent leurs poictrines</span>, a -partlet’, Hollyband, 1580 (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pash,</span></span> the head; usually in a depreciatory sense. Wint. Tale, i. 2. -128. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pash,</span></span> to dash into pieces. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 (Harpax); -Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 213; v. 2. 10; to hurl, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 2 (414) -(Orlando). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pashe:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>for the pashe of God</span>, Roister Doister, iv. 3; <span class='it'>for the pashe of -our sweete Lord Jesus Christ</span>, id., v. 5; <span class='it'>for the passion of God</span>, id., iv. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pass,</span></span> to go beyond, exceed, surpass. Merry Wives, i. 1. 310. Hence -<span class='it'>passing</span>, surpassing; ‘Passing the love of women’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Sam. i. 26; -Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 24; extremely, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. See EDD. (s.v. -Pass, vb. 8).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pass,</span></span> to care, reck; ‘I do not pass a pin’, Greene (Alphonsus), i. 1; -<span class='it'>to pass of</span>, to care for, regard, ‘I pass not of his frivolous speeches’, id., -Friar Bacon, i. 2. 271; <span class='it'>to pass for</span>, to care for, Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 4 -(Edward).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='passado'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passado,</span></span> a motion forwards and thrust in fencing. L. L. L. i. 2. 184; -Romeo, ii. 4. 26; iii. 1. 88. Cp. F. <span class='it'>passade</span>, Sp. <span class='it'>pasada</span>, It. <span class='it'>passata</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='passage'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passage,</span></span> a game at dice; ‘Passage is a game at dice to be played at -but by two, and it is performed with 3 dice. The caster throws continually -till he hath thrown dubblets under ten, and then he is out or -loseth, or dubblets above ten, and then he <span class='it'>passeth</span>, and wins’, Compleat -Gamester, 1680, p. 119 (Nares); ‘<span class='it'>Passe-dix</span>, such a game as our Passage’, -Cotgrave; ‘Learn to play at primero and passage’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Hum. i. 1 (Carlo); Rowley, A Woman never vexed, ii. 1. 3. See <span class='bold'><a href='#court-passage'>court-passage</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passant</span></span> (in heraldry), walking and looking toward the dexter side, -with three paws down, and the dexter forepaw raised; said of an animal. -Merry Wives, i. 1. 20. F. <span class='it'>passant</span>, passing.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passata,</span></span> the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#passado'>passado</a>.</span> Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passe-measure, passameasure</span></span> (Florio, 1598, s.v. Passamezzo), a -slow dance of Italian origin, a variety of the ‘pavan’; <span class='it'>a passy measures -Pavyn</span>, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 205; <span class='it'>passa-measures galliard</span>, Middleton, More -Dissemblers, v. 1 (Page). Ital. <span class='it'>passamezzo</span>, for <span class='it'>passo e mezzo</span>, i.e. a step and -a half; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passement,</span></span> gold or silver lace, braid of silk or other material. -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, iii. 1 (Arber, 150). F. <span class='it'>passement</span>; Span. <span class='it'>passamano</span>, -‘lace of gold, silver or silk for cloaths’ (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passion,</span></span> sorrow, grief. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 -(Dutch Merchant); iii. 1 (Weatherwise); a pathetic speech, Massinger, -The Old Law, i. 1 (Simonides).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>passionate,</span></span> sorrowful; compassionate, loving, pitiful. King John, -ii. 1. 554; Richard III, i. 4. 121; Shirley, Changes, i. 2; Spenser, Colin -Clout, 427.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pastance,</span></span> pastime; ‘For my pastance, hunt, syng, and daunce’, Song -by Henry VIII; The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 23 (l. 5). -F. <span class='it'>passe-temps</span>; see Montaigne, Essais, III. xiii (ed. 1870, p. 584), on ‘cette -phrase ordinaire de “Passe-temps” ’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pastillo,</span></span> a small roll of aromatic paste prepared to be burnt as a -perfume. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). L. <span class='it'>pastillus</span>, an aromatic -lozenge (Horace).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pastler,</span></span> a maker of pastry, confectioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Alexander, § 9; ‘Cooks or Pastelars’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms, -115). ME. <span class='it'>pastelere</span>, ‘pastillarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 329, see note, no. 1582). -OF. <span class='it'>pastellier</span> (Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patache,</span></span> a tender, a vessel attending a squadron of ships; ‘Ships, -pynaces, pataches’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon; Works, ii. 256. Span. -<span class='it'>patache</span> (Stevens). Probably a Dalmatian word, cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>bastasia</span>, -‘naviculae apud Dalmatas species’ (Ducange). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patch,</span></span> a clown, a paltry fellow. Macbeth, v. 3. 15; Massinger, Virgin -Martyr, ii. 1 (Hireius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pathaires,</span></span> explosive outbursts (?). Arden of Fev. iii. 5. 51. Not -found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patish,</span></span> to agree upon, bargain for; ‘The money, which the pirates -patished for his raunsome’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 1; ‘To pattish, -patise, covenant, <span class='it'>pacisci</span>’, Levins, Manip. ‘Pattish’ is given as an obsolete -Yorks. word in the sense of ‘to plot or contrive together’ (EDD.). Cp. -OF. <span class='it'>patis</span>, ‘pacte, traité’ (Didot); <span class='it'>patiser</span>, to agree upon; deriv. of L. <span class='it'>pactum</span>, -an agreement.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patoun,</span></span> the meaning is uncertain. In B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of -Hum. iv. 4, ‘the making of the patoun’ may refer to the moulding of the -tobacco into some shape for the pipe; cp. F. <span class='it'>pâton</span>, lump or pellet of paste -(Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patrico,</span></span> a hedge-priest among the gipsies, who performed marriages. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, ii (Waspe), -near the end. See Aydelotte, p. 19.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patrone,</span></span> a ‘pattern’, copy, sampler, exemplar; ‘Make all thynges -accordynge to the patrone’ (κατὰ τὸν τύπον), Tyndale, Heb. viii. 5. The -Gk. τύπος is so rendered in Cranmer’s Bible (1539), and in the Geneva -Bible (1557); Coverdale, 2 Kings xvi. 10. F. <span class='it'>patron</span>, ‘modèle, exemple’ -(Gloss. to Rabelais). O. Prov. <span class='it'>patron</span>, ‘modèle’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>patten,</span></span> a form of <span class='it'>pattern</span>. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (<span class='it'>or</span> 2) -(E. Knowell); ‘A Patten, <span class='it'>prototypon</span>’, Levins, Manip.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paunce, pawnce,</span></span> the ‘pansy’, or heart’s-ease. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -April, 142; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, c. 28, st. 43; <span class='it'>panse</span>, Holland, -Pliny, xxi. 10. 92. OF. <span class='it'>panse</span>, <span class='it'>pense</span>, thought, O. Prov. <span class='it'>pensa</span>, ‘pensée’ -(Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pauncie,</span></span> the pansy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 24; F. <span class='it'>pensée</span>, ‘a -thought, also the flower Paunsie’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pautener, pawtener,</span></span> a wallet, scrip. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, -44; ‘Pautner, <span class='it'>malette</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>pawtenere</span>, <span class='it'>pawytnere</span>, ‘cassidile’ -(Prompt. EETS. 330, see note, no. 1592). F. <span class='it'>pautonniere</span>, ‘a shepherd’s -scrip’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pavan,</span></span> a stately dance in which the dancers were elaborately dressed. -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 23 (Arber, 61); <span class='it'>pavin</span>, Twelfth N. v. 1. 207; -<span class='it'>paven</span>, Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 2 (near end); <span class='it'>pavion</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -i. 19. 12. F. <span class='it'>pavane</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>pavana</span>, Span. <span class='it'>pavana</span> (<span class='it'>pabana</span>). See -Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pavis,</span></span> a convex shield large enough to cover the whole body, used esp. -in sieges; ‘The shotte . . . they defended with Pavishes’, Hall, Chron. -Hen. VIII, 42; ‘A pavis coveris thair left sydis’, Douglas, Aeneid vii, -13. 67; as used on board a ship, ranged along the sides as a defence -against archery, Lydgate, Siege Harfleur (Arber’s Garner, viii. 16). Span. -<span class='it'>paves</span> (Stevens); Ital. <span class='it'>pavese</span>, <span class='it'>palvese</span> (Florio); Med. L. <span class='it'>pavenses</span>, pl. (Ducange); -perhaps from Pavia, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Pavois).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paw,</span></span> improper, nasty, obscene; ‘Paw words’, Wycherley, Country -Wife, v. 2 (Horner); ‘Marrying is a paw thing’, Congreve, Love for Love, -v. 2 (Tattle). From <span class='it'>paw</span>, or <span class='it'>pah!</span> interj., expressive of disgust.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Pawn,</span></span> ‘the Pawn’; a corridor, which formed a kind of bazaar, in -Gresham’s Royal Exchange. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); ‘Little -lawn then served the Pawn’, T. Campion (ed. Bullen, 114). See Nares. -F. <span class='it'>pan</span> (de muraille), used in the Low Countries in the sense of ‘une -gallerie ou cloistre, lieu ou on vend quelque marchandise, ou où on se -pourmeine, <span class='it'>ambulacrum</span>’ (Kilian, 1599, s.v. Pandt). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>pandt</span>, ‘a Covert-walking -place, or a gallerie where things are sould’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pax'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pax,</span></span> a tablet bearing a representation of a sacred object, kissed by the -celebrating priest at mass, and passed round to be kissed by others. -Hen. V, iii. 6. 42. Eccles. L. <span class='it'>pax</span>, ‘instrumentum quod inter Missarum -solemnia populo osculandum praebetur’ (Ducange); also called <span class='it'>osculatorium</span>, -see Dict. Ch. Antiq. (s.v. Kiss, 903).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='payne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>payne mayne,</span></span> white bread of the finest quality; ‘Payne mayne, -<span class='it'>payn de bouche</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>payndemayn</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1915); -<span class='it'>payman</span>, ‘placencia’ (Voc. 788. 32). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>pain demeine</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>panis -dominicus</span>, lord’s bread, bread eaten by the master of the house; cp. L. <span class='it'>vinum -dominicum</span>, Petronius, Sat. § 30. See <span class='bold'><a href='#demain'>demain</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>payre,</span></span> to impair, make worse, spoil. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 26; -§ 97. 3. See <span class='bold'><a href='#appair'>appair</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>paytrelle,</span></span> ‘poitrel’, breastplate for a horse. Morte Arthur, leaf 119, -back, 2; bk. vii, c. 17. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>peitral</span> (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Poitrel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peace,</span></span> to keep silence; ‘Peace, foolish woman. <span class='it'>Duchess.</span> I will not -peace’, Richard II, v. 2. 80; ‘He peaste and couched while that we passed -by’, Sackville, Mirror Mag., Induction, lxxii.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peak,</span></span> to make a mean figure, to play a contemptible part. Hamlet, -ii. 2. 594; <span class='it'>peaking</span>, sneaking, mean-spirited, Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='peak2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peak,</span></span> to droop, to be sickly, Macbeth, i. 3. 23; Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 67. 27. The word ‘peaking’ is used in the sense of sickly, wasted away, -in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Peak, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1 (2)). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#pick1'>pick</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peak-goose,</span></span> a dolt, a simpleton. Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, -54); Prophetess, iv. 3 (1 Guard); spelt <span class='it'>pea-goose</span>, Beaumont and Fl., -Little French Lawyer, ii. 3 (Dinant); Cotgrave (s.v. Benet); Chapman, -Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Rhoderique).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peakish,</span></span> remote, solitary; ‘Did house him in a peakish grange -Within a forest great’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, ch. 42, st. 2; -‘Snow on Peakish Hull’ (hill), Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4 (Ballad of -Dowsabel, st. 5); ‘A pelting grange that peakishly did stand’, Golding, -tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 521 (L. <span class='it'>obscura</span>). See NED., where ‘Peakish’ is shown -to refer (probably) to the ‘Peak’ in Derbyshire.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pearl,</span></span> a disease of the eye. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza). -In Scottish use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>perle</span> of þe eye, ‘glaucoma’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pease, pese,</span></span> a pea. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 69; ‘A pese above a -perle’, Surrey, The Lover excuseth himself, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 25; ‘Not -worth two peason’, Surrey, Frailty of Beauty, id., p. 10; <span class='it'>Peason</span>, peas, -Tusser, Husbandry, § 53, st. 9. ME. <span class='it'>pese</span>, ‘pisa’ (Prompt.); OE. <span class='it'>pisa</span>, -<span class='it'>piosa</span>, a pea (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pease, peaze,</span></span> to pacify, satisfy, ‘appease’. Ferrex and Porrex, iii. 1 -(Gorboduc); iv. 1 (Videna); Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 147. ME. <span class='it'>pese</span>, -to appease (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>H.</span> 98; so Lansdowne MS.; Ellesmere, <span class='it'>apese</span>). -OF. <span class='it'>apaisier</span> (Didot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peat,</span></span> used as a term of endearment to a girl, with various shades -of meaning; ‘A pretty peat’, Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 78; ‘Lettice and Parnell -prety lovely peates’, Drayton, Man in Moon, ix; used as a term of -obloquy, ‘Proud peat’, Fletcher, Wife for Month, i. 1 (Sorano); Massinger, -Maid of Honour, ii. 2. See Nares. In prov. use in Scotland for -a girl, gen. as a term of obloquy, ‘a proud peat’, see EDD. (s.v. Peat, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peaze;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#peise'>peise</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='peccadillo'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peccadillo,</span></span> a collar. <span class='it'>Wooden peccadillo</span>, wooden collar (i.e. the pillory); -Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1454. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pickadil'>pickadil</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peck,</span></span> meat (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘Bene -pecke, good meate’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Let’s cly off our peck’, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peculiar,</span></span> private, belonging to one person only; ‘The single and -peculiar life’, Hamlet, iii. 3. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ped,</span></span> a wicker pannier; ‘Dorsers are Peds or Panniers’, Fuller, -Worthies, Dorset, 1; Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. In common prov. use in -E. Anglia and E. Midlands, also in Somerset and Devon (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>pedde</span>, ‘idem quod <span class='it'>paner</span>’ (Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pad3'>pad</a></span> (3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pedee;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#peedee'>peedee</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pedescript,</span></span> that which is written by the foot (not the hand); said -humorously by one who had been kicked; with <span class='it'>pede-</span> substituted for <span class='it'>manu-</span>. -Shirley, Honoria, iv. 1 (Dash).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pedlar’s French,</span></span> unintelligible jargon. Middleton, Family of Love, -v. 3 (Club).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pee,</span></span> a coat of coarse cloth; also, of velvet; ‘A velvet pee’, Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Du. <span class='it'>pije</span>, ‘a pie-gowne, or a rough-gowne, as -souldiers and sea-men weare’ (Hexham); whence <span class='it'>pea-jacket</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peeble,</span></span> pebble; ‘The chaste stream, that ’mong loose peebles fell’, -Cowley, Davideis, i. 677 (NED.); <span class='it'>peeble-stone</span>, Golding, Metam. i. 575. The -usual Scottish pronunc. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='peedee'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peedee,</span></span> a foot-boy, serving-lad, drudge. Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy); -<span class='it'>pedee</span>, J. Jones, tr. of Ovid’s Ibis, 160, note (NED.); Phillips, Dict., -1706.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peek, peke,</span></span> to peep. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 667; ‘I peke or prie’, -Palsgrave. In common prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peel-crow;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pilcrow'>pilcrow</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='peeled'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peeled,</span></span> bald, shorn, with tonsured head. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 30.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='peep'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peep,</span></span> an eye or spot on a die. Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. -Dyce, v. 581. Also, a pip on a card; Herrick, Oberon’s Palace, l. 49; -‘<span class='it'>Pinta</span>, among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens). ‘Peep’ is the usual -word for ‘pip’ of a card, die, or domino in NE. Derbyshire and S. Yorkshire -(H. Bradley). Cp. ‘peep’ in prov. use in the sense of a single blossom of -flowers growing in a cluster, see EDD. (s.v. Pip, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pip'>pip</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peepin, pepin,</span></span> a pippin. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, v. 2. See Dict. -(s.v. Pippin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peevish,</span></span> self-willed, obstinate. Two Gent. iii. 1. 68; Merry Wives, -i. 4. 14; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iii. 3 (Harpax); ‘<span class='it'>Pertinax hominum -genus</span>, a peevish generation of men’, Burton, Anat. Mel., Pt. iii, § 4. -Hence <span class='it'>peevishness</span>, obstinacy, ‘An inbred peevishness and engraffed pertinacity’, -Holland, Livy, 1152. See Trench, Select Glossary; also Trench, -Synonyms of the New Testament, Pref. to 8th ed., p. xxi.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pegma, pegme,</span></span> a kind of framework or stage used in theatrical displays -or pageants, sometimes bearing an inscription; also, the inscription -itself; ‘In the centre . . . of the pegme there was an aback or square, -wherein this eulogy was written’, B. Jonson, Jas. I’s Coronation -Entertainment (Wks., Routledge, p. 529, after inscription ‘<span class='it'>His Vincas</span>’; -‘We shall heare . . . who penned the Pegmas’, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, -ii. 3 (Ianthe). L. <span class='it'>pegma</span>, Gk. πῆγμα, framework fixed together.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='peise'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peise, paise,</span></span> weight, heaviness; ‘A stone of such a paise’, Chapman, -tr. Iliad, xii. 167; <span class='it'>peaze</span>, a heavy blow, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 20; to weigh, -‘To weigh and peise the mountains’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 28 (NED.); -to estimate the weight of a thing, Dekker, Old Fortunatus, ii. 1 (Soldan); -to poise, ‘The workeman . . . Did peise his bodie on his wings’, Golding, -tr. Metam. viii. 188; ‘Ne was it (the island) paysd Amid the ocean -waves’, Spenser, F. Q., ii. 10. 5; to weigh down, Richard III, v. 3. 100; -Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Maria); to put a weight upon, so as to -retard, ‘ ’Tis to peize the time’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 22. ME. <span class='it'>peisen</span>, to weigh: -‘I wolde that my synnes . . . weren peisid, in a balaunce’ (Wyclif, Job vi. -2); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>peise</span>, pres. s. of <span class='it'>peser</span>; to weigh, to ponder, think (Ch. Rol. -1279); L. <span class='it'>pensare</span>, to weigh, ponder.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelamis,</span></span> a young tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. -L. <span class='it'>pelamys</span>; Gk. πηλαμύς.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peld,</span></span> ‘peeled’, stripped; ‘Of all thing bare and <span class='it'>peld</span>’, Phaer, Aeneid -i, 599 (L. <span class='it'>egenos</span>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peeled'>peeled</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelican,</span></span> a retort with a fine end, like a bird’s beak. B. Jonson, -Alchem. ii. 1 (Face); iii. 2 (Subtle); iv. 3 (Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelowre,</span></span> a plunderer, Morte Arthur, leaf 245, back, 31; bk. x, c. 48. -ME. <span class='it'>pelowre</span>, thiefe, ‘appellator’ (Prompt. EETS. 331).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelt,</span></span> a light shield. Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 5 (Belinus). L. <span class='it'>pelta</span>, Gk. -πέλτη, a leathern shield.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelt,</span></span> to strike a bargain; ‘I found the people nothing prest [not at -all ready] to <span class='it'>pelt</span>’, Mirror for Mag., Severus, st. 16. Perhaps the same -word as <span class='it'>pelt</span>, to strike. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pelting,</span></span> petty, trashy, contemptible. Richard III, ii. 1. 60; Meas. -for M. ii. 2. 112; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 2. 328.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peltish,</span></span> irritable, ill-tempered; ‘Peltish wasps’, Herrick, Oberon’s -Palace, 17. Cp. ‘pelt’, in prov. use for a fit of ill-temper, see EDD. -(s.v. Pelt, sb.<sup>5</sup> 8).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>penner,</span></span> a pen-case, case for holding pens. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. -5. 139. A Scottish word for a tin cylinder used for holding pens, pencils, -&c. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>pennere</span>, ‘calamarium’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>penny-father,</span></span> a miser, skinflint. Two Angry Women, ii. 1 (Philip); -‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 102). Hence the -surname Pennyfather; see Bardsley’s English Surnames, 482.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pensel,</span></span> a pennon, little banner. Morte Arthur, leaf 244, back, 12; -bk. x, c. 43; ‘Pensell, a lytell baner, <span class='it'>banerolle</span>’, Palsgrave. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>pencel</span> -(Didot); OF. <span class='it'>penoncel</span> (La Curne). Med. L. <span class='it'>penuncellus</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pentagoron,</span></span> a pentagram, a mysterious cabalistic figure supposed -to have great magical power. Rowley, Birth of Merlin, v. 1. 49; <span class='it'>pentageron</span>, -Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2. 222. Properly <span class='it'>pentagonon</span>. Gk. πεντάγωνος, -pentagonal, having five angles.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pentweezle,</span></span> a term of abuse. Massinger, The Old Law, iii. 2. -(Lysander).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pepper:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take pepper in the nose</span>, to take offence, to be vexed. -Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 3. 10; Lyly, Euphues, pp. 118, -375. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peppernel,</span></span> a bump or swelling. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the -B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife). Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>percase,</span></span> perchance. Bacon, Colours of Good and Evil, § 3. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perceiverance,</span></span> mental perception. Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2 -(Violetta). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perche,</span></span> to pierce. Ascham, Toxophilus, 137, 138. In prov. use in the -north, esp. in Yorks., also in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Pearch). ME. -<span class='it'>perchyn</span>, ‘perforare’ (Prompt. EETS. 44, see note, no. 208); <span class='it'>perche</span>, ‘to Thirle’ -(Cath. Angl.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>percher</span>, ‘percer’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perchmentier,</span></span> a maker or seller of parchment. Gascoigne, Steel -Glas, 1095.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perdie,</span></span> a form of oath = By God!; used often merely as an asseveration. -Hen. V, ii. 1. 52; Hamlet, iii. 2. 305; King Lear, ii. 4. 86; Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 6. 22. ME. <span class='it'>pardee</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 563, 3084). OF. <span class='it'>pardee</span> (F. <span class='it'>par Dieu</span>) -Norm. F. <span class='it'>Dé</span> = <span class='it'>Dieu</span> (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perditly,</span></span> desperately. Heywood, Dialogue 3 (Mary); vol. vi, p. 118. -Cp. L. <span class='it'>perdite amare</span>, to love desperately.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perdu, perdue,</span></span> a soldier sent on a forlorn hope; one who is in -a perilous position or in desperate case. King Lear, iv. 7. 35; Beaumont -and Fl., Mad Lover, i. 1 (Cleanthe); Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 3; -Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 1 (Lysander). F. <span class='it'>perdu</span>, lost.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='peregall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peregall,</span></span> fully equal. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 8; Skelton, Speke -Parrot, 430; <span class='it'>no peregal</span>, without an equal; Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 -(Catzo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#paregal'>paregal</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perge,</span></span> go on, proceed. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, ii -(Ilford); L. L. L. iv. 2. 54. L. <span class='it'>perge</span>, imper.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pergit'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pergit,</span></span> a pargetting; ‘Painting’s pergit’, the plastering (of a woman’s -face) with paint, Drayton, Pastorals, iv. 78. See <span class='bold'><a href='#parget'>parget</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>periapt,</span></span> an amulet. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 2. F. ‘<span class='it'>periapte</span>, a medicine -hanged about any part of the body’ (Cotgr.). Gk. περίαπτον, a thing -fastened round one, an amulet (Plato).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>periment,</span></span> a ‘pediment’ (NED.). A workman’s term. L. <span class='it'>operimentum</span>, -a covering (Vulgate, Ezek. xxviii. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Pediment).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perish,</span></span> to destroy. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 100; Bacon, Essay 27, § 5. Cp. -the Yorks. use: ‘If thou goes out to-night it will perish thee’ (EDD.), -and the Irish, ‘Ah, shut that door; there’s a breeze in throught it that -would perish the Danes’, Joyce, 168.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perk,</span></span> saucy, pert, brisk, smart. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8. In gen. -prov. use in the North and in the Midlands (EDD.). As vb., <span class='it'>to perk it</span>, to -thrust oneself forward, to behave presumptuously; ‘Miriam began to perk -it before Moses’, Bunyan, Case Consc. Resolved (ed. 1861, ii. 673); <span class='it'>to be -perked up</span>, to be made smart, Hen. VIII, ii. 3. 21; <span class='it'>to perk up</span>, to stick up, -‘(Hattes) pearking up’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 50).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perpetuana,</span></span> a very durable woollen stuff, sometimes called <span class='it'>everlasting</span>. -B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Marston, What you Will, ii. -1. 8. From L, <span class='it'>perpetuus</span>, perpetual.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perron, peron,</span></span> a large block of stone, used as a platform, or a funeral -monument, or other purpose. Morte Arthur, leaf 207, back, 28; bk. x, -c. 2. F. ‘<span class='it'>Perron</span>, an open lodge, passage, or walk of stone raised; some -quantity of staires, directly before the foredoore of a great house; also, -a square base of stone or metal, some five or six foot high, whereon in old -time Knights errant placed some discourse, challenge, or proofe of an -adventure,’ Cotgrave. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>perrun</span>, a block of stone (Ch. Rol. 12).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perry;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pirrie'>pirrie</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>persant,</span></span> piercing. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 20. F. <span class='it'>perçant</span>, pres. pt. of -<span class='it'>percer</span>, to pierce.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perséver,</span></span> to persevere, continue in. Hamlet, i. 2. 92; King Lear, -iii. 5. 23.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perspective,</span></span> an optical instrument for looking through or viewing -objects with; a telescope; ‘The heavens . . . whereof perspectives begin -to tell tales’, Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia; ‘Whose eyes shall easily . . . -behold without a perspective the extreamest distances’, id., Rel. Med., -Pt. 1, § 49; Webster, Duchess Malfi, iv. 2 (1 Madman); id. (Bosola), -near end; a microscope, ‘A tiny mite which we can scarcely see Without -a perspective’, Oldham, 8th Sat. of Boileau, 7 (ed. Bell, p. 203); a picture -contrived to produce a fantastic effect; e.g. appearing confused or distorted -except from one particular point of view, or presenting different -aspects from different points. Rich. II, ii. 2. 18.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perspicil,</span></span> a telescope, optic glass. B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 -(P. jun.); New Inn, ii. 2 (Frank); Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, -v. 2. 2. See Nares. L. (16th cent.) <span class='it'>perspicilia</span>, spectacles (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perstand,</span></span> to understand. Gascoigne, Works, i. 78; Peele, Sir Clyomon, -ed. Dyce, p. 492, col. 1, p. 499. A blend of two words—<span class='it'>per</span>ceive and -under<span class='it'>stand</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>perstringe,</span></span> to censure. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, end of ii. 1 -(Damplay). L. <span class='it'>perstringere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='persue'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>persue,</span></span> the trail of blood left by a wounded animal, the ‘parsee’. -Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 28. Cp. ‘Now he has drawn <span class='it'>pursuit</span> [old ed. <span class='it'>pursue</span>, -i.e. the trail] on me, He hunts me like the devil’; Fletcher, Bonduca, v. 2 -(Petillius). See <span class='bold'><a href='#parsee'>parsee</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>persway,</span></span> to assuage, alleviate. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo). -Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pert,</span></span> lively, brisk, sprightly; in good spirits; ‘Trip the pert Fairies’, -Milton, Comus, 118; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 13. In gen. prov. use in England, -see EDD. (s.v. Pert, also Peart).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pert,</span></span> open, easily perceived. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 162. Short -for <span class='it'>apert</span>, open. F. <span class='it'>apert</span>; L. <span class='it'>apertus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peruse,</span></span> to inspect, examine. Com. Errors, i. 2. 15; Hen. VIII, ii. 3. -75; peruse over, to read over, King John, v. 2. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pester’d, pestred,</span></span> crowded together; ‘Pestred in gallies’, Gosson, -School of Abuse, p. 32 (end); ‘Confin’d and pester’d in this pinfold here’, -Milton, Comus, 7; North’s Plutarch (in Shak. Plutarch, ed. Skeat, 175). -For <span class='it'>impestered</span>; ‘<span class='it'>Empestré</span>, impestered, intricated, intangled, incumbered’, -Cotgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Pester).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pesterous,</span></span> cumbersome, troublesome. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, -p. 196).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pestle,</span></span> the leg and leg-bone of an animal, most freq. a pig in the -phr. <span class='it'>a pestle of pork</span>; ‘Pestelles of porke’, Boke of Kervynge (Furnivall, -164). In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). <span class='it'>The pestle of a lark</span>, -used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for a trifle, something very small, Hall, Satires, iv. 4. 29; ‘Rutlandshire -is but the Pestel of a Lark’, Fuller, Worthies, Rutland, ii. 346. -<span class='it'>A pestle of a portigue</span>, used jocosely in speaking of a gold coin (a <span class='it'>portigue</span>), as -eatable meat, to starving sailors, Fletcher, Sea Voyage, i. 3 (Tibalt).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>petar,</span></span> a petard, bomb, a case filled with explosive materials. Hamlet, -iii. 4. 207; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Gunner); <span class='it'>petarre</span>, -Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>peterman,</span></span> a fisherman. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (<span class='it'>or</span> 3) (Quicksilver). In -reference to <span class='it'>St. Peter</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Peter-see-me,</span></span> a kind of Spanish wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 -(near end); Brathwait, Law of Drinking, 80; Philecothonista (1635), 48 -(Nares). Sometimes only <span class='it'>Peeter</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Chances, v. 3 (Song). -<span class='it'>Pedro Ximenes</span> was the name of a celebrated Spanish grape, so called after -its introducer, see NED. Cp. the spelling <span class='it'>Peter-sameene</span> in Dekker, Honest -Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (1st Vintner).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pettegrye,</span></span> ‘pedigree’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 386. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>petternel,</span></span> a ‘petronel’, horse-pistol. Return from Parnassus, i. 2 -(Judicio). Hence, <span class='it'>petronellier</span>, a soldier armed with a petrenel; Gascoigne, -Weeds, ed. Hazlitt, i. 408. See Dict. (s.v. Petronel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>petun,</span></span> tobacco. Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares). F. <span class='it'>petun</span>, a native -South American name of tobacco (a Guarani word); see NED.; ‘<span class='it'>Petum -femelle</span>, English Tobacco; <span class='it'>Petum masle</span>, French Tobacco’ (Cotgr.). See -Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pewl,</span></span> to cry as a babe; ‘Here pewled the babes’, Sackville, Induction, -st. 74. See Dict. (s.v. Pule).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pex,</span></span> for <span class='it'>pax</span>. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 31, st 16. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pax'>pax</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pheare,</span></span> a common spelling of <span class='bold'><a href='#fere'>fere</a>,</span> q.v. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 122; -<span class='it'>pheer</span>, Marmion, The Antiquary, i. 1 (Gasparo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pheeze;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#feeze'>feeze</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>phenicopter,</span></span> a flamingo. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Sensuality). -Gk. φοινικ- (from φοῖνιξ), crimson, and πτερόν, feather. Spelt <span class='it'>phœnicopterus</span>, -Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 12 (near the end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>philander,</span></span> a lover, one given to making love to a lady, a male flirt. -Congreve, Way of the World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Tatler, no. 13, § 1. -This word for a lover became fashionable through the popularity of -a Ballad of 1682 about ‘the Fair Phillis’ and her ‘Philander’; see NED. -The Greek word ‘Philander’ was misunderstood as meaning a loving man, -but φίλανδρος was used originally of a woman, one loving her husband.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Philip1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Philip,</span></span> a familiar name for a sparrow. King John, i. 231; Middleton, -The Widow, iii. 2 (Violetta). See Nares. Still in use in Cheshire and -Northants (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Phip'>Phip</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Philip2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Philip and Cheiny,</span></span> an expression for two or more men of the common -people taken at random; Udall, Erasmus, Apoph., Pompey, 1. Also, <span class='it'>Philip, -Hob and Cheanie</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, 8. Also, name for a kind of worsted -or woollen stuff of common quality; ‘Thirteene pound . . . T’will put a -Lady scarce in Philip and Cheyney’, Fletcher, Wit at several Weapons, -ii. 1 (Lady Ruinous). See NED. (s.v. Philip, 4) and Davies, Eng. Glossary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>philomath,</span></span> a lover of learning, esp. a mathematician. Congreve, -Love for Love, ii. 1 (Sir Sampson). Gk. φιλομαθής.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Phip'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Phip,</span></span> a familiar name for a sparrow, a contraction for <span class='bold'><a href='#Philip1'>Philip</a></span>, q.v.; -Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel, Sonnet 83; Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Song).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Phitonesse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Phitonesse,</span></span> the witch of Endor; ‘Heavenly breath, of Phitonessa’s -power, That raised the dead corpse of her friend to life’, Middleton, Family -of Love, iii. 7. 5; ‘I call In the name of Kyng Saul . . . He bad the -Phitonesse To wytchcraft her to dresse’, Skelton, Phylyp Sparowe, 1359. -ME. <span class='it'>Phitonesse</span>, the witch of Endor (Gower, C. A. iv. 1937); <span class='it'>Phitones</span>, Barbour’s -Bruce, iv. 753 (see Notes, p. 563); <span class='it'>phitonesses</span>, witches (Chaucer, -Hous F. iii. 1261). Med. L. <span class='it'>phitonissa</span> for <span class='it'>pythonissa</span>, a woman inspired by -Python (Ducange). Cp. Vulgate, in the story of the witch of Endor, 1 Sam. -xxviii. 7 (‘mulierem habentem pythonem’). Gk. πνεῦμα πύθωνα, a spirit -of Python, Acts xvi. 16. See note, no. 729 in Prompt. EETS., p. 600, and -<span class='bold'><a href='#fitten'>fitten</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>phonascus,</span></span> a singing-master; ‘Why have you not, like Nero, a -<span class='it'>phonascus</span>?’, Lee, Theodosius, iv. 2 (Marcian). Misprinted <span class='it'>phenascus</span> in The -Modern British Drama, i. 329. L. <span class='it'>phonascus</span> (Suetonius); Gk. φωνασκός, -one who exercises the voice; from φωνή, voice.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>phrenitis,</span></span> a kind of frenzy or madness. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. -3 (Corax). Gk. φρενῖτις, delirium.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='phrontisterion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>phrontisterion,</span></span> a place for thinking or studying, an academy or -college. Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3. 10; <span class='it'>phrontisterium</span>; Randolph, Muses’ -Looking-glass, iii. 1 (Banausus). Gk. φροντιστήριον, a place for meditation, -a thinking-shop (Aristophanes).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>physnomy, fisnomy,</span></span> face, ‘physiognomy’. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3 -(Hazard); <span class='it'>fisnomy</span>, All’s Well, iv. 5. 42.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>picardil;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pickadil'>pickadil</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>picaro,</span></span> a rogue, knave. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro); Pickaro, -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. <span class='it'>picaro</span>, ‘a rogue, a scoundrel, -a base fellow’ (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='picaroon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>picaroon, pickaroon,</span></span> a rogue. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Manly); -‘Are you there indeed, my little Picaroon?’, Otway, Atheist, ii. 1; a -pirate, ‘A French Piccaroune’, Capt. Smith, Virginia, v. 184 (NED.); -a small pirate ship, Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, v. 5 (Brazen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pick1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick,</span></span> to waste away, to droop. Middleton, Chaste Maid, i. 1. In prov. -use in Lincoln, S. Midlands, and south-west counties, see EDD. (s.v. -Peak, vb.<sup>2</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peak2'>peak</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick,</span></span> to throw, Coriolanus, i. 1. 204; ‘I pycke with an arrow, <span class='it'>Je darde</span>’, -Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to pick mood</span>, to pick a quarrel; ‘Whoso therat pyketh -mood’, Skelton, Against the Scottes, Epilogue, 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick:</span></span> <span class='it'>picked</span>, refined, exquisite, fastidious, King John, i. 1. 193; <span class='it'>picking</span>, -dainty, fastidious, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 198.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick,</span></span> the spike in the middle of a buckler, Porter, Two Angry Women, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 318. Also, a toothpick, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, -i. 2 (Sebastian).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pickadil'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickadil, pickadel,</span></span> the expansive collar fashionable in the early -part of the 17th cent. Blount, Glossogr., 1656; Beaumont and Fl., Pilgrim, -ii. 2 (1 Outlaw). Spelt <span class='it'>picardill</span>, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug); -Underwood (NED.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peccadillo'>peccadillo</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickaroon;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#picaroon'>picaroon</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>picke-devant, pickadevant,</span></span> a short beard trimmed to a point. -Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70. Also, a man with a picke-devant, -Heywood, Challenge, v. 1; vol. v, p. 68. F. <span class='it'>pique-devant</span>, an -expression only found in English. See Nares (s.v. Pike-devant).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickeer,</span></span> to pillage, plunder; to practise piracy, Fuller, Worthies, -Hants (1662, ii. 10); to skirmish, reconnoitre, spelt <span class='it'>pickear</span>, Lovelace, -Lucasta (Poems, 1864, ii. 203); to wrangle, spelt <span class='it'>pickere</span>, Butler, Hud. iii. -2. 448. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickle,</span></span> to deal with in a minute way, lit. to pick in a small way. -Ascham, Scholemaster (Arber, 158). Hence <span class='it'>pickling</span>, trifling, paltry, Gascoigne, -Supposes, i. 2 (Pasiphilo). [R. L. Stevenson uses the word ‘to -<span class='it'>pickle</span>’ in the sense of ‘to trifle’; see Letters (Sept. 6, 1888).]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick-packe,</span></span> pick-a-back; ‘He gets him up on pick-packe’, B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, ii. 6 (Stage-direction); Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (260); scene 2. -89 (W.); p. 156, col. 1 (D.). ‘Pick-pack’ (or ‘a pick-pack’) is still in use -in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Pick-a-back). The German word for ‘pick-pack’ -is <span class='it'>Huckepack</span>. For numerous forms of this word see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pickthank,</span></span> a flatterer, a mischief-maker. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 25; -Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Evadne); <span class='it'>pickthank tales</span>, tales -told to curry favour, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lacy). In prov. -use in the British Isles (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pick-tooth,</span></span> a toothpick. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 1 -(Fallace). In use in Glouc. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>piddle,</span></span> to work or act in a trifling, paltry way. Ascham, Toxoph. -(ed. Arber, 117); Fletcher, Wit without M. i. 2; to trifle or toy with -one’s food, J. Dyke, Sel. Serm. (1640, p. 292); Pope, Horace’s Satires, -ii. 2. 137. In common use in this sense in various parts of England, see -EDD. (s.v. Piddle, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pie, pye,</span></span> a magpie. 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 48. In common prov. use -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>piece,</span></span> a piece of money of the value of 22 shillings. Pepys, Diary, -March 14, 1660 (N. S.). <span class='it'>A piece of eight</span>, the Spanish dollar of the value of -8 reals, or about 4<span class='it'>s.</span> 6<span class='it'>d.</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii. 1. 6 (see Wheatley’s -note); Alchemist, ii. 3 (Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>piece,</span></span> a painting, a picture, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 4); Pepys, -Diary, Feb. 27, 1663 (N. S.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pied,</span></span> variegated, parti-coloured. Spelt <span class='it'>pyed</span>, B. Jonson, Every Man in -Hum. i. 5 (Matthew); spelt <span class='it'>pide</span>, Milton, L’Allegro, 75 (ed. 1632).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pieton,</span></span> a foot-soldier; hence, a pawn at chess; ‘<span class='it'>Pietons</span>, or fotemen’, -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 87, back, 6; ‘They [the pawns] be all named -<span class='it'>pietons</span>’, id., Game of Chesse, bk. iii, c. 1 (beginning). F. ‘<span class='it'>pieton</span>, a footman, -also, a Pawn at Chess’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pig,</span></span> sixpence (Cant); ‘Fill till’t be sixpence, And there’s my pig’, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (1 Boor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pigeaneau,</span></span> a dupe, a gull. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, iv. 1 -(Marquis). F. <span class='it'>pigeonneau</span>, a young pigeon, a dupe; dimin. of <span class='it'>pigeon</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pigeon-holes,</span></span> the name of a game; the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#troll'>troll-my-dames</a>,</span> -q. v.; ‘Dice, cards, pigeon-holes’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Old -Foster); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 101; ii. 1. 3; in Hazlitt, xii. 120.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pigeon-livered,</span></span> applied to one incapable of anger; ‘I am pigeon-livered -and lack gall’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 605. A pigeon was supposed to have -no gall, and so to lack capacity for anger or resentment. ‘Sure he’s a -pigeon, for he has no gall’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 5 (Castruchio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pight'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> pitched; ‘Under Pomfret his proud Tents he pight’, -Drayton, Agincourt, 97; <span class='it'>ypight</span>, pp., ‘Underneath a craggy cliff ypight’, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33; <span class='it'>pight</span>, Tr. and Cr. v. 10. 24. ME. <span class='it'>pighte</span>, pt. t. of -<span class='it'>picchen</span>; <span class='it'>y</span>)<span class='it'>pight</span>, pp., see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Picchen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pigsnye,</span></span> a darling, a pet, commonly used as an endearing form of -address to a girl. Dryden, Tempest, iv. 3; Farquhar, Love and Bottle, -i. 1. Spelt <span class='it'>pigges-nye</span>, Lyly, Euphues, 114. In Butler, Hud. (ii. 1. 560), -<span class='it'>Pigsneye</span> occurs in the sense of a ‘dear little eye’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pike:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>sold at a pike</span>, Kyd, Cornelia, v. 444 (not far from end). -Here Kyd translates from F. <span class='it'>vendre sous une pique</span>, which refers to the L. -phrase <span class='it'>venalis sub hasta</span>, ‘that can be sold by auction’. It looks as if Kyd -did not understand the allusion.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pike:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>on the pike</span>, ‘a-peak’; used of an anchor, when the cable -has been hove in so as to bring the ship just over it. Greene, Looking -Glasse, iii. 1. F. <span class='it'>à pic</span>, ‘perpendiculairement’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilch,</span></span> to pilfer, to filch. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 39; ‘Pilche, miche, -<span class='it'>suffurari</span>’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilcher,</span></span> a term of abuse, prob. meaning one who ‘pilches’; it is -sometimes punningly connected with the word <span class='it'>pilchard</span> (see below). -B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Fletcher, Wit without Money, iii. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilcher,</span></span> a pilchard. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4. 1; -Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 (Clause).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilcher,</span></span> a scabbard. Romeo, iii. 1. 84. Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pilcrow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pilcrow,</span></span> a name for the paragraph-mark, printed as ¶. Tusser, -Husbandry, p. 2; spelt <span class='it'>peel-crow</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 1 -(Lapet); ‘Pilcrow, paragraphus’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; ‘<span class='it'>Paragraphe</span>, Pillcrow’, -Cotgrave. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>pylcraft</span> in a boke, ‘Asteriscus, Paragraphus’ (Prompt.); -<span class='it'>pargrafte</span>, paragraphus (Ortus Voc.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., s.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pile,</span></span> the metal head of an arrow. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 337; head of -a dart, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 139; a Roman javelin, Dryden, Hind -and Panther, bk. ii, 161. L. <span class='it'>pilum</span>, the heavy javelin of the Roman -foot-soldier.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pile,</span></span> a small castle; ‘A little pretie pile or castle’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Antigonus, § 27; ‘Certayne pylys and other strengthis’, Fabyan, Chron., -Pt. VII, fol. cxxxvii; repr. (1811), p. 512, l. 16. ME. <span class='it'>pile</span>, a stronghold -(P. Plowman, C. xxii. 366). See NED. (s.v. Pile, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pill,</span></span> to plunder, spoil, to commit depredation. Richard II, ii. 1. 246; -Richard III, i. 3. 159; <span class='it'>to pill and poll</span>, Mirror for Mag. 467 (Nares).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>pilling,</span> plunder, spoliation. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 445. <span class='it'>Pilling -and polling</span>, J. Harrington, Prerog. Pop. Govt., ii. 2 (ed. 1700, p. 332). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#poll'>poll</a>.</span></p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pill,</span></span> to strip. Merch. Ven. i. 3. 85; Lucrece, 1167. In common prov. -use in the sense of peeling, stripping off the outer skin, the rind or bark, -see EDD. (s.v. Pill, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pillowbeer'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pillowbeer,</span></span> a pillow-case. Locrine, iv. 4. 6; Middleton, Women -beware Women, iv. 2 (Sordido). ME. <span class='it'>pilwe-beer</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 694); -<span class='it'>bere</span>, a pillow-case (Boke Duchesse, 254).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pimp-whiskin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pimp-whiskin,</span></span> a pimp. Ford, Fancies Chaste and Noble, i. 2 -(Spadone). See <span class='bold'><a href='#whiskin'>whiskin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pin,</span></span> a small knot in wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 121.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pin2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pin,</span></span> a peg fixed in the very centre of a target. Hence, <span class='it'>to cleave the pin</span>, -to hit and split this peg, to make the best possible hit. L. L. L. iv. 1. 138; -Romeo, ii. 4. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinax,</span></span> a tablet, picture. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 32. -Gk. πίναξ, board.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pin-bouk,</span></span> some kind of bucket for liquids. Drayton, Moses, bk. iii, 165. -OE. <span class='it'>būc</span>, pail. See Dict. (s.v. Bucket).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pindy-pandy,</span></span> a formula used as equivalent to <span class='it'>handy-dandy</span>, in the -game of choosing which hand a thing is hidden in. Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, iv. 5 (Firk).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='piner'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>piner, pyner,</span></span> a pioneer; ‘My piners eke were prest with showle and -spade’, Mirror for Mag., Aurel. Anton. Caracalla, st. 40; ‘He pyners set to -trenche’, id., Burdet, st. 70. See Dict. (s.v. Pioneer). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pion'>pion</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ping,</span></span> to urge, push. Mirror for Mag., Fulgentius, st. 9. Still in use -in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Ping, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). OE. <span class='it'>pyngan</span>, to prick, -L. <span class='it'>pungere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pingle,</span></span> to work in an ineffectual way, to trifle, to ‘piddle’. Women’s -Rights, 152 (NED). Hence, <span class='it'>pingler</span>, a trifler, Two Angry Women, ii. 2 -(Coomes); Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 109). ‘Pingle’ is in prov. use in -this sense in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pingle, -vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). Cp. Swed. dial. <span class='it'>pyngla</span>, to be busy about small matters (Rietz).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinion,</span></span> the name of an obsolete game at cards. Interlude of Youth, -(ed. 1849, p. 38). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pink,</span></span> to stab with any pointed weapon. B. Jonson, Every Man in -Hum. iv. 2; a stab with a rapier or dagger, Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1 -(Fulgoso). Low G. <span class='it'>pinken</span>, to strike (Schambach).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pink,</span></span> a sailing vessel. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. See Nares -and NED. Du. <span class='it'>pinck</span>, ‘a pinke or a fishers boate; a sounding barke’ -(Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pink,</span></span> to contract, make small (the eyes). Heywood, Spider and Fly -(Nares); contracted small (said of the eyes), ‘Plumpie Bacchus with -pinke eyne’, Ant. and Cl. ii. 7. 121. Du. <span class='it'>pincken</span>, to shut the eyes -(Hexham).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>pinkany,</span> a small, narrow, blinking eye; a tiny or dear little eye; -‘Those Pinkanies of thine’, Field, Woman a Weathercock, iv. 2 (Wagtail). -Applied to a girl, usually as a term of endearment, Porter, Angry -Women, iii. 2 (Philip).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>pink-eyed,</span> having small, narrow, or half-closed eyes; ‘Maids . . . -that were pinke-eied and had verie small eies they termed <span class='it'>Ocellæ</span>’, Holland, -Pliny, xi. 335; spelt <span class='it'>pinky-eyed</span>, Kyd, Soliman, v. 3. 7 (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -v. 359). A Lanc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Pink, adj.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinnace,</span></span> a go-between, in love affairs. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Overdo). A <span class='it'>fig.</span> sense of ‘pinnace’, a small attendant vessel.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinner,</span></span> a ‘pinder’, one who impounds stray cattle. Greene, George-a-Greene, -i (Bettris, 1. 236); ed. Dyce, p. 256, col. 1. ‘Pinder’ (or ‘pinner’) -is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pind, vb. 1 (1)). -ME. <span class='it'>pyndare</span> of beestys, ‘inclusor’ (Prompt. EETS. 336, see note, no. 1638). -See Dict. (s.v. Pinder).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pinson,</span></span> a thin-soled shoe of some kind, Withal (ed. 1608, p. 211); -‘Pynson, sho, <span class='it'>caffignon</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>pynson</span>, sok (Prompt. EETS., see -note, no. 1642).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pintas, las,</span></span> the Spanish name for the card-game called basset; ‘<span class='it'>A las -Pintas</span>, (playing) at basset’, Adventures of Five Hours, iv. 1 (Diego); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 265. Span. <span class='it'>pintas</span>, basset; pl. of <span class='it'>pinta</span>, ‘among -Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pion,</span></span> to dig, trench, excavate. Hence <span class='it'>pyonings</span>, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 63. -<span class='it'>Pioned</span>, trenched, Tempest, iv. 1. 64. OF. <span class='it'>pioner</span>, to dig (Godefroy). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#piner'>piner</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pip'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pip,</span></span> a spot on a card; hence, a unit; ‘Thirty-two years old, which is -a pip out’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Bellapert). The allusion is to -a game called <span class='it'>One-and-thirty</span>, which differs from 32 by 1. So also in Shirley, -Love’s Cruelty, i. 2 (Hippolito). See <span class='bold'><a href='#peep'>peep</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pipple,</span></span> to blow with a gentle sound (of the wind). Skelton, A Replycacion, -ed. Dyce, i. 207; id., Garl. of Laurell, 676. Hence ‘pippler’, -a name for the aspen in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Pipple).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pique,</span></span> a depraved or diseased appetite. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 809. L. -<span class='it'>pica</span>, a depraved appetite; a F. form (not found).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pirrie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pirrie, pirry,</span></span> a blast of wind, a squall. Elyot, Governour, i. 17, § 5; -spelt <span class='it'>perry</span>, Look about You, sc. 29 (Richard), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 482. -ME. <span class='it'>pyry</span>, a storm of wind (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1643).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pishery-pashery,</span></span> trifling talk. Dekker, Shoem. Holiday, iii. 5 -(Eyre); finery, fallals, id., v. 4 (Eyre).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pist!,</span></span> hist!, an interjection, to draw attention. Middleton, No Wit -like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pistolet,</span></span> a name given to certain foreign gold coins, ranging in value -from 5<span class='it'>s.</span> 10<span class='it'>d.</span> to 6<span class='it'>s.</span> 8<span class='it'>d.</span> Proclamation, May 4, 1553 (NED.); in later times -= pistole, worth about 16<span class='it'>s.</span> 6<span class='it'>d.</span> ‘Each Pistolet exchang’d at sixteen shillings -six pence’, Heylin, Examen Hist. i. 268 (NED.); B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. -2 (Face); also called <span class='it'>a double pistolet</span>, Fletcher, Span. Curate, i. 1 (Jamie).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pitch,</span></span> a vertex, head; also, a projecting part of the body, the shoulder, -the hip; ‘His manly pitch’ (used for both shoulders, collectively), Marlowe, -1 Tamburlaine, ii. 1. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pitch and pay,</span></span> to pay down money at once, pay ready money. -Hen. V, ii. 3. 51; Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable; i. 2 (Blurt); Mirror -for Mag., Warwicke, st. 14; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 24.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plaça,</span></span> a square, parade, public walk. Shirley, The Brothers, i. 1 -(Carlos). Span. <span class='it'>plaça</span> (<span class='it'>plaza</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plackerd,</span></span> the forepart of a woman’s petticoat; ‘For fear of the -cut-purse, on a sudden she’ll swap thee into her plackerd’, Greene, -Friar Bacon, i. 3. See NED. (s.v. Placard).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>placket,</span></span> an apron or petticoat: hence <span class='it'>transf.</span> the wearer of a petticoat, -a woman, Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 22; the opening or slit at the top of a skirt or -petticoat, King Lear, iii. 4. 100; a pocket in a woman’s skirt, ‘Which -instrument . . . was found in my Lady Lambert’s placket’, Hist. Cromwell -(NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plage,</span></span> a region, country. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.); -2 Tamb. i. 1 (Orcanes). F. <span class='it'>plage</span>, region (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>plaga</span>, a region.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plaice-mouth,</span></span> a mouth drawn on one side. Spelt <span class='it'>plaise-mouth</span>, -B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iii. 2 (Epicene).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plaie,</span></span> wound. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 2. F. <span class='it'>plaie</span>; L. <span class='it'>plaga</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plain,</span></span> to complain. King Lear, iii. 1. 39; ‘<span class='it'>Plaindre</span>, to plaine,’ Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plain,</span></span> to plane. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 322. Hence, <span class='it'>Plainer</span>, -a carpenter’s plane, id., v. 314.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plain-song,</span></span> a simple melody. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41; hence, -‘the plain-song cuckoo’, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>planch,</span></span> to board. <span class='it'>Planched</span>, covered with boards, Meas. for M. iv. 1. -30; <span class='it'>to plaunche on</span>, to clap on (something broad and flat), Gammer Gurton’s -Needle, i. 2. 12. F. <span class='it'>planche</span>, a plank.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plancher,</span></span> a wooden floor, a flooring of planks; used in pl. Arden of -Fev. i. 1. 42; also boards (of a ship); Drayton, Pol. iii. 272. F. <span class='it'>plancher</span>, -‘a boorded floor’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plange,</span></span> to lament, grieve. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, p. 25, st. 31. -L. <span class='it'>plangere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>planipedes,</span></span> pantomimes or entertainments with dancing; ‘The -common players of interludes called <span class='it'>Planipedes</span>, played barefoote vpon the -floore’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 15; p. 49. L. <span class='it'>planipedes</span> (Juvenal).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plant,</span></span> the sole of the foot; ‘Knotty legs, and plants of clay’, B. Jonson, -Masque of Oberon, song 5. F. <span class='it'>plante</span>, the sole. L. <span class='it'>planta</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plasma,</span></span> a form, mould, shape; ‘There is a Plasma, or deepe pit’, -Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes, in a mad speech); vol. iii, p. 424. -Gk. πλάσμα, anything formed or moulded.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>platic,</span></span> an astrological term used of an ‘aspect’ of a planet (NED.). -B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Spelt <span class='it'>platique</span>, Fletcher, Bloody -Brother, iv. 2. Med. L. <span class='it'>platicus</span>, late Gk. πλατυκός, -ικός, broad, diffuse.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plaudite, plaudity,</span></span> shout of applause, approval; ‘Cristall plaudities’, -Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. L. <span class='it'>plaudite</span>, applaud ye.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>play-pheer,</span></span> playfellow. Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 3. 103. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fere'>fere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pleasant,</span></span> to render pleasant; ‘Some pleasant their lives’, Manchester -Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 51); ‘This tedious mortality, pleasant it how man -can’, id., p. 62.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plight,</span></span> to fold, pleat, to intertwine into one combined texture. -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 7; <span class='it'>plighted</span>, folded, Milton, Comus, 301; <span class='it'>pleated</span>, King -Lear, i. 1. 283 (Quarto edd.); Greene, Description of the Shepherd, 21 -(Dyce, 304). ME. <span class='it'>plyte</span>, to fold (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1204). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>plit</span> -(Gower) = Norm. F. <span class='it'>pleit</span> (Burguy), whence E. <span class='it'>plait</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Plait).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='plompe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plompe,</span></span> a cluster, clump, mass; ‘A plompe of wood’, Morte Arthur, -leaf 30, back, 19; bk. i, c. 16 (end); <span class='it'>plompes</span>, troops, bands; Gascoigne, -Fruites of Warre, st. 129. See <span class='bold'><a href='#plump'>plump</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plotform,</span></span> a scheme, design, plan, contrivance. Grim the Collier, ii. 1 -(Clinton); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 423; a level place constructed for -mounting guns, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, Works (ed. 1870, ii. 304). See -Dict. (s.v. Plot), and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 219.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plough.</span></span> The parts of a plough are enumerated in Gervase Markham’s -Complete Husbandman (1614), quoted in Notes to Fitzherbert’s Husbandry, -p. 128, where they are fully explained. I merely enumerate them here. -(1) <span class='it'>Plough-beam</span>, a large and long piece of timber, forming an arch for the -other parts; (2) <span class='it'>The skeath</span> (<span class='it'>sheath</span>), a piece of wood 2½ feet long, mortised -into the beam; (3) <span class='it'>Principal hale</span>, the left-handle; also called <span class='it'>plough-tail</span> or -<span class='it'>plough-start</span>; (4) <span class='it'>Plough-head</span> or <span class='it'>share-beam</span>, about 3 feet in length; (5) <span class='it'>Plough-spindles</span> -or <span class='it'>rough-staves</span>, two round pieces of wood that joined the handles -together; (6) <span class='it'>Righthand-hale</span>, or <span class='it'>plough-stilt</span>, smaller and weaker than the -other; (7) <span class='it'>Plough-rest</span>, a small piece of wood, fixed to the plough-head and -righthand-hale; (8) <span class='it'>Shelboard</span>, i.e. shield-board, a strong board on the -right side of the plough; (9) <span class='it'>Coulter</span>, a long piece of iron in the front, to -cut the soil; (10) <span class='it'>Share</span>; (11) <span class='it'>Plough-foot</span>, or <span class='it'>plough-shoe</span>, before the coulter, -to regulate the depth of the furrow. The ploughman also had with him -a <span class='it'>plough-mall</span> or small mallet; and, originally, a <span class='it'>plough-staff</span> or <span class='it'>aker-staff</span>, for -clearing the mould-board when required.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plough-staff,</span></span> an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or -clearing it of weeds. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 21. In use in Scotland -and the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Plough, II (49)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Plowden.</span></span> Proverb: <span class='it'>The case is altered, quoth Plowden.</span> For various -explanations see Grose, Local Proverbs (ed. 1790), Shropshire, and Ray, -Proverbial Phrases (under A), ed. Bohn, 147.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ployden;</span></span> ‘A stub-bearded John-a-Stile with a ployden’s face’, -Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Crispinella). Not explained.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pluck:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to pluck down a side</span>, in card-playing, to cause the loss or -hazard of the side or party with which a person plays. Beaumont and Fl., -Maid’s Tragedy, ii. 1 (Dula). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plumb,</span></span> perpendicularly; ‘Plumb down he drops’, Milton, P. L. ii. 933. -In prov. use in various parts of England, also in U.S.A., see EDD. (s.v. -Plum, adj.<sup>1</sup>). F. ‘<span class='it'>à-plomb</span>, perpendicularly, downright’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. -(s.v. Plump).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plume,</span></span> said of a hawk, to pluck feathers from a bird; also, to pluck, -despoil. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ample); Dryden, Absalom, 920.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plummet,</span></span> a leaden bullet, hurled from a sling. North, tr. of Plutarch, -M. Antonius, § 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 190); a sounding-lead, used <span class='it'>fig.</span> -a criterion of truth, ‘Lay all to the Line and Plummet of the written -word’, Gilpin, Demonology, iii. 17. 140 (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='plump'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plump,</span></span> a troop, flock; ‘A whole plump of rogues’, Beaumont and Fl., -Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Guard); ‘A plump of fowl’, Dryden, tr. of -Aeneid, xii. 374; Theodore and Honoria, 316. See Nares. See <span class='bold'><a href='#plompe'>plompe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plunge,</span></span> to overwhelm (with trouble or difficulty); ‘(He) was so -plunged and gravelled with three lines of Seneca’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Med. i. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>plunge,</span></span> a critical situation, crisis, a dilemma. Greene, Looking -Glasse, iii. 2. Phr.: <span class='it'>to put to a plunge</span>, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 1 (Sir -Alexander). ‘<span class='it'>Il est au bout de son breviaire</span>, he is at a plunge or nonplus’, -Cotgrave (s.v. Breviaire). Cp. the Northants phrase, ‘I was put to -a plunge’, see EDD. (s.v. Plunge, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Plymouth cloak,</span></span> a cudgel or staff, carried by one who walked <span class='it'>in -cuerpo</span>, and thus facetiously assumed to take the place of a cloak; ‘Shall -I walke in a Plimouth Cloake (that’s to say) like a rogue, in my hose and -doublet, and a crabtree cudgell in my hand?’, Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo); ‘A Plymouth cloak, that is, a cane or staff’, Ray’s -Proverbs out of Fuller’s Worthies (ed. Bohn, 201); Grose, Local Proverbs -in Glossary, 1790. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pocas palabras,</span></span> the Spanish for ‘few words’. Wonderfull Yeare -1603 (ed. 1732, p. 46); <span class='it'>paucas pallabris</span>, Tam. Shrew, Induct. i. 5. Span. -<span class='it'>palabra</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>parabola</span>, ‘verbum, sermo’ (Ducange); a parable, similitude -(Vulgate, in N. T.) See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poinado,</span></span> a poniard. Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70; -Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio); ‘<span class='it'>Poinard</span>, or <span class='it'>Poinado</span>’, Phillips, -1658.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poinet, poynet,</span></span> an ornament for the wrist, a wristlet or bracelet. -J. Heywood, The Four P’s, in Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 10, col. 2; Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 351 (altered to <span class='it'>poignet</span>). F. <span class='it'>poignet</span>, wrist; <span class='it'>poing</span>, the fist. -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='point1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>point,</span></span> a tagged lace for attaching hose to the doublet, and for fastening -various parts where buttons are now used. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 49. Very -common, and the perpetual subject of jokes and quibbles; 1 Hen. IV, ii. -4. 238; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 25.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>point:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>point of war</span>, a short strain sounded as a signal by a -trumpeter. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 52; Greene, Orl. Fur., ed. Dyce, p. 94; Peele, -Edw. I, i (Longshanks); ed. Dyce, p. 378. See NED. (s.v. Point, sb.<sup>1</sup> 9).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>point:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to point</span> [F. <span class='it'>à point</span>], to the smallest detail, completely; -‘Armed to point’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 16; Tempest, i. 2. 194; ‘Are ye all -fit?’ 1 <span class='it'>Gent.</span> ‘To point, sir’, Fletcher, Chances, i. 4. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>point-device</span> (<span class='bold'>-devyse</span>)<span class='bold'>,</span></span> completely, perfectly, in every point. -Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 176; extremely precise, scrupulous to the point of perfection, -As You Like It, iii. 2. 401. ME. <span class='it'>poynt devys</span>: ‘Her nose was -wrought at poynt devys’ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1215); Anglo F. <span class='it'>à point -devis</span>, or <span class='it'>devis à point</span>, arranged to a proper point or degree. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pointed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> appointed. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poise,</span></span> a weight (for exercise), a dumb-bell; ‘<span class='it'>Poyses</span> made of leadde’, -Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 16, § 1; <span class='it'>poyse</span>, heavy fall; Spenser, F. Q. -i. 11. 54. See <span class='bold'><a href='#peise'>peise</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poisure,</span></span> poise, balance, effect. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without -Money, i. 1 (Valentine).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poking-stick, poker,</span></span> a stick or iron for setting the plaits of ruffs. -Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 228; Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iii. 2. 2. <span class='it'>Poker</span>, -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poldavy, polldavy,</span></span> a sort of coarse canvas; ‘<span class='it'>Poldavy</span>, or buckram’, -Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 54; Howell, Letters, vol. i, sect. 2, -let. 10 (1621). See Nares, and NED. Named from <span class='it'>Poldavide</span>, dep. Finisterre, -France; near Daoulas, whence E. <span class='it'>dowlas</span> (Phil. Soc. Trans., May, 1904). -The name is Breton, meaning ‘David’s pool’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poldron;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pouldron'>pouldron</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pole-ax;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pollax'>pollax</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>polehead,</span></span> a ‘poll-head’, a tadpole. Marston, What you Will, ii. 1 -(Quadratus); ‘<span class='it'>Cavesot</span>, a polehead, black vermine wherof frogs do come’, -Cotgrave. Still in common use in the North; in Banffsh. the form is -<span class='it'>powet</span> (or <span class='it'>powit</span>); see EDD. (s.v. Powhead). ME. <span class='it'>polhevede</span> (Gen. and Ex., -2977).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>polepennery,</span></span> extortion of pence; ‘To scrape for more rent is polepennery’, -Wily Beguiled, sc. ii (1st quarto, 1606).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>politien,</span></span> a politician. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4, pp. 158, -159; <span class='it'>politians</span>, pl., Lyly, Sappho, i. 3. OF. <span class='it'>policien</span>, a citizen, a politician -(Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='poll'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poll,</span></span> to cut off the head of an animal, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 112; -to cut short the hair, Greene, Upst. Courtier, D. iij. b. (NED.); to plunder -by excessive rent-raising, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 29); <span class='it'>to poll and pill</span>, -Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 148); Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pollard,</span></span> an animal without horns, either one that has lost its horns, -or one of a hornless variety, used jocosely of a man who is not a cuckold. -Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pollax'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pollax, pole-ax,</span></span> a battle-axe; ‘At hande strokes they use not swordes -but pollaxes’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 141); a halbert carried by the -body-guard of a king or great personage, ‘<span class='it'>Bec de faulcon</span>, a fashion of -Pollax borne by the Peeres of France, and by the French King’s Pensioners’, -Cotgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Mazzière</span>, a halberdier or poleaxe man, such as the -Queene of England’s gentlemen pencioners are’, Florio.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pollenger,</span></span> a pollard tree. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poller,</span></span> one who exacts fees, an extortioner. Spelt <span class='it'>poler</span>, Bacon, -Essay 56, 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poll-hatchet,</span></span> a poll-axe; hence, one who wields a poll-hatchet; a -term of abuse or contempt. Spelt <span class='it'>powle-hatchett</span>, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -613; and see Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 23, l. 29.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>polony,</span></span> a sausage made at Bologna, Italy. In Lord Cromwell, iii. 2. -131, Hodge, writing from Bologna, says that he is ‘among the Polonyan -Sasiges’. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pomeroy,</span></span> a variety of apple. Spelt <span class='it'>pom-roy</span>, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, -c. 1, § 2. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pomewater,</span></span> a large juicy kind of apple. L. L. L. iv. 2. 4; Dekker, -Old Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow); ‘When a pome-water, bestucke with -a few rotten cloves shall be more worth than the honesty of a hypocrite’, -Vox Græculi (in Brand’s Pop. Antiq., ed. 1848, i. 17). A Hampshire -word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pommado,</span></span> an exercise of vaulting on a horse with one hand on the -pommel of the saddle. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury), -where we find ‘the whole, or half the pommado’. Marston has <span class='it'>pommado -reverso</span>, said to mean the vaulting <span class='it'>off</span> the horse again. If so, ‘the whole -pommado’ may refer to both actions, and ‘the half pommado’ to one of -them. F. <span class='it'>pommade</span>, ‘the pommada, a trick in vaulting’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pompillion,</span></span> an ointment made of the buds of the black poplar; -‘<span class='it'>Populeon</span>, Popilion or Pompillion’, Cotgrave. OF. <span class='it'>populeon</span> (Godefroy, -Compl.). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pompillion,</span></span> a term applied in contempt to a man. Fletcher, Women -Pleased, iii. 4 (Bartello). Not found elsewhere. See below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pompion,</span></span> a pumpkin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 41; B. Jonson, Time -Vindicated (Fame); ‘<span class='it'>Pompon</span>, a pumpion or melon’, Cotgrave. A Lanc. -word for a pumpkin, see EDD. (s.v. Pumpion). Du. <span class='it'>pompoen</span>, ‘a pompion, -pumpkin’ (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pon,</span></span> a pan, hollow, basin. Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 169. The pronunc. -of ‘pan’ in the north-west of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ponder,</span></span> weight. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii (Alcmena); vol. iii, p. 102; -a heavy blow, id. (Hercules), p. 142.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pontifical,</span></span> bridge-making. Milton, P. L. x. 313. L. <span class='it'>pons</span> (bridge) + -<span class='it'>facere</span> (to make). It may be noted that L. <span class='it'>pontifex</span> (a pontiff) has probably -nothing to do with bridge-making. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pooke;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pouke'>pouke</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poop-noddie, pup-noddie,</span></span> cony-catching, the art of befooling the -simpleton; ‘I saw them close together at Poop-noddie, in her closet’, -Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 242; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poor-john,</span></span> a coarse fish (usually hake), salted and dried. Temp. ii. -2. 28; Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 15. See EDD. (s.v. Poor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pooter,</span></span> the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#poting-stick'>poting-stick</a>,</span> q.v. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix, -ch. 47, st. 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pope-holy,</span></span> sanctimonious, hypocritical. Foxe, Martyrs (ed. 2, 205 b, -2); <span class='it'>pop-holy</span>, Skelton, Replycacion, 247; Garland of Laurell, 612. ME. -<span class='it'>pope-holy</span> (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 284). In Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 415, <span class='it'>Pope-Holy</span> -is used in the sense of ‘Hypocrisy’, being the translation of the <span class='it'>papelardie</span> -of the French original.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>popering,</span></span> a kind of pear, brought from Poperinghe in W. Flanders. -Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 2 (Y. Chartley); <span class='it'>a poprin pear</span>, -Romeo, ii. 1. 38.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='popler'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>popler,</span></span> porridge (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); <span class='it'>Poppelars</span>, -porrage, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; <span class='it'>popplar of yarum</span>, mylke porrage, id., -p. 86; <span class='it'>poplars of yarrum</span>, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>popping,</span></span> chattering; said of one whose talk is mere popping sound; -foolish; ‘A poppynge fole’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 234; ‘Pratynge -poppynge dawes’, id., Replycacion, 39.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>popular,</span></span> populous; ‘How doth the popular City sit solitary!’, Jackson, -True Evang., T. iii. 184; ‘The most popular part of Scotland’, Kirkton, -Church History, 215 (EDD.). See NED., and Davies, Suppl. Gl.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>porcpisce,</span></span> a ‘porpoise’. Dryden, All for Love, iv. 1 (Ventidius); -<span class='it'>porpice</span>, Drayton, Polyolb. v. 235. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>porpentine,</span></span> a porcupine. Hamlet, i. 5. 20; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 363; -used by Shaks. seven times, in four of these as the sign of an inn; Ascham, -Toxophilus (Arber, 31). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>porret, poret,</span></span> a young leek or onion. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 31; -‘<span class='it'>Porret</span>, yong lekes’, Palsgrave. F. <span class='it'>porrette</span>, ‘maiden leek, bladed leek, -unset leek’ (Cotgr.). Norm. F. <span class='it'>poret</span>, see Moisy (s.v. Porrette).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>port,</span></span> to carry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Compass); ‘Ported -spears’, Milton, P. L. iv. 980.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>port,</span></span> deferential attendance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 517; state, -splendid manner of living, Merch. of Ven. i. 1. 124.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>port,</span></span> the gate of a city. Coriolanus, i. 7. 1; v. 6. 6; Great Bible of -1539, Ps. ix. 14 (Prayer-book); Beaumont and Fl., Maid in the Mill, i. 1. 2; -Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 1 (Sapritius). F. <span class='it'>porte</span>, a gate.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portague,</span></span> a Portuguese gold coin, worth varying according to time -between £3 5<span class='it'>s.</span> and £4 10<span class='it'>s.</span> B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 3. Spelt <span class='it'>portigue</span>, -Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 5. 5; <span class='it'>portegue</span>, Phillips, Dict., 1658; pl. <span class='it'>portagues</span>, -Strype, Eccl. Mem. (ed. 1721, i. 18. 138); also, <span class='it'>porteguez</span>, Davenant, News -fr. Plymouth (NED.). The <span class='it'>s</span> (<span class='it'>z</span>) of Span. <span class='it'>Portugues</span>, Pg. <span class='it'>Portuguez</span>, -‘Portuguese’, was taken as a plural, hence the English forms <span class='it'>portegue</span>, &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portance,</span></span> carriage, bearing, deportment. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 232; -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; ii. 3. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portcannons,</span></span> ornamental rolls or ‘canions’ round the legs of -breeches; see <span class='bold'><a href='#canion'>canion</a>.</span> Butler, Hud. i. 3. 926.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portcullis,</span></span> an Elizabethan coin, stamped with a portcullis. B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Shift).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>porter’s lodge,</span></span> the place where great men used to exercise summary -punishment upon their servants; ‘To the porter’s lodge with him!’, -Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 2 (Don Philippo); Massinger, Duke of Milan, -iii. 2 (Graccho).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portesse,</span></span> a portable breviary which can be taken out of doors. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, -Translators’ Preface, 9; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. 1882, 77). ME. <span class='it'>portos</span> -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1321); <span class='it'>portos</span>, ‘portiforium’ (Prompt. EETS. 342, see -note, no. 1662). OF. <span class='it'>portehors</span> (Godefroy), Church L. <span class='it'>portiforium</span> (Ducange). -See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>portmantua,</span></span> a ‘portmanteau’. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 -(Mawworm).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>port-sale,</span></span> public sale to the highest bidder; ‘The soldiers making -portsale of their service to him that would give most’, North, tr. of -Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 18 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 124); ‘Persons were sold -out-right in port-sale under the guirland’ (<span class='it'>sub corona veniere)</span>, Holland, -Livy, xli. 1103; see NED. (s.v. Port, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>possede,</span></span> to possess. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 3, § 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>possess,</span></span> to put one in possession of a fact. Meas. for M. iv. 1. 44; -Merch. of Ven. i. 3. 65; King John, iv. 2. 41.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>post,</span></span> as set up before the door of a sheriff or magistrate. Posts were -used to fix proclamations on; and were sometimes painted anew when a -new magistrate came into office; ‘A sheriff’s post’, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 157; -‘Worship, . . . for so much the posts at his door should signifie’, Puritan -Widow, iii. 4. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>post,</span></span> a messenger, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 100; v. 1. 46. Also, a post-horse, -2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 40. Hence, <span class='it'>to post</span>, to go with speed, hasten, Richard II, -i. 1. 56; iii. 4. 90; v. 5. 59; ‘Thousands . . . post o’er land and ocean without -rest’, Milton, Sonnet xix; <span class='it'>post over</span>, to hurry over, treat with negligence, -2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 255.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>post and pair,</span></span> a card-game, played with three cards each, wherein -much depended on <span class='it'>vying</span>, or betting on the goodness of the cards in your -own hand. The best hand was three aces; then three kings, queens, &c. -If there were no threes, the highest pairs won; or the highest game in -the three cards. B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); ‘The thrifty and -right worshipful game of Post and Pair’, id., Masque of Christmas (Offering). -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>postil,</span></span> an explanatory note or comment on a word or passage in the -Bible. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 2 (ed. Arber, 23); <span class='it'>postill</span>, to annotate, -Bacon, Henry VIII (ed. Lumby, 193). ME. <span class='it'>postille</span> (Wyclif, Prol. 1 Cor.); -see NED. Mod. L. <span class='it'>postilla</span>, a gloss on the Bible (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>post-knight,</span></span> a knight of the post, a notorious perjurer. A Knack -to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 538. See <span class='bold'><a href='#knight'>knight of the post</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>posy,</span></span> a short motto, orig. a line or verse of ‘poesy’, inscribed within -a ring, on a knife, &c. Hamlet, iii. 2. 162; Middleton, Widow, i. 1 -(Francisco); a bunch of flowers, Marlowe, Passionate Sheph. iii. See -Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pot.</span></span> In the expressions <span class='it'>to the pot</span>, or <span class='it'>to go to pot</span>, or <span class='it'>to go to the pot</span>, the -reference is to the cooking-pot; ‘Your poor sparrows . . . go to the pot -for’t’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 37); <span class='it'>to the pot</span>, to destruction, -Coriolanus, i. 4. 47; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 389).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potargo,</span></span> ‘botargo’, cake made of the roe of the sea-mullet. Fletcher, -Sea-Voyage, iv. 3 (Master). Prov. <span class='it'>poutargo</span>, ‘caviar’ (Mistral, Calendal). -See Dict. (s.v. Botargo); also Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potch,</span></span> to poach an egg. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (P. jun.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potch,</span></span> to thrust. Coriolanus, i. 10. 15. Still in use in Warw. in this -sense. See EDD. (s.v. Poach.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potestate,</span></span> chief magistrate. Morte Arthur, bk. v, c. 8; p. 174, l. 30; -pl., Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 3 (Damon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pot-gun,</span></span> used contemptuously for a small fire-arm; ‘How! fright me -with your pot-gun?’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iv. 4 (Norandine).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='poting-stick'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poting-stick,</span></span> a piece of wood, bone, or iron, for adjusting the pleats -of a ruff. Marston, Malcontent, v. 3 (Maquerelle); Yorkshire Tragedy, i. -74. OE. <span class='it'>potian</span>, to push, thrust.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>potshare,</span></span> a potsherd. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 37. In use in Lonsdale, -Lancashire, see EDD. (s.v. Pot, 17 (65)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pottle,</span></span> half a gallon, or two quarts. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 -(Roger); <span class='it'>a pottell oyle</span> (i.e. of oil); Naval Accounts of Henry VII, p. 16. -‘Pottle’ (a measure of two quarts) is still in use in Cheshire (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pouke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouke, pooke,</span></span> a ‘puck’, demon, goblin; ‘Chymæra, that same pooke’, -Golding, Metam. vi. 646; ‘Nor let the Pouke nor other evill sprights . . . -Fray us’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 341. ‘Pouk’ (‘pook’), a mischievous -fiend, still in use in Sussex and Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. Puck, sb.<sup>1</sup>). -ME. <span class='it'>pouke</span>: ‘I wene that knyght was a pouke’ (Coer de Leon, 566); OE. -<span class='it'>pūca</span> (Napier’s OE. Glosses, 23. 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouke-bug,</span></span> for <span class='bold'>puck-bug,</span> a malicious spectre. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, iii. 594. See <span class='bold'><a href='#bug1'>bug</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pould,</span></span> bald-headed, or with lost hair. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 91.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouldre,</span></span> to beat into powder or dust. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 12; to spot, -id., iii. 2. 25. OF. <span class='it'>pouldre</span> (F. <span class='it'>poudre</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pouldron'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouldron, poldron,</span></span> a shoulder-plate; a piece of armour covering the -shoulder. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, c. 70, st. 13; Drayton, David -and Goliath. OF. espauleron, a shoulder-plate; <span class='it'>espaule</span> (F. <span class='it'>épaule</span>), shoulder. -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poulter,</span></span> a dealer in poultry. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 19; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. From <span class='it'>poult</span>, a chicken.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poulter’s measure,</span></span> poulterer’s measure; a fanciful name for a -metre consisting of lines of 12 and 14 syllables alternately, common in -Surrey and Gascoigne. See Gascoigne’s Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 39).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>poult-foot, powlt-foot,</span></span> a club-foot, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 97); -B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 7. See NED. (s.v. Polt-foot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Poultry,</span></span> the Counter prison in the Poultry, London. Middleton, -Phœnix, iv. 3 (1 Officer); ‘Some four houses west from this parish church -of St. Mildred is a prison-house pertaining to one of the sheriffs of London, -and is called the Compter in the Poultrie’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, -p. 99).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pounce'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pounce,</span></span> to ornament (cloth, &c.) by punching small holes or figures; -also, to cut the edges into points and scallops, to jag. ‘A . . . cote, garded -and <span class='it'>pounced</span>’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 3, § 1; Skelton, Bowge of -Courte, 508. Cognate with Norm. F. <span class='it'>ponçon</span>, ‘poinçon, instrument de fer -ou d’acier servant à percer’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouncet-box,</span></span> 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 38; a Shaks. term for a small box for -perfumes, with a perforated lid. It may be for <span class='it'>pounced box</span>, from <span class='it'>pounce</span>, -to perforate. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouncing,</span></span> the action of powdering the face with a cosmetic, ‘Pouncings -and paintings’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1 (Valentine); -Knight of Malta, ii. 1 (Norandine). See NED. (s.v. Pounce, vb.<sup>3</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pouned,</span></span> impounded, shut up (as horses) in a pound; ‘Married once, -a man is . . . <span class='it'>poun’d</span>’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, iv. 1 (Novall jun.). Cp. -<span class='it'>pounded</span>; ‘fairly pounded’ (i.e. married), Colman, Jealous Wife, ii. 1 -(Sir H. Beagle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>powder,</span></span> to sprinkle with salt, to salt. 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 112. Hence -<span class='it'>Powder-beef</span>, salted beef, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3. 4. Also, to -sweat in a hot tub, to cure disease; Meas. for M. iii. 2. 62; <span class='it'>powdering-tub</span>, -Hen. V, ii. 1. 79.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>practice,</span></span> scheming or planning, treachery. King Lear, ii. 4. 116; -B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 5 (Catulus). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>practive,</span></span> practical, active, expert; ‘Most hardy practive knights’, -Phaer, Aeneid viii, 518. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prage,</span></span> a spear or similar weapon; ‘Their blades they brandisht, and -keene <span class='it'>prages</span> goared in entrayls Of stags’, &c., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. -197. Is <span class='it'>prage</span> a misreading of <span class='it'>prāge</span> = <span class='it'>prange</span> = <span class='it'>prong</span> (see NED.)?</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>praise,</span></span> to appraise, value. Puritan Widow, ii. 2. 14. In prov. use -in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Prize, v.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prancome,</span></span> a prank, trick. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (Hodge). -Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prank,</span></span> showily dressed; ‘Pretie pranck parnel’, Appius and Virginia, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Prank, 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prankie-cote,</span></span> pranky coat; a jocose term for a fellow full of pranks. -Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 117. Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prats,</span></span> buttocks (Cant); ‘<span class='it'>Prat</span>, a buttocke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 82; -‘Set me down here on both my prats’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Mort).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prease,</span></span> to press. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 19; to throng, F. Q. ii. 7. 44; -a press, crowd, throng, F. Q. ii. 10. 25; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 226. -Gk. ὄχλος in Luke viii. 19 is rendered by <span class='it'>prease</span> in Tyndale and in Cranmer’s -Bible, also in the Geneva and AV. versions. See Nares. This is -still the pronunc. of ‘press’ in Lanc. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>precisian,</span></span> one who is very punctilious, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 5; -synonymous with ‘Puritan’, ‘He’s no precisian, that I’m certain of, Nor -rigid Roman Catholic’, 13. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3. 102; Massinger, -New Way to Pay, i. 1. 6. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pree,</span></span> short for <span class='it'>pree thee</span>, <span class='it'>prithee</span>, i.e. I pray thee. Marston, What you -Will, iii. 2 (Holofernes).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pregnant,</span></span> pressing, compelling, cogent, convincing; hence, clear, -obvious. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 23; Othello, ii. 1. 241. OF. <span class='it'>preignant</span>, -pressing, pp. of <span class='it'>preindre</span>, L. <span class='it'>premere</span>, to press; cp. <span class='it'>preignantes raisons</span> -(Godefroy, Compl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pregnant2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pregnant,</span></span> receptive, fertile, imaginative. Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 101; -ready, ‘The pregnant Hinges of the knee’, Hamlet, iii. 2. 66; phr. <span class='it'>a -pregnant wit</span>, Heywood, Maidenhead Lost, i. F. <span class='it'>prégnant</span> (Rabelais), L. -<span class='it'>praegnans</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='prepense'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prepense,</span></span> to consider beforehand, to premeditate. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 2; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 14. See <span class='bold'><a href='#purpense'>purpense</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>presence:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in presence</span>, present; often, in reference to ceremonial -attendance upon a person of superior, esp. royal, rank, Barclay, Cyt. and -Uplondyshman (Percy Soc. 13); Richard II, iv. 1. 62; a place prepared -for ceremonial presence or attendance, a presence-chamber, ‘The two -great Cardinals Wait in the presence’, Hen. VIII, iii. 1. 17; <span class='it'>chamber of -presence</span>, Bacon, Essay 45. Evelyn, Diary, Dec. 5, 1643.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>presently,</span></span> immediately. Temp. iv. 42; v. 101; Two Gent. ii. 1. 30; -ii. 4. 86; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 1 Sam. ii. 16; Matt. xxvi. 53. See Bible Word-Book. Cp. -F. ‘<span class='it'>presentement</span>, presently, quickly, anon, at an instant, speedily, suddenly’ -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>president,</span></span> a precedent. Bacon, Essay, Of Great Place; Of Innovations; -Of Judicature.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>press,</span></span> press-money, i.e. prest-money, as paid to an impressed soldier. -Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, i. 2 (Marcellius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prest,</span></span> ready. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 160; Marl., 2 Tamburlaine, i. 1 -(Orcanes); Dido, iii. 2. 22. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>prest</span> -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 917). F. ‘<span class='it'>prest</span>, prest, ready, full-dight; prompt; -quick’ (Cotgr.); now written <span class='it'>prêt</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Prester John,</span></span> the name given in the Middle Ages to an alleged -Christian priest and king originally supposed to reign in the extreme -East, beyond Persia and Armenia; but from the 15th cent. generally -identified with the King of Ethiopia or Abyssinia (NED.). ‘I will fetch -you a tooth-picker now from the farthest inch of Asia; bring you the -length of Prester John’s foot’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 276; Dekker, Old -Fortunatus, ii. 1 (near end); ‘The great Christian of Æthiopia, vulgarly -called Prester, Precious or Priest-John’, Sir T. Herbert, Travels, 130. -For the history of the subject see Col. Yule’s article in Encycl. Brit. xix. -715. See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prestigiatory,</span></span> relating to ‘prestigiation’, juggling, deceptive, delusive; -‘The art prestigiatory’, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7; ii. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prestigious,</span></span> practising juggling or legerdemain, deceptive, illusory; -‘That inchantresse . . . by prestigious trickes in sorcerie’, Dekker, Whore -of Babylon (Wks. 173, ii. 195); ‘Prestigious guiles’, Heywood, Dial. -18 (Minerva), vi. 250. Late L. <span class='it'>praestigiosus</span>, full of deceitful tricks; -<span class='it'>praestigium</span>, an illusion, <span class='it'>praestigiae</span>, juggler’s tricks; cp. F. <span class='it'>prestiges</span>, ‘deceits, -impostures, juggling tricks’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Prestige).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pretence, pretense,</span></span> an assertion of a right; a claim; ‘Spirits that -in our just pretenses arm’d Fell with us’, Milton, P. L. ii. 825; an -expressed aim, intention, purpose or design, Two Gent. iii. 1. 47; -Winter’s Tale, iii. 2. 18.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pretenced, pretensed,</span></span> intended, purposed, designed. More’s Utopia -(ed. Lumby, 8). Late L. <span class='it'>praetensus</span>, for <span class='it'>praetentus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>praetendere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pretend,</span></span> to stretch something over a person for defence; ‘Who . . . his -target alwayes over her pretended’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 19; to put -forward, set forth, ‘To that wench I pretend honest love’, Middleton, -Changeling, iv. 2. 91. L. <span class='it'>praetendere</span>, to stretch forth.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pretor,</span></span> one holding high civil office, a name for the Lord Mayor of -London. Westward Ho, i. 1 (Justiniano); Webster, Monuments of -Honour, § 1. Med. L. <span class='it'>praetor</span>, ‘urbis praefectus’ (Ducange); ‘Meyr, <span class='it'>maior</span>, -<span class='it'>pretor</span>’ (Prompt. EETS. 284); cp. Cath. Angl. 225.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prevent,</span></span> to anticipate. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 61; Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 94; -<span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ps. xviii. 5; cxix. 148; 1 Thess. iv. 15, &c. See Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>preving, preeving,</span></span> proving, trial. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1366. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#prieve'>prieve</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick,</span></span> to spur; hence, to ride. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 1; <span class='it'>prickant</span>, riding -along, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Ralph).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick,</span></span> the pin, or peg originally fixed in the very centre of the <span class='it'>white</span>, -or circular mark upon the butt shot at by archers. Also called the <span class='it'>pin</span>, -or <span class='it'>clout</span>. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 99; <span class='it'>at the prickes</span>, beside the butts, -id., p. 98.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick,</span></span> the highest point, apex, acme; ‘To pricke of highest praise’, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 1; ‘The hygh prycke of vertue’, Udall, Erasmus, -Paraph. Matt. iii. 30; phr. <span class='it'>prick and praise</span>, very high praise, Middleton, -Family of Love, ii. 4 (Mrs. G.); ‘She had the prick and praise for a prettie -wench’, London Prodigal, iv. 1. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick-eared,</span></span> having sharply pointed, erect ears; <span class='it'>prycke-eared</span>, Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 77; Hen. V, ii. 1. 44.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pricket,</span></span> a buck in his second year, having straight unbranched horns. -L. L. L. iv. 2. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph). -ME. <span class='it'>pryket</span>, ‘capriolus’ (Prompt. EETS. 316; see notes, no. 1681).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prickle,</span></span> a wicker basket, for fruit or flowers. B. Jonson, Pan’s -Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 3). In Kent used for a basket of a certain -measure (EDD.). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick-me-dainty,</span></span> finical in language and behaviour. Udall, Roister -Doister, ii. 3 (Trupeny). Still in use in Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prick-song,</span></span> music written down or sung from notes. Romeo, ii. 4. 21; -Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41. ‘The nightingale’s song, being more regularly -musical than any other, was called <span class='it'>pricksong</span>’ (Nares). ‘Prick-song’ used -to mean counterpoint as distinguished from ‘plain-song’, mere melody.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='priefe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>priefe, preife,</span></span> proof, trial. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 48; Mother Hubberd, -408. <span class='it'>Priefe</span> = F. <span class='it'>preuve</span>, as <span class='it'>people</span> (pron. <span class='it'>peeple</span>) = F. <span class='it'>peuple</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='prieve'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prieve,</span></span> to prove. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 33; vi. 12. 18. <span class='it'>Prieve</span> = OF. <span class='it'>prueve</span> -(<span class='it'>preuve</span>); L. <span class='it'>próbat</span>, with the stress on the stem-syllable, whereas <span class='it'>prove</span> = F. -<span class='it'>prouver</span> (OF. <span class='it'>prover</span>) = L. <span class='it'>probáre</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prig a prancer,</span></span> to steal a horse (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, -v. 2 (Higgen); Audeley, Vagabonds, p. 4; Harman, Caveat, pp. 42, 43, 84. -See Dict. (s.v. Prig, 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prima-vista,</span></span> an old game at cards, resembling primero, and sometimes -identified with it. <span class='it'>Primviste</span>, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 13 (ed. -Arber, p. 33); ‘<span class='it'>Prima</span> . . . a game at cardes, called Prime, Primero, or -Primavista’ (Florio). Ital. <span class='it'>prima vista</span>, ‘first seen, because he that can first -show such an order of cards wins the game’ (Minsheu).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>primum mobile,</span></span> the ‘First Movement’, in the Ptolemaic system of -astronomy, the outer sphere (of a system of spheres), which turns round -from east to west once in 24 hours, carrying all the inner spheres with it. -Bacon, Essay 15, § 4; Essay 51 (end). In Dante the Primum Mobile is -called the Crystalline Heaven (‘Cielo Cristallino’), see Paget Toynbee’s -Dante Dictionary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>princox,</span></span> a pert saucy boy or youth, a conceited young fellow, Romeo, -i. 588. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Princock).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prink,</span></span> to set off, show off, trim; ‘To prink and prank, <span class='it'>exorno</span>’, Coles, -1699. <span class='it'>Prinke it</span>, to show off, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 21, -p. 93.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>print:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in print</span>, to the letter, exactly. L. L. L. iii. 173; ‘Gallant in -print’ (i.e. a complete gallant), B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 2 -(Fallace). In prov. use in E. Anglia, Oxf., Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Print, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prise, pryse,</span></span> the note blown at the death of a hunted beast; ‘Thenne -kynge Arthur blewe the pryse’, Morte Arthur, leaf 63. 25; bk. iv, c. 6. -F. ‘<span class='it'>prise</span>, the death or fall of a hunted beast’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>privado,</span></span> a favourite, intimate friend. Bacon, Essay 27, § 3. Span. -<span class='it'>privado</span>, a favourite (Stevens); Port. <span class='it'>privado</span>, ‘favori, homme en faveur -auprès d’un prince’ (Roquette). Med. L. <span class='it'>privatus</span>, ‘familiaris, amicus’ -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>private,</span></span> private interest. B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 2 (last speech).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prize,</span></span> a contest, a match, a public athletic contest. Merch. Ven. iii. -2. 142; a fencing contest, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 2 (Prentices); -a turn in a match, ib., v. 2 (Infelice); phr. <span class='it'>to play a prize</span>, to engage in -a public contest, to play one’s part, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, -v. 2 (Lieutenant); Massinger, New Way to Pay, iv. 2 (end); Titus Andron. -i. 1. 399; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 1. Hence <span class='it'>Prizer</span>, one who fights in -a ‘prize’ or match, As You Like It, ii. 3. 8. F. ‘<span class='it'>prise</span>, a hold in wrestling; -<span class='it'>estre aux prises</span>, to wrestle or strive with one another’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prize,</span></span> to offer as the price; to risk, stake venture. Greene, Friar Bacon, -iv. 3 (1784); scene 13. 41 (W.); p. 175, col. 1 (D.); to pay a price for, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proake,</span></span> to ask. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 4; ‘To proke, -<span class='it'>procare</span>’, Levins, Manip.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proceed,</span></span> to advance, in one’s University course, from graduation as -B.A. to some higher degree; ‘He proceaded Bachelour of Divinitye in the -sayde Universitye of Cambridge’, Foxe, Bk. of Martyrs, 1297; Middleton, -A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prochinge,</span></span> approaching. Sackville, Induction, line 1. Cp. Sc. <span class='it'>prochy-madame</span> -(<span class='it'>Prush-madam!</span>), a call to cows, Ramsey, Remin. = F. <span class='it'>approchez, -Madame!</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Proochy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>procinct,</span></span> readiness, preparation; ‘Procinct of war’, Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xii. 89. L. <span class='it'>procintus</span>, readiness for action.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prodigious,</span></span> portentous, horrible. Mids. Night’s D. v. 419; King John, -iii. 1. 46.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proface,</span></span> much good may it do you. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30; Chapman, -Widow’s Tears, iv. 2 (Lysander). OF. <span class='it'>prouface</span>, ‘souhait qui veut dire, -bien vous fasse’ (Roquefort); <span class='it'>prou</span>, advantage + <span class='it'>fasse</span> (L. <span class='it'>faciat</span>), may it do. -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>profligate,</span></span> routed. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 728. L. <span class='it'>profligare</span>, to strike -down, overthrow.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>profound,</span></span> to fathom, to get to the bottom of. Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Med., pt. 1, § 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prog,</span></span> to search about, esp. for food; ‘Man digs . . . He never rests . . . -He mines and progs, though in the fangs of death’, Quarles, Job xiv. 60; -‘Each in his way doth incessantly prog for joy’, Barrow, Sermon, Rejoice -evermore; ‘We need not cark or prog’, id. In prov. use in various parts -of England, see EDD. (s.v. Prog, vb. 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>progress,</span></span> the travel of the sovereign and court to visit different parts -of his dominions. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 9; -Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). <span class='it'>Progress-block</span>, a block for a new -fashion of hats, to be used on a progress, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at -several Weapons, iv. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='proin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proin, proyne</span></span> (of a bird), to preen, prune, to trim or dress the -feathers with the beak. B. Jonson, Underwood, Celebr. Charis, v; -Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 59, p. 98. Spelt <span class='it'>prune</span>, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 3. 36; Cymb. v. 4. 118; 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 98. ME. <span class='it'>proynen</span> (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 2011). OF. <span class='it'>poroign-</span>, pres. pt. stem of <span class='it'>poroindre</span>, to trim feathers -(Godefroy), L. <span class='it'>pro</span> + <span class='it'>ungere</span>, to anoint.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='proine'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proine, proyne,</span></span> to prune trees. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 458; Bacon, -Essay 50; Drayton, Pol. iii. 358; Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 292; Homilies -1, Falling fr. God (NED.); Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1. Norm. F. -<span class='it'>progner</span> (Moisy), OF. <span class='it'>proignier</span>, to prune (Godefroy), Romanic type, <span class='it'>protundiare</span>, -deriv. of L. <span class='it'>rotundus</span>, round. Cp. F. <span class='it'>rogner des branches, des racines</span>, -‘couper tout autour’ (Hatzfeld). See <span class='bold'><a href='#royne2'>royne</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>project,</span></span> to set forth, exhibit. Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 121; to presage, -‘When the south projects a stormy day’, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. i. -622.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>projection,</span></span> the application of ‘the elixir’ to the metal which is to -be transmuted into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Mammon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proller,</span></span> a prowler, wandering beggar. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. -490.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>promont,</span></span> a headland. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero); -Drayton, Pol. iv. 7. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>promoter,</span></span> a professional accuser, a common informer; ‘Enter two -promoters’, Middleton, A Chaste Girl, ii. 2; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, -v. 2 (1 Madman); Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 11. See Cowell’s Interpreter.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prompture,</span></span> prompting, instigation. Meas. for M. ii. 4. 178.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prone,</span></span> a sermon delivered in commemoration of a founder or benefactor; -‘The founder . . . used to be commemorated in some Prone’, T. Hearne, -Remains (ed. Bliss, 655); ‘All founders and benefactors were duly and -constantly commemorated in their Prones’, id., 754. F. ‘<span class='it'>prone</span>, notice -given by a Priest unto his Parishioners . . . of the holy days, of Banes of -Matrimony, of such as desire to be relieved or prayed for, &c.’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proof,</span></span> proof-armour, strong defensive armour. Beaumont and Fl., -Chances, i. 10 (Fred.). <span class='it'>Proof-arm</span>, to put on armour of proof, Hum. -Lieutenant, ii. 3 (Leucippe).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proper,</span></span> handsome, fine. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 144; Much Ado, i. 3. 54; -1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 37; ‘He was a proper childe’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Heb. xi. 23 -(= ‘elegantem infantem’, Vulgate). Very common in prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Proper, 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>proper,</span></span> belonging exclusively to one, peculiar to one, Meas. for M. i. 1. 30; -v. 1. 111; Shirley, Arcadia, iii. 1 (3 Rebel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>properties,</span></span> rude paintings for scenery, or stage appliances. Shirley, -Bird in a Cage, iii. 2 (Carlo); dresses for the actors, id., iv. 2 (Donella).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>property,</span></span> an implement, tool for a purpose. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 10; -Jul. Caesar, iv. 1. 40; to use as a tool, King John, v. 2. 72.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>propice,</span></span> propitious, favourable. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 31; -<span class='it'>propise</span>, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4. F. <span class='it'>propice</span>; L. <span class='it'>propitius</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>propriety,</span></span> peculiarity, special nature. Bacon, Essay 3, § 2; property, -Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). F. ‘<span class='it'>proprieté</span>, a property -speciality in; the nature, quality, inclination of’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prospective,</span></span> a magic glass or crystal in which it was supposed that -distant or future events could be seen, Bacon, Essay 26; <span class='it'>glasse prospective</span>, -Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 110. The word also means a telescope, J. Taylor -(Water Poet), Fennor’s Defence (NED.). Also, a scene, a view, Porter, -Angry Women, i. 1. 12. F. <span class='it'>prospective</span>, ‘the prospective or optick art; also, -a bounded prospect, a limited view’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prostrate,</span></span> one who is prostrate as a suppliant or a vanquished foe, -Otway, Don Carlos, i. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>protense,</span></span> extension, a story long drawn out. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 4. -L. <span class='it'>protensus</span>, drawn out; pp. of <span class='it'>protendere</span>, to draw forth.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>protract,</span></span> delay, procrastination. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>provand,</span></span> food, provisions. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 267; Caxton, Reynard -(Arber, p. 60). Flemish, <span class='it'>provande</span>, Fr. <span class='it'>provende</span>, Romanic type <span class='it'>provenda</span> for -eccles. L. <span class='it'>praebenda</span>, a daily allowance (Dict. Christ. Antiq.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>provant,</span></span> provender, food. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Also, one -who deals in provisions, a sutler. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, -i. 1 (Nicodemus). Hence, <span class='it'>Provant</span>, of or belonging to the ‘provant’ or -soldier’s allowance, and therefore, of common or inferior quality, Webster, -Appius and Virg. i. 4; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 1 (Bobadil).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>provecte,</span></span> advanced; ‘Provecte in yeres’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 4, § 3. L. <span class='it'>provectus</span>, pp.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>providence,</span></span> foresight, timely care. Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. -2 (Overreach); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 1. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>provincial garland,</span></span> a garland given to one who had added a <span class='it'>province</span> -to the Roman Empire. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 2 (Calanthia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prowest,</span></span> most valiant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; ii. 8. 18. OF. <span class='it'>prou</span>, -valiant (Bartsch). See Dict. (s.v. Prowess).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prune,</span></span> the fruit. <span class='it'>Stewed prunes</span>, often referred to as being a favourite -dish in brothels. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 93; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 128; cp. -Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 5 (Eumenes). Spelt <span class='it'>proin</span>, in <span class='it'>proin-stone</span>, Peele, -Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 500).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>prune;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#proin'>proin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pry, prie,</span></span> a local name of the small-leaved lime (<span class='it'>Tilia parvifolia</span>). -Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 15. An Essex word, see EDD. (sv. Pry, sb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ptrow,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, tut! an exclamation of contempt. Heywood, Jupiter -and Io, vol. vi, p. 267, l. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Pucelle.</span></span> <span class='it'>Joan la Pucelle</span>, Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, 1 Hen. VI, -i. 4. 101; i. 6. 3. F. <span class='it'>pucelle</span>, a maid, virgin.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puckfist, puckfoist,</span></span> the fungus usually called a puff-ball. Beaumont -and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 5 -(Tucca). Named after ‘Puck’. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pouke'>pouke</a>.</span> A common prov. word (EDD.). -The ‘puff-ball’ was also called Bull-fist, Puff-fist, and Wolf’s-fist, see Cotgrave -(s.v. Vesse de loup); see NED. (s.v. Fist).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puckle,</span></span> a kind of bugbear or goblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 -(Hecate). OE. <span class='it'>pūcel</span>, a goblin (NED.), dimin. of <span class='it'>pūca</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#pouke'>pouke</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puckling,</span></span> little goblin; used as a term of endearment by a witch. -Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii. 1 (Mawd.); vol. iv, p. 187. See -above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pudder,</span></span> pother, confusion, turmoil. King Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); -Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Romanello). A common prov. word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pudding-time, in,</span></span> in good time, lit. in time for dinner, as dinner -often began with pudding. Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. -219; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 865. Still in use; see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pudding tobacco,</span></span> tobacco compressed into sausage-like rolls. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury); Middleton, Roaring Girl, -iii. 2 (Laxton).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pudency,</span></span> modesty. Cymbeline, ii. 5. 11. L. <span class='it'>pudentia</span>, modesty.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pug,</span></span> to pull, to tug; ‘What pugging by the ear!’, Appius and Virginia, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. In prov. use from Warw. to Dorset, -see EDD. (s.v. Pug, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pug,</span></span> a bargeman; ‘In a Westerne barge, when with a good winde and -lustie pugges one may go ten miles in two daies’, Lyly, Endymion, iv. 2; -<span class='it'>Westerne pugs</span>, men who navigated barges down the Thames to London; -‘The Westerne pugs receiving money there [in plague time] have tyed -it in a bag at the end of their barge, and trailed it through the Thames’, -Dekker, Wonderfull Yeare (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='puggard'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puggard,</span></span> a thief (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pugging tooth,</span></span> Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 7. Meaning uncertain. Usually -taken as = thieving, cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#puggard'>puggard</a>.</span> In Devon ‘pug-tooth’ means eye-tooth -(EDD.). Possibly there may be a play of words here: Autolycus’s hungry -eye-tooth (<span class='it'>pug</span>-tooth) set on edge tempts him to thieve (<span class='it'>pug</span>) ‘the white -sheet bleaching on the hedge’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puke,</span></span> a superior kind of woollen cloth, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 78. M. Du. -<span class='it'>puuc</span>, <span class='it'>puyck</span>, name of the best sort of woollen cloth (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1420). Du. <span class='it'>puyck</span>, -woollen cloth (Hexham); <span class='it'>puik</span>, choice, excellent (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puke,</span></span> the name of the colour formerly used for the cloth named -‘puke’. ‘<span class='it'>Pauonaccio cupo</span>, a deep darke purple or puke colour’ (Florio, ed. -1598); ‘Pewke, a colour, <span class='it'>pers</span>’, Palsgrave. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pull:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to pull down a side</span>, ‘to cause the loss or hazard of the side -or party with which a person plays’ (Nares); ‘If I hold your card, I shall -pull down the side’, Massinger, Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Cozimo); id., -Unnatural Combat, ii. 1 (Belgarde).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pullen,</span></span> poultry, chickens. Tusser, Husbandry, 87. 5; Beaumont and -Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless); <span class='it'>poleyn</span>, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -146. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia -(EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>poulain</span>, young of any animal (Hatzfeld). Med. L. <span class='it'>pullanus</span>, -see Ducange (s.v. Pullani).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pulpamenta,</span></span> delicacies. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 7 -(Macilente). A word used by Plautus for tit-bits, delicacies.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pulpatoon,</span></span> a dish made of rabbits, fowls, &c., in a crust of forced -meat. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). Span. <span class='it'>pulpelón</span>, a large slice -of stuffed meat.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pulvilio,</span></span> fine scented powder, cosmetic powder. Etherege, Man of -Mode, iii. 3 (Sir Fopling); <span class='it'>Pulvilio-box</span>, a scent-box, Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, ii (Manly). Hence <span class='it'>pulvil</span>, to perfume with scented powder, Congreve, -Way of the World, iv. 1 (beginning). Ital. <span class='it'>polviglio</span>, fine powder. -See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pumey,</span></span> ‘pumice’. Peele, Anglorum Feriae, 26 (ed. Dyce, p. 595); -<span class='it'>pumie-stone</span>, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 39; Shep. Kal., March, 89.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pun,</span></span> to pound, to beat, pummel. Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 42; <span class='it'>pund</span>, pt. t., -Heywood, King Edw. IV, First Part (Spicing); vol. i, p. 19. In common -prov. use from the north country down to Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Pound, -vb.<sup>3</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>punian</span>, to pound, beat, bray in mortar.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puncheon,</span></span> a kind of dagger. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 664 (L. <span class='it'>dolones</span>). -O. Prov. <span class='it'>ponchon</span>, ‘poinçon’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puncto;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#punto'>punto</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>punctual,</span></span> no bigger than a point, very small; ‘This opacous Earth, -this punctual spot’, Milton, P. L. viii. 23.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>punese,</span></span> a bug. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. <span class='it'>punaise</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pung,</span></span> a ‘punk’, courtesan. Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Lethe). -Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>punkateero,</span></span> a purveyor of punks, a pander. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, iv. 1 (Curvetto). A jocose formation from <span class='it'>punk</span>, a strumpet, in -imitation of Span. <span class='it'>mulatero</span>, muleteer, from <span class='it'>mulo</span>, mule. Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='punto'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>punto,</span></span> a small point; <span class='it'>in a punto</span>, in a moment, B. Jonson, Every Man in -Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil); a nice point of behaviour, a ‘punctilio’, ‘Puntos and -Complementes’, Bacon. Adv. L., bk. ii, c. 23, § 3; a stroke or thrust with -the point of the sword or foil, Merry Wives, ii. 3. 26; <span class='it'>punto riverso</span>, a back-handed -thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27; <span class='it'>punto beard</span>, a pointed beard, Shirley, -Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode). Ital. and Span. <span class='it'>punto</span>, L. <span class='it'>punctum</span>, a point.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purchase,</span></span> to acquire, obtain, gain. Tempest, iv. 1. 14; Richard II, -i. 3. 282. Hence, <span class='it'>purchase</span>, acquired property, wealth, Webster, Duch. -Malfi, iii. 1 (Antonio); spoil, booty, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101; Hen. V, iii. 2. 45; -Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 16; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 5 (Theridamas). See -Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purfle,</span></span> to embroider along an edge, to border, to ornament. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 2. 13; ii. 3. 26; Milton, Comus, 995; ‘<span class='it'>Pourfiler</span>, to purfle, tinsell -or overcast with gold thread’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purfle,</span></span> the contour or outline of anything, the profile. Chapman, -Byron’s Conspiracy, iii. 1 (Breton).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puritan,</span></span> used ironically for a courtesan (Cant). Marston, What you -Will, iii. 3 (Slip).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purlieu,</span></span> ground near a forest, which having been made forest, was -by perambulation (OF. <span class='it'>puralee</span>) separated from the same, see Manwood, -Forest Laws, cap. 20; ‘In the purlieus of this forest’, As You Like It, iv. -3. 77. The form <span class='it'>purlieu</span> (for an older <span class='it'>purley</span>) is probably due to popular -etymology, i.e. to association with F. <span class='it'>pur lieu</span>, L. <span class='it'>purus locus</span>, a free open -space; <span class='it'>purley</span>, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); <span class='it'>purley-man</span>, -one who has lands within the ‘purlieu’ (NED.); <span class='it'>Pourlie man</span>, Cowell’s -Interpreter (s.v. Purlue). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>puralé</span> (<span class='it'>-lée</span>), a going though, ‘perambulatio’ -(Rough List, s.v. Purlieu). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='purpense'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purpense,</span></span> to determine beforehand; ‘James Grame . . . wilfully -assented and purpensed the murdre, &c.’, Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 7; ‘A -purpensed malice’, Udall, Erasmus’s Paraph. Mark iii. 30. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>purpenser</span>: <span class='it'>agwait purpensé</span>, ‘insidiis praecogitatis’ (Laws of William I, -§ 1, 2); see Moisy. See <span class='bold'><a href='#prepense'>prepense</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purpose,</span></span> conversation, discourse. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 45; ii. 6. 6; -ii. 8. 56; Much Ado, iii. 1. 12; to converse, discourse, F. Q. ii. 12. 16. -OF. <span class='it'>pourpos</span> (<span class='it'>purpos</span>), a purpose (Godefroy), cp. F. <span class='it'>propos</span>, a purpose, design, -also, speech, discourse (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purprise,</span></span> an enclosure, enclosed area. Bacon, Essay 56 (Judicature). -Norm. F. <span class='it'>purprise</span>, <span class='it'>pourprise</span>, ‘pourpris, enceinte, enelos, demeure’ (Moisy); -<span class='it'>porprise</span> (Didot); <span class='it'>porprendre</span>, ‘investir, entourer’ (Didot). Med. L. <span class='it'>porprisa</span>, -<span class='it'>porprisum</span>, ‘possessio vel locus sepibus, muris, ant vallis conclusus’; see -Ducange (s.v. Porprendere).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purse,</span></span> to steal purses. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Yo. -Loveless).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purse-net,</span></span> a net, the mouth of which could be drawn together by -a string. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto); Appius, iv. 1 -(Advocate).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>purveyance,</span></span> providence. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 58; provision, -equipment, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 13. ME. <span class='it'>purveyaunce</span>, providence, also, -provision (Chaucer). See Dict. (s.v. Purvey).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>push,</span></span> a pustule, pimple; ‘Black poushes or boyles’, Sir T. Elyot, -Castel of Helthe, bk. iii, c. 7; ‘Pimples or pushes’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Diogenes, § 6. Still in use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Push, sb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>push,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, pish! Massinger, The Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); -Middleton, Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Shortyard). Very common in Middleton.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='push-pin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>push-pin,</span></span> a childish game noticed by Strutt, Sports, v. 4. 14. In -L. L. L. iv. 3. 169; Herrick, Hesper., Love’s Play at Push-pin. Also -called <span class='it'>put-pin</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='pussle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pussle,</span></span> a maid, girl, drab. Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78); -‘A puzell verie beautifull’, Holinshed (ed. 1587, iii. 545); Laneham’s -Letter (ed. Furnivall, 23); ‘The Fayre Pusell’, W. de Worde, Treatyse -of a Galaunt (see title of the play). F. <span class='it'>pucelle</span>, a maid.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put,</span></span> a silly fellow, a ‘duffer’ (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Shamwell). See Slang Dict., 1874.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put case,</span></span> suppose. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put forth,</span></span> to lend out (money). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour -ii. 1 (Puntarvolo). Cp. Temp. iii. 3. 48; Sonnet cxxxiv. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put on,</span></span> to put on a hat. This was the occasion of much empty compliment. -Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto). <span class='it'>Putting off his hat</span>, -taking it off, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 7.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put up,</span></span> to sheathe a sword, to replace it in the scabbard. Temp. i. 2. -469; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 343; <span class='it'>put up</span> (without a following sb.), Middleton, -The Widow, i. 2 (Martino).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puther,</span></span> pother, trouble, disturbance. Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. -4 (Bayes); <span class='it'>pudder</span>, K. Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); <span class='it'>poother</span>, Coriolanus, ii. 1. 234.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>put-pin,</span></span> ‘Playing at put-pin’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. -205. See <span class='bold'><a href='#push-pin'>push-pin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puttock,</span></span> a bird of prey of the kite kind. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 191; -Cymb. i. 1. 140; Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 110; ‘Puttocke, <span class='it'>escoufle</span>’, Palsgrave. -In common prov. use for a kite or buzzard, see EDD. (s.v. Puttock, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 -and 2). ME. <span class='it'>puttocke</span>, ‘milvus’ (Prompt. EETS. 339, see note, no. 1647). -<span class='it'>Puttock</span> is a not uncommon surname, see Bardsley, 493. An older form for -this surname was <span class='it'>Putthawke</span>, see Chronicles of Theberton (Suffolk), by -H. M. Doughty, 1910, p. 177, ‘That year [1748] John Puttock or Putthawke -was churchwarden.’ Can <span class='it'>puttock</span>, the name of the bird, stand for -<span class='it'>pout-hawk,</span> from the pouts, i.e. small birds, on which it feeds? [For <span class='it'>pout</span>, -see NED. (s.v. <span class='it'>Poult</span>).]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>puzell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pussle'>pussle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pylery hole,</span></span> the hole through which the head of the offender was -thrust in the pillory. Skelton, Magnyf. 361. OF. <span class='it'>pillorie</span> (Ducange, s.v. -Pilorium), O. Prov. <span class='it'>espilori</span>, <span class='it'>espitlori</span> (Levy); Med. L. *<span class='it'>spect’lorium</span> < *<span class='it'>spectaculorium</span>, -a place for a ‘spectacle’ (L. <span class='it'>spectaculum</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pyonyng;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#pion'>pion</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>pyromancy,</span></span> divination by fire. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (186); -scene 2. 15 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). Gk. πυρομαντεία, divination by fire.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Pythonissa,</span></span> the witch of Endor; ‘Saith the Pythonissa to Saul’, -Bacon, Essay 35. L. <span class='it'>pythonissa</span>, applied to the witch of Endor (1 Sam. xxviii), -see Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii, Argument (‘Saul pythonissam consulit’); -properly, a woman possessed with Python, the spirit of divination, cp. -Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii. 7 (‘Mulier pythonem habens in Endor’). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#Phitonesse'>Phitonessa</a>.</span></p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='Q'>Q</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Q,</span></span> a cue, as the signal for an actor to begin his part; ‘And took I not -my <span class='it'>Q</span>?’ Barry, Ram-Alley, ii. 1 (W. Smallshanks); ‘And old men know -their <span class='it'>Q’s</span>, id., iii. 1 (O. Small.). Some say it stood for L. <span class='it'>quando</span>, when; -i.e. the time when.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quab,</span></span> a crude or shapeless thing. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3. 5. -Low G. <span class='it'>quabbe</span>, a piece of fat flesh, <span class='it'>quabbeln</span>, to be flabby, quiver like a piece -of fat or soft flesh; Du. <span class='it'>quabbe</span>, ‘the dewlap of a Rudder-beast hanging -down under his necke’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quacking cheat,</span></span> a cant term for a duck. Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Trapdoor). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quadlin,</span></span> a kind of apple, a ‘codling’, mentioned among the July -fruits in Bacon’s Essay 46, Of Gardens; <span class='it'>quodling</span>, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 -(Dol Common). Perhaps a corruption of ME. <span class='it'>querdlyng</span>, appul, ‘duracenum’ -(Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quadrate,</span></span> a troop in a square formation; ‘The Powers Militant . . . -in mighty Quadrate joyn’d’, Milton, P. L. vi. 62. L. <span class='it'>quadratus</span>, squared; -<span class='it'>quadratum</span>, a square.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail,</span></span> the name of the bird, applied to a courtesan. Tr. and Cr. v. 1. 57; -B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula). See Nares. Cp. F. <span class='it'>cailte coiffée</span>, ‘une -femme galante’ (Moisy, s.v. Quaille); <span class='it'>cailles coyphées</span>, women (Rabelais, -iv. 23); <span class='it'>caille coiffée</span>, ‘a woman’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail,</span></span> to curdle, coagulate; ‘I quayle as mylke dothe, <span class='it'>je quaillebotte</span>’, -Palsgrave; ‘This mylke is quayled’, id.; Phillips, Dict., 1706. In prov. -use in E. Anglia and adjacent counties, see EDD. (s.v. Quail, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. -<span class='it'>quaylyn</span> as mylk or odyrlyk lykowre, ‘coagulo’ (Prompt. EETS. 363). -F. <span class='it'>cailler</span>, to curdle, to coagulate (Cotgr.), OF. <span class='it'>coailler</span> (Oxf. Ps. cxviii. 70); -L. <span class='it'>coagulare</span>; cp. Ital. <span class='it'>quagliare</span> (<span class='it'>coagulare</span>, to curd or curdle (Torriano)). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#quarle2'>quarle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail,</span></span> to lose courage; ‘My heart drops blood, and my false spirits -Quaile’, Cymbeline, v. 5. 149; ‘Their hearts began to quaile’, Holland, -Livy, xxxvi. 9. 924. A <span class='it'>fig.</span> sense of <span class='it'>quail</span> (to curdle), see above. Cp. Ital. -<span class='it'>quagliare</span> (<span class='it'>cagliare</span>), ‘aggrumare’; <span class='it'>per met.</span> ‘mancar d’animo, venir meno’ -(Fanfani, s.v. Cagliare).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail</span></span> (a trans. use of above), to cause to quail, to depress the heart -with fear or dejection; ‘He meant to quail and shake the orb’, Ant. -and Cl. v. 2. 85; Mids. Night’s D. v. 292 (Pyramus); Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 49; -Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, i. 2 (Cassilane); Kyd, Cornelia, -iv. 1. 243.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quail-pipe boot,</span></span> a boot having a wrinkled appearance. Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Truepenny); with reference to the E. version -of the Romaunt of the Rose, 7261: ‘Highe shoes . . . That frouncen [are -wrinkled] lyke a quaile-pipe.’</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quaint,</span></span> skilled, clever; ‘The quaint Musician’, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 149; -skilfully designed, ‘A quaint salad’, Shirley, Traitor, iv. 2; beautiful, -elegant, Milton, Samson Ag. 1303; Much Ado, iii. 4. 22; dainty, -fastidious, prim, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 10. OF. <span class='it'>cointe</span>, ‘instruit’ (Bartsch), -Med. L. <span class='it'>cognitus</span>, ‘sciens’ (Ducange). Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>coinde</span>, <span class='it'>cointe</span>, ‘joli, -gracieux, aimable’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quaisy;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#queazy'>queazy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quality,</span></span> profession, occupation. Merry Wives, v. 5. 44; Hamlet, ii. -2. 363; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Metaldi).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quar,</span></span> a ‘quarry’, a heap of dead men. Phaer, Aeneid ix, 526. See -Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarelet,</span></span> a small square; ‘The quarelets of pearl’ (referring to a girl’s -teeth), Herrick, The Rock of Rubies, and the Quarrie of Pearls, 32. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#quarrel'>quarrel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarle,</span></span> a ‘quarrel’, cross-bow bolt. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 33. See -Dict. (s.v. Quarrel, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quarle2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarle,</span></span> to curdle, coagulate. Tourneur, Rev. Trag. iv. 4. 8. See -<a href='#quar3'><span class='bold'>quar</span>(<span class='bold'>r</span></a> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quar</span>(<span class='bold'>r,</span></span> a stone-quarry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); -Drayton, Pol. i. 119. In prov. use (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quar3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quar</span>(<span class='bold'>r,</span></span> to coagulate; ‘It keepeth the mylke from quarring and crudding -in the brest’, Lyte, Dodoens, ii. 74. 246 (NED.). In prov. use in -Worc., Hants., Somerset, Devon (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#quarle2'>quarle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quarrel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarrel,</span></span> a square, or diamond-shaped piece of glass, in a window; -‘A quarrell of glasse’, Puttenham, Arte of Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 11, ed. Arber, -p. 106; Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 1 (Galoshio). ‘Quarrel’ is in -prov. use in various parts of England for a pane of glass, esp. a diamond-shaped -pane, see EDD. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.<sup>1</sup>), and NED. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quarron,</span></span> the body; the belly (Cant); ‘To comfort the quarron’, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song); <span class='it'>Quaromes</span>, a body, Harman, Caveat, -p. 82. The same word as <span class='it'>carrion</span>, a carcass; ‘Old feeble carrions’, Jul. -Caesar, ii. 1. 130. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quart,</span></span> quarter, fourth part. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10.14. L. <span class='it'>quartus</span>, fourth.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quart d’écu;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cardecu'>cardecu</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quartile,</span></span> a quartile aspect, a quadrature, denoting the position of two -planets which are 90 degrees apart. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, chap. -xxxvi, st. 12; Dryden, Palamon, i. 500.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quass,</span></span> to drink copiously. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 87. Low -G. <span class='it'>quasen</span>, <span class='it'>quassen</span>, to devour, swallow (Lübben).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quat,</span></span> a pimple; <span class='it'>fig.</span> applied contemptuously to a young person. -Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); Othello, v. 1. 11. ‘Quat’, -meaning a pimple, is in prov. use in the Midlands, also in Hants. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quat,</span></span> to oppress. Lyly, Euphues, p. 44. In prov. use in Wilts. and -Somerset, meaning to squeeze, crush, see EDD. (s.v. Quat, vb. 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quat,</span></span> the act or state of squatting. A hunted leveret is ‘put to the -dead quat’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 31).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quaternion,</span></span> a set of four. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (Cupid); -Milton, P. L. v. 181; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Acts xii. 4. L. <span class='it'>quaternio</span> (Vulgate).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quayd,</span></span> quieted, appeased; ‘Therewith his sturdie courage soone was -quayd’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 14. See <span class='bold'><a href='#accoy'>accoy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queach,</span></span> a dense growth of bushes, a thicket. Golding, Ovid’s Metam. -i. 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xix. 610; id., Hymn to Pan; Coote’s -English Schoolemaster; Howell, Londinop. 382; <span class='it'>queachie</span>, bushy, Golding, -Metam., To Reader. See Nares. An E. Anglian word for a small plantation -of trees or bushes, a ‘spinney’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>queche</span>, a dense growth -of bushes (Merlin, ed. Wheatley, iii. 540).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queachy,</span></span> swampy, boggy; ‘Queachy fens’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 396; iv. -65; xvii. 384; <span class='it'>quechy</span>, Heywood, Brazen Age, ii. 2 (Wks. iii. 190). -‘Queechy’ is in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Queachy, adj.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queam;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#queme'>queme</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='queat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queat,</span></span> ‘quiet’; ‘Be <span class='it'>queat</span>’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, c. 6, st. 73; -bk. iii, ch. 14, st. last but one. Not uncommon. See <span class='bold'><a href='#unqueat'>unqueat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queave,</span></span> to palpitate; ‘I left him <span class='it'>queaving</span> and quick’ (i.e. palpitating -and alive), Puttenham, Arte of E. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19 (ed. Arber, p. 223); -‘Quycke and queaving’, life and palpitation, Gascoigne, Grief of Joy -(ed. Hazlitt, ii. 289). See NED. (s.v. Quave).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='queazy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queazy,</span></span> squeamish, fastidious, nice. Dryden, Epil. to Don Sebastian, -16; spelt <span class='it'>quaisie</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 40); <span class='it'>queasie</span>, unsettling -the stomach, causing nausea, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 44); ‘Quaisy as meate -or drinke is, <span class='it'>dangereux</span>’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quebas,</span></span> the name of an obsolete card-game. Etherege, She Would -if she Could, iii. 3 (Lady Cockwood). Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queching;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#quetch'>quetch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quecke,</span></span> a knock, a whack; ‘If I fall, I catch a <span class='it'>quecke</span>, I may fortune -to break my neck’, Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 8. Not -found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queest;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#woodquist'>woodquist</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='queint'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queint,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> quenched. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; ‘The coals . . . that be -quent’, Sir T. Wyatt (Wks., ed. Bell, p. 200). ME. <span class='it'>queynt</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> -2321), pp. of <span class='it'>quenche</span>, to quench (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. 846). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quellio,</span></span> a Spanish collar or neck-band. Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 -(Guzman); <span class='it'>quellio ruff</span>, a Spanish ruff, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4 (Luke). -Span. <span class='it'>cuello</span>, neck, collar, ruff (Stevens); L. <span class='it'>collum</span>, neck.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quelquechose,</span></span> a delicacy; the same word as <span class='it'>kickshaws</span>. Marston, -Malcontent, i. 1. 161 (Malevole); ‘<span class='it'>Fricandeaux</span>, short, skinless, and dainty -puddings, or Quelkchoses, made of good flesh and herbs chopped together, -then rolled up into the form of Liverings, &c., and so boiled’, Cotgrave. -F. <span class='it'>quelque chose</span>, something. See Dict. (s.v. Kickshaws).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='queme'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>queme,</span></span> to please. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 15; <span class='it'>queam</span>, pleasure, -Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, ch. 60, st. 32. ME. <span class='it'>queme</span>, to please -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 695); <span class='it'>queme</span>, pleasure, satisfaction (Cursor M. -1064); see Dict. M. and S. OE. <span class='it'>cwēman</span>, <span class='it'>gecwēman</span>, to please.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quent;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#queint'>queint</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quere,</span></span> the ‘choir’ of a church. Morte Arthur, leaf 430*, back, 22; -bk. xxi, c. 12; Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 396. ‘Queer’ is in prov. use for -choir in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>quere</span>, <span class='it'>queer</span> (Wyclif, Ps. lii. 1; -cl. 4). Norm. F. <span class='it'>quers</span>, nom.; <span class='it'>cuer</span>, acc., ‘chœur’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. -Choir).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>querke:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to have the querke of the sea</span> (?), Harrison, Desc. of England, -bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 310).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>querpo:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in querpo</span>, in a close-fitting dress or doublet, without -a cloak; ‘To walk the streets in querpo’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. 2; -cp. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 201. Span. <span class='it'>en cuerpo</span>, lit. ‘in the body’; hence, -half dressed. See Stanford (s.v. Cuerpo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cuerpo'>cuerpo</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>querre, at the,</span></span> (probably) on the cross, at a cross-stroke; ‘<span class='it'>Sir Francis.</span> -My hawk killed too. <span class='it'>Sir Charles.</span> Ay, but ’twas at the querre, Not at the -mount, like mine’, Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3. Cp. Low G. <span class='it'>vor queer</span>, -across. See Dict. (s.v. Queer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>querry,</span></span> an ‘equerry’. Beaumont and Fl., Noble Gentleman, v. 1 -(Marine); ‘<span class='it'>Querries</span>, Persons that are conversant in the Queen’s Stables; -and have charge of her Horses’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See Dict. (s.v. Equerry).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quest,</span></span> to seek after, search about, like a dog after game. Otway, -Soldier’s Fortune, iv. 3. 2. Also, to give tongue, like a hound at the sight -of game, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Townshead). ‘To quest’ is -in prov. use in various parts of England, of dogs in the sense of seeking -for game, and of breaking out into a bark at the sight of the quarry; see -EDD. F. <span class='it'>quester</span>, ‘to quest, hunt; to open, as a dog that seeth, or findeth -of his game’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quest,</span></span> an inquiry; a body of men summoned to hold an inquiry. -Gascoigne, Works, i. 37; ‘Crowner’s quest law’, Hamlet, v. 1. 24. See -Dict. (s.v. Inquest).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quest-house,</span></span> the house at which the inquests in a ward or parish -were commonly held, the chief watch-house in a parish. Middleton, -Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (W. Camlet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>questmongers,</span></span> men who made a business of conducting inquiries, -Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 192). ME. <span class='it'>questmongeres</span> (P. Plowman, -B. xix. 367).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>questuary,</span></span> profitable, money-making. Middleton, Family of Love, -v. 1 (Glister); Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 13, § 4. L. <span class='it'>quaestuarius</span>, -relating to gain; <span class='it'>quaestus</span>, gain.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quetch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quetch, quitch,</span></span> to move, stir, wince; ‘He dare nat quytche’, Palsgrave; -‘The Lads of Sparta of Ancient Time were wont to be Scourged -upon the Altar of Diana, without so much as Queching’, Bacon, Essay 39; -‘He could not move, nor quich at all’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 38; ‘They dare -not queatche’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. ME. <span class='it'>quytchyn</span>, ‘moveo’ -(Prompt.); OE. <span class='it'>cweccan</span>, ‘movere’ (Matt. xxvii. 39).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quibible,</span></span> (perhaps) a pipe or whistle; ‘Time . . . to pype in a quibyble’, -Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 389.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quiblin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quiblin,</span></span> a trick. Eastward Ho, iii. (1 <span class='it'>or</span> 2) (Security); B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iv. 1 (end); ‘A quirk or a quiblin’, id., Barth. Fair, i. 1 -(Littlewit); id., Alchemist, iv. 4. 728 (Face). See Dict. (s.v. Quibble).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quich;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#quetch'>quetch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quiddit,</span></span> a subtle shift, law-trick. Hamlet, v. 1. 107 (fol.); Heywood, -The Fair Maid, v. 2. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quiddle,</span></span> to trifle, to discourse in a trifling way; ‘Set out your bussing -base, and we will quiddle upon it’, Damon and Pithias; in Hazlitt, iv. 81. -In common prov. use from Worc. to Cornwall in the sense of acting in a -fussy manner about trifles; see EDD. (s.v. Quiddle, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quight;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#quite'>quite</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quile;</span></span> see <a href='#quoil'><span class='bold'>quoil</span>(<span class='bold'>e</span></a><span class='bold'>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quillet,</span></span> a sly trick, cavil. L. L. L. iv. 3. 288; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iv. 1. 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quillity,</span></span> a quibble, cavil. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 75. Cp. Ital. -<span class='it'>quilità</span>, <span class='it'>quillità</span>, ‘a quillity’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quinch,</span></span> to stir, to wince, flinch, start. Spenser, View of the State of -Ireland, p. 670, col. 1 (Globe edition). <span class='it'>Not a quinch</span>, not a start, not a jot, -‘I care not a quinche’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 28.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quintell;</span></span> ‘A Quintaine or Quintell, a game in request at marriages, -when Jac and Tom, Dic, Hob and Will, strive for the gay garland’, Minsheu, -Ductor; Herrick, A Pastorall Sung to the King, 4; <span class='it'>quintil</span>, Quarles, -Sheph. Orac. vi (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quip,</span></span> to taunt. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; to assail with sarcasm, Greene, -Verses from Cicero, 5, ed. Dyce, p. 311; to be sarcastic, Lyly, Euphues -(ed. Arber, p. 206).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quire,</span></span> a throng, company. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 48. See <span class='bold'><a href='#quere'>quere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quirily,</span></span> quiveringly (?). Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 220. Not -found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quit,</span></span> to requite. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 5); Beaumont -and Fl., v. 1 (Antinous). See <span class='bold'><a href='#quite'>quite</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quitch;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#quetch'>quetch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quite'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quite, quight,</span></span> to free, release. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 10; to repay, -requite, id., i. 10. 67; <span class='it'>quite</span>, id., i. 1. 30; i. 8. 26, 27; i. 10. 15, 37. ME. -<span class='it'>quyte</span>, to requite, repay (Chaucer); see Dict. M. and S. Med. L. <span class='it'>quietare</span>, -<span class='it'>quitare</span>, ‘pacificare, dimittere’; <span class='it'>quietus</span>, <span class='it'>quitus</span>, ‘absolutus, liber’ (Ducange).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>quite-claim,</span> to acquit, free. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 14.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quittance,</span></span> to requite, repay. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 14; Greene, Orl. Fur. -ii. 1 (499); Sacripant (p. 95, col. 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quitter-bone,</span></span> an ulcer on the coronet of a horse’s foot. B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘<span class='it'>Sete</span>, the quitter-bone; a round and hard -swelling upon the cornet (between the heel and quarter) of a horse’s foot’, -(Cotgrave).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quitture,</span></span> a purulent discharge from a wound or sore. Chapman, tr. -of Iliad, xiv. 7; xxiv. 374. ME. <span class='it'>quytere</span> (Wyclif, Job ii. 8); <span class='it'>whytowre</span> -(Prompt.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>quyture</span> (Bozon), OF. <span class='it'>cuiture</span>, smarting, matter from -a boil; <span class='it'>cuire</span>, to smart, lit. to cook, roast, &c.; L. <span class='it'>coquere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quiver,</span></span> active, quick, rapid. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 301; Turbervile, The -Lover to Cupid, st. 18; <span class='it'>quiverly</span>, actively, Gillespie, Eng. Pop. Cerem. -(NED.). OE. <span class='it'>cwiferlīce</span>, actively.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quoil'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quoil</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> a noisy disturbance, a ‘coil’. R. Harvey, Pl. Perc. (ed. 1860, -p. 30); Culpepper, Eng. Physic, 255; <span class='it'>quile</span>, Lord Cromwell, i. 1. 7. See -NED. (s.v. Coil, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quondam,</span></span> once upon a time; hence, one who has formerly held an -office, one who has ceased to perform duties; ‘He wyll haue euerye man -a quondam as he is; as for my quondamshyp’, &c, Latimer, 4 Sermon -bef. King, ed. Arber, p. 108. L. <span class='it'>quondam</span>, formerly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quook,</span></span> quaked; <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> of <span class='it'>quake</span>. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 30. ME. <span class='it'>quok</span>, quaked -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1576); but the regular pt. t. is <span class='it'>quaked</span>(<span class='it'>e</span> (P. Plowman, -B. xviii. 246); OE. <span class='it'>cwacode</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>cwacian</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quote,</span></span> to note, set down in writing. L. L. L. ii. 246; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iv. 1 (Petronius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quoth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quoth, quoathe,</span></span> to faint; ‘He, quothing as he stood’, Golding, -Metam. v. 71; fol. 56 (1603); vii. 859; fol. 92. See <span class='bold'><a href='#coath'>coath</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quot-quean,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#cot-quean'>cot-quean</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='quoying'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>quoying,</span></span> ‘coying’, blandishing; ‘Were they living to heare our newe -quoyings . . . they would tearme it (the old wooing) foolish’ (Lyly, -Euphues, ed. Arber, 277). See <span class='bold'><a href='#coy'>coy</a>.</span></p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='R'>R</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rabate'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rabate, rabbate,</span></span> to rebate, remit, take away; ‘I rabate a porcyon’, -Palsgrave, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, ch. 25 (ed. Arber, p. 310); -<span class='it'>rabbate</span>, diminution, Puttenham, iii. ch. 11; p. 173. F. ‘<span class='it'>rabatre</span>, to abate, -remit, give back’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rebate2'>rebate</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rabbit-sucker,</span></span> a very young rabbit; one that still sucks. 1 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 480; Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 (Sir Tophas).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rabbling,</span></span> disorderly; ‘Rabbling wretch!’, Appius and Virginia, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rablement,</span></span> a rabble, noisy crowd. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>race,</span></span> to rase, scrape. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 108, 118; Chapman, -tr. of Iliad, iv. 158; to tear, to tear away, Morte Arthur, leaf 36, back, 1; -bk. i, c. 23; to slash, tear violently, id., leaf 119, back, 22; bk. vii, c. 17; -to erase, to alter a writing by erasure, ‘This indenture is raced’, Palsgrave. -See NED. (s.v. Race, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rache;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ratch'>ratch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rack,</span></span> a neck of mutton. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Lyly, -Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Dromio); How a Man may choose, iii. 3 (Aminadab). -In prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rack,</span></span> a mass of driving clouds. Hamlet, ii. 3. 506. Also, as vb., to -drift, to move as a driving cloud; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 27; Edw. III, ii. 1. 4; -Dryden, Three Political Prologues, ii. 33.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rack,</span></span> to move quickly; said of deer and horses; ‘His rain-deer, racking -with proud and stately pace’, Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory (ed. -Dyce, p. 562). Cp. Swed. dial. <span class='it'>rakka</span>, to go quickly, to run hither and -thither (Rietz).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rack and manger, at,</span></span> with plenty of food, in the midst of abundance, -in luxury; ‘Kept at rack and manger’, Warner, Alb. England, -bk. viii, ch. 41, st. 46. The phrase, ‘To live at rack and manger’ (i.e. to -live with heedless extravagance), is in common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. -Rack, sb.<sup>5</sup> 16 (2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rad'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rad,</span></span> agreed upon after consultation; ‘Which judgement strayt was -rad’, Mirror for Mag., Northfolke, st. 21. Pp. of <span class='it'>rede</span>, to take counsel together. -See NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.<sup>1</sup> 5). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rede'>rede</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raft,</span></span> reft, bereft. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 14. See NED. (s.v. -Reave, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ragman-roll,</span></span> a list, catalogue; ‘I did what I cowde Apollo to rase -out of her ragman rollis’, Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 1490. ME. <span class='it'>rolle of ragman</span>, -a catalogue, Towneley Myst. xxx. 224; <span class='it'>rageman</span>, the name of a game of -chance played with a written roll having strings attached to the various -items contained in it, one of which the player selected or ‘drew’ at -random; see Gower, C. A. viii. 2379, and the interesting note by G. C. -Macaulay; <span class='it'>rageman</span>, the name given to a statute (4 Edward I), appointing -justices to hear and determine complaints of injuries done within 25 -years previous; see NED. (s.v. Ragman, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ragmans rew,</span></span> a rhapsody, rigmarole; ‘A ragmans rewe . . . So do -we call a long jeste that railleth on any persone by name’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., 245; a list, ‘Ragmanrew, <span class='it'>series</span>’, Levins, Manip.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rahate,</span></span> ‘to rate’, scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, §§ 22, 34.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raile, rayle,</span></span> to roll, flow, trickle. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 43; ii. 8. 37; -Visions of Bellay, 155; Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, iv. 74.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>railed,</span></span> fastened in a row; ‘Railed in ropes, like a team of horses in -a cart’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 130); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, -iii. 1 (Oxford). OF. <span class='it'>reiller</span>; L. <span class='it'>regulare</span>, to put in order.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rain, rean,</span></span> a furrow between the ridges in a field. Spelt <span class='it'>raine</span>, Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 13. 7; <span class='it'>rayne</span>, id., 7. 20; <span class='it'>reane</span>, id., 21. 15. In -general prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Rean). Icel. <span class='it'>rein</span>, a narrow strip of -land, esp. one left unploughed between fields.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raine, rayne,</span></span> realm, dominion; also region. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 28; -id., iii. 4. 49; vi. 2. 9. See Dict. (s.v. Reign).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rakehell,</span></span> a thorough scoundrel; a debauchee or rake; ‘The King of -rake-hells’, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165); ‘<span class='it'>Vaultneant</span>, <span class='it'>pendart</span>, -<span class='it'>pendereau</span>, a rakehel, a rascal that wil be hangd’, Nomenclator, 1585 -(Nares); ‘<span class='it'>Pendard</span>, a rake-hell, crack-rope, gallow-clapper’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rakel,</span></span> impetuous, headstrong; ‘Rakyl, <span class='it'>insolens</span>’, Levins, Manip.; -‘Rackle’ (or ‘Rakel’) is in common prov. use in the north country in the -sense of rash, violent, headstrong (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>rakel</span>, rash, hasty (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. i. 1067; iii. 1437).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ramage,</span></span> said of hawks: having left the nest and begun to fly from -branch to branch; hence, wild, untamed, shy; said also of animals and -persons; ‘Take a sperhauke ramage’, Caxton, G. de la Tour, A viii (NED.); -Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 10. Norm. F. <span class='it'>ramage</span>, ‘sauvage, -farouche’ (Moisy); Rom. type, <span class='it'>ramaticum</span>, deriv. of L. <span class='it'>ramus</span>, a branch.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ramp,</span></span> a bold vulgar girl. Middleton and Dekker, Roaring Girl, iii. 3 -(Trapdoor); Cymbeline, i. 6. 134; Lyly, Sapho, iii. 2 (Song).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ramp,</span></span> to creep or crawl on the ground; see NED. ME. <span class='it'>rampe</span>: ‘A litel -Serpent . . . Which rampeth’ (Gower, C. A. vi. 2230). F. <span class='it'>ramper</span>, ‘to creep, -crawl’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ramp3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ramp,</span></span> to raise the forepaws in the air (usually said of lions); ‘A -rampynge and roarynge lyon’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 13 (so in -Prayer Book); ‘The ramping lion’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 2. 13. ME. <span class='it'>rampe</span>; -‘He goth rampende as a leoun’ (Gower, C. A. vii. 2573). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>ramper</span>; -‘lioun rampant’ (Gower, Mirour, 2267). See <span class='bold'><a href='#raump'>raump</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rampallian,</span></span> a ruffian, scoundrel; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., -Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Orleans); City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -xi. 197; applied to a woman, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 65; S. Rowlands, Greenes -Ghost (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rampier,</span></span> a ‘rampart’, protecting bank of earth. Bacon, Henry VII -(ed. Lumby, p. 165). Hence, <span class='it'>rampired</span>, fortified, Timon, v. 4. 47. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rampion,</span></span> a species of bell-flower, <span class='it'>Campanula Rapunculus</span>. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 40. 12; Drayton, Pol. xx. 60. F. <span class='it'>raiponce</span>, ‘rampions’ -(Cotgr.). The <span class='it'>s</span> of <span class='it'>rampions</span> has been taken for the plural <span class='it'>s</span>, and accordingly -dropped.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ranch,</span></span> to tear, to cut. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 856; Drayton, tr. of -Aeneid, xi. 1184. ‘Ranch’ in E. Anglia means to scratch deeply and -severely (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rand,</span></span> a strip or slice of meat; ‘Rands and sirloins’, Fletcher, Wildgoose -Chase, v. 2 (Belleur); ‘<span class='it'>Giste de bœuf</span>, a rand of beef, a longe and -fleeshy peece, cut out from between the flanke and buttock’ (Cotgrave). -Still in use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Rand, sb.<sup>1</sup> 6).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='randon1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>randon:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>at randon</span>, with rushing force. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 7; -Shep. Kal., May, 46. OF. <span class='it'>randon</span>, force, impetuosity, the swiftness of a -violent stream; hence F. <span class='it'>aller à grand randon</span>, ‘to go very fast’ (Cotgr.). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#raundon'>raundon</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>randon,</span></span> to go about at will. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Arostus); ii. -chorus, 2. F. ‘<span class='it'>randonner</span>, to run swiftly, violently’ (Cotgr.); see H. Estienne, -Précellence, 187.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rangle,</span></span> to rove, to wander. Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 36; Turbervile, -The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 2. Cp. the Somerset phrase ‘a -rangle common’, see EDD. (s.v. Rangle, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rank,</span></span> strongly, furiously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6; iv. 5. 33. In Cheshire -a wasp’s nest is said to be ‘rank’, where the wasps are numerous and -angry (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>rank</span>, froward (Havelok, 2561). OE. <span class='it'>ranc</span>, renders the -Vulgate ‘protervum’ (Ælfric, Deut. xxi. 18).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ranpick,</span></span> partially decayed, bare of leaves. Drayton, Pol. ii. 205; -Barnfield, Affect. Sheph. 27 (NED.). In Cheshire ‘rampick’ (in Warw. -‘ranpike’) means a tree beginning to decay at the top; a young tree -stripped of boughs and bark (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rap,</span></span> to affect with rapture, to transport, ravish with joy. Cymbeline, -i. 6. 51; B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, i. 1. A back-formation -from <span class='bold'><a href='#rapt1'>rapt</a></span> (1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rap and rend,</span></span> to snatch up and seize, to take by force, acquire. -Dryden, Prol. to Disappointment, 54; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 789; <span class='it'>rappe and -rende</span>, Roy, Rede Me (ed. Arber, 74). ME. <span class='it'>rape and renne</span> (Chaucer, C. T. -<span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1422). See EDD. (s.v. Rap, vb.<sup>3</sup> (1) and (5)), and Dict. (s.v. Rap, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rapt1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rapt,</span></span> caught up (like Elijah). Milton, P. L. iii. 522; vii. 23; affected -with ecstasy, Macbeth, i. 3. 57 (and 142); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 6. L. <span class='it'>raptus</span>, -seized, snatched.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rapt,</span></span> to carry away, to transport, enrapture. Daniel, Civil War, vii. -96; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 411; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 84; Sylvester, -Du Bartas, ii. 4. 1. The verb is formed from the pp., see above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rapture,</span></span> the act of carrying off as prey or plunder; ‘Spite of all the -rapture of the sea’, Pericles, ii. 1. 161; the condition of being carried -onward, ‘Our Ship . . . ’gainst a Rocke . . . her keele did dash With headlong -rapture’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xiv. 428; the act of carrying off -a woman, Dekker, Fortunatus (Wks., ed. 1873, i. 151).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rare'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rare,</span></span> early. ‘Rare and late’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 422. Still in -prov. use in the south and south-west counties, see EDD. adj.<sup>2</sup>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rear1'>rear</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rascal,</span></span> a lean deer not fit to hunt. As You like It, iii. 3. 58; Beaumont -and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph); Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 28; p. 73. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rash,</span></span> to strike like a boar, with a glancing stroke, to tear with violence. -B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Fastidious Brisk); Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 2. 17. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rash,</span></span> to tear, pull, drag. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 826; Dryden, -tr. of Aeneid, ix. 1094. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ratch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ratch,</span></span> a dog that hunts by scent. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 592. Still -in use in the north country, see EDD. sb.<sup>4</sup>. ME. <span class='it'>ratche</span>, hownde, odorinsecus’ -(Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>ræce</span> (B. T.); related to Icel. <span class='it'>rakki</span>, a dog.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ratches,</span></span> a mass of scudding clouds; ‘From all the heauen the ratches -flies’, Phaer, Aeneid v, 821 (L. <span class='it'>nimbi</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rathe,</span></span> early; ‘The rathe morning’, Drayton, Robert, Duke of Normandy, -8; Milton, Lycidas, 142; ‘The rather lambs’ (i.e. the lambs born -in the earlier part of the year), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 83; <span class='it'>rathe</span>, soon, -id., Dec, 98; ‘All to rathe’ (all too soon). Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover -waileth (Wks., ed. Bell, 98). Still in use in various parts of the British -Isles (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>rathe</span>, early, soon; <span class='it'>rather</span>, sooner, more willingly -(Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>hræð</span>, quick, <span class='it'>hraðe</span>, quickly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raught,</span></span> reached; <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> and <span class='it'>pp.</span> of <span class='it'>to reach</span>. L. L. L. iv. 2. 41; Hen. V, -iv. 6. 21; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 43. Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Reach, -vb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='raump'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raump,</span></span> to ramp, rear up; said of a lion. Morte Arthur, leaf 170. -30; bk. ix, c. 1. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ramp3'>ramp</a></span> (3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='raundon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raundon,</span></span> force, violence, impetuosity, great haste. Morte Arthur, -leaf 55. 37; bk. iii, c. 9; id., leaf 338. 15; bk. xvi, c. 8. See <span class='bold'><a href='#randon1'>randon</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raven:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>raven’s bone</span>, the gristle on the ‘spoon’ of the brisket of -a deer; given to the crows. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). Also -called <span class='it'>raven’s morsel</span>, Turbervile, Hunting, 42. 129.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ravin,</span></span> to snatch with violence, to devour greedily; Meas. for M. i. -2. 133; Cymbeline, i. 6. 49; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xlix. 27; Ps. xvii. 12, margin; -‘<span class='it'>Rapinare</span>, to ravin, to rob, to snatch’ (Florio); <span class='it'>raven</span>, to have a ravenous -appetite for, Dryden, Hind and P., iii. 964; id., Wild Gallant, iv. 2; <span class='it'>ravine</span>, -prey, booty, ‘The Lion . . . filled his holes with pray, and his dens with -ravine’, Nahum ii. 12 (Vulgate, <span class='it'>rapina</span>); ravenous, ‘I met the ravin lion’, -All’s Well, iii. 2. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Raven, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ray,</span></span> ‘array’, due order. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 50; v. 11, 34; an array, -line, rank, ‘Thirteen rayes of horsemen’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, -§ 5. See Dict. (s.v. Array).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ray,</span></span> to defile. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 40; vi. 4. 23; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54. -For <span class='it'>araye</span>; ‘I araye or fyle with myer, <span class='it'>j’emboue</span>’, Palsgrave. ‘Ray’ is -still in use in Lanc. and Yorks. in this sense, cp. the proverb, ‘It’s an -ill bird that rays its own nest.’</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ray, cloth of,</span></span> a kind of striped cloth. Peele, Edw. I. (ed. Dyce, p. 390, -col. 2). Cp. F. <span class='it'>raie</span>, a streak, stripe; O. Prov. <span class='it'>rega</span>, ‘sillon’ (Levy); Med. L. -<span class='it'>riga</span>, a stripe, <span class='it'>rigatus</span>, striped (Ducange). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rockray'>rockray</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rayon,</span></span> a ray, beam. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, Pt. II, st. 2, 1. 7. F. -<span class='it'>rayon</span>, a ray.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>raze,</span></span> to slash, slit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 288; Turbervile, Trag. T., 279 -(NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>read;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#rede'>rede</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reading,</span></span> advice. Field, Woman a Weathercock, i. 1 (Nevill). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#rede'>rede</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ready:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to make ready</span>, to dress oneself; ‘You made yourself half -ready in a dream’, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella); ‘She -must do nothing of herself, not eat . . . make her ready, unready, Unless -he bid her’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#unready'>unready</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='reaks'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reaks, reeks,</span></span> pranks, riotous practices. Gascoigne, Looks of a Lover -forsaken, 13 (Works, i. 49); Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown); -Urquhart’s Rabelais, iii. 2; ‘<span class='it'>Faire le Diable de Vauvert</span>, to play monstrous -reaks’, Cotgrave (s.v. Diable); ‘The heart of man in prayer is most bent -to play reakes in wandering from God’, Boyd, Last Battel, 731 (Jamieson). -‘Reak’ (or ‘reik’) is an old Scottish word for a trick or prank. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rex'>rex</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>re-allie,</span></span> to form (plans) again. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 23.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>realm,</span></span> region; pron. like <span class='it'>ream</span> (of paper), and quibbled upon. B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum. v (Clement); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 -(Ithamore).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='reame'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reame,</span></span> a kingdom, realm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53; iv. 8. 45; Daniel, -Civil Wars, i. 82; <span class='it'>reme</span>, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 156. ME. <span class='it'>reame</span> (P. -Plowman, A. v. 146); <span class='it'>reme</span> (Chaucer), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>realme</span> (Rough List); see -Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Rewme).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reaming,</span></span> stretching out in threads; ‘Reaming wooll’, Herrick, -Widdowes Teares, st. 5. Cp. ‘reamy’, stringy, used of bread, in the west -country, see EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.<sup>2</sup> 6 (2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rear1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rear,</span></span> early. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Lolpoop). A Kentish -pronunciation of <span class='it'>rare</span>. See EDD. (s.v. Rare, adj. 2). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rare'>rare</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rear,</span></span> insufficiently cooked. Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 21. In -gen. prov. use in England and America (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>hrēr</span>, half-cooked, -underdone (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reare,</span></span> to lift; hence, to carry off, take away. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 6. -Also, to direct upwards, Milton, P. R. ii. 285.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reasty,</span></span> rancid, esp. used of bacon which has become yellow and -strong-tasting through bad curing. <span class='it'>Reastie</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 2. -OF. <span class='it'>resté</span>, that which is left over, hence, stale, cp. Bibbesworth, in T. Wright’s -Vocab., 155: <span class='it'>chars restez</span> = E. <span class='it'>resty flees</span> (i.e. reasty flesh). <span class='it'>Reasty</span> is still in -general prov. use in England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebate,</span></span> to beat back. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 87; iii. 2 (884); p. 90, -col. 2; p. 101, col. 1. F. <span class='it'>rabatre</span> (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rebate2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebate,</span></span> to blunt. Meas. for M. i. 4. 60; Otway, Don Carlos, iii. 1 -(King); Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiv. 585; Dryden, Pal. and Arc. iii. 502. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#rabate'>rabate</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebato, rabato,</span></span> a collar-band, or ruff, which turned back upon the -shoulders. Much Ado, iii. 4. 6; Dekker, Satiromastix (Works, 1873, -i. 186); B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Phantaste); ‘<span class='it'>Porte-fraise</span>, a -Rebato or supporter for a Ruffe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611). <span class='it'>Rebato-wire</span>, a wire -for stiffening a ‘rebato’, Yorkshire Tragedy, i. 32; Heywood, A Woman -killed, v. 2. 8. F. <span class='it'>rabat</span>, ‘a Rabatoe for a woman’s ruff, also, a falling band’ -(Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebeck,</span></span> an early form of the fiddle. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, -§ 11; Milton, L’Allegro, 94. O. Prov. <span class='it'>rebec</span>, also <span class='it'>rebeb</span> (Levy). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebeck,</span></span> to beckon back, recall, reclaim; said of a hawk. Heywood, -A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rebelling,</span></span> a ‘ravelin’ (in a quibble). Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 -(Clown). Span. <span class='it'>rebellin</span>, a ‘ravelin’ in fortification (Stevens). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reboil,</span></span> to bubble up again. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § 10; -<span class='it'>reboyled</span>, made to boil again; Skelton (ed. Dyce, vol. i, p. 209). F. ‘<span class='it'>rebouiller</span>, -to boil once more; <span class='it'>rebouillonner</span>, to bubble’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>rebullire</span>, -‘recandescere’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='receit'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>receit,</span></span> a place of refuge, alcove. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 413; -recess, haven, id., x. 122; a recess, place of ambush; Bacon, Hen. VII -(ed. Lumby, p. 154). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>recet</span>, place of resort (Rough List); O. Prov. -<span class='it'>recet</span>, ‘lieu où l’on se retire, retraite’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>receptum</span> (Ducange). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#recheat'>recheat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rechate,</span></span> the calling together of the hounds in hunting. Malory, -Arthur, x. 52. As vb., to blow a ‘rechate’, to call together the hounds. -Drayton, Pol. xiii. 122; Turbervile, Hunting, xl. 114 (NED.). OF. <span class='it'>rachater</span> -(<span class='it'>racheter</span>); L. <span class='it'>re</span> + Med. L. <span class='it'>accaptare</span> (Ducange); see NED. (s.v. Achate, vb.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='recheat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recheat,</span></span> the series of notes sounded on the horn for calling the hounds -together, Much Ado, i. 1. 251; Davenant, Gondibert, ii. 37. Anglo-F. -and OF. (Picard), <span class='it'>rechet</span>, a retreat, hence, a note of retreat; O. Prov. <span class='it'>recet</span>, -‘retraite’ (Levy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#receit'>receit</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='recheles'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recheles,</span></span> reckless, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 7. 8. OE. <span class='it'>reccelēas</span>. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#retchless'>retchless</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rechlessness,</span></span> carelessness, recklessness, B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, -iv. 1; Article of Religion, 17 (in modern Prayer Books misspelt <span class='it'>wretchlessness</span>). -ME. <span class='it'>recchelesnesse</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 611).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reclaim,</span></span> to call back; <span class='it'>reclayme</span>, Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 9; a term in -falconry, ‘I reclayme a hauke of her wyldnesse’, Palsgrave; to tame, -Romeo, iv. 2. 47. Cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>reclame</span>, a Sohoe or Heylaw; a loud calling, -whooting or whooping, to make a Hawk stoop unto the Lure’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>record,</span></span> to sing, to warble; applied esp. to the singing of birds. Two -Gent. v. 4. 6; Pericles, iv, Gower; Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, -ii. 1; Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 4. As sb. = <span class='bold'><a href='#recorder'>recorder</a></span> (see below), Puttenham, -Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 142.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='recorder'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recorder,</span></span> a kind of flageolet or small flute, so named because birds -were taught to ‘record’ by it. Hamlet, iii. 2. 303. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recoure,</span></span> to regain, win again. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 25; ‘I recure, -I get agayne’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recoyle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#recule'>recule</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recrayed,</span></span> recreant; ‘He was a recrayd knyght’, Skelton, Against the -Scottes, Epilogue, 26; A Replicacion, 45. Norm. F. <span class='it'>recreire</span>, ‘se dédire’ -(Moisy); O. Prov. <span class='it'>se recreire</span>, ‘s’avouer vaincu’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>recredere</span>, to -surrender oneself, as being defeated (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recreance,</span></span> <span class='it'>Letters of Recreance</span>, Letter from the Earl of Sunderland to -Robert Harley, Dec. 31, 1705, see N. and Q. 11 S. vii. 505. F. ‘<span class='it'>Lettres de -récréance</span>, qui se dit, soit des lettres qu’un Prince envoie à son Ambassadeur, -pour les présenter au Prince d’auprès duquel il le rappelle; -soit des lettres que ce Prince donne à un Ambassadeur, afin qu’il les rende -à son retour au Prince qui le rappelle’, Dict. de l’Acad., 1762; ‘<span class='it'>Recreance</span>, -a restoral, restitution; also, a delivery of possession’ (Cotgr.). Cp. O. Prov. -<span class='it'>recrezensa</span>, ‘désistement’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='recule'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recule,</span></span> to retire, go back. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; ‘I recule, -I go back, <span class='it'>je recule</span>’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 47; Gascoigne, Fruites -of Warre, st. 108; <span class='it'>recoyle</span>, to retreat. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; <span class='it'>recuile</span>, id., -vi. 1. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Recoil).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recullisance,</span></span> a corrupt form of <span class='it'>recognisance</span>. Middleton, Mich. Term, -iii. 4 (Shortyard). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cullisen'>cullisen</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recure,</span></span> to restore to health and vigour. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 44; 9. 2; -10. 24; as sb., recovery, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 436; xviii. 60; Sackville, -Induction, st. 49. Hence, <span class='it'>recureless</span>, without recovery, not to be recovered -from, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 446; irrecoverable; Greene, James IV, -ii. 2 (987; Nano).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>recuyell,</span></span> a collection; ‘The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye’ (the -title of Caxton’s book); spelt <span class='it'>recule</span>, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1187. Also, -a reception, welcome, ‘The grete recuel that I have doon’, Caxton, Eneydos, -xviii. 66. F. ‘<span class='it'>recueil</span>, a collection, also, a reception, welcome’ (Cotgr.); -‘<span class='it'>recueil</span>, accueil’ (Estienne).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>red.</span></span> <span class='it'>Red lattice</span>, a lattice-window painted red, to distinguish an ale-house. -2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 86; cp. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 28.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rede'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rede, read,</span></span> to advise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; id., Mother Hub. 114; -to discern, estimate, to take for something, Spenser, Ruins of Time, 633; -id., F. Q. ii. 12. 70; vi. 2. 30. As sb. <span class='it'>rede</span>, counsel, advice. Hamlet, i. 3. -51. ME. <span class='it'>rede</span>, to advise; <span class='it'>reed</span>, <span class='it'>rede</span>, advice (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>rǣdan</span>; <span class='it'>rǣd</span> -(Sweet). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rad'>rad</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>redintegrate,</span></span> restored to a perfect state. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 42). L. <span class='it'>redintegratus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Red-shanks,</span></span> a name applied to the Gaelic inhabitants of the Scottish -Highlands and of Ireland, in allusion to the colour of the bare legs reddened -by exposure; ‘Scottes and Reddshankes’, Spenser, State Ireland -(Globe ed., 658, col. 2). [‘The red-shanks of Ireland’, Smollett, Humph. -Clinker (Davies).]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>redub, redoub,</span></span> to repair, amend, requite. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 7, § 2; ‘O gods, redub them vengeaunce just’, Phaer, tr. of Virgil, -bk. vi; Udall, tr. of Apoph., p. xvi, line 27; Socrates, § 47. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>redubber</span>, F. ‘<span class='it'>radouber</span>, to peece, mend’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reduce,</span></span> to bring back, recover. Shirley, Hyde Park, v. 1 (Mis. Carol); -Court Secret, i. 1 (Manuel); Sackville, Induction, st. 9; Hen. V, v. 2. 63; -Rich. III, v. 3. 36. L. <span class='it'>reducere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reek,</span></span> a rick, stack. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Dryden, -Meleager (from Ovid), l. 35. ‘Reek’ is the prov. pronunc. of rick in -many parts of England, as well as in Ireland (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>hrēac</span>, a hayrick.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reeke,</span></span> seaweed. Golding, Metam. xiv. 38 (L. <span class='it'>algae</span>). ME. <span class='it'>wreke</span>, of -the sea, ‘alga’ (Prompt.). Icel. <span class='it'>reki</span> (<span class='it'>vreki</span>), seaweed drifted ashore.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reere,</span></span> a loud noise, a shout. Golding, Metam. xiii. 876; fol. 165, l. 1 -(1603); ‘Such a reare of thunder fell’, Hudson, Du Bartas, Judith, ii -(NED. s.v. Rear). ME. <span class='it'>rere</span>, noise (R. Brunne, Chron. Wace, 10207). See -NED. (s.v. Reere).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reez’d,</span></span> rancid, as bacon. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 112. -ME. <span class='it'>reest</span>, as flesche, ‘rancidus’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Reesed).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>refel, refell,</span></span> to refute. Meas. for M. v. 1. 94; Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 -(Alex.). L. <span class='it'>refellere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reflect,</span></span> to turn back. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ix. 190. L. <span class='it'>reflectere</span> -(Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>refocillation,</span></span> a restorative. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Pen. B.). -L. <span class='it'>refocillare</span>, to warm into life again; often used in the Vulgate for the -reviving of the spirit: ‘Reversus est spiritus ejus, et refocillatus est’, -1 Reg. xxx. 12 (1 Sam. xxx. 12).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reformado,</span></span> a disbanded soldier; an officer left without a command -(owing to the ‘reforming’ or disbanding of his company), but retaining -his rank and receiving full or half pay; ‘A reformado saint’, Butler, -Hud. ii. 2. 116; ‘The reformado soldier’, id., ii. 2. 648; B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. Span. <span class='it'>reformado</span>, an officer on half-pay; from -<span class='it'>reformar</span>, to reduce in number; hence of troops, to discharge, disband (cp. -Calderon, El Alcalde de Zalamea, ii. 33). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>refuse me,</span></span> may God reject me; once a very fashionable oath; ‘These -wicked elder brothers, that swear refuse them’, Rowley, a Match at Midnight, -i. 1 (Tim); ‘God refuse me’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce, p. 7, col. 2 -(Flamineo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regals,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span>, a small portable organ with one or two sets of reed-pipes -played with one hand, while the other worked a small bellows. Puttenham, -Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Bacon, Sylva, § 172. Norm. F. <span class='it'>regales</span>, -‘espèce de petit orgue portatif’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regalo,</span></span> a dainty, a choice bit; ‘Servants laden with regalos and -delicate choice Dainties’, Mabbe, tr. Life of Guzman, i. 1. 2; ‘Their -markets are well furnish’d with all Provisions; witness their <span class='it'>Salsicce</span> only, -which are a <span class='it'>Regalo</span> for a Prince’, R. Lassels, Voy. Italy (ed. 1698, p. 101); -spelt (wrongly) <span class='it'>regalio</span>, Dryden, Wild Gallant, Epil., 12. Span. ‘<span class='it'>regálo</span>, -a dainty; also, loving and kind entertainment; <span class='it'>regalar</span>, to make much of, -to treat daintily’ (Stevens). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regiment,</span></span> rule, sway, dominion. Ant. and Cl. iii. 6. 95; Marlowe, -1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7. 19. ME. <span class='it'>regiment</span> (Gower, C. A. vii. 915, 1245, 1702). -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>regiment</span> (Gower, Mirour, 2615).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regorge,</span></span> to swallow back again. Dryden, Sigismonda, 186.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>regrater, regrator,</span></span> a retailer, retail dealer. <span class='it'>Regrators</span>, pl., North, -tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 15 (in Shak. Plut., p. 261); <span class='it'>regrators</span> of bread-corn, -Tatler, no. 118, § 10 (1709-10). ME. <span class='it'>regratere</span> (P. Plowman, C. iv. -82; see Notes, p. 61); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>regratier</span> and <span class='it'>regratour</span> (Rough List). -Med. L. <span class='it'>regratarius</span> and <span class='it'>regratator</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reguerdon,</span></span> requital, reward. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 170; to reward, -1 Hen. VI, iii. 4. 23. ME. <span class='it'>reguerdoun</span> (Gower, C. A. v. 2368, as vb., iii. -2716). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>reguerdon</span>, reward, <span class='it'>reguerdoner</span>, to reward (Gower, Balades, -xii. 2; xxiii. 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relate,</span></span> to bring back again. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 51.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relent,</span></span> to slacken; ‘He would relent his pace’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. -27; iii. 4. 49; iii. 7. 2; slackening, v. 7. 24; vi. 5. 20. F. ‘<span class='it'>ralentir</span>, to -slacken’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relent,</span></span> to melt, to dissolve into water; ‘Se howe this snowe begynneth -to relent agaynst the sonne’, Palsgrave; to become soft, Tusser, Husbandry, -63; to cause to melt, ‘Phebus dothe the snowe relente’, Hawes, -Conv. Swearers, xl; hence, <span class='it'>relentment</span>, dissolution, Sir T. Browne, Urn -Burial, i. § 7. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>se relenter</span>, to dissolve, melt (Gower, Mirour, 6603).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relide;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#rely'>rely</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>relief, releef,</span></span> a term in hunting, when the dogs follow a new and -unknown prey; ‘You must sound the releefe . . . your reliefe is your -sweetest note . . . when your hounds hunt after a game unknowne’, Return -from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). See Nares, and NED. (s.v. Relief, -sb.<sup>2</sup> 7c).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reliv’d,</span></span> recalled to life, reanimated. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 52; iii. 8. 3; -<span class='it'>relyv’d</span>, id., iii. 4. 35.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reluce, reluse,</span></span> to shine brightly. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 185. 12; -<span class='it'>reluysing</span>, brightness, id., leaf 225, back, 9. F. ‘<span class='it'>reluire</span>, to shine . . . <span class='it'>reluisant</span>, -shining, radiant’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rely'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rely,</span></span> to assemble, gather (soldiers) together, to rally; ‘He gathered -his troopes, . . . he relieth the rankes’, Heywood, tr. Sal. Jug. War, 50 -(NED.); ‘He caused them to stay and relie themselves’, Holinshed, Scot. -Chron. (NED.); to join oneself, ‘And Blandamour to Claribell relide’, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 26. ME. <span class='it'>rely</span>, to assemble, rally soldiers (Barbour, -Bruce, iii. 34). F. <span class='it'>relier</span>, to bind; L. <span class='it'>religare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reme,</span></span> to tear open; ‘Which seeme (as women use) to reme my hart, -Before I come to open all my smart’, Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 25. -‘Ream’ is in prov. use in the west country; EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2), cites -from Exmoor Scolding, 1746, ‘Chell ream my Heart to tha’ (i.e. I’ll open -my heart to thee). ME. <span class='it'>ryme</span>, to stretch (Wars Alex. 4931); OE. <span class='it'>rȳman</span>, to -make clear space, enlarge; <span class='it'>rūm</span>, space.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reme;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#reame'>reame</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remember,</span></span> to remind. Temp. i. 2. 243; Richard II, i. 3. 269; <span class='it'>reflex.</span>, -to remember, ‘Now I remember me’, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 286; Great Bible, -1539, Ps. xxii. 27.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remembrance,</span></span> memento, love-token; ‘This was her first remembrance -from the Moor’, Othello, iii. 3. 291; iii. 4. 186; <span class='it'>to put in remembrance</span>, -to remind, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah xliii. 26; 2 Peter i. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remerce,</span></span> to ransom by paying the fine; ‘From Owen’s jayle our cosin -we remerst’, Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, st. 11. Cp. <span class='it'>amerce</span>, to fine.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remercy,</span></span> to thank. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 16. F. <span class='it'>remercier</span>, to thank.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remonstrance,</span></span> a representation, resemblance; ‘A remonstrance of -this battle, Where flowers shall seem to fight’, Shirley, Imposture, i. 2 -(Flaviano). F. ‘<span class='it'>remonstrer</span>, to shew unto, or set before the eyes’, (Cotgr.); -O. Prov. <span class='it'>remostrar</span>, ‘montrer, démontrer’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remora,</span></span> the sucking-fish, <span class='it'>Echeneis remora</span>. Spenser, Vis. of World’s -Vanity, ix. 10; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, ii. 1 (Polish). L. <span class='it'>remora</span>, delay; -the ancients believed that this fish could stay a ship’s course by cleaving -to it.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remord,</span></span> to bite in return, to feel remorse; ‘His conscience remording -agayne the destruction of so noble a prince’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. ii, c. 5, § 11; to blame, rebuke, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 983. ME. <span class='it'>remorde</span>, -to afflict with remorse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 1491). Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>remordre</span>, to bite, devour, move to repentance (Gower, Mirour, 386, 6679, -10397).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>remorse,</span></span> sorrow, pity, compassion. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 6; Merch. -Ven. iv. 1. 20; Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, i. 1 (Constantius); -Milton, P. L. v. 566; regretful or remorseful remembrance of a thing, -Skelton, Knowledge, 29; <span class='it'>without remorse</span>, without intermission, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., Nov., 131; ‘Without any mitigation or remorse of voice’, -Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 98.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rendy,</span></span> a ‘rendezvous’; a place of meeting; ‘Th’ appointed rendy’, -Drayton, Pierce Gaveston. For F. <span class='it'>rendez-vous</span>, a subst. use of <span class='it'>rendez-vous</span>, -the 2nd pers. plur. imperative of <span class='it'>se rendre</span>, to present oneself (at a certain -place).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reneague,</span></span> to deny, renounce. Udall, Paraph. Luke, Pref. 12; to -make denial, King Lear, ii. 2. 84; to refuse, decline, Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, iii. 650. In common prov. use in Ireland and in England in the -west country (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renfierst,</span></span> made more fierce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 45.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renforst,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> reinforced himself, gathered his strength together. -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 14. As pp., forced again; id., ii. 10. 48.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renge,</span></span> a rank. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 13; lf. 230, back, 29; -‘Renge, <span class='it'>ranc</span>’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renge,</span></span> to range, arrange. Caxton, Hist. Troye, fol. 98. 26; ‘I renge, -or set in array, <span class='it'>je arrengie</span>’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renowme,</span></span> ‘renown’. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. vi. 4, ed. 1611; ‘A man of great -renowme, <span class='it'>Illustris vir</span>’, Baret, Alvearie; Chapman, Iliad xxii, 186; <span class='it'>renowmed</span>, -‘renowned’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah, xiv. 20; Ezek. xxiii. 23; Richard III, -i. 4. 49 (Qq.); ‘<span class='it'>Renommé</span>, renowmed, famous, of much note’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rense,</span></span> to ‘rinse’. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224. This is the -pronunc. of ‘<span class='it'>rinse</span>’ in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Rench). -See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rent,</span></span> to rend, tear. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 215; Macb. iv. 3. 168; ‘<span class='it'>I -rent</span>, I teare a thyng asonder’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>renverst,</span></span> turned upside down. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; v. 3. 37. -F. <span class='it'>renverser</span>, to reverse.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reny,</span></span> to deny, refuse. <span class='it'>Renide</span> (for <span class='it'>renied</span>), Mirror for Mag., Guidericus, -st. 22. See NED. (s.v. Renay, vb. 3). F. <span class='it'>renier</span>, to deny.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>repeat,</span></span> to seek again. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 257; Tyrannic -Love, iii (Berenice); Waller, Summer Islands, iii. 64. L. <span class='it'>repetere</span>, to -seek again.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>repent,</span></span> penance. Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 1 (1867); scene 14. 15 (W.); -p. 176, col. 1 (D.). Also, repentance, Greene, The Palmer’s Ode, 34 -(ed. Dyce, p. 295).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reprie, reprive,</span></span> to send back to prison, to remand; ‘They repryede -me to prison’, Heywood, Spider and Fly, lxxviii. 158; to reprieve, to -respite or rescue a person from impending punishment; esp. to delay the -execution of a condemned person, ‘I humbly crave your Majestie to . . . -my sonne reprive’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 31. First used in pp., <span class='it'>repryed</span>, -cp. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>repris</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>reprendre</span>, to take back.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>repriefe,</span></span> reproof. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; iii. 8. 1. ME. <span class='it'>repreve</span>, reproof -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2413). See <span class='bold'><a href='#priefe'>priefe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reprieve,</span></span> to blame, find fault with. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 21; ‘I repreve -one, <span class='it'>je reprouve</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>repreve</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>H.</span> 70); <span class='it'>reprevyn</span>, -‘reprehendo’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reprise, reprize,</span></span> reprisal, the act of taking something by way of -retaliation, Dryden, Hind and P. iii. 862. As vb., to take again, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 11. 44. F. <span class='it'>reprise</span>, a getting something back again.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>requile,</span></span> to ‘recoil’. Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 671.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>require,</span></span> to seek after. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 236; to ask, to -ask as a favour, Ant. and Cl. iii. 12. 12; Watson, Poems (ed. Arber, 159); -The Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxxviii. 16; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Sam. xii. 20. L. <span class='it'>requirere</span>. -See Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rescous,</span></span> rescue, assistance, aid. Hall, Chron. Hen. IV, 23 (NED.); -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 31; Spelt <span class='it'>rescousse</span>, Caxton, Jason, 39 b (NED.). -ME. <span class='it'>rescous</span>, rescue, help (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2643); OF. <span class='it'>rescousse</span>, ‘l’action -de délivrer un prisonnier que l’ennemi emmène’) (Didot). See Dict. -M. and S.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rescussing,</span></span> a rescuing. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, xxiii. 32 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resent,</span></span> to give off a scent, exhale an odour. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 221. -See NED. (s.v. Resent, vb. 10).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resiance,</span></span> a residence. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 119, 188); -Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 455, l. 7. See below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resiant;</span></span> ‘resident’, lodged, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 28; ‘Here <span class='it'>resiant</span> in -Rome’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 3 (Lentulus); <span class='it'>resyants</span>, pl., Oxford Records, -Dec., 1534 (ed. Turner, 123). Norm. F. <span class='it'>reseant</span>, ‘habitant’ (Moisy), L. -<span class='it'>residentem</span>, pres. pt. of <span class='it'>residere</span>, to sit down, to reside.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>residence,</span></span> that which settles as a deposit, a residuum. B. Jonson, -Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Rut).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resipiscency,</span></span> a return to a better mind, repentance. Sir T. Browne, -Letter to a Friend, § 41. L. <span class='it'>resipiscentia</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resolute,</span></span> decided, positive, final; ‘I expect now your resolute answer’, -Massinger, Picture, iv. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resolution,</span></span> certainty, positive knowledge. King Lear, i. 2. 108; a -fixed determination, Ford, Broken Heart, i. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resolve,</span></span> to dissolve, melt; ‘O! that this too too solid flesh would -melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew’, Hamlet, i. 2. 130; to free from -uncertainty, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 193; iv. 2. 226; to satisfy, Beaumont and -Fl., Laws of Candy, iv. 1 (Antinous).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>respasses,</span></span> raspberries. Herrick, To the most fair Mistris A. Soame, 20. -For <span class='it'>resp-es-es</span>, <span class='it'>rasp-es-es</span>, a double plural. ‘Rasp’ is in prov. use in various -parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>respective,</span></span> careful; ‘You should have been respective’, Merch. Ven. -v. 1. 156; worthy of respect, Two Gent. iv. 4. 200; <span class='it'>respectively</span>, respectfully, -with due respect, Timon, iii. 1. 8; Middleton, Five Gallants, ii. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resplendish,</span></span> to shine. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2, § 3. -OF. <span class='it'>resplendir</span>. See Croft’s note.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest,</span></span> a musket-rest; ‘His rest? why, has he a forked head?’, B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Puntarvolo); because the musket-rest -was semicircular; ‘Like a musket on a rest’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, -iv. 2 (Mis. O.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rest2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest,</span></span> ‘in primero, the stakes kept in reserve, which were agreed upon -at the beginning of the game, and upon the loss of which the game -terminated; the venture of such stakes’ (NED.); ‘The money he had -duly won upon a rest’, Cotton, Espernon, i. 4. 156; <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘When I cannot -live any longer, I will do as I may: That is my rest’, Hen. V, ii. 1. 17 -(Corporal Nym means, this is what I stand to win or lose). Phr. <span class='it'>to set up -one’s rest</span>, ‘to venture one’s final stake or reserve’ (NED.); hence, <span class='it'>fig.</span>, to -take a decisive resolution, to be determined, ‘I have set up my rest to run -away’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 110; ‘He that sets up his rest to do more -exploits’, Com. Errors, iv. 3. 27; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Alvarez); -to place one’s fixed aim in something, ‘He seems to set up his rest in this -plenty, and the neatness of his house’, Pepys, Diary, Jan. 19, 1663. See -Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest,</span></span> to ‘arrest’. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 11. 4 (Brainworm); -‘I reste as a sergente dothe a prisoner or his goodes, <span class='it'>je arreste</span>’, -Palsgrave. In common Scottish use, see EDD. (s.v. Rest, vb.<sup>2</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest,</span></span> a ‘wrest’, a pin for winding up the strings of a harp, &c. Skelton, -Magnyfycence, 137; <span class='it'>wrest</span>, to wind up, id., Colyn Cloute, 492.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rest-balk,</span></span> a ridge of land left unploughed between two furrows. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>resty,</span></span> inert, loath to move, sluggish, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 263; Cymbeline, -iii. 6. 34; <span class='it'>resty stiff</span>, Edward III, iii. 3. 161. The same word as ‘restive’ -(‘restiff’). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>restif</span> (Ch. Rol., 1256). See Trench, Select Glossary; -and Dict. (s.v. Restive).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='retchless'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retchless,</span></span> reckless, careless. Drayton, Pol. vi. 270; Sackville, Induction, -st. 46. See <span class='bold'><a href='#recheles'>recheles</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retire,</span></span> a retreat in war. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 54; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 21; -withdrawal from the world, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 27.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retrait, retrate,</span></span> picture, portrait; look, expression. Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 9. 4; ii. 3. 25. Cp. Span. and Port. <span class='it'>retrato</span>, a portrait, Ital. <span class='it'>ritratto</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retray,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex</span>, to draw back; ‘He retrayed him’, Morte Arthur, leaf 115, -back, 29; bk. vii, c. 12. F. <span class='it'>retraire</span>, ‘to withdraw, draw back’ (Cotgr.); -L. <span class='it'>retrahere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>retrieve:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to bring to the retrieve</span>, to make the hawk return to the -lure. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>revault;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#revolt'>revolt</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reverb,</span></span> to resound, re-echo. King Lear, i. 1. 156. Cp. L. <span class='it'>reverberare</span>, -to reverberate.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reverberate,</span></span> to burn in a furnace in which the heat was continually -driven back upon the substance operated upon. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>reverence:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>save reverence</span>, used apologetically in introducing some -remark that might offend the hearer. Romeo, i. 4. 42; ‘Be it spoken with -save the reverence of all women’, Harington, Metam. Ajax (NED.). Also, -<span class='it'>saving reverence</span>, ‘Who, saving your reverence, is the divell himselfe’, -Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 27. See Nares (s.v. Save-reverence).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>revoke,</span></span> to recall, give up. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 517).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='revolt'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>revolt,</span></span> to turn back. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25; spelt <span class='it'>revault</span>, to -withdraw (words), Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iii. 4 (Philip); -<span class='it'>revolt</span>, pp. withdrawn, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 1; as sb. a rebel, deserter, -King John, v. 2. 151. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rew'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rew,</span></span> a row. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17, 35; Fairfax, Tasso, xvii. 75. The -pronunc. of ‘row’ in the south and south-west of England (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>rewe</span> (Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>rǣw</span> (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rex'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rex:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to play rex</span>, to play pranks; understood in the sense of, to -play the lord, to domineer (as if from L. <span class='it'>rex</span>, king; due to a popular -etymology); ‘To play such <span class='it'>Rex</span>’, (i.e. such pranks); Spenser, State of -Ireland (Globe ed., p. 659, col. 2); ‘With those did Hercules play <span class='it'>rex</span>’ -(i.e. played the master), Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 47. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#reaks'>reaks</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rheumatic,</span></span> suffering from catarrh or rheum, characterized by rheum. -Venus and Adonis, 135; Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 105; also, Fletcher, Nice -Valour, ii. 1 (Lady).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rhino,</span></span> money (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rhinocerical,</span></span> resembling a rhinoceros; huge, large; as a slang term, -of large means, wealthy, rich, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>riband.</span></span> A riband was sometimes worn in the ear, as a favour; ‘He -that bought the halfpenny riband, wearing it in his ear, swearing it was -the Duchess of Milan’s favour’, Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Meletza). -<span class='it'>Ribanded ears</span>, id., Scourge of Villainy, 167.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ribaudrie,</span></span> ribaldry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 76; hence, <span class='it'>ribaudred</span>, -profligate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 10. 10. ME. <span class='it'>ribaudrie</span> (P. Plowman, C. i. 45). -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>ribaudrie</span> (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ribibe,</span></span> an opprobrious term for an old woman, ‘vetula’, prop. a kind -of fiddle, ‘vitula’. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Pug); <span class='it'>rybybe</span>, Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 492. It is probable that both Skelton and Jonson took -this use of the word from Chaucer (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1377).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ribskin,</span></span> a leathern apron worn during the process of <span class='it'>ribbing</span> or scraping -flax. Spelt <span class='it'>rybskyn</span>, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 299.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rid,</span></span> to remove with violence, ‘I shall sone ryd his soule out of his -body’, Ld. Berners, Huen, xlix. 165; to destroy, Tempest, i. 2. 365; to -clear off work, dispatch, ‘Slaves did rid those Manufactures’, Bacon, -Essay 29 (ed. Arber, 483); <span class='it'>to rid way</span>, to get over the ground, move ahead, -‘Willingness rids way’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 3. 21. ‘Rid’ is in prov. use in -various parts of England for clearing land, grubbing up underwood, &c., -see EDD. (s.v. Rid, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). Of Scand. origin, cp. Icel. <span class='it'>ryðja</span>, to clear land, -Dan. <span class='it'>rydde</span>. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rid,</span></span> to set free, deliver, save. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xxxvii. 22; Ex. vi. 6; Ps. lxxi -(Pr. Bk.); 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 234; to acquit, ‘A judge riddeth a persone’, -Udall, Apoph., 236. OE. <span class='it'>hreddan</span>, to deliver, cp. Dan. <span class='it'>redde</span>, G. <span class='it'>retten</span>. -See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rid,</span></span> to advise; ‘I rid thee, away’ (i.e. I advise thee to depart), Greene, -James IV, Induction (Bohan). A Scottish form, see NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.<sup>1</sup>). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#rede'>rede</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ridduck,</span></span> a gold coin; ‘Run for a ridduck’ (i.e. to gain a reward), -Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 134. See <span class='bold'><a href='#ruddock2'>ruddock</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ride,</span></span> to be drawn through the streets in a cart, subject to popular -derision; a form of punishment. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rider,</span></span> a gold coin, orig. Dutch, having a horseman on the obverse, -worth about 27<span class='it'>s.</span> Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). Du. <span class='it'>een goude</span> -<span class='it'>ryder</span>, ‘a golden coin having on one side the stamp of a man on horseback’ -(Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ridgel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ridgel,</span></span> a half-castrated animal, a male animal with imperfectly -developed organs. In common prov. use. Only found as a literary word -in Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 6 (Penurio), where it appears as a term -of abuse, ‘Yonder old Rigell, the Captaine’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ridstall-man,</span></span> a man whose business is to clear out or clean cattle-stalls. -Greene, James IV, first stage-direction.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rifely,</span></span> abundantly. Hall, Sat. iv. 3. 74; frequently, Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid, i. 101. ‘Rife’ in the sense of ‘abundant’, also of ‘frequent’ is -still in use in Scotland, and in many parts of England. Cp. Du. ‘<span class='it'>rijf</span>, rife, -or abundant; <span class='it'>rijfelick</span>, rifely, or abundantly’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>riffle,</span></span> to ‘rifle’, plunder. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 681. See -Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rifle,</span></span> to play at dice, to gamble or raffle for a stake. B. Jonson, -Alchem. i. 1; Dryden, Amboyna, v. 1. Hence <span class='it'>rifling</span>, Northward Ho, v. 1 -(Bellamont); Minsheu. Still in use in west Yorkshire (Dr. Joseph Wright). -Du. ‘<span class='it'>rijffelen</span>, to riffle, or who shall cast most upon the Dice’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rig,</span></span> to search into, ransack; ‘And in the bowels of the earth unsaciably -to rig’, Golding, Metam. i. 138; ‘To . . . rig every corner’, Gosson, -Schoole of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 54).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rigell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ridgel'>ridgel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rin,</span></span> to run. Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); ‘They -ryde and rinne’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 196. A north-country form -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>ryn</span>, to run (Wars Alex. 1352); <span class='it'>rynnand</span>, running (Barbour’s -Bruce, iii. 684).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rine,</span></span> ‘rind’, the outside peel or bark; ‘Bark and rine’, Middleton, -Family of Love, iii. 3. 11; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 111. So in Dorset -(Barnes’ Poems), see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ring:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>cracked within the ring</span>; See <span class='bold'><a href='#crack3'>crack</a></span> (3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ring2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ring.</span></span> <span class='it'>Running at the ring</span>, a sport in which a tilter, riding at full -speed, endeavoured to thrust the point of his lance through, and to bear -away, a suspended ring. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Ferdinand). Also -<span class='it'>riding at the ring</span>, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ringled,</span></span> provided with rings, ringed. Marlowe, Hero and Leander, -ii. 143.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ringman,</span></span> the ring finger, fourth finger. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. -Arber, p. 109). Still in use in Cumberland, see EDD. ME. <span class='it'>ryngeman -fyngur</span>, ‘anularis’ (Cath. Angl.). In B. Jonson’s Alchemist, i. 1 (p. 243), -Subtle says, ‘In chiromancy we give the fore-finger to Jove. The ring -(i.e. the ring-finger) to Sol.’ See Halliwell (s.v. Ring-finger).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ringo-root,</span></span> an eater of eringo-root; a term of contempt. Marston, -Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 112.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ringtail,</span></span> the female of the hen-harrier. Used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Beaumont and -Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rippier, ripper,</span></span> an itinerant seller of fish; ‘Like a rippier’s legs -rolled up In boots of hay-ropes’, Chapman, Bussy d’Ambois, iii (Bussy); -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). Still in use in E. Anglia, Kent, -and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Ripp). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rish,</span></span> a rush. Spelt <span class='it'>rishe</span>, Ascham, Scholemaster, pt. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); -pl. <span class='it'>rishes</span>, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xix, c. 2; vol. ii, p. 7<span style='font-size:smaller'>A</span>. ‘Rish’ -is in common use in Ireland and in many parts of England—in Yorks., -Cheshire, also in Kent and the south-west, see EDD. (s.v. Rush, -sb.<sup>1</sup> (10)). OE. <span class='it'>risc</span> (see Oldest English Texts, p. 503).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>risp,</span></span> a twig; esp. a limed twig for catching birds. Golding, Metam. -xv. 473; fol. 185, bk. (1603); ‘<span class='it'>Boschetto</span>, a grove . . . a rispe, a lushe or -lime-twigge to catch birds’, Florio (1598). See NED. and EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>risse,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> and <span class='it'>pp.</span> of the vb. to rise. As pt. t. pl. (OE. <span class='it'>rison</span>), B. Jonson, -Catiline, iv. 2 (Cicero). As pp. (OE. <span class='it'>risen</span>), id., iii. 2 (Cicero). The use of -<span class='it'>risse</span> for the pt. s. occurs in Shirley, Duke’s Mistress, v. 4 (Horatio), and -occasionally elsewhere. ‘Riss’ (‘ris’) is found as a prov. form for the -pt. t. and pp. of ‘rise’ in Yorks., Linc., and Northants, see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ritter,</span></span> a horse-soldier. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii. 1 (Savoy). -G. <span class='it'>Ritter</span>, a knight, lit. a ‘rider’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rittlerattle,</span></span> a child’s rattle. Golding, Metam. ix. 692; fol. 118 (1603); -Latin text, <span class='it'>Sistraque</span>. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rivage,</span></span> shore, bank. Hen. V, iii, chorus; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 20. -F. <span class='it'>rivage</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rive,</span></span> to fire a cannon, so as almost to burst it. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 29; to -be split, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 35. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rive</span></span> [riv], for <span class='it'>riven</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>rive</span>, to tear. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 5 (riming -with ‘give’). ‘Riv’, pp., is in prov. use in Linc. and E. Anglia (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rivelled,</span></span> wrinkled; spelt <span class='it'>ryvilde</span>, More, Chron. Richard III (ed. 1883, 54), -‘Rivelled fruits’, Dryden, All for Love, Prol. 40; pleated, gathered in -small folds, ‘Capes pleated and ryveled’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. -Furnivall, 74); twisted, Marlowe and Nashe, Dido, iii. 1 (Dido). In prov. -use in Shropshire, Heref., and Dorset (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>riveled</span>, wrinkled -(Gower, C. A. viii. 2829). OE. <span class='it'>rifelede</span>, ‘rugosus’ (Napier’s Glosses, 187. 78).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rivo!,</span></span> an exclamation used at drinking-bouts. ‘<span class='it'>Rivo</span>, sayes the drunkard’, -1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 124; Massinger. Renegado, ii. 6 (Gazet). In Portuguese -ships they use the cry <span class='it'>Arriba! Arriba!</span>, ‘Up! Up!’, for summoning sailors -to their work. See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>road,</span></span> a ‘raid’, inroad, incursion. Hen. V, i. 2. 138; Beaumont and Fl., -Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (1 Ambassador).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roarer;</span></span> the same as <span class='bold'><a href='#roaring2'>roaring boy</a>,</span> q. v. Massinger, Renegado, i. 3 -(Gazet); A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Brewen); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -xii. 102.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roaring,</span></span> the language of ‘roarers’, or bullies. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, -iii. 1 (Cuculus); their behaviour, Heywood, The Fair Maid, i. 3 (Spencer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='roaring2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roaring boys,</span></span> a cant term for the insolent bloods and vapourers -whose delight was to annoy well-behaved citizens. Webster, Duch. of -Malfi, ii. 1 (Castruccio). There was but one <span class='it'>roaring girl</span>, viz. Mary Frith, -or Moll Cutpurse, the heroine of Middleton’s play entitled The Roaring -Girl.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Roaring-Meg.</span></span> ‘In this (Edinburgh) Castle is one of the largest -Canons in Great Britain, called Roaring-Megg’, Brome, Trav. (ed. 1707, -p. 195); Churchyard, Siege of Ed. Castle (NED.). Hence, a huge cannon, -Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roat;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#rote2'>rote</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rochet,</span></span> a fish; the red gurnard. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Corvino); -Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rochet2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rochet,</span></span> the blunt iron head of a tilting weapon. Caxton, Hist. Troye, -lf. 124, back, 17. F. ‘<span class='it'>rochet</span>, the blunt iron head of a tilting-staff’ (Cotgr.). -OF. <span class='it'>rochet</span>, ‘fer de la lance’ (Didot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rock,</span></span> a distaff. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (l. 5 from end); Chapman, -tr. of Odyssey, vi. 77. Still in use in the north country, Midlands, -and E. Anglia (EDD.). Icel. <span class='it'>rokkr</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rocket,</span></span> a ‘rochet’, an outer garment, a kind of cloak or mantle. -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 54; a vestment of linen, usually worn by bishops -and abbots, chiefly Scottish (NED). [‘With mitre sheen and rocquet -white’, Sir W. Scott, Marmion, vi. 11.] O. Prov. <span class='it'>roquet</span>, ‘rochet, surplis’ -(Levy); Norm. F. <span class='it'>roquet</span>, manteau court (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rocket,</span></span> a blunt-headed lance. Ld. Berners, Froissart, II. clxii. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rochet2'>rochet</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rockray'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rockray,</span></span> a line or reef of rocks. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 20 -from end. <span class='it'>Ray</span> = F. <span class='it'>raie</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>riga</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Roger,</span></span> a goose (Cant). Harman, Caveat, p. 83; Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). In both passages, <span class='it'>Tib of the buttery</span> is given as another -cant name for the goose. See Halliwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roile, royle,</span></span> an inferior or spiritless horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 76; -‘That horse which tyreth like a roile’, Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene -(ed. Arber, 117); ‘A timorouse royle’, Sir T. Elyot, bk. i, ch. 17 -(ed. Croft, i. 178); a draught-horse of Flemish breed, ‘The Flemish roile’, -Harrison, Desc. England, iii. 1 (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roile,</span></span> to wander, to roam about. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 (Tibet); -Golding, tr. Metam. iii. 55; ‘To royle abroad, <span class='it'>divagari</span>’, Levins, Manip.; -Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 141). ME. <span class='it'>roile</span>, to roam about (Chaucer, -C.T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 653, Lansd. MS.); <span class='it'>roylyn</span> or gone ydyl abowte, ‘vagor, discurro’ -(Prompt. 436). See Notes to Piers Plowman, B. x. 297, p. 94.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roister, royster,</span></span> a bully, a noisy reveller; ‘Dissolute swordmen -and suburb roysters’, Milton, Eikonoklastes, iv; ‘<span class='it'>Rustre</span>, a royster, -swaggerer’, Cotgrave. Still in use in Scotland and Yorks. (EDD.). See -Dict. (s.v. Roistering).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roisting,</span></span> the conduct of roisterers, blustering. Disobedient Child, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 300; boisterous, uproarious, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. -208.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roke,</span></span> to search, rummage; ‘Roking in the ashes’, Gammer Gurton’s -Needle, i. 4 (Gammer). See EDD. (s.v. Rauk, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rom'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rom,</span></span> good, phr. <span class='it'>rom bouse</span>, good wine (Cant). Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Song). See <span class='bold'><a href='#Rom-vile'>Rom-vile</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>romage,</span></span> bustle, commotion. Hamlet, i. 1. 107. Still in use in Scotland, -see EDD. (s.v. Rummage, 6).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rombelow'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rombelow</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> a cry used by sailors when rowing; ‘Heve and how -rombelow, row the bote, Norman, rowe!’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252; -‘Some songe heve and howe rombelowe’, Cocke Lorell’s Bote. ME. <span class='it'>rumbeloo</span> -(Coer de Lion, 2522). See NED. (s.v. Rumbelow).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>romekin,</span></span> some kind of drinking-vessel; ‘Large Saxon Romekins’, -Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). Cp. Du. <span class='it'>roemer</span>, a wine-glass (Sewel). -See NED. (s.v. Rumkin<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Rom-vile'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Rom-vile,</span></span> a cant term for London. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Song). <span class='it'>Rom</span>, i.e. good, refers to <span class='it'>Rommany</span>, gipsy; <span class='it'>vile</span> = F. <span class='it'>ville</span>, town. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#rom'>rom</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rondure, roundure,</span></span> a circle, circular or rounded form. Dekker, -O. Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune); King John, ii. 259; Shak. Sonnets, xxi. 8. -F. <span class='it'>rondeur</span>, roundness (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ront,</span></span> a runt, an ox or cow of a small size. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 5. -Du. <span class='it'>rund</span>, ‘a runt, a bullock or an oxe’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ronyon;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#runnion'>runnion</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roodes.</span></span> In Mirror for Mag., Harold, st. 23, apparently used in the -sense of ‘crosses’, vexations.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rook'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rook,</span></span> <span class='it'>reflex</span>, to crouch, squat; ‘The raven rook’d her on the chimney’s -top’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 47. Still in use in various parts of England; see EDD. -(s.v. Rook, vb.<sup>3</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>rouken</span> (Chaucer). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rucke'>rucke</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>room,</span></span> widely. <span class='it'>Roomer</span>, more widely, farther away, Sir J. Harington on -Bishops (Nares). OE. <span class='it'>rūme</span>, widely. See NED. (s.v. Room, adv.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roome mort, rome mort,</span></span> a great lady, lady of high rank (Cant). -B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘<span class='it'>Rome mort</span>, the quene’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 84. <span class='it'>Rome</span>, excellent (in Rommany); See <span class='bold'><a href='#mort2'>mort</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rope:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to run upon the ropes</span>, to act the part of a rope-dancer, Puritan -Widow, iv. 3. 41.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roperipe,</span></span> ripe for the rope, fit for being hanged. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 92. 3; Chapman, May Day, iii; Wilson, Arte of Rhetorique; Minsheu; -see Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ropery,</span></span> knavery. Romeo, ii. 4. 154; Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 1 -(Landlady); cp. <span class='it'>roper</span>, ‘one who deserves the rope’ (NED.); rope-tricks, -knave’s tricks, Taming Shrew, i. 2. 112.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rosa solis,</span></span> i.e. ‘Rose of the Sun’, an alcoholic cordial variously flavoured -with spices; ‘Run for some <span class='it'>Rosa-solis</span>’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, -iv. 1 (Martha); T. Cogan, Haven of Health, 226; Middleton, Blurt, iii. -3; name of a herb, ‘The herb called <span class='it'>Rosa-Solis</span>, whereof they make Strong -Waters’, Bacon, Nat. Hist., Cent. v, § 495. See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rosaker,</span></span> alteration of <span class='it'>rosalger</span>, realgar, disulphide of arsenic; ‘A -tabacco-pipe . . . little better than ratsbane or rosaker’, B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. iii. 5 (Cob). Port. <span class='it'>rosalgár</span>, ‘réalgar, sulfure d’arsenic’ -(Roquette); Span. <span class='it'>rejalgar</span>; ‘le terme signifie propremont <span class='it'>poudre de caverne</span>, et -je suppose qu’on a donné ce nom à l’arsenic, parce qu’on le tirait des mines -d’argent’, Dozy, Glossaire des Mots dérivés de l’Arabe, p. 332.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rose.</span></span> The three-farthing pieces of Queen Elizabeth were very thin, -and had the profile of the sovereign with a rose at the back of the head; -see King John, i. 143. ‘Yes, ’tis three-pence, I smell the rose’, Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, Pt. I, iii. 4 (Firk).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rose,</span></span> a rosette; a knot of ribands, worn on the front of a shoe. Webster, -White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 41; Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); -B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 2 (Pug).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rose-noble,</span></span> a variety of the noble, stamped with a rose, of varying -value; sometimes worth 16<span class='it'>s</span>. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roset,</span></span> roseate, rosy. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 591 (L. <span class='it'>purpureum</span>); vii. -26 (L. <span class='it'>roseis</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rosiall,</span></span> rosy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2 (first ed. 1531). -[I suggest that the name ‘Rosiall’, occurring thrice in the poem called -the Courte of Love, was suggested by this passage; and that the Courte -of Love was later than 1581, and later than Thynne’s Chaucer, ed. 1532.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rosiere,</span></span> a rose-bush. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 19. F. <span class='it'>rosier</span> (Cotgr.); L. -<span class='it'>rosarium</span>; from <span class='it'>rosa</span>, a rose.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ros-marine,</span></span> rosemary; ‘Wholesome dew, called ros-marine’, B. Jonson, -Masque of Blackness (Æthiopia). L. <span class='it'>rosmarinum</span>, rosemary, lit. marine -dew (Pliny). F. <span class='it'>rosmarin</span>, rosemarie (Cotgr.). See Alphita, p. 155 (s.v. -Ros marinus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rost:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to rule the rost</span>, to be absolute in authority, to domineer. -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 813; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 429. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rule3'>rule the roast</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rote,</span></span> a musical instrument, a lyre. Spenser, ii. 10. 3; iv. 9. 6. ME. -<span class='it'>rote</span>, a kind of fiddle (Chaucer), OF. <span class='it'>rote</span> (Didot), O. Prov. <span class='it'>rota</span>, ‘rote, -instrument à cordes’ (Levy), also OHG. <span class='it'>rota</span> (Schade); probably of Celtic -origin, cp. O. Irish <span class='it'>crot</span>, a harp, lyre; Mod. Irish <span class='it'>cruit</span> (Dinneen), whence -ME. <span class='it'>croude</span> (Wyclif, Luke xv. 25). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rote2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rote, roat,</span></span> to repeat, as an echo does; to repeat a tune or song. -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi (Melanthus, 8); ‘The echoes . . . -each to other diligently rotes’, id., David and Goliath.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rother,</span></span> a ‘rudder’; hence, controlling power. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, -vi. 859; Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 12. ME. <span class='it'>rother</span> (Gower, C. A. ii. -2494); OE. <span class='it'>rōðer</span>, a steering-paddle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rouke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rouke,</span></span> to squat, crouch, used <span class='it'>fig.</span>; ‘Bookes that happlye rouke in -studentes mewes’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, Ded. (ed. Arber, 7). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#rucke'>rucke</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rouncival'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rouncival, rownseval,</span></span> huge, gigantic, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -iii. 690 (with reference to the Cyclopean monsters); spelt <span class='it'>rounceval</span>, a -woman of large build and boisterous manners, Heywood, Golden Age, A. ii -(Jupiter); Nashe, Saffron Walden (Grosart, iii. 52). See <span class='bold'><a href='#runcival'>runcival pease</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>round,</span></span> to whisper. King John, ii. 1. 566. In prov. use in England -and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Roun). ME. <span class='it'>rownen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 241); -OE. <span class='it'>rūnian</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>round,</span></span> a dance in which the performers move in a ring; a song by -two or more persons in turn. Macbeth, iv. 1. 130; Fletcher, Faithful -Shepherdess, i. 2 (Thenot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>round:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>gentlemen of the round</span>, soldiers whose business it was to go -round and inspect the sentinels and watches. B. Jonson, Every Man in -Hum. iii. 5 (E. Knowell); ‘The round? an excellent way to train up -soldiers’, Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (near the end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>round,</span></span> plain-spoken, direct. Middleton, A Mad World, i. 2 (Harebrain); -Twelfth Night, ii. 3. 104; Hamlet, iii. 1. 192.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roundly,</span></span> readily, without hesitation or preface. Taming Shrew, iii. -2. 216; iv. 4. 108; v. 2. 21; Richard II, ii. 1. 122; ‘Will come off roundly’ -(i.e. will pay handsomely), Middleton, The Widow, iv. 2 (Latrocinio); -in a plain outspoken manner, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 59). Still in -prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rous,</span></span> with a bounce, bang! Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 2 (Bayes). -‘Rouse’ (pronounced with voiceless <span class='it'>s</span>), meaning ‘noisily’, ‘with a crash’, -is in prov. use in Devon and Somerset (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rouse,</span></span> a bumper, a full draught of liquor; ‘I have took a rouse or two -too much’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 4. 10; a drinking bout, -Hamlet, i. 2. 126; Marlowe, Faustus, iii. 4. 20. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>ruus</span>, a headache -from drinking (Aasen); Dan. <span class='it'>rus</span>, intoxication: <span class='it'>sove rusen ud</span>, to sleep -out one’s drunken fit; see Larsen; cp. Du. <span class='it'>roes</span>: ‘<span class='it'>eenen roes drinken</span>, to drink -till one is fuddled; <span class='it'>hy heeft eenen roes weg</span>, he is fuddled’ (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rout,</span></span> a number of animals going together; ‘Of fallow beasts the -company is called an <span class='it'>heard</span>, and of blacke beasts it is called a rout, or -a sounder’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100. Norm. F. <span class='it'>route</span>, ‘troupe’ -(Moisy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Route).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rout,</span></span> to assemble together. Roister Doister, iv. 7. 2; Bacon, Life of -Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 66). See Dict. M. and S.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rove'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rove,</span></span> to shoot with arrows at a mark selected at pleasure or at random, -and not of any fixed distance. Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 122; Warner, Albion’s -England, ii. 9. 39; Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; ‘She rovde at me with glauncing -eye’, Shep. Kal., Aug., 79; to shoot an arrow without fixed aim, ‘Manie -bowlts were roved after him’, Harington in Nugae Ant. (NED.); <span class='it'>a rovynge -marke</span>, a mark placed at an uncertain distance, Ascham, Toxophilus, 145; -<span class='it'>rovers</span>, arrows used for this kind of shooting, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -Masque 2 (Cupid); <span class='it'>to shoot at rovers</span>, to shoot at random, ‘Love’s arrows -are but shot at rovers’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 941; ‘Cato talked at rovers’ -(i.e. at random), Udall, tr. Apoph., Pompey, § 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rowel,</span></span> to insert a circular piece of leather, with a hole in the centre, -into a wound, to cause a discharge of humours; to insert a kind of seton; -‘He has been ten times rowelled’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, iii. 2 -(Young Loveless).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rowen,</span></span> the second growth of grass in a season, the aftermath, eddish; -the second crop of hay. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 25; Worlidge, Syst. -Agric.; Blount, Glossogr. (s.v. Edish); <span class='it'>rowen grass</span>, Holland, Pliny, xviii. -28; <span class='it'>rowen hay</span>, id., <span class='it'>rowen partridge</span>, a partridge frequenting a field of -‘rowen’, id., Plutarch’s Morals, 570 (NED.); also <span class='it'>rowen</span>, ‘As for the partridges -. . . the old rowens full subtilly seeme to wait’, id., 219. The -word ‘rowen’ in various forms is in prov. use from Linc. and Worc. to -Kent and Hants. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>raweyne hey</span>, ‘fenum serotinum’ (Prompt.); -<span class='it'>rewayn</span> (in Bp. Hatfield’s Survey, ann. 1382, Surtees, 170). Norm.F. -*<span class='it'>rewain</span> (mod. Picard <span class='it'>rouain</span>) = F. <span class='it'>regain</span>; <span class='it'>gaïn</span> = Romanic type <span class='it'>guadīmen</span>, -<span class='it'>wadīmen</span>, of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>weida</span>, pasture (Schade). See Thomas, -Essais Phil. Fr. (s.v. Regain), p. 371.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>royal,</span></span> a gold coin of the value of ten shillings, in Shaks., not expressly -mentioned, but alluded to by way of punning, Richard II, v. 5. 67; -1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 157; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 28.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>royne,</span></span> to grumble, to murmur discontentedly; ‘Yet did he murmure -with rebellious sound and softly royne’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 33. A north-country -word (EDD.). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='royne2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>royne,</span></span> to pare away, curtail, alter. Phaer, Aeneid x, 35 (L. <span class='it'>Flectere -iussa</span>). OF. <span class='it'>roignier</span>, to cut so as to round off. See <span class='bold'><a href='#proine'>proine</a></span> (to prune).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>roynish,</span></span> scurvy, poor. As You Like It, ii. 2. 8; rough, coarse, Tusser, -Husbandry, § 102. Cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>rongneux</span>, scurvie, mangy’; ‘<span class='it'>rongne</span>, the mange’ -(Cotgr.); mod. F. <span class='it'>rogne</span>, <span class='it'>rogneux</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rub,</span></span> in a card-game, to take all the cards in a suit. Heywood, A -Woman killed, iii. 2 (Wendoll); with a quibbling reference to <span class='it'>rob</span>; ‘<span class='it'>Piller</span>, -to rub, or rob, at cards’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruck,</span></span> a huge fabulous bird, supposed to be bred in Madagascar. Drayton, -Noah’s Flood (footnote—the mighty Indian bird); Burton, Anat. -Mel. ii. 2. 2; Herrick, Misc. Poems, 7 (NED.). Arab. <span class='it'>rukhkh</span>. See Stanford -(s.v. Roc).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruck,</span></span> to belch forth, utter. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 488. L. <span class='it'>ructare</span>. -See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rucke'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rucke,</span></span> to couch, squat; ‘On the house did rucke A cursed owle’, -Golding, Metam. xv. 400; Warner, Albion’s England, vii. 37. 121. Still -in use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Ruck, vb.<sup>5</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>rukkyn</span> -(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1851). See <span class='bold'><a href='#rook'>rook</a>, <a href='#rouke'>rouke</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruddock,</span></span> the redbreast or robin. Spenser, Epithal. 82; Cymbeline, -iv. 2. 224. In common prov. use in Scotland, and in many parts of -England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>ruddok</span> (Prompt), OE. <span class='it'>rudduc</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ruddock2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruddock,</span></span> a gold coin. Sir John Oldcastle, i. 2. 158; London Prodigal, -ii. 1. 36; Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rudesby,</span></span> an unmannerly or boorish person. Golding, Metam. v. 583; -fol. 64, back (1603).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruelle,</span></span> the space in a bedroom between the bed and the wall. -Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 2 (Sir Fopling); Farquhar, Constant Couple, -i. 1 (Wildair). ME. <span class='it'>ruel</span> (P. Plowman, C. x. 79); F. ‘<span class='it'>ruelle: la ruelle du lict</span>, -the space between the bed and the wall’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffe,</span></span> ‘the Card-game called Ruffe or Trump’, so Cotgrave (s.v. Triomphe); -Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch); the trump card, ‘the Ruff at Cards, -<span class='it'>Charta dominatrix</span>’, Coles, Eng.-Lat. Dict., 1699. Ital. <span class='it'>ronfa</span>, a card-game -(Florio), perhaps a popular corruption of <span class='it'>trionfo</span>; F. ‘<span class='it'>triomphe</span>, a Trump at -cards’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffe,</span></span> the highest pitch of some exalted or excited condition; ‘Wher -is all the ruffe of thy gloriousnes become?’, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. -Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 49); excitement, passion, fury, Golding, Metam. -xiii. 296 (NED.); Gascoigne (ed. Arber, ii. 94).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffin,</span></span> the name of a fiend, Chester Plays, v. 166; the Devil, Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); ‘I sweare by the Ruffin’, Brome, Jovial -Crew, ii (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. 389).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffin,</span></span> a ruffian, a man of brutal character, Plot, Staffordshire. 291; -as adj., appropriate to a ruffian, ‘His ruffin raiment’, Spenser, F. Q. i. -4. 34.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffler,</span></span> one of a class of vagabonds prevalent in the 16th century. -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffmans,</span></span> a cant term for a hedge. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor). See <span class='bold'><a href='#darkmans'>darkmans</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruffpeck,</span></span> bacon (Cant). ‘<span class='it'>Ruff peck</span>, bacon’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; -‘Here’s ruffpeck and casson’ (i.e. bacon and cheese), Brome, Jovial Crew, -ii. 1 (Song).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rug-gown,</span></span> a gown made of rug or coarse frieze; worn by watchmen; -hence, allusively, a watchman; ‘There a whole stand of rug-gowns routed -manly’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); also, worn by astrologers, -‘You sky-staring coxcombs . . . you are good for nothing but to . . . -make rug-gowns dear’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. iii. 2 (Sordido); -Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Lampatho).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rule,</span></span> course of proceeding, line of conduct. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 132. ME. -<span class='it'>rule</span>, conduct (York Myst. xxvi. 34).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rule,</span></span> disorder, stir, riot; ‘What a rule is there! <span class='it'>Quid turbae est!</span>’, -W. Walker, Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 381; ‘Such rule and ruffle make the -rowte that cum to see our geare’, Drant, Horace, Ep. ii. 1; ‘What a reul’s -here. You make a nice reul’, Thorseby, Letter to Ray (EDD.). ‘Reul’ (or -‘Rule’) appears in EDD. as a north-country word, meaning to behave in -a rude, disorderly manner. It is identical with the prov. word ‘roil’, to -be noisy, boisterous, turbulent, see EDD. (s.v. Roil, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rule3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rule the roast,</span></span> to be absolute master; ‘I am my lady’s cook, and king -of the kitchen; where I rule the roast, command imperiously, and am -a very tyrant in my office’, Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). The -origin of the phrase is obscure; but it may easily have arisen, as here -suggested, from the sway exercised by a master-cook; the same phrase is -used of a cook by Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruless,</span></span> rule-less, unruly. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 431.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruly,</span></span> orderly, law-abiding, amenable to law. Warner, Alb. England, -bk. ix, ch. 40, st. 20.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rumbelo,</span></span> rumbling, resounding; ‘Great bouncing rumbelo thund’ring -Ratleth’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 101. See <a href='#rombelow'><span class='bold'>rombelow</span>(<span class='bold'>e</span></a><span class='bold'>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rumming</span></span> (?); ‘Much like a rumming streame’, Twyne, Aeneid x, 603 -(L. <span class='it'>torrentis aquae</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>run at the ring;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#ring2'>ring</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='runcival'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>runcival pease,</span></span> runcival peas, peas of a large size, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 41. 9. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rouncival'>rouncival</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rundle,</span></span> applied to the spherical surface of the earth. Lyly, Woman in -the Moon, i. 1. 11. Hence <span class='it'>rundled</span>, circular, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vii. 239.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='runnion'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>runnion</span> (<span class='bold'>ronyon</span>)</span>, an abusive term applied to a woman. Macbeth, -i. 3. 6; Merry Wives, iv. 2. 195.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rush-buckler,</span></span> a swash-buckler, noisy ruffian; ‘Stoute bragging -russhe-bucklers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 82).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rushes,</span></span> with which floors were strewed, before the introduction of -carpets. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>russeting,</span></span> a kind of ruddy apple. Chapman, The Ball, ii. 1 (Barker). -See Dict. (s.v. Russet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>russet-pated;</span></span> ‘Russet-pated choughs’, with heads of a reddish-brown -colour, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='rutter'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rutter,</span></span> a cavalry soldier, esp. a German one; ‘You are a Rutter, -borne in Germanie’, Kyd, Sol. and Pers. i. 3; ‘Almain rutters’, Marlowe, -Faustus, i. 1 (Valdes); ‘Regiment of rutters’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s -Prize, i. 4 (Sophocles). Du. <span class='it'>ruiter</span>, a trooper, horseman (Sewel); cp. -O. Prov. <span class='it'>rotier</span>, a trooper, half soldier, half robber; <span class='it'>rota</span>, a band of men, -a troop (Appel); Med. L. <span class='it'>rupta</span> ‘cohors’ (Ducange, s.v. Rumpere, p. 237, -col. 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ruttock,</span></span> a staff, stick. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; -<span class='it'>rottocke</span>, id., Diogenes, § 116.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rutty,</span></span> full of ‘roots’ of trees. Spenser, Prothalamion, 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>rye-strew,</span></span> a straw of rye; applied derisively to a heavy weapon. -Heywood. Four Prentises (Eustace), vol. ii, p. 203.</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='S'>S</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sack,</span></span> a loose kind of gown worn by ladies. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. -Dyce, p. 516).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sackage, saccage,</span></span> the act of sacking (a city, &c.); ‘The saccage of -Carthage’, Holland, tr. Pliny, I. xv. 18. 443; <span class='it'>to saccage</span>, to sack or plunder, -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 24, p. 63. Fr. <span class='it'>saccager</span>, to sack, ransack, -pillage (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sackful,</span></span> given to plundering; ‘Sackful troops’, Mirror for Mag., -Robert, D. of Normandy, st. 40; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 601.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sackless,</span></span> guiltless, innocent, Greene, Isabel’s Sonnet, l. 9 (ed. Dyce, -p. 299); <span class='it'>sakeles</span>, Gascoigne, Works, i. 379. In common prov. use in the -north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>sakless</span>, innocent (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 175). -OE. <span class='it'>saclēas</span>, free from charge, guiltless (Matt. xxviii. 14, Lind.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sacrament,</span></span> an oath. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1 (Cat.). L. <span class='it'>sacramentum</span>, -the military oath of allegiance; also, an oath, a solemn engagement.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sacring-bell,</span></span> the small bell rung at the elevation of the host. -Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 295. Deriv. of the vb. <span class='it'>sacre</span>, to consecrate the elements -in the Eucharist, ‘I sacre, I halowe, <span class='it'>Je sacre</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>sacryn</span> or -halwyn, ‘consecro’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sad,</span></span> settled, steadfast, constant. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 45; ‘Settled -in his face I see Sad resolution and secure’, Milton, P. L. vi. 541; grave, -serious, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 23. 5; grave, sober (of attire), F. Q. i. -10. 7. ME. <span class='it'>sad</span> or sobyr, ‘maturatus, agelastes’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sadness,</span></span> seriousness, gravity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 77. ME. <span class='it'>sadnesse</span> in -poorte and chere, ‘soliditas, maturitas’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>safe,</span></span> to make safe, to secure. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 55; <span class='it'>saft</span>, pt. t., Chapman, -tr. of Iliad, viii. 291; pp., id., 444.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>safeguard,</span></span> an outer skirt worn by women to protect their dress when -riding; ‘Enter <span class='it'>Moll</span>, in a frieze jerkin and a black safeguard’, Middleton, -Roaring Girl, ii. 1; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, ii. 1 (Marine). Formerly -in prov. use in the west country in Devon, pronounced ‘seggard’; see -(EDD.) (s.v. Safeguard). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saffo,</span></span> a serjeant, catchpole. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.); v. 8 -(1 Avoc). Ital. ‘<span class='it'>zaffo</span> (<span class='it'>saffo</span>), a common serjeant or base catch-pole, specially -in Venice’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sag</span>(<span class='bold'>g,</span></span> to sink or subside gradually; ‘The Elme and the Ash are -tough, howbeit they will soone settle downward and sag, being charged -with any weight’, Holland, Pliny, i. 492; <span class='it'>fig.</span> (of the mind), ‘The minde I -sway by . . . shall never sagge with doubt’, Macbeth, v. 3. 10; <span class='it'>sagge</span>, hanging -or sagging down, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 27. In gen. prov. use in England -and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Sag, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>saggyn</span> (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sagg,</span></span> to drag oneself along wearily or feebly. Drayton, Pol. xvi. 219; -Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 283. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>sagga</span>, to walk heavily and slowly -from weariness (Ross).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saine,</span></span> <span class='it'>pr. pl.</span>, they say. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 55. ME. <span class='it'>seien</span>, pr. pl. -P. Plowman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='saint'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saint,</span></span> a card-game; see <span class='bold'><a href='#cent'>cent</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Saint Nicholas’ clerk,</span></span> a highwayman. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 67; Rowley, -A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Randall). See Nares (s.v. Nicholas).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Saint Thomas à Waterings,</span></span> a place anciently used for executions -for the county of Surrey, as Tyburn for Middlesex. It was situated -at the second milestone on the Kent road, near a brook, a place for watering -horses, whence its name; dedicated to St. Thomas Beket, being the -first place of any note on the road to Canterbury: ‘And forth we riden . . . -Unto the watering of seint Thomas, And there our host bigin his hors -areste’, Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 826. The allusions to this spot as a place of -execution are numerous; ‘He may perhaps take a degree at Tyburn . . . -come to read a lecture Upon Aquinas, at St. Thomas à Watering’s, And -so go forth a laureat in hemp circle’, B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Host). See -Nares (s.v. Waterings).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saker,</span></span> a kind of falcon. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 696; Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); also, a kind of ordnance or cannon, Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (Bots); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 355. This word for -a falcon is common to all the Latin nations; of Arabic origin, see Dozy, -Glossaire, 338.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sale,</span></span> a willow; used by Spenser to signify a wicker basket made of -willow-twigs for catching fish. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 81. See EDD. -(s.v. Seal, sb.<sup>3</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>sealh</span>, a willow.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sale,</span></span> a hall, large chamber. Morte Arthur, bk. xvii, ch. 16 (p. 713); -The World and the Child, l. 12, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. F. <span class='it'>salle</span> -(<span class='it'>sale</span>), a hall (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saliant,</span></span> sportive, lively. Fletcher, The Chances, iv. 3 (Petruccio). -From the heraldic use, as ‘lion <span class='it'>saliant</span>’. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>saillant</span>, pres. pt. of <span class='it'>sailler</span>, -to leap (Ch. Rol. 2469).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saliaunce,</span></span> assault, onslaught, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 29. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assaillir</span>, -to attack (Ch. Rol. 2564); <span class='it'>saillir</span> (Wace, Rom. de Rou, 2595).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sallet,</span></span> a light head-piece. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; Thersites, 55 (ed. -Pollard). Often used with a quibble referring to <span class='it'>sallet</span>, a form of <span class='it'>salad</span>; -as in Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 1. O. Prov. <span class='it'>salada</span>, sorte de casque (Levy), -F. <span class='it'>salade</span>, ‘a salade, helmet, head-piece’ (Cotgr.), Ital. <span class='it'>celata</span>, ‘a morion, -a casket, an helmet’ (Florio). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Salmon, Salomon,</span></span> the sacrament or oath of the beggars; ‘Salomon, -a alter or masse’, Harman, Caveat, 83; ‘A part too of our salmon’, B. -Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (2 Gipsy); ‘By the Salomon’, Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘By Salmon’, Brome, Jovial Crew (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salpa,</span></span> a kind of stock-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. -<span class='it'>salpa</span> (Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salt.</span></span> A salt-cellar was usually placed near the middle of a long table, -to divide the company according to their social rank; those of inferior -distinction being placed <span class='it'>below the salt</span>. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 -(Mercury). <span class='it'>Above the salt</span>, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. 1 (Steward).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salt,</span></span> a leap, esp. one made by a horse. Webster, White Devil (Lodovico), -ed. Dyce, p. 34; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 2 (Wittipol). L. <span class='it'>saltus</span>, -a leap.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saltimbanco,</span></span> a mountebank, a quack. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, -bk. i, c. 3, § 11; <span class='it'>saltinbancho</span>, Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 1007. Ital. <span class='it'>saltimbanco</span>, -a mountebank; from <span class='it'>saltare in banco</span>, to mount upon a bench; ‘<span class='it'>Salta in -banco</span>, as <span class='it'>Monta in banco</span>; <span class='it'>montáre in bánco</span>, to play the mountebank’ (Florio). -Span. ‘<span class='it'>Sálta en banco</span>, a mountebank’ (Stevens). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salue,</span></span> to salute. Holland, Pliny II, 297; Udall, Apoph. 122; <span class='it'>salew</span>, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. ME. <span class='it'>salue</span>, <span class='it'>salewe</span> (Chaucer); F. <span class='it'>saluer</span>; L. -<span class='it'>salutare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='salu'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saluë, salvee,</span></span> some kind of boat; ‘Twentie Caruiles, and Saluees -ten’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 257. NED. (s.v. Salve, 3) gives -a quotation of a passage which Dekker evidently copied, ‘There are 20 -Carauels for the service of the above named Armie [the Armada], and -likewise 10 Saluës with sixe Oares a-peece’, Archdeacon, tr. True Disc. -Army, K. Spain, 38 (1588).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salvage,</span></span> savage. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Picrato). Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 6. 39; ii. 8. 42. O. Prov. <span class='it'>salvatge</span>, ‘qui vit dans les bois, sauvage, -farouche’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>salvaticus</span> (Ducange); cp. Ital. <span class='it'>salvático</span>; L. <span class='it'>silvaticus</span> -(Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salvatory,</span></span> a box for holding ointments. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, iv. -2 (Bosola); ‘The Surgeon’s Salvator or Salvatory or his Box of Unguents’, -Holme, Armoury, iii. 438; ‘<span class='it'>Salvatory</span>, a Surgeon’s Box, to hold Salves, -Ointments, and Balsams’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. In Med. L. <span class='it'>salvalorium</span> is -given in Ducange only with the meanings (1) <span class='it'>vivarium piscium</span>, (2) <span class='it'>monasterium</span>, -‘ubi quis a mundi periculis tutus <span class='it'>salvatur</span> seu servatur’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>salvee;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#salu'>saluë</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sam,</span></span> together. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. ME. <span class='it'>sum</span>, together -(Cursor M. 9750); see NED. (s.v. Samen, adv.), and Dict. M. and S.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sambuke,</span></span> a triangular stringed-instrument of a very sharp shrill tone. -Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 39). ME. <span class='it'>sambuke</span> (Wyclif, Dan. iii. 5), -L. <span class='it'>sambuca</span> (Vulgate), Gk. σαμβύκη (LXX).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sambuke,</span></span> a military engine for storming walls. Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, ix. 73. L. <span class='it'>sambuca</span> (Vegetius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>samite,</span></span> a rich silk stuff. Morte Arthur, leaf 344. 30; bk. xvi, c. 17; -leaf 380, back, 30; bk. xviii, c. 19 [Tennyson, Morte d’Arthur, 31 and 144]. -O. Prov. <span class='it'>samit</span>, ‘étoffe de soie’ (Levy); Med. L. <span class='it'>examitum</span>; Byz. Gk. -ἑξάμιτον, lit. woven with six different kinds of thread; see Ducange (s.v. -Exametum); cp. Span. <span class='it'>xaméte</span> (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sampire,</span></span> ‘samphire’. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 763; King Lear, iv. 6. 15; -<span class='it'>sampier</span>, Baret, Alvearie. F. ‘<span class='it'>herbe de S. Pierre</span>, sampire’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sampsuchine,</span></span> oil of marjoram. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). Gk. σαμψύχινον, of marjoram; σάμψυχον, marjoram.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanbenito.</span></span> Under the Spanish Inquisition a penitential garment of -yellow cloth, ornamented with a red St. Andrew’s cross before and behind, -worn by a confessed and penitent heretic; ‘The Inquisitors . . . bringing -with them certaine fooles coats . . . called . . . <span class='it'>S. Benitos</span>’, M. Phillips in -Hakluyt’s Voyages, iii. 480; a garment of a black colour ornamented with -flames, devils, and other devices worn by an impenitent heretic at an -auto-da-fé, ‘Sambenitas, painted with all the flames and devils in hell’, -Marvell, Reh. Transp. i. 276. In Butler’s Hud. iii. 2. 1574, ‘Sambenites’ -are referred to vaguely. The garment was so called from <span class='it'>San Benito</span>, -St. Benedict, from its resemblance to the scapular introduced by -St. Benedict. See NED. and Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sance-bell'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sance-bell, saunce-bell,</span></span> corruptly <span class='bold'><a href='#saint'>saint’s-bell</a>,</span> the Sanctus-bell, the -bell orig. rung at the <span class='it'>Sanctus</span> at Mass. The <span class='it'>Sanctus</span> or <span class='it'>Ter-sanctus</span> refers to the -word <span class='it'>sanctus</span> (thrice repeated) in the conclusion to the Eucharistic preface; -in the English Liturgy ‘Holy, holy, holy’. <span class='it'>Sance-bells</span>, pl., Fletcher, Mad -Lover, i. 1 (Fool). Spelt <span class='it'>saint’s bell</span>, Hall, Satires, bk. v, Sat. 1, l. 119; -<span class='it'>saunce-bell</span>, Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 3 (Toby). See NED. (s.v. Sanctus Bell).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sanctus'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanctus:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>a black sanctus</span>, a burlesque hymn, accompanied by -discordant noises; a great discord. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 -(Mirabel); Mad Lover, iv. 1 (Fool); <span class='it'>black Saunce</span>, Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2. 33. -See Nares (s.v. Sanctus), and <span class='bold'><a href='#tintamar'>tintamar</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sanglier'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanglier,</span></span> a full-grown wild boar. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100; -Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5 (ed. 1615, 43). F. <span class='it'>sanglier</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>singularis</span> -(Vulg., Ps. lxxix. 14) = the μονιός of the LXX, meaning a boar separated from -the herd. See <span class='bold'><a href='#singler'>singler</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanjak.</span></span> In the Turkish Empire one of the administrative districts -of a ‘vilayet’; <span class='it'>sangiacque</span>, Dacres, tr. Machiavelli’s Prince, 25 (NED.); -<span class='it'>sanzacke</span>, a governor of a sanjak, Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4 (Carazie); -<span class='it'>sanziack</span>, Sir T. Herbert, Trav. (ed. 1677, 277); <span class='it'>sandiack</span>, Shirley, Imposture, -v. 1 (Volterino). Ital. <span class='it'>sangiacco</span> (Florio), Turk. <span class='it'>sanjāq</span>, lit. a banner -(NED.); <span class='it'>sanjac</span>, a province, T. Herbert, Gram. Turk. Lang., 1709, p. 90. -See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sanna,</span></span> a gesture of scorn. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). -L. <span class='it'>sanna</span>, a grimace made in mockery (Juvenal). Gk. σάννας, a buffoon; -one who makes grimaces. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stork'>stork’s bill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sans,</span></span> without (a French word), As You Like It, ii. 7. 166; Temp. i. -2. 97.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sapa,</span></span> new wine boiled thick. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. -L. <span class='it'>sapa</span> (Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sapor.</span></span> <span class='it'>Sapor Pontic</span>, <span class='it'>Sapor Styptic</span>: particular ‘Sapors’, savours frequently -mentioned by the alchemists as indicative of the nature or -condition of substances under examination. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 -(Subtle). L. <span class='it'>sapor</span>, taste.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sarcocolla,</span></span> an Eastern gum-resin. Altered to <span class='it'>sacrocolla</span>, Middleton, -A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). Gk. σαρκοκόλλα; the name derived from -its power of healing or agglutinating wounds.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sarell,</span></span> a seraglio. Marlowe, Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Bajazet). F. <span class='it'>sérail</span>, -a seraglio; Pers. <span class='it'>serāi</span>, a palace (Hatzfeld). See Stanford (s.v. Seraglio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sarza,</span></span> sarsaparilla. Bacon, Essay 27, § 2. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sasarara'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sasarara,</span></span> a corruption of <span class='it'>certiorari</span>, the name of a certain writ at law. -Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 2 (Vindici); <span class='it'>sesarara</span>, Puritan Widow, iii. 2. 81. -See EDD. (s.v. Siserary), where the word is said to be in prov. use in the -sense of a violent scolding; in Devon the phr. <span class='it'>with a siserary</span> means ‘with -a vengeance’ [‘I fell in love all at once with a sisserara’, Sterne, T. Shandy, -vi. 47 (Davies).]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sattle,</span></span> to quiet, reduce to order. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xviii. -345; to become calm, ‘I sattyl or sober or appayse my-selfe’, Palsgrave. -Cp. ‘sattle’, the north-country word, meaning to put an end to a quarrel, -see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>sahtlen</span>, to bring to a peaceful agreement, -to reconcile (<span class='it'>sahhtlenn</span> in Ormulum, 351); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. -Sahtlien). OE. <span class='it'>sahtlian</span> (Chron. ann. 1066). Etym. doubtful; see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sattle,</span></span> to sink down gradually. Ascham, Toxophilus, 131. In prov. -use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.<sup>2</sup> 3). ME. <span class='it'>sattle</span> (York -Plays, 328); <span class='it'>satlynge</span>, a sagging, ‘bassacio’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. -Settle, vb., 13).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saturity,</span></span> repletion. Herrick, Noble Numbers; Lasciviousness, 2; -<span class='it'>saturitie</span>, Udall, tr. Erasmus, on Matt. v. 6; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, -ch. 24, st. 48. L. <span class='it'>saturitas</span> (Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>satyrion,</span></span> the orchis. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Sir Jolly). Gk. -σατύριον (Dioscorides). See Alphita, p. 158.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saugh,</span></span> a ‘sough’, a channel, a trench. Drayton, Pol. iv. 168. ‘Sough’ -in various forms is in common prov. use in England from the north -country to Bedfordshire, see EDD. (s.v. Sough, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saulf,</span></span> ‘safe’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, see Glossary). F. <span class='it'>saulf</span>, -safe (Rabelais). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sauf).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>saunce-bell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sance-bell'>sance-bell</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sawtry,</span></span> a ‘psaltery’, a kind of harp. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 358. -ME. <span class='it'>sautrye</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 296).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>say,</span></span> to ‘assay’, to test the fitness of, to try on (clothes); ‘He sayes -his sute’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Fashioner); to set oneself to -do something, Peele, Order of the Garter (ed. Dyce, 588); ‘Who sayd to -wound faire Venus in the hand’, Heywood, 2nd Pt., Iron Age (NED.). -See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>say,</span></span> ‘assay’, temper of metal, proof; ‘A sword of better say’, Spenser, -F. Q. vi. 11. 47; a subject for testing, proving, ‘Still living to be wretched -To be a say to Fortune in her changes’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. -Pestle, iv. 4. 11. ‘To say’ for to assay, to test, prove, is in prov. use in -Scotland and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Say, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>say:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to take the say</span>, to draw the knife along the belly of a slain -deer, to find how fat he is. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 10. For -<span class='it'>assay</span>, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). See Nares (s.v. Say).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scalado,</span></span> an escalade, attempt to scale a wall. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 165). Span. <span class='it'>escalada</span>, ‘an escalade or taking a place with -scaling Ladders’ (Stevens). L. <span class='it'>scala</span>, a ladder.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scale,</span></span> to attack with scaling ladders; ‘The citty had bene scaled and -sacked’, Greene, Euphues (Wks., ed. Grosart, vi. 220); ‘The hugy heaps -of cares . . . are scalèd from their nestling-place’, Peele, Sir Clyomon -(Wks., ed. Dyce, iii. 78). Ital. ‘<span class='it'>scalare</span>, to ascend by ladder’ (Florio); -Span. <span class='it'>escalar</span> (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scaledrake,</span></span> ‘a sheldrake’. Lady Alimony, ii. 2 (2 Boy). In prov. -use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scall,</span></span> a scab, blister, an eruption of skin on the head. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Lev. xiii. 30 -(printed <span class='it'>skall</span>, ed. 1611); ‘Scurfe and dandruffe, running ulcers and scals’, -Holland, Pliny, xxiii. 1. In prov. use in Scotland and north of England, -see EDD. (s.v. Scall, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>scalle</span> (Chaucer, Minor Poems, viii. 7).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>scald,</span> afflicted with the ‘scall’, scurfy; an epithet of contempt, -Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 215; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brothers, i (Grandpree); -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Fluello). ME. <span class='it'>scalled</span> (Chaucer, C. T. -<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 627).</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='scamble'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scamble,</span></span> to scramble, to struggle. Much Ado, v. 1. 94; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 51. 7. Hence, <span class='it'>scambling</span>, shambling, shuffling, Ford, Love’s -Sacrifice, v. 1 (Bianca); filching, id., Fancies Chaste, i. 3 (Livio). In prov. -use in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scand,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>, ascended, climbed up to. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 8. L. <span class='it'>scandere</span>, -to climb.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scantle,</span></span> to scant, to limit; ‘Her scantled banks’, Drayton, Pol. xxiv. -12; The Owl, 1294; to shorten sail, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1327); -p. 134, col. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scantling,</span></span> limited measure. Bacon, Essay 55; a pattern, sample, -Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 341; ‘How Ovid’s scantlings with the whole true patterne -doo agree’, Golding, Ovid’s Metam., Epist. 379. ‘<span class='it'>Eschantillon</span>, a scantling, -sample, pattern, proof of any sort of Merchandise’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>escauntiloun</span> (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scar,</span></span> a steep bare bank, a cliff. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 326. In prov. use, -see EDD. (s.v. Scar, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Icel. <span class='it'>sker</span>, an isolated rock in the sea.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scarab,</span></span> a beetle, dung-beetle; a term of reproach. B. Jonson, -Alchem. i. 1. 59 (Subtle); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 (Chilax). -Gk. σκάραβος, a beetle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Scarborough warning,</span></span> very short notice, or no notice at all; -a surprise. Heywood, Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 43); Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, iii. 345. See Nares, EDD. and NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scarlet,</span></span> a scarlet gown, worn as a mark of dignity; He will be . . . -next spring call’d to the scarlet, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scarmoge,</span></span> an irregular fight, a ‘skirmish’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34. -ME. <span class='it'>scarmuch</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 934), F. <span class='it'>escarmouche</span>, a skirmish -(Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>scaramuccia</span> (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scartoccio,</span></span> a roll of paper. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. -<span class='it'>scartoccio</span>, ‘a coffin of paper for spice, as apothecaries use’ (Florio). Cp. -<span class='it'>cartoccio</span>, a piece of waste paper to put anything in. F. <span class='it'>cartouche</span>, E. <span class='it'>cartridge</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scath,</span></span> harm, hurt, damage. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 18; iii. 4. 24. ME. -<span class='it'>scathe</span>, harm (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 446); Icel. <span class='it'>skaði</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scatterling,</span></span> one of a wandering band of outlaws or robbers. -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 63.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scaure;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#scour1'>scour</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scerne,</span></span> to ‘discern’, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 22.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='schellum'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>schellum,</span></span> a rogue, scoundrel; ‘Where’s the Dutch <span class='it'>schellum</span>?’, Dekker, -If this be not a good Play (Pluto), Works, iii. 352; <span class='it'>skellum</span>, id., Shoemakers’ -Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk). ‘Skellum’ is a north-country word (EDD.). -Du. <span class='it'>schelm</span>, a rogue (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sciatherical,</span></span> concerned with the recording of shadows, esp. on a sundial. -<span class='it'>Scioferical</span>, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7 (Alb.); <span class='it'>scioterical</span>, Sir T. Browne, -Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 18, § 3. From Gk. σκιαθηρικός, from σκαθήρας, a -shadow-catcher, sun-dial; from σκιά, shadow, θηρᾶν, to catch.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scole,</span></span> a scale or dish of a balance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 606; -xxii. 180. Icel. <span class='it'>skāl</span>, a bowl, the scale of a balance; Dan. <span class='it'>skaal</span>, a bowl.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scolopendra,</span></span> a milliped; one of the numerous nicknames for a -courtesan. Shirley, Gamester, ii. 2 (Hazard). L. <span class='it'>scolopendra</span>; Gk. σκολόπενδρα, -a milliped.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='scombre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scombre,</span></span> to void excrements. Maister of Game, c. 13; <span class='it'>skommer</span>, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 12; p. 27. See <span class='bold'><a href='#scumber'>scumber</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scope,</span></span> a mark to aim at. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 155. Gk. σκοπός, -a mark.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='scorse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scorse, scourse,</span></span> to exchange, barter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; -B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Waspe); Drayton, Pol. (ed. 1613. p. 196); -‘<span class='it'>Barater</span>, to scourse, barter’, Cotgrave; hence <span class='it'>skoser</span>, a horse-corser, -Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10 (ed. Croft, i. 63). ‘Scorse’ is in prov. -use along the south coast (EDD.). See Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 136.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='scot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scot and lot,</span></span> a tax levied by a municipal corporation in proportionate -shares for the defraying of municipal expenses; phr. <span class='it'>to pay scot and lot</span>, to -pay out thoroughly; ‘Twas time to counterfet, or that hotte Termagant -Scot had paid me scot and lot’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 115; B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob). The word <span class='it'>scot</span> = Anglo-F. <span class='it'>escot</span>, a payment (Rough -List). See <span class='bold'><a href='#shot'>shot</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scot-free,</span></span> free from payment of one’s tavern score. B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scotomy,</span></span> dimness of sight, caused by dizziness. B. Jonson, Volpone, -i. 1 (Mosca); Massinger, Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides). Gk. σκότωμα, -dimness; from σκοτοῦν, to make dim. Gk. σκότος, darkness.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='scour1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scour,</span></span> to be purged, to have diarrhoea; ‘He continually scowred’, -Repentance of Robert Greene (NED.); ‘Poor young man, how he was -bound to scaure for it’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, v. 3 (Nurse). ‘Scour’ -(or ‘Scaur’ in Norfolk) is in prov. use for being afflicted with diarrhoea, -see EDD. (s.v. Scour, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scour the queer cramp-ring,</span></span> to wear the prison fetters (Cant). -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘<span class='it'>skower the cramp-rings</span>, weare fetters’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 84; ‘<span class='it'>quyerkyn</span> (= queer ken), a pryson-house’, ib.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>’scourse,</span></span> for <span class='it'>discourse</span>; with a quibbling reference to <span class='it'>scourse</span> or <span class='it'>scorse</span>, -to barter. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scout,</span></span> a slang term for a watch, or pocket time-piece; because a <span class='it'>scout</span> -is a <span class='it'>watchman</span>. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond senior).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrag,</span></span> a scraggy creature, lean man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -iii. 606.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrat,</span></span> to scratch. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, st. 115; ‘I scratte as a beest -dothe that hath sharp nayles, <span class='it'>Je gratigne</span>’, Palsgrave. In gen. prov. use -in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>scrattyn</span>, or scracchyn (Prompt.); to -<span class='it'>scratte</span>, ‘scalpere’ (Cath. Angl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scratches, the,</span></span> a disease of horses, in which the pasterns appear as -if scratched. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘<span class='it'>Arestin</span>, the -scratches in a horses pasterne’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. (1623).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrawl, scraul,</span></span> to ‘crawl’. Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune, -i. 1. 15; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 146; <span class='it'>scraul</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. 9. -See Nares (s.v. Scrall). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>screwed gun,</span></span> a gun furnished with a screwed barrel, i.e. having -a helically grooved bore. Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). -First known in 1646.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrike,</span></span> to ‘shriek’. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 18. Swed. <span class='it'>skrika</span>, to shriek. -In prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Skrike).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scrimer,</span></span> a fencer. Hamlet, iv. 7. 101. Cp. ‘scrim’ in prov. use for -striking vigorously, ‘scrimmish,’ a skirmish (EDD.). F. <span class='it'>escrimeur</span>, ‘a -fencer’; <span class='it'>escrimer</span>, ‘to fence, or play at fence, also, to lay hard about him’ -(Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Skirmish).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scroyle,</span></span> a scoundrel; a term of contempt. King John, ii. 1. 373; -B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen). Of obscure origin (NED.). -See Notes on Eng. Etym., 263.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scruze,</span></span> to press out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 56. A Glouc. word, see -EDD. (s.v. Scruse).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scry,</span></span> to descry, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 38; Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, i. 190. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Scry, -vb.<sup>2</sup> 2). Norm. F. <span class='it'>escrier</span>, ‘explorer, chercher à découvrir’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scryne,</span></span> chest, ark. Spenser, Introd. to F. Q., st. 2. L. <span class='it'>scrinium</span>, a -box for keeping books, letters, &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='scull'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scull, skull,</span></span> a ‘school’ of fish, a ‘shoal’. Mirror for Mag., Shore’s -Wife, st. 29; Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 22 (ed. 1623); Milton, P. L. vii. 402; a covey -of pheasants, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 3 (Petulus); a troop, company, Warner, -Albion’s England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 57. ‘Scull’ is in prov. use in Hants. for -a great number of people, see EDD. (s.v. School, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scum, skumme,</span></span> to scour, with respect to land or sea; ‘There were -sent forth rydars to skumme the country’, Morte Arthur, leaf 26, back, 30; -bk. i, c. 13. F. ‘<span class='it'>escumer</span>; <span class='it'>escumer la mer</span>, to scowr, as a fleet, the sea’ (Cotgr.); -<span class='it'>escumeur</span>, ‘corsaire qui fait des courses sur mer, pirate’ (Didot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='scumber'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scumber,</span></span> to void excrement, as a dog or fox. ‘<span class='it'>Fienter</span>, to dung, -scumber’, Cotgrave; ‘When they (hounds) are led out of their kennels to -scumber’, Massinger, Picture, v. 1 (Ricardo). Used in Cornwall of a bird -(EDD.). OF. <span class='it'>escombrer</span>, to clean out (Godefroy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#bescumber'>bescumber</a>, <a href='#scombre'>scombre</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scur;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#skirr'>skirr</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scurer,</span></span> a scout, one sent forward to reconnoitre. Mirror for Mag., -Guidericus, st. 36; ‘Out was our scurer sent agayn . . . to shew wher -aboute the place was’, More, Comfort ag. Tribulation (Wks., p. 1181). -OF. <span class='it'>descouvreur</span>, ‘espion, qui va à la découverte’ (Didot); Med. L. <span class='it'>disco-operator</span> -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scurrile,</span></span> scurrilous, vulgarly witty. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 148; Two Noble -Kinsmen, v. 1. 153. L. <span class='it'>scurrilis</span>, buffoon-like; from <span class='it'>scurra</span>, a buffoon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scut,</span></span> a hare. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 632. ME. <span class='it'>scut</span>, a hare -(Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>scute,</span></span> a coin of small value. Chapman, All Fools, v. 1 (Valerio). In -prov. use from Dorset to Cornwall for a sum of money, see EDD. (s.v. -Scute, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Properly an E. name for the French coin called <span class='it'>ėcu</span>, OF. <span class='it'>escut</span>, -L. <span class='it'>scutum</span>, a shield.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sdayn,</span></span> to disdain. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 44.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sea-card,</span></span> the card on which the points of the compass were marked. -Fletcher, The Chances, i. 10 (near the end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#card1'>card</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sea-holm,</span></span> sea-holly. Drayton, Pol. i. 125. Cp. <span class='it'>holm-oak</span>; and see -<span class='bold'><a href='#eringo'>eringo</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='seam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seam,</span></span> fat, grease. Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 195; Dryden, tr. Aeneid, vii. 867. -In gen. prov. use in the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Saim). ME. <span class='it'>seim</span>, -grease (Ancr. R. 412). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>saim</span>, ‘adeps’ (Ps. lxii. 6), cp. Ital. <span class='it'>saime</span>, -O. Prov. <span class='it'>sagin</span> (<span class='it'>saīn</span>), ‘graisse’ (Levy), Med. L. <span class='it'>sagimen</span>, ‘adeps, sagina’ -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>searce, searse,</span></span> to sift through a sieve. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Ariosto). ‘Searce’ was formerly a widely spread prov. word for -a fine sieve; as a vb. ‘to sift’ it still appears in Northumbrian and Kentish -Glosses (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>sarce</span>, a sieve (Prompt.); <span class='it'>sarcyn</span>, to sift (id., -EETS. 450; see notes, no. 1875 and no. 2204). OF. <span class='it'>saas</span> (F. <span class='it'>sas</span>), a sieve. -Span. <span class='it'>cedazo</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>setatium</span> (Ducange), der. of L. <span class='it'>seta</span>, <span class='it'>saeta</span>, a bristle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sear-cloth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sear-cloth,</span></span> to cover with ‘cere-cloth’ or waxed cloth. Dryden, -Annus Mirab. 148. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cere-cloth'>cere-cloth</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>season upon</span></span> (or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>on</span></span>), to seize upon. Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, -st. 15; ‘I season upon a thynge as a hauke doth, <span class='it'>je assaysonne</span>. She -saysouned upon the fesante at the first flyght’, Palsgrave; ‘It is mete for -any lyon . . . to season his pawes upon his pray’, Acolastus, ii. 3. See -NED. (s.v. Season, vb. 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sect,</span></span> a class or kind of persons, used with reference to sex, 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 41; Fletcher, Valentinian, i. 1 (Chilax); Middleton, Mad World, ii. -6. In prov. use in various parts of England; also in illiterate use in -London; see EDD. and NED. Cp. Chaucer, ‘(The wife of Bath) and al -hire secte’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1171). L. <span class='it'>secta</span>, a following, a school or sect of philosophy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sectary,</span></span> one who belongs to a sect, a dissenter. Hen. VIII, v. 3. 70; -Puritan Widow, i. 2. 5. F. <span class='it'>sectaire</span>, ‘a sectary, follower of a sect’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sectour,</span></span> executor. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 62; ‘Sectour, <span class='it'>executeur</span>’, -Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>sectour</span>, ‘exequitour’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>seketowre</span>, ‘executor’ -(Prompt., Harl. MS.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Sedgeley curse,</span></span> an imprecation recorded by Ray among the proverbs -of Staffordshire. It is given by Beaumont and Fl. in this form: -‘A Sedgly curse light on him, which is, Pedro, The fiend ride through -him booted and spurred, With a scythe at his back!’, Tamer Tamed, v. 2; -Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Plenty). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>see,</span></span> a seat of dignity or authority, a throne; ‘Jove laught on Venus -from his soveraigne see’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 2; the dwelling-place of -a monarch, F. Q. iv. 10. 30.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>see,</span></span> <span class='it'>pret. s.</span> (I) saw, (he) saw, Greene, Sonnet, l. 4 (ed. Dyce, 292). -Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. See, 1 (6)). OE. <span class='it'>seah</span>, pt. t. of <span class='it'>sēon</span>, to -see.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seek:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to blow a seek</span>, to sound notes on a horn, summoning hounds -to the chase of a deer. Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, i. 314).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seek:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to seek</span>, at a loss, badly off; ‘The Merchant will be to seeke -for Money’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 4; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 2. Cp. -Porson’s famous epigram in Museum Criticum, i. 332, ‘The Germans in -Greek, Are sadly to seek’, &c. See NED. (s.v. Seek, vb. 20 b).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='seel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seel,</span></span> to close up a bird’s eyelids, by means of a thread passed through -them. <span class='it'>A seeled dove</span>, ‘She brought them to a seeled dove, who the blinder -she was, the higher she strave’, Sidney, Arcadia (ed. Sommer, 65); Bacon, -Essay 36. It was believed that a seeled dove would mount always higher -aloft, till it sank from exhaustion; see Ford, Broken Heart, ii. 2. 3. -Palsgrave has: ‘I cele a hauke, <span class='it'>Ie cile</span>.’ F. <span class='it'>ciller</span>, ‘to seele, or sow up -the eyelids’ (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>cil</span>, an eyelash, L. <span class='it'>cilium</span>, an eyelid, eyelash.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='seeld'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seeld,</span></span> seldom, Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 20. See <span class='bold'><a href='#seld'>seld</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seeling,</span></span> a wainscot, wainscoting. Bacon, Essay 54; ceiling, North, -tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (in Shak. Plut. p. 238).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seemless,</span></span> unseemly. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 25; Chapman, tr. of -Odyssey, xx. 397.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seemlyhed,</span></span> comeliness. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seen,</span></span> equipped, furnished; versed, practised; ‘Seen in many things’, -Heywood, A Woman killed, ii. 1 (Frankford); <span class='it'>well seen</span>, Tam. Shrew, i. -2. 136; Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8 (p. 37). In prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sege'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sege,</span></span> a seat. Morte Arthur, leaf 220. 7; bk. x, c. 16. ME. <span class='it'>sege</span>: ‘He -schal sitte on the sege of his maieste’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxv. 31). Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>sege</span>, seat (Ps. lxxxviii. 14), O. Prov. <span class='it'>setge</span>, ‘siège, banc, séance, siège d’une -ville’ (Levy). See <span class='bold'><a href='#siege'>siege</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seggs,</span></span> sedges. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 3. 15. A Northern form (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Seisactheia,</span></span> an ordinance of Solon by which all debts were lowered. -Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. σεισάχθεια, a shaking off of -burdens.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>selago,</span></span> a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. <span class='it'>selago</span>, a -plant resembling the savin-tree.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>selar,</span></span> a canopy of a bed; ‘The selar of the bedde’, Morte Arthur, -leaf 349, back, 24; bk. xvii, c. 6. ‘Cellar for a bed, <span class='it'>ciel de lit</span>’, Palsgrave. -See NED. (s.v. Celure).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>selcouth,</span></span> strange, uncommon. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14. A Scottish -poetical word (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>selcouth</span>, strange, wonderful (P. Plowman, -C. i. 5); OE. <span class='it'>seldcūð</span>, strange, lit. seldom known.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='seld'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seld,</span></span> seldom. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 150; hence <span class='it'>seld-shown</span>, seldom shown, -Coriolanus, ii. 1. 229; <span class='it'>seld-seen</span>, Humour out of Breath, i. 1 (Octavio); -as adj. rare, scarce, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 4. ME. <span class='it'>seld</span> (<span class='it'>selde</span>), -seldom (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2343). See <span class='bold'><a href='#seeld'>seeld</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sellary,</span></span> a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius). -L. <span class='it'>sellarius</span> (Tacitus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sely'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sely,</span></span> harmless; ‘A selye innocente hare murdered of a dogge’, -More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, p. 111). Also, poor, helpless, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 51. 18. ME. <span class='it'>sely</span>, simple, innocent, also, poor, pitiable (Chaucer); -but Chaucer uses the word also in other senses: good, holy, happy. See -Trench, Select Glossary (s.v. Silly). See <span class='bold'><a href='#silly'>silly</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>semblably,</span></span> similarly. 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 21. F. <span class='it'>semblable</span>, like. F. -<span class='it'>sembler</span>, to seem, resemble.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>semblant,</span></span> demeanour. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 31; Morte Arthur, bk. -ii, c. 17; <span class='it'>to make semblant</span> (= F. <span class='it'>faire semblant</span>), to make a show, appearance, -or pretence (of doing something), id., bk. vii, c. 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seminary,</span></span> an Englishman educated as a Popish priest in a foreign -seminary. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>semitary,</span></span> a form of scimetar. B. Jonson, Case is altered, v. 2 -(Juniper); <span class='it'>semitarie</span>, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cemitare'>cemitare</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sempster,</span></span> a sempstress; also a spinster, as applied to the three Fates, -Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Shadow). In prov. use in Yorks. and -Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Seamster). ME. <span class='it'>semster</span> (Dest. Troy, 1585), -OE. <span class='it'>sēamestre</span>, a sempstress (B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sennet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sennet,</span></span> a signal-call played on a trumpet, the signal for entrance or -exit. Common in the stage-directions in the Tudor drama. It occurs in -various forms, such as <span class='it'>synnet</span>, <span class='it'>sinet</span>, <span class='it'>cynet</span>, <span class='it'>signate</span>. Hen. VIII, ii. 4; J. Caesar, -i. 2; Ant. and Cl. ii. 7; Coriol. ii. 1; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. O. Prov. <span class='it'>senhet</span> -(<span class='it'>signet</span>), ‘signe’ (Levy), OF. <span class='it'>sinet</span> (Littré). See Notes on Eng. Etym., -p. 264.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sensing,</span></span> ‘incensing’, use of incense. Latimer, Sermon on the -Ploughers (ed. Arber, p. 30). ME. <span class='it'>censynge</span>, ‘turificacio’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sent,</span></span> perception. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 43. The old spelling of <span class='it'>scent</span>; so -in Cotgrave, ‘<span class='it'>Odeur</span>, sent, smell’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sere,</span></span> separate, distinct, each in particular. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. -Arber, 107). ME. <span class='it'>ser</span>, distinct, each in particular (Ormin, 18653). Icel. <span class='it'>sér</span>, -orig. dat. of refl. pron. ‘for oneself’, hence as adv. separately.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sere,</span></span> the claw or talon of a bird or beast of prey. Usually in the pl. -<span class='it'>seres</span>; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 212; xii. 213; Odyssey, ii. 238; Revenge -of Bussy, iii. 1 (Clermont); Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1. 16. F. <span class='it'>serre</span>, a hawk’s -talon (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sere,</span></span> the catch in a gun-lock which is released by the trigger. Hamlet, -ii. 2. 337 (see note by W. Aldis Wright). It was like a claw. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>serene,</span></span> a chill evening air; ‘Some serene blast me’, B. Jonson, -Volpone, iii. 5 (Celia); Epigrams, xxxii (last line). F. <span class='it'>serein</span>, ‘the mildew, -or harmful dew of some summer evenings’ (Cotgr.). Ital. ‘<span class='it'>sereno</span>, the night -calm; <span class='it'>serenata</span>, music played in a clear evening’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sericon,</span></span> the name of some chemical substance. B. Jonson, Alchem. -ii. 1 (Subtle). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>serpentin,</span></span> a kind of cannon. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 159; -‘<span class='it'>Serpentine</span>, the artillery called a Serpentine or Basiliskoe’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>serpigo,</span></span> a general term for creeping or spreading skin diseases, esp. -ringworm, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 31 (variously spelt in the edd.). Medical -L. <span class='it'>serpigo</span>, ‘teter’ (Alphita, 167), deriv. of <span class='it'>serpere</span>, to creep.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>servant,</span></span> a professed lover, one who is devoted to the service of a lady. -Two Gent. of Verona, ii. 1. 106, 114, 140. Very common. Cp. Ital. -<span class='it'>cavaliere servente</span>; see Fanfani.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>servulate,</span></span> to serve obsequiously. Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, -i. 2 (Egremont). From L. <span class='it'>servulus</span>, dimin. of servus, a slave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sesama,</span></span> oil from the seeds of a plant, sesame, one of the ingredients -of a perfume. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. σησάμη.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sesarara;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sasarara'>sasarara</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sess, seiss,</span></span> to assess. Pt. t. <span class='it'>sessyd</span>, Fabyan, Chron., p. vii, ann. -1257-8 (ed. Ellis, p. 344); pp. <span class='it'>seissed</span>, North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius, -§ 33 (in Shak. Plut., p. 204). In prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>set out the throat,</span></span> to set up a noise, cry out. B. Jonson, Alchem. -v. 2 (Face); Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>setter,</span></span> a confederate of sharpers or swindlers, employed as a decoy -(Cant). Nashe, Strange Newes, 1592; see Aydelotte, p. 86; Butler, Hud., -Lady’s Answer, 153. One who marks down travellers to be robbed by -thieves, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 53.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>settle,</span></span> a long bench, with a very high back. Albumazar, i. 1 (Ronca). -In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Settle, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='setwall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>setwall,</span></span> the East Indian plant zedoary, Palsgrave; the plant valerian, -‘Drink-quickning Setwale’, Spenser, Muiopotmos, 196; spelt cetywall, -Drayton, Ballad of Dowsabell, 33 (in later editions <span class='it'>setywall</span>). ME. <span class='it'>setwale</span> -or <span class='it'>sedwale</span>, ‘zedoarium’ (Prompt.); <span class='it'>cetewale</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3207). -O. Span. <span class='it'>cetoal</span>, <span class='it'>sitoval</span>, <span class='it'>cedoaria</span>; of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, -251.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sew,</span></span> to follow; ‘Seven kings sewen me’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 248; to sue, to plead, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 29; to woo, id., iii. -5. 47. See Dict. (s.v. Sue).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sew,</span></span> to drain dry; ‘To drain and sew’, North, tr. of Plutarch, -Jul. Caesar, § 39 (in Shak. Plut., p. 93); Tusser, Husbandry, 32. In -prov. use in E. Anglia, Kent, Sussex, and Dorset, see EDD. (s.v. Sew, vb.<sup>2</sup>). -OF. <span class='it'>esuer</span> (Burguy); F. <span class='it'>essuier</span>, to dry up (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>essuier</span>, ‘évier, conduit -par lequel s’écoulent les eaux sales d’une cuisine’ (Didot). See Hatzfeld -(s.v. Essuyer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sewell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#shewelle'>shewelle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sewer,</span></span> an attendant at a meal who superintended the seating of the -guests, and the tasting and serving of the dishes. Macbeth, i. 7, Stage -Direction. ME. <span class='it'>sewer</span> at the mete, ‘depositor, discoforus’ (Cath. Angl.); -<span class='it'>seware</span> at mete, ‘dapifer’ (Prompt.). OF. <span class='it'>asseour</span>, ‘en parlant du service de -la table, <span class='it'>qui fait asseoir</span>’ (Godefroy), Pop. L. <span class='it'>assedatorem</span> (acc.), one who sets, -places, deriv. of <span class='it'>assedare</span>, to set, place, cp. Norm. F. <span class='it'>aseer</span>, to place; see -Moisy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sextile,</span></span> denoting the aspect or relative position of two planets, when -distant from each other by sixty degrees; a sextile aspect. Fletcher, -Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Randolph, Jealous Lovers, v. 2; Milton, -P. L. x. 659.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>seymy,</span></span> greasy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 169. See <span class='bold'><a href='#seam'>seam</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sforzato,</span></span> a galley-slave. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. -‘<span class='it'>sforzati</span>, galley-slaves, as forced to do anything’ (Florio), cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>forçat</span>, -galley-slave’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shack,</span></span> the shaken grain which remains on the fields after harvesting; -hence <span class='it'>shack-time</span>, the time during which this grain remains on the ground, -Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 30; <span class='it'>to shack</span>, to turn pigs or poultry into the -stubble fields. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Shake, 9, 20, 21).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shackatory,</span></span> apparently, a huntsman’s underling. Dekker, Honest -Wh., Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shadow,</span></span> a reflection in water; ‘Aesop had a foolish dog that let go the -flesh to catch the shadow’, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, -p. 37; a disguise, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Hempskirke); a friend of -an invited guest (L. <span class='it'>umbra</span>), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. 1. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shaft,</span></span> a May-pole, esp. the May-pole in Aldgate ward, London, which -‘shaft’, when it was set on end and fixed to the ground, was higher than -the steeple of the church, which was hence called St. Andrew Undershaft. -This ‘shaft’ was not raised after May-day, 1517, on account of a disturbance -of the apprentices. Thirty-two years after it was sawn in pieces -and burned as an idol. Stow, Survey (ed. Thoms, 54); Pennant’s London, -587. See Nares (s.v. Shaft), and Chambers, Book of Days, p. 574.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shaftman,</span></span> a measure of about six inches, being the length from the -top of the extended thumb to the wrist-side of the palm. Harington, tr. -Ariosto, xxxvi. 56; <span class='it'>shaftmon</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 124, back, 8; bk. vii, c. 22; -<span class='it'>shaftmont</span>, ‘His leg was scarce a shaftmont lang’, Child’s Pop. Ballads, -ii. 330; <span class='it'>shaftement</span>, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 112. ‘Shaftment’ is in prov. use -in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>schaftmonde</span> (Death of Arthur, 2546, -3843, 4232); OE. <span class='it'>sceaftmund</span>, a palm’s length (B. T.). See NED. (s.v. -Shaftment).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shag-rag,</span></span> ragged, vagabond-like; ‘A shag-rag knave’, Marlowe, Jew -of Malta, iv. 5 (Barabas). The word ‘shag-rag’ is in prov. use in the -north country to denote an idle, ragged vagabond, see EDD. (s.v. Shag, -vb.<sup>3</sup> 2 (2)). See <span class='bold'><a href='#shake-rag'>shake-rag</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shailes,</span></span> scarecrows. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § 2; see -Croft’s note. Perhaps cognate with ME. <span class='it'>schey</span>, shy, timid (Prompt.). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#shewelle'>shewelle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='shake-rag'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shake-rag,</span></span> a ragged disreputable person, Brome, Jovial Crew, iii. -(NED.). [‘He was a shake-rag like fellow’, Scott, Guy Man., xxvi.] Also -<span class='it'>shake</span>, Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (1 Suitor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shake the elbow,</span></span> to throw dice, to gamble. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Ariosto).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shaking of the sheets,</span></span> the name of an old dance, usually mentioned -with an indecent suggestion. Westward Ho, v. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shale,</span></span> a shell, husk. Hen. V, iv. 2. 18; Parliament of Bees, character -5 (end). ME. <span class='it'>shale</span> (Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>scealu</span>, a husk.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shale,</span></span> to shell, take of the husk; ‘I shale peasen’, Palsgrave; ‘A -little lad set on a bancke to shale the ripen’d nuts’, W. Browne, Brit. -Pastorals, bk. ii, song 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shale, vb.<sup>1</sup> 14). ME. -<span class='it'>shale</span>, notys or odyr frute, ‘enucleo’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). Cp. F. <span class='it'>eschaller</span>: -‘<span class='it'>eschalleur de noys</span>, qui écale des noix’ (Glossaire, Rabelais, ii. 160).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='shale3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shale,</span></span> to shamble with the feet; ‘<span class='it'>Esgrailler</span>, to shale or straddle with -the legs’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Shale, vb.<sup>2</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#shayle'>shayle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shalla,</span></span> for <span class='it'>shall he</span>; ‘Shalla go In deede? and shalla flowte me thus?,’ -Phaer, Aeneid iv, 590, 591. <span class='it'>A</span> for <span class='it'>he</span> is common in prov. use when unemphatic, -see EDD. (s.v. He, 1 (1)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sham,</span></span> to take in, to hoax; ‘You shammed me all night long . . . -<span class='it'>Freeman</span>. Shamming is telling you an insipid, dull lye, with a dull -face, which the sly wag the author only laughs at himself; and, making -himself believe ’tis a good jest, puts the sham only upon himself, -Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. Cp. Sc. <span class='it'>sham</span>, to cheat, trick, deceive, see -EDD. (s.v. Sham, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shamois,</span></span> shoes made of the wild goat’s skin. Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 19.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shape,</span></span> the costume suited to a particular part in a play. Massinger, -Bondman, v. 3 (Pisander).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shard,</span></span> a fragment, a piece of broken pottery, a potsherd; ‘Shards, -flints and pebbles should be thrown on her’, Hamlet, v. 1. 254. In prov. -use in the sense of a broken piece in Scotland and in the various parts of -England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>scherde</span>, ‘testula’ (Prompt. EETS.), OE. <span class='it'>sceard</span>, -‘testa’ (B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shard,</span></span> a patch of cow-dung; ‘They are his shards, and he their -beetle’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 2. 19; ‘Such souls as shards produce, such beetle -things As only buz to heaven with ev’ning wings’, Dryden, Hind and P. -i. 321; ‘The shard-borne beetle’ (the beetle born in dung), Macbeth, iii. -2. 42. ‘Shard,’ meaning a patch of cow-dung, is in prov. use in Yorks. and -Wilts. (EDD.). Probably related to ‘sharn’ in prov. use for dung of -cattle; OE. <span class='it'>scearn</span> (Leechdoms); see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shard.</span></span> In Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 38, ‘When late he far’d In Phaedrias -flitt barke over that perlous shard.’ Spenser appears to use ‘shard’ here -in the sense of ‘a channel’. It is probably the same word as ‘shard’ in -prov. use for an incision, a gap, a narrow passage, see EDD. (s.v. Shard, -sb.<sup>2</sup> 1, 2, 3). OE. <span class='it'>sceard</span>, a gap, notch; the word is used for bays and -creeks in Boethius, 18. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shark,</span></span> to prowl about to pick up a living. Beaumont and Fl., Honest -Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Mallicorn); Earle, Micro-Cosmographie, no. 77 (ed. -Arber, 35); <span class='it'>shark on</span>, to prey upon, Sir Thos. More, ii. 4. 106; <span class='it'>shark up</span>, -to pick up by prowling about, Hamlet, i. 1. 98. Hence <span class='it'>shark-gull</span>, a cheat -who preys upon simpletons, Middleton, The Black Book (ed. Dyce, v. 524).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sharp.</span></span> <span class='it'>To fight at sharp</span>, to fight with sharp weapons, not with foils, -Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 3 (Galoshio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='shayle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shayle,</span></span> to shamble, to walk crookedly or awkwardly. Skelton, ed. -Dyce, i. 20, l. 19; p. 214, l. 172. Palsgrave has: ‘I shayle, as a man or -horse dothe that gothe croked with his legges, <span class='it'>Ie vas eschays</span>.’ ME. <span class='it'>schaylyn</span>, -‘disgredior’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). See <span class='bold'><a href='#shale3'>shale</a></span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#shoyle'>shoyle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheal,</span></span> to take off the outer covering of peas, King Lear, i. 4. 219. In -prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Sheal, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheath;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#painted1'>painted</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sheene'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheene,</span></span> fair, beautiful to behold. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 10; ii. 2. 40; ii. -10. 8; ‘Haill May, haill Flora, haill Aurora schene!’, Dunbar, Thrissill, 9; -as sb., fairness, splendour, Hamlet, iii. 2. 167. ME. <span class='it'>shene</span>, fair, beautiful -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 972). OE. <span class='it'>scēne</span>, <span class='it'>scȳne</span>, <span class='it'>scīene</span>, fair, identical with G. <span class='it'>schön</span>, -beautiful, Goth. <span class='it'>skauns</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheerly,</span></span> entirely. Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 4 (Memnon). A Scotch -word, used by Burns, Ep. to Major Logan (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sheeve,</span></span> a slice; ‘A sheeve of bread’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, -ch. 20, st. 29. In prov. use in Scotland and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. Sheave). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#shive'>shive</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shelf,</span></span> a sandbank. B. Jonson, The Forest, iii (l. 12 from end); <span class='it'>shelves</span>, -pl., 3 Hen. VI, v. 4. 23; ‘On the tawny sands and shelves Trip the pert -faeries’, Milton, Comus, 117. For Scotch exx. see EDD. (s.v. Shelf, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shell,</span></span> a cockle-shell worn in the hat by pilgrims to Compostella. -Heywood, Four Prentises (Godfrey), vol. ii, p. 213.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shells,</span></span> a cant term for money. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(2 Cutpurse); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shend,</span></span> to put to shame, blame, reproach. Spenser, Prothalamion, 121; -<span class='it'>shent</span>, pp., F. Q. ii. 5. 5; vi. 6. 18. In prov. use in Scotland and in Kent -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>shende</span>, to render contemptible (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 893); -<span class='it'>schende</span>, to blame, reproach (Wyclif, Ps. cxviii. 31). OE. <span class='it'>scendan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sherif'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sherif,</span></span> a title of the descendants of Mohammed, a title of the chief -magistrate of Mecca, and of Morocco; ‘The Sheriffe of Mecca’, Purchas, -Pilgrims, iii. 257. Arab. <span class='it'>sharîf</span>, noble, of noble lineage, particularly, -descending from Mohammed (Steingass). See <span class='bold'><a href='#xeriff1'>xeriff</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sherris,</span></span> ‘sherry’, a Spanish wine, so called from the town Xeres. -2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 111, 114, 122, 131. The Arabic form of the place-name -Xeres was <span class='it'>Sherêysh</span> (Dozy, Glossaire, p. 18). The Roman name was <span class='it'>Caesaris -Asidona</span>. By the loss of the first syllable, <span class='it'>Caesaris</span> became on the lips of the -Moors <span class='it'>sherêysh</span>. For a similar decapitation of the word <span class='it'>Caesar</span>, compare -the name of the Spanish city <span class='it'>Zaragoça</span>, the <span class='it'>Caesaraugusta</span> of the Romans.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='shewelle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shewelle, sewell;</span></span> ‘A <span class='it'>sewell</span>, a thing to keep out the deer’, Howell, -Lexicon Tetraglotton; ‘Anything that is hung up is called a Sewel; and -those are used most commonly to amaze a Deare, and to make him refuse -to passe wher they are hanged up’, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 98); -used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘Bugbeares of opinions brought, to serve as shewelles to keep -them from those faults’, Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia (ed. 1605, p. 267); -‘Shewell’ in the sense of a scarecrow is still in use in Oxfordsh. and -Berks. (EDD.). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>scheawle</span>, a scarecrow (Owl and N. 1648); <span class='it'>a-schewelen</span>, -to scare away (Stratmann, pp. 32, 528); deriv. of OE. <span class='it'>scēoh</span>, timid, shy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shift herself,</span></span> change her dress. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, -iii. 1. 8. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shift, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shine,</span></span> bright. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3; ‘Girt my shine browe with -sea-banke Myrtle sprays’, Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, bk. i, 1. 34 -(Wks., ed. Tucker Brooke, 560). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sheene'>sheene</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shirwood</span></span> = L. <span class='it'>lucus</span>. Phaer, Aeneid viii, 342.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shittle,</span></span> unstable, inconstant; ‘Their shittle hate’, Mirror for Mag., -Collingbourne, st. 3; ‘Shyttell, nat constant, <span class='it'>variable</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. -<span class='it'>schytyl</span>, ‘preceps’ (Prompt. EETS. 398), cogn. w. OE. <span class='it'>scēotan</span>, to run hastily -(Acts vii. 57); see Cook, Biblical Quotations, p. 234.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shittle-cock,</span></span> a shuttlecock. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 (Allwit). -‘Shyttel cocke, <span class='it'>volant</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>schytyl</span>, a shuttle (in a child’s -game), see Prompt. EETS. 398.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='shive'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shive,</span></span> a slice, Titus Andron. ii. 1. 87. In gen. prov. use in Scotland, -Ireland, England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shive, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>schyve</span> -of bred or oþer lyke, ‘lesca, scinda’ (Prompt. EETS. 399). Cp. Icel. <span class='it'>skifa</span>, -a slice, and G. <span class='it'>scheibe</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shock-dog,</span></span> a rough-coated dog; a poodle. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, -ii. 2 (Hippolyta); Tatler, no. 245.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoe-the-mare,</span></span> a Christmas sport. Middleton, Inner-Temple Masque -(Plumporridge). ‘Shoe the old mare’ is the name of a kind of sport in -Galloway, see EDD. (s.v. Shoe, vb. 10).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shog,</span></span> to move off, go away. Henry V, ii. 1. 47, ii. 3. 47; <span class='it'>shog on</span>, -Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (near the end); <span class='it'>shogd</span>, shook, pushed; -Phaer, Aeneid ii, 465; <span class='it'>shog</span>, a jog, a shake. Dryden, Epil. to The Man -of Mode, 28. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>schoggen</span>, to shake (Wars -Alex. 5018).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shold,</span></span> a shoal, sandbank. Phaer, Aeneid i, 112; Hakluyt, Voyages, -iii. 547. ‘Shald’ in various spellings is in prov. use in the north country, -meaning (1) shallow, (2) a shoal (EDD.). ME. ‘<span class='it'>schold</span> or schalowe, noȝte -depe’ (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>sceald</span>, shallow (found in place-names); see Dict. -(s.v. Shallow).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoot-anker,</span></span> sheet-anchor; hence, a means of security. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 1. 28; ‘This saying they make their shoot-anker’, -Cranmer (cited in Dict., s.v. Sheet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shope,</span></span> shaped, framed; pt. t. of <span class='it'>shape</span>. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 39. ME. -<span class='it'>shoop</span>, planned, devised (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 207), pt. s. of <span class='it'>shapen</span>; OE. -<span class='it'>scōp</span>, pt. s. of <span class='it'>sceppan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoppini,</span></span> high-heeled shoes; ‘Those high corked shoes, which now -they call in Spaine and Italy <span class='it'>Shoppini</span>’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, -c. 15; p. 49. See <span class='bold'><a href='#cioppino'>cioppino</a></span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#choppine'>choppine</a>.</span> See Stanford (s.v. Chopine).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shore,</span></span> a sewer. Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1; ‘The common shore’, A -Woman never vext (Mrs. Foster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 104; ‘Our -sailing ships like common shores we use’, Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. -558. ‘Shore’, once a common word for a sewer, is still preserved in -Shoreditch in London; also named Sewers Ditch; see Stow’s Survey, p. 158. -It is in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England, see EDD. (s.v. -Shore, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoringness,</span></span> inclination to tilt to one side; ‘A table, of the which -the thirde foot was A little shorter then the rest. A tyle-sherd made it -even And tooke away the shoringness,’ Golding, Metam. viii. 662; fol. 103 -(1603). ‘Shoring’ is in prov. use in E. Anglia, in the sense of slanting, -sloping, awry, see EDD. (s.v. Shore, vb.<sup>2</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='shot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shot,</span></span> a payment, reckoning; esp. a contribution to the payment of -a tavern score; ‘<span class='it'>Escotter</span>, every one to pay his shot or to contribute somewhat -towards it’, Cotgrave; Two Gent. ii. 5. 9; <span class='it'>shot-free</span>, without having -to pay, 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30. In gen. prov. and colloquial use in Scotland, -England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shot, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>schot</span>, a payment -(Stratmann). OE. <span class='it'>scot</span>, a contribution (in compounds), see B. T. The -Anglo-F. form is <span class='it'>escot</span> (mod. <span class='it'>écot</span>), whence E. <span class='it'>scot</span>, in <span class='it'>scot-free</span>, and <span class='it'>scot and -lot</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#escot'>escot</a>, <a href='#scot'>scot and lot</a>.</span></p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>shot-clog,</span> a dupe; one who was a <span class='it'>clog</span> upon a company, but was -tolerated because he paid the <span class='it'>shot</span> or reckoning. Eastward Ho, i. 1 -(Golding); B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Shun.); ‘A <span class='it'>shot-clog</span>, to make -suppers, and be laughed at’, B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Ovid senior). -Spelt <span class='it'>shot-log</span>, Field, Amends for Ladies, iii (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>shot-shark,</span> a tavern waiter; because he sharks for (or hunts after) -the reckoning or shot. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4. 1.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shotten,</span></span> lean. Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 4. 9. From the phr. -<span class='it'>shotten herring</span>, a herring that has spent the roe, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 143. ‘As -lean as a shot-herring’ is given in EDD. as a Derbyshire saying. ‘Shotten’ -is used in Kent of the herring that has spent its roe, see EDD. (s.v. -Shot, pp. 5).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>shotten-souled,</span> deprived of a soul; soulless. Fletcher, Wit without -Money, iii. 4. 2.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shotterell, shotrell,</span></span> a pike in his first year; ‘An harlotrie [i.e. -worthless] <span class='it'>shotterell</span>’, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Carion); ‘The Shotrell, -1 year, Pickerel, 2 year, Pike, 3 year, Luce, 4 year, are one’, W. Lauson, -Comments on the Secrets of Angling; in Arber’s Eng. Garner, i. 197.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shough,</span></span> a rough dog with shaggy hair. Macbeth, iii. 1. 94; Ford, -Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3 (Grilla). Also in forms <span class='it'>shog</span> and <span class='it'>shock</span>, ‘Nor -mungrell nor shog’, Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares); ‘Their little shocks or -Bononia dogs’, Erminia, 1661 (Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shough, shoo,</span></span> <span class='it'>interj.</span>, away! used to scare away fowls. Fletcher, -Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoule,</span></span> a ‘shovel’. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Jack); -vol. vi, p. 424. For various forms of ‘shool’, a word which is in gen. -prov. use in the British Isles and America, see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shouler,</span></span> a bird; the ‘shoveller’ or spoonbill. Drayton, Pol. xxv. -353. Skelton has <span class='it'>shouelar</span> (= <span class='it'>shovelar</span>), Phylyp Sparowe, 408.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shovelboard,</span></span> the name of a game. The game was to <span class='it'>shuffle</span> or drive -by a blow of the hand a counter or coin along a smooth <span class='it'>board</span>, so as to pass -beyond a line drawn across the board near the far end, but so as not to -fall off the board; ‘Plaieing at slide-groat or shoofleboard’, Stanyhurst, -Desc. of Ireland, ann. 1528; <span class='it'>Edward shovel-board</span>, a shilling coined in the -reign of Edward VI commonly used in the game of shovel-board, Merry -Wives, i. 1. 159. A similar game was called <span class='it'>shove-groat</span>, hence <span class='it'>shove-groat -shilling</span>, the coin used at the game, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 206; B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. iii. 5. 17 (see Wheatley’s note). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='shoyle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shoyle,</span></span> to lean outwards on the foot in walking. Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 55 (p. 155), says that wild swine never ‘shoyle or leane outwards’, -as tame hogs do. See <span class='bold'><a href='#shayle'>shayle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shraming,</span></span> making a great noise, screaming; ‘Shraming shalms’, -Golding, Metam. iv. 392; fol. 48, back (1603); ‘She shraming cryed’, id., -viii. 108; fol. 94.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrewd,</span></span> malicious, mischievous, ill-natured, All’s Well, iii. 5. 68; -Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 33; bad, nasty, grievous, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 244; -Ant. and Cl. iv. 9. 5. The word is used in Shropshire in the sense of -‘vicious’ (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>schrewyd</span>, ‘pravus, pravatus, depravatus’ (Prompt. -EETS. 401).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrich,</span></span> to ‘shriek’. Gascoigne, Philomene, ll. 22, 52. ME. <span class='it'>schrichen</span>, -variants <span class='it'>schriken</span>, <span class='it'>skriken</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4590).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrieve,</span></span> a ‘sheriff’. All’s Well, iv. 3. 213; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 99. -ME. <span class='it'>shirreve</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 359). OE. <span class='it'>scīr-gerēfa</span>. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shright,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> shrieked; ‘Out! alas! she shryght’, Sackville, Mirror -for Mag., Induction, st. 18; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 32. ME. <span class='it'>shrighte</span> (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2817), pt. t. of <span class='it'>schrychen</span> (<span class='it'>schriken</span>) to shriek. See Dict. M. and S. -(s.v. Schrychen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shright,</span></span> a shriek. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 57; vi. 4. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrill,</span></span> thin, poor; ‘Age . . . all balde or ouer-cast With shril, thin -haire as white as snow’, Golding, Metam. xv. 213. ‘Shrill’ (also ‘shill’) -is in prov. use in Bedf. and Northants for thin, poor; also clear, transparent, -applied to book-muslin (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrill,</span></span> to sound shrilly, to resound. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 20; v. 7. 27.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrimp,</span></span> a shrunken, wizened man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 600.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Shrove-Tuesday bird,</span></span> a cock tied down, at which cudgels were -thrown, on a Shrove Tuesday. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 3 -(Lapet; near the end). See Brand’s Pop. Ant. (ed. 1877, p. 37).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shroving,</span></span> joining in the ceremonies and sports of Shrove Tuesday. -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 5 (Eyre); Fletcher, Noble Gent. iii. 2 -(Lady). See EDD. (s.v. Shrove, vb.), where it is said that the custom of -‘shroving’, i.e. going round singing for money, &c., on Shrove Tuesday, -is known from Oxf. to Dorset.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shrow,</span></span> a ‘shrew’, a vixen, a scold. A frequent spelling of <span class='it'>shrew</span> in -old editions of Shakespeare; and always pronounced so, cp. the rimes -in Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 213; v. 2. 28; v. 2. 188; <span class='it'>shroe</span>, Peele, Arraignment -of Paris, iv. 1 (Bacchus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shug,</span></span> to slip, to wriggle. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Dog). -See EDD. (s.v. Shuck, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shuter,</span></span> a suitor. A common pronunciation of <span class='it'>suitor</span>; puns on <span class='it'>shooter</span> -and <span class='it'>suitor</span> occur often. London Prodigal, i. 2. 42; cp. L. L. L. iv. 1. 110; -Puritan Widow, il. 1. 97.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>shuttle-brained,</span></span> thoughtless, flighty. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, -§ 6. From the movements of the <span class='it'>shuttle</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sidanen,</span></span> a fine woman; an epithet. Northward Ho, ii. 1 (Capt. Jenkin). -Welsh <span class='it'>sidanen</span>, silken, made of silk; also, an epithet for a fine woman -(Owen). Applied sometimes to Queen Elizabeth; so Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>siddon,</span></span> soft, tender, mellow. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 1 (Piero). -Current in west midland counties, chiefly of peas or other vegetables -which become soft in boiling, see EDD. (s.v. Sidder). Cp. OE. <span class='it'>syde</span>, a -decoction, the water in which anything has been seethed or boiled (B. T.). -Cognate with <span class='it'>seethe</span>, pp. <span class='it'>sodden</span>; see Dict. (s.v. Seethe).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>side,</span></span> long, hanging down a long way; ‘Side sleeves’, Much Ado, iii. 4. 21; -Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 440; B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1 (Fly). In prov. -use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>syde</span>, as a gowne, -‘defluxus, talaris’ (Cath. Angl.); ‘syde sleeves’ (Hoccleve, Reg. P. 535). -See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Syde). OE. <span class='it'>sīd</span>, ample, wide, large, extensive.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>side, to set up a,</span></span> to be partners in a game. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, -iii. 2 (Cent.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sie, sye,</span></span> to strain milk. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 10. ‘I sye -mylke, or clense’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Scotland, England down -to Glouc. (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>sēon</span> (<span class='it'>sīan</span>), to strain; cp. <span class='it'>asiende</span>, ‘excolantes’ (Matt. -xxiii. 24, Mercian Gloss); see B. T. (s.v. <span class='it'>āsēon</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='siege'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>siege,</span></span> a seat, esp. one used by a person of rank or distinction, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 2. 39; hence, rank, Othello, i. 2. 22; the station of a heron on -the watch for prey, Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a privy, Phaer, -Pestilence (NED.); evacuation, B. Jonson, Sejanus, i. 2; excrement, -Tempest, ii. 2. 110. ME. <span class='it'>sege</span>, ‘sedes, secessus’ (Prompt. EETS. 404, see -notes). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sege'>sege</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sieve and shears,</span></span> a mode of divination; used for the recovery of -things lost. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 848. See -EDD. (s.v. Riddle, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (1)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sifflement,</span></span> a whistling, chirping. Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (Auditus). -F. <span class='it'>siffler</span>, to whistle, L. <span class='it'>sifilare</span>, a dialect form of <span class='it'>sibilare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> sighed. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 20; vi. 10. 40. ME. <span class='it'>sighte</span> -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 1035), pt. s. of <span class='it'>syke</span>, to sigh.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>signatures,</span></span> marks. The medicinal virtues of some plants were supposed -to be indicated by their forms or by marks upon them. Butler, -Hud. iii. 1. 329.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sikerly,</span></span> certainly, surely. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, last scene -(Gammer). Still in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Sickerly). ME. <span class='it'>sikerly</span> (Chaucer); <span class='it'>sikerliche</span> (P. Plowman). OE. <span class='it'>sicor</span>, sure, -safe; certain (B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>silder,</span></span> less frequently. Tancred and Gismunda, ii. 3 (Lucrece); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 46. See <span class='bold'><a href='#seld'>seld</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='silly'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>silly,</span></span> simple, rustic; innocent. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 35; iii. 8. 27; -poor, wretched, weak, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, pp. 491, 533. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sely'>sely</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>silverling,</span></span> a piece of silver; ‘Fifty thousande silverlynges’, Tyndale, -Acts xix. 9; so the Cranmer version, 1539, and the Geneva, 1557; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, -Isaiah vii. 23; here Luther has <span class='it'>Silberlinge</span>. In Marlowe, Jew of Malta, -i. 1. 6, <span class='it'>silverling</span> = the Jewish coin, the shekel.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simming,</span></span> simmering. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 6. 27.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simper,</span></span> to twinkle, glimmer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, -iii. 1. 8; ‘I mark how starres above Simper and shine’, G. Herbert, The -Church, The Search, l. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simper,</span></span> to simmer; ‘I symper, as lycour dothe on the fyre before it -begynneth to boyle’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in north Ireland, west Yorks., -and east Anglia (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simper-the-cocket,</span></span> an affected coquettish air; a woman so characterised, -a flirt. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 55; <span class='it'>simper de cocket</span>, ‘<span class='it'>Coquine</span>, a beggar-woman; also a simper -de cockit, nice thing’, Cotgrave; Heywood’s Proverbs, Pt. ii, ch. 1 (ed. -Farmer, 52). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simple,</span></span> a simple remedy, as a plant used medicinally without admixture; -‘Where a sycknesse may be cured with symples’, Sir T. Elyot, -Castel of Helthe, bk. ii, c. 28; to gather simples or medicinal herbs, -Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 823.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>simulty,</span></span> a grudge. B. Jonson, Discoveries, cxxii, § 2. F. <span class='it'>simulté</span>, -a grudge (Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>simultas</span>, a hostile encounter, animosity.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sin,</span></span> since. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 44. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>sithen</span>, since (Wars Alex.); see Dict. M. and S. OE. <span class='it'>sīððan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>single:</span></span> <span class='it'>single money</span>, small change; ‘The ale-wives’ single money’, -B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 5 (Pedro).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>single,</span></span> in hunting, the tail of a deer; ‘The tayle of Harte, Bucke, -Rowe or any other Deare is to be called the Syngle’, Turbervile, Hunting, -243 (NED.); Howell, Parley of Beasts, 63; used of Pan’s tail, ‘That single -wagging at thy butt’, Cotton, Burlesque, 277 (Davies). Hence, ‘a boy -leasht on the single’, is explained by ‘beaten on the taile’, Lyly, Midas, -iv. 3 (Pet.). Still in prov. use in Northants. and west Somerset, see EDD. -(s.v. Single, sb.<sup>1</sup> 9).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='singler'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>singler,</span></span> a full-grown wild boar. Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#sanglier'>sanglier</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>singles,</span></span> the claws of a hawk. The middle claws were called the <span class='it'>long -singles</span>, and the outer the <span class='it'>petty singles</span>. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 -(Sir Francis). The <span class='it'>single</span> was orig. the middle or outer claw on the foot -of the hawk (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>singles,</span></span> the entrails; ‘The singles (Lat. <span class='it'>prosecta</span>) also of a wolfe’, -Golding, Metam. vii. 271; fol. 82 (1603). Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sink and sise,</span></span> five and six; at dice; ‘All at sink and sise’, i.e. -I have lost all my effects at dice-playing, Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iii. 346.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sinkanter,</span></span> a term of contempt; ‘One Volanerius, an old sinkanter or -gamester and scurrilous companion by profession’, Jackson, Creed, x. 19; -‘<span class='it'>Rocard</span>, an overworn sincaunter, one that can neither whinny nor wag -the tail’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>si quis,</span></span> an advertisement; also called a bill. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, ii. 2 (end). From L. <span class='it'>si quis</span>, lit. if any one; from the first -two words; the advertisement begins: ‘<span class='it'>If there be any</span> lady or gentlewoman’, -id., iii. 1 (Puntarvolo). Cp. Hall, Sat. ii. 5. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Sir John,</span></span> a familiar appellation for a priest, because <span class='it'>John</span> was a common -name, and it was usual to prefix <span class='it'>sir</span> to a priest’s name. Richard III, -iii. 2. 111; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce). Cp. Chaucer -(C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4000), ‘Com neer thou preest, com hider thou sir John.’ See -NED. (s.v. Sir, 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sirts of sand,</span></span> quicksands. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 7. For <span class='it'>syrtes</span>, -pl. of L. <span class='it'>Syrtis</span>, Gk. Σύρτις, the name of two large sandbanks (Major and -Minor) on the coast of Libya. Cp. ‘A boggy Syrtis’, Milton, P. L. ii. 939.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sit,</span></span> to be fitting, to befit, suit; ‘It sits not’ (i.e. it is unbecoming), -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; ‘With them it sits’, Shep. Kal., May, 77; id., -Nov., 26. In the north country ‘It sits him weel indeed’ is often said -ironically of a person who arrogates to himself more than is thought -proper, see EDD. (s.v. Sit, 16). <span class='it'>Sitting</span>, suitable, fit, becoming; ‘To the -[thee] it is sittynge’, Fabyan, Chron., Part vii, c. 232; ed. Ellis, p. 265; -Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 149.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sith,</span></span> time; also <span class='it'>pl.</span> times. Spenser has ‘a thousand sith’, a thousand -times, F. Q. iii. 10. 33; also, ‘a thousand sithes’, Shep. Kal., Jan., 49. -OE. <span class='it'>sīð</span>, a journey, time.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sith,</span></span> since. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 95. ME. <span class='it'>sith</span>, since (Chaucer, C. T. -<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 930).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sithence,</span></span> since. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 47. ME. <span class='it'>sithenes</span>, since (P. Plowman, -B. x. 257; xix. 15).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>six,</span></span> small beer; sold at 6<span class='it'>s.</span> a barrel; ‘A cup of six’, Rowley, A Match -at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>six and seven, to set all on,</span></span> ‘to risk all one’s property on the -hazard of the dice; <span class='it'>Omnem iacere aleam</span>, to cast all dice, . . . to set al on sixe -and seuen, and at al auentures to ieoperd’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, -§ 7; ‘Or wager laid at six and seven’, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 588.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skails,</span></span> a game like ninepins; the same as ‘kails’. ‘<span class='it'>Aliossi</span>, a play -called Nine pins or keeles, or skailes’, Florio (1598); North, tr. of -Plutarch, Alcibiades, § 1. See NED. (s.v. Skayles).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skainsmate.</span></span> Only occurs as spoken by the Nurse in Romeo, ii. 4. -163, ‘Scurvy Knave! I am none of his flirt-gills; I am none of his -skainsmates’. The nurse was no very correct speaker, and in the heat of -her anger she has in this case become wholly unintelligible. The guesses -of the commentators and glossarists are devoid of probability.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skeen,</span></span> a knife. Merry Devil, ii. 2. 54; <span class='it'>skeane</span>, Spenser, State of -Ireland (Globe ed., p. 631); <span class='it'>skene</span>, Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (first stage-direction). -Also <span class='it'>skaine</span>, Drayton, Pol. iv. 384. In prov. use in Scotland -and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Skean). Sc. and Ir. Gaelic, <span class='it'>sgian</span>, a knife.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skelder,</span></span> to beg impudently by false representations, to swindle (Cant). -B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Luscus); ib. (Tucca); iii. 1 (Tucca); Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='skellet'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skellet,</span></span> a ‘skillet’, a small pot or pan; a small kettle. Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 250; <span class='it'>skillet</span>, Othello, i. 3. 273. ‘Skellet’ (also ‘skillet’), -a small metal pan or saucepan, is in gen. prov. use in the British Isles and -America, see EDD. (s.v. Skillet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skellum;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#schellum'>schellum</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skelp,</span></span> to strike with the hand, to smack; ‘I shall skelp thee on the -skalpe’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2207. In gen. prov. use in the British -Isles; in England in the north and Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v. -Skelp, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>skelpe</span>, to smite with a scourge (Wars Alex. 1924).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skew at,</span></span> to look askance at, to slight. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal -Subject, ii. 1 (Putskie); ‘To skewe, <span class='it'>limis oculis spectare</span>’, Levins, Manip. -‘To skew’ is in prov. use in the north of England in the sense of to look -askance at any one, see EDD. (s.v. Skew, vb.<sup>1</sup> 18).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skew rom-bouse,</span></span> to quaff good drink (Cant). Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Song); <span class='it'>a skew</span>, a cuppe; Harman, Caveat, p. 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<a id='skibbered'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skibbered</span></span> (?).</p> - -<div class='literal-container' style=''><div class='literal'> <!-- rend=';' --> -<p class='line'>‘What slimie bold presumptuous groome is he,</p> -<p class='line'>Dares with his rude audacious hardy chat,</p> -<p class='line'>Thus sever me from skibbered contemplation?’</p> -<p class='line' style='text-align:left;margin-left:10em;'>Return from Parnassus, i. 6 (Furor).</p> -</div></div> <!-- end rend --> - -<p class='noindent'>The Halliwell-Phillipps MS. of the play reads <span class='it'>skybredd</span> (communicated by -Mr. Percy Simpson). Dr. H. Bradley suggests <span class='it'>skyward</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skice, skise,</span></span> to frisk about, move nimbly, make off quickly; ‘Skise -out this way, and skise out that way’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (Randal). -In prov. use—Sussex, Hampshire, &c. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skill,</span></span> to make a difference; ‘It skills not much’, it makes little difference, -Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 134; ‘It skills not’, it makes no difference, -Nero, v. 2; ‘It skilleth not’, Lyly, Euphues (ed Arber, 245). Extremely -common from 1550 to 1650, see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skillet,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#skellet'>skellet</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skimble-skamble,</span></span> rambling, incoherent. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 154. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#scamble'>scamble</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skimmington,</span></span> a ceremony practised on unpopular persons in various -parts of England; fully described in EDD. See Heywood, Witches of -Lancs. iv. 230; Oldham, Satires upon the Jesuits, iv (ed. R. Bell, p. 125). -See Brand’s Pop. Antiq., Cornutes (ed. 1877, p. 414), for an account of -‘Riding Skimmington’, where it is described as a ludicrous cavalcade -intended to ridicule a man beaten by his wife.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skink,</span></span> to draw or pour out liquor. B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Lovel); -Phaer, Aeneid vii, 133. Hence, <span class='it'>Under-skinker</span>, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 26. ME. -<span class='it'>skinke</span>, to pour out (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1722). For full account of this verb -see Dict. (s.v. Nunchion).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skipjack,</span></span> a pert fellow, a whipper-snapper. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1 -(Alph.); also, a horse-dealer’s boy, Dekker, Lanthorne, x; see Nares. -‘Skipjack’ is in prov. use in north of England in sense of a pert, conceited -fellow, see EDD. (s.v. Skip, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (2 a)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skipper,</span></span> a barn (Cant). ‘<span class='it'>A skypper</span>, a barne’, Harman, Caveat, -p. 83; B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). Possibly Cornish -<span class='it'>sciber</span>, Welsh <span class='it'>ysgubor</span>, a barn (NED.), Med. L. <span class='it'>scopar</span>, ‘scuria, stabulum’ -(Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='skirr'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skirr,</span></span> to pass rapidly over a stretch of land; ‘Skirre the country -round’, Macbeth, v. 3. 35. Of doubtful origin (NED.). In prov. use in -the sense of to scurry, rush, fly quickly (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skit,</span></span> skittish, restive. Spelt <span class='it'>skyt</span>, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 101. -See EDD. (s.v. Skit, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skoase,</span></span> to chaffer, barter, exchange. Warner, Albion’s England, -bk. vi, ch. 31, st. 64. See <span class='bold'><a href='#scorse'>scorse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skope, skoope,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> of <span class='it'>scape</span>, scaped, escaped, got away. Phaer, -Aeneid ii, 458 (L. <span class='it'>evado</span>); <span class='it'>skoope</span> = escaped to, id., vi. 425; <span class='it'>skoope</span>, escaped, -id., ix. 545 (L. <span class='it'>elapsi</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skoser;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#scorse'>scorse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skull,</span></span> a skull-cap, helmet. Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, -iv. 4. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skull;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#scull'>scull</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>skyrgaliard,</span></span> a wild or dissipated fellow, Skelton, Against the Scottes, -101; id., Speke, Parrot, 427. See <span class='bold'><a href='#galliard'>galliard</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slab up,</span></span> to sup up greedily and dirtily; ‘Ye never saw hungry dog -so slab (printed <span class='it'>stab</span>) potage up’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. -215. See NED. (s.v. Slab, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slake,</span></span> a shallow dell, a glade, a pass between hills. Morte Arthur, -leaf 95. 6; bk. vi, c. 5. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in various -parts of England, in the north down to Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Slack, -sb.<sup>3</sup> 1). Icel. <span class='it'>slakki</span>, a small shallow dell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slam,</span></span> an ungainly person; ‘He is but a slam’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, -v. 5 (Nurse); ‘A slam or slim Fellow is a skragged, tall, rawboned Fellow’, -Ray, N. C. Words (ed. 1691, 137), see NED. (s.v. Slam, adj.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slampant:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to give one the</span> (or <span class='it'>a</span>) <span class='it'>slampant</span>, to play a trick on; -‘Polyperchon . . . meaning to give Cassander a slampant . . . sent letters -Pattents’, North, Plutarch (ed. 1595, 805); ‘<span class='it'>Trousse</span>, a cousening tricke, -blurt, slampant’, Cotgrave; also in form <span class='it'>slampaine</span>, ‘The townesmen being -pinched at the heart that one rascal . . . should give them the slampaine’, -Stanyhurst, Desc. of Ireland (ed. 1808, vi. 30); also spelt <span class='it'>slampam</span>, -‘Shal a stranger geve me the slampam?’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. -633.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slat,</span></span> to dash, strike violently. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Malevole). -In prov. use in various parts of England, meaning to throw violently, to -dash down water or other liquid, also, to strike, beat, see EDD. (s.v. -Slat, vb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slate,</span></span> a cant term for a sheet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 61.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slaty,</span></span> muddy, rainy. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 258. ‘Slatty’ is a -Warw. word for muddy, see EDD. (s.v. Slat, sb.<sup>4</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sled,</span></span> a sledge or sleigh used as a vehicle in travelling or for recreation; -‘With milke-white Hartes upon an Ivorie sled Thou shalt be drawen’, -Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2. In common prov. use for a low cart without -wheels, see EDD. (s.v. Sled, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>slede</span>, a dray without wheels, -a harrow, ‘traha’ (Prompt. EETS. 415).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sledded,</span></span> (perhaps) riding in ‘sleds’ or sledges; ‘He smote the sledded -Pollax on the ice’, Hamlet, i. 1. 63 (a <span class='it'>Polack</span> is a Pole, an inhabitant of -Poland). So NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sledge,</span></span> a sledge-hammer; ‘To throw the sledge’, Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. -Sledge, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sleek'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sleek,</span></span> plausible, specious. Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 241; Chapman, Eastward -Ho, ii. 2. Later variant form of ME. <span class='it'>slĭke</span>; see <span class='bold'><a href='#slick1'>slick</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sleided silk,</span></span> sleaved silk, silk ravelled out, divided into filaments. -Pericles, iv, Prol. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sleight'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sleight,</span></span> a cunning trick, an artifice. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 81; -Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 2. 20; spelt <span class='it'>slight</span>, -Middleton, More Dissemblers, iv. 1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 747. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slent,</span></span> to slip or glide obliquely; ‘The stroke slented doune to the -erthe’, Morte Arthur, leaf 345. 24; bk. xvii, c. 1; to make sly hits or gibes, -‘One Proteas, a pleasaunt conceited man, and that could slent finely’, -North, Plutarch (NED.); hence, <span class='it'>slent</span>, a sly hit or sarcasm, ‘Cleopatra -found Antonius jeasts and slents to be but grosse’, ib., M. Antonius, § 13 -(in Shaks. Plut., p. 175). See EDD. (s.v. Slent, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slibber-sauce,</span></span> a nauseous concoction, used esp. for medicinal -purposes, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 116); <span class='it'>slibber sawces</span>, buttery, oily, -made-up sauces, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 105).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='slick1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slick,</span></span> smooth, plausible. Rawlins, Rebellion, iv. 1. 4. Cp. prov. -<span class='it'>slick-tongued</span>, smooth-tongued, plausible in speech, see EDD. (s.v. Slick, -adj.<sup>1</sup> 6 (2)). ME. <span class='it'>slyke</span>, or smothe, ‘lenis’ (Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sleek'>sleek</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slick,</span></span> to make smooth. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1144; Chapman, tr. -of Iliad, xxiii. 249. In prov. use in England and America (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>slyken</span>, to make smooth (P. Plowman, B. ii. 98).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slidder,</span></span> slippery. The Pardoner and the Frere, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -i. 213; ‘My tongue is grown sae slip and slidder’, Stuart, Joco-serious -Discourse (ed. 1686, 20); see EDD. ME. <span class='it'>slydyr</span>, ‘lubricus’ (Prompt. EETS. -416); ‘A slidir mouth worchith fallyngis’, Wyclif, Prov. xxvi. 28. OE. -<span class='it'>slidor</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slidder,</span></span> to slip, to slide. Dryden, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 749. In prov. use -in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>slid</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>)<span class='it'>rian</span>, to -slip.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slifter,</span></span> a cleft or crack; ‘<span class='it'>Fente</span>, a cleft, rift, slifter, chinke’, Cotgrave. -A north-country word (EDD.). Hence <span class='it'>sliftered</span>, cleft, rifted, Marston, -Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). Cp. G. (dial.) <span class='it'>Schlifter</span>, gully, watercourse.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slight;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sleight'>sleight</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slighten,</span></span> to slight, depreciate. B. Jonson, Sejanus (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slip,</span></span> a counterfeit coin. Often quibbled upon; as in Romeo, ii. 4. 51; -Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iii. 1 (Pickadill). See NED. (s.v. -Slip, sb.<sup>4</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slipper,</span></span> slippery. Othello, ii. 1. 246. A west-country word, see EDD. -(s.v. Slipper, adj. 1). OE. <span class='it'>slipor</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slipstring,</span></span> a knave; one who has eluded the halter. Gascoigne, -Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio); ‘<span class='it'>Goinfre</span>, a wag, slipstring, knavish lad’, Cotgrave. -In prov. use the word means an idle, worthless, slovenly person, -so in Northants and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Slip, 3, (22)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slive,</span></span> to slice, cleave; to strip off (a bough) by tearing it downward; -‘I slyue a floure from his braunche’, Palsgrave; ‘The boughes whereof . . . -he cutting and sliving downe’, Warner, Alb. England, prose addition on -Aeneid ii, § 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Slive, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>slyvyn</span>, a-sundyr, ‘findo’ (Prompt. EETS. 459). OE. -(<span class='it'>to</span>)<span class='it'>-slīfan</span>, to split.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sliver,</span></span> a small branch split off from the tree. Hamlet, iv. 7. 174. In -gen. prov. use for a slice, a splinter of wood (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>slivere</span>, a piece -cut or split off (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1013).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sliver,</span></span> to slice off. Macbeth, iv. 1. 28. In prov. use: ‘If you sliver -away at the meat like that there’ll be none left for to-morrow’ (Cambridge); -see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sloape,</span></span> deceitful; ‘For hope is sloape’, Mirror for Mag., Ferrex, st. 18. -‘Slope’ (or ‘sloap’) is in prov. use in Yorks., meaning to trick, cheat -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slot,</span></span> the track of a stag or deer upon the ground. B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, i. 2 (John); to follow a track, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 191. -OF. <span class='it'>esclot</span>, hoof-print of a horse, &c. (Godefroy), probably of Scand. origin, -cp. Icel. <span class='it'>slōð</span>, a track; so NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sloy,</span></span> a term of abuse for a woman. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xi, -ch. 58, st. 26. Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slubber,</span></span> to sully, Othello, i. 3. 227; to obscure, 1 Part of Jeronimo, -ii. 4. 67; see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 374. In prov. use for obscuring with -dirt (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slubberdegullion,</span></span> a slubbering rascal (Burlesque). Beaumont and -Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2. 18; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 886.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sludge,</span></span> to turn into a soft mass, ‘The flame had sludgd the pitche, -the waxe and wood And other things that nourish fire’, Golding, Metam. -xiv. 532.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slug,</span></span> to be lazy, inactive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 23; <span class='it'>slogge</span>, Palsgrave; -‘Another sleeps and slugs both night and day’, Quarles, Emblems -(bk. i. 8, Luke vi. 25). ME. <span class='it'>sluggyn</span>, ‘desidio’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slug,</span></span> a slow, inactive person; ‘Fie, what a slug is Hastings, that he -comes not’, Richard III, iii. 1. 22; <span class='it'>slugge</span>, a hindrance, ‘Money would be -stirring, if it were not for this slugge’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 2. ‘<span class='it'>Slug</span>’ is -in prov. use in the north country for a slow inactive person or animal; in -Somerset, esp. of a slow-going horse; ‘to slug’ in Yorks. means to hinder, -to retard progress (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>slugge</span>, ‘deses, segnis’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slur,</span></span> a method of cheating at dice; ‘Without some fingering trick or -slur’, Butler, Misc. Thoughts (ed. Bell, iii. 176). Also, a term in card-playing, -‘ ’Gainst high and low, and slur, and knap’, Butler, Upon -Gaming. See NED. (s.v. Slur, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>slurg,</span></span> to lie in a sleepy state, to lie sluggishly. Phaer, Aeneid vi, -424; id., ix. 190. G. (Swabian dial.) <span class='it'>schlurgen</span>, to go about in a slovenly -manner (J. C. Schmid).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='smack'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smack,</span></span> to savour of, to taste of; ‘This veneson smacketh to moche of -the pepper’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>fig.</span>, ‘All sects, all ages smack of this vice’, -Meas. for M. ii. 2. 5. ME. <span class='it'>smakkyn</span>, ‘odoro’ (Prompt.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#smatch'>smatch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smalach,</span></span> ‘smallage’, wild celery or water parsley, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 45. 20. ME. <span class='it'>smale ache</span>, ‘apium’ (Sin. Barth. 11), E. <span class='it'>small</span> + F. <span class='it'>ache</span>, -wild celery, O. Prov. <span class='it'>ache</span>, <span class='it'>api</span>, Pop. L. *<span class='it'>apia</span>, L. <span class='it'>apium</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='smatch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smatch,</span></span> a ‘smack’, taste, flavour. Jul. Caesar, v. 4. 46; Middleton, -The Widow, i. 1 (Martino). In prov. use in various parts of England -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>smach</span>, taste, flavour (NED.). OE. <span class='it'>smæc</span>(<span class='it'>c</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#smack'>smack</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smeath,</span></span> a small diving-bird; the ‘smee’ or ‘smew’, <span class='it'>Mergellus albellus</span>. -Drayton, Pol. xxv. 67.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Smeck,</span></span> short for Smectymnuus, a fictitious name compounded of the -initials of the five men who wrote under that name, viz. Stephen Marshall, -Edward Calamy, Thomas Young, Matthew Newcomen, and William -Spurstow. They are said to have worn particular cravats, which Butler -calls <span class='it'>cravat of Smeck</span>, Hud. i. 3. 1166.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smelt,</span></span> a name applied to various small fishes, used (like <span class='it'>gudgeon</span>) with -the sense of simpleton. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury); -Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 2 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smelt,</span></span> a half-guinea (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Hackum).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smicker,</span></span> elegant, handsome; ‘A smicker Swaine’, Lodge, Euphues -(NED.); smirking, gay, Peele, Eclogue Gratulatory, 4 (ed. Dyce, 561). -Cp. the obsolete Scotch <span class='it'>smicker</span>, to smile affectedly, to smirk (EDD.). OE. -<span class='it'>smicer</span>, elegant.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smickly,</span></span> fine, elegant, smart; or it may be used adverbially. Ford, -Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Raybright). Cp. Dan. <span class='it'>smykke</span>, to adorn, G. <span class='it'>schmücken</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smock:</span></span> <span class='it'>He was wrapt up in the tail of his mother’s smock</span>; said of any one -remarkable for his success with the ladies (Grose). See Marston, What -you Will, v. 1 (Bidet). ‘<span class='it'>Il est né tout coiffé</span>, Born rich, honourable, -fortunate; born with his mother’s kercher about his head; wrapt in -his mother’s smock, say we; also, he is very maidenly, shame-faced, -heloe’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smoke,</span></span> to get an inkling of, to smell or suspect (a plot), to detect. -Middleton, Roaring Girl (2 Cutpurse); ‘Sir John, I fear, smokes your -design’, Dryden, Sir M. Mar-all, 1; see NED. (s.v. 8).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smoky,</span></span> quick to suspect, suspicious, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 -(Belfond senior).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smolder,</span></span> smoky vapour, a suffocating smoke the result of slow combustion; -‘The smolder of smoke’, Bp. Andrewes, Serm. (ed. 1661, 472); <span class='it'>to -be smoldered</span>, to be suffocated, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 98). ME. <span class='it'>smolder</span>, -smoky vapour (P. Plowman, B. xvii. 321).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smoor,</span></span> to smother. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 44; -‘She smoored him in the slepe’, Coverdale, 1 Kings iii. 19. In prov. -use in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Smoor, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smouch,</span></span> to kiss. Heywood, 1 King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 40; -Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 155). In prov. use in various -parts of England (EDD.). Cp. G. (Swabian dial.) <span class='it'>schmutz</span>, ‘derber Kuss’ -(Schmid).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smug,</span></span> to smarten up, to make trim or gay; freq. with <span class='it'>up</span>, Chapman, -tr. of Odyssey, x. 568; Drayton, Pol. x. 69; xxi. 73; Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, iii. 3 (Firk). ‘Smug’ is in prov. use in various parts of England -for smart, tidily dressed: also, as vb., to dress up neatly (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smuggle,</span></span> to hug violently, to smother with caresses, Otway, Ven. -Preserved, last scene; line 13 from end. In prov. use in Somerset and -Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Smuggle, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>smug-skinnde,</span></span> sleek, smooth-skinned. Gascoigne, Herbs, ed. Hazlitt, -i. 393.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snache;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#snatch'>snatch</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>’snails,</span></span> a profane oath, for ‘God’s nails’, i.e. ‘Christ’s nails’ on the -Cross. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey); London -Prodigal, v. 1. 222. Cp. Chaucer, ‘By goddes precious herte, and by his -nayles’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 651).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snakes:</span></span> To <span class='it'>eat snakes</span> was a recipe for enabling one to grow younger. -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, i. 2 (Orlando); Beaumont and Fl., Elder -Brother, iv. 4 (Andrew).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snaphance,</span></span> a flint-lock used in muskets and pistols, Lyly, Mother -Bombie, ii. 1 (Dromio); a musket or gun fitted with a flint-lock, Capt. -Smith, Virginia, iii. 12. 93 (NED.). Du. <span class='it'>snaphaan</span>, ‘a firelock, fusee, -snaphaunce’ (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snaphance,</span></span> an armed robber, a highwayman. Holinshed, Chron. ii. 684. -Du. ‘<span class='it'>snaphaan</span>, a Fuselier carrying a <span class='it'>snaphaan</span>’ (Sewel), also a mounted -highwayman. Cp. G. <span class='it'>schnapphahn</span> in 1494, <span class='it'>schnapphan</span>, a highwayman -(Brant, Narrenschiff); <span class='it'>schnapphahn</span> in prov. Germ. has also the meaning of -constable, thief-catcher. See Weigand and H. Paul (s.v.). Cp. F. <span class='it'>chenapan</span>, -‘mot tiré de l’Allemand, où il désigne un brigand des Montagnes noires; -en François, il signifie un vaurien, un bandit’, Dict. de l’Acad., 1762.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snapper,</span></span> to trip, to stumble. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 4; id., -Ware the Hauke, 142; ‘I snapper as a horse dothe that tryppeth, -<span class='it'>Je trippette</span>’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Snapper, -vb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>snapere</span>, to stumble: ‘Thi foot schal not snapere’ (Wyclif, -Prov. iii. 23); <span class='it'>snapir</span> (Wars Alex. 847).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snar,</span></span> to snarl; ‘Tygres that did seeme to gren And snar at all’, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. Du. <span class='it'>snarren</span>, to snarl (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snarl,</span></span> to ensnare, entangle. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 17; J. Beaumont, -Psyche, ix. 275; Palsgrave. A north-country word for snaring hares -or rabbits, see EDD. (s.v. Snarl, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2). ME. <span class='it'>snarlyn</span>, ‘illaqueo’ -(Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='snatch'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snatch,</span></span> a trap, snare, entanglement; ‘The Chevalier . . . being taken -in a Gin like unto a Snatch’, Shelton, Quixote, iii. 1; spelt <span class='it'>snache</span>, ‘A -new-founde snache which did my feet ensnare’. Mirror for Mag., Carassus, -st. 43. ME. <span class='it'>snacche</span>, a trap, snare (K. Alis. 6559).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sneaker,</span></span> a sneaking fellow; ‘Clarke is a pitifull proud sneaker’, -Reliq. Hearnianae (ed. Bliss, 483); ‘<span class='it'>Origlione</span>, an eavesdropper, a listener, -. . . a sneaker, a lurking knave’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sneap,</span></span> to nip or pinch with cold; ‘An envious sneaping Frost’ -L. L. L. i. 1. 100; ‘The sneaped birds’, Lucrece, 333. In prov. use in -the north of England: ‘They’n do well if they dunna get sneaped wi’ the -frost’ (Cheshire), see EDD. (s.v. Snape, vb. 2). Also, to check, repress, -reprove, chide, snub, Brome, Antipodes, iv. 9 (NED.); ‘A man quickly -sneapt’, Maiden’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Servant), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 428. -In prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snaip</span>, to rebuke sharply (Cursor M. 13027), -Icel. <span class='it'>sneypa</span>, to chide (NED. s.v. Snape, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sneb'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sneb,</span></span> to reprimand sharply, Sidney, Arcadia, xxxiii. 22; <span class='it'>snebbe</span>, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., Feb., 126. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.). In Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 525, some MSS. have <span class='it'>snebbe</span>. Swed. dial. <span class='it'>snebba</span> (Rietz). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#snib'>snib</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sneck up;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#snick'>snick</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snetched,</span></span> slaughtered; ‘A snetched Oxe’, Golding, Metam. v. 122 -(Lat. <span class='it'>mactati iuuenci</span>). Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='snib'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snib,</span></span> to reprimand, rebuke sharply; ‘Christian snibbeth his fellow for -unadvised speaking’, Bunyan, Pilgr. Pr. i. 169; Middleton, Five Gallants, -ii. 3 (Tailor); Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 372; to snip off, as with snuffers, -Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole). In prov. use, in the sense -of rebuking sharply, in Scotland and north of England down to Bedford -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snibben</span>, to rebuke (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 523). Dan. <span class='it'>snibbe</span>. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#sneb'>sneb</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='snick'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snick:</span></span> <span class='it'>snick up</span> (used imperatively), be hanged! London Prodigal, v. -1; Middleton, Blurt, Master Constable, iv. 1; <span class='it'>Snecke up!</span>, Twelfth Nt. ii. -3. 101; also used with <span class='it'>go</span>, ‘Let him go snick up’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. -Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Davenant, Play-House (Works, -ed. 1673, 116). ‘Snick up!’, in the sense of ‘Begone, go and be hanged’, is -said to be in use in west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Snickup, int. 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snickfail;</span></span> ‘Whereas the snickfail grows, and hyacinth’, Webster, -The Thracian Wonder, i. 2. A misprint for <span class='it'>sinckfoil</span> = <span class='it'>cinquefoil</span>; cp. Greene, -Menaphon (ed. Arber, 36); see NED. (s.v. Cinquefoil). Communicated -by Mr. Percy Simpson.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snickle,</span></span> a running noose. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (Ithamar). -In prov. use in the north and east, esp. in Yorks. and Linc. (EDD.). -Here, for ‘snicle hand too fast’ we should probably read ‘two hands -snickle-fast’, see various conjectures in Tucker Brooke’s ed. of Marlowe.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snig,</span></span> a young eel. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 96. In prov. use in various parts -of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snygge</span>, an eel (Cath. Angl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sniggle,</span></span> to fish for eels by means of a baited hook or needle thrust -into their holes or haunts. I. Walton, Angler, ch. x. [In the passage -cited by Todd and later Dicts. from Fletcher’s Thierry, ii. 2, ‘I have -snigled him’, the correct reading is doubtless ‘singled’, so NED.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snob,</span></span> to sob. Puritan Widow, i. 1. 90; Middleton, Mad World, iii. 2. -In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>snobbe</span>, to sob; ‘My sobbyng -(v.r. snobbyng) and cries’ (Wyclif, Lam. iii. 56).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snudge,</span></span> a miser, a mean person; ‘A covetous snudge’, Ascham, -Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 28); Dekker, O. Fortunatus, i. 2 (Shadow); -‘Snudge, <span class='it'>parcus</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snudge,</span></span> to remain snug and quiet; ‘Now he will . . . eat his bread in -peace, And snudge in quiet’, G. Herbert, Temple, Giddinesse, 11. In -prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>snuff:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to take</span> (<span class='it'>a thing</span>) <span class='it'>in snuff</span>, to take (a matter) amiss, to take -offence at; ‘Mr. Mills . . . should take it in snuffe that my wife did not -come to his child’s christening’, Pepys, Diary, 1661, Oct. 6; ‘Who therewith -angry . . . Took it in snuff’, 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 41; <span class='it'>to take snuff at</span>, to -take offence at a thing, Fuller, Joseph’s Coat (ed. 1867, 51). ‘Snuff’ in -these phrases refers probably to the act of ‘snuffing’ as an expression of -contempt or disdain, see NED. (s.v. sb.<sup>2</sup> 1), and EDD. (s.v. sb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='soader'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soader,</span></span> to ‘solder’, cement together. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 34; -<span class='it'>sodder</span>, Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Janir).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='soar-falcon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soar-falcon,</span></span> a falcon or hawk of the first year that has not moulted -and still has its red plumage; ‘Of the soare faulcon so I learne to fly’, -Spenser, Hymn Heav. Beauty, 26; Latham, Falconry, 37; see Nares (s.v. -Sore-Hawk). F. <span class='it'>Faulcon sor</span>, a soar Hawk; <span class='it'>Harenc sor</span>, a red Herring -(Cotgr., s.v. Sor). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>sor</span>, reddish brown (Rough List). O. Prov. -<span class='it'>sor</span>, <span class='it'>saur</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>sauro</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sore1'>sore</a></span> (a buck).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sod,</span></span> boiled; <span class='it'>pret.</span> of ‘seethe’; ‘Sod Euphrates . . . sod Orontes’, Golding, -Metam. ii. 248. The reference is to the boiling of rivers during the -mad career of Phaethon; Ovid has ‘Arsit et Euphrates’, &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sodder;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#soader'>soader</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soggy,</span></span> soaked with moisture, soppy; hence, heavy (like damp and -green hay). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (Mitis). In prov. -use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Sog, sb.<sup>2</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soil,</span></span> a miry or muddy place used by a wild boar for wallowing in; -‘<span class='it'>Sueil</span>, the soyle of a wild Bore, the mire wherein hee commonly -walloweth; <span class='it'>se souiller</span> (of a swine), to take soyle, or wallow in the mire’, -Cotgrave. The phr. ‘to take soil’ corresponds to F. <span class='it'>prendre souille</span>. <span class='it'>Souille</span> -is a deriv. from <span class='it'>souiller</span>, to soil with mud, Romanic type *<span class='it'>soc’lare</span>, deriv. of -L. <span class='it'>sŭcula</span>, a little sow.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='soil2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soil,</span></span> a pool or stretch of water, used as a refuge by a hunted deer or -other animal, Turbervile, Hunting, 241; <span class='it'>to take soil</span>, to take to the water, -as a hunted deer, id., 148; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarl); Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 6. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soil,</span></span> to expound, explain, to resolve a doubt; ‘I have not learned to -soyle no riedles’, Udall, tr. Apoph. 309 (NED.); ‘<span class='it'>Souldre</span>, to cleere or -soile a doubt’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>soiler</span>, OF. <span class='it'>soldre</span>, L. <span class='it'>solvere</span>, to loosen, -to explain.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soil,</span></span> to absolve from sin, ‘I soyle from synne, <span class='it'>je assouls</span>’, Palsgrave. -For <span class='it'>assoil</span>, Anglo-F. <span class='it'>assoiler</span>, to absolve, pardon (Rough List); OF. <span class='it'>assoldre</span>, -L. <span class='it'>absolvere</span>; see Moisy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sokingly,</span></span> slowly, gently, gradually; ‘Sokingly, one pece after an -other’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 32. ME. <span class='it'>sokingly</span>, ‘sensim, paulatim’ -(Prompt. EETS. 147); ‘By good leyser sokingly, and nat over hastily’ -(Chaucer. C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 2767).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Sol,</span></span> the sun. Peele, Poems (ed. Routledge, p. 601); an alchemist’s -term for gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sol'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sol,</span></span> a small coin, B. Jonson, Volpone, iv. 2 (Bonario); Marmion, The -Antiquary, iii. 1 (Ant.). OF. <span class='it'>sol</span>; L. <span class='it'>solidus</span> (sc. <span class='it'>nummus</span>), a gold coin (in -the time of the emperors).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='solayne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>solayne,</span></span> sullen, melancholy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 16, 1. 51; <span class='it'>soleyne</span>, -id., Bowge of Courte, 187; <span class='it'>solein</span>, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 213. ME. -<span class='it'>soleyn</span>, of maners or he þat lovyth no company, ‘solitarius, Acheronicus’. -(Prompt. EETS. 421); ‘The soleyn fenix of Arabye’ (Chaucer, Boke -Duch. 982).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sold,</span></span> pay, remuneration, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 6. Med. L. <span class='it'>soldum</span>, pay, -related to L. <span class='it'>solidus</span>, a piece of money; see <span class='bold'><a href='#sol'>sol</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soldado,</span></span> a soldier. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2 (<span class='it'>or</span> 1) (Downright). -Span. <span class='it'>soldado</span>, one who is paid; a soldier; deriv. of Med. L. <span class='it'>soldum</span>, -pay. See above. See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soldan,</span></span> the supreme ruler of a Mohammedan country, Marlowe, -1 Tamburlaine, iii. 2. 31; Milton, P. L. i. 764. ME. <span class='it'>soldan</span> (Gower, C. A. -i. 245); Ital. <span class='it'>soldano</span>; Arab, <span class='it'>sulṭân</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sole;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sowl'>sowl</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>solein;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#solayne'>solayne</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>solf,</span></span> to sing the notes of the <span class='it'>sol-fa</span>, or gamut; to sing. Calisto and -Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 71; <span class='it'>solfe</span>, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 415. -ME. <span class='it'>solfe</span> (P. Plowman, B. v. 423).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>solidare,</span></span> a small piece of money. Timon, iii. 1. 46. Not found -elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sollar,</span></span> an upper room. Udall, tr. Erasmus, Acts xx. 8 (= ὑπερῷον, -<span class='it'>cenaculum</span>); a loft, ‘Sollars full of wheat’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 1 -(Barabas). The word is still in prov. use in various parts of England with -many meanings: esp. an upper room, a first-floor apartment; loft or -garret (EDD.). The Gk. word ὑπερῷον (Vulg. <span class='it'>cenaculumm</span>) in Acts xx. 8 is -rendered by <span class='it'>soler</span> in Wyclif’s tr. (Luther has <span class='it'>söller</span>). In the Heliand and -in Tatian <span class='it'>soleri</span> = ‘cenaculum’. ME. <span class='it'>solere</span> or lofte, ‘solarium’ (Prompt.); -‘Soler-halle at Cantebregge’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3990, see Notes); OE. -<span class='it'>solor</span> (<span class='it'>soler</span>-); L. <span class='it'>solarium</span>, a part of the house exposed to the sun, esp. a flat -house-top (Vulgate, 2 Sam. xi. 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>somedele,</span></span> somewhat, in some measure, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 40. -In prov. use in Scotland, Yorks., Northants, see EDD. (s.v. Some, 1 (3)). -ME. <span class='it'>somdel</span>, in some measure (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3911).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='somer'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>somer,</span></span> a ‘summer’, a supporting beam, a support. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 5. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Summer, sb.<sup>2</sup>). F. <span class='it'>sommier</span>, -‘the piece of timber called a Summer’ (Cotgr.); OF. <span class='it'>somier</span>, a -pack-horse (Burguy); Med. L. <span class='it'>saumarius</span>, <span class='it'>sagmarius</span>, ‘equus clitellarius’ -(Ducange); deriv. of <span class='it'>sagma</span>, a pack, burden; Gk. σάγμα. See Dict. (s.v. -Sumpter). For the development of meaning from ‘a kind of horse’ to -a ‘timber-beam’, cp. F. <span class='it'>poutre</span>, (1) a filly, (2) a supporting beam.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>somner,</span></span> an official summoner. Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 -(Lucre). ME. <span class='it'>somner</span> (P. Plowman, C. iii. 59); <span class='it'>somnour</span>, summoner, -apparitor, an officer who summoned delinquents before the ecclesiastical -courts (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 543).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sonde,</span></span> a sending, a messenger. Morte Arthur, leaf 420, back, 13; -bk. xxi, c. 1. OE. <span class='it'>sand</span> (<span class='it'>sond</span>), a sending, message.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sonties:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>by God’s sonties</span>, an oath used by old Gobbo in Merch. -Ven. ii. 1. 17. The same as <span class='it'>God’s santy</span>, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, v. 2 -(Bellafront). Adapted from OF. <span class='it'>saintée</span>, <span class='it'>sancteit</span>, sanctity, holiness -(Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soop,</span></span> to sweep; ‘A sooping traine’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2 -(Judicio); <span class='it'>sooping it</span>, sweeping alone; id., v. 1 (Studioso). Icel. <span class='it'>sōpa</span>, -to sweep.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sooreyn'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sooreyn,</span></span> jaded feeling, exhaustion; ‘Abundance breedes the sooreyn -of excesse’, Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 286. A back-formation -from the verb <span class='it'>to surrein</span>, to overtire. See <span class='bold'><a href='#surreined'>surreined</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soote,</span></span> sweetly, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 111; also sweet, Surrey, -Description of Spring, 1. ME. <span class='it'>sote</span>, sweetly (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2612), -OE. <span class='it'>swōte</span>, sweetly. Chaucer has also <span class='it'>sote</span> as adj. sweet (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1), but the -OE. adj. is <span class='it'>swēte</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sooterkin,</span></span> an imaginary kind of afterbirth formerly attributed to -Dutch women; ‘There goes a report of the Holland Women that together -with their children they are delivered of a Sooterkin, not unlike a Rat, -which some imagine to be the Offspring of the Stoves’, Cleveland (NED.); -Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 146. [Swift to Delany (Works, ed. 1755, III. ii. 232); -Pope, Dunciad, i. 126; ‘Sooterkin, <span class='it'>maankalf</span>’, Calisch.] See <span class='bold'><a href='#mooncalf'>mooncalf</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sooth,</span></span> to declare a statement to be true, to corroborate it. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 1. 47; to support a person in a statement, ‘Sooth me -in all I say’, Massinger, Duke Milan, v. 2; <span class='it'>to sooth up</span>, ‘Sooth me in all -I say’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 10. 19. The same word as <span class='it'>soothe</span>, OE. -<span class='it'>sōðian</span>, to show to be true. The pronunciation of the verb is due to the -sb. <span class='it'>sooth</span>, OE. <span class='it'>sōð</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sophie,</span></span> wisdom; ‘The seuenfold sophie of Minerue’, Grimald, Death -of Zoroas, 67; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. Gk. σοφία.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sops-in-wine,</span></span> a name given to some kind of gilliflower or pink. -Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 138; B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, -l. 6). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sord,</span></span> ‘sward’, turf. Milton, P. L. xi. 433; <span class='it'>greene-sord</span>, green sward, -Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 157 (so Fol. 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sore1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sore,</span></span> a buck of the fourth year. Phaer, Aeneid x. 725 (L. <span class='it'>cervum</span>). -‘The bucke . . . the iij. yere a sowrell, A <span class='it'>sowre</span> at the iiij. yere’, Book of -St. Albans, fol. e, iiij.</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>sorel,</span> a buck of the third year; ‘Sorell jumps from thicket’, L. L. L. -iv. 2. 60; ‘Sorell, a yonge bucke’, Palsgrave; see NED. (s.v. Sorrel, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2). -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>sorel</span>, a reddish-brown horse (Ch. Rol. 1379), deriv. of <span class='it'>sor</span> (id., -1943). See <span class='bold'><a href='#soar-falcon'>soar-falcon</a>.</span></p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sore.</span></span> Of the hare: to traverse open ground, ‘I might see [the hare] -sore and resore’, i.e. dart off, first in one direction and then in another, -Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (end). ‘When he gooth the howndys before, -He sorth and resorth’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 8, back.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sore,</span></span> to make sore, to hurt. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 38.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sort,</span></span> a company, assemblage of people: Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 13; -Richard II, iv. 1. 246; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 5; Ps. lxii. 3 (Great Bible, 1539); -rank, degree, ‘A gentleman of great sort’, Hen. V, iv. 7. 143; <span class='it'>of sorts</span>, of -various kinds, ‘They have a king and officers of sorts’ (id., i. 2. 190). -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>sort</span>, company, assemblage (Gower, Mirour, 16800).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sortilege,</span></span> a drawing of lots. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. 1, § 18. F. -<span class='it'>sortilège</span>, L. <span class='it'>sortilegium</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soss,</span></span> to make oneself wet and dirty, to dabble; ‘Sossing and possing, -dabbling in mire’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle; i. 4 (Hodge); <span class='it'>sost</span>, pp. made -wet and dirty, Tusser, Husbandry, § 48. 20. In prov. use in various parts -of the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Soss, vb.<sup>2</sup> and vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sothbind.</span></span> ‘But late medcynes can help no sothbynde sore’, Mirror -for Mag., Richard, st. 10 (ed. 1578 has: ‘no <span class='it'>festered</span> sore’). Not found -elsewhere. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<a id='sothery'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sothery.</span></span> The devils are described as having—‘Theyr taylles wel -kempt, and, as I wene, With sothery butter theyr bodyes anoynted’, -Heywood, The Four Plays, v. 87, Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 18, col. 2; Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 376. Does it mean ‘Surrey butter’? Surrey is spelt <span class='it'>Sothery</span> -in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 269; and <span class='it'>Sothray</span> in Skelton, El. Rummyng, 96.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souce;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#souse1'>souse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soud,</span></span> to consolidate, make whole. Pp. <span class='it'>souded</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 359. -20; bk. xvii, c. 19. F. <span class='it'>souder</span>, to consolidate; L. <span class='it'>solidare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souder,</span></span> to be soldered together, to become whole; ‘The pecys . . . -soudered as fayr as euer they were to-fore’, Morte Arthur, leaf 348. 12; -bk. xvii, c. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soul,</span></span> a part of the viscera of a cooked fowl. Heywood, Eng. Traveller, -ii. 1 (Clown). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8). ‘<span class='it'>Âme</span>, the soule of a capon -or gose’, Palsgrave; ‘<span class='it'>Mazzacáre</span>, the tender part of any bird or fowl, in -a Goose it is called the Soul’ (Florio). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8) and -Notes and Queries (8th S. ii. 169).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souling,</span></span> relishing, affording a relish; <span class='it'>souling well</span>, affording a good -relish, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 32. Cp. the north country -prov. word <span class='it'>sowl</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, a relish, dainty, anything eaten with bread (EDD.). -OE. <span class='it'>sufl</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sound'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sound,</span></span> to swoon, Two Angry Women, iii. 2 (Francis); Heywood, -Four Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 181; a swoon, ‘a deadly sound’, id., Fair -Maid of the Exchange (Anthony), vol. ii, p. 15; Udall, Roister Doister, -iii. 3. 94; ‘She fell into a traunce or sownde’, Stubbes, A Christall Glasse -(ed. Furnivall, 202). In common prov. use in Scotland, also in England -in various parts, esp. in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Sound, vb.<sup>2</sup>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sowne2'>sowne</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sounder,</span></span> a herd of wild swine. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iv. 163; -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); ‘That men calleth a trip of -a tame swyn is called of wylde swyn a soundre, that is to say ȝif ther be -passyd v or vi togedres’ (Halliwell). OE. <span class='it'>sunor</span>: ‘sunor bergana’ (Luke viii. -32, Lind.) = ‘grex porcorum’ (Vulg.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sourd,</span></span> to arise. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; Fabyan’s -Chron., ed. 1811, p. 436; p. 499, l. 23. ME. <span class='it'>sourde</span>, to arise (Chaucer, C. T. -<span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 475); F. <span class='it'>sourdre</span>; L. <span class='it'>surgere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sous, souse,</span></span> a ‘sou’, a small coin. Farquhar, The Inconstant, i. 2 -(Old Mirabel); Prior, Down Hall, st. 33. [‘Those most heav’nly pictures -. . . For which the nation paid down every souse’, Peter Pindar, Works -(ed. 1816, p. 397).] An obsolete Scotch word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='souse1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souse,</span></span> to swoop down like a hawk. Heywood, Dialogue, 181 (Mercury), -vol. vi, p. 247; to deal a heavy downward blow, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 6; -Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules); the downward swoop of a bird of prey, -the sudden blow given by a ‘sousing’ hawk, Drayton, Pol. xx. 241; Heywood, -A Woman Killed, i. 3. 2; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). The -word as applied in falconry meant originally the upward spring or swoop -of a bird of prey; an older form was <span class='it'>sours</span>; OF. <span class='it'>sorse</span> (mod. <span class='it'>source</span>), lit. the -‘rise’ of the hawk; cp. Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1938, and Hous Fame, ii. 36. -See Dict. (s.v. Souse), and Notes on Eng. Etym. 275.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='souse2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>souse,</span></span> brine for pickle. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, ii. 1 (Normandine); -ears and feet of a pig in pickle, Tusser, Husbandry, § 12; -Butler, Hud. i. 2. 120; hence <span class='it'>souse-wife</span> (<span class='it'>sowce-wife</span>), a woman who sold -‘souse’, Greene, George-a-Greene (ed. Dyce. 257); Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Hol. ii. 3 (Firk). ME. <span class='it'>sowce</span>, ‘succidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 424, see note, -no. 2063); OF. <span class='it'>sous</span> (<span class='it'>souz</span>), see Godefroy (s.v. Soult, 2); cp. OHG. <span class='it'>sulza</span> -(Schade), O. Prov. <span class='it'>soltz</span>, ‘viande à la vinaigrette’ (Levy); Ital. <span class='it'>solcio</span>, a -seasoning of meat (Florio). Cp. also OF. <span class='it'>solcier</span>, ‘confire de la viande -dans du vinaigre et des épices’ (Raschi). See note on ‘Solz’, in Romania, -1910, p. 176.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sovenance,</span></span> remembrance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 8; Shep. Kal., May, -82, Nov., 5. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>sovenance</span> (Gower, Mirour, 8244); F. <span class='it'>souvenance</span>, -‘memorie, remembrance’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sovereign,</span></span> a gold coin, a ten-shilling piece. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, v. 7 (Fallace).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sow,</span></span> a large lump of metal; ‘Sowes of gold’, Mirror for Mag., King -Chirinnus, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘<span class='it'>Pano di metallo</span>, a mass, a sow or ingot of metal’ -(Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowce-wife;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#souse2'>souse</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sow-gard,</span></span> a protecting shield or shelter (= L. <span class='it'>testudo</span>). Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, ii. 451. A sow was a military engine consisting of a movable -roof arranged to protect men handling a battering-ram or advancing to -scale walls.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sowl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowl,</span></span> to pull by the ears. Coriolanus, iv. 5. 213 (old edd. <span class='it'>sole</span>); spelt -<span class='it'>sole</span>, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, iv. 1 (Vulcan); vol. v, p. 137. ‘Sowl’ is in -prov. use in many spellings (<span class='it'>soul</span>, <span class='it'>sool</span>, <span class='it'>sole</span>, <span class='it'>soal</span>, <span class='it'>saul</span>), meaning to pull by -the ears, also to hit on the head, see EDD. (s.v. Sowl, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowne, soune,</span></span> a sound, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 2; -c. 13, § 4; to sound, ‘Sowning through the sky’, Tottel’s Misc., p. 202. -ME. <span class='it'>sowne</span> (<span class='it'>soune</span>), to sound (Chaucer). F. <span class='it'>son</span>, sound; <span class='it'>sonner</span>, to sound.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sowne2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowne,</span></span> to swoon, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 483; a swoon, Puritan Widow, -i. 3. 42. In prov. use for swoon, see EDD. (s.v. Sound, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME. -<span class='it'>sownyn</span>, ‘sincopo’ (Prompt. EETS. 324). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sound'>sound</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowse;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#souse2'>souse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sowter, souter,</span></span> a cobbler. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 (Rosalura); -Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Mad Lover, ii. 1. 22. In prov. use -in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>souter</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3904); OE. -<span class='it'>sūtere</span>; L. <span class='it'>sutor</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>soyle,</span></span> the watery place in which a hunted animal takes refuge. -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; p. 115. Used to signify the hunted animal; -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 16. See <span class='bold'><a href='#soil2'>soil</a></span> (pool).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>space,</span></span> to walk or roam about. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>spaziare</span>, -to walk about (<span class='it'>spatiare</span> in Florio). L. <span class='it'>spatiari</span>, whence also O. Prov. <span class='it'>espasiar</span>, -reflex, ‘se promener’ (Levy), and G. <span class='it'>spazieren</span>. Cp. Med. L. ‘<span class='it'>Spatiamentum</span>, -ambulatio, deambulatio, animi relaxatio’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='spade'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spade,</span></span> to make a female animal barren, to ‘spay’. Chapman. Widow’s -Tears, v (Governor). Med. L. <span class='it'>spadare</span>, ‘spadonem facere’ (Ducange), -deriv. of L. <span class='it'>spado</span>, Gk. σπάδων, one who has no generative power, eunuch. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#spay'>spay</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='spade-bone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spade-bone,</span></span> blade-bone, shoulder-bone. Drayton, Pol. v. 266; Skinner -(ann. 1671). In prov. use (EDD.). <span class='it'>Spade</span> = Norm. F. <span class='it'>espalde</span>, ‘épaule’ -(Moisy). For the phonology cp. jade = Icel. <span class='it'>jalda</span>, a mare, through OF. -*<span class='it'>jaude</span>, *<span class='it'>jalde</span>. See below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spalle,</span></span> a shoulder. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ‘Spawl’ (‘spaul’) is in -prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spaul). OF. <span class='it'>espalle</span>, <span class='it'>espalde</span> (F. <span class='it'>épaule</span>), -Med. L. <span class='it'>spatula</span>, a shoulder-blade, L. <span class='it'>spatula</span>, a broad-bladed knife. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#spade-bone'>spade-bone</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>span-counter,</span></span> a boys’ game. One boy throws down a counter, -which another wins, if he can throw another so as to hit it or lie within -a span of it. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 3; Northward Ho, i. 2 (Philip). See -Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spang,</span></span> a spangle. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1162; Bacon, Essay 37. -Hence <span class='it'>spang’d</span>, spangled, Three Lords and Three Ladies (Shealty), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 467.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Spanish fig,</span></span> a poisoned fig. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 30.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Spanish needle,</span></span> a needle of the best quality. Middleton, Blurt, -Mr. Constable, ii. 1. 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Spanish pike,</span></span> a needle; jocosely. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Folly).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spare, spaire, spayre,</span></span> an opening or slit in a gown or petticoat. -<span class='it'>Spayre</span>, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 345; ‘<span class='it'>Sparre</span> of a gowne, <span class='it'>fente de la robe</span>’, -Palsgrave; Skene, Difficill Scottish Words (ann. 1681). ME. <span class='it'>speyre</span> of -garment, ‘cluniculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 427, see note, no. 2083); <span class='it'>spayre</span>, -‘manubium, cluniculum’ (Cath. Angl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='Spargirica'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Spargirica,</span></span> a name for Alchemy; ‘Ars Spagyrica’ (misspelt), B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 5 (ed. 1616). Ital. <span class='it'>Spargirica</span>, a name given to Alchemy -from its separating and analysing chemical substances (Fanfani). Cotgrave -has ‘<span class='it'>Spargirie</span>, Alchymie’, and ‘<span class='it'>Spargirique</span>, an Alchemist’. Florio has -‘<span class='it'>Spargirio</span>, Alchymy or the Extraction of Quintessences’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spark,</span></span> a diamond. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Rolliardo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sparkle'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sparkle,</span></span> to scatter, disperse. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal Subject, i. 5. -4; Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius); <span class='it'>sparkling</span>, scattering, Bonduca, -iii. 2 (near the end). See Nares, and Trench’s Select Glossary (ed. 1890). -In prov. use in Yorks. (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#disparkle'>disparkle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sparse,</span></span> to scatter. Fairfax, Tasso, xii. 46; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. -268. L. <span class='it'>spars-us</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>spargere</span>, to scatter. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sperse'>sperse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spaw,</span></span> a spa, place with mineral waters; ‘Your Tunbridge, or the -Spaw itself’, B. Jonson, News from the New World (1 Herald); <span class='it'>The Spawe</span>, -Gascoigne, Works, i. 376 (1572). So named from <span class='it'>Spa</span>, in Belgium.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='spay'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spay,</span></span> to render female animals barren; ‘Geld your loose wits, and -let your Muse be spay’d’, Cleveland (Johnson’s Dict.). Anglo-F. *<span class='it'>espayer</span> -(OF. <span class='it'>espeër</span>) < Med. L. <span class='it'>spadare</span>, to deprive of generative power (Ducange). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#spade'>spade</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>speed,</span></span> to dispatch, destroy, kill; ‘With a speeding thrust his heart he -found’, Dryden (Johnson); <span class='it'>sped</span>, pp. done for, Romeo, iii. 1. 94; Merch. -Ven. ii. 9. 72; <span class='it'>speeding-place</span>, the place where a wound is fatal, and the -man is sped. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Quadratus); Chapman, -Widow’s Tears, i (Tharsalio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spence,</span></span> expense; ‘Spence, cost, <span class='it'>despence</span>’, Palsgrave; Ascham, Toxophilus, -122. ME. <span class='it'>spense</span>, spendynge, ‘dispensa’, Voc. 578. 45; <span class='it'>spence</span>, or -expence (Prompt. EETS. 427).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spence,</span></span> a buttery, a larder; ‘Spens, a buttrye, <span class='it'>despencier</span>’, Palgrave; -<span class='it'>spence</span>, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 35 (Taverner). In prov. -use in Scotland and the north country, meaning a larder, pantry, store-cupboard, -see EDD. (s.v. Spense). ME. <span class='it'>spence</span>, botery, ‘promptuarium’ -(Prompt. EETS. 427).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sperage,</span></span> ‘the herb asparagus; it is so called by Gerard, and all the -old botanists, as its English name’ (Nares). North, tr. Plutarch, Jul. -Caesar, § 16 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 58); Sylv. Du Bartas, Furies (Nares); -Haven of Health, c. xxiii, p. 45 (id.). A Glouc. form (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>sperage</span>, asparagus (Palladius, Husbandry, 112).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spere,</span></span> used in the sense of a youth, a stripling; ‘A lusty spere’, -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 947; Poems ag. Garnesche, iii. 41. Prob. a <span class='it'>fig.</span> -use of ‘spere’, a young shoot or sprout, still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. -Spear, sb.<sup>1</sup> 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='spere2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spere, speer,</span></span> to shoot, sprout, a term in malting, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 84. 5. See <span class='bold'><a href='#spire'>spire</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sperhauk,</span></span> sparrowhawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 301. 34; bk. xii, c. 7. -Cp. OE. <span class='it'>spearhafoc</span> (Voc. 132. 26); <span class='it'>spearwa</span>, sparrow + <span class='it'>hafoc</span>, hawk.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sperre,</span></span> to shut, fasten, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224; Tr. and Cr., -Prol. 19 (Theobald’s emendation); ‘I sperre, <span class='it'>Je ferme</span>. This verbe is of -the northyrne langaige and nat commynly in use’, Palsgrave. <span class='it'>Spear</span>, ‘to -bar or fasten a door’, is a Northumbrian word, see EDD. (s.v. Speer, vb. -6. 2); ‘To <span class='it'>sper</span>, to shut, to fasten a door with a bar of wood’ (Jamieson). -ME. <span class='it'>sperre</span>, ‘claudere’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>sperred</span>, barred (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -v. 521). Cp. G. <span class='it'>sperren</span>, to shut (in or out).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sperse'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sperse,</span></span> to scatter, ‘disperse’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 39; v. 3. 37.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spertle,</span></span> to sprinkle with fluid, Drayton, Pol. ii. 283. In prov. use in -the Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v. Spirtle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spheres.</span></span> Peacham, Compl. Gentleman, c. 7, gives the old eleven -spheres: ‘The eleventh heaven is the habitation of God and his angels. -The tenth, the first moover [<span class='it'>primum mobile</span>]. The ninth, the Christalline -heaven. The eighth, the starry firmament. Then the seven planets in -their order’ [viz. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon]. -In the Ptolemaic astronomy, the sun went round the earth, which was -the immovable centre of the universe.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spial,</span></span> a spy. Bacon, Essay 44. In some edd. for <span class='it'>espial</span> in 1 Hen. VI, -i. 4. 8; <span class='it'>spials</span>, spies, Marl. 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 2. 35. See <span class='bold'><a href='#espial'>espial</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='spice'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spice,</span></span> a species, kind, sort. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 1, §§ 1, -3; ‘Spyce, a kynde, <span class='it'>espece</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>spice</span>, species, kind: ‘Absteyne -you fro yvel spice’ (Wyclif, 1 Thess. v. 22); ‘The spices (v.r. speces) of -envye ben these’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 490). OF. <span class='it'>espice</span>, a species, L. <span class='it'>species</span>, -a kind, sort (Vulgate, 1 Thess. v. 22).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spiced,</span></span> scrupulous, over-nice, too particular; ‘Out of a scruple he took -. . . in spiced conscience’, B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Sejanus, -v. 4 (Sej.); Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 1 (Cleanthe). See note on -Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 526. See <span class='bold'><a href='#spice'>spice</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spick,</span></span> lard. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 335. In Scotland the fat of -animals, the blubber of whales (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>spyke</span> or fette flesch, ‘popa’ -(Prompt. EETS. 428). Icel. <span class='it'>spik</span>, the fat of seals or whales, cp. OE. <span class='it'>spic</span>, -fat bacon; G. <span class='it'>speck</span>, bacon, lard.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spilt,</span></span> (perhaps) inlaid with thin slips. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 5. See -EDD. (s.v. Spill, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spilth,</span></span> a spilling, pouring out. Used of wine, Timon, ii. 2. 169. A -Scottish word; also in use in Suffolk (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spinet,</span></span> a spinny, a copse, thicket. B. Jonson, The Satyr, first stage-direction. -L. <span class='it'>spinetum</span>, a thicket of thorns; from <span class='it'>spina</span>, thorn.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spinner,</span></span> a spider. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Mids. -Night’s D. ii. 2. 21; Romeo, i. 4. 59; ‘Spynner or spyder, <span class='it'>herigne</span>’, Palsgrave; -‘<span class='it'>Araigne</span>, a spider or spinner’, Cotgrave. In prov. use (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>spynner</span>, ‘arania’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spintry,</span></span> a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius). -L. <span class='it'>spintria</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spiny,</span></span> slender. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 (1 Puritan); A Mad -World, iii. 2. 7. Cp. prov. words <span class='it'>spindly</span>, <span class='it'>spindling</span>, <span class='it'>spindle</span>, meaning -slender, see EDD. (s.v. Spindle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='spire'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spire,</span></span> to sprout, shoot forth. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 52. In prov. use, -see EDD. (s.v. Spire, vb.<sup>1</sup> 8). ME. <span class='it'>spyryn</span>, as corn or odyre lyk, ‘spico’; -<span class='it'>spyre</span> of corne (Prompt. EETS. 429 and 463). OE. <span class='it'>spīr</span> (Leechdoms), cp. -Dan. <span class='it'>spire</span>, a germ, sprout. See <span class='bold'><a href='#spere2'>spere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spirget,</span></span> a wooden peg on which to hang things; ‘There hung a Bowle -of Beech upon a <span class='it'>spirget</span> by a ring’, Golding, Metam. viii. 653. ‘Spurget’ -is in prov. use in the north country, E. Anglia, and Sussex for an iron -hook, see EDD. (s.v. Sperket).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spirt,</span></span> to shoot up (as a plant), to sprout. Hen. V, iii. 5. 8; Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, i. 558. In prov. use in the Midlands and Dorset (EDD.). -OE. <span class='it'>sprytian</span>, to sprout, germinate.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='spital'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spital, spittle,</span></span> a hospital. Formerly <span class='it'>hospital</span>; whence <span class='it'>’spital</span>. Hen. V, -ii. 1. 78; v. 1. 86; Puritan Widow, i. 1. 151; <span class='it'>spittle</span>, Sir Thos. More, i. 3. 81; -‘<span class='it'>Ladrerie</span>, a Spittle for lepers’, Cotgrave. Hence, <span class='it'>spital-house</span>, Timon, iv. 3. 39. -ME. <span class='it'>spytyl hows</span>, ‘leprosorium’ (Prompt. EETS. 429).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spitchcock’d.</span></span> <span class='it'>A spitchcock’d eel</span>, a broiled eel spread on a skewer, -‘Spitchcock’d like a salted eel’, Cotton, Burlesque (Poems, p. 222); -Cartwright, The Ordinary, ii. 1, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 239. Hence -<span class='it'>spitchcock</span>, a spitchcocked eel, Northward Ho, i. 1 (Chamberlain). See Dict. -(s.v. Spitch-cock).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spitter,</span></span> ‘Among Hunters, a red Male Deer near two Years old, whose -Horns begin to grow up sharp, and spit-wise; it is also call’d a Brocket or -Pricket’, Phillips, Dict., ed. 1706; ‘<span class='it'>Subulo</span>, an hart havyng hornes without -tynes, called (as I suppose) a spittare’, Elyot, 1559. Applied to a full-grown -stag by Golding, Metam. x. 117; fol. 121 (1603). Cp. G. <span class='it'>spiesser</span>, -a brocket, a buck of the second year (Grieb-Schröer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spittle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#spital'>spital</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>splay,</span></span> to display, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 93. 13; ‘Hys banners -splaide’, and ‘Our ensignes splayde’, Gascoigne (Nares). Cp. E. <span class='it'>splay-foot</span>, -see Dict. (s.v. Splay).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>splay,</span></span> to castrate, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 249 (mod. edd. <span class='it'>spay</span>). In Shropshire -heifers are <span class='it'>splayed</span> to make them barren (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spleen.</span></span> The organ of the body viewed as the seat of emotions and -passions; impetuosity, eagerness, ‘The spleen of fiery dragons’, Richard III, -v. 3. 350; malice, hatred, ‘I have no spleen against you’, Hen. VIII, -ii. 4. 89; a fit of passion,’ A hair-brained Hotspur, governed by a spleen’, -1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 19; any sudden impulse or fit beyond the control of -reason, esp. a fit of laughter, ‘Thy silly thought enforces my spleen’, -L. L. L. iii. 77; a caprice, ‘A thousand spleens bear her a thousand ways’, -Ven. and Ad. 907. See Schmidt.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>splent,</span></span> a lath, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 122. 10; ‘Splent for an -house, <span class='it'>laite</span>’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Splint, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2). -ME. <span class='it'>splente</span> (Prompt. EETS. 429).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>splent,</span></span> ‘a kind of hard swelling, without Pain, that grows on the Bone -of a Horse’s Leg’, Phillips, Dict., 1706; Greene, Looking Glasse, i (p. 120).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sploach,</span></span> a ‘splotch’, a blot. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, v. 1 -(Don Diego). ‘Splotch’ is in common prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spondil,</span></span> one of the vertebrae of the spine; ‘The spondils of his back’, -B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Tuck). Gk. (Ionic) σπόνδυλος, (Attic) σφόνδυλος, -a vertebra.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spooks-make,</span></span> interpreter; ‘Of Gods the spooks-make’ (= L. <span class='it'>interpres -Divum</span>), Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 373. <span class='it'>Spooks-make</span> = <span class='it'>spokes-make</span>. -‘Spoke’ is in prov. use for talk, conversation (EDD.); ‘make’ is still -in prov. use, meaning a companion. See <span class='bold'><a href='#make'>make</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spoom,</span></span> to sail before the wind. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 96; -Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 1 (Master).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spoon-meat,</span></span> broth. Middleton, The Witch, iv. 1 (Almachildes).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spoorn,</span></span> some kind of hobgoblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); -Denham Tracts (ed. 1895, ii. 77); <span class='it'>the spoorne</span>, Scot, Disc. Witches, 153.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spousayles,</span></span> a marriage, wedding. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, -c. 12, § 2 (ed. Croft, ii. 142); <span class='it'>spousals</span>, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 407. OF. -<span class='it'>espousailles</span>; L. <span class='it'>sponsalia</span>, pl.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sprag,</span></span> quick, alert. Merry Wives, iv. 1. 84. In prov. use in the -north country, Worc. and the west (EDD.). ‘Sprag’ is a later form of -‘sprack’, in common prov. use in various parts of England. Cp. Norw. -dial. <span class='it'>spræk</span>, fresh, lively (Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spraints,</span></span> the dung of the otter, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 73, p. 201; -<span class='it'>sprayntes</span>, id., c. 37, p. 98; Maister of Game, c. 11; Howell, Parl. of Beasts, -8 (Davies, 162). In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). [C. Kingsley, -Two Years Ago, xviii.] F. ‘<span class='it'>esprainctes</span>, <span class='it'>espreinctes</span>, dung of the otter’ (Cotgr.); -<span class='it'>épreintes</span> de la loutre (Hatzfeld). OF. <span class='it'>espreindre</span>, to press out, L. <span class='it'>exprimere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sprent,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> sprinkled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 45. In prov. use in -Scotland and the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>spreynd</span>, also <span class='it'>spreynt</span>, sprinkled -(Wyclif, Heb. ix. 13; Rev. xix. 13), pp. of <span class='it'>sprengen</span>, to sprinkle, OE. <span class='it'>sprengan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spring.</span></span> <span class='it'>A spring garden</span>, a garden in which a concealed spring was -made to spout jets of water over a visitor, when he trod upon a particular -spot. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Pt. I, sc. 1 (Sophocles).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spring,</span></span> a dance-tune. Fletcher, Prophetess, v. 3 (3 Shepherd). In -prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spring, 9). ME. <span class='it'>spring</span>, a merry -dance (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1235).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>spring-halt,</span> a lameness in which a horse twitches up his leg. -Hen. VIII, i. 3. 13.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spring:</span></span> <span class='it'>a spring of pork</span>, the lower part of the fore-quarter, divided -from the neck. Fletcher, The Prophetess, i. 3. 7. In prov. use in -Northants (EDD.). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spring,</span></span> the young growth in a wood, a copse, a grove; ‘The nightingale -among the thick-leav’d spring’, Fletcher, Faithful Sheph. v. 1; -Fairfax, Tasso, xiii. 35; ‘In yonder spring of roses’, Milton, P. L. ix. -218; a young shoot of a tree, Lucrece, 950; <span class='it'>fig.</span> a youth, lad, ‘Being yong -and yet a very spring’, Mirrour for Mag., Northumberland, st. 4; -Spenser, Muiopotmos, 292. ‘Spring’ is in prov. use for young growth, the -undergrowth of wood; a copse, a grove (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>springal,</span></span> a youth. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Laws -of Candy, iii. 2 (Cassilane); <span class='it'>springald</span>, id., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2; -‘Springald, <span class='it'>adolescens</span>’, Levins, Manip. See EDD. (s.v. Springald).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spruntly,</span></span> smartly, sprucely. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Lady T.). -The adj. is in prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spurblind,</span></span> ‘purblind’, nearly blind. Lyly, Sapho, ii. 2 (Phao). -Halliwell says that the word was used by Latimer.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spurling,</span></span> a smelt. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 5; Gascoigne, Supposes, -ii. 4 (Carion). ME. <span class='it'>sperlynge</span>, ‘sperlingus’ (Cath. Angl.); F. <span class='it'>esperlan</span>, -a smelt (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spur-ryal, spur-royal,</span></span> a gold coin, worth about fifteen shillings; also -called a <span class='it'>royal</span> or <span class='it'>ryal</span>. It had a star on the reverse resembling a rowel of -a spur (Nares). Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Young Loveless); -Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spyon, spion,</span></span> a scout, in an army; ‘Captain of the Spyons’, Heywood, -Four Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 242. F. ‘<span class='it'>espion</span>, a spy, scout; <span class='it'>espier</span>, to -spy’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>spyrre,</span></span> to ask, inquire. Morte Arthur, leaf 416, back, 36; bk. xxi, -c. 8. Cp. ‘spur’ in use in the north country for publishing or <span class='it'>asking</span> the -banns of matrimony in church, see EDD. (s.v. Spur, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>speren</span>, to -ask (Barbour’s Bruce, see Gloss.). OE. <span class='it'>spyrian</span>, to inquire into.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squall,</span></span> a term of endearment; ‘The rich gull gallant calls her deare -and love, Ducke, lambe, squall, sweet-heart, cony, and his dove’, Taylor, -1630 (Nares); Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Hellgill); Five Gallants, iv. -2. 3; used as a term of reproach, ‘<span class='it'>Obereau</span>, a young minx or little proud -squal’, Cotgrave; also, applied to a man as a term of contempt, Rare -Triumphs of Love and Fortune (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 199). See Halliwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squander,</span></span> to scatter, disperse, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 32; Dryden, Annus -Mirab., st. 67. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>square,</span></span> rule, exact conduct; ‘I have not kept my square’, Ant. and -Cl. ii. 3. 6; ‘Never breaks square’ (i.e. never gives offence), Middleton, -The Widow, ii (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>square,</span></span> to quarrel. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 30; Titus And. ii. 1. 100; -Ant. and Cl. ii. 1. 45; Harington, Ariosto, xiv. 72; id., Ep. i. 37; a quarrel, -Promos and Cass. ii. 4 (Nares). Hence <span class='it'>squarer</span>, a quarreller, Much -Ado, i. 1. 82. Also, a squadron, ‘Our squares of battle’, Hen. V, iv. 2. -28; ‘Squares of war’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 11. 40. Cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>esqueira</span>, -‘corps de bataille’ (Levy). Med. L. <span class='it'>squadra</span>, ‘caterva, turba, cohors; -acies, copiae militares’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. <span class='it'>squadra</span>, ‘a squadron or troop -of men’ (Florio); F. <span class='it'>escadre</span> (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.vv. Square, Squadron).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squares.</span></span> <span class='it'>How go the squares?</span> how goes the game? The reference is -to the chessboard; Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Purge); May, The -Old Couple, iv. 1 (Sir Argent).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squash,</span></span> the shell or pod of peas or beans; an unripe pea-pod. Twelfth -Nt. i. 5. 166; Wint. Tale, i. 2. 161. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. -Squash, vb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squat,</span></span> to squeeze, crush, bruise. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, -i. 3 (Savourwit). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). OF. -<span class='it'>esquatir</span>, ‘aplatir, briser’ (Didot). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squelch,</span></span> to crush, bruise, strike with a heavy blow. Fletcher, Nice -Valour, v. 1 (Galoshio); a heavy blow, Butler, Hud. i. 2. 836, 933. In -prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squelter,</span></span> to ‘welter’, wallow, roll about; ‘The slaughter’d Trojans -squeltring in their blood’, Locrine, ii. 6. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squib,</span></span> a paltry fellow. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 371. In prov. -use in west Yorks. in the sense of a small dwarfish person, see EDD. (s.v. -Squib, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squib,</span></span> used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for a flashy, futile project or design, Bacon, Henry VII -(ed. Lumby, 195).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squich,</span></span> to move quickly. Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley. ii. 387; to wince, to flinch, Soliman and Perseda, iv. (Basilisco), -id., v. 343. Probably identical with prov. E. <span class='it'>switch</span>, to move quickly, see -EDD. (s.v. Switch, vb.<sup>1</sup> 9).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squince,</span></span> the quinsy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 22, § 3; -‘<span class='it'>Squinantia</span>, the Squince or Squinancie’, Florio; also <span class='it'>squincy</span>, ‘<span class='it'>Esquinance</span>, -the Squincy’, Cotgrave; ‘Shall we not be suspected for the murder, And -choke with a hempen squincy’, Randolph, The Jealous Lovers (ed. 1634, -p. 54). ME. <span class='it'>squynesy</span>, ‘squinancia’ (Prompt. EETS. 431). Sec Dict. (s.v. -Quinsy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squinny, squiny,</span></span> to look asquint. King Lear, iv. 6. 140; ‘How -scornfully she squinnies’, Shirley, Sisters, ii. 2 (Antonio). In prov. use -in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>squire, squier,</span></span> a ‘square’, a rule for measuring, Wint. Tale, iv. 4. -348; <span class='it'>by the squire</span>, by exact rule, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Pan). ME. -<span class='it'>squire</span>, a carpenter’s instrument (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 2090). F. ‘<span class='it'>esquierre</span>, a -rule or square’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staddle,</span></span> a prop, support. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 14; a young growing -tree left standing in a wood after the underwood has been cut away, -Bacon, Essay 29, § 5; id., Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 72). See EDD. OE. -<span class='it'>staþol</span>, a foundation, firm support.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staffe,</span></span> a stave, a stanza; ‘<span class='it'>Staffe</span> . . . The Italian called it <span class='it'>Stanza</span>’, -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 2 (Of proportion in Staffe).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staffier,</span></span> a lacquey, a footman. Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 651. F. ‘<span class='it'>estaffier</span>, -a lackey or footboy, that runs by the stirrup; a servingman that waits -afoot, while his master rides; <span class='it'>estaphe</span>, a stirrup’ (Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>staffiere</span>, -‘a lacquey, that runs by a man’s stirrup’; <span class='it'>staffa</span>, ‘a kind of stirrup for a -saddle’ (Florio). Of Germ. origin, cp. G. <span class='it'>stapfe</span>, a foot-step.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staggers,</span></span> a sudden fit of giddiness, vertigo. Beaumont and Fl., Mad -Lover, i. 1 (Calis); Cymbeline, v. 5. 234; All’s Well, ii. 3. 170; a disease in -horses indicated by staggering and falling down, Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 55.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stakker,</span></span> to stagger. Morte Arthur, leaf 232, back, 6; bk. x, c. 30; -and in Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>stakeren</span>, to stagger (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2687). -Norw. dial. <span class='it'>stakra</span>, to stagger (Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> a station where one lies in wait for birds; ‘Stale for foules -takynge’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>to lie in stale</span>, to lie in wait or ambush, ‘As I lay in -stale To fight with the duke Richard’s eldest son, I was destroy’d’, Mirror -for Mag., 366 (Nares); Stanyhurst, Desc. Ireland (Halliwell). ME. <span class='it'>staal</span>, -of fowlynge or of byrdys takynge ‘stacionaria’ (Prompt. EETS. 432). OF. -<span class='it'>estal</span>, place, séjour, arrêt; <span class='it'>prendre son estal</span>, prendre position (Didot), Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>estal</span> (Ch. Rol. 1108, 2319).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> a decoy; a bird or something in the form of a bird set up to -allure a bird of prey; ‘The fowler’s stale the appearance of which brings -but others to the net’, Cap of Gray Hairs (ed. 1688, p. 96); see Halliwell; -Mirrour for Mag. (Nares); Sidney, Arcadia, ii, p. 169 (Nares); an object -of allurement, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 3; Tempest, iv. 1. 187; a device, -trick, F. Q. ii. 1. 4; a laughing-stock, Titus And. i. 2. 241. In prov. use -in Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>estale</span>, ‘appeau, oiseau -qui sert à attirer les autres’ (Vocab. to Bozon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stale3'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> the shaft of an arrow, Chapman, tr. Iliad, iv. 173; the shaft of -a javelin, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. use in the sense of a shaft, -a long slender handle, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stele'>stele</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> the urine of horses and cattle, Ant. and Cl. i. 4. 62 to urinate, -Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 152; ‘<span class='it'>Escloy</span>, urine, stale’, Cotgrave. In prov. use, -see EDD. (s.v. Stale, vb.<sup>3</sup>). OF. <span class='it'>estaler</span>, to stale (of horses), see Godefroy. -Of Germ, origin, cp. Dan. <span class='it'>stalle</span>, Swed. <span class='it'>stalla</span>, to urinate; cp. G. <span class='it'>stallen</span> (used -of horses); <span class='it'>stall</span>, urine.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> stalemate, at chess; ‘Like a stale at chess, where it is no mate, -but yet the game cannot stir’, Bacon, Essay 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stale,</span></span> to render stale, to make common and worthless. Coriol. i. 1. 95; -Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 240; Jul. Caesar, i. 2. 73; <span class='it'>a stale</span>, a prostitute, harlot, -Much Ado, ii. 2. 26; iv. 1. 66.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stall,</span></span> to forestall. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tiberius); Massinger, -Bashful Lover, iv. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stall,</span></span> to install set in authority, Richard III, i. 3. 206; ‘And stawled -gods doe condiscend’, Turbervile, The Lover excuseth himself. <span class='it'>Stalled to -the rogue</span> (Cant Phrase), admitted as a recognized thief, Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Moll); Harman, Caveat, p. 34. The master-thief admitted a -rogue with the ceremony of pouring a quart of beer over his head, and -using a formula of words.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stall,</span></span> to stick fast; ‘When his cart was stalled (he) lay flat on his back -and cried aloud, Help, Hercules!’, Burton, Anat. Mel., p. 222 (Nares). In -prov. use in the north country and Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Stall, -vb. 20).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stalled,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>; ‘Dole perpetuall, From whence he never should be quit, -nor stal’d’ (rimes with <span class='it'>cal’d</span>), Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1245. Meaning -doubtful.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stalling'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stalling ken,</span></span> a house for receiving stolen goods (Cant). Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); <span class='it'>stauling ken</span>, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; B. Jonson, -Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stammel, stamel,</span></span> a kind of woollen cloth, of a red colour. Beaumont -and Fl., Little French Lawyer, i. 1 (Cleremont); Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, -ii. 1 (D’Ol.). See Nares and Halliwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stamp,</span></span> a stamped coin, a coin. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 16; Macbeth, -iv. 3. 153.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stand.</span></span> <span class='it'>It stands me upon</span>, it is incumbent on me, it is important to me, -I ought. <span class='it'>It standeth thee upon</span>, Lyly, Euphues, p. 271.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>standard,</span></span> a standing-bowl. Greene, Looking Glasse, v. 1 (1858); -p. 141, col. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stander-grass, standard-grass, stander-wort, standle-wort,</span></span> -<span class='it'>Orchis mascula</span>, and other allied plants. <span class='it'>Standelwort</span>, or <span class='it'>Standergrass</span>, -Lyte’s Dodoens, bk. ii, ch. 56; <span class='it'>Royal Standergrass</span>, or Palma Christi, id., -ch. 59; ‘<span class='it'>Foul standergrass</span>’, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 2 (Clorin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staniel,</span></span> a kind of hawk, considered as of inferior value, Twelfth Nt. -ii. 5. 124; hence, a coward, Lady Alimony, i. 3 (Haxter); hence <span class='it'>stanielry</span>, -cowardice, id., v. 2. 17. In prov. use in the north country for the kestrel -or windhover, see EDD. (s.v. Stannel). OE. <span class='it'>stangella</span>, used to translate -L. <span class='it'>pellicanus</span> in Ps. ci. 7 (Vesp. Psalter). See notes on Eng. Etym.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stank,</span></span> weary. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 47. Ital. <span class='it'>stanco</span>, weary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stare,</span></span> a starling. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 541; Middleton, Game -at Chess, iv. 2 (B. Knight). In prov. use in Ireland and in various parts -of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>stare</span>, a starling (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 348); -OE. <span class='it'>stær</span>: ‘tuoege staras’ (Lind. Gosp., Matt. x. 29, rendering of Vulgate -<span class='it'>duo passeres</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stare,</span></span> to bristle up; said of hair. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 56. 11; -§ 98. 4; Jul. Caesar, iv. 3. 280. In prov. use: they say in Herts, ‘It -will make her (a cow’s) hair to stare’, see EDD. (s.v. Stare, vb. 4). Cp. -G. <span class='it'>starren</span>, to bristle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stark'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stark,</span></span> stout, sturdy. Sir T. Wyatt (Nares); stiff (used in speaking of -a dead body), 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 42; Romeo, iv. 1. 103; Cymbeline, iv. 2. 209; -<span class='it'>starkly</span>, stiffly (as in a dead body), Meas. for M. iv. 2. 70. In common -prov. use in the north country in the two meanings (1) stout, sturdy, and -(2) stiff, esp. through rheumatism (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>stearc</span>, stiff, rigid; rough, -strong (B. T.); Icel. <span class='it'>sterkr</span>, strong. See <span class='bold'><a href='#storken'>storken</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>startups,</span></span> rustic shoes with high tops, or half-gaiters; ‘<span class='it'>Guestres</span> -[gaiters], startups, high shooes, or gamashes for countrey folks’, Cotgrave; -Hall, Satires, book vi; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 4 (Cloe). See -Nares. In prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>state,</span></span> high rank, dignity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 93; <span class='it'>chair of state</span>, a -canopied chair, dais, or throne for a king, 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 51; Hen. VIII, -iv. 1. 67; <span class='it'>state</span> = <span class='it'>chair of state</span>, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 51; Coriol. v. 24; Macbeth, -iii. 4. 5; <span class='it'>states</span>, persons of high rank, Cymb. iii. 4. 39; <span class='it'>state</span>, an estate, -Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i. 1. 7; Rule a Wife, iii. 5 (Leon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statist,</span></span> a statesman, politician. Hamlet, v. 2. 33; Beaumont and -Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius). -Ital. <span class='it'>statista</span> (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statua,</span></span> a statue. Jul. Caesar, iii. 2. Bacon, Essay 27, § 6, and 45, -§ 3; a picture, Massinger, City Madam, v. 3 (Sir John, 15th speech). -L. <span class='it'>statua</span>, an image, statue (commonly made of metal).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statuminate,</span></span> to prop up. B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). L. <span class='it'>statumino</span> -(Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statute-caps,</span></span> woollen caps, which, by a statute of 1571, citizens were -enjoined to wear on holydays. L. L. L. v. 2. 281. Also, the wearers of -such caps, citizens, Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statute-lace,</span></span> lace made according to a law that regulated its width -and material. Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (Perigot).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statute-merchant,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>statute-staple,</span></span> a bond acknowledged -before one of the clerks of the <span class='it'>statute-merchant</span>, and mayor of the <span class='it'>staple</span>, or -chief warden of the City of London, or other sufficient men; see quotation -from Blount, in Nares. ‘His lands be engaged in twenty statutes staple’, -Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Glister); cp. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, -Sat. iii. 110.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stauling ken;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#stalling'>stalling ken</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='staunce'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>staunce,</span></span> disagreement. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#distance'>distance</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stead,</span></span> to stand in good stead; ‘Necessaries which since have steaded -much’, Temp. i. 2. 165; to be of use to, benefit, help, Gent. Ver. ii. 1. -124; Othello, i. 3. 344; <span class='it'>stead up</span>, to take a person’s place (in an arrangement), -Meas. for M. iii. 1. 261.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>steaming;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#steming'>steming</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sted,</span></span> a bedstead. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgies, ii. 726.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stedy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stedy,</span></span> an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 149, back, 30. This form -for ‘stithy’ is in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Stiddy). -Icel. <span class='it'>steði</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stithy'>stithy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>steenkirk,</span></span> a loose cravat of fine lace. Vanbrugh, The Relapse, i. 3 -(Sempstress); Congreve, Love for Love, i. 2 (Scandal). Named with -reference to the battle of Steenkerke (1692). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stele'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stele,</span></span> the shaft of an arrow, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; the handle -of a rake, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 19; ‘Steale or handell of a staffe, -<span class='it'>manche</span>’, Palsgrave. This word in many spellings is in common prov. use -in Scotland and England for a shaft or handle, esp. a long straight handle, -see EDD. (s.v. Steal, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>stele</span>, or sterte of a vessel, ‘ansa’ (Prompt. -EETS. 434). OE. <span class='it'>stela</span>, a stalk. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stale3'>stale</a></span> (3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stelled,</span></span> fixed; ‘A face where all distress is stell’d’, Lucrece, 1444; -<span class='it'>stelled fires</span>, fixed stars, King Lear, iii. 7. 61. ‘To stell’ is in prov. use in -Scotland in the sense of to place, set, fix, see EDD. (s.v. Stell, vb. 7). -OE. <span class='it'>stellan</span>, to place.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stellionate,</span></span> fraudulent dealing. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, -p. 62. L. <span class='it'>stellionatus</span>, trickery; from <span class='it'>stellio</span>, a knave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stem,</span></span> to keep in, enclose. Spelt <span class='it'>stemme</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 12. -Icel. <span class='it'>stemma</span>, to stop, dam up.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='steming'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>steming,</span></span> shining, bright; ‘Two stemyng eyes’, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. -53; ‘With skouling steaming eyes’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 300 (L. <span class='it'>stant -lumina flamma</span>). ME. <span class='it'>steeme</span>, or lowe of fyre, ‘flamma’ (Prompt. EETS. -434); <span class='it'>stem</span>: ‘A stem Als it were a sunnebem’ (Havelok, 591).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stench,</span></span> ‘staunch’, firm; hence, continent. Lady Alimony, iii. 3 -(Sea-song, st. 5). See EDD. (s.v. Staunch, adj. 10 and 11).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stene, steane,</span></span> a stone jar or pitcher. Spelt <span class='it'>stene</span>, Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Aristippus, § 17; <span class='it'>steane</span>, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 42. ‘Stean’ is in prov. use -in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. 3). ME. <span class='it'>steene</span>, a pitcher, -earthenware vessel, Trevisa, tr. Higden, bk. i, c. 41; OE. <span class='it'>stǣna</span>, an -earthenware jug (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stent'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stent,</span></span> to leave off, to cause to cease. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 12; to cease, -pt. t., Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 32. In common prov. use -in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stent, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). ME. <span class='it'>stenten</span>, to cease, to cause -to cease (Chaucer). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stint1'>stint</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stepony;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#stiponie'>stiponie</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stept in age,</span></span> advanced in years. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 152. -OE. <span class='it'>stæppan</span>, <span class='it'>steppan</span>, to proceed, advance (B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stern,</span></span> the hinder part of an object; used of the tail of a dragon. -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; i. 11. 28. The same word as <span class='it'>stern</span>, the hinder part -of a ship. Hence <span class='it'>sternage</span>, steerage, Hen. V, iii, Prol. 18. Icel. <span class='it'>stjōrn</span>, -a steering, hence, the steering-place.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sterve,</span></span> to die. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34; Fairfax, Tasso, ii. 17. ME. -<span class='it'>sterve</span>, to die, esp. to die of famine (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1249; C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 451). -OE. <span class='it'>steorfan</span>, to die; cp. G. <span class='it'>sterben</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stethva,</span></span> a congress of Welsh bards. Drayton, Pol. iv. 177. Welsh -<span class='it'>eisteddfod</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>steven,</span></span> voice, outcry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 224; <span class='it'>steuyn</span>, Skelton, -ed. Dyce, i. 130, l. 144. In common prov. use in the north country, see -EDD. (s.v. Steven, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2). ME. <span class='it'>stevene</span>, voice (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2562). -OE. <span class='it'>stefn</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stick-free,</span></span> sword-proof, invulnerable to a sword-thrust. Burton, -Anat. Mel., Of Witches and Magicians (ed. Shilleto, 1. 233); Shirley, -Young Admiral, iv. 1 (ed. 1637). See Mod. Lang. Notes, June, 1912. -G. <span class='it'>stichfrei</span>, sword-proof.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stickle,</span></span> to interpose between combatants, and separate them when they -had sufficiently satisfied the laws of honour, to act as umpire between -combatants; ‘I styckyll betwene wrastellers . . . to se that none do other -wronge, or I parte folkes that be redy to fyght’, Palsgrave; ‘(The angel) -stickles betwixt the remainders of God’s hosts and the race of fiends’, -Dryden, Ded. Trans. Juvenal; <span class='it'>to be stickled</span>, to be settled by a ‘stickler’, -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph. 6. Hence <span class='it'>stickler</span>, Tr. and Cr. v. 8. 18; -Florio, Montaigne, ii. 27; Dryden, Oliver Cromwell, 41. ME. <span class='it'>stihtlen</span>, to -order, arrange, as a steward or a master of the ceremonies (P. Plowman, -C. xvi. 40). See Nares, Trench, Select Glossary (ed. 1890), and Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sticklebag,</span></span> a ‘stickleback’, a small fish. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at -several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stigmatic,</span></span> one branded with infamy, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), -ed. Dyce, p. 26; one branded by nature with deformity, 2 Hen. VI, -v. 1. 215; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 136; also, <span class='it'>stigmatical</span>, Com. Errors, iv. 2. 22. -Gk. στιγματικός, branded with a mark (στίγμα).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stike,</span></span> a ‘stich’, a verse. Sackville, Induction, st. 21. Gk. στίχος, a -row, a line.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>still,</span></span> to ‘distil’, to fall in drops. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 35.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stillatory,</span></span> a still-room, for keeping distilled waters. Beaumont and -Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (near end). Late L. <span class='it'>stillatorium</span>, from <span class='it'>stillare</span>, -to fall in drops.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Stilliard,</span></span> the Steelyard; the place of business used by the German -merchants in London. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); <span class='it'>Stilyard merchants</span>, -merchants of the Steelyard, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. 88). See Notes -and Queries, 10 S. vi. 413, and Dict. (s.v. Steelyard, 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stint1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stint,</span></span> to cause to cease. Timon, v. 4. 83; to cease, Pericles, iv. 4. 42; -Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; Mother Hubberd, 1092. ME. <span class='it'>stinte</span>, to cease, to -cause to cease (Chaucer). See M. and S. (s.v. Stynten). OE. <span class='it'>styntan</span>, to -make dull, ‘<span class='it'>hebetare</span>’ (B. T.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stent'>stent</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stint,</span></span> some kind of bird. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 339. In prov. use for -various kinds of birds, the dunlin, the sandpiper, and the linnet -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stiponie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stiponie.</span></span> ‘<span class='it'>Stipone</span>, a kind of sweet compound liquor drunk in some -ill places in London in the summer-time’, Blount, Glossographia, p. 612. -‘Do you not understand the mystery of stiponie, Jenny? <span class='it'>Maid.</span> I -know how to make democuana, sir’, Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 -(Sir Frederick); also spelt <span class='it'>stepony</span>, see Dict. Rusticum, Urbanicum et -Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726, where the receipt for brewing this sweet liquor -is given; see Notes and Queries, 6 S. iv. 155.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stire, styre,</span></span> to guide, direct. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 7; ii. 5. 2. OE. -<span class='it'>stȳran</span>, to direct, steer. See Dict. (s.v. Steer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stirp,</span></span> a stem, stock, family. Bacon, Essay 14, § 1. L. <span class='it'>stirps</span>, a stem.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stitch,</span></span> a space between two double furrows in ploughed land; a ridge. -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 495; Odyssey, viii. 171. In the latter passage, -a <span class='it'>stitch’s</span> length may mean a furrow’s length or furlong. This word is in -prov. use in various parts of England for a narrow ridge of land, as much -land as lies between two furrows; a balk or portion of grass-land in an -arable field; see EDD. (s.v. Stitch, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8 and 9).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stitch,</span></span> a sudden cramp; hence, a contortion, a grimace. Beaumont -and Fl., Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stitchel,</span></span> a troublesome fellow; a term of reproach. Lady Alimony, -v. 3. 13 (Wife). A Linc. word for a troublesome child, see EDD. (s.v. -Stetchel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stithy'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stithy,</span></span> an anvil, Hamlet, iii. 2. 80 (some edd. have <span class='it'>stith</span>); to forge, -‘The forge that stithied Mars his helm’, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 255. In prov. -use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>stith</span>, an anvil (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2026). Icel. <span class='it'>steði</span>. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#stedy'>stedy</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoccata,</span></span> a thrust, in fencing. Romeo, iii. i. 77; <span class='it'>stoccado</span>, Merry -Wives, ii. 1. 234; <span class='it'>stockado</span>, Marston, Sat. i. 132. Ital. <span class='it'>stoccata</span>, a thrust, a -stoccado given with a <span class='it'>stócco</span> (a tuck or short-arming sword); see Florio; -Span. <span class='it'>estocáda</span>, a thrust with a weapon, a stab (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stock1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stock,</span></span> to hit with the point of a sword; ‘A chevalier would stock a -needle’s point Three times together’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Alvarez); -a thrust in fencing, Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Malevole); Antonio, Pt. II, -i. 2 (Matzagente). F. <span class='it'>estoc</span>, ‘a rapier or tuck, also, a thrust; <span class='it'>coup d’estoc</span>, -a thrust, stockado, stab’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stuck'>stuck</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stock,</span></span> nether-stock or stocking. Greene, Description of Chaucer, 3 (ed. -Dyce, p. 320). In prov. use in Yorks. and Norfolk (see EDD., s.v. Stock, 18).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stock-fish,</span></span> dried haddock or cod; ‘Haddockes or hakes indurate and -dryed with coulde, and beaten with clubbes or <span class='it'>stockes</span>, by reason whereof -the Germayns caule them <span class='it'>stockefyshe</span>’, R. Eden, Works (ed. Arber, p. 303); -Temp. iii. 2. 79; Meas. iii. 2. 116. The reason for the name is uncertain; -Koolman gives the Low G. form as <span class='it'>stok-fisk</span>, and thinks they were so called -because dried upon <span class='it'>stocks</span> or poles in the sun.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stoin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoin,</span></span> to be astonished or astounded; ‘I stoinid’, Phaer, Aeneid ii, -774; iii. 48 (L. <span class='it'>obstupui</span>). See <span class='bold'><a href='#astonied'>astonied</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stomach,</span></span> courage, Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 7. 8, 15; 2 Hen. IV, -i. 1. 129; Hamlet, i. 1. 100; proud or arrogant spirit, Hen. VIII, iv. 2. 34; -resentment, angry temper, King Lear, v. 3. 75; to resent, to be angry, -Ant. and Cl. iii. 4. 12; Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 2. 26. In prov. use for -courage, pride, anger, bad temper (EDD.). Cp. Span. and Port. <span class='it'>estomago</span>, -courage, valour, resolution; L. <span class='it'>stomachus</span>, displeasure, irritation, <span class='it'>stomachari</span>, -to be irritated, out of humour.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stond,</span></span> a stop, impediment, hindrance. Bacon, Essays 40 and 50. ‘To -stand’, to bring to a stop, in prov. use in Surrey and Sussex: ‘I’ve seen -a wagon stood in the snow’; see EDD. (s.v. Stand, 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stone-bow,</span></span> a cross-bow from which stones could be shot. Twelfth -Night, ii. 5. 51; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stool-ball,</span></span> a game formerly popular among young women. Middleton, -Women beware, iii. 3 (Isabella); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 101; Chapman, -tr. of Odyssey, vi. 139. The idea of the game was much like that of -cricket. A stool was the wicket; the hand was used as a bat, to defend -it from the ball. See Strutt’s Sports. The game is still played in many -parts of England, and in almost every village in Sussex (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stoop1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoop,</span></span> a post, pillar. Tancred and Gismunda, iv. 2 (Tancred), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 66; ‘You glorious martyrs, you illustrious stoops’, -Quarles, Emblems, v. 10; ‘Stoulpe before a doore, <span class='it'>souche</span>’, Palsgrave; -<span class='it'>stulpe</span>, Stow, Survey, Bridge Ward Within (ed. Thoms, 79). The word is -in gen. prov. use in Scotland and England in various forms: <span class='it'>stoup</span>, <span class='it'>stowp</span>, -<span class='it'>stolpe</span>, <span class='it'>stulp</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>, see EDD. (s.v. Stoop, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>stulp</span>, or stake, ‘paxillus’ -(Prompt. EETS. 444, see note, no. 2171). Icel. <span class='it'>stōlpi</span>, a post, pillar, cp. -<span class='it'>Stōlpa-sund</span>, the Pillar Sound, the Sound of the Pillars of Hercules, the -Straits of Gibraltar.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoop,</span></span> to swoop downwards as a bird of prey on its quarry; ‘The bird -of Jove, stooped from his aery tour, Two birds . . . before him drove’, -Milton, P. L. xi. 185; used <span class='it'>fig.</span>, B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 3 (Lovewit); -used trans., to pounce upon, seize, ‘The hawk that stooped my pheasant’, -Webster, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Mayberry); ‘Teach it (my spirit) to stoop -whole kingdoms’, Fletcher, Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stoor'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoor,</span></span> strong, robust, sturdy, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 129. In prov. -use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). ME. <span class='it'>stoore</span>, or herd, or boystows, -‘austerus, rigidus’ (Prompt. EETS. 439). Icel. <span class='it'>stōrr</span>, rough, great. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#stowre'>stowre</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stooved,</span></span> kept in a warm chamber; ‘Myrtles, if they be stooved’, -Bacon, Essay 46. From <span class='it'>stoove</span> = <span class='it'>stove</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='storken'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>storken,</span></span> to stiffen, to congeal, coagulate; ‘Storken, <span class='it'>congelari</span>’, Levins, -Manip. In common use in the north country (EDD.). Icel. <span class='it'>storkna</span>, to -coagulate. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stark'>stark</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stork'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stork’s bill,</span></span> a gesture of scorn; ‘This sanna, or stork’s bill’, B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Cp. L. <span class='it'>ciconia</span>, (1) a stork; (2) a -derisory bending of the fingers in form of a stork’s bill (Persius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stound'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stound, stownd,</span></span> time, occasion, moment. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 38; -Shep. Kal., Oct., 49. The ‘Glosse’ to Shep. Kal., May, 257, has ‘<span class='it'>stounds</span>, -fittes’, i.e. attacks of illness. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>stounde</span>, hour, -time (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1212), OE. <span class='it'>stund</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stowne'>stowne</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stoup,</span></span> a stoop, a low bow, a condescending movement. B. Jonson, -Alchem. iv. 2 (Face); ‘Now observe the stoops, The bendings, and the -falls’, id., Sejanus, i. 1 (Silius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stour, stowre,</span></span> a conflict, battle, contest; trouble, confusion, disturbance; -danger, peril. The word is used in all these meanings by -Spenser: F. Q. i. 2. 7; i. 3. 30; i. 4. 46; iii. 1. 34; iii. 2. 6; iii. 3. 50; -Shep. Kal., Jan., 27. ME. <span class='it'>stour</span>, battle, contest (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1270). -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>estour</span>, combat, battle (Gower, Mirour, 1927), O. Prov. <span class='it'>estor</span>, <span class='it'>estorn</span>, -‘combat, mêlée’; <span class='it'>estornir</span>, <span class='it'>estormir</span>, ‘assaillir, attaquer’ (Levy); Ital. <span class='it'>stormo</span>, -a conflict, combat (Fanfani); of Germ. origin, MHG. <span class='it'>sturm</span>, disturbance, -combat (Schade).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stover,</span></span> provisions, fodder for cattle; ‘Our low medowes . . . not so -profitable for stover and forrage as the higher meads be’, Harrison, Desc. -Brit. 110 (Halliwell); Tusser, Husbandry, November; Tempest, iv. 1. 63; -Drayton, Pol. xxv, p. 1158 (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of England -for winter fodder or litter for cattle, hence stubble (EDD.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>estover</span>, -maintenance, necessary sustenance; allowances of wood to be taken out of -another man’s woods (Cowell’s Interpreter); OF. <span class='it'>estovoir</span>, to be necessary. -Romanic type <span class='it'>stopere</span>, a verb formed from L. <span class='it'>est opus</span>, it is necessary, so -W. Forster, see Gautier’s Ch. Roland, Glossary (s.v. Estoet). See Ducange -(s.v. Estoverium).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stover up,</span></span> to bristle up. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 1. 2. ‘To stover’ -is entered in EDD. as an obsolete west-country word for ‘to bristle up’, -probably from ‘stover’, meaning stubble. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stownd,</span></span> to amaze, ‘astound’, to beat down, Heywood, Golden Age, -A. iii (Enceladus), vol. iii, p. 48; to strike senseless, id., Iron Age, A. v -(Ajax); p. 343; <span class='it'>stound</span>, pp., Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 19.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stowne'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stowne,</span></span> an hour, a short time; ‘Whoso love Endureth but a stowne’, -Turbervile, The Lover finding his Love flitted, st. 16. See <span class='bold'><a href='#stound'>stound</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stowre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stowre,</span></span> strong, hardy; ‘Constancie knits the bones and makes us -stowre’, G. Herbert, Temple, Church-porch, st. 20; ‘Stowre of conversacyon, -<span class='it'>estourdy</span>’, Palsgrave; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 12; <span class='it'>stower</span>, -hard, strong, ‘The stower nayles’, Latimer, 7 Sermon bef. King (ed. -Arber, 185). In prov. use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). See <span class='bold'><a href='#stoor'>stoor</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strage,</span></span> slaughter, heap of slain men. Heywood, Dialogue 2, l. 16; -Dial. 3 (Hellen); vol. vi, pp. 111, 143; Webster, Appius, v. 3 (Appius). -L. <span class='it'>strages</span>, slaughter.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='strain1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strain,</span></span> race, descent, breed; ‘The noblest of thy strain’, Jul. Caes. v. -1. 59; Hen. V, ii. 4. 51. A dialect form of <span class='bold'><a href='#strene'>strene</a>,</span> q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strain:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to strain courtesy</span>, to stand upon ceremony, to refuse to go -first, Venus and Ad. 888.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strain,</span></span> to distrain, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1104. In prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Strain, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strain,</span></span> to restrain, repress; ‘These stormy windes to straine, or make -to blow’, Phaer, Aeneid i, 80.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strake,</span></span> a particular note blown by a hunter; apparently after the -game is killed; ‘To the flyghte, to the dethe, and to strake, and many -other blastes and termes’, Morte Arthur, leaf 250, back, 11; bk. x, c. 52; -‘Then [after the death of the game] should the most master blow a mote -and stroke’, The Master of Game, ch. 35. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>strake</span>, to sound a note, -to sound a blast on a trumpet (Wars Alex. 1386).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strake,</span></span> the hoop of a cart-wheel or chariot-wheel. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xx. 247; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ezek. i. 18 (margin). In prov. use for a section or -strip of the iron tire or rim of a cart-wheel, see EDD. (s.v. Strake, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stramazoun,</span></span> a downright blow. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, -iv. 4 (Fast. Brisk); <span class='it'>stramison</span>, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). -Ital. <span class='it'>stramazzone</span>, ‘a downright blow’; deriv. of <span class='it'>stramazzare</span>, ‘to kill -throughly’ (Florio); cp. F. <span class='it'>estramaçon</span>, a stroke given with the edge of -the sword (Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strange,</span></span> belonging to another country, foreign; ‘Joseph . . . made -himselfe strange unto them’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xlii. 7 (i.e. acted as a stranger -towards them); ‘Strange children’, foreigners, Psalm xviii. 45, 46 -(P.B.V.); ‘A strange tongue’, Cymbeline, i. 6. 54; <span class='it'>to make it strange</span>, to -seem to be surprised or shocked, Two Gent. i. 2. 102; Titus And. ii. 1. 81; -B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). OF. <span class='it'>estrange</span>, foreign; L. <span class='it'>extraneus</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strangeness,</span></span> shyness, like that of a stranger. Middleton, The -Witch, iii. 2 (Isabella).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strappado,</span></span> a kind of torture. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 262. The torture -consisted in drawing a person up by his arms (fastened together behind -his back), and then letting him drop suddenly with a jerk, which inflicted -severe pain. The word has been turned into a Spanish-looking form, but -it appears to be rather of Italian origin. Ital. <span class='it'>strappata</span>, a pulling-up -(Florio). Cp. F. <span class='it'>strapade</span> (16th cent., Godefroy); <span class='it'>estrapade</span> (Dict. de l’Acad., -1762). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strapple,</span></span> to fasten, bind, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); -to impede; id., tr. of Iliad xvi, 438. In W. Yorks. ‘to strapple’ means -to bind, make fast with a cord, &c. (EDD.). Cp. ME. <span class='it'>strapeles</span>, fastenings -of breeches; <span class='it'>strapils</span>, Cath. Angl.; see Dict. M. and S.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>streak,</span></span> to stretch. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. 36, 57. In -prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Streak, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>streken</span> -(Hampole, Ps. lxxix. 12); <span class='it'>strekis</span>, stretches (Wars Alex. 1953).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='strene'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strene,</span></span> generation, breed, race, lineage; ‘Dame Nature’s strene’, The -Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 55; Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 32; vi. 6. 9. -ME. <span class='it'>streen</span>, race, progeny (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 157); OE. (Anglian) <span class='it'>strēnan</span> -(WS. <span class='it'>strīenan</span>), to beget, generate. See <span class='bold'><a href='#strain1'>strain</a></span> (race).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strength,</span></span> a fortress, a strong defence, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 2 -(Donusa); v. 6. (end); ‘Sin (or Pelusium) the strength of Egypt’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, -Ezek. xxx. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>streperous,</span></span> noisy. Heywood, Dialogue I, The Shipwrack (Adolphus); -vol. vi, p. 101; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 6. 6. Cp. L. <span class='it'>obstreperus</span>, -noisy, clamorous (Apuleius, Florida, 126); deriv. of <span class='it'>strepere</span>, to make a noise.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strich,</span></span> the screech-owl. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 36. L. <span class='it'>strix</span>, Gk. στρίγξ.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strike:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>strike me luck</span>, used in striking a bargain, and giving -earnest upon it; said by the recipient of the money. Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, ii. 3 (Young Loveless); Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 540.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strike,</span></span> to steal (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); to -pick a purse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (1 Cutpurse). See Halliwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>striker,</span></span> a libertine (Cant). Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1 Court.); -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stringer,</span></span> a wencher (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, -i. 1 (Wife).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strip,</span></span> to outstrip. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 4; to go very rapidly, -‘The swiftest hound, when he is hallowed, strippes forth’, Gosson, -School of Abuse (Halliwell).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strives</span> (<span class='bold'>?</span>)<span class='bold'>.</span></span> ‘They [ants] startle forth in troupes of striues’, Twyne, -tr. of Aeneid, bk. xiii. [1583]; fol. <span style='font-size:smaller'>U</span> 5, back.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stroke,</span></span> to flatter, soothe, B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers (Opinion); -<span class='it'>stroker</span>, a flatterer, id., Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Keep). OE. <span class='it'>strācian</span>, to -stroke, caress, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>streichōn</span>, ‘demulcere’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strommel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#strummel'>strummel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strong,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> strung, furnished with strings; ‘Playing on yvorie harp -with silver strong’, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 16.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stroot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stroot, strout,</span></span> to swell out, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 402; Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, i. 464; to be filled full, id., xxi, line 4 from end. ME. <span class='it'>strowtyn</span>, -‘turgeo’ (Prompt. EETS. 468). Cp. G. <span class='it'>strotzen</span>, to swell. See <span class='bold'><a href='#strut'>strut</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='strossers'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strossers,</span></span> tight drawers. Hen. V, iii. 7. 57; ‘The Italian close -strosser’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook (Nares). See Dyce’s Glossary to Shaks. -See Dict. (s.v. Trousers).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strout;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#stroot'>stroot</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stroy,</span></span> to destroy. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 15. ME. <span class='it'>stroyen</span>, to destroy -(P. Plowman, B. xv. 387).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='strummel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strummel,</span></span> straw (Cant); ‘The doxy’s in the strummel’, Broome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Randal); <span class='it'>strommel</span>, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). Hence <span class='it'>strummel-patched</span>, -‘Strummel-patch’d, goggle-eyed grumbledories’, B. Jonson, Every Man out -of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). Perhaps the same word as <span class='it'>strummel</span>, E. Anglian -for an untidy rough head of hair (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='strut'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>strut,</span></span> to swell out. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Pastoral, iv. 25. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#stroot'>stroot</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stryfull,</span></span> strife-full, contentious. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='stuck'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stuck,</span></span> in Hamlet, iv. 7. 161, ‘Your venom’d stuck’, usually explained -as = <span class='it'>stoccado</span>, a thrust with a rapier, but it may mean the rapier itself. -Cp. Cotgrave: ‘<span class='it'>Estoc</span>, a rapier or tuck, also a thrust.’ See <span class='bold'><a href='#stock1'>stock</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>studde,</span></span> stock or stem of a tree. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 13. -‘Stud’ is in prov. use for an upright post, an upright piece of wood to -which laths are nailed, hence ‘stud and mud’ buildings (Nottingham), -the same as ‘wattle and dab’. ME. <span class='it'>stode</span>, or stake, ‘palus’ (Voc. 600. 4), -OE. <span class='it'>studu</span>, a post (Ælfred, Beda, iii. 10); cp. Icel. <span class='it'>stoð</span>, a post. See Dict. -(s.v. Stud).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stulpe;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#stoop1'>stoop</a></span> (a post).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stum,</span></span> unfermented wine, must. B. Jonson, Leges Conviviales, st. 5; -Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 569; Dryden, The Medal, 270. Hence <span class='it'>stummed wine</span>, -wine made from unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, new strong -wine, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 3 (L. Dunce); Prior, Scaligeriana, 2. -<span class='it'>Stum</span>, to make lively as with new wine, Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 2 -(Dorimant). Du. <span class='it'>stom</span>, stum, ‘the flower of fermenting wine’; <span class='it'>gestomde -wyn</span>, ‘stummed, sophisticated wine’ (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stupe,</span></span> a piece of tow or flannel dipped in warm liquor, and applied to -a wound. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 2 (Dorilaus). L. <span class='it'>stuppa</span>, -tow.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>stutte,</span></span> to stutter. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 (Tibullus); ‘I stutte, -<span class='it'>Je besgue</span>’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Stutt). ME. -<span class='it'>stotyn</span>, ‘balbucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 468); <span class='it'>stutte</span>, ‘balbutire’ (Cath. Angl.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sty, stie,</span></span> to ascend, mount up, rise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 25; ii. 7. -46; iv. 9. 33; Muiopotmos, 42. ME. <span class='it'>stien</span>, to ascend (Wyclif, John xx. 17). -OE. <span class='it'>stīgan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>styfemoder,</span></span> stepmother. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 41. 21. Du. <span class='it'>stiefmoeder</span> -(Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>subact,</span></span> to subdue. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 8. L. -<span class='it'>subactus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>subigere</span>, to subdue, reduce.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>subeth.</span></span> ‘You are subject to subeth, unkindly sleeps’, Middleton, -Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 4 (Sweetball). F. <span class='it'>subet</span>, ‘a lethargy’ (Cotgr.). -Med. L. <span class='it'>subitus</span> = L. <span class='it'>sopitus</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>sopire</span>, to deprive of consciousness, to -lull to sleep; see Ducange.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sublime,</span></span> to cause to pass off in a state of vapour. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1 (Mammon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>submit,</span></span> to let down, lower, allow to subside. Dryden, To Lord -Chancellor Clarendon, 139; <span class='it'>submitted</span>, lowered, Astrae Redux, 249.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>succeed,</span></span> to follow after. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 8. L. <span class='it'>succedere</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>success,</span></span> issue, result (good or bad); ‘What is the success?’, Ant. and -Cl. iii. 5. 6; ‘Such vile success’, Othello, iii. 3. 222; descent from parents, -succession, ‘Our parents’ noble names, In whose success we are gentle’, -Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 394.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>successive,</span></span> successful. Lady Alimony, iii. 1 (2 Citizen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>succussation,</span></span> trotting. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iv, c. 6, -§ 1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 48. L. <span class='it'>succussare</span>, to jolt.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sucket,</span></span> a dried sweetmeat, sugar-plum. Beaumont and Fl., Sea -Voyage, v. 2. 31; Tourneur, Atheist’s Tragedy, ii. 5 (Levidulcia); Levins, -Manipulus. In prov. use in Leic., Shropsh., and Devon (EDD.). OF. -<span class='it'>succade</span>, also <span class='it'>sucrade</span>, ‘chose sucrée, dragée, sucrerie’ (Godefroy); O. Prov. -<span class='it'>sucrada</span>, ‘sucrée’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sufferance,</span></span> pain; Meas. for M. ii. 4. 167; loss, Othello, ii. 1. 23. F. -<span class='it'>souffrance</span>, ‘sufferance, forbearance, also, need, poverty, penury’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suffragate,</span></span> to support by a vote, to be subsidiary to, to aid. Dryden, -Prol. to the Univ. of Oxford, 31. L. <span class='it'>suffragare</span>, to vote for.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sugar-loaf,</span></span> a high-crowned hat. Westward Ho, v. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sugerchest,</span></span> the name of a kind of wood; ‘To flesh and blood this -Tree but wormewood seemes, How ere the name may be of Sugerchest’, -Davies, Holy Roode, Dedication (Davies, Suppl. Eng. Gloss.); Ascham, -Toxophilus, pp. 123, 125.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suggill,</span></span> to beat black and blue; to cudgel. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 1039. -L. <span class='it'>sugillare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suitor,</span></span> pronounced so as to resemble <span class='it'>shooter</span>; ‘A Lady . . . hadde three -<span class='it'>sutors</span>, and yet never a good archer’, Lyly, Euphues, p. 293.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sulk,</span></span> to furrow, plough, cleave. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 118; ii. -218. L. <span class='it'>sulcus</span>, a furrow.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sultanin,</span></span> an Arabic coin; ‘A thousand golden sultanins’, Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha). Arab, <span class='it'>sulṭânîy</span>, belonging to a sovereign; -a sultanine (a gold coin about nine shillings), Richardson. Arab, <span class='it'>sulṭân</span>, -a sultan.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>summed,</span></span> a term in falconry, having all the feathers complete; ‘The -muse from Cambria comes with pinions summ’d and sound’, Drayton, -Pol. xi, p. 859 (Nares); ‘My prompted song . . . with prosperous wing full -summ’d’, Milton, P. R. i. 14; ‘(The birds) feathered soon and fledge . . . -summed their pens’, id., P. L. vii. 421; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> of clothes, ‘Till you be -summ’d again—velvets and scarlets’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without -Money, iii. 4 (Lance).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sumpter,</span></span> a driver of a pack-horse, King Lear, ii. 4. 219; Sir Thos. -More, iii. 2. 43. ME. <span class='it'>sumpter</span> (King Alisaunder, 6023), OF. <span class='it'>sommetier</span>, -a pack-horse driver (Roquefort), O. Prov. <span class='it'>saumatier</span>, ‘conducteur de bêtes -de somme’ (Levy), Med. L. <span class='it'>saumaterius</span> (Ducange, s.v. Sagma), deriv. of -<span class='it'>saumarius</span>, <span class='it'>sagmarius</span>, a pack-horse. See <span class='bold'><a href='#somer'>somer</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>supply,</span></span> to supplicate, beseech. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 49. F. -<span class='it'>supplier</span>, L. <span class='it'>supplicare</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suppose,</span></span> a supposition, conjecture. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; Tr. and Cr. -i. 3. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surantler;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#antlier'>antlier</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surbate,</span></span> to tire out the feet with walking. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 34; -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 6 (end), p. 15; A Cure for a Cuckold, ii. 4 (Woodroff); -<span class='it'>surbet</span>, pp., ‘A traveiler with feet surbet’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 22. Hence -<span class='it'>surbater</span>, one who wearies another out, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 3 -(Metaphor). Cp. Cotgrave, ‘<span class='it'>Surbature</span>, a surbating’; also, ‘<span class='it'>Soubatture</span>, a -surbating, or surbate’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surcease,</span></span> prop. a law-term, a delay allowed or ordered by authority; -arrest, stop, cessation. Macbeth, i. 7. 8; to delay, to desist, Prayer Book, -Ordin. Deacons; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 13; Coriolanus, iii. 2. 121; Lucrece, -1766; Chapman, tr. Iliad, vii. 45. OF. <span class='it'>sursis</span>, delay, stop (Littré), Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>sursise</span> (Laws of William); <span class='it'>sursis</span>, pp. of Norm. F. <span class='it'>surseër</span> (F. <span class='it'>surseoir</span>), to -pause, intermit (Moisy), Mod. L. <span class='it'>supersedere</span>, to delay (Ducange). In -Law L. a writ of <span class='it'>supersedeas</span> is issued to stay proceedings, L. <span class='it'>supersedere</span>, -to desist from. <span class='it'>Surcease</span> owes its form to association with <span class='it'>cease</span> (F. <span class='it'>cesser</span>). -Tho original pronunciation of the <span class='it'>i</span> in <span class='it'>sursis</span> is preserved as in <span class='it'>caprice</span>, <span class='it'>police</span>, -<span class='it'>machine</span>, <span class='it'>marine</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surcingle,</span></span> a girth, a girdle. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 -(Captain). OF. <span class='it'>sourcengle</span> (Godefroy). L. <span class='it'>super</span>, above; <span class='it'>cingulum</span>, a belt, -girdle, from <span class='it'>cingere</span>, to gird.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sure,</span></span> indissolubly joined, firmly united. Merry Wives, v. 5. 249; -L. L. L. v. 2. 286; affianced, betrothed, ‘A woman he was sure unto’, -Records of Oxford, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1530, p. 75.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surfle, surfell, surphle,</span></span> to wash with sulphur-water or other -cosmetic. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Maquerelle); Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, -ii. 1 (Mauruccio). OF. <span class='it'>soufrer</span>, to impregnate with sulphur or with sulphur-vapour -(Godefroy, Supp.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surquedry,</span></span> presumption, pride, arrogance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 31; -Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalaura); Drayton, Owl, p. 1301 -(Nares); <span class='it'>surcuidrie</span>, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvii. 20. ME. <span class='it'>surquidrie</span>, presumption -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 403), arrogance (id., Tr. and Cr. i. 213). Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>surquiderie</span> (Gower, Mirour, 1443), OF. <span class='it'>surcuiderie</span>, arrogance; cp. <span class='it'>cuider</span>, -<span class='it'>quider</span> (Ch. Rol.), L. <span class='it'>cogitare</span>, to think.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='surreined'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surreined,</span></span> overridden, that has felt the ‘rein’ too much. Hen. V, -iii. 5. 19. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sooreyn'>sooreyn</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>surround,</span></span> to overflow; ‘Surround, or overflow, <span class='it'>oultre couler</span>’, Sherwood, -so also Cotgrave; ‘By thencrease of waters dyvers londes . . . ben surrounded -and destroyed’, Statutes, 4 Hen. VII, c. 7 (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1489). OF. <span class='it'>soronder</span>, -to overflow, see Burguy and Roquefort, Norm. F. <span class='it'>surunder</span>, <span class='it'>soronder</span> (Moisy); -Med. L. <span class='it'>superundare</span> ‘abonder’ (Ducange). See Notes on Eng. Etym.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sursurrara,</span></span> a writ of <span class='it'>certiorari</span>. Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4 (Tangle). -See Stanford (s.v. Certiorari), Nares (s.v. Sasarara), and EDD. (s.v. -Siserary).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suscitate,</span></span> to stir up, Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 26, § 4; <span class='it'>suscitability</span>, -aptness to move, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). L. <span class='it'>suscitare</span>, to arouse.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suspect,</span></span> suspicion. Comedy of Errors, iii. 1. 87; Rich. III, i. 3. 89; -B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 4. Very common in authors of this period. -Med. L. <span class='it'>suspectus</span>, ‘suspicio’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>sospet</span>, ‘soupçon’ -(Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>suspire,</span></span> to draw a breath; used of a new-born child, King John, iii. 4. -80; used of a dying man, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 5. 32; a deep breath, a sigh, -Massinger, Old Law, v. 1 (Cleanthes); Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), -in Wks., iii. 249. L. <span class='it'>suspirare</span>, to draw a deep breath.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swad,</span></span> a clown, a rustic. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts); Lyly, -Midas, iv. 3 (Petulus). A north-country word for a stupid fellow, see -EDD. (s.v. Swad, sb.<sup>3</sup>). Prob. identical with <span class='it'>swad</span>, a sod, a clod, see EDD. -(s.v. Sward, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swaddle,</span></span> to beat, cudgel. Fletcher, Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick); Butler, -Hud. i. 1. 24; Cotgrave (s.v. Chaperon); ‘To swaddle or cudgel, <span class='it'>bastonner</span>’, -Sherwood. <span class='it'>To swaddle a person’s sides</span>, ‘to beat him soundly’, is a Kentish -phrase, Kennett, Par. Antiq. (ann. 1695). See EDD. (s.v. Swaddle, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). -See Halliwell, and Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swag,</span></span> to sway aside; ‘To swag on one side, <span class='it'>pencher tout d’un costé</span>’, -Sherwood; Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 1 (Harebrain). See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swage,</span></span> to ‘assuage’. Milton, Samson, 184; P. L. i. 556; Gascoigne, -Fruites of Warre, st. 120. In common prov. use in this sense (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>swagyn</span>, ‘mitigo’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swale,</span></span> a cool shade; ‘Trees which gave a pleasant swale’, Golding, -Metam. v. 336 (L. <span class='it'>umbra</span>); fol. 60, back (1603). An E. Anglian word, see -EDD. (s.v. Swale, sb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>swale</span>, ‘umbra, umbraculum’ (Prompt. -EETS. 444). Icel. <span class='it'>sval</span>, a cool breeze; Norw. dial. <span class='it'>svala</span> (Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sward,</span></span> the hard outer rind of bacon; ‘(He) liveth harde with baken -swarde’, Kendall, Flowers of Epigrammes (Nares); ‘The sward of bacon, -<span class='it'>la peau de lard ou d’un jambon</span>,’ Sherwood. In prov. use in various parts of -England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>sward</span> of flesh, ‘coriana’ (Prompt. EETS. 445). OE. -<span class='it'>sweard</span>, rind of bacon, cp. G. <span class='it'>schwarte</span>, skin, rind.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='swarth1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swarth,</span></span> a track, pathway; ‘There is a hardway, and at Binsey the -said way is called in one or two places <span class='it'>the king’s swarth</span> . . . the king’s way’, -Hearne, Reliquiae, Feb. 10 and 11, 1728; ‘The king’s swarth (formerly -called also Port street), beyond New Parks by Oxford, went over by a -bridge the river Charwell’, id., April 23, 1720. OE. <span class='it'>swaðu</span>, a track. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#swath'>swath</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swarth,</span></span> in Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 162, ‘By great swarths’, apparently ‘in -great quantities’. In Cheshire they speak of a heavy hay-crop being -‘a good swarth’, see EDD. (s.v. Swarth, sb.<sup>1</sup>). Probably the same word as -<span class='bold'><a href='#swath'>swath</a>,</span> q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swarth,</span></span> black, dark, swarthy. Titus And. ii. 3. 72; Two Noble Kinsmen, -iv. 2. 27; Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 343. A Kentish form (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swarty,</span></span> dark, ‘swarthy’. Fletcher, Bonduca, iii. 1 (Caratach); Titus -And. ii. 3. 72 (in the quarto editions). See Dict. (s.v. Swart).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swash,</span></span> to strike violently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 53, 125. In -prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swash,</span></span> a swaggering bully. Three Ladies of London (Fraud), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 254; Britannia Triumphans, 1637 (Nares). Also <span class='it'>swasher</span>, -Hen. V, iii. 2. 30; <span class='it'>swashing</span>, blustering, As You Like It, i. 3. 122; tremendous, -crushing, Romeo, i. 1. 70. In prov. use ‘to swash’ means to swagger, -to walk with a boastful air; ‘a swasher’ is a swaggerer, see EDD. -(s.v. Swash, 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swash-buckler,</span></span> one who ‘swashes’ or beats his buckler, Beaumont -and Fl., Bloody Brother, v. 2 (Latorch); Faithful Friends, i. 2. 7; ‘<span class='it'>Mangia-ferro</span>, -<span class='it'>Mangia-cadenacci</span>, a devourer of iron-bolts, a swash-buckler, a -bragging toss-blade, a swaggerer’, Florio; ‘<span class='it'>Bravache</span>, swaggerer, swash-buckler’, -Cotgrave. See Halliwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swash-ruter,</span></span> a swaggaring soldier, a swaggerer. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, i. 544. See <span class='bold'><a href='#rutter'>rutter</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='swath'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swath,</span></span> a row of grass mown; ‘The Greeks fall down before him like -the mower’s swath’, Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 25; ‘Grass lately in swaths is meat -for an ox’, Tusser, Husbandry. In prov. use in various parts of England -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>swath</span> of mowing, ‘falcidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 445); <span class='it'>swathe</span>, -‘orbita falcatoris’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. <span class='it'>swæð</span>, a track, the track of a plough, -‘somita’ (B. T.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#swarth1'>swarth</a></span> (a track).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swathling-clothes,</span></span> swaddling-clothes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 112 -(Q. edd.). ME. <span class='it'>swathlen</span>, to swaddle; <span class='it'>swaþeling-bonde</span>, a swaddling-band -(Cursor Mundi, 1343). See Dict. (s.v. Swaddle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swatley.</span></span> ‘Ay mun cut off the lugs and naes [ears and nose] on ’em -[of him]; he’ll be a pretty swatley fellow, bawt [without] lugs and naes’, -Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii (Scapin, in a Lancs. dialect). Meaning unexplained.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sweam'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sweam,</span></span> faintness, attack of dizziness; ‘The slothfull sweames of sluggardye’, -Mirror for Mag., Iago, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘Sweam or swaim, <span class='it'>subita -aegrotatio</span>’, Gouldman. ‘Sweem’ is a Somerset word for a state of giddiness -or faintness, see EDD. (s.v. Swim, sb.<sup>2</sup>). Cognate with OE. <span class='it'>swīma</span>, -dizziness, giddiness (B. T.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sweme'>sweme</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sweet-breasted,</span></span> sweet-voiced, having a sweet voice. Beaumont and -Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swelt,</span></span> to faint, swoon; ‘In weary woes to swelt’, Gascoigne (Nares); -<span class='it'>swelt</span>, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 9; vi. 12. 21. Still in use in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Swelt, vb.<sup>1</sup> 2). ME. <span class='it'>swelten</span>, to faint, languish -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1356); to die (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. 347). OE. <span class='it'>sweltan</span>, -to die.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swelter,</span></span> to exude; ‘Toad . . . that has . . . swelter’d venom’, Macbeth, -iv. 1. 8. In prov. use in the sense of a profuse perspiration, see -EDD. (s.v. Swelter, 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swelth,</span></span> a whirlpool; ‘A deadly gulfe . . . With foule black swelth’, -Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 31; ‘Rude Acheron . . . with swelth as -black as hell’, id., 69, see Nares. ME. <span class='it'>swelth</span> of a water, ‘vorago’ (Prompt. -EETS. 445, see note, no. 2179).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='sweme'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sweme,</span></span> grief; ‘His hert began to melt For veray sweme of this -swemeful tale’, Lydgate (Halliwell). ME. <span class='it'>sweem</span>, grief (Prompt., Harl. -MS.); <span class='it'>swem</span> (Gen. and Ex. 1961). Cp. OE. <span class='it'>ā-swǣman</span>, to be grieved, -‘tabescere’ (Ps. cxviii. 158 (Lambeth)). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sweam'>sweam</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sweven,</span></span> a dream. Morte Arthur, leaf 27. 1; bk. i, c. 13; Ordinary, -Old Play, x. 236 (Nares). ME. <span class='it'>sweven</span> (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 28). OE. <span class='it'>swefn</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swill-bowl,</span></span> a heavy drinker; spelt <span class='it'>swiel bolle</span>. Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Cicero, § 65.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swinge,</span></span> to beat, thrash, lash, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, -iv. 5 (Valentine); Two Gent. ii. 1. 91; King John, ii. 1. 288; 2 Hen. IV, -v. 4. 21; to lash, as with a long tail, Milton, Nativ. 172; sway, tyranny, -Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 26. In prov. use in Scotland and England -in the sense of to beat, thrash (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>swyngyn</span>, also, <span class='it'>swengyn</span>, to -shake (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>swengan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swinge,</span></span> to singe. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 26. In common prov. use in -Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swinge-buckler,</span></span> a swash-buckler. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 24.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='swink'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swink,</span></span> to toil, labour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 8, 36, 58 <span class='it'>swinkt</span>, pp., -wearied with toil, ‘The swinkt hedger’, Milton, Comus, 293; labour, -toil, ‘How great sport they gaynen with little swincke’, Spenser, Shep. -Kal., May, 36; Sidney, Arcadia, p. 398 (Nares). ‘To swink’, to toil, work -hard, is in use in Galloway, ‘Lord, but he swankit it that day!’ (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>swinken</span>, to toil, <span class='it'>swink</span>, toil (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>swincan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swithe,</span></span> quickly. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, ii. 47 (Nares); <span class='it'>swithe -and tite</span>, quickly and at once, id., i. 4. 13. In common use in Scotland, -see EDD. (s.v. Swith). ME. <span class='it'>swythe</span>, quickly, immediately (Chaucer, C. T. -<span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 796, and <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 637). OE. <span class='it'>swīðe</span>, strongly. See <span class='bold'><a href='#tit'>tit</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Switzer,</span></span> one of a Swiss mercenary guard. Webster, White Devil -(Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 12; Hamlet, iv. 5. 97; <span class='it'>Switzers</span>, inhabitants of -Switzerland, Bacon, Essay 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swoop,</span></span> a sweeping movement, rush. Macbeth, iv. 3. 219; Webster, -White Devil (beginning); ed. Dyce, p. 5. <span class='it'>Swoopstake</span> (old edd. <span class='it'>soopstake</span>), -drawing the whole stake at once, indiscriminately, Hamlet, iv. 5. 141.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swough,</span></span> a heavy murmuring sound. Morte Arthur, leaf 83. 20; -bk. v, c. 4. Cp. the prov. words, ‘swow’ and ‘sough’ in EDD. ME. -<span class='it'>swowyn</span>, to make a murmuring sound (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>swōgan</span>, to make -a noise like the wind.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>swound,</span></span> to ‘swoon’. Fletcher, Night-Walker, i. 4. 8; Middleton, -Mayor of Queenb. v. 1 (Oliver); a swoon, Dryden, Palamon, i. 537; iii. 982. -In gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sowne2'>sowne</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>syke,</span></span> such. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A north-country -form, see EDD. (s.v. Such). ME. <span class='it'>sike</span> (Wars Alex. 126) OE. <span class='it'>swilc</span> (<span class='it'>swylc</span>). -See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Swyche).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='symarr'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>symarr,</span></span> a loose robe for a lady: Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 341. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#cymar'>cymar</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>synnet;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#sennet'>sennet</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>synteresis,</span></span> a word said to have been invented by John Damascene, -and used by Aquinas and the schoolmen in the sense of ‘observation’ -of the laws of right and wrong as exercised by the conscience, self-reproach. -Nabbes, Microcosmus, v (Conscience); Manchester Al Mondo -(ed. 1902, 39). Gk. συντήρησις, observation, fr. συντηρέω, to observe strictly -(a N. T. word, cp. Mark vi. 20). See C. Bigg’s Introd. to Imitatio Christi, -p. 2 on the L. <span class='it'>sinderesis</span>, iv. 11 (Magd. MS.). The word <span class='it'>sindérèse</span> is used by -French theological writers, Bossuet for example.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>sypers,</span></span> a thin textile material, J. Heywood, The Four P’s (Anc. Brit. -Drama, p. 10). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cypress'>cypress</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>syse,</span></span> an allowance or settled ration; <span class='it'>to keepe the syse</span>, to exercise moderation, -Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 10. See Dict. (s.v. Size, 1).</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='T'>T</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>T</span></span> for <span class='it'>to</span>, freq. profixed to verbs; as in <span class='it'>tabandon</span>, to abandon, <span class='it'>tescape</span>, to -escape; so in Chaucer, <span class='it'>tabyde</span>, <span class='it'>tacoye</span>, <span class='it'>tamende</span>, &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tabid,</span></span> liable to waste away. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 19; -<span class='it'>tabidly inclined</span>, id., § 4. L. <span class='it'>tabidus</span>, wasting away.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tabine,</span></span> ‘tabby’, a stuff orig. striped, later waved or watered. Middleton, -Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 6. Ital. <span class='it'>tabino</span>, ‘tabine’ (Florio). See NED. -(s.v. Tabby).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>table,</span></span> the tablet or panel on which a picture is painted; ‘I beheld -myself drawn in the flattering table of her eye’, King John, ii. 504; ‘To -sit and draw his arched brows . . . in our heart’s table’, All’s Well, i. 1. -106; a picture, ‘The figure of a hangman In a table of the Passion’, -Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2. 5; Sir T. Elyot, Governour -(ed. Croft, ii. 422). L. <span class='it'>tabula</span>, a painted tablet or panel of a picture.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>table,</span></span> a writing-tablet. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Hab. ii. 2; Luke i. 63; 2 Cor. iii. 3; -<span class='it'>tables</span>, a set of tablets, a note-book, Hamlet, i. 5. 107; also, <span class='it'>table-book</span>, id., -ii. 2. 136; hence, <span class='it'>tabled</span>, noted, set down, Cymbeline, i. 4. 6. ME. <span class='it'>table</span>: -‘a peyre of tables all of yvory’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1741). L. <span class='it'>tabula</span>, a writing-tablet.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tables,</span></span> the ordinary name for backgammon, L. L. L. v. 2. 326. See -Nares. ME. <span class='it'>tables</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 900), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>juer as tables</span> (Ch. Rol. -l. 111).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tabourine,</span></span> a small drum. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 275. F. <span class='it'>tabourin</span> (Dict. -de l’Acad., 1694), see Hatzfeld (s.v. Tambourin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tabride,</span></span> a ‘tabard’; a surcoat worn over armour and emblazoned -with armorial bearings. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 27. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tache,</span></span> a fault or vice. Warner, Alb. England, xiii. 77. 318 (NED.); -to find fault with, id., bk. x, ch. 58. ME. <span class='it'>tache</span> (<span class='it'>tacche</span>), a stain, blemish, -fault (P. Plowman, B. ix. 146). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>tache</span>, a stain, blemish (Gower, -Mirour, 1231).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tack,</span></span> that which fastens. Phr. <span class='it'>to hold tack with</span>, to hold one’s ground -with; to be even with; ‘A thousande pounde with Lyberte may holde -no tacke’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2084; to be a match for, to hold at bay, -Drayton, Pol. xi. 48; <span class='it'>to hold tack</span>, to hold out, to endure, Butler, Hud. -i. 3. 277.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tack,</span></span> a smack, taste or flavour which lasts, holds out. Drayton, Pol. -xix. 130; ‘<span class='it'>Le poisson pique</span>, begins to have a tacke or ill taste’, Cotgrave. -The same word as above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tackle,</span></span> a mistress, a trull (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 -(Belfond Senior).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tag,</span></span> a rabble, mob. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 248; <span class='it'>tag-rag people</span>, the mob, -Julius C. i. 2. 260; ‘<span class='it'>Tagge and ragge</span>, cutte and longe tayle’ (i.e. a mixed -mob), Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 45.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taillee,</span></span> to ‘tally’, to keep account, at the game of basset. Farquhar, -Sir H. Wildair, i. 1 (Parly); ‘You used to taillee with success’, id., ii. 2 -(Lurewell).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taint,</span></span> a successful hit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 374; vii. 222. -ME. <span class='it'>taynte</span>, a ‘hit’ in tilting (NED., s.v. Taint, sb. 1). Short for <span class='it'>attaint</span>, -F. ‘<span class='it'>attainte</span>, a reach, hit, home touch’ (Cotgr.), OF. <span class='it'>atainte</span> (<span class='it'>ateinte</span>), deriv. -of <span class='it'>ataindre</span>, to attain unto, to touch.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taint,</span></span> to ‘hit’ in tilting. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. ii. 1 -(Carlo); Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 3 (near end); Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, -i. 3; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 259.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taint,</span></span> to ‘tent’, to search a wound. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 65, 314.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tainture,</span></span> an imputation of dishonour. Fletcher, Thierry, i. 1. 1; -Sandys, tr. of Ovid’s Metam. i. 20. See NED. (s.v. Attainture).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>take me with you,</span></span> let me understand you clearly, i.e. do not go -faster than I can follow you; be explicit; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 506. <span class='it'>Take us -with you</span>, understand us clearly, A Cure for a Cuckold (near the end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>take order,</span></span> to take measures, to make arrangements. North, tr. of -Plutarch, Julius Caes., § 9 (in Shak. Plut., p. 52); Octavius, § 8 (p. 246); -Bacon, Essay 36; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, 2 Macc. iv. 27.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>take up,</span></span> to check oneself, stop short. Pepys, Diary, Nov. 13, 1661; -Massinger, Picture, v. 3 (Mathias); to settle, arrange amicably a quarrel, -As You Like It, v. 4. 104; to take up one’s quarters, B. Jonson, Staple of -News, iv. 2; Pepys, Diary, Oct. 14, 1662.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taken with the maner;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#maner'>maner</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taking,</span></span> a disturbed state of mind, state of agitation. Merry Wives, -iii. 3. 191; also, malignant influence, King Lear, iii. 4. 61. Very common -in prov. use in the sense of a state of agitation. See EDD. (s.v. Taking, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taking,</span></span> infectious. King Lear, ii. 4. 166; Fletcher, The False One, -iv. 3 (Septimius). Still in use in Cumberland in this sense, ‘It’s a varra -takkan disease’, see EDD. (s.v. Taking, 1 (2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tale,</span></span> a specified number, that which is counted. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Exod. v. 8. 18; -1 Sam. xviii. 27; 1 Chron. ix. 28; ‘Every shepherd tells his tale’ (i.e. -counts his sheep), Milton, L’Allegro, 67 (but meaning in this passage -disputed).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>talent,</span></span> the talon of a bird of prey. For <span class='it'>talon</span>. L. L. L. iv. 2. 65; Two -Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 44; ‘Talant of an hauk’, Levins, Manip. Hence -<span class='it'>talenter</span>, a bird of prey with talons, as a hawk, Middleton and Rowley, -World Tost at Tennis (Denmark House).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tall,</span></span> valiant, brave. Ant. and Cl. ii. 6. 7; often used ironically, as in -Merry Wives, ii. 2. 11; &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tallage,</span></span> a tax, impost, levy, rate, toll; ‘Tallages and taxations’, North, -tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 12 (in Shak. Plut., p. 171). Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>tallage</span>, ‘taille, taxe’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Tally).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tallow-catch,</span></span> 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 256 (so Quartos and Folios). The -form and meaning doubtful. Supposed by some to = <span class='it'>tallow-ketch</span>, i.e. a tub -filled with tallow; by others = <span class='it'>tallow keech</span>, a round lump of fat. See <span class='bold'><a href='#keech'>keech</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>talwood,</span></span> wood cut into billets for burning; firewood. Skelton, Why -Come ye nat to Courte, 79; Tasser, Husbandry, § 53. 12. A Sussex word -(EDD.). A rendering of OF. <span class='it'>bois de tail</span>, ‘bois en coupe’ (Godefroy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tamin,</span></span> a kind of thin woollen stuff; ‘In an old tamin gown’, Massinger, -New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Overreach). F. <span class='it'>étamine</span>, stamin; ‘<span class='it'>estamine</span>, -the stuff Tamine’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tancrete,</span></span> transcribed, copied. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, -417. OF. <span class='it'>tanscrit</span>, for <span class='it'>transcrit</span>, transcribed (Godefroy, s.v. <span class='it'>transcrit</span>), L. -<span class='it'>transcriptum</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tanling,</span></span> one that is tanned by the heat of the sun. Cymbeline, -iv. 4. 29.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tannikin, tannakin, tanakin,</span></span> a dimin. pet-form of the name -Anna, used especially for a German or Dutch girl. Marston, Dutch -Courtezan, i. 1 (Freevil); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Eyre).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tanti,</span></span> so much for (you); an exclamation of depreciation and contempt. -Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1. 22; Fuimus Troes, iii. 7 (Eulinus). L. -<span class='it'>tanti</span>, of so much value.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Tantony,</span></span> for <span class='it'>St. Anthony</span>; often with reference to the attributes with -which the saint was accompanied; as a crutch, a pouch, or a pig; ‘His -tantonie pouch’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Riscio); ‘Like a tantony pig’, -Bickerstaff, Love in a Village, i. 5. 3. See EDD. (s.v. Saint Anthony).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tapet,</span></span> a cloth on which tapestry is worked. Spenser, Muiopotmos, -276; <span class='it'>tapets</span>, pl. tapestries; met. foliage of trees, Mirror for Mag., Induction, -st. 1. OE. <span class='it'>tæppet</span>, Late L. <span class='it'>tapetum</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tappish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tappish,</span></span> to lurk, lie, hid. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxii. 158; <span class='it'>tappis</span>, -Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Tillyvally); <span class='it'>tappes’d</span>, hidden, Shadwell, Squire of -Alsatia, v. 1 (Cheatly). F. <span class='it'>tapir</span>, to hide; <span class='it'>se tapir</span>, to crouch, lie close, -lurk (Cotgr.); pres. part, <span class='it'>tapissant</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#untappice'>untappice</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taratantara,</span></span> the blast of a trumpet; ‘Christ . . . in the clowdes of -heaven with his Taratantara sounding’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. -Furnivall, 24); ‘The noise of tarantara’s clang’, Grimald, Death of -Zoroas, 2. Onomatopoetic, cp. L. <span class='it'>taratantara</span> (Ennius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>targe,</span></span> shield. Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 57; Milton, P. L. ix. 1111. -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>targe</span>, a buckler (Ch. Rol. 3569).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>target,</span></span> a light round buckler. Hall, Chron. Henry VIII, 2; North, -tr. of Plutarch, Julius Caesar, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., 54). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarmagon,</span></span> a termagant, a virago, vixen. Lady Alimony, i. 4. 1. See -Dict. (s.v. Termagant).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarpawlin,</span></span> a sailor, jack-tar. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin). -The same as <span class='it'>tarpaulin</span>, a tarred canvas covering. See Trench, Select -Glossary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarras, tarrass,</span></span> a terrace. Bacon, Essay 45, § 5; Chapman, May-day, -Act v (Lodovico). Hence, <span class='it'>tarrest</span>, terraced, provided with terraces; Heywood, -London’s Jus Honorarium; Works, iv. 276.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarre on,</span></span> to set on a dog, to incite him to bite, King John, iv. 1. 117; -Hamlet, ii. 2. 370; ‘To tarr on’, meaning to excite to anger, is in common -use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>terre</span>, to provoke: ‘Nyle ye terre youre -sones to wraththe’ (Wyclif, Eph. vi. 4). OE. <span class='it'>tergan</span>, to vex, see B. T. (s.v. -Tirgan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tarsell,</span></span> a tercel, male hawk. Skelton, Philip Sparowe, 558. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#tassel'>tassel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Tartarian,</span></span> a Tartar; a cant word for a thief. Merry Devil, i. 1. 13; -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='task'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>task,</span></span> to tax. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 92. Norm. F. <span class='it'>tasque</span>, taxe, règlement -imposé par l’autorité pour le prix de certaines marchandises (Moisy), -Med. L. <span class='it'>tasca</span> (Ducange), L. <span class='it'>taxare</span>, to rate, estimate the value of a thing.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tassaker,</span></span> a cup or goblet; ‘This Dutch tassaker’, Heywood, Rape of -Lucrece, iii. 3 (Valerius). Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tassel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tassel,</span></span> the male of any kind of hawk; ‘<span class='it'>Tiercelet</span>, the Tassel, so termed -because he is commonly a third part less than the female’, Cotgrave; -<span class='it'>tassel-gentle</span>, the male of the falcon, Romeo, ii. 2. 160; <span class='it'>tassel gent</span>, Spenser, -F. Q. iii. 4. 49; <span class='it'>tiercel gentle</span>, Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#tercel'>tercel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taste,</span></span> to put to the proof, try, prove to be, Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 267; to -try the use of, to use (in affected speech), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 87; to experience, -to feel, Tempest, v. 1. 123.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tat, tatt,</span></span> a false die; <span class='it'>tatts</span>, pl. false dice (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of -Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). <span class='it'>Tatmonger</span>, a sharper who uses false dice (in the -same scene).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tatler,</span></span> for <span class='it'>tattler</span>, a slang term for a repeater, or a striking watch; -because it <span class='it'>tattles</span> or utters sounds. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 -(Belfond Senior).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tatterdemallion, tatterdimallian,</span></span> a man in tattered clothing; -a ragged fellow. Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon); Howell, -Foreign Travell, sect. vi, p. 37. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taumpin,</span></span> a ‘tampion’, a plug. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 642; ‘Tampyon -for a gon, <span class='it'>tampon</span>’, Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Tampion).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taunt pour taunte,</span></span> tit for tat. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 68. -F. <span class='it'>tant pour tant</span>, one for another (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Taunt).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Taurus:</span></span> ‘Taurus? that’s sides and heart. No, sir, it is legs and -thighs’, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 147. In astrology, the signs of the zodiac -were severally supposed to govern various parts of the body; and Taurus -governed the neck and throat; hence, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby were -both wrong (intentionally so); see Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, -ii. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tavell,</span></span> the bobbin on which silk is wound for use in the shuttle. -Skelton, Garland of Laurell, 791; Against Comely Coystrowne, 34. -Cp. mod. F. <span class='it'>tavelle</span>, the bobbin on which the silk is wound off the cocoons; -see NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taw,</span></span> to beat, thrash, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula); <span class='it'>tawed</span>, -treated like hides in making them into leather, ‘Greedy care . . . With -tawed handes, and hard ytanned skyn’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, -st. 39. See Nares and Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>taw,</span></span> to draw along. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, l. 14 -from end. See Nares (s.v. Tawe).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tawdry,</span></span> pl. <span class='it'>tawdries</span>, defined as ‘a kind of necklace worn by country -wenches’; Drayton, Pol. ii. 46; iv. 50. <span class='it'>Tawdry-lace</span>, St. Awdry’s lace, -i.e. lace bought at St. Awdry’s fair at Ely, Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, -iv. 1 (Amarillis). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tax,</span></span> to take to task, criticize, censure, reprove. Rowley, All’s Lost, -v. 5. 74; Hamlet, i. 4. 18; also, to task, Much Ado, ii. 3. 46. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#task'>task</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teade,</span></span> a torch. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 37; id., Muiopotmos, 293; -Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 424. L. <span class='it'>taeda</span>, a torch.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teemed,</span></span> arranged in a ‘team’; said of horses. Spenser, Virgil’s -Gnat, 314.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='teen1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teen,</span></span> harm, injury, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 18; vexation, annoyance, -id., ii. 1. 15; grief, id., ii. 1. 21; ii. 1. 58. In prov. use in the -north country in the sense of anger, vexation, in Scotland also in the -sense of sorrow, grief. ME. <span class='it'>tene</span>, vexation, grief (Chaucer). See Dict. -M. and S. OE. <span class='it'>tēona</span>, damage, harm, insult, calumny.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teen,</span></span> keen; ‘The teenest Rasor’, Lyly, Euphues, pp. 34, 249. Not -found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='teend'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teend,</span></span> to kindle a fire. Herrick, Hesp., Candlemas Day, id., Ceremonies -for Christmas, st. 2. A Lancashire pronunciation, see EDD. -(s.v. Tend, vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>teend</span> (Wyclif, Isaiah l. 11); OE. <span class='it'>tendan</span>, in compounds, -as <span class='it'>ontendan</span> (Exod. xxii. 6). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tind'>tind</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tegge,</span></span> a female deer in the second year; ‘Tegge, or pricket, <span class='it'>saillant</span>’, -Palsgrave; Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 193. Skelton has -<span class='it'>tegges</span>, women (used in contempt), Elynour Rummyng, l. 131. ‘Teg’ is -in gen. prov. use in the midland and southern counties in the sense of -a yearling sheep before it is shorn (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='teil-tree'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teil-tree,</span></span> a lime-tree or linden. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Isaiah vi. 13; <span class='it'>teyle</span>, Golding, -Metam. viii. 620; fol. 102, back (1603). OF. <span class='it'>teil</span>; L. <span class='it'>tilia</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teint,</span></span> tint, colour. Dryden, To Sir G. Kneller, 178. F. <span class='it'>teint</span>, colour, -complexion.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teld,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, told. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 44. In common use in Yorkshire, -see EDD. (s.v. Tell, 2). ME. <span class='it'>telde</span>, told; ‘And thei . . . telden alle these -thingis’ (Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 9). OE. <span class='it'>tealde</span>, also <span class='it'>telede</span> (Leechdoms); -see B. T. (s.v. Tellan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>temper,</span></span> to govern, rule, control. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1294. -L. <span class='it'>temperare</span>, to regulate, control. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tempt,</span></span> to try, essay. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 496; Milton, -P. L. ii. 404. In prov. use (EDD.). L. <span class='it'>temptare</span> (gen. written <span class='it'>tentare</span>), to -attempt, essay.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ten bones,</span></span> the ten fingers. 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 193; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, i. 3 (Petruchio); ‘I swear by these ten’ (i.e. ten bones), B. Jonson, -Masque of M. Gipsies (3 Gipsy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tender,</span></span> to treat with kindness, to take care of. Two Gent. iv. 4. 145; -Taming Shrew, Induction, i. 16; Hamlet, i. 3. 107; regard, care, King -Lear, i. 4. 230. See Schmidt.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tenent,</span></span> a tenet, an opinion; ‘There are other assertions and common -Tenents drawn from Scripture’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. i. 22; Earle, -Microcosm., § 11 (ed. Arber, 34). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teniente,</span></span> a lieutenant. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). -Span. <span class='it'>teniente de una compañia</span>, lieutenant of a company (Neuman); <span class='it'>lugarteniente</span>, -lieutenant (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tent,</span></span> to apply a ‘tent’, or plug of linen, to a wound. Webster, White -Devil (Flamineo); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Colax). ME. -<span class='it'>tent</span> of a wound (Prompt. EETS. 476). F. <span class='it'>tente</span> (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. -Tent, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tercel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tercel,</span></span> the male of any kind of hawk. Bk. St. Albans (NED.); <span class='it'>tiercel</span>, -Phillips, Dict., 1706. ME. <span class='it'>tercel</span> (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 405 (v.rr. <span class='it'>tersel</span>, -<span class='it'>tarsell</span>); <span class='it'>tarcel</span>, ‘tardarius’ (Voc. 615. 24). OF. <span class='it'>tercel</span> (Godefroy), O. Prov. -<span class='it'>tersol</span> (Levy), Span. <span class='it'>terzuelo</span>, Ital. <span class='it'>terzuolo</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>tertiolus</span> (Ducange), F. <span class='it'>tiercelet</span> -(dimin.), ‘a tassel’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tassel'>tassel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>terlerie-whiskie,</span></span> a twirling about; a phrase of little meaning, in -the refrain of a song. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. iii -(Merrythought). See NED. (s.v. Terlerie).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>termer</span></span> (applied to both sexes), one who resorts to London in term-time -only, for the sake of gain or for intrigue; a frequenter of the law-courts. -Middleton, Roaring Girl (Preface); id., The Witch, i. 1 (Gasparo); -Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, i. 1 (Oldcraft).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>termless,</span></span> unlimited, infinite, Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 75; -incapable of being expressed by terms, inexpressible, indescribable, -Lover’s Complaint, 94.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>terre,</span></span> to throw upon the ground; ‘He terr’d his glove’, Warner, Alb. -England, bk. iii, ch. 16, st. 44. A nonce-word.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>terrial.</span></span> ‘The terrials of her legs were stained with blood’ (said of -a hawk), Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Francis). Perhaps an error -for <span class='it'>terret</span>, one of the two rings by which the leash is attached to the jesses -of a hawk (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tertia,</span></span> a regiment of infantry. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1. 6; Dryden, -Conq. of Granada, II. i. 1 (K. Ferdinand). Span. <span class='it'>tercio</span>, a regiment, a -third part (Stevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>testate,</span></span> a witness. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., v (Generous); -vol. iv, p. 251; Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 422.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>testy,</span></span> witness; ‘Gives testies of their Maisters amorous hart’, Faire Em, -ii. 1. 100. Cp. L. <span class='it'>teste</span>, the word which began the last clause of a writ, and -signifying ‘witness’; being the abl. of L. <span class='it'>testis</span>, a witness. See NED. (s.v. -Teste, sb.<sup>2</sup> 2 c).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tetchy, teachy,</span></span> quick to take offence, short-tempered, testy. Spelt -<span class='it'>teachy</span>, Earle, Microcosm., § 34 (ed. Arber, 56); <span class='it'>teachie</span>, Romeo, i. 3. 32 -(1592). See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tetragrammaton,</span></span> the Greek name of the Hebrew ‘four-lettered’ -word, written <span class='gesp'>YHWH</span>, vocalized <span class='gesp'>YaHWeH</span> by modern scholars; -in the <span class='sc'>Bible</span> written <span class='sc'>Jehovah</span> (Exod. vi. 3), but gen. rendered by ‘the -<span class='sc'>Lord</span>’; ‘Our English tongue as well as the Hebrew hath a Tetragrammaton, -whereby God may be named; to wit, Good’, Wither, Lord’s Prayer, -17 (NED.); Greene, Friar Bacon, iv. 3. Gk. τετραγράμματον (Philo, 2. 152).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tettish, teatish,</span></span> peevish, fretful. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without -Money, v. 2 (Valentine); Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Bianca).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tew,</span></span> a set of fishing-nets, nets. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 29, -st. 27; spelt <span class='it'>tewgh</span>, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, i. 3 (NED.). ME. <span class='it'>tewe</span>, -fishing tackle (Prompt. EETS. 477), OE. (<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>tǣwe</span>, <span class='it'>getāwe</span>, tackle, equipment.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tew2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tew,</span></span> to convert hide into leather; ‘I tewe leather, <span class='it'>je souple</span>’, Palsgrave; -to prepare for some purpose, ‘The toiling fisher here is tewing of his net’, -Drayton, Pol. xxv. 139; to beat, thrash, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 2 -(Clause); <span class='it'>to tew hemp</span>, Ray’s Country Words, <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1691. In prov. use for -dressing leather and beating hemp, see EDD. (s.v. Tew, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 and 2). -ME. <span class='it'>tewyn lethyr</span>, ‘frunio, corrodio’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tewly,</span></span> scarlet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 798. Silk of this colour is -often referred to by earlier writers, as in Richard Coer de Lion, 67, 1516, -Syr Gawayne, Beves of Hamtoun (Halliwell, s.v. Tuly); <span class='it'>tuly</span>, colowre, -‘puniceus’ (Prompt. EETS. 494). OF. <span class='it'>tieulé</span>, of the colour of a tile, i.e. red -(Godefroy), deriv. of <span class='it'>tieule</span> (F. <span class='it'>tuile</span>), a tile, L. <span class='it'>tegula</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teyle;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#teil-tree'>teil-tree</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>teyned.</span></span> ‘In shape of teyned gold’, Golding, Metam. v. 11. ME. -<span class='it'>teyne</span>, a slender rod of metal (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1225, 1229, 1240). Icel. -<span class='it'>teinn</span>, rod, <span class='it'>gull-teinn</span>, a rod of gold.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>than,</span></span> then. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 38 (Common).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tharborough,</span></span> a form of <span class='bold'><a href='#thirdborough'>thirdborough</a>,</span> q.v. L. L. L. i. 1. 185.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thatch’d head,</span></span> a term of abuse for an Irishman; one with thick -matted hair. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thee,</span></span> to thrive, prosper. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 8; Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 1. 33; ii. 11. 17. ME. <span class='it'>thee</span> (Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>þēon</span>. See Dict. M. and S. -(s.v. Theen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thembatel,</span></span> for <span class='it'>the embatel</span>, the battlement; ‘Griped for hold thembatel -of the wall’, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 581. Not found elsewhere.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>therm, tharm,</span></span> an intestine. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 100). -Still in use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tharm). OE. (Anglian) -<span class='it'>þarm</span>, a bowel.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thewes,</span></span> good qualities or habits. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 3; i. 10. 4; ii. 1. -33; ii. 10. 59; Heywood, Britain’s Troy, i. 61 (Nares). Hence <span class='it'>thewed</span>, -having qualities of a certain kind, F. Q. ii. 6. 26. OE. <span class='it'>þēaw</span>, usage, custom, -habit.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thewes,</span></span> the bodily powers of a man, in Shaks. the bodily proportions -as indicating physical strength, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 276; Jul. Caes. i. 3. 81; -Hamlet, i. 3. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thick,</span></span> a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 39; ii. 3. 21; Shep. Kal., March, -73; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, v. 5 (Cloe; near the end). In Suffolk -groves and woods with close underwood are called ‘thicks’, see EDD. -(s.v. Thick, 14).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='thiller'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thiller,</span></span> the shaft-horse in a team. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4. In -gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south of England, see EDD. Deriv. of -ME. <span class='it'>thylle</span> of a cart, ‘temo’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thill-horse,</span></span> the shaft-horse; ‘The Thill-horse in Charles’s Wain’, -Derham (NED.). In common use in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Thill, sb.<sup>1</sup> 2 4). See <span class='bold'><a href='#fill'>fill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='thirdborough'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thirdborough,</span></span> the petty constable of a township or manor. L. L. L. -i. 1. 185; cp. Taming Shrew, Induct, i. 12; B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, -i. 1 (Hugh). Probably a corruption of an earlier <span class='it'>frithborh</span>; OE. <span class='it'>friðborh</span>, -peace-surety, frankpledge. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thirdendale:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>thirdendale gallant</span>, the third part of a gallant, -Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Scumbroath); Works, iii. 329. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#halfendeale'>halfendeale</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>this,</span></span> thus. Skelton, Death of Edw. IV, 38; Philip Sparowe, 366; -and often.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tho,</span></span> then. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; ii. 8. 47. ME. <span class='it'>tho</span>, then (Chaucer). -see M. and S.; OE. <span class='it'>þā</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thole,</span></span> the dome of a temple, within which votive offerings were suspended; -‘Let Altars smoake and Tholes expect our spoiles’, Fisher, True -Trojans, iii. 2 (Nennius). Gk. θόλος, a round building with a cupola; at -Athens, the Rotunda in which the Prytanes, the committee of 50, dined -at the public cost.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thorow-lights,</span></span> lights or windows on both sides of a room. Bacon, -Essay 45, § 3. From <span class='it'>thorow</span> = through.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrall,</span></span> <span class='it'>v.</span>, to enthral, enslave. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 29; vi. 11. 44.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>threap,</span></span> to rebuke; to maintain obstinately. Greene, James IV, Induction -(Bohan); <span class='it'>threpped</span>, pp., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 354. In gen. -prov. use in both senses in Scotland, Ireland, and in England, north -country and Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Threap, 5); ME. <span class='it'>threpe</span>, to assert -to be (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>þrēapian</span>, to rebuke, argue.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>threave,</span></span> a large number, a multitude, a swarm of insects; ‘Threaves -of busy flies’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 401 (in later ed. ‘swarms of flies’); -a bundle or handful tied up like a small sheaf, Chapman, Gent. Usher, -ii. 1 (Bassiolo). The word is used in many parts of Scotland and England -in the sense of a considerable number or quantity, see EDD. (s.v. Thrave, -sb. 3). Icel. <span class='it'>þrefi</span>, a number of sheaves.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>three-farthings.</span></span> King John, i. 143. Alluding to the very thin -three-farthing (silver) pieces of Qu. Elizabeth, which bore her profile, -with a rose at the back of her head.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>three-pile,</span></span> three-piled velvet. The richest kind of velvet was called -<span class='it'>three-pile</span> or <span class='it'>three-piled velvet</span>, presumably because it had a triple (or a very -close) pile or nap; Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 14. <span class='it'>Three-piled piece</span>, referring to -velvet, i. 2. 33. Metaphorically, <span class='it'>three-piled</span> = exaggerated, L. L. L. v. 2. 407; -cp. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. From <span class='it'>three</span> and <span class='it'>pile</span> (4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>threne,</span></span> a lament. Phoenix and Turtle, 49. Hence, <span class='it'>threning</span> (spelt -<span class='it'>threnning</span>); ‘What needs these threnning words and wasted wind?’, -Sir T. Wyatt, To his Love (Wks., ed. Bell, 198). Gk. θρῆνος, a funeral -lament.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='thrill1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrill,</span></span> to pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 32. Hence, <span class='it'>thrillant</span>, piercing. -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 46. ME. <span class='it'>thirte</span>, to pierce (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2709). OE. -<span class='it'>þyrlian</span>. See <span class='bold'><a href='#thrull'>thrull</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrill,</span></span> to hurl a weapon. Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (Virginius); Heywood, -Iron Age, Part I, 1632, sig. F (Dyce); Quarles, Sion’s Elegies, ii. 4.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='thring'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thring,</span></span> to press forward. Mirror for Mag., Caracalla, st. 1. Still in -use in the north country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>thringe</span>, to press, to force one’s way -(Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>þringan</span>, to press.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='thrist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrist,</span></span> thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 17. <span class='it'>Thristy</span>, thirsty, id., i. 5. 15. -In prov. use in the north country, also in Heref. and Shropshire (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>thrist</span>, thirst; <span class='it'>thriste</span>, to thirst (Wars Alex. 4683, 3848).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>throat-brisk,</span></span> (?) part of the brisket near the throat; spelt <span class='it'>throte-briske</span>, -Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 620. Cp. <span class='it'>throat-sweetbread</span> (also <span class='it'>neck-sweetbread</span>), -butcher’s name for the thymus gland, see NED. (s.v. Throat, 8 d).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>throng,</span></span> pressed closely together; ‘Hidden in straw throng’ (i.e. in -straw pressed closely together), B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 5 (The fourth -Motion). OE. <span class='it'>þrungen</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>þringan</span>, to press. See <span class='bold'><a href='#thring'>thring</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>throw,</span></span> a short space, a little while. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53. ME. -<span class='it'>throw</span>, a little while (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 2336). OE. <span class='it'>þrāge</span>, ‘for -a time’, <span class='it'>þrāh</span>, a space of time, a course, running. See M. and S. (s.v. -Throwe).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>throwster,</span></span> a twister of silk thread for a weaver. Middleton, World -Tost at Tennis (Scholar). In the north country ‘to throw’ is in common -use in the sense of to twist, see EDD. (s.v. Throw, 16). OE. <span class='it'>þrāwan</span>, -to twist.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='thrull'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrull,</span></span> to pierce. Morte Arthur, leaf 172. 28; bk. ix, c. 4. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#thrill1'>thrill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrum,</span></span> a weaving term: the waste end of a warp; <span class='it'>thrumm’d</span>, furnished -with tufts, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 319; untidily thatched, Middleton, -Mich. Term, i. 2. 6; <span class='it'>thrum-chinned</span>, with rough untidy chin, id., A Trick -to Catch, iv. 3. 7; ‘(A) plaine livery-three-pound-thrum’, B. Jonson, -Alchem. i. 1. 16 (applied jocularly to a person). ME. <span class='it'>thrumm</span> of a clothe, -‘filamen’ (Prompt.). Cp. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>trumm</span>, edge, brim (Aasen); Du. -‘<span class='it'>drom</span>, a thrum’ (Sewel); G. <span class='it'>trumm</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrum,</span></span> to beat, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (George). An old -Suffolk word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>thrust,</span></span> thirst; to thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 29; iii. 7. 50. OE. -<span class='it'>þurst</span>, thirst. See <span class='bold'><a href='#thrist'>thrist</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tial'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tial,</span></span> a bond, tie, obligation; ‘Nor to contract with such (a woman) -can be a Tial’, Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 1 (Mirabel). A Scotch -word (EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tyall'>tyall</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Tib-of-the-buttery,</span></span> a goose (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. -1 (Higgen). ‘Tib’ is a pet form of the Christian name Isabel; Tibbie was -once a favourite name with the peasants of the Lowlands. See NED.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ticket, on the,</span></span> on tick, like one who incurs an acknowledged debt. -Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tickle,</span></span> not to be depended upon; uncertain, unreliable, changeable. -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 5; vii. 8. 1; in unstable equilibrium, easily upset, -easily set in motion; in phr. <span class='it'>tickle of the sear</span> (<span class='it'>sere</span>), easily made to go off -(the ‘sear’ being a portion of a gun-lock), used <span class='it'>fig.</span> in Hamlet for yielding -easily to any impulse (ii. 2. 327). ME. <span class='it'>tikel</span>, unstable, uncertain (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3428).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tickle-footed,</span></span> uncertain, inconstant, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, v. 4 (Elder Loveless).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ticklish,</span></span> easily disturbed, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 2 (Arsace).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tick-tack,</span></span> a complicated kind of backgammon, played both with men -and pegs; for rules, see the Compleat Gamester. Meas. for M. i. 2. 196; -B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3 (Kiteley). Du. <span class='it'>tiktak</span>. tick-tack; -‘<span class='it'>tiktakbörd</span>, tick-tack-tables, backgammon tables’ (Sewel); cp. G. <span class='it'>tricktrack</span>, -backgammon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiddle,</span></span> to pet, to spoil; said of parents and children; ‘My parents did -tiddle me’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 173. Hence <span class='it'>tidlings</span>, pets, -spoilt children, id., 164. In prov. use in Berks., meaning to tend carefully; -to bring up a young animal by hand (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tie-dog,</span></span> a bandog; a fierce dog who has to be tied up. Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiego,</span></span> a dizziness in the head. Massinger, A Very Woman, iv. 3 -(Borachia). The expression is put into the mouth of an ignorant woman; -it seems to represent <span class='it'>’tigo</span>, short for Lat. <span class='it'>vertigo</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiffany,</span></span> a kind of thin transparent silk; also a gauze muslin. Fletcher, -Noble Gentleman, i. 1 (Marine); Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 1 (Treedle). -Apparently the same word as <span class='it'>Tiffany</span>, a name for the festival of the -Epiphany. OF. <span class='it'>Tiphanie</span> (Godefroy), Eccles. L. <span class='it'>Theophania</span>, Eccles. Gk. -Θεοφάνεια, the Manifestation of God. See Ducange (s.v. Theophania).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tight1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tight, tite.</span></span> Of a ship: water-tight; ‘Twelve tite Gallies’, Tam. -Shrew, ii. 1. 381; competent, capable; vigorous, stout, Ant. and Cl. iv. -4. 16; neat, trim, carefully dressed, ‘But you look so bright, And are -dress’d so tight’, Farquhar, Beaux Strat. i. 1. In prov. use in various -senses in all parts of the English-speaking world: e.g. in good health, -sound, vigorous (E. Anglia); neat, trim (Scotland); see EDD. See <span class='bold'><a href='#tith'>tith</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span>, tied, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiller,</span></span> in archery, the wooden beam which is grooved for reception -of the arrow, or drilled for the bolt; ‘The beanie or tiller (of a balista)’, -Holland, Amm. Marcell. 221 (NED.); ‘<span class='it'>Arbrier</span>, the tillar of a crosse-bow’, -Cotgrave; a stock or shaft fixed to a long-bow to admit of its being used -as a cross-bow, for greater precision of aim, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, -ii. 2 (Galatea); a bow fitted with a tiller, id., Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder -Loveless); <span class='it'>tiller-bow</span>, a cross-bow, see Roberts, English Bowman (ed. 1801, -p. 261), quoted by Croft (Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 297); <span class='it'>tillering</span>, the -putting of a bow upon a tiller, Ascham, Toxophilus, 114. OF. <span class='it'>telier</span> -(<span class='it'>tellier</span>), the wooden beam of a cross-bow, orig. a weaver’s beam (Godefroy), -Mod. L. <span class='it'>telarium</span> (Ducange), L. <span class='it'>tela</span>, a web.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tilly-vally,</span></span> an exclamation of contempt at what has been said, like -our ‘nonsense!’ Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 83; <span class='it'>Tilly-fally</span>, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 90. -<span class='it'>Tille valle, Tille vallee!</span>, an exclamation used by Mrs. Alice More, not liking -her husband’s question, ‘Is not this house (in the Tower) as nighe heaven -as myne owne (at Chelsea)?’, see Life of Sir T. More, by W. Roper -(More’s Utopia, ed. Lumby, p. xlv).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tim,</span></span> a poor wretch; a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 -(Kastril).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>timonist,</span></span> misanthrope. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, v. 2 -(Astorius). Alluding to Timon of Athens.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tinct,</span></span> to tinge, colour. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle); <span class='it'>tinct</span>, pp. -dyed, tinged, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 107. L. <span class='it'>tinctus</span>, dyed.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tincture,</span></span> a colouring matter, Dryden, Juvenal, Ded. 36; hue, -colour, ‘The tincture of a skin’, Addison, Cato, i. 4; a spiritual principle -or immaterial substance whose character or quality may be infused into -material things, which are then said to be tinctured, ‘Nothing can be so -mean, Which with his tincture (“for thy sake”) will not grow bright and -clean’, Herbert, The Elixir.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tind'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tind,</span></span> to kindle; ‘As one candle tindeth a thousand’, Sanderson-Serm. -(ed. 1689, p. 56) (NED.); <span class='it'>tind</span>, pt. t. ‘Stryful Atin in their stub, -borne mind Coles of contention and whot vengeance tind’, Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 8. 11. In Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 410, we find <span class='it'>tinne</span> (to kindle). -‘Tind’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). Wyclif -has <span class='it'>tend</span>: ‘No man tendeth a lanterne’ (Luke xi. 33). See NED. for an -account of the earlier form-history of the word. See <span class='bold'><a href='#teend'>teend</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tine1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tine,</span></span> to kindle, inflame; ‘As late the clouds . . . Tine the slant -lightning’, Milton, P. L. x. 1075; ‘The priest . . . was seen to tine The -cloven wood’, Dryden, Iliad, i. 635. A form of <span class='it'>tind</span> (to kindle), in prov. -use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Tind).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tine,</span></span> to perish, to be lost. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 36. In prov. use in -Scotland in this sense, and also, meaning ‘to lose’; see EDD. (s.v. Tine, -vb.<sup>1</sup>). The original sense of the word was ‘to lose’. ME. <span class='it'>tine</span>, to lose -(Hampole, Psalter, lxi. 10); Icel. <span class='it'>tȳna</span>, to lose, to destroy, put to death.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tine,</span></span> affliction, sorrow. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 15; Tears of the Muses, 3; -Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3 (Cloe); to feel pain, F. Q. ii. 11. 21. -OE. <span class='it'>tȳnan</span>, to give pain, to vex. See <span class='bold'><a href='#teen1'>teen</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tintamar'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tintamar, tintimar,</span></span> a confused noise, hubbub. Spelt <span class='it'>tintamar</span>, -Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, sect. i. 19, § 2; <span class='it'>tintimar</span>, Vanbrugh, The -Confederacy, v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet). F. <span class='it'>tintamarre</span>, ‘A clashing or crashing, -a rustling or gingling noise made in the fall of wooden stuff, or vessels of -metal; also a black Santus’ (Cotgr.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#sanctus'>sanctus</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tinternall,</span></span> the name of an old tune or burden for a song. Gascoigne, -ed. Hazlitt, i. 430. Cp. F. <span class='it'>tinton</span>, the burden of a song; from <span class='it'>tinter</span>, -to ring.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tip for tap,</span></span> tit for tat; one hit in requital for another. Gascoigne, -ed. Hazlitt, i. 463. See NED. (s.v. Tip, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tipe over,</span></span> to tilt over, overthrow; ‘I type over, I overthrow, <span class='it'>je renverse</span>’, -Palsgrave; ‘She tiped the table over and over’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Socrates, § 83. In prov. use in north of England, Shropshire, and E. Anglia -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>type</span>, to tilt over, knock down, see NED. (s.v. Tip, vb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tiphon,</span></span> a ‘typhoon’, whirlwind; ‘A mental tiphon’, Shirley, Example, -ii. 1 (Vainman). Gk. τυφῶν = τυφώς, a furious whirlwind (Sophocles).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tippet:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to turn one’s tippet</span>, to change one’s course or behaviour -completely; to act the turncoat. B. Jonson, Case is Altered, iii. 3 (Aurelia); -also, <span class='it'>to change one’s tippet</span>, Merry Devil of Edmonton, iii. 2. 139; ‘He -changed his typpette, and played the Apostata’, Foxe, Book of Martyrs, -1049. 2 (NED.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tipstaff,</span></span> a staff with a tip or cap of metal, carried as a badge by certain -officials. Mercury’s caduceus is called a ‘snaky tipstaff’, B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); an official carrying a tipped staff, a sheriff’s -officer, an officer appointed to wait upon a court in session; ‘Then their -Lordships . . . commissioned Atterbury the Tipstaff to fetch a smith to -force them open’, Magd. Coll. and Jas. II. p. 148 (Oxf. Hist. Soc).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tire,</span></span> a ‘tier’, row, rank. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 35; Milton, P. L. vi. 605; -Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (near the end); Dryden, Hind. and P. iii. -317. OF. <span class='it'>tire</span>, row, rank (Godefroy); ‘<span class='it'>tire à tire</span>, l’un après l’autre’ (Didot); -O. Prov. <span class='it'>tiera</span>, <span class='it'>teira</span>, ‘suite, série’ (Levy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tire,</span></span> to ‘attire’, L. L. L. iv. 2. 131. Hence <span class='it'>tire-men</span>, dressers belonging -to the theatre, Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii. 1 (Fitsgrave). <span class='it'>Tire</span>, -a head-dress, Two Gent. iv. 4. 190; spelt <span class='it'>tier</span>, London Prodigal, iv. 3. 32; -<span class='it'>tire-valiant</span>, a fanciful head-dress, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 60.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tire,</span></span> to prey or feed ravenously upon. 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 269; Venus and -Ad. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, iii. 2 -(Leocadia). ‘<span class='it'>Tiring</span> (in Falconry) is a giving the Hawk a Leg or Pinion of -a Pullet or Pigeon to pluck at’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. ME. <span class='it'>tyren</span>, to tear, -rend (Chaucer, Boethius, iii. 12. 49). F. <span class='it'>tirer</span>, to draw, pull, tug; see NED. -(s.v. Tire, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tirik,</span></span> a mechanical device explaining astronomical phenomena, a -‘theorick’; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, Skelton, Speke -Parrot, 139; Garl. of Laurell, 1518. See NED. (s.v. Theoric, sb. 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tirliry-pufkin,</span></span> a light and flighty woman. Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tit'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tit,</span></span> a small creature, young thing; <span class='it'>a tit of tenpence</span>, a girl worth tenpence; -a depreciatory epithet. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 2 (Petruchio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tite:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>swithe and tite</span>, quickly and at once, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, -i. 4. 13. Very common in the phr. <span class='it'>as tite</span>, as soon, as lief, in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Tite, adv.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>tite</span>, quickly; <span class='it'>as tyte as</span>, as soon as -(Wars Alex. 219, 693). Icel. <span class='it'>tītt</span>, at once with all speed; see Icel. Dict. -(s.v. Tīðr).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tith'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tith,</span></span> a variant of <span class='bold'><a href='#tight1'>tight</a></span> (q.v.). Of a ship: water-tight, Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iii. 5; sound in body, ‘A good stanch wench, that’s tith’, id., Mons. -Thomas, ii. 3 (Thomas). The compar. <span class='it'>tither</span> occurs in The Mad Lover, iii. 3 -(Chilax) in a nautical allusion. <span class='it'>Tithly</span>, vigorously, Island Princess, i. 1. 20; -closely, Women Pleased, iv. 3 (Penurio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tithe,</span></span> to decimate. Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, ii. 1 (Penius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>titillation,</span></span> a means of titillating, producing a pleasant sensation, -used of a perfume. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>titivil</span> (<span class='bold'>tytyvyllus</span>),</span> a term of reprobation, a knave, villain, and -esp. a mischievous tale-bearer, Hall, Henry VI (ed. 1542, f. 43); Skelton, -Garl. Laurell, 642; Colyn Cloute, 418; ‘<span class='it'>Coquette</span>, a pratling or proud gossip -. . . a titifill, a flebergebit’, Cotgrave; <span class='it'>titifil</span>, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. -Farmer, 24). Originally, the name of a devil said to collect fragments -of words dropped, skipped, or mumbled in the recitation of the daily -offices, and to carry them to hell to be registered against the offender; -the name occurs in the mystery plays. Myrrour of our Ladye, i. 20. 54. -See note to P. Plowman, C. xiv. 123. See NED. for a full and interesting -account of this curious creation of monastic wit.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>titivilitium,</span></span> an exclamation of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, -iv. 1 (Otter). L. <span class='it'>titivillitium</span>, a small trifle (used once by Plautus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to,</span></span> in comparison with. Temp. i. 2. 480, &c.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-,</span></span> prefix, in twain, asunder, in pieces. The following examples -occur in Caxton’s Hist. of Troye: <span class='it'>to-breke</span> (pt. t. <span class='it'>to-brake</span>), to break in -pieces; <span class='it'>to-breste</span>, to burst asunder; <span class='it'>to-bruse</span>, to bruise in pieces; <span class='it'>to-drawe</span>, -to draw asunder; <span class='it'>to-frusshe</span>, to break in pieces; <span class='it'>to-hewe</span>, to hew in pieces; -<span class='it'>to-rente</span>, to rend in pieces. Malory’s Morte Arthur has <span class='it'>to-cratche</span>, to tear -to pieces; <span class='it'>to-ryue</span>, to rive asunder; <span class='it'>to-sheuer</span>, to reduce to shivers. See -NED. (s.v. To-, pref.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toadstone,</span></span> a stone fabled to be found in a toad’s head, which could -cure pain instantly. See As You Like It, ii. 1. 13; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, v. 1 (Livia); Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='toase'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toase,</span></span> to pluck, to pull, draw. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 760; ‘It is a -great craft to tose wolle wel’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>tosyn</span> or tose wul or odyre -lyk, ‘carpo’ (Prompt. EETS. 501). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tooze'>tooze</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toater;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#toter'>toter</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-boil,</span></span> to boil thoroughly, boil down. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 5 -(Ferdinand).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-break,</span></span> to break in pieces; ‘So inward force my heart doth all to-break’, -Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover compareth (ed. Bell, p. 200); <span class='it'>to-brake</span>, pt. t., -‘And all to brake his scull’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Judges ix. 53. See Dict. M. and S. -(s.v. Tobreken). OE. <span class='it'>tobrecan</span>, pt. t. <span class='it'>tobræc</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tod,</span></span> a fox. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); Pan’s Anniversary, -Hymn iv, l. 12. A north-country word; Jamieson says, ‘the fox is -vulgarly known by no other name throughout Scotland’, see EDD. (s.v. -Tod, sb.<sup>2</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tod,</span></span> a bushy mass (esp. of ivy). Spenser, Sheph. Kal., March, 67; -Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, i. 1 (Caratach); id., Rule a Wife, iv. 3 (Juan). -In E. Anglia the word is in use for the head of a pollard tree, see EDD. -(s.v. Tod, sb.<sup>5</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-dash,</span></span> to dash in pieces. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 18.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>todder,</span></span> slime; the spawn of frogs or toads; ‘Where in their todder -loathly paddocks breed’, Drayton, Moses, bk. ii, 116. In prov. use in -Leic. for the spawn of frogs or toads, see EDD. (s.v. Tother, sb. 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toderer,</span></span> a man of loose life. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tods;</span></span> ‘I wear out my naked legs and my foots and my teds’, -Dekker, O. Fortunatus. iv. 2 (Andelocia). A misreading for ‘toes’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tofore,</span></span> formerly. Titus And. iii. 1; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 7. ME. -<span class='it'>toforn</span>, beforehand (Chaucer); <span class='it'>tofore</span>, prep. before (P. Plowman, B. v. 457).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-frusshed,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> broken to pieces, crushed, battered. ‘All to-frusshed’, -Warner, Alb. England, bk. ii, ch. 12, st. 33. See <span class='bold'><a href='#frush1'>frush</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toft,</span></span> taut, tightly drawn, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 554. See -NED. (s.v. Taut, adj. 2). See EDD. (s.v. Taut). ME. <span class='it'>toght</span>, tightly drawn -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 2267).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>token,</span></span> a small coin, struck by private individuals to pass for a farthing. -<span class='it'>Tavern-token</span>, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime); ‘Not worth a tavern-token’, -Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1 (Tapwell).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tole,</span></span> to entice, draw on. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons, iv. 2 -(near the end); <span class='it'>tole on</span>, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1 (Clorin). In -prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Toll, vb.<sup>2</sup> 1). ME. -<span class='it'>tollen</span>, to attract, entice (Chaucer, Boethius, ii. 7. 15).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toledo,</span></span> a Toledo sword. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo); near the -end; Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Bobadilla).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ton,</span></span> a tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). F. <span class='it'>thon</span>, -a tunny-fish (Cotgr.); L. <span class='it'>thunnus</span>; Gk. θύννος.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tone'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tone:</span></span> <span class='it'>the tone</span>, for <span class='it'>thet one</span>, i.e. that one, the one. Golding, tr. of Ovid, -Preface, 96; cp. <span class='it'>the tother</span>, for <span class='it'>thet other</span>, that other, the other (in the same -line). Just below, l. 105, we find <span class='it'>tone part</span>, for <span class='it'>the tone part</span>, i.e. the one part. -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tonnell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#tunnel'>tunnel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tony,</span></span> a simpleton. In Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio), we find -<span class='it'>Tony</span> used as an abbreviation of Antony, and at the same time signifying -a simpleton; ‘Be pointed at for a tony’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii -(Freeman); <span class='it'>tonies</span>, pl. Dryden, All for Love, Prol., 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toot;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#tote1'>tote</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toothful,</span></span> toothsome, delicious. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, v. 1 -(Theoph.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='too-too'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>too-too,</span></span> extremely, very. Hamlet, i. 2. 129; Two Noble Kinsmen, -v. 4. 15 (Common); <span class='it'>toto muche</span>, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 42.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tooze'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tooze,</span></span> to tease wool; ‘Toozing wooll’, Golding, Metam. xiv. 265; -fol. 170 (1603); ‘I toose wolle or cotton or suche lyke, <span class='it'>Je force de la laine</span>, -and <span class='it'>je charpis de la laine</span>’, Palsgrave. See <span class='bold'><a href='#toase'>toase</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>top-ayle,</span></span> highest spike or beard of an ear of corn. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xx. 211. ‘Ails’ (‘iles’) is in prov. use in the south of England for the -beards or awns of barley or any other bearded grain, see EDD. (s.v. Ail, -sb.<sup>2</sup>). OE. <span class='it'>egl</span>, ‘festuca’ (Luke vi. 41).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tope,</span></span> I pledge you; lit. touch (or strike) my glass with yours. Shirley, -Honoria, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See Dict. (s.v. Toper).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>topsiturne,</span></span> to upset, turn upside down; ‘This object . . . Which -topsiturnes my braine’, Heywood, Iron Age (Ajax), vol. iii, p. 341; ‘All -things are topside-turn’d’, id., Dialogue 9, in vol. vi, p. 214.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tormentour,</span></span> a torturer, one deputed to torture and punish offenders, -an executioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 49; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Matt. xviii. -34. ME. <span class='it'>tormentour</span>, executioner (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 527).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tortious,</span></span> injurious, wrongful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 18. See Dict. -(s.v. Tort).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>torved,</span></span> stern. Webster, Appius and Virginia, v. 3 (Virginius). For -<span class='it'>torvid</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>torvidus</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toss, tosses,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span> (?). Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tote1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tote,</span></span> to look, gaze; ‘How often dyd I tote Upon her prety fote’, -Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1146; spelt <span class='it'>toote</span>, Speke Parrot, 12; <span class='it'>toot</span>, Peele, -Arraignment of Paris, i. 2 (Oenone). In prov. use in north of England -down to Warw. in the sense of to peep and pry about, see EDD. (s.v. Toot, -vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>toten</span> (P. Plowman, B. xv. 22), OE. <span class='it'>tōtian</span>, to look, gaze.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tote,</span></span> to project, stick out; ‘Your tail toteth out behind’, The Four -Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; ‘A toting huge swelling ruff’, -Howell’s Letters, bk. i, sect. 3, let. 31, § 7. In prov. use in the north -country, also in Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.<sup>2</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='toter'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toter,</span></span> a player upon the horn. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 3 (Pan); -<span class='it'>toater</span>, Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 1 (end). See EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tother:</span></span> <span class='it'>the tother</span>, for <span class='it'>thet other</span>, the other. See <span class='bold'><a href='#tone'>tone</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toto,</span></span> variant of <span class='bold'><a href='#too-too'>too-too</a>,</span> q.v.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>totters,</span></span> tatters, rags. Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song); -<span class='it'>tottered</span>, tattered, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 6; Edward II, ii. 3. 21; -Richard II, iii. 3. 52. Norw. dial. <span class='it'>totra</span>, a rag, <span class='it'>totror</span>, pl. rags, also <span class='it'>taltra</span>(<span class='it'>r</span>) -(Aasen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>totty,</span></span> unsteady, confused in thought. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39; Sheph. -Kal., Feb., 55. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>toty</span>: ‘Myn heed is toty of my swink to-night’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4253).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>touch,</span></span> a trait or feature; ‘One touch of nature makes the whole world -kin’, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 175; ‘Evill touches’, Ascham, Scholemaster, 48. -<span class='it'>Touch</span> = <span class='it'>Touchstone</span>, Richard III, iv. 2. 8; used also <span class='it'>fig.</span> with reference to the -trial of gold, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='touch2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>touch,</span></span> often used for any costly marble; properly the <span class='it'>basanites</span> of the -Greeks, a very hard black granite. It obtained the name <span class='it'>touch</span> from being -used as a test for gold. It was often written <span class='it'>tutch</span> or <span class='it'>tuch</span>; ‘He built this -house of tutch and alabaster’, Harington, tr. Ariosto, xliii. 14; ‘With -alabaster, tuch and porphyry adorned’, Drayton, Pol. xvi. 45; ‘Thou art -not, Penshurst, built to envious show of touch or marble’, B. Jonson, -Forest, B. ii. 2. See Nares. F. <span class='it'>pierre de touche</span>, ‘sorte de pierre, ainsi appelée, -parce qu’on s’en sert pour éprouver l’or et l’argent en les y frottant’ -(Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='touch-box'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>touch-box,</span></span> a box containing powder for priming a fire-arm; ‘Fire the -touch-box’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2. 8. See <span class='bold'><a href='#twitch-box'>twitch-box</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tour,</span></span> a lady’s head-dress or wig. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 -(Medley). F. ‘<span class='it'>Un tour de tête</span>, <span class='it'>un tour</span>, sorte de petite perruque de femme’ -(Hatzfeld).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toure, towre,</span></span> to see, to look (Cant). To <span class='it'>towre</span>, to see, Harman, -Caveat, p. 84; <span class='it'>toure out</span>, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toward,</span></span> in preparation, near at hand. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 81; -Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 68; <span class='it'>towards</span>, Romeo, i. 5. 124; <span class='it'>towardness</span>, docility, Bacon, -Essay 19.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>towker,</span></span> a ‘tucker’, a fuller of cloth. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 14, § 4. ME. <span class='it'>towkere</span>, ‘fullo’ (Voc. 629. 2), <span class='it'>towker</span>, P. Plowman, A. Prol. -100. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tokker).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='town-top'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>town-top,</span></span> Fletcher, Nightwalker, i. 3 (Nurse). See <span class='bold'><a href='#parish-top'>parish-top</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-wry,</span></span> to hide, conceal; ‘Your sighs you fetch from far, And all -to-wry your woe’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover’s Case cannot be hidden, 26 -(ed. Bell, p. 95). ME. <span class='it'>wrye</span>, to cover (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 887), OE. <span class='it'>wrēon</span>, to -cover; <span class='it'>wrigen</span>, pp.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>toy,</span></span> a trifle, a trifling ornament. Twelfth Nt. iii. 3. 44; ‘Any toys for -your head’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 326; Bacon, Essay 19; a trifling matter, -something of no value, Othello, i. 3. 270; an idle fancy, whim, King John, -i. 1. 232; Richard III, i. 1. 60; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 79; Chapman, -Bussy D’Ambois, i (Beaupré).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>to-year,</span></span> this year. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); <span class='it'>to-yere</span>, -id., Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. In gen. prov. use in -England and Ireland (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>to-yere</span>, this year (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 168).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trace,</span></span> the straps by which a vehicle is drawn, traces. Golding, -Metam. ii. 109; fol. 16, back (1603); ‘Trace, horse harnesse, <span class='it'>trays</span>’, -Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>trayce</span>, horsys harneys, ‘trahale’ (Prompt.). F. <span class='it'>traits</span>, pl. -of <span class='it'>trait</span>, ‘the cord or chain that runs between the horses’ (Cotgr.). <span class='it'>Traces</span> -is therefore a double plural. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trace,</span></span> to follow up a track; to traverse, to move forward. Sackville, -Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 27; Morte Arthur, leaf 232. 18, bk. x, ch. 30; -Milton, Comus, 427; <span class='it'>trast</span>, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 37. In use in Ireland -in the sense of tracking an animal, see EDD. (s.v. Trace, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tract,</span></span> to track, follow up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 3, 17; Greene, Orl. -Fur. i. 1. 101.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tract:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>tracte of tyme</span>, duration of time, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 22, § 3; <span class='it'>to tract the time</span>, to prolong the time, Mirror for Mag., -Gloucester, st. 25. Hence <span class='it'>tracting</span>, protraction, prolongation, ‘In the -tractynge of tyme’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, 53). F. ‘<span class='it'>par traict de temps</span>, -in tract of time’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trade'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trade,</span></span> track of footsteps, trodden path. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39; -‘A common trade to passe through Priam’s house’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, -ii. 593. In north Yorks. the word is in prov. use, meaning a constant -passage backwards and forwards, used of men and animals: ‘A lot of -rabbits here, by the trade they make’, see EDD. (s.v. Trade, 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>traditive,</span></span> traditional. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 196.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>traduction,</span></span> transmission. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 23. <span class='it'>Verbal -traduction</span>, verbal translation, Cowley, Pref. to Pindaric Odes (beginning). -F. <span class='it'>traduction</span>, a translation, L. <span class='it'>traductio</span>, a transferring, transmission.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>traicte,</span></span> to treat. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. <span class='it'>traicter</span>, -to treat (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>train,</span></span> to draw on, allure, entice. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 45; <span class='it'>train on</span>, -1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 21. Norm. F. <span class='it'>trainer</span>, ‘attirer, entrainer, séduire’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trains,</span></span> artifices, stratagems. Macbeth, iv. 3. 118; Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. -24; Milton, P. L. xi. 624; Sams. Ag. 533, 932; Comus, 151. ME. <span class='it'>trayne</span>, or -disseyte, ‘fraus’ (Prompt. EETS. 488). OF. <span class='it'>traine</span>, ‘trahison’ (Godefroy); -cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>traine</span>, a plot, practice, device’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tralineate,</span></span> to deviate, degenerate. Dryden, Wife of Bath, 396. -Suggested by Ital. <span class='it'>tralignare</span>, to degenerate (Dante).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tralucent,</span></span> transparent, allowing light to shine through. B. Jonson, -Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 6. The same as -<span class='it'>translucent</span>, Milton, Comus, 861. L. <span class='it'>tralucere</span>, <span class='it'>translucere</span>, to shine through.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tramels,</span></span> nets for confining the hair, net-work. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. -15; Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 426 (Remilia); p. 122, col. 2. F. <span class='it'>tramail</span>, -a net (Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>tramaglio</span>, a drag-net (Fanfani), Med. L. <span class='it'>tremaculum</span>, -<span class='it'>tremaclum</span> (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trampler,</span></span> a lawyer. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, i. 4 (Witgood).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trangame,</span></span> a thing of no value (Cant); ‘But go, thou trangame, and -carry back those trangames which thou hast stolen’, Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, iii (Widow).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>translate,</span></span> to transform. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 122; B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. ii. 4 (Brain-worm).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>translater,</span></span> a jocose or slang term for a cobbler who made worn boots -wearable by judicious patching, and mending; ‘Jeffrey the translater’, -A Knack to know a Knave (Cobbler), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 566. For -many examples of the use of this word for a ‘cobbler’, see EDD. (s.v. -Translate, 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>transmew,</span></span> to transmute, change. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 35; ii. 3. 37. -ME. <span class='it'>transmuwen</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 467). F. <span class='it'>transmuër</span>, to change -(Cotgr.). L. <span class='it'>transmutare</span>. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>transmogrify,</span></span> to transform. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 -(Belfond Senior). A playful variant of <span class='it'>transmodify</span>, by association with -the termination -(<span class='it'>mo</span>)<span class='it'>graphy</span>. In gen. prov. and colloquial use in all -English-speaking countries (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>transversaries,</span></span> the cross-pieces of a cross-staff, which was an old -instrument for taking altitudes and measuring angles. Dekker, Wh. of -Babylon (1 King); Works, ii. 233.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trash1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trash,</span></span> (hunting term), to check (a dog) that is too fast by attaching -a weight to its neck; ‘This poor trash of Venice, whom I trash For his -quick hunting’, Othello, ii. 1. 132; ‘Who t’advance, and who To trash -for over-topping’, Tempest, i. 2. 81; Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 1 Caratach). -See Nares. In Cumberland the word <span class='it'>trash</span> means a cord used in checking -dogs, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, sb.<sup>3</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trash,</span></span> to tramp after, to pace along. Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 37. In -prov. use in Lakeland, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trattle,</span></span> to prattle, tattle. Bale, Kynge Johan (Camd. Soc.), p. 73; -Skelton, Against the Scottes, 2. Hence, <span class='it'>trattler</span>, a prattler, ‘A tratler is -worse than a thief’, Ray, Proverbs (ed. 1678, 357). A Scotch word, see -EDD. (s.v. Trattle, vb.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>travant,</span></span> a halberdier in attendance on the Emperor in Germany. -Chapman, Alphonsus, iii (Alph.). G. <span class='it'>Trabant</span>, a satellite, halberdier: cp. -Norw. <span class='it'>drabant</span>, one of the body-guard of Solomon (1 Kings ix. 22), Magyar -<span class='it'>darabant</span>. See Kluge’s Etym. Germ. Dict., and NED. (s.v. Drabant).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>travers</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> a movable screen, a sliding door. Marston’s Masque at -Ashby Castle, MS. (Nares); Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, -p. 45; spelt <span class='it'>traves</span>, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 58. ME. <span class='it'>travers</span>: ‘We will -that our said son be in his chamber . . . the travers drawn anon upon -eight of the clock’ (Letters and Ordinances, 1473, in Nares); so in Chaucer: -‘Men drinken and the travers drawe anon’ (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>E.</span> 1817); also <span class='it'>travas</span>, -‘transversum’ (Prompt. EETS. 489, see note, no. 2387). The word exists -in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Traverse, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>traverse,</span></span> to examine thoroughly. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 3 -(Tarquin).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tray-trace, trey-trace,</span></span> perhaps (like <span class='it'>tray-trip</span>) the name of a game -at dice. Trey-trip and <span class='it'>trey-trace</span>, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 118.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tray-trip,</span></span> an old game at dice, in which <span class='it'>tray</span> (three) was a successful -throw. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 207; B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle); spelt -<span class='it'>tra-trip</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Roger); <span class='it'>tre-trip</span>, Mayne, -City Match, ii. 4 (Aurelia); ‘Lett’s goe to dice a while, To passage, trei-trippe, -hazard, or mum-chance’, Machivell’s Dogge, 1617, 4to, sign. B; -see Nares. See <span class='bold'><a href='#trey'>trey</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treachetour,</span></span> a traitor, deceiver. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 7. A contaminated -form; due to ME. <span class='it'>trechour</span> (a traitor) and ME. <span class='it'>tregetour</span> (a juggler). -The latter word is found in Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1277, and C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> -1143, see also <span class='it'>tregetowre</span>, ‘mimus, pantomimus, prestigiator, joculator’ -(Prompt. EETS. 489). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>tregettour</span>, juggler (Bozon), deriv. of OF. -<span class='it'>tresgeter</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>transjectare</span>, to throw across, to juggle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treachour,</span></span> a traitor, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; ii. 1. 12; ii. 4. 27; <span class='it'>treacher</span>, -King Lear, i. 2. 133; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iii. 1 (Otto); -Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron). ME. <span class='it'>trechour</span> (Chaucer, Rom. -Rose, 197). OF. <span class='it'>trecheör</span> (Bartsch), Romanic type <span class='it'>trecatórem</span>, cp. Med. L. -<span class='it'>tricator</span>, ‘deceptor’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treague,</span></span> a truce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 33. Ital. and Span. <span class='it'>tregua</span>, -Mod. L. <span class='it'>tregua</span>, see Ducange (s.v. Treva); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. <span class='it'>triuwa</span>, -truth, a solemn promise (Schade).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treason,</span></span> a surrender. North, tr. Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 17 (in Shaks. -Plut. p. 31). OF. <span class='it'>traïson</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>traditio</span>, ‘cessio, concessio’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treen,</span></span> pl. of <span class='it'>tree</span>. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 1. ME. -<span class='it'>treon</span>, trees (Laȝamon, 1835, 25978).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treen,</span></span> wooden, made of wood. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 39; i. 7. 26; Chapman, -Byron’s Conspiracy, ii (near end); ‘Treene dishes be homely’, -Tusser, Husbandry, 175. In prov. use: <span class='it'>treen-plates</span>, wooden trenchers, in -E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>treen</span>, wooden (Prompt. EETS. 495).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trench,</span></span> to cut. Two Gent. iii. 2. 7; Macb. iii. 4. 27. F. ‘<span class='it'>trencher</span>, to -cut, carve, slice, hew’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trenchand,</span></span> cutting, sharp. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 17. For <span class='it'>trenchant</span>; -from F. <span class='it'>trencher</span>, to cut.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trenchmore,</span></span> a lively and boisterous country-dance. Beaumont and -Fl., Pilgrim, iv. 3 (Master); Island Princess, v. 3 (2 Townsman); London -Prodigal, i. 2. 38; Selden’s Table Talk (s.v. King of England). See -Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trendle1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trendle,</span></span> a wheel, a hoop. Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 72; ‘A -cracknel or cake made like a Trendell’, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 1, 2). ME. <span class='it'>trendyl</span>, ‘troclea’ (Prompt. 490). -OE. <span class='it'>trendel</span>, a wheel (Sweet), see <span class='bold'><a href='#trindill'>trindill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trendle,</span></span> to roll; ‘Like a trendlyng ball’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, -st. 44 (Works, i. 158). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 8). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#trindill'>trindill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trepidation,</span></span> a swaying motion: the libration of the earth. Milton, -P. L. iii. 483.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trest;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#trist'>trist</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tretably,</span></span> properly, correctly. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2 (Pedant). -OF. <span class='it'>traitable</span>, tractable.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trey'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trey, tray,</span></span> three; at cards or dice. L. L. L. v. 2. 232. Anglo-F. <span class='it'>treis</span>, -L. <span class='it'>tres</span>, three.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>treygobet,</span></span> the name of a game at dice. Lit. ‘three (and) go better’. -The Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 34.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trick</span>(<span class='bold'>e,</span></span> neat, tidy, elegant. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 35; Ascham, -Toxophilus, 6 (Nares); Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 73; neatly, skilfully, -Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Faunus).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tricker,</span></span> a trigger. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 528; Farquhar, Recruiting -Officer, i. 1. Du. <span class='it'>trekker</span>, a trigger, a puller; <span class='it'>trekken</span>, to draw, pull. -See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trickment,</span></span> heraldic emblazonry; ‘Here’s a new tomb, new trickments -too’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, iv. 2 (Norandine); ‘No tomb shall -hold thee But these two arms, no trickments but my tears’, Mad Lover, -v. 4 (Calis).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tricotee,</span></span> a kind of dance; ‘A monkey dancing his tricotee’, Lady -Alimony, i. 2 (Trillo). OF. <span class='it'>tricotee</span>, an involuntary dance by one compelled -by blows (Godefroy); cp. <span class='it'>tricote</span>, a cudgel; <span class='it'>Tricot</span>, ‘bâton gros et court. Il -n’est d’usage que dans le discours familier: <span class='it'>Il lui donna du tricot</span>’ (Dict. -de l’Acad., 1762). Of Germ. origin, see Schado (s.v. Stric). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trig,</span></span> a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trigon'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trigon.</span></span> The zodiacal signs were combined in <span class='it'>triplicities</span>, or four sets of -three; each of these formed a trigon. There are four such: (1) the <span class='it'>fiery</span> -trigon, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius; (2) the <span class='it'>earthy</span> trigon, Taurus, Virgo, Capricornus; -(3) the <span class='it'>airy</span> trigon, Gemini, Libra, Aquarius; (4) the <span class='it'>watery</span> trigon, -Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces, according to the four elements, fire, earth, air, -water. ‘The fiery trigon’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 288; ‘His musics, his trigon’, -B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Nano); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 905. Gk. τρίγωνον, -a triangle.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trill,</span></span> to roll as a ball. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 7; to -trickle as a tear, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 78; Sir T. Wyatt, Comparison of -Love to a Stream, 2; to twirl, ‘I tryll a whirlygig rounde aboute, <span class='it'>Je -pirouette</span>’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in sense of to trundle a hoop, also, to -twirl (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>tryllyn</span>, ‘volvo’ (Prompt. EETS. 502).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trillibub'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trillibub,</span></span> a trifle, an expression for something trifling. Massinger, -Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Fairfield); a cheap -food, like tripe, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). See Nares. Cp. -the prov. words for entrails, tripe, <span class='it'>trollibobs</span>, <span class='it'>trullibubs</span>, <span class='it'>trollibags</span>, gen. used -in phr. <span class='it'>tripe and trollibobs</span> (EDD., s.v. Trollibobs). See <span class='bold'><a href='#trullibub'>trullibub</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trim,</span></span> neat, elegant, nice, fine; mostly used with irony; ‘The flowers -are sweet, their colours fresh and trim’, Venus and Ad. 1079; ‘Trim -gallants’, L. L. L. v. 2. 363; ‘These trim vanities’, Hen. VIII, i. 3. 37; -ornamental dress, Ant. and Cl. iv. 4. 22; ‘Proud-pied April, dressed in -all his trim’, Sonnet 98; phr. <span class='it'>in her trim</span>, in speaking of ships, the state -of being fully prepared for sailing, ‘Where we in all her trim freshly -beheld our royal ship’, Tempest, v. 236; Com. Errors, iv. 1. 90.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trim-tram,</span></span> a trifle, a worthless speech or thing. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, ii. 114. [‘They thought you as great a nincompoop as your squire—trim-tram, -like master, like man’, Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, xiii.] A -reduplicative term used in Scotland, expressive of ridicule or contempt -(EDDA.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trindill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trindill;</span></span> ‘That they take away and destroy all shrines, tables, candlesticks, -trindills, or rolls of wax’, King’s Injunctions, ann. 1547, in Fuller’s -Church History.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trindle-tail'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trindle-tail.</span></span> Fletcher speaks of a cur with ‘a trindle tail’, i.e. a tail -curled round, Love’s Cure, iii. 3. 17; Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 3. 18; -spelt <span class='it'>trundle-tail</span>, a dog with a curled tail, King Lear, iii. 6. 73; <span class='it'>trendle-tail</span>, -B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Ursula). See <span class='bold'><a href='#trendle1'>trendle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trine,</span></span> a combination of three things (viz. youth, wit, and courage), -Mirror for Mag., Cromwell, st. 26.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trine,</span></span> an aspect in which one planet was at an angle of 120 degrees -from another. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 292; ‘A trine aspect’, Beaumont -and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret). Hence, as vb., to conjoin in -a trine, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 389. See <span class='bold'><a href='#triplicity'>triplicity</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trine,</span></span> to be hanged (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); -Harman, Caveat, p. 31; <span class='it'>trine me</span>, hang me, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trinket</span> (<span class='bold'>trinquet</span>)<span class='bold'>,</span></span> the highest sail of a ship. Hakluyt, Voyages, -iii. 411; ‘<span class='it'>Trinquet</span> is properly the top or top-gallant on any mast, the -highest sail of a ship’, Blount, Gloss. (ed. 1674). F. <span class='it'>trinquet</span> (Cotgr.), Span. -and Port. <span class='it'>trinquete</span>, deriv. of <span class='it'>trinca</span>, a rope for lashing fast; of Germ. origin, -cp. G. <span class='it'>strick</span>; see Reinhardstöttner, Portuguese Gram. (1878), § 31, and -Schade (s.v. Strickan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trinket,</span></span> a porringer; esp. one made with a handle, like a teacup, as -it is to be hung upon a pin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 3.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trinket</span> (<span class='bold'>trenket</span>)<span class='bold'>,</span></span> a shoemaker’s knife; ‘Trenket, an instrument -for a cordwayner, <span class='it'>batton a torner</span> (<span class='it'>soulies</span>)’, Palsgrave [also spelt <span class='it'>trynket</span>]. -ME. <span class='it'>trenket</span> (Voc. 562. 3); <span class='it'>trenkett</span>, ‘ansorium’ (Cath. Angl.); <span class='it'>trenkette</span> -(Prompt. 490, see note, no. 2395). Cp. F. <span class='it'>tranchet</span>: ‘A shoomakers round -cutting knife: <span class='it'>tranchet de cordouanier</span>’ (Sherwood).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='triplicity'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>triplicity,</span></span> a combination of three zodiacal signs in the form of an -equilateral triangle; ‘And how the signs in their <span class='it'>triplicities</span>, By sympathizing -in their trine consents’, &c., Drayton, Man in the Moon, 458. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#trigon'>trigon</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trist, trest,</span></span> the station where a hunter was placed to watch the game. -<span class='it'>At the trest</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 14; bk. xviii, c. 21; <span class='it'>at the tryst</span>, -Master of Game, ch. 16 (end). ME. <span class='it'>triste</span>, an appointed station in hunting -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1534), <span class='it'>tryster</span> (Gawain), <span class='it'>tristre</span> (Anc. R.). OF. <span class='it'>triste</span>, -<span class='it'>tristre</span> (Godefroy). See Dict. (s.v. Tryst).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trisulke,</span></span> three-forked, triple. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Saturn); -vol. iii, p. 43; Brazen Age (Hercules), p. 250; a trident, three-forked -spear, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Timon); vol. vi, p. 160. L. <span class='it'>trisulcus</span>, three-forked -(Virgil).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>troad, trode,</span></span> track of footsteps, beaten path. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 5; -Shep. Kal., July, 14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 325. ‘Trod’, meaning a -beaten track, a foot-path, is a north-country word down to Lincoln (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='troll'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>troll, troul, trowl,</span></span> to roll; ‘To troll the tongue’, Milton, P. L. xi. 620; -to circulate or pass round, as a vessel of liquor at a carouse, ‘Troul the -bowl’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (Merrythought); -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Song); to sing a tune in succession, -‘Troll the catch’, Tempest, iii. 2. 126; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 3 -(Dion). In prov. use in various parts of England in the sense of to roll, -to circulate, see EDD. (s.v. Troll, vb.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>trollyn</span>, ‘volvo’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>troll-my-dames,</span></span> the name of a game; ‘A fellow, sir, that I have -known to go about with troll-my-dames’, Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 92 (Autolycus). -Also called <span class='it'>pigeon-holes</span>; also <span class='it'>nine-holes</span> (described by Strutt). The -game was played with a board, at one end of which were a number of -arches, like pigeon-holes, into which small balls were to be bowled; see -Nares. The word <span class='it'>troll-my-dames</span> is a corruption of the French name for the -game <span class='it'>Trou-Madame</span>; see Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tromp,</span></span> to deceive. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). F. <span class='it'>tromper</span>. -Cp. EDD. (s.v. Trump, vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trossers,</span></span> tight drawers. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria); -Hen. V, iii. 7. 57 (so most modern edds.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#strossers'>strossers</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trot,</span></span> an old woman. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 80; used of a man, Meas. for M. -iii. 2. 54; Gammer Gurton, ii. 8; Warner, Albion, ii. p. 47 (Nares). In -prov. use (EDD.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>trote</span>: ‘la viele trote’ (Gower, Mirour, 17900).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trouchman;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#truchman'>truchman</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>troul, trowl;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#troll'>troll</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trow,</span></span> to think, believe, suppose; ‘I trow not’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Luke xvii. 9; -2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 38; v. 1. 85. <span class='it'>I trow</span>, added to questions expressive of -contemptuous or indignant surprise; ‘Who’s there, I trow?’, Merry -Wives, i. 4. 140; ii. 1. 64; also <span class='it'>trow</span> alone; ‘What is the matter, trow?’, -Cymbeline, i. 6. 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. -<span class='it'>trowen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 691), OE. <span class='it'>trūwian</span>, to believe confidently, to trust -in a person or thing (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trowses'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trowses,</span></span> close-fitting drawers; ‘Four wild Irish in trowses’, Ford, -Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1 (Stage-direction); B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 -(Pennyboy Junior); hence, <span class='it'>trowzed</span>, clad in ‘trowses’, ‘Poor trowz’d -Irish’, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1577. F. <span class='it'>trousses</span>, the breeches of a page (Littré); -cp. O. Irish <span class='it'>truibhas</span>, close-fitting breeches and stockings (O’Curry, Introd., -p. 384); Irish <span class='it'>triubhas</span> (Dinneen). See Dict. (s.v. Trousers).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Troy-novant,</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>New Troy,</span></span> London. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 46; -Peele, Descensus Astraeae, l. 18 from end; id., A Farewell, &c., l. 4; -‘Geoffrey of Monmouth . . . reporteth that Brute lineally descended from -the demi-god Aeneas . . . about the year of the world 2855, and 1108 before -the nativity of Christ, built this city (London) near unto the river -now called Thames, and named it Troynovant or Trenovant’, Stow’s -Survey (ed. Thoms, 1). London was the capital of the British tribe, the -<span class='it'>Trinobantes</span>, one of its ancient names being <span class='it'>Augusta Trinobantum</span>, whence -the Anglo-F. <span class='it'>Troynovant</span>; but by popular etymology <span class='it'>Troynovant</span> was connected -with the <span class='it'>Troia nova</span> (new Troy) of Geoffrey of Monmouth and Nennius.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truage,</span></span> tribute. Morte Arthur, leaf 35, back, 4; bk. i, c. 23. ME. <span class='it'>truage</span> -(Rob. Glouc.). OF. <span class='it'>truage</span>, <span class='it'>treuaige</span>, <span class='it'>treutage</span>, ‘vectigal, tributum’, deriv. of -<span class='it'>true</span>, <span class='it'>treü</span>, <span class='it'>trehu</span>, ‘tributum’, see Ducange (s.v. Truagium). OF. <span class='it'>treü</span> is the -same word as L. <span class='it'>tributum</span>; cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>traüt</span>, <span class='it'>trabut</span>, ‘tribut’ (Levy). See -Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Trewage).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='truchman'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truchman,</span></span> an interpreter. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); -tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry, III (= L. <span class='it'>interpete</span>); Holland. Pliny, Nat. -Hist., bk. vii, ch. 24; Hakluyt, Voyages, ii. 152; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid -(ed. Arber, 82); <span class='it'>trucheman</span>, Puttenham, Eng. Poes. (ed. Arber, 278); -<span class='it'>trouchman</span>, Three Lords and Three Ladies; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 463. -See Nares. F. <span class='it'>trucheman</span> (Cotgr.), O. Prov. <span class='it'>trocheman</span>, Span. <span class='it'>trujaman</span> -(Stevens), Arab. <span class='it'>tarjumân</span> (Dozy, 351). See Stanford (s.v. Dragoman).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='truckle-bed'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truckle-bed,</span></span> a bed which could be wheeled under a larger one, Hall, -Satires, ii, sat. 6; ‘<span class='it'>troccle-bed</span>’, Statutes Trinity Coll., Oxford (ann. 1556). -An Oxford University word. L. <span class='it'>trochlea</span>, wheel of a pulley. Gk. τροχιλία, -a pulley. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>true,</span></span> honest. <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xlii. 11; Much Ado, iii. 3. 54; L. L. L. iv. -3. 187; ‘The thieves have bound the true men’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 98; -‘Rich preys make true men thieves’, Venus and Ad. 724. See Wright’s -Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>true-penny,</span></span> honest fellow; used familiarly. Hamlet, i. 5. 150; -Fletcher, Loyal Subject, i. 3 (Putskie).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trug,</span></span> a trull, concubine. Arden of Fev. i. 500; Middleton, Your Five -Gallants, i. 1 (Primero). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='trullibub'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trullibub,</span></span> a slut. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#trillibub'>trillibub</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trump,</span></span> a game at cards, similar to our whist. Fletcher, Lover’s Progress, -iii. 2 (Lancelot); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truncheon,</span></span> the lower part of the shaft of a broken lance. Dryden, -Palamon, iii. 612; ‘Truncheons of shivered lances’, id., tr. of Aeneid, xi. 16. -ME. <span class='it'>tronchoun</span>, broken shaft of a spear (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2615); Anglo-F. -<span class='it'>trunçun</span>: ‘Sa hanste est fraite, n’en ad que un trunçun’ (Ch. Rol. 1352).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trundle-bed,</span></span> a low bed for a servant that ran on castors, drawn out -at night from beneath a higher bed; a synonym of <span class='bold'><a href='#truckle-bed'>truckle-bed</a>.</span> Shirley, -Witty Fair One, iii. 1 (Brains). In prov. use (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trundle-tail;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#trindle-tail'>trindle-tail</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trundling-cheat,</span></span> in cant language, a cart. B. Jonson, New Inn, -iii. 1 (Pierce). See <span class='bold'><a href='#cheat2'>cheat</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trunk,</span></span> a tube; a speaking-tube, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, i. 1 -(Cler.); a telescope, News from the New World (Printer); a pea-shooter, -‘Wooden pellets out of earthen trunks’, Middleton, Fam. of Love, iii. 3 -(Purge); Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver); ‘A trunk to shoot in, <span class='it'>syringa</span>, -tubulus flatu jaculatorius’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; Brome, New Acad. iv. 1. -See Dict. (s.v. Trunk, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trunks,</span></span> trunk-hose, loose hose, often stuffed with hair. B. Jonson, -Alchem. iii. 2 (Face); Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Strozzo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>truss,</span></span> to pack close; to fasten up. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 350; ‘Help to -truss me’ (i.e. to tie up the points (strings) of my hose), B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. i. 3 (Stephen). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trusses, a pair of,</span></span> close-fitting leggings; ‘A pair of trusses’ [for an -Irishman], Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1 (near the end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#trowses'>trowses</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trutch sword</span></span> (?); ‘For a trutch sword, my naked knife stuck up’, -Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>trye,</span></span> select, refined; ‘Of silver trye’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 26. F. <span class='it'>trié</span>, -pp. of <span class='it'>trier</span>, to try, to refine.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tuch;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#touch2'>touch</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tucket,</span></span> a particular set of notes on the trumpet used as a signal for -a march (Nares). Also, <span class='it'>tucket-sonance</span>, Hen. V, iv. 2. 85. Ital. ‘<span class='it'>toccata</span> d’un -musico, a præludium that cunning musicians use to play, as it were -voluntarily before any set lesson’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tuff-taffeta,</span></span> a kind of silk. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Hedon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tumbler,</span></span> a kind of greyhound used for coursing rabbits; ‘A nimble -tumbler on a burrowed green’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals, ii. 4; B. Jonson, -Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). A Linc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Tumbler, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tumbrel,</span></span> a farm-cart used for manure. Marston, Epil. to Pygmalion, -26; Satire iv. 13. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Tumbril, 1). ME. <span class='it'>tomerel</span>, a dung-cart (Prompt. EETS. 485, <span class='it'>tumerel</span>, -494); F. ‘<span class='it'>tombereau</span>, a tumbrel or dung-cart’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tumbrel,</span></span> a sort of bumboat, unfit for sailing. Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); iii. 4 (Petruchio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tundish,</span></span> a funnel; ‘Filling a bottle with a tundish’, Meas. for M. -iii. 2. 182. A ‘tun-bowl’ or a ‘tun-dish’ was a kind of wooden funnel, -like a small bucket, with hoops round it, and a tube at the bottom, used -for pouring liquids into a cask, in use in Northants, see EDD. (s.v. Tun, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 3 (2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tunnel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tunnel,</span></span> the shaft of a fire-place, chimney. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Crispiano), where <span class='it'>chimney</span> means fire-place; <span class='it'>tonnell</span>, Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 9. 29; ‘Tonnell of a chymney, <span class='it'>tuyau</span>’, Palsgrave; see Dict. (s.v. Tunnel); -<span class='it'>tonnels</span> used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for nostrils, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 3 (Cob).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tup,</span></span> to cover as a ram. Othello, i. 1. 89; iii. 3. 396. <span class='it'>Tup with</span>, to cohabit -with, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 33. ‘Tup’ is in gen. prov. -use for a ram in England and Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turf.</span></span> ‘Turfe of a cap, <span class='it'>rebras</span>’, Palsgrave (<span class='it'>rebras</span> means a turning up, -a tucking upwards or inwards); as vb., to make a turned-up edging for -a hat, ‘The steward would have had the velvet-head (of the stag) . . . to -turf his hat withal’, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 (1 Woodman). -ME. <span class='it'>tyrfe</span>, the rolling back of a sleeve, ‘revolucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 483, -see note, no. 2350); <span class='it'>tirven</span>, to roll back (Havelok, 603).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turgion,</span></span> the name of a dance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, -§ 12. F. ‘<span class='it'>tourdion</span>, a turning, or winding about; also, the dance tearmed -a round’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov. <span class='it'>tordion</span>, ‘sorte de danse’ (Levy). From OF. -<span class='it'>tordre</span>, to twist. See Croft’s note on the word in the Glossary.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Turk.</span></span> ‘A valiant Turk, though not worth tenpence’, Middleton, A -Fair Quarrel, iii. 1 (1 Friend); <span class='it'>a Turk of tenpence</span> (a term of abuse), Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='turken'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turken,</span></span> to wrest, distort; ‘It turkeneth all things at pleasure’, Gascoigne. -Steel Glass (ed. Arber, 37); <span class='it'>turquened</span>, pp., id., Pref. to Poesies; -ed. Hazlitt, i. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turkis,</span></span> the gem turquoise. Milton, Comus, 894. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='turm'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turm,</span></span> a troop. Milton, P. R. iii. 66. L. <span class='it'>turma</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turment,</span></span> a warlike engine; ‘Turmentes of warre’, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 3. OF. <span class='it'>torment</span>, <span class='it'>tourment</span> (Godefroy). Med. L. -<span class='it'>tormentum</span>, a machine for hurling missiles (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turnbroch,</span></span> a turnspit. <span class='it'>Turnebroche</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 80. 2. F. -<span class='it'>tourne-broche</span>, a turn-spit, a dog used for turning a spit.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Turnbull Street,</span></span> a street in Clerkenwell noted for thieves and bad -characters. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 2 (2 Promoter). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turnpike,</span></span> a turnstile that revolved on the top of a post, and was -furnished with pikes. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock). -Also, a revolving frame of pikes, set in a narrow passage to obstruct an -enemy, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turquen;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#turken'>turken</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turquet,</span></span> (perhaps) a puppet dressed as a Turk. Bacon, Essay 37.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>turquois,</span></span> a quiver; ‘A <span class='it'>turquoys</span> that was full of arowes’, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 299, back, 3. OF. <span class='it'>turquois</span>, <span class='it'>turquais</span>, Med. L. <span class='it'>turcasia</span>, -‘pharetra’ (Ducange); also Norm. F. <span class='it'>tarchais</span> (Wace), F. <span class='it'>tarquai</span>s (15th -cent.). Med. Gk. ταρκάσιον, a quiver; Arab, <span class='it'>tarkâsh</span>, of Persian origin, -see Dozy, Glossaire, 250. The mod. F. form is <span class='it'>carquois</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tusk,</span></span> to thrust into or beat bushes, to drive out game; ‘Make them -tuske these woodes’, Lyly, Gallathea, iv. 1 (Telusa).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tutch;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#touch2'>touch</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tutsan, tutsain,</span></span> all-heal; a species of St. John’s wort; <span class='it'>Hypericum -Androsaemum</span>; ‘The healing tutsan’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 204; ‘Of tutsan -or parke-leaues’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. 45. It was considered -a panacea for wounds. F. <span class='it'>tutsan</span>, ‘tutsan, Park-leaves’ (Cotgr.); <span class='it'>Toute-saine</span>, -‘Arbrisseau ainsi nommé, parce que ses feuilles, ses racines, sa -semence sont fort utiles en Médecine’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1786).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tutt,</span></span> a mark; ‘I toucht no tutt’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 94. -‘Tut(t’ is in prov. use in Yorks. for a mark, bound, a stopping place in the -game of rounders, see EDD. (s.v. Tut, sb.<sup>7</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tutty,</span></span> a nosegay. T. Campion, Bk. of Airs, i. 20 (Wks., ed. Bullen, -p. 62); ‘Tutty or Tuzzimuzzy, an old word for a nosegay’, Phillips, 1706. -In common use in the south-west: Hants., Wilts., Dorset, Somerset and -Devon (EDD.). See Prompt. EETS., note, no. 2353 on the word -‘Tytetuste’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twagger,</span></span> a fat lamb. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9. A Sussex word for -a lamb (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twankle,</span></span> to twangle, to play upon a harp; ‘And twancling makes -them tune’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 646. Cp. <span class='it'>twangling</span>, Tam. Shrew, ii. -159. ‘Twankle’ is a Warw. word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tweak,</span></span> a prostitute. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tweche:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>to keep tweche</span>, to keep touch, perform a promise. Wever, -Lusty Juventus, 1. 7; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 47. See EDD. (s.v. Twitch, -vb.<sup>3</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tweer;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#twire1'>twire</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twelve:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>upon twelve</span>, near twelve o’clock; near the dinner-hour; -‘My stomacke is now much upon twelve’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., -i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 175.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twelvepenny-stool gentlemen,</span></span> gentlemen who were allowed to -sit upon a stool upon the stage itself on payment of 12<span class='it'>d.</span> Middleton, -Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='twibill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twibill,</span></span> a double-bladed battle-axe. Spelt <span class='it'>twibbil</span>; Stanyhurst. tr. of -Aeneid, ii. 490 (L. <span class='it'>bipenni</span>, ii. 479). Still in prov. use for a double-headed -axe. see EDD. (s.v. Twybill). OE. <span class='it'>twibill</span>, a two-edged axe (Sweet). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#twybill'>twybill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twig,</span></span> to do anything strenuously, to press (forward); ‘And twigging -forth apace . . . the Egle flue’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 247. A Yorks. -expression, see EDD. (s.v. Twig, vb.<sup>1</sup> 6).</p> - -<div class='blockquote'> - -<p class='pindent'><span class='bold'>twigger,</span> a wanton person, a wencher, Marlowe, Dido, iv. 5. 21; -orig. perhaps applied to a ram, Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 28.</p> - -</div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twiggen,</span></span> made of osiers; cased with osiers or wicker-work; ‘A large -basket or twiggen panier’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, b. xvii, c. 10, 5 § 1; Othello, -ii. 3. 152. A Warw. word (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twight,</span></span> to ‘twit’, upbraid. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 12. ME. <span class='it'>atwite</span>, to -reproach (Laȝamon). OE. <span class='it'>ætwītan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='twight2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twight,</span></span> to twitch, to pull suddenly; ‘No bit nor rein his tender jawes -may twight’, Mirror for Mag. (Nares); used as pt. t. of <span class='it'>twitch</span>, touched, -Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 259 (L. <span class='it'>tetigit</span>). ME. <span class='it'>twykkyn</span>, ‘tractulo’ (Prompt.). -OE. <span class='it'>twiccian</span>, to pluck, catch hold of.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twin,</span></span> to separate one from the other. The World and the Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 244. So in Scotch use: ‘We should never twin -again, except heaven twin’d and sundered us’, Rutherford’s Life (ed. -1761), 234, see EDD. (s.v. Twin, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twin,</span></span> <span class='it'>to be twinned</span>, to be closely united like twins; ‘True liberty . . . -which always with right reason dwells twinned’, Milton, P. L. xii. 85; -B. Jonson, Hue and Cry after Cupid (Vulcan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twink,</span></span> a twinkling. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 312; phr. <span class='it'>with a twink</span>, in -a moment, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Marcella). ‘In a twink’ is in use -in various parts of England and Scotland, meaning in the shortest possible -space of time (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>twynkyn</span> wyth the eye, ‘nicto’ (Prompt.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='twire1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twire,</span></span> to peep, to peep at intervals, to take a stolen glance at a thing; -‘When sparkling stars twire not’, Sonnet xxviii; ‘To see the common -parent of us all, Which maids will twire at ’tween their fingers’, B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 169; spelt <span class='it'>tweer</span>, ‘The -tweering constable’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce, v. 594). -A Wilts. and Berks. word, ‘How he did twire and twire at she!’ (EDD.). -Cp. Germ. dial. (Bavarian) <span class='it'>zwi</span>(<span class='it'>e</span>)<span class='it'>ren</span>, to take a stolen glance at a thing -(Schmeller).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twire pipe,</span></span> a term of abuse; ‘An ass, a twire pipe, a Jeffery John -Bo-peep’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas). For <span class='it'>twire</span>, see above; -<span class='it'>pipe</span> may be identified with the Yorks. word <span class='it'>pipe</span>, to glance at stealthily, -see EDD. (s.v. Pipe, vb.<sup>2</sup>) = F. <span class='it'>piper</span>, ‘to peke or prie’ (Palsgrave). See -Dict. (s.v. Peep, 2). So that <span class='it'>twire pipe</span> is a reduplicated word meaning -a sly peeper.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twissell,</span></span> the part of a tree where the branches divide from the stock; -‘As from a tree we sundrie times espie A <span class='it'>twissell</span> grow by Nature’s subtile -might’, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth to be conjoined, st. 6. See EDD. -(s.v. Twizzle, 8). OE. <span class='it'>twislian</span>, to fork, branch (Hom. ii. 117); ‘twisil -tunge’ (double tongue, Ecclus. v. 14).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='twitch-box'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twitch-box,</span></span> said to be the same as <span class='it'>touch-box</span>, a box containing powder -for <span class='it'>priming</span>; to <span class='it'>prime</span> was to put a little gunpowder into the pan of an -old-fashioned fire-arm. ‘Thy flask [powder-flask] and twitch-box’, Damon -and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 67. See <span class='bold'><a href='#touch-box'>touch-box</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twitter-light,</span></span> twilight. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 1 (2 Court.); -Mere Dissemblers, iii. 1 (Dondolo). Cp. the Yorks. expression, ‘He came -about the twitter of day’, see EDD. (s.v. Twitter, sb.<sup>4</sup> 10).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twone,</span></span> twined; pp. of <span class='it'>twine</span>. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1. 7; <span class='it'>twon</span>, -id., Sophonisba, iii. 1 (first stage-direction).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='twybill'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>twybill,</span></span> a kind of mattock or double axe. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 77. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#twibill'>twibill</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='tyall'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tyall,</span></span> a bell-pull, string, cord; ‘The greate belles clapper was fallen -doune, the <span class='it'>tyal</span> was broken’, Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 172). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#tial'>tial</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tydie,</span></span> some small bird, a titmouse (?), Drayton, Pol. xiii. 79. ME -<span class='it'>tidif</span> (<span class='it'>tydif</span>), a small bird, perhaps the titmouse (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 154).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tyne;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#tine1'>tine</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tyran, tyranne,</span></span> a tyrant. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 98. Hence, -<span class='it'>tyranning</span>, acting the part of a tyrant, F. Q. iv. 7. 1. F. <span class='it'>tyran</span>, L. <span class='it'>tyrannus</span>, -Gk. τύραννος.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>tysant,</span></span> barley-water. Turbervile, Of the divers and contrarie Passions -of his Love, st. 2. ME. <span class='it'>tysane</span>, ‘ptisana’ (Prompt.). F. ‘<span class='it'>tisanne</span>, barly -water’ (Cotgr.), L. <span class='it'>ptisana</span>, pearl-barley, barley-water (Pliny), Gk. πτισάνη, -peeled barley, barley-water (Hippocrates).</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='U'>U</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ubblye;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#obley'>obley</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uberous,</span></span> fertile. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb. ii. 3 (Hengist). -L. <span class='it'>ūber</span>, fertile.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ugsome,</span></span> frightful, horrible. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 1007. Hence -<span class='it'>ugsomnes</span>, terror, ‘The horrour and ugsomenes of death’, Latimer, Sermons -(ed. Arber, p. 185). These words are still in common prov. use with -these meanings in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Ug). ME. <span class='it'>ugsom</span>, -frightful (Dest. Troy, 877).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ulen-spiegel;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#owl-spiegle'>owl-spiegle</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbecast,</span></span> to consider, ponder. Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 25; -bk. xviii, c. 21. ME. <span class='it'>umbecast</span>; ‘In his hert can umbecast’ (Barbour’s -Bruce, v. 552). The prefix is <span class='it'>umbe</span>, OE. <span class='it'>ymbe</span>, around (see Wars Alex., -Glossary).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbered,</span></span> embrowned with umber. Hen. V, v, Chorus, 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umberere;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#umbriere'>umbriere</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='umbles'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbles,</span></span> the ‘numbles’, the entrails of a deer; ‘The umblis of venyson’, -Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1240; Holinshed, i. 204 (Nares); <span class='it'>fig.</span> used for -a man’s bodily parts, ‘Faith, a good well-set fellow, if his spirit Be -answerable to his umbles’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 1 (Trapdoor). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#numbles'>numbles</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbrana,</span></span> a delicate fish. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 1 -(Duke). Nares says: ‘The name of a fish, called also <span class='it'>umbra</span>; in English, -<span class='it'>umber</span> or <span class='it'>grayling</span>; the <span class='it'>Salmo thymullus</span> of Linnaeus.’ Ital. <span class='it'>ombrina</span>, ‘an ombre -or grailing’ (Baretti), cp. F. ‘<span class='it'>umbre</span>, an ombre, or grayling’ (Cotgr.). -Mod. L. <span class='it'>umbrae</span>, ‘tymalli, pisces Hibernis familiares’ (Ducange). Cp. -σκίαινα, the name of a sea-fish (Aristotle).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbratical,</span></span> secluded; applied to teachers who wrote in their own -studies; ‘The umbratical doctors’, B. Jonson, Discoveries, lvii. L. -<span class='it'>umbraticus doctor</span>, a private tutor (Petronius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbratil,</span></span> belonging to the shade; private, secluded. B. Jonson, -Magnetic Lady, iii. 3 (Compass). L. <span class='it'>umbratilis vita</span>, a retired, contemplative -life (Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='umbriere'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>umbriere,</span></span> the movable visor of a helmet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 42; -iv. 4. 44; spelt <span class='it'>umberere</span>, Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 7; bk. viii, ch. 41 -(end). O. Prov. <span class='it'>ombriera</span>, that which gives shade, a tree giving shade -(Levy), deriv. of <span class='it'>ombra</span>, shade, L. <span class='it'>umbra</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>un-,</span></span> negative prefix. Often used where mod. E. has <span class='it'>in-</span>; as in <span class='it'>un-constant</span>, -<span class='it'>un-firm</span>, <span class='it'>un-ordinate</span>; all in Shakespeare. So also North has -<span class='it'>un-honest</span> for <span class='it'>dis-honest</span>, <span class='it'>un-possible</span>, <span class='it'>un-satiable</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unavoided,</span></span> irrefutable. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Physician).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unbe,</span></span> to cease to be. Nero, iii. 3. 26.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unbid,</span></span> without a prayer. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unbolted,</span></span> unsifted, coarse. King Lear, ii. 2. 71. Cp. <span class='it'>bolt</span>, ‘to sift -flour through a sieve or fine cloth’, in prov. use in the north down to -Derbyshire. OF. <span class='it'>buleter</span>, to sift (Hatzfeld, s.v. Bluter).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncandied,</span></span> dissolved out of a candied or solid condition, Two Noble -Kinsmen, i. 1. 115. Cp. <span class='it'>discandy</span>, Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 22.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncape;</span></span> ‘I warrant we’ll unkennel the fox. Let me stop this way -first—so now uncape,’ Merry Wives, iii. 3. 176. Meaning doubtful. -Here are three conjectures: (1) to uncouple (hounds) so Schmidt; (2) -to dig out the fox when earthed (Warburton); (3) to turn the fox out -of the bag (Steevens).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncase,</span></span> to undress. L. L. L. v. 2. 707; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 212.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncharge,</span></span> to acquit from a charge. Hamlet, iv. 7. 68. <span class='it'>Uncharged</span>, -pp., unassailed, Timon, v. 4. 55.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unchary,</span></span> not careful, heedless. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 222.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unclew,</span></span> to unwind from a clew; hence, <span class='it'>fig.</span> to undo, to ruin. Timon, -i. 1. 168.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncoined,</span></span> not minted; hence, not used as common coin, unconventional, -simple. Hen. V, v. 2. 161.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='uncouth'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uncouth,</span></span> unknown, unusual, strange, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; iii. 4. -51; Shep. Kal., Sept., 60. Still in prov. use in this sense in the north -country (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>uncouth</span>, strange, uncommon (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 2497). -OE. <span class='it'>uncūð</span>, unknown, strange (John x. 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>underfong,</span></span> to undertake a work, labour, task; ‘And looser songs of -love to underfong’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 22; id., June, 103; to receive, -to take surreptitiously, F. Q. v. 2. 7; <span class='it'>underfang</span>, Mirror for Mag., -Morindus, st. 6. ME. <span class='it'>underfongyn</span>, ‘suscipio’ (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>underfōn</span>, -to receive, to undertake a task (B. T.); pp. <span class='it'>underfangen</span>. See Dict. M. and S. -(s.vv. Underfon <span class='it'>and</span> Underfangen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>undergo,</span></span> to experience; to endure with firmness, Cymbeline, iii. 2. 7; -to suffer, put up with, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 133; to partake of, to enjoy, -Meas. for M. i. 1. 24; to take upon oneself, to undertake, Two Gent. -v. 4. 42; to be subject to, ‘Claudio undergoes my challenge’, Much Ado, -v. 2. 57.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='undermeal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>undermeal,</span></span> a slight afternoon meal. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 1 -(Cokes). See EDD. (s.v. Undern). ME. <span class='it'>undermele</span>, ‘post meridies’ -(Prompt. EETS. 508); <span class='it'>undermele tyde</span> (Trevisa, tr. Higden, v. 373); <span class='it'>undermeles</span>, -afternoons (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 875); <span class='it'>undern</span> + <span class='it'>mele</span>; <span class='it'>undern</span>, the time -between noon and sunset. OE. <span class='it'>undern</span>. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. -Undern).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>underset,</span></span> to support, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146). ME. -<span class='it'>undersettyn</span> or underschoryn, ‘fulcio, suffulcio’ (Prompt. EETS.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>undertaker,</span></span> a contractor; ‘Let not the government of the plantation -depend upon too many . . . undertakers in the country that planteth’, -Bacon, Essay 33; one who takes upon himself a task or business, Twelfth -Nt. iii. 4. 349; Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 78. Cp. Othello, iv. 1. 224.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>undertime,</span></span> afternoon, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13. For <span class='it'>undern-time</span>. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#undermeal'>undermeal</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>underwork,</span></span> to work secretly against any one; <span class='it'>underwrought</span>, pp., -undermined. King John, ii. 1. 96.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='uneath'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uneath, unneath,</span></span> scarcely, hardly, with difficulty. Spenser, F. Q. -i. 9. 38; i. 10. 31; i. 11. 4; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 8; <span class='it'>unnethes</span>, Shep. Kal., Jan., 6. -ME. <span class='it'>uneth</span> (<span class='it'>unneth</span>) scarcely (Wars Alex. 2060, 4801), also <span class='it'>unethes</span> (<span class='it'>unnethes</span>), -id., 4078, 4437; also in Chaucer, see Glossary. OE. <span class='it'>unēaðe</span> (Gen. xxvii. 30). -See Dict. M. and S. (s v. Uneaðe).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unequal,</span></span> unjust. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 1 (Mosca); Massinger, -Emp. of the East, v. 2 (Theodosius); Ant. and Cl. ii. 5. 101; 2 Hen. IV, -iv. 1. 102; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Ezek. xviii. 25 (<span class='it'>unequal</span> = Vulg. <span class='it'>pravus</span>). See Trench, -Sel. Gl. See <span class='bold'><a href='#equal'>equal</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unexpressive,</span></span> inexpressible. As You Like it, iii. 2. 10; Milton, -Christ’s Nativity, 116; Lycidas, 176.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unfolding;</span></span> ‘The unfolding star calls up the shepherd’, Meas. for M. -iv. 2. 218. The star that by its rising tells the shepherd that it is time -to release the sheep from the fold. [So Collins in his Ode to Evening, 72, -refers to the evening-star as the <span class='it'>folding-star</span>, the star rising at folding -time: ‘When thy folding-star arising shows His paly circlet’; cp. Shelley -in Hellas, 221, ‘The powers of earth and air Fled from the folding star -of Bethlehem’.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhappily,</span></span> unfortunately, with regret be it said. Meas. for M. i. 2. -160; mischievously, with evil result, Lucrece, 8; evilly, King Lear, i. -2. 157; Sonnet 66.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhappy,</span></span> mischievous, evil, trickish, All’s Well, iv. 5. 66; ill-omened, -Cymb. v. 5. 153; wicked, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, Prologue; -waggish, Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 2 (Olympia); unfortunate, Spenser, -F. Q. i. 2. 22.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhatched,</span></span> unhacked, not blunted by blows. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 257; -<span class='it'>unhatcht</span>, unmarked, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 5 (Oriana). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#hatched'>hatched</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhatched,</span></span> not hatched, not yet brought to light. Hamlet, i. 3. 65; -Othello, iii. 4. 141.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='unhele'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhele, unheale,</span></span> to uncover. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 64; iv. 5. 10; -Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (near end). See <span class='bold'><a href='#heal'>heal</a></span> (to cover).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unherse,</span></span> to take down (arms) from the ‘hearse’, or temporary stand -on which they were placed; part of the ceremony of <span class='it'>baffling</span>. Spenser, F. Q. -v. 3. 37. See <span class='bold'><a href='#hearse'>hearse</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unhouseled,</span></span> without having received the last sacrament. Hamlet, -i. 5. 77. Deriv. of ME. <span class='it'>housel</span> (P. Plowman, B. xix. 390); OE. <span class='it'>hūsl</span> (<span class='it'>hūsel</span>), -the consecrated bread in the Eucharist (Ælfric), Goth. <span class='it'>hunsl</span>, ‘sacrificium’ -(Matt. ix. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Housel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unicorn’s horn,</span></span> a supposed antidote to poison. B. Jonson, Ev. Man -out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). ‘This beast in countenance is cruell and -wilde, and yet notwithstanding mixed with a certaine sweetnes or -amiablenes. His horne is of a merveilous greate force and vertue against -Venome and poyson,’ Blundevile, Exercises; see Bible Word-Book (s.v. -Unicorn).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unimproved,</span></span> not yet used for advantage. Hamlet, i. 1. 96. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#improve'>improve</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>union,</span></span> a fine pearl. Hamlet, v. 2. 283; Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 231. -Anglo-F. <span class='it'>union</span> (Bestiary, 1482); see Rough List; L. <span class='it'>unio</span>, a single pearl of -a large size.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unjust,</span></span> dishonest. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 30; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Luke xvi. 8.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unkind,</span></span> unnatural. Spenser, F. Q., iii. 2. 43; King Lear, iii. 4. 73.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unlast,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> of <span class='it'>unlace</span>, to unfasten. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 39.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unlefull,</span></span> forbidden. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 61. See <span class='bold'><a href='#lefull'>lefull</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unlived,</span></span> deprived of life. Lucrece, 1754.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unmanned,</span></span> unaccustomed to man, untamed, as a hawk. B. Jonson, -Sad Shepherd, iii. 2 (Karol); Romeo, iii. 2. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unmorris’d,</span></span> not dressed like a morris-dancer. Fletcher, Women -Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>un-napt,</span></span> not provided with nap, as cloth; hence, unfurnished, unprovided. -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, i. 1. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unnethes;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#uneath'>uneath</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unowed,</span></span> unowned. King John, iv. 3. 147.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unperegall,</span></span> unequalled. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iv. 5 (end). -See <span class='bold'><a href='#peregall'>peregall</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unpregnant,</span></span> unapt for business. Meas. for M. iv. 4. 23; <span class='it'>unpregnant -of</span>, having no intelligent sense of, Hamlet, ii. 2. 595. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pregnant2'>pregnant</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='unqueat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unqueat,</span></span> unquiet, disquieted. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 16, -st. 65. See <span class='bold'><a href='#queat'>queat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unquestionable,</span></span> averse from conversation, uncommunicative. As -You Like It, iii. 2. 393.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unquod,</span></span> unusual, strange; ‘Vnquod manor of crueltee’, Udall, tr. -of Apoph., Augustus, § 59. A contaminated form, see EDD. (s.vv. Uncouth -and Unkid). In <span class='it'>unkid</span> the <span class='it'>-kid</span> = OE. (<span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>cȳdd</span>, contraction of <span class='it'>cȳðed</span>, -pp. of <span class='it'>cȳðan</span>, to make known. See <span class='bold'><a href='#uncouth'>uncouth</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='unready'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unready,</span></span> not fully dressed. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 39; <span class='it'>to make unready</span>, to -undress, Fletcher, Island Princess, iii. 8. 13. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unrecovered,</span></span> irrecoverable. Chapman, Iliad ix, 247.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unreduct,</span></span> unreduced. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1 (Gerardine).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unreproved,</span></span> irreproachable. Chapman, Iliad i, 87; ii, 785.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unrespective,</span></span> devoid of consideration, unthinking. Richard III, -iv. 2. 29; used at random, without consideration, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 71.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unrude,</span></span> rough, violent. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum., iv. 1. Cp. -the obs. Scottish <span class='it'>unrude</span> (hideous, horrible, vile), given in Jamieson (EDD.). -ME. <span class='it'>unrüde</span> (Stratmann); <span class='it'>unride</span> (<span class='it'>unrode</span>), cruel, rough, wanton (Wars -Alex.). OE. <span class='it'>ungerȳde</span>, rough, violent, cp. <span class='it'>ungerȳdu</span>, ‘aspera’ (Luke iii. 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unseeled,</span></span> not fastened up, opened; applied to the eyes. B. Jonson, -Catiline, i. 1 (Cethegus). See <span class='bold'><a href='#seel'>seel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unshed,</span></span> not carefully parted; said of hair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40. -‘To shed’ is in prov. use in the north country for making a parting in the -hair of the head (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>scheden</span>, to separate, to part the hair; <span class='it'>schede</span>, -the parting of a man’s hair (Cath. Angl.); OE. <span class='it'>scēada</span>, the top of the head, -parting of the hair, <span class='it'>scēadan</span>, to part, to make a line of separation between -(B. T.). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Scheden).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unstanched,</span></span> (of thirst) insatiable. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 6. 83.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unsuffered,</span></span> insufferable. Chapman, Iliad iii, 6.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='untappice'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untappice,</span></span> to come out of hiding; ‘Now I’ll untappice’, Massinger, -A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tappish'>tappish</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untempering,</span></span> not having a modifying or softening influence. Hen. V, -v. 2. 241; <span class='it'>temper</span>, to fashion, mould, Richard III, i. 1. 65; Titus, iv. 4. -109. L. <span class='it'>temperare</span>, to temper, moderate, qualify.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untented,</span></span> not to be probed by a ‘tent’; hence, incurable. King Lear, -i. 4. 322. See Dict. (s.v. Tent, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untermed,</span></span> interminable, endless. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, iii. 3 (Duke).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untewed,</span></span> not dressed like hemp; hence, not combed out, said of -a sheep’s fleece. Lyly, Endimion, ii. 2 (Sir Tophas). See <span class='bold'><a href='#tew2'>tew</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unthrift,</span></span> prodigal, wasteful. Timon, iv. 3. 311; a prodigal, good-for-nothing -person, Richard II, ii. 3. 122. Cp. the Yorks. expression, ‘He’s -a desperate unthrift’, for a thriftless squanderer, a good-for-nothing -person (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untraded,</span></span> not commonly used. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 178. See <span class='bold'><a href='#trade'>trade</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untrussed,</span></span> partially undressed, with the laces of his hose untied. -Middleton, The Witch, v. 1. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='untwight'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>untwight,</span></span> untouched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 345; spelt <span class='it'>ontwight</span> (L. -<span class='it'>incolumis</span>), id., ii. 88. See <span class='bold'><a href='#twight2'>twight</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unvalued,</span></span> inestimable, invaluable. Richard III, i. 4. 27; Fletcher, -Valentinian, i. 2. 19.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='unwappered'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwappered,</span></span> not jaded, not worn out. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. -10. ‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word, ‘Thy horse is wappered out’, i.e. tired -out, quite jaded (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwares,</span></span> unawares, unexpectedly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 18; undesignedly, -3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 62; <span class='it'>at unwares</span>, unexpectedly, Gascoigne (ed. -Hazlitt, i. 434).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwary,</span></span> unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 25. The usual ME. form -was <span class='it'>unwar</span>; as in Chaucer, used as an adj. unexpected, and as an adv. -unexpectedly.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwist,</span></span> unknown, unsuspected. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 26. ME. <span class='it'>unwist</span>, -unknown (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1294).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>unwreaken,</span></span> unavenged. Tancred and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 86. ME. <span class='it'>wreken</span>, pp. avenged; <span class='it'>wreke</span>, to avenge -(Chaucer), OE. <span class='it'>wrecan</span>, pp. <span class='it'>ge</span>)<span class='it'>wrecen</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upbraid,</span></span> a reproach; ‘He . . . with his mind had known Much better -the upbraids of men’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vi. 389. ME. <span class='it'>upbreyd</span>, a -reproach (Handlyng Synne, 5843). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upbray,</span></span> to ‘upbraid’, reproach. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 45. In prov. use -in north Yorks. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uphild,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> upheld. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 21.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uppen,</span></span> to ‘open’, reveal, relate. Golding, Metam. xii. 162; fol. 145, -l. 5 (1603). Cp. the E. Anglian expressions, ‘You didn’t uppen it, did ye? -Be sewer don’t uppen it ta nobody’, where ‘uppen’ means to disclose, -reveal (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upright men,</span></span> ‘vagabonds who were strong enough to be chiefs or -magistrates among their fellows; one of the twenty-four orders of beggars’ -(Aydelotte, p. 27). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 2; Harman, Caveat -(New Shaks. Soc, p. 34).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upsey,</span></span> in the following combinations: <span class='it'>Upsey-Dutch</span>, in the Dutch -fashion, B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4 (Subtle), whence the phr. <span class='it'>to drink -upsey Dutch</span>, to drink to excess, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii 1. 3; <span class='it'>Upsey-Freeze</span>, -in the Frisian fashion, The Shrift (Nares); Dekker, Belman; id., -Seven Deadly Sins (Nares); <span class='it'>Upsey-English</span>, in the English way, Beaumont -and Fl., Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen). [Cp. ‘Drink upsees out’, in the -Soldier’s Song in Scott’s Lady of the Lake, vi. 5.] Du. <span class='it'>op zyn</span>: <span class='it'>op zyn -Engelsch</span>, after the English fashion (Sewel, s.v. Op). Du. <span class='it'>zyn</span> (now spelt -<span class='it'>zin</span>) = G. <span class='it'>sinn</span>, sense, meaning.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upsitting,</span></span> a festival when a woman sits up after her confinement. -Westward Ho, v. 1 (Mist. Tenterhook); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 -(Oldrents); Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, ii. 1 (Valere); ‘<span class='it'>Relevailles -d’une femme</span>, the upsitting’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>upspring,</span></span> the name of a dance. Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘An Almain and an -upspring’, Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Bohemia).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ure,</span></span> operation, action. Esp. in phr. <span class='it'>to put in ure</span>, Ferrex and Porrex, -iv. 2 (Porrex); Greene. Alphonsus, Prol. (Venus). OF. <span class='it'>ure</span>, <span class='it'>eure</span>, L. <span class='it'>opera</span>, -work, action. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ure2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ure,</span></span> destiny; ‘Wherefore he hathe good ure, That can hymselfe assure -Howe fortune wyll endure,’ Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1003. Hence, as vb. -<span class='it'>to be ured</span>, to be invested with as by a decree of fate, ‘Men nowe a dayes -so unhappely be uryd’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6. See <span class='bold'><a href='#eure'>eure</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>usance,</span></span> interest paid for money, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 46. A rare -meaning of the word; it gen. means the same as ‘usage’. ME. <span class='it'>usaunce</span>, -custom (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 683). Norm. F. <span class='it'>usance</span>, ‘usage, mise en -pratique, exercice d’un pouvoir’ (Moisy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>uses,</span></span> practical applications of doctrines; a term affected by the -Puritans, and ridiculed by the dramatists. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, -iii. 1 (Needle); Massinger, Emp. of the East, iii. 2 (Flaccilla).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>utas,</span></span> the period of eight days beginning with a festival; hence, -merriment, festivity; ‘Utas of a feest, <span class='it'>octaves</span>’, Palsgrave; ‘Old utis’ -(i.e. high merriment), 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 22. ‘Utis’ still survives in prov. -use in Worc. in the sense of noise, din: ‘The hounds kicked up a deuce of -a utis’ (EDD.). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>utaves</span> (Rough List); L. <span class='it'>octava</span> (<span class='it'>dies</span>), eighth day; -for ecclesiastical use see Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Octave). See Dict. -(s.v. Utas).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>utter,</span></span> to put forth, put in circulation, offer for sale, put on the market. -L. L. L. ii. 1. 16; Romeo, v. 1. 67; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 330; Fletcher, -Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); Sir T. Elyot, Governour, iii. 30, § 2; Stanyhurst, -tr. Aeneid, i. 448. Hence <span class='it'>utterance</span>, sale, ‘There is no such speedie utterance -of rabbets’, Harrison, Descr. of England, bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, -p. 304).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='utterance'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>utterance:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to the utterance</span>, to the last extremity, Macbeth, iii. -1. 72. F. <span class='it'>à outrance</span>; <span class='it'>combat à outrance</span>, a fight to the death; deriv. of <span class='it'>outre</span>, -L. <span class='it'>ultra</span>, beyond.</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='V'>V</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vacabonde,</span></span> a wandering beggar, a ‘vagabond’; ‘Fraternitye of -Vacabondes’, Awdeley (title of book, 1565). Norm. F. <span class='it'>vacabond</span>, ‘vagabond’ -(Moisy); F. ‘<span class='it'>vacabonds</span>, vagabonds, rogues’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.vv. -Vagabond <span class='it'>and</span> Vagrant).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vacate,</span></span> to annul, to make void, to make of no authority; ‘That after-act -vacating the authority of the precedent’, King Charles (Johnson); to -render vain, to frustrate, Dryden, Don Sebastian, ii. 1 (Dorax). Med. L. -<span class='it'>vac</span>(<span class='it'>u</span>)<span class='it'>are</span>, ‘inane, irritum et vacuum efficere’ (Ducange), see Rönsch, -Vulgata, 171.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vade,</span></span> to vanish, pass away; ‘Their vapour vaded’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. -9. 20; ‘How ever gay their blossome or their blade Doe flourish now, -they into dust shall vade’, id., v. 2. 40; Ruines of Rome, xx; Shaks. -Sonnets, liv. 14; to fade, ‘Upon her head a chaplet stood of never vading -greene’, Niccols, Induction, Mirror for Mag. 559 (Nares); Richard II, -i. 2. 20.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vah,</span></span> an interjection; ‘No, vah! Fie, I scorn it’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, v. 1 (Eyre).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vail,</span></span> to lower, to let fall; ‘She vailed her eyelids’, Venus and Ad. -956; Hamlet, i. 2. 70; to bow, to stoop, to do homage, Pericles, iv, Prol. -29. ME. <span class='it'>avale</span>, to lower (Gower, C. A. viii. 1619). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>avaler</span>, to -lower (Gower, Mirour, 10306).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vails,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span>, profits or perquisites that arise to servants besides their -salary or wages. Pericles, ii. 1. 163; Dryden, Juvenal, Sat. iii. 311. In -prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Vail, 2). <span class='it'>Vail</span> is a shortened form for <span class='it'>avail</span>. -ME. <span class='it'>avayle</span>, ‘profectus, proventus, emolumentum’ (Prompt. EETS. 17).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>valance,</span></span> a fringe of drapery; ‘Rich cloth of tissue and vallance of -black silk’, Strype, Eccles. Mem., Funeral Solemnities of Henry VIII; -a part of bed-hangings, ‘<span class='it'>Valenzana del letto</span>, the valances of a bed’, Florio -(ed. 1598). Hence <span class='it'>valanced</span>, fringed, used <span class='it'>fig.</span> of a beard, Hamlet, ii. 2. -442. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>valew,</span></span> valour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29; Harington, tr. Ariosto, xiii. -39. F. ‘<span class='it'>valuë</span>, worth, goodness’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>valiant,</span></span> worth, amounting to in value; ‘Four hundred a year valiant, -worth £400 a year’, Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 1 (Witgood). F. <span class='it'>vaillant</span>, -‘a mans whole estate or worth, all his substance, means, fortunes’ -(Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>valens</span>, ‘valor, pretium’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vall,</span></span> a vale. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 479. F. ‘<span class='it'>val</span>, a vale’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vallies,</span></span> ‘valise’. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (near the end). See -Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>valure,</span></span> value, worth. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 506); Pembroke, -Arcadia (Nares); Mirror for Mag. 280; hence, <span class='it'>valurous</span>, valuable, -Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (Tamb.). See Dict. (s.v. Valour).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vannes,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span> wings, Milton, P. L. ii. 927. Cp. Ital. <span class='it'>vanni</span>, ‘the whole -wings of any bird’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vance,</span></span> to ‘advance’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 7.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vantbrace,</span></span> the ‘vambrace’, armour for the fore-arm, Milton, Samson, -1121; Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 297. F. <span class='it'>avant-bras</span>, ‘the part of the arm which -extends from the elbow to the wrist; also, a vambrace armour for an -arm’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vantguard,</span></span> the ‘vanguard’, front rank. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. -266. ME. <span class='it'>vaunt-gard</span> (Holinshed, Chron. Edw. III, ann. 1346; F. <span class='it'>avant-garde</span>, -‘the vanguard of an army’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vapour,</span></span> fume, steam; used, like <span class='it'>humour</span>, to denote a man’s characteristic -quality, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii (passim). See full account of -this use of the word in Nares (s.v.). Cp. the use of the F. word <span class='it'>vapeurs</span>. -‘On appelle <span class='it'>Vapeurs</span> dans le corps humain, Les affections hypocondriaques -& hystériques, parce qu’on les croyoit causées par des fumées élevées de -l’estemac ou du bas ventre vers le cerveau’, Dict. de l’Acad. (ed. 1762).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='vardingale'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vardingale,</span></span> a ‘farthingale’. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 434. This is the form in Cotgrave (s.vv. Vertugalle -and Vertugadin). F. <span class='it'>verdugale</span> (Rabelais); ‘sorte de cerceau, panier ou -jupon bouffant pour seutenir les jupes’ (Jannet’s Gloss.). Span. <span class='it'>verdugado</span>, -‘a Petticoat . . . set out below with a small Hoop, below with one -wider and so wider and wider down to the Feet, so that it looks exactly -like a Funnel’ (Stevens). See <span class='bold'><a href='#verdugal'>verdugal</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vare,</span></span> a wand. Dryden, Absalom, 595. Span. <span class='it'>vára</span>, a wand (Stevens.)</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vastidity,</span></span> immensity. Meas. for M. iii. 1. 69.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vasty,</span></span> vast, spacious. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 52.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='vaunt'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vaunt,</span></span> the beginning; ‘Our play leaps o’er the vaunt and firstlings -of those broils’, Tr. and Cr., Prel. 27. <span class='it'>Vaunt-courier</span>, a forerunner, King -Lear, iii. 2. 25; cp. F. <span class='it'>avant-coureur</span>, ‘a fore-runner, avant-curror’ (Cotgr.); -see <span class='bold'><a href='#voward'>voward</a>.</span> F. <span class='it'>avant</span>, before, used of place and time.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vaut,</span></span> to ‘vault’, to leap. Ascham, Scholemaster, 64; Drayton, Pol. vi. -51; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); hence <span class='it'>vawter</span>, a ‘vaulter’, -tumbler, dancer; used of a wanton woman, Gosson, School of Abuse, 36.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vease,</span></span> a rush, impetus, great effort, force; ‘Forth his vease he set -withall’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 962. See EDD. (s.v. Fease, sb. 6). -ME. <span class='it'>vese</span>: ‘Ther-out cam a rage and such a vese that it made al the gates -for to rese’ (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1985); see NED. (s.v. Feeze). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#feeze'>feeze</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vecture,</span></span> carrying, conveying, carriage of goods. Bacon, Essay 15, -§ 11. L. <span class='it'>vectura</span>, a carrying, conveying, transportation by carriage or -ship (Cicero).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>veget,</span></span> lively, bright; ‘A veget spark’, Cartwright, The Ordinary, -iv. 3 (Shape). L. <span class='it'>vegetus</span>, lively.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vegetive,</span></span> a vegetable. Pericles, iii. 2. 36; Massinger, Old Law, i -(Nares); as adj. ‘The tree still panted in th’ unfinish’d part, Not wholly -vegetive, and heav’d her heart’, Dryden, Ovid, Metam. bk. i (Daphne).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>velure,</span></span> velvet. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 62; <span class='it'>vellure</span>, Beaumont and Fl., -Noble Gent. v. 1 (Nares). F. <span class='it'>velours</span>, velvet; cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>velos</span> (Levy), L. -<span class='it'>villosus</span>, shaggy (Virgil); see Hatzfeld.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>velvet-tip,</span></span> the down or velvet upon the first sprouting horns of a -young deer. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Spadone).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='vena'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vena porta,</span></span> or <span class='it'>gate-vaine</span> (gate-vein), a vein conveying chyle from the -stomach to the liver. Bacon, Essay 19, § 11; 41, § 2. L. <span class='it'>vena</span>, vein; -<span class='it'>porta</span>, gate. See <span class='bold'><a href='#gate-vein'>gate-vein</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>venditation,</span></span> ostentatious display. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxii, -Not. 8 (p. 747). L. <span class='it'>venditatio</span>, an offering for sale, display; <span class='it'>venditare</span>, to -offer again and again for sale.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>venerie,</span></span> hunting. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 22. ME. <span class='it'>venerye</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> -166). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>venerie</span> (Gower, Mirour, 20314).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Venetians,</span></span> Venetian or Venice hose. Three Ladies of London, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344; <span class='it'>Venetian-hosen</span> (described), Stubbes, Anat. of -Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 56).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vengeable,</span></span> revengeful, cruel, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 6, § 3; -Spenser, ii. 4. 30, 46; terrible, ‘Magdeburg be vengeable fellows’, Ascham, -Letter to Raven, 381 (Nares); excessively great, ‘Paulus . . . was a vengible -fellow in linking matters together’, Holland’s Camden, p. 78 (Davies); -excessively, ‘The drink is vengeable bitter’, Gascoigne, Glasse Gov. v. 1 -(ed. 1870). See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vent,</span></span> a small inn. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess); Shelton, -tr. Don Quixote, Pt. I. ii. Span. <span class='it'>venta</span>, an inn (Stevens). Med. L. <span class='it'>venta</span>, -‘locus ubi merees venum exponuntur’ (Ducange); <span class='it'>vendita</span>, see Ducange -(s.v. Venda, 1); deriv. of L. <span class='it'>vendere</span>, to sell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vent,</span></span> to vend, sell. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1. 8; a sale, -Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146); Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 27. -F. <span class='it'>vente</span>, sale. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vent,</span></span> to snuff up or take in the air; to perceive by scent. B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 118; Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Feb., 75.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vent,</span></span> to let out, emit, Coriolanus, i. 1. 229; to utter, Ant. and Cl. iii. -4. 8 (common in Shaks.); to give birth to, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xix. 97.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ventages,</span></span> small holes for the passage of air in a flute or flageolet, to -be stopped with a finger. Hamlet, iii. 2. 372.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ventanna,</span></span> a window. Dryden, Conq. of Granada, I. i. 1 (Boabdelin). -Span. <span class='it'>ventana</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ventilate,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> discussed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 3. -L. <span class='it'>ventilatus</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>ventilare</span>, to winnow grain, to toss grain into the air in -order to cleanse it from chaff (Pliny).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ventoy,</span></span> a fan. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2. 4. F. ‘<span class='it'>ventau</span>, -a fan’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ver,</span></span> spring. Surrey, Complaint of a Lover, 19 (Tottel’s Misc. 8 and 11); -spelt <span class='it'>vere</span>, ‘The rotys take theyr sap in tyme of vere’, Skelton, On Tyme, -24. O. Prov. <span class='it'>ver</span>, ‘printemps’ (Levy), L. <span class='it'>ver</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>verdea wine,</span></span> a wine made of a green grape; and sold at Florence. -Beaumont and Fl., ii. 1 (Miramont). Ital. <span class='it'>verdéa</span>, ‘a kind of white pleasant -dainty Ladies wine in Tuscany’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='verdugal'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>verdugal,</span></span> a ‘farthingale’; ‘Stiffe bombasted verdugals’, Florio’s -Montaigne (ed. Morley, 1886, p. 273). See <span class='bold'><a href='#vardingale'>vardingale</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>verdugo,</span></span> a Spanish word for an executioner, a hangman (Stevens); -hence, <span class='it'>his Verdugo-ship</span>, a contemptuous expression for a Spaniard, B. Jonson, -Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vespillo,</span></span> among the Romans, one who carried out the poor for burial; -a corpse-bearer. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. I, § 38. L. <span class='it'>vespillo</span> -(Suetonius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vex,</span></span> to be grieved about anything. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1. 7. -In prov. use from Worc. to the Isle of Wight, ‘ ’Er little girl died, and ’er -vex’d and vex’d so’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>via!,</span></span> away!, move on! Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 11; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, -ii. 3 (Launcelot). Ital. <span class='it'>via</span>, ‘an adverbe of encouraging, much used by -riders to their horses, and by commanders; go on, away, go to, on, forward, -quickly’, Florio. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Vice</span></span> or <span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Iniquity,</span></span> names for the established buffoon in the old -Moralities; ‘How like you the Vice in the Play?’, B. Jonson, Staple -of News (ed. 1860, p. 388); ‘Thus like the formal Vice, Iniquity, I -moralize’, Richard III, iii. 1. 82. See Schmidt, and Nares (svv. Iniquity -and Vice).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='vice'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vice,</span></span> an iron press with a screw for holding things fast, 2 Hen. IV, ii. -1. 24; to hold one fast as in a ‘vice’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 416. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vide-ruff,</span></span> an old card-game; obsolete. Heywood, A Woman killed, -iii. 2 (Cranwell). Prob. <span class='it'>vide</span> = <span class='it'>vied</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>vie</span>, a term in card-playing; -see <span class='bold'><a href='#vie1'>vie</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='vie1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vie,</span></span> to hazard or put down a certain sum upon a hand at cards; <span class='it'>to revie</span>, -to cover that stake with a larger sum; after which, the first challenger -could <span class='it'>revie</span> again; and so on. ‘Here’s a trick vied and revied!’, B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 (Well-bred); <span class='it'>Vie and revie</span>, Drayton, Muses’ -Elysium, Nymphal ii, § last; see Gifford’s note. See below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vie with,</span></span> to show in comparison or competition with; ‘So with the -dove of Paphos might the crow vie feathers white’, Pericles, iv, Prol. 33. -ME. <span class='it'>envỳe</span>, to show in competition (Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 173, MS. -Fairfax). F. <span class='it'>envier</span> (au jeu), ‘to vie’ (Cotgr.); Ital. <span class='it'>invitare</span> (al giuoco), to -vie at any game (Florio); cp. Span. <span class='it'>envidar</span>, to invite or open the game by -staking a certain sum (Neuman). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vild,</span></span> vile. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 46; v. 11. 18. A very common form in -Tudor English.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>viliaco,</span></span> a scoundrel. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. v. 3 -(Sogliardo). Ital. <span class='it'>vigliacco</span>, ‘a rascal, a scurvy scoundrel’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vilify,</span></span> to hold cheap. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 3 (Forobosco). -Late L. <span class='it'>vilificare</span> (Tertullian).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>villatic,</span></span> belonging to a farm; hence, domestic; ‘Tame villatic fowl’, -Milton, Samson, 1695. L. <span class='it'>villaticus</span>, belonging to a farm. L. <span class='it'>villa</span>, a -country-house, farm.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vine-dee,</span></span> a kind of wine. Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). -Supposed to represent F. <span class='it'>vin de Dieu</span>, or lacrima-Christi.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='viol-de-gamboys'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>viol-de-gamboys,</span></span> a bass-viol, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 27. Ital. <span class='it'>viola di gamba</span>, -‘a violl de gamba’ (Florio). So called because placed beside the leg -instead of (like the violin) on the arm. Ital. <span class='it'>gamba</span>, the leg. See -<span class='bold'><a href='#de'>de gambo</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>virelay,</span></span> a lay or song with a ‘veering’ arrangement of the rimes. -Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 365. See Nares. F. <span class='it'>virelay</span>, ‘a virelay, round, -freemans song’; <span class='it'>virer</span>, ‘to veer, turn round’ (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>virge, verge,</span></span> a wand. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 3 (Seriben). -F. <span class='it'>verge</span>, a rod, wand (Cotgr.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>virginals,</span></span> an instrument of the spinnet kind, but made rectangular, -like a small pianoforte. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 -(2 Citizen); Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown). Also called <span class='it'>a pair of -virginals</span>, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, ch. iii. Their name was probably -derived from their being used by young girls. Hence, <span class='it'>virginalling</span>, lit. playing -on the virginals, ‘Still virginalling upon his palm!’, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. -125 (a word coined in jealous indignation). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>visage,</span></span> to look in the face, gaze on. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, book ii, -c. 2, § 3. ‘<span class='it'>I vysage</span>, I make contenaunce to one, <span class='it'>Ie visaige</span>’, Palsgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>visitate,</span></span> to survey, behold. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 161.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vively,</span></span> in a life-like manner. Marston, Sophonisba, iv. 1. 154. F. <span class='it'>vif</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vives;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#fives'>fives</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>voider,</span></span> a basket or tray for carrying out the relics of a dinner or other -meal. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo); ‘<span class='it'>Mésciróbba</span>, -any great dish, platter, charger, voider, tray or pan’, Florio; ‘Enter . . . -serving-men, one with a voider and a wooden knife’, T. Heywood, Woman -Killed with Kindness (The wooden knife emptied the remnants of the -food into the ‘voider’); ‘Piers Ploughman laid the cloth and Simplicity -brought in the voider’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, i; ‘Voyder, <span class='it'>lanx</span>’, Levins, -Manip. In prov. use for a butler’s tray, or a large open basket; in -west Yorks. it is the usual word for a clothes-basket (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>volary,</span></span> a great cage for birds; ‘(she sits) Like the forsaken turtle, in -the volary Of the Light Heart, the cage’, B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1 -(Prudence). Ital. <span class='it'>voleria</span>, ‘a volery or great cage for birds’ (Florio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>voley:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>on the voley, o’ the volèe</span>, inconsiderately. Massinger, Picture, -iii. 6. 1; B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Prudence). F. <span class='it'>à la volée</span>, ‘rashly, -inconsiderately, at random, at rovers’; <span class='it'>volée</span>, flight, <span class='it'>voler</span>, to fly (Cotgr.). -See Nares (s.v. Volée).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>voluptie,</span></span> sensual pleasure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11, § 16; -bk. iii, c. 20, § 1. F. <span class='it'>volupté</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>volvell,</span></span> an instrument consisting of graduated and figured circles -drawn on the leaf of a book, to the centre of which is attached one -movable circle or more; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, -Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1517. Fully described by Dyce, ii. 336. Med. L. -<span class='it'>volvella</span>, <span class='it'>volvellum</span>; from L. <span class='it'>volvere</span>, to revolve.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vor, vore;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#che'>che vor</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vorloffe,</span></span> ‘furlough’. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (Picklock). -Du. ‘<span class='it'>verlof</span>, leave, consent or permission’ (Hexham); Dan. <span class='it'>forlov</span>, leave, -furlough, cp. G. <span class='it'>verlaub</span>, leave, permission.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>votaress,</span></span> a woman that is under a vow. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 123, -163; <span class='it'>votress</span>, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 225.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vote,</span></span> an ardent wish, a prayer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, -iv. 2 (Alcidon); Massinger, Guardian, v. 1 (Severino). L. <span class='it'>votum</span>, a desire, -an ardent longing (Horace).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='voward'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>voward,</span></span> for <span class='it'>vaward</span>, <span class='it'>vanward</span>, vanguard, North’s Plutarch, M. Brutus, -§ 29 (in Shak. Plut., p. 142); id., § 31, p. 147. F. <span class='it'>avant-garde</span>, vanguard. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#vaunt'>vaunt</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>vowess,</span></span> a widow who made a vow to observe chastity in honour of -her deceased husband; ‘In that church (Oseneie) lieth this ladie -(Editha, wife of Robert d’Oyly) buried with hir image . . . in the habit -of a vowesse’, Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, p. 74); -Leland’s Itinerary (ed. Toulmin Smith, Pt. I, 83, 112, 124). In the church -of Shalstone in Bucks. there is a monumental brass to the memory of -Susan Kingstone, step-sister of Sir T. Elyot, on which she is described as -a ‘vowess’; she died in the year 1540. For the widow’s vow of chastity, -see Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, 70, footnote); Fosbrooke, British Monachism, -510.</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='W'>W</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wae;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#woe'>woe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wafer-woman,</span></span> a seller of wafer-cakes, freq. mentioned in the dramatists -as employed in amorous embassies; ‘Am I not able . . . to deliver -a letter handsomely? . . . Why every wafer-woman will undertake it’, -Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, i. 3. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, ii. -1 (Valerio); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). Cp. what Chaucer -says of <span class='it'>wafereres</span> (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 479).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waff,</span></span> to wave, waft; ‘He waffes [wafts] an armie out of France’, -Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iii, ch. 18; <span class='it'>waft</span>, waved, beckoned; Merch. -Ven. v. 1. 11. Still in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Waff, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1), -and in the north Midlands (Dr. Henry Bradley). See <span class='bold'><a href='#waft2'>waft</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='waft1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waft,</span></span> a passing smell or taste, a ‘twang’. A Mad World, iv. 3 (near -end); spelt <span class='it'>weft</span>, ‘Ill malting is theft, Wood-dride hath a weft’ (i.e. malt -wood-dried has a tang), Tusser, Husbandry, § 84. See EDD. (s.v. Waft, -sb.<sup>1</sup> 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='waft2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waft,</span></span> to wave; ‘Wafts her hand’, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1 -(Admetus); vol. v, p. 100; to convey by water, King John, ii. 1. 73; -2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 116; to invite by a motion of the hand, ‘Whom Fortune -with her ivory hand wafts to her’, Timon, i. 1. 70; Hamlet, i. 4. 78; to -turn quickly, ‘Wafting his eyes to the contrary’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 372; to -float, ‘Satan . . . now with ease wafts on the calmer wave’, Milton, P. L. -ii. 1042.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waftage,</span></span> passage by water, Tr. and Cr. iii. 2. 11.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wafture,</span></span> the act of waving; ‘With an angry wafture of your hand’, -Jul. Caes. ii. 1. 246. See <span class='bold'><a href='#waft2'>waft</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wage,</span></span> to stake as a wager; ‘The King hath waged with him six Barbary -horses’, Hamlet, v. 2. 154; King Lear, i. 1. 158; to reward with -wages, Coriolanus, v. 6. 40; to barter, exchange, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 18; -to be opposed in combat, to contend, to strive, ‘To wage against the -enmity o’ the air’, King Lear, ii. 4. 212; Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Valerius); -iii. 2 (Mar. Claudius).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wag-halter.</span></span> Once a common term for a rogue or gallows-bird, one -who is likely to make a halter wag or shake; ‘A wag-halter page’, Ford, -The Fancies, i. 2; ‘<span class='it'>Baboin</span>, a trifling, busie or crafty knave; a crack rope, -wag-halter, unhappy rogue, wretchless villain’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wagmoire,</span></span> a quagmire. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130. ‘Wagmire’ -was once in prov. use in Glouc. and Devon (EDD.). From <span class='it'>wag</span>, to shake, -see EDD. (s.v. Wag, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wagpastie,</span></span> a term of contempt; a rogue; ‘A little wagpastie, A deceiver -of folkes’, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wagtail,</span></span> a contemptuous term for a profligate woman. Middleton, -A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre); Shirley, Traitor, ii. 1 (Sciarrha).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='waift'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waift, weft,</span></span> a ‘waif’, a thing cast adrift; used by Spenser of a person, -‘She was flying like a weary weft’, F. Q. v. 3. 27; vi. 1. 18, <span class='it'>wefte</span>, iii. 10. -36; <span class='it'>waift</span>, iv. 12. 31.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wailful,</span></span> doleful. Two Gent. iii. 2. 69.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waistcoat,</span></span> a body-dress for a woman, like a man’s waistcoat; sometimes -very costly. When worn without an upper dress, it was considered -the mark of a profligate woman. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut. ii. 3 -(Leucippe); Woman’s Prize, i. 4 (Livia); Loyal Subject, ii. 4 (Young -Archas). Hence <span class='it'>waistcoateer</span>, a strumpet, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut. -i. 1 (2 Usher); Wit without Money, iv. 4 (Luce).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wake,</span></span> the feast of the dedication of a church, originally the vigil -before the festival; the merry-making in connexion therewith; ‘He -haunts wakes, fairs’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 109; ‘At wakes and wassails’, -L. L. L. v. 2. 318; <span class='it'>wake-day</span>, Tusser, Husbandry, § 90. 5. ‘Wake’ is in -prov. use in various parts of England for an annual festival and holiday, -often connected with the dedication of the parish church; the fair held -at such times was also so called, see EDD. (s.v. Wake, sb.<sup>1</sup> 8). OE. <span class='it'>wacu</span>, -a watch, a vigil; cp. <span class='it'>wacana</span> (‘vigilias’) in Luke ii. 8 (Lind.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waker,</span></span> wakeful. Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover confesseth him (ed. Bell, p. 66); -Golding, Metam. xi. 599; fol. 139, bk. (1603). OE. <span class='it'>wacor</span>, wakeful, vigilant.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wale:</span></span> <span class='it'>the wale of cloth</span>, the ridge or rib in cloth denoting its quality; -‘Thou’rt rougher far, and of a coarser wale’, Beaumont and Fl., Four -Plays in One: Triumph of Honour, sc. i (Sophocles); Middleton, Mich. -Term, ii. 3 (Easy). ME. <span class='it'>wale</span>, a stripe (Prompt.). OE. <span class='it'>walu</span>, a weal, -mark of a blow (Napier, Glosses).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wales,</span></span> <span class='it'>pl.</span> springs of water; ‘To cloudes alofte the wales and waters -rise’, Mirror for Mag., Domitius Nero, st. 11; Golding, Metam. ii. 11. -Probably the same word as <span class='it'>wall</span>, in prov. use for a spring of water in -Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Wall, sb.<sup>2</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>walk the round,</span></span> to be one of the watchmen. Massinger, Guardian, -iii. 5 (Severino); to act as a watchman, go the round; B. Jonson, Alchem. -iii. 2 (Face).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>walking mort,</span></span> a grown-up unmarried whore; often a pretended -widow (Cant). Described in Harman’s Caveat, p. 67 (Aydelotte, p. 27); -cp. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wallope,</span></span> to gallop. Morte Arthur, leaf 90. 33; bk. v, c. 11. In prov. -use in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>walloppyn</span>, as an hors -(Prompt. EETS. 538), Anglo-F. <span class='it'>waloper</span>, to gallop (see Bartsch, 544. 26); -<span class='it'>galoper</span> (Rough List).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>walm,</span></span> a surge, bubbling up of water. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 87. -A north-country word for ‘a bubbling’ (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>wælm</span>, surging water -(Beowulf).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>walter,</span></span> to ‘welter’, roll. Peele, Sir Clyomon, l. 1. Hence <span class='it'>waltering</span>, -a lolling (as snakes’ tongues), Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 267 (211 of -Latin text); rolling, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 498 (Latin text). In prov. -use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England and E. Anglia. ME. -<span class='it'>walteryn</span> (Prompt. EETS. 514).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waltsome,</span></span> disgusting, heinous; ‘O waltsome murder’, Mirror for -Mag., Hastings, st. 30. Probably an intended improvement of ME. <span class='it'>wlatsom</span>, -in an imitation of Chaucer: ‘Mordre is so wlatsom and abhominable’ -(C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 4243). OE. <span class='it'>wlætta</span>, disgust, nausea (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wamble,</span></span> to rumble, to roll, to stir uneasily; used of food in the -stomach. Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool); Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2; -‘<span class='it'>Allecter</span>, to wamble as a queasie stomach doth’, Cotgrave. In prov. use -in Scotland and in various parts of England north and south, see EDD. -(s.v. 1). ME. <span class='it'>wamelyn</span> in the stomak, ‘nausio’ (Prompt. EETS. 538). -Cp. Dan. <span class='it'>vamle</span>, to become squeamish, <span class='it'>vammel</span>, nauseous (Larsen).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wamentation,</span></span> lamentation. Fair Em. i. 2. 73. See <span class='bold'><a href='#wayment'>wayment</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wan,</span></span> a winnowing-fan. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. 163, 164; -explained as ‘a corn-cleanse <span class='it'>fan</span>’, id., xxiii. 416. L. <span class='it'>vannus</span>, a winnowing-fan. -See Dict. (s.v. Fan).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wanhope,</span></span> loss of hope, dejection, despair; ‘Wanhope, poor soule on -broken anchor sits Wringing his armes, as robbed of his wits’, Glaucus -(Nares). Still heard in Lancashire (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>wanhope</span>, despair (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1249). Cp. Du. ‘<span class='it'>wanhope</span>, dispaire’ (Hexham).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waniand:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>in the waniand</span>, in the waning (moon), i.e. at an -unlucky time; ‘He would . . . make them wed in the waniand’, Sir T. -More, Wks., p. 306 h. ME. <span class='it'>in the waniand</span> (Minot, ed. T. Wright, i. 87); -‘In woo to wonne in the wanyand’ (York Plays, p. 124). OE. <span class='it'>on wanigendum -mōnan</span> (Leechdoms, i. 320); <span class='it'>wanian</span>, to lessen, to wane. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wanion:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>with a wanion</span>, with a vengeance, with ill-luck. Pericles, -ii. 1. 17; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); B. Jonson, -Staple of News, iii. 5; Eastward Ho (Nares). In prov. use in Scotland -and Ireland. See above.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>want,</span></span> to be without, to lack. King John, iv. 1. 99; Coriolanus, i. 3. 90. -Very common in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England; ‘We -wanted the plague in Scotland, when they had it in England’ (Scoticisms, -105), see EDD. (s.v. Want, vb. 8).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>want,</span></span> absence of a person; ‘<span class='it'>His present want</span>’ (= the present want of -him, i.e. his being absent at present), 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 44; Shirley, -Witty Fair One, i. 1. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wanty,</span></span> a horse’s belly-band; a girth used for securing a load on -a pack-horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. Still in prov. use in various -parts of England from Yorks. to the Isle of Wight (EDD.). OE. <span class='it'>wamb</span> -belly + <span class='it'>tīge</span>, a band.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wanze away,</span></span> to wane, vanish, disappear; ‘And all the things that -liked him did wanze away’, Golding, Metam. iii. 501; fol. 38, back (1603); -‘Which wanz’d away againe’ (L. <span class='it'>evanuit</span>), id., vi. 47. ‘Wanze’ is an -E. Anglian word used in the sense of wasting away. ME. <span class='it'>wanson</span>, ‘or -wanyn as the mone, <span class='it'>decresco</span>’ (Prompt.); OE. <span class='it'>wansian</span>, to lessen.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wappe,</span></span> to lap, used of the sound of water against the rocks, Morte -Arthur, leaf 425. 5; bk. xxi, c. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wappened,</span></span> over-worn (so Schmidt). Timon, iv. 3. 38. Probably -a misprint for <span class='it'>wappered</span>. ‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word for tired, fatigued -(EDD.). See <span class='bold'><a href='#unwappered'>unwappered</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wapper-eyed,</span></span> having quick restless eyes, sore-eyed, blear-eyed. -Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, v. 528. Still in use in Devon and -Somerset (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>war;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#warre'>warre</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ward,</span></span> a ‘side’, or compartment of the Counter, or prison. There -were two Counters, one in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street. The -Counter had three ‘wards’ or ‘sides’, the Master’s side, the Two-penny -Ward, and the Hole; and it was not uncommon for the debtors, as their -means decreased, to descend gradually from the first to the last. B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); v. 7 (Macilente).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ward,</span></span> garrison, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 15; the guard at the gate of -a castle, id., iii. 11. 21; custody, prison, ‘To commit one to ward or -prison, In custodiam tradere’, Baret, Alvearie; <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Gen. xl. 3; 2 Hen. VI, -v. 1. 112; the guard in a prison, Acts xii. 10 (AV. and Wyclif).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ward,</span></span> a guard made in fencing, a posture of defence. Temp. i. 2. 471; -1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='warden'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warden,</span></span> a large coarse pear used for baking, Bacon, Essay 46; Wint. -Tale, iv. 3. 48; by pop. etym. a keeping pear; ‘<span class='it'>Poire de garde</span>, a warden -or winter-pear, a pair which may be kept very long’, Cotgrave; Beaumont -and Fl., Cupid’s Revenge, ii. 3 (Dorialus); spelt <span class='it'>wardon</span>, Palsgrave. ME. -<span class='it'>wardon</span>(<span class='it'>e</span> (Prompt. and Cath. Angl.). So named from <span class='it'>Wardon</span> (now <span class='it'>Warden</span>) -in Beds. The arms of Wardon Abbey were argent, three warden-pears, -or. See Dict. (s.v. Wardon).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warder,</span></span> a staff or truncheon carried by one who presided at a tournament -or combat. Richard II, i. 3. 118 (when the ‘warder’ was thrown -down, the fight was stopped). ‘They fight; Robert and the Palatine -<span class='it'>cast their warders</span> between them and part them’, Heywood, Four Prentises -(stage-direction); vol. ii, p. 204.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ware,</span></span> to spend money. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 122; Heywood, -1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 43. Very common in the north country; in -Yorks. (N. Riding) they say, ‘He wares nowt, for he addles nowt’, -see EDD. (sv. Ware, vb.<sup>1</sup> 9). ME. <span class='it'>waryn</span> in chaffare ‘mercor’, (Prompt. -EETS. 539, see note, no. 2636). Icel. <span class='it'>verja</span>, to clothe, to invest money, to -spend.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ware,</span></span> to bid any one beware; ‘I’ll ware them to mel’ (i.e. I’ll teach -them to beware of meddling), Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv (Parnell); -vol. iv, p. 234.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wareless,</span></span> unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 22; unwary, heedless, id., -v. 5. 17.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warison,</span></span> gift, recompense. Morte Arthur, leaf 186, back, 35; bk. ix, -ch. 22. ME. <span class='it'>warisoun</span>, requital (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1537); <span class='it'>warysone</span> -(Prompt. EETS. 516). Norm. F. <span class='it'>guarison</span> (<span class='it'>garison</span>), ‘vivres, moyens de -subsistance’ (Moisy, 500).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warke,</span></span> work. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 145; F. Q. ii. 1. 32. A north-country -pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Work).</p> - -<p class='pindent'>†<span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warling</span></span> (?), in the proverb, ‘Better be an old man’s darling, than -a young man’s warling’, Barry, Ram. Alley, ii (Adriana); Heywood’s -Proverbs (ed. Farmer, pp. 80, 130). [In Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 45), -‘snarling’ is the word used instead of ‘warling’.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warp.</span></span> ‘A pitchy cloud Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind’ -(i.e. working themselves forward—the metaphor is of a ship), Milton, -P. L. i. 341. In Scotland used of the flight of a swarm of bees, see EDD. -(s.v. Warp, vb.<sup>1</sup> 9).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warray,</span></span> to harass with war, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 48; Fairfax, Tasso, i. 6. -ME. <span class='it'>warray</span>, to make war (Barbour’s Bruce, see Glossary); <span class='it'>werray</span> (Wars -Alex. 2495); <span class='it'>werreyen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1544). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>werreier</span>, to make war -(F. <span class='it'>guerroyer</span>). See Dict. (s.v. War).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='warre'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warre:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>warre old</span>; ‘But when the world woxe old, it woxe -warre old (whereof it hight)’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 31. The meaning is -that when the world grew old, it grew <span class='it'>worse</span>, and that from <span class='it'>warre old</span> or -<span class='it'>war-old</span>, the word ‘world’ is derived; cp. Shep. Kal., Sept., 108, ‘They -sayne the world is much <span class='it'>war</span> then it wont’. The word ‘warre’ (or ‘war’) -is in prov. use in the north country and in Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. War, -adj.<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>werre</span>, worse (Ormulum, 4898). Icel. <span class='it'>verr</span>, adv., <span class='it'>verri</span>, adj., worse.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>warrie,</span></span> gnarled, knotted. Golding, Metam. viii. 743 (fol. 104; 1603); -also <span class='it'>warryed</span>, id., xiii. 799. OE. <span class='it'>wearrig</span>, having callosities, deriv. of <span class='it'>wearr</span>, -a callosity (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wary,</span></span> to curse. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2266. See EDD. (s.v. Wary, -vb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>warien</span>, to curse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1619), OE. <span class='it'>wergian</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waryish;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#werish'>werish</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>washical,</span></span> ‘what shall I call’; a name for a thing that one does not -take the trouble to mention. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 (Hodge).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wasp,</span></span> used metaph. for a petulant or spiteful person. Tam. Shrew, ii. -1. 210; Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, iv. 3 (1 Swordsman). So -used in Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wassail,</span></span> a drinking-bout, a carouse; ‘At wakes and wassails’, L. L. L. -v. 2. 318; Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘A wassail candle’, 2 Hen. IV, -i. 2. 179 (a large candle lighted up at a feast). The word ‘wassail’, -well known in Yorks. in connexion with old Christmas ceremonies and -festivities; for ample details, see EDD. It was originally a phrase used -at a banquet. In Laȝamon, Rowena presents a cup to Vortigern with -the words <span class='it'>wæs hail</span> (<span class='it'>wassail</span>), a salutation, meaning ‘be hale, be in good -health’. O. Sax. <span class='it'>wes hēl</span>, be hale: so in the salutation of the Virgin, <span class='it'>hēl -wis thu</span> = Ave! (Vulgate, Luke i. 28); so also in Anglo-Saxon Gospels, <span class='it'>hāl -wes ðu!</span> See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waster,</span></span> a cudgel; ‘The youthes of this citie have used on holy dayes -. . . to exercise their wasters and bucklers’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, -p. 36); Mad Men of Gotham, 19 (Nares); <span class='it'>to play at wasters</span>, Beaumont and -Fl., Philaster, iv. 3 (Countryman); Burton, Anat. Mel. (Naros); <span class='it'>to win at -wasters</span>, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 3 (Candido); ‘<span class='it'>Bastone</span>, any kind -of cudgel, waster, or club’, Florio.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Wat,</span></span> a name for a hare. Venus and Ad. 697; Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 331; -Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use (EDD.). Properly a pet-name for -<span class='it'>Walter</span> (<span class='it'>Water</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>watch,</span></span> a time-piece, clock. Richard II, v. 5. 52. Probably, a candle -marked out into sections, each of which was a certain portion of time in -burning, Richard III, v. 3. 63.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>watchet,</span></span> pale blue. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 40; Marston, Malcontent, -iii. 1 (Bilioso); Drayton, Pol. v. 13. ME. <span class='it'>wachet</span>, light blue colour -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3321). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Water,</span></span> a pronunciation of the Christian name Walter, see 2 Hen. VI, -iv. 1. 35. ME. <span class='it'>Wateere</span> or <span class='it'>Water</span>, ‘propyr name of a man, <span class='it'>Walterus</span>’ (Prompt. -EETS. 517, see note, no. 2530). Anglo-F. <span class='it'>Gualtier</span> (Ch. Rol. 2039), Norm. F. -<span class='it'>Waltier</span>. Of Teutonic origin, cp. OE. <span class='it'>Wealdhere</span> (power + army), see Oldest -Eng. Texts, 537.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>water, to lay in;</span></span> See <span class='bold'><a href='#lay5'>lay</a></span> (5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>water-gall,</span></span> a second rainbow seen above the first; a fragment of -a rainbow appearing on the horizon; Lucrece, 1588. A Hampshire word, -see EDD. (s.v. Water, 1 (50)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>water-rug,</span></span> a rough kind of water-dog (?). Macbeth, iii. 1. 94.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>water-work,</span></span> painting executed in water-colour; ‘The German hunting -in water-work’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 158.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wawes,</span></span> waves. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 4. ME. <span class='it'>wawe</span>, a wave (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 508); ‘a <span class='it'>wawe</span> of the see’ (Wyclif, James i. 6). Icel. <span class='it'>vāgr</span>, a wave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wax:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>a man of wax</span>, Romeo, i. 3. 76 (as pretty as if he had been -modelled in wax); so, <span class='it'>a prince of wax</span>, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, i. 1 -(Megra). Cp. ‘a lad of wax’, ‘a man of wax’, in prov. use in Durham -and west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Wax, sb.<sup>2</sup> 4), where the expressions are -associated with the vb. <span class='it'>wax</span> (to grow).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>waxen,</span></span> <span class='it'>pr. pl.</span>, they increase. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 56. The ME. -pres. pl. in the Midland dialect. For the geographical area of the pres. -pl. in <span class='it'>n</span>, <span class='it'>sn</span>, see Wright’s English Dialect Grammar, § 435.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>way,</span></span> to go on one’s way, to journey; ‘As they together wayd’, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 12.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>way,</span></span> to ‘weigh’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 46; ‘Full many things so doubtfull -to be wayd’, id., iv. 1. 7; to esteem, ‘All that she so deare did way’, -id., vii. 6. 55.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='wayment'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wayment,</span></span> to lament. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 16. ME. <span class='it'>waymenten</span> -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>I.</span> 230). Norm. F. <span class='it'>guaimenter</span>, <span class='it'>waimenter</span>: ‘Les virgines d’els -ne guaimenterent’ (Ps. lxxvii. 69, ed. Michel, 111); see Moisy.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wealth,</span></span> welfare, prosperity. Merch. Ven. v. 1. 249; Hamlet, iv. 4. -27; ‘The thinges that shuld have bene for their welth’ (AV. welfare), -Ps. lxix. 23 (<span style='font-size:smaller'>A.D.</span> 1539); ‘wealth, peace and godliness’, Prayer Book -(Collect for King). ME. <span class='it'>welthe</span>, prosperity, well-being (Gower, C. A. ii. -1207).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weanell;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#wennel'>wennel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wear,</span></span> the fashion, that which is worn; ‘It is not the wear’, Meas. for -M. iii. 2. 78.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wearish;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#werish'>werish</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weather:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>To make fair weather</span>, to conciliate another with fair -words, Much Ado, i. 3. 25; 2 Hen. VI, v. 1. 30. Cp. the proverb, ‘Two -women placed together make foul weather’, Hen. VIII, i. 4. 22.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weather-fend,</span></span> to ‘defend’ from the weather. Tempest, v. 1. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weave,</span></span> to float backwards and forwards; ‘Amidst the billowes beating -of her, Twixt life and death long to and fro she weaved’, Spenser, F. Q. v. -4. 10. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weaver,</span></span> a fish, having sharp spines; the <span class='it'>Trachinus draco</span>, or <span class='it'>T. vipera</span>. -Drayton, Pol. xxv. 167. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>wivere</span>, a serpent (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -iii. 1010); Anglo-F. <span class='it'>wivre</span>, a serpent, viper; esp. in blazon; L. <span class='it'>vipera</span>, a -viper; see Dict. (s.v. Wyvern).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>web and pin,</span></span> a disorder of the eyesight. King Lear, iii. 4. 122; <span class='it'>pin -and web</span>, i. 2. 291. From <span class='it'>web</span>, a film; and <span class='it'>pin</span>, a small spot. In E. Anglia -‘web’ is used for a film over the eye, see EDD. (s.v. Web, 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weel,</span></span> a wicker trap or basket used for catching eels, &c. Heywood, -Anna and Phillis, vol. vi, p. 309; Tusser, Husbandry, § 36, st. 31. In -gen. prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weeld,</span></span> the ‘weald’ of Kent; ‘I was born and lerned myn englissh in -Kente in the weeld’, Caxton, Historyes of Troye, preface. See Dict. -(s.v. Weald).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ween'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ween,</span></span> to suppose, think; <span class='it'>wend</span>, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 11. ME. -<span class='it'>wenen</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1655); OE. <span class='it'>wēnan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Weeping Cross.</span></span> Nares notes that there were at least three crosses so -named, near Oxford, Stafford, and Shrewsbury respectively. <span class='it'>To come -home</span> (or <span class='it'>return</span>) <span class='it'>by Weeping Cross</span>, to repent of an undertaking, Lyly, -Euphues, p. 243.</p> - -<div class='literal-container' style=''><div class='literal'> <!-- rend=';' --> -<p class='line'>‘He that goes out with often losse,</p> -<p class='line'>At last comes home by Weeping Crosse,’</p> -</div></div> <!-- end rend --> - -<p class='noindent'>Howell, Eng. Prov.; Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 22).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weerish;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#werish'>werish</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='weesel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weesel,</span></span> weasand, windpipe. Peele, David, ed. Dyce. p. 465, col. 2. -Spelt <span class='it'>wizzel</span>, Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). Cp. Bavarian dial. -<span class='it'>waisel</span>, the gullet of animals that chew the cud (Schmeller).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wee’st heart,</span></span> woe is the heart (of me)! Congreve, Love for Love, -ii. 1 (Nurse). ‘Wae’s t’ heart,’ ‘Wae’s heart of me,’ are Yorks. exclamations; -‘Wae’s my heart’ is of frequent occurrence in Scottish poetry, see -EDD. (s.v. Woe, 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weet,</span></span> wet; ‘Till all the world is weet’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33. This -is a common pronunc. of ‘wet’ in the north country and E. Anglia -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>weet</span>, wet (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 4107). OE. <span class='it'>wǣt</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weet,</span></span> to know, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 6. Fairfax, Tasso, v. 86. This is -a northern pronunc. of ‘wit’ (to know), see EDD. (s.v. Wit, vb.). ME. -<span class='it'>wetyn</span>, to know (Prompt. EETS. 545).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weft,</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#waft1'>waft</a></span> and <span class='bold'><a href='#waift'>waift</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wefte,</span></span> abandoned, avoided, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 36.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='weird'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weird:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>the weird sisters</span>, used of the three witches, as foretelling -destiny, Macbeth, iv. 1. 136. The expression is taken from Holinshed’s -Chronicle of Scotland; it was used by Gawin Douglas (Virgil, 80, 48) for -the Parcae or Fates; ‘<span class='it'>Cloto, una de tribus parcis quae finguntur regere vitam -hominis, anglice</span>, one of the thre Weyrde systers’, Pynson’s Ortus Vocabulorum -(ed. 1509). See Grimm, Teut. Myth. 407. See <span class='bold'><a href='#werd'>werd</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>weld,</span></span> to wield, govern. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 32; vi. 8. 11; Shep. -Kal., Oct., 40; to wield, to carry, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 4. 35; <span class='it'>to weld -oneself</span>, to erect oneself, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 699 (L. <span class='it'>se tollit</span>). ME. <span class='it'>welden</span>, -to wield, to control (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 271), to move with ease (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1947).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>welk,</span></span> to fade, to grow dim (of the sun in the west). Spenser, F. Q. i. -1. 23; to cause to grow dim, ‘But nowe sadde Winter welked hath the -day’, Shep. Kal., Nov., 13. Cp. prov. use of ‘welk’ in the sense of to fade, -to wither (used of plants, see EDD., s.v. Welk, vb<sup>1</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>welke</span>, to wither -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 277). Cp. G. <span class='it'>welken</span>, to wither.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>welked,</span></span> withered, faded; ‘Her wealked face with woful teares besprent’, -Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 12. ME. <span class='it'>welked</span>, withered -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 277).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>welked,</span></span> curved, twisted, applied to horns; ‘Welked horns’, Golding’s -Ovid, occurring three times, pp. 60, 107, and 122 (ed. 1603); ‘Hornes -welkt and waved like the enraged Sea’, King Lear, iv. 6. 71; ‘And setting -fire upon the welked shrouds’ (i.e. the curved clouds), Drayton, Barons’ -Wars, vi. 39 (Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>welkin,</span></span> the sky; ‘Look on me with your welkin eye’ (i.e. heavenly or -sky-blue eye), Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 136. ME. <span class='it'>welken</span>, the sky (Chaucer, Hous F. -iii. 1601). OE. <span class='it'>wolcen</span>, a cloud, also <span class='it'>wolcnan</span>, clouds. Cp. G. <span class='it'>wolke</span>, a cloud.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>well-a-near,</span></span> alas!, alack-a-day!;</p> - -<div class='literal-container' style=''><div class='literal'> <!-- rend=';' --> -<p class='line'>‘The poor lady shrieks, and well-a-near,</p> -<p class='line'>Does fall in travail with her fear,’</p> -</div></div> <!-- end rend --> - -<p class='noindent'>Pericles, iii, Prol. 51; Look about You, sc. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 397. -An obsolete north-country exclamation—written <span class='it'>well-aneer</span> and <span class='it'>well-an-ere</span> -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>well-liking,</span></span> in good condition, plump, L. L. L. v. 2. 268; ‘They . . . -shalbe fatt and well lykenge’, Ps. xcii. 13 (Great Bible, 1539).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>well said!,</span></span> really meaning ‘well done!’, Westward Ho, ii. 2 (Birdlime). -Common.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Welshman’s hose.</span></span> Nares takes this to mean ‘no hose at all’, as -denoting something non-existent or wholly indefinite; but perhaps the -Welshman of the phrase was accused of wearing his ‘hose’ hind part -before; ‘The lawes wee did interprete and statutes of the land, Not -truely by the texte, but newly by a glose: And wordes that were most -playne, when they by us were skand, Wee tourned by construction to -a Welshman’s hose’, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wend;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#ween'>ween</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='wennel'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wennel,</span></span> a weaned animal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20, 28; ‘A lamb or -a kid or a weanell wast’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 198 (<span class='it'>weanell wast</span> -prob. means ‘a stray weanling’). ‘Wennel’ is an E. Anglian word for -a weaned calf (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>went,</span></span> a path, a way; ‘Tract of living went’ (i.e. trace of living way, -of any way which living men use), Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; v. 4. 46; -v. 6. 3. ‘Went’ in many applications is in prov. use in many parts of -Great Britain; see EDD. ME. <span class='it'>wente</span>, a way, passage (Chaucer, Tr. and -Cr. iii. 787).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='werd'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>werd,</span></span> fate, destiny; ‘The wofull werd’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., -Induction, st. 63. In prov. use in this sense in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. -Weird, 1). ME. <span class='it'>werd</span>, fate, destiny (Wars Alex. 3247); <span class='it'>werdis</span>, destinies -(Barbour’s Bruce, ii. 329). OE. <span class='it'>wyrd</span>, fate, destiny; <span class='it'>Wyrde</span>, the Fates. -Parcae, The Weird Sisters (B. T.). Icel. <span class='it'>Urðr</span> (in poetry), one of the -Norns, see Grimm, Teut. Myth, 405. See <span class='bold'><a href='#weird'>weird</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='werish'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>werish,</span></span> tasteless, insipid; ‘Dawcockes, lowtes, cockescombes and -blockhedded fooles were . . . said <span class='it'>betizare</span> to be as werishe and as unsavery -as beetes’, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 85; ‘Werysshe as meate is that -is nat well tastye, <span class='it'>mal savouré</span>’, Palsgrave; <span class='it'>wearish</span>, weak, delicate, puny, -sickly-looking, ‘A wretched wearish elfe’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 34; -<span class='it'>weerish</span>, Drayton, Pol. xxix. 62; <span class='it'>waryish</span>, Golding, Metam. ii. 776. See Nares -(s.v. Wearish). In prov. use, in many forms, in various parts of Great -Britain, see EDD. (s.v. Wairsh).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>werwolf,</span></span> a man changed into a wolf by enchantment; ‘She made -hym seuen yere a werwolf’, Morte Arthur, leaf 397, 17; bk. xix, c. 11; -<span class='it'>warwolf</span>, Drayton, Man in the Moon, 13. ME. <span class='it'>werwolf</span> (Will. of Palerne, 80), -MHG. <span class='it'>werwolf</span>, a man-wolf; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>gerulphus</span> (Ducange), OF. <span class='it'>garou</span>, cp. -F. <span class='it'>loup-garou</span> (Hatzfeld). See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='wetewold'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wetewold,</span></span> a ‘wittol’, a contented cuckold. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -187; Assembly of Gods, 710 (see Notes by Dyce, on Skelton, ii. 305). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#wittol'>wittol</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wet finger:</span></span> phr. <span class='it'>with a wet finger</span>, easily, readily. Beaumont and Fl., -Cupid’s Revenge, iv. 3 (Citizen); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. 5; id., -Gul’s Hornbook; Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 95; see Word-List). -It prob. means as easy as turning over the leaf of a book, or rubbing out -writing on a slate with a wet finger, or tracing a lady’s name on the table -with spilt wine (Farmer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wethering,</span></span> weathering, seasoning due to exposure to weather. -Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers (ed. Arber, p. 24). In prov. use in -Norfolk, see EDD. (s.v. Weather, vb. 8).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wexing,</span></span> waxing (as the moon). Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 4. ME. -<span class='it'>wexe</span>, to grow (Wyclif, Matt. xiii. 30).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wharrow,</span></span> a little instrument fixed on a spindle for the string of the -‘turn’ to run in; a small pulley on a spindle. Skelton, El. Rummyng, -298. See passage from Guillim’s Display of Heraldry (ed. 1724, p. 300), -quoted in EDD. (s.v.). Cognate with OE. <span class='it'>hweorfa</span>, the ‘whorl’ which -helps to turn the spindle (B. T.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>what,</span></span> whatsoever thing; ‘Such homely what as serves the simple -clowne’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 7; ‘Come downe and learne the little what -that Thomalin can sayne’, Shep. Kal., July, 31.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whelk,</span></span> a pimple, blotch. Hen. V, iii. 6. 108. A Derbyshire word, -see EDD. (s.v. Whelk, sb.<sup>2</sup>). ME. <span class='it'>whelke</span> (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 632).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>when,</span></span> (?) an exclamation of impatience. Short for ‘<span class='it'>when</span> will you do -what is bidden you?’, Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); iv. 2 -(Bosola). Common.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whe’r,</span></span> whether. Often spelt <span class='it'>where</span>. Tempest, v. 1. 111; King John, -i. 1. 75.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>where,</span></span> whereas; wherever; whence. L. L. L. ii. 1. 103; Mids. Night’s D. -v. 1. 93; Hen. V, iii. 5. 15.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whereas,</span></span> where that, where. 2 Hen. VI, i. 2. 58; Pericles, i. 4. 70. -Not uncommon.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>where-some-ere,</span></span> wheresoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 2. G. <span class='it'>Wheresomever</span> -is heard in Lanc. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='wherrit'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wherrit, whirrit,</span></span> a blow, a thump, a smart box on the ear. Fletcher, -Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet); ‘A whirret on the eare’, Kendall, Flowers of -Epigrammes’ (Nares). Still in prov. use in the north (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wherry;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whirry'>whirry</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whether,</span></span> which of the two. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 352, -‘Whether of them twayne’, Tyndale, Matt. xxi. 31.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whether whether were,</span></span> which was which. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 10.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whether,</span></span> whither. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 35.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whew,</span></span> to whirl, to hurry; ‘I whew it away’, Buckingham, The -Rehearsal, ii. 4. 7. So in the Lake country, ‘He whew’d his clog throo -t’window’, see EDD. (s.v. Whew, vb.<sup>2</sup> 2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiblin,</span></span> a trick, device. Marston, Insatiate Countess, ii. 2 (Rogero). -Cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#quiblin'>quiblin</a>.</span> Cp. the obsolete Dorset word ‘whibble’, to lie (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='whiblin2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiblin,</span></span> an impotent creature; a term of contempt. Dekker, Honest -Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo). See <span class='bold'><a href='#whimling'>whimling</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whids,</span></span> words; <span class='it'>to cut bene whids</span>, to speak good words (Cant). Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). [<span class='it'>A rousing whid</span>, a great lie, Burns, Death -and Dr. Hornbook, st. 1.] The Slang Dict. (1874) says that <span class='it'>whid</span> for -a ‘word’ or a ‘falsehood’ is modern slang from the ancient cant.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiff,</span></span> a special way of taking tobacco; ‘Capers, healths, and whiffs’, -Marston, What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure); <span class='it'>taking the whiff</span>, B. Jonson, -Every Man out of Humour, Character of Shift (prefixed to the play).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiffler,</span></span> an officer who clears the way for a procession. Henry V, v, -chorus, 12; Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 523. ‘Whifflers’ (fifers) -usually went first in a procession; the term was then applied to those -who went forward (without any musical instrument) to clear the way for -the procession of a sovereign or of a city corporation. See Nares; and -EDD. (s.v. Whiffle, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (2)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiffler,</span></span> a puffer of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 -(Chough).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whig,</span></span> whey, sour milk, buttermilk. Greene, Description of the -Shepherd, l. 29; ed. Dyce, p. 304. Cp. the Linc. expression, ‘As sour as -whig’ (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='whigh-hie'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whigh-hie, wi-hee,</span></span> a sound imitative of the neighing of a horse. -B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Sogliardo); Fletcher, Women -Pleased, iv. 1 (Bomby). Hence, <span class='it'>wyhee</span>, v., to neigh; Marston, The Fawn, -iv. 1 (Dondolo).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>while,</span></span> until. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.). Macbeth, iii. 1. -44; Richard II, i. 3. 122; see Schmidt. Very common in the north, also -in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. While, 6).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiles,</span></span> until; ‘Whyles tomorowe’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 83; -Twelfth Nt. iv. 3. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Whiles, 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='whimling'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whimling</span></span> (a term of contempt), a poor creature. Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Mother). Probably the same word as ‘wimbling’, also -written ‘whimbling’, used in the Midlands of plants that are long, thin, -and of feeble growth, see EDD. See <span class='bold'><a href='#whiblin2'>whiblin</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whimp,</span></span> to whimper; ‘Wil whympe and whine’, Latimer, Sermons -(ed. Arber, p. 77). Cp. the prov. words ‘wimp’ and ‘whimper’ in EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip,</span></span> to move quickly. Sackville, Induction, st. 5; Much Ado, i. 3. -63; <span class='it'>to whip out</span>, to draw out quickly, ‘He whips his rapier out’, Hamlet, -iv. 1. 10. See EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip-cat,</span></span> drunken; ‘<span class='it'>Whip-cat</span> bowling’, drunken emptying of bowls, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 367. See Halliwell. In Worc. a ‘whip-cat’ -means a farmer’s feast after bean-setting, see EDD. (s.v. Whip, 1 (4)); -‘To whip the cat’, to get tipsy (Halliwell).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip-her-ginney,</span></span> the name of a game of cards. Mentioned in -Taylor’s Works (Nares). Spelt <span class='it'>whip-her-jenny</span>, ‘a game at cards, borrowed -from the Welsh’, Halliwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip-her-jenny,</span></span> a term of contempt, Two Angry Women, iv. 3 -(Coomes); Halliwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whip-jack,</span></span> a sham sailor who begs. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Moll); used as a term of reproach generally, ‘One Boner, a bare whippe -Jacke for lucre of money toke upon him to be thy father’, Bp. Ponet in -Maitland on Reformation, p. 74. [‘Sir Charles Grandison is none of your -gew-gaw whip-jacks that you know not where to have’, Richardson, -Grandison, vi. 156.] See Davies.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whipstock,</span></span> the handle of a whip. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 28; Two Noble -Kinsmen, i. 2. 95. Also, a carter; as a term of abuse, Tomkis, Albumazar, -iv. 4 (end). The equivalent term <span class='it'>whipstalk</span> occurs in the Spanish Tragedy -(Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='whirlbat'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whirlbat,</span></span> a ‘cestus’, or weighty boxing-glove. Dryden, Pref. to -Fables, § 3 from end. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, viii. 285; written -<span class='it'>whoorlbat</span>, id., Iliad xxiii, 538. See Davies (s.v. Whirly-bat).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whirlpit,</span></span> a whirlpool. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 223; Sandys, -Paraph. Exod. xv; Marmyon’s Fine Companion; Holland, tr. Ammianus -(Nares).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whirlpool,</span></span> a sea-monster of the whale kind; perhaps the cachalot or -sperm-whale, which is distinguished from other whales by its peculiar -manner of blowing; ‘A whale or a whirlepoole’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, Job xli. 1 -(marginal rendering of Leviathan); Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 23; ‘<span class='it'>Tinet</span>, the -Whall tearmed a Horlepoole or Whirlepoole’, Cotgrave; Holland’s Pliny, -bk. ix, ch. 3; spelt <span class='it'>wherlpoole</span>, Drayton, Pol. xx. 100; <span class='it'>wherpoole</span>, id., xxv. 174. -See Wright, Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='whirry'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whirry,</span></span> to whirl along, to whirl away, to hurry off, Stanyhurst, tr. -Aeneid, iii. 611; <span class='it'>wherry</span>, Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Agripyne); <span class='it'>whurry</span>, -Taylor’s Works (Nares); <span class='it'>whorry</span>, Herrick, To Bacchus, a Canticle. See -EDD. (s.v. Whirry, vb. 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whisket,</span></span> a pandaress, The London Chanticleers, sc. 2 (Jenniting).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='whiskin'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiskin,</span></span> a wanton person, Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1 (Secco); a -pandaress, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iv. 2 (Steward). See <span class='bold'><a href='#pimp-whiskin'>pimp-whiskin</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='whist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whist,</span></span> to keep silence; ‘They whisted all’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1; -‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1; put to silence, ‘So was the -Titanesse put downe and whist’, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 59; as adj., still, -silent, ‘Where all is whist and still’, Marlowe, Hero and L. (Nares); -‘All the companie must be whist’, Holinshed, Desc. of Ireland (ed. -1808, p. 67); ‘The winds with wonder whist’, Milton, Hymn Nat. 64; -<span class='it'>whistly</span>, silently, Arden of Feversham, iii. 3. 9. ME. <span class='it'>whist!</span> (Wyclif, -Judges xviii. 19). See <span class='bold'><a href='#whust'>whust</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whister,</span></span> a blow; <span class='it'>Whisterpoop</span>, a smart blow or smack on the ear or -‘chops’, London Prodigal, ii. 1. 68 [A Linc., Somerset, and Devon word -(EDD.)]; <span class='it'>Whistersnefet</span>, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 72 [Cp. <span class='it'>whistersniff</span>, -a Hampshire word (EDD.)]. See Davies.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white,</span></span> the central circle on an archery butt. Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 186; -‘<span class='it'>Blanc</span>, the white or mark of a pair of butts; <span class='it'>Toucher au blanc</span>, to strike the -white, to hit the nail on the head’, Cotgrave.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white,</span></span> used in expressions of endearment: <span class='it'>white boy</span>; ‘Such a brave -sparke as you, that is your mother’s white boy’, Two Lancashire Lovers -(Nares); Knight of the Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Ford, -’Tis Pity, i. 3; Yorkshire Tragedy, iv. 120; Two Angry Women, iii. 2 -(Mall); ‘I shall be his little rogue and his white villain’, Return from -Parnassus, ii. 6 (end).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whitemeat,</span></span> food made of milk, eggs, bread, and the like. Northward -Ho, i. 2 (Philip); B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv. 1 -(Fallace); used attrib. and metaph., ‘Your whitemeat spirit’, Beaumont -and Fl., Four Plays in One, Pt. II, sc. 2. 13.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white money,</span></span> silver coin. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 -(Galatea). In use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1. 160).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white-pot,</span></span> a dish made of milk, eggs, and sugar, &c., boiled in a pot. -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre); Butler, Hud. i. 1. 299; -Spectator, No. 109, § 4. ‘Whitpot’ is the name of a favourite dish in -Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1 (64)). See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>white powder,</span></span> a white kind of gunpowder. It does not appear to -have existed; but there was a theory that a white gunpowder would explode -without noise. Discussed by Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. ii, -ch. 5, sect. 5. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Laverdine). -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiting-mop,</span></span> a young whiting. Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, -ii. 2; metaph. a fair lass, Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2. So <span class='it'>whiting</span>, Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 223.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whiting-time,</span></span> bleaching-time. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 140.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whitleather,</span></span> white leather, leather dressed with alum, and very -tough. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘In thy whitleather hide’, Beaumont -and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whitster,</span></span> a bleacher of linen. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 15; Pepys, Diary, -Aug. 12, 1667; <span class='it'>whitstarre</span>. Palsgrave. ‘Whitster’s Arms’ is still a common -alehouse sign in Lanc. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>whytestare</span>, ‘candidarius’ (Prompt. -EETS. 526, see note, no. 2565). See Bardsley’s Surnames, 328, 329.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whittle,</span></span> a small clasp-knife. Timon, v. 1. 183; Middleton, The -Widow, iii. 2 (Francisco). In gen. prov. use in this sense, see EDD. (s.v. -Whittle, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1). ME. <span class='it'>thwitel</span>, a knife (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3933), deriv. of -<span class='it'>thwiten</span>, to pare or cut little pieces from a thing; OE. <span class='it'>þwītan</span>, to cut out, -cognate with Icel. <span class='it'>þveit</span>, a piece of land, common in place-names in the -north of England, e.g. Seathwaite, Langthwaite, Postlethwaite.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whittled,</span></span> drunk, intoxicated. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 2 (Lucio); -<span class='it'>whitled</span>, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 498, l. 4. See Nares. Given as an -obsolete prov. word in use in the north of England (EDD.). Cp. the slang -term ‘cut’ for tipsy, somewhat drunk, see EDD. (s.v. Cut, ppl. adj.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whome,</span></span> home; ‘He wil paye whome’, Latimer, pref. to 2 Sermon -bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 48). So pronounced in Wilts. and Shropshire; in -north Devon ‘whum’, see EDD. (s.v. Home).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whoobub,</span></span> hubbub. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 629; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 5. -(or 6) 35; <span class='it'>whobub</span>, Beaumont and Fl., iv. 1 (Soto).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whoop!,</span></span> an exclamation. King Lear, i. 4. 245; Hence, <span class='it'>to whoop</span>, -‘The shepheard whoop’d for joy’, Drayton, Shepherd’s Garland; ‘We -are whoop’d’ (i.e. cried ‘whoop’ upon), Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 -(Franio).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whoorlbat;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whirlbat'>whirlbat</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whorry;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whirry'>whirry</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>who-some-ere,</span></span> whosoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1. 15. So also -<span class='it'>where-some-ere</span>, wheresoever, id., i. 2. 6. A parallel formation to <span class='it'>whosoever</span>, -with the Icel. conj. <span class='it'>sem</span> (Norw. dial., Danish and Swedish <span class='it'>som</span>), as, that, -sec EDD. (s.v. Howsomever).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whot, whott,</span></span> hot. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 58; ii. 5. 18.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whule,</span></span> to cry plaintively, to whine, howl. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xii. 135; Palsgrave, p. 785. A Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Whewl).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whurry;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whirry'>whirry</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='whust'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>whust,</span></span> to keep silence; ‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 1; -to leave anything unsaid, ‘The libertie of an hystorie requireth that all -shoulde bee related and nothing whusted’, Holinshed’s Chronicles (Nares); -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 357. See <span class='bold'><a href='#whist'>whist</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wicker,</span></span> pliant; ‘Bird! how she flutters with her wicker wings!’, -B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Æglamour).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>widow,</span></span> to endow with a widow’s right, to jointure. Meas. for M. v. -6. 153.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>widowhood,</span></span> a widow’s right, a jointure. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 125.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wigher,</span></span> to neigh as a horse. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. -2 (Dindimus). Cp. G. <span class='it'>wiehern</span>, to neigh.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wight, wyght,</span></span> active. Morte Arthur, leaf 172, back, 30; bk. ix, c. 4; -‘Wyght or stronge, <span class='it'>fort</span>’, Palsgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91. In -prov. use in the north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>wight</span>, active (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 3457). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Wight).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Wild:</span></span> <span class='it'>the Wild of Kent</span>, the Weald of Kent, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 60; ‘I was -borne in the wylde of Kent’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 268). In EDD. -we find that the Weald of Sussex is always spoken of as <span class='it'>The Wild</span> by the -people who live in the Downs, and the inhabitants of the Downs call the -dwellers of ‘The Wild’ <span class='it'>the wild people</span>. ‘The Wild of Surrey’ is described -in Marshall’s Review (1817, v. 355). The same word as the adj. ‘wild’, -see Dict. (s.v. Weald).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wildered,</span></span> bewildered. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 682. In prov. -use in Scotland (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wilding,</span></span> a crab-apple. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Maudlin); -Warner, Albion’s England, iv. 20. Still in prov. use in the Midlands and -in the west country (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>will,</span></span> to desire, signify one’s will to. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Arundel), -ed. Dyce, p. 188; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 50.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>willow,</span></span> worn as an emblem of unhappy love. Much Ado, ii. 1. 194, -225; ‘Wear the willow garland’, 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 100; ‘A green willow -must be my garland’, Othello, iv. 3. 50.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wilsome, wylsome,</span></span> wandering, devious; ‘Wylsome wayes’, Morte -Arthur, leaf 124. 11; bk. vii, c. 22. In Scotland ‘wilsome’ is used in the -sense of bewildered, lonely, dreary, desolate; see EDD. (s.v. Will, adj. 1 -(3)). ME. <span class='it'>wylsum</span>: ‘Mony wylsum way he rode’ (Gawayne, 689); <span class='it'>wilsom</span> -(Wars Alex. 4076, 5565). Icel. <span class='it'>villr</span>, bewildered, erring, astray.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wimble,</span></span> quick, lively, active. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91; Marston, -Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Feliche). In prov. use in the north of England -and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Wimble, adj.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>winbrow,</span></span> an eyebrow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 12. Low -G. <span class='it'>winbrāwe</span>, an eyebrow (Lübben); cp. OHG. <span class='it'>wintbrāwa</span>, <span class='it'>wintbrā</span>, <span class='it'>winbrā</span>, -an eyebrow (Schade).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='windlace'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>windlace,</span></span> a winding or circuitous way; ‘By slie driftes and windlaces -aloofe’, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 46; ‘Fetching a windlesse’, -Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 270); <span class='it'>windlasses</span>, pl., Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; spelt -<span class='it'>winlas</span>, Golding, Metam. vii. 784 (= L. <span class='it'>gyrum</span>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>windore,</span></span> a window. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 59; Diogenes, -§ 120; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 369. Still heard in Glouc. (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>window-bars,</span></span> lattice-work, cross-work of narrow bands across a -woman’s bosom. Timon, iv. 3. 116.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wind-sucker,</span></span> a kestrel; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> for a covetous person. B. Jonson, -Sil. Woman, i (end). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Wind, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (40)). -See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>winlas;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#windlace'>windlace</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>winter-ground,</span></span> to cover up in the ground so as to protect plants from -the winter; ‘Furr’d moss . . . To winter-ground thy corse’, Cymbeline, -iv. 2. 229.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wirt,</span></span> a smart box on the ear. North, Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 6 (in -Shaks. Plut., p. 112). See <span class='bold'><a href='#wherrit'>wherrit</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wis;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#iwis'>iwis</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wish,</span></span> to commend one to another. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 113; Match at -Midnight, iv. 1 (Sim).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wishly,</span></span> with eager desire; ‘To putte on his spectacles and pore better -and more wishely with his olde eyen on Saynt Johns ghospell’, Sir T. More, -Works, p. 1134 (Richardson); Palsgrave, p. 613.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wisket,</span></span> a small basket; ‘Wysket, <span class='it'>sportula</span>’, Levins, Manipulus. In -prov. use in various parts of England; see EDD.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wistly,</span></span> attentively, observingly; ‘She . . . wistly on him gazed’, -Lucrece, 1355; Venus and Ad. 343; Passionate Pilgrim, 82; Richard II, -v. 4. 7. Perhaps the same word as <span class='it'>whistly</span>, silently, and so, with mute -attention. See <span class='bold'><a href='#whist'>whist</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wit:</span></span> <span class='it'>The five wits</span>, the five faculties of the mind, common sense, -imagination, fancy, estimation, memory, Much Ado, i. 1. 67; Sonnet -cxli, 9. See Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wit,</span></span> to know. Greene, James IV, iv. 2. 3; Pericles, iv. 4. 31; 1 Hen. VI, -ii. 5. 16. ME. <span class='it'>witen</span> (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1324). OE. <span class='it'>witan</span>. See <span class='bold'>wist, -<a href='#wot'>wot</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='wite'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wite,</span></span> to blame. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 16; Shep. Kal., Aug., 136; -<span class='it'>wite</span>, blame, F. Q. vi. 3. 16. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in the -north of England (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>witen</span> (<span class='it'>wyten</span>), to blame, reproach -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 825), OE. <span class='it'>wītan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>with, wyth,</span></span> a twisted band of willow; ‘A wyth take him!’ (i.e. -hang him—said of an Irishman), Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iii. 2 -(1 Servant); ‘An Irish Rebell condemned, put up a Petition to the -Deputie, that he might be hanged in a With, and not in an Halter, because -it had beene so used with former Rebels’, Bacon, Essay 39. In -prov. use; see EDD. (s.v. With, sb.<sup>1</sup>). See Dict. (s.v. Withy).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>withal</span></span> = with, as placed at the end of the sentence. As You Like It, -iii. 2. 328; used in the sense of likewise, besides, at the same time, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, -1 Kings xix. 1; Ps. cxli. 10; Acts xxv. 27; ‘Though he be merry, yet -withal he’s honest’, Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 25; Bacon, Essay 58; phr. <span class='it'>to -do withal</span>, ‘They fell sick and died: I could not do withal’ (i.e. I could -not help it), Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72; Northward Ho, iv (Doll); Cure for -a Cuckold, iv. 2 (Urse). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>withdrawing-chamber,</span></span> (the modern) drawing-room. Bacon, -Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 24).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>witness,</span></span> a sponsor in Baptism, a godfather or godmother. B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Littlewit); Magn. Lady, iv. 3. 16. So in Devon (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='wittol'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wittol,</span></span> a tame cuckold knowing himself to be so. Merry Wives, ii. -1. 3; B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 1 (Mosca); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of -Malta, iii. 2 (Gomere); ‘<span class='it'>Jannin</span>, a wittall, one that knows and bears with -or winks at his wife’s dishonesty’, Cotgrave. Bp. Hall uses the form -<span class='it'>witwal</span>, which may be the older form, ‘Fond wit-wal, that wouldst load -thy witless head With timely horns before thy bridal bed’ (Sat. i. 7. 17). -The word orig. was a name for the green woodpecker, ‘<span class='it'>Godáno</span>, a witwall, -a woodwall’, Florio. The ‘witwall’, like the cuckoo, was the subject of -ribald jests. In Cheshire and Glouc. ‘witwall’ is a name for the woodpecker; -in Suffolk a contented cuckold is called a ‘wittol’; see EDD. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#wetewold'>wetewold</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wizzel,</span></span> weasand, windpipe. The City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). See -<span class='bold'><a href='#weesel'>weesel</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='woe'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woe,</span></span> sad, sorrowful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 53; Temp. v. 1. 139; -2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 73. In the north country very common in prov. use, -pronounced <span class='it'>wae</span>: ‘I would be wae for the wife’s sake’, see EDD. (s.v. -Woe, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woman-tired,</span></span> henpecked; ‘Thou art woman-tired, unroosted by thy -dame Partlet here’, Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 74.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wondered,</span></span> gifted with power to perform miracles; ‘So rare a wonder’d -father’, Temp. iv. 1. 123.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wone, won,</span></span> spellings of one; ‘Let no suche a wone prepare unto himself -manye horsses’; Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 32); ‘Att <span class='it'>won</span> houre’, -Tyndale, Rev. xviii. 10 (1526). So also <span class='it'>wons</span>, once; Qu. Elizabeth, tr. of -Boethius, bk. i, met. 3. See Index to Wright’s English Dialect Grammar -(s.v. One).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wonne,</span></span> to dwell. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; iii. 1. 2; <span class='it'>wonned</span>, pt. t. Shep. -Kal., Sept., 181; <span class='it'>woon</span>, pr. t. subj. dwell, may dwell; Virgil’s Gnat, 18. -ME. <span class='it'>wone</span>, to dwell (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1573), OE. <span class='it'>wunian</span>, to dwell.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='wonne2'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wonne,</span></span> dwelling, habitation. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 20 ME. <span class='it'>wone</span>, a -dwelling (P. Plowman, C. iv. 141).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wood,</span></span> mad, furious with rage or temper. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 192; -1 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 35. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of -England down to Linc. (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>wood</span>, mad (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 184). -OE. <span class='it'>wōd</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wood-bind,</span></span> woodbine. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Cornelio); <span class='it'>wood-bind -tree</span>, id., iv. 2 (Felice); Drayton, Pol. xv. 152. ME. <span class='it'>wodebynde</span> (Chaucer, -C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1508). OE. <span class='it'>wudebinde</span> (Voc. 137. 5).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woodcock,</span></span> a simpleton. Much Ado, v. 1. 158. Because a woodcock -was easily caught in nets set for it at twilight in glades; cp. <span class='bold'><a href='#cockshut'>cockshut</a>.</span> -‘Go, like a woodcock, And thrust your neck i’ the noose’, Beaumont and -Fl., Loyal Subject, iv. 4 (Theodore).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wooden dagger.</span></span> Such a dagger was worn not only by the ‘Vice’, or -buffoon in old plays, but also sometimes by the domestic fool; Fletcher, -Noble Gentleman, v. 1 (Longueville). For ‘dagger of <span class='it'>lath</span>’, see Twelfth -Night, iv. 2. 136. <span class='it'>A wooden dagger</span> could also be used as a crumb-scoop, -to clear the table of fragments after a meal; see Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, ii. 1 (Mercer).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='woodquist'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woodquist,</span></span> a wood-pigeon, ring-dove; ‘A Stock-dove or woodquist’, -Lyly, Sapho, iv. 3. 3. Also <span class='it'>quist</span> (<span class='it'>queest</span>); ‘<span class='it'>Phavier</span>, a Ringdove, Queest, -Coushot, Woodculver’, Cotgrave. [With <span class='it'>phavier</span>, cp. O. Prov. <span class='it'>colom favar</span>, -‘pigeon ramier’ (Levy)]. ‘Quist’ (‘queest’), a wood-pigeon, is in prov. -use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See NED. (s.v. Queest).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woodsere,</span></span> the time of year when there is little sap in a tree. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 53. 15, § 51. 6. (The time meant has been said to be between -Midsummer and Michaelmas; it was thought that wood cut at that season -would not grow again.) In E. Anglia the word ‘wood-sere’ is used for -the month or season for felling wood, see EDD. (s.v. Wood, sb. 1 (34 b)).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woodspeck,</span></span> a woodpecker. Golding, Metam. xiv. 314 (L. <span class='it'>picum</span>); -fol. 171 (1603); <span class='it'>Specke</span> is a Norfolk word for the woodpecker (EDD.). -Cp. Du. <span class='it'>specht</span>, a woodpecker (Hexham). G. <span class='it'>specht</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>Wood Street,</span></span> the Compter prison in Wood Street, London. -Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3 (1 Officer). See Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, -p. 111).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woolfist,</span></span> a puff-ball. Wily Beguiled, Prologue. For <span class='it'>wolf-fist</span>; Gk. L. -<span class='it'>lycoperdon</span>, which has the same sense; see Weigand, Germ. Dict. (s.v. -Bofist).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woolward:</span></span> in phr. <span class='it'>to go woolward</span>, i.e. in wool only, without linen, -often enjoined as a penance by the Church of Rome; ‘I have no shirt, -I go woolward for penance’, L. L. L. v. 2. 717; ‘He went woolward and -barefooted to many churches’, Stow’s Annals, H. 7 (Nares); ‘Wolworde, -without any lynnen nexte ones body, <span class='it'>sans chemyse</span>’, Palsgrave. ME. <span class='it'>wolleward</span> -(<span class='it'>wolward</span>), see Pricke of Conscience, 3514; P. Plowman’s Crede, 788; -P. Plowman, B. xviii. 1 (see note, p. 395). [It is probable that the ME. -form <span class='it'>wolleward</span> is due to popular etymology, and that the word properly -represents an OE. *<span class='it'>wullwered</span>, clothed in wool, cp. <span class='it'>swegelwered</span>, clothed with -heavenly brightness. The corruption would be natural, when the sense -of <span class='it'>wered</span> was lost, as -<span class='it'>ward</span> was a common suffix. The phr. ‘to go woolward’ -cannot be genuine: it could only mean ‘to go towards wool’, -which is not the sense (Dr. Henry Bradley). See note on the word -‘woolward’ in Mayor and Lumby’s edition of Beda’s Eccles. Hist., -p. 347.]</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woose,</span></span> ‘ooze’, soft mud, Phaer, Aeneid iii, 606; <span class='it'>wose</span>, id., ii. 135. -Hence <span class='it'>woosy</span>, full of soft mud, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 205. ME. <span class='it'>wose</span>, mud -(Wars Alex. 413). OE. <span class='it'>wōs</span>; see Napier’s Glosses, 1818.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>woose,</span></span> to ooze, Golding, tr. Ovid, fol. 127. See Dict.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>word,</span></span> a motto; ‘And round about the wreath this word was writ, -<span class='it'>Burnt I doe burne</span>’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 38; ‘His word which on his ragged -shield was writ, <span class='it'>Salvagesse sans finesse</span>’, id., iv. 4. 39.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>world;</span></span> ‘It is a world’, i.e. it’s wonderful (to see), Much Ado, iii. 5. 38; -Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 313. <span class='it'>To go to the world</span>, to get married, Much Ado, ii. 1. -331; <span class='it'>a woman of the world</span>, a married woman, As You Like It, v. 3. 5.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>worm,</span></span> to remove what was called the <span class='it'>worm</span> from under a dog’s tongue; -a supposed preventive of his going mad; ‘I should have wormed you, sir, -for [to prevent your] running mad’, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 2 (Vasque).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='wot'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wot,</span></span> in use as the present tense of the vb. <span class='it'>wit</span>, to know; ‘I wot not -what rule ye keep’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, 255); ‘I wote not’, <span class='sc'>Bible</span>, -Gen. xxi. 26 (in RV. ‘I know not’); ‘God wot’, Richard III, iii. 2. 89. -ME. preterite-present <span class='it'>I wot</span>, <span class='it'>thou wost</span>, <span class='it'>he wot</span>, pl. <span class='it'>witen</span> (Chaucer); OE. <span class='it'>ic wāt</span>, -<span class='it'>þū wāst</span>, <span class='it'>he wāt</span>, pl. <span class='it'>witon</span>. Tudor and later English have much false grammar -with respect to this verb: Shaks. has <span class='it'>wotting</span> (for <span class='it'>witting</span>}, <span class='it'>wots</span> (for <span class='it'>wot</span>), <span class='it'>wot’st</span> -(for <span class='it'>wost</span>); and <span class='it'>wotteth</span> (for <span class='it'>wot</span>) is found in the Bible, Gen. xxxix. 8 (in RV. -‘knoweth’).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrabbed,</span></span> perverse, hard to manage; ‘So crabbed, so wrabbed, so -stiff, so untoward’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 211. See -Nares.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrack,</span></span> destruction, loss; ‘The wrack of maidenhood’, All’s Well, iii. -5. 24; ‘The commonwealth hath daily run to wrack’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. -127; destruction by sea, shipwreck, Venus and Ad. 454; to ruin, destroy, -Hamlet, ii. 1. 113; <span class='it'>wracked</span> (<span class='it'>wrackt</span>), shipwrecked, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 225. -See Dict. (s.v. Wreck).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrall,</span></span> to quarrel, to grumble. Tusser, Husbandry, § 101. 4; ‘This -my tongue-wralling’, Webster, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -iv. 120.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrawl,</span></span> to make an inarticulate noise, to caterwaul; ‘Cats that wrawling -still did cry’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. ME. <span class='it'>wrawhre</span>, ‘traulus’ -(Prompt. EETS. 40, see note, no. 181). See NED. (s.v. Caterwaul).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wray,</span></span> to disclose. Gascoigne, Works, i. 41. ME. <span class='it'>wreye</span>, to bewray. -reveal (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 3503); also, <span class='it'>bewreye</span>, ‘The conseil is bewreid’ -(Gower, C. A. v. 6785). OE. <span class='it'>wrēgan</span>, to denounce, accuse. See Dict. (s.v. -Bewray).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wread,</span></span> to wreathe, to twist, twine, curl; ‘The snake about him -wrigling winding wreades’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 753. See EDD. (s.v. -Wreath, sb.<sup>1</sup> 7).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wreak,</span></span> vengeance. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (M. Tullius); -Knight of Malta, iv. 1 (Zanthia); ‘wrathful wreakes’, angry acts -of vengeance, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 43; 12. 16; to avenge, punish, F. Q. ii. -3. 13. Hence <span class='it'>wreakful</span>, full of vengeance, Titus And. v. 2. 32. ME. <span class='it'>wreke</span>, -‘vindicta, ulcio’ (Prompt.); <span class='it'>wreken</span>, to avenge (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>C.</span> 857). -OE. <span class='it'>wrecan</span>, to punish.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wreak,</span></span> to ‘reck’, to care. As You Like It, ii. 4. 81 (ed. 1623); Marlowe, -tr. Ovid’s Elegies, ii. 11. 22; <span class='it'>wreaked</span>, recked, Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Dec., 29. Hence <span class='it'>wreakless</span>, reckless, careless, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 7. Cp. EDD. -(s.v. Wreak, vb.). OE. <span class='it'>rēcan</span> (pret. <span class='it'>rōhte</span>), to rack, care for (Sweet); see -Wright, OE. Gram., § 534.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrest,</span></span> a tuning-key for a harp. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 23.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wretchock,</span></span> the smallest pig of a litter; smallest chicken in a hatch; -a diminutive creature. B. Jonson, Gipsies’ Metam. (Jackman); Skelton, -Elynour Rummyng, 465. A Worc. word for the smallest pig of a litter -(EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wries;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#wry'>wry</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrig,</span></span> to turn aside. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 573 (L. <span class='it'>contorsit</span>). -In prov. use in the Midlands, meaning to writhe (EDD.).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>writhe,</span></span> to turn aside, misdirect. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Gorboduc).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>writhled,</span></span> wrinkled, shrivelled, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 23; Gascoigne, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 42; l. 9.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wroken,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span>, revenged. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 108; Muiopotmos, -99; <span class='it'>wroke</span>, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. ME. <span class='it'>wroken</span>, revenged (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. i. 88); <span class='it'>wroke</span> (P. Plowman, B. ii. 194); but Chaucer and -P. Plowman have also the regular <span class='it'>wreken</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>wreke</span>, to avenge; OE. -<span class='it'>wrecen</span>, pp. of <span class='it'>wrecan</span>. See Wright, OE. Grammar, § 505.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wrote,</span></span> to grub up, as a hog; ‘His earth-wroting snout’, Return from -Parnassus, iii. 4 (Furor). ME. <span class='it'>wrotyn</span>, as swyne ‘verro’ (Prompt. EETS. -547), OE. <span class='it'>wrōtan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wroth,</span></span> sorrow, vexation; ‘I’ll keep my oath, patiently to bear my -wroth’, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 78.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='wry'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wry,</span></span> to turn aside, go aside. Cymbeline, v. 1. 5; ‘<span class='it'>Wries</span>, and wriggles’, -Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 1 (Rowland). ME. <span class='it'>wrien</span>, to turn aside -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 906), OE. <span class='it'>wrigian</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wun,</span></span> dwelling, abode. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 23. -See <span class='bold'><a href='#wonne2'>wonne</a></span> (2).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wusse;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#iwis'>iwis</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wych,</span></span> wich-elm, witch-elm. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 113.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wyhee;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#whigh-hie'>whigh-hie</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>wyte,</span></span> to blame; see <span class='bold'><a href='#wite'>wite</a>.</span></p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='X'>X</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='xeriff1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>xeriff,</span></span> a ‘Sherif’, a title of the descendants of Mohammed. Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Muley-Moluch); id., Conquest of Granada, i. 1. -<span class='it'>Xarife</span>, the Spanish way of writing <span class='bold'><a href='#sherif'>sherif</a></span> (q.v.), Port. <span class='it'>xarife</span>, ‘chérif’ -(Roquette).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>xeriff,</span></span> a Portuguese coin worth about 300 reis (Portuguese). Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha), Port. <span class='it'>xarafím</span>, Arab, <span class='it'>sharîfî</span> or <span class='it'>ashrafî</span>, -a gold coin often mentioned in the Arabian Nights, see Dozy, Glossaire, -353; cp. Med. L. <span class='it'>seraphus</span>, in Baumgarten, Peregrinatio, 23; see Dozy, -Glossaire, p. 534. See Stanford (s.v. Xerafin).</p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='Y'>Y</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yall;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#yawl'>yawl</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yarage</span></span> (applied to ships), the capability of being managed at sea; -‘Light of yarage’, North, Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 35 (in Shaks. Plut., -p. 208); ‘heavy of yarage’, id., § 35 (p. 211).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yare,</span></span> quick, ready. A word freq. used by Shaks., often given to -sailors. Temp. v. 1. 224; Meas. for M. v. 2. 61; ‘The lesser ship . . . is -yare, whereas the greater is slow’, Ralegh (Nares); <span class='it'>yarely</span>, readily, Temp. i. -1. 4. <span class='it'>Yare</span> is in prov. use in the north (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>yare</span>, ready: ‘Terens -let make his shippes yare’ (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2270;. OE. <span class='it'>gearu</span>, ready, -equipped.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='yark'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yark,</span></span> to jerk. Drayton, Pol. vi. 51; to pull forcibly as shoemakers -do in securing the stitches of their work; ‘Yark and seam, yark and -seam’ (Eyre); ‘For yarking and seaming let me alone’ (Firk), Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1. See the story of Watt Tinlinn in note to -Scott’s Lay of the Last Minstrel, iv. 4. In reply to the Englishman’s -taunt, ‘Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots’, Watt retorted, discharging -a shaft which nailed the captain’s thigh to his saddle, ‘If I cannot sew, -I can yerk’. As sb. a jerk; ‘<span class='it'>Tire</span>, a kick, yark, jerk’, Cotgrave. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yerk'>yerk</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yarum, yarrum,</span></span> a cant term for milk; see <span class='bold'><a href='#popler'>popler</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yate,</span></span> gate. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224. In prov. use in the north -and in the north Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.<sup>1</sup> 1 (9)). ME. <span class='it'>ȝate</span>, -a gate (Wyclif, Ps. cxvii. 20). OE. <span class='it'>geat</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yaw</span></span> (of a ship), to move unsteadily; used <span class='it'>fig.</span> Hamlet, v. 2. 120; a -devious course, Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). Icel. <span class='it'>jaga</span>, -to move to and fro (as a door on its hinges).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yaw,</span></span> to cut down; <span class='it'>yawde</span>, for <span class='it'>yawed</span>, pp., Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1206. -(In the next line we have <span class='it'>sawde</span> for <span class='it'>sawn</span>, pp.) In Hants. and Devon -‘yaw’ is the prov. pronunc. of ‘hew’, and is used in the sense of mowing -or cutting wheat with one hand and with a reaping-hook, see EDD. -(s.v. Hew, vb.<sup>1</sup> 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yawd,</span></span> a nag, a ‘jade’. Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (Randal). In prov. -use in the north, see EDD, (s.v. Yad). The same word as ‘jade’. <span class='it'>Yawd</span> -is derived directly from Icel. <span class='it'>jalda</span>, a mare, whereas <span class='it'>jade</span> comes to us -through northern French: <span class='it'>jalda</span> < *<span class='it'>jaude</span> < <span class='it'>jade</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yawfrow,</span></span> a young lady, a mistress. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1. Du. -<span class='it'>joffrouw</span>, a gentlewoman, mistress, miss; <span class='it'>jonkvrouw</span>, a young lady; <span class='it'>Jonkvrouw -A.</span>, Miss A. (Sewel).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='yawl'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yawl,</span></span> to howl, bawl; to scream like an infant; spelt <span class='it'>yall</span>, Death of -E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Doncaster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 242; Udall, -tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 22; <span class='it'>yawling</span>, a bawling, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, -ii. 3 (Margery). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Yawl, vb.<sup>1</sup> 1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yblent,</span></span> obscured; ‘The faithfull light of that faire lampe yblent’, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 1; blinded, ‘With love yblent’, id., Shep. Kal., April, -155. See <span class='bold'><a href='#blend1'>blend</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ybowne,</span></span> ready to depart. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 140. ME. -<span class='it'>boun</span>, ready to go (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>F.</span> 1503). See Dict. (s.v. Bound, 3).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>y-clept, y-clep’d,</span></span> called, named. Milton, L’Allegro, 12. Spelt -<span class='it'>y-clipped</span>; Ram-Alley, iii. 1 (Puff). See <span class='bold'><a href='#clepe'>clepe</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>y-cond,</span></span> taught. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. -(Misused; <span class='it'>to con</span> is to learn.) See <span class='bold'><a href='#cond'>cond</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yearn,</span></span> to vex, grieve; ‘It would yearn your heart’, Merry Wives, iii. -5. 45; ‘It yearn’d my heart’, Richard II, v. 5. 76 (in quartos <span class='it'>ernd</span>); ‘It -yearns me not’, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26. Hence <span class='it'>yearnful</span> (<span class='it'>yernful</span>), mournful, -Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 7. See <span class='bold'><a href='#earn'>earn</a></span> (to grieve).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='yearne1'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yearne,</span></span> to give tongue as hounds do, to bay, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. -1575, pp. 181, 186, 240); see <span class='bold'><a href='#yorning'>yorning</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yearne,</span></span> to earn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 40; vi. 7. 15. OE. <span class='it'>ge-earnian</span>, -<span class='it'>earnian</span>, to earn.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='yede'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yede, yeed,</span></span> improperly used as an infin., to go. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 5; -ii. 4. 2 <span class='it'>yeade</span>, pr. pl. (improp. used), Shep. Kal., July, 109; <span class='it'>yode</span>, pt. s. -went, id., May, 22, 233; <span class='it'>yod</span>, Golding, Metam. vi. 330. ME. <span class='it'>yede</span>, went -(Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>G.</span> 1141); <span class='it'>ȝede</span>, <span class='it'>ȝeode</span> (P. Plowman), OE. <span class='it'>ge-ēode</span> (and <span class='it'>ēode</span>), -went. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Eode).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yeding,</span></span> going. Sackville, Mirror of Mag., Induction, st. 30.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yelden,</span></span> submissive; ‘The fierce lion will hurt no yelden thinges’ -(i.e. creatures that have submitted), Sir T. Wyatt, To his ladie cruel -over her Yelden Lover, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 62. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yold'>yold</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellow.</span></span> Bands dyed with <span class='it'>yellow starch</span>, much used by Mrs. Turner, -became unfashionable when that infamous woman was hung (Nov. 15, 1615) -for being concerned in the murder of Sir Thos. Overbury; but not very -long after they were again in use. ‘Hateful As yellow bands’, The Widow, -v. 1 (Martia); ‘Disliked your yellow starch’, Beaumont and Fl., Queen -of Corinth, iv. 1 (Tutor).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellow breeches, to wear,</span></span> to be jealous. Massinger, Duke of Milan, -iv. 2 (Stephano). <span class='it'>Yellow</span>, as the hue of jealousy, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -ii. 2. 14.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellow-hammer,</span></span> (jocosely) a gold coin. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 -(2 Guard).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellowness,</span></span> jealousy. Merry Wives, i. 3. 111.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellow-pate,</span></span> the yellow-hammer, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 75.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yellows,</span></span> jaundice in cattle. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54. In prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Yellow, 4).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yelt,</span></span> a young sow; ‘A youngling yelt of brestled sow’, Twyne, tr. of -Aeneid, xii. 170. In prov. use in the north and in E. Anglia, see EDD. -(s.v. Gilt, sb.<sup>1</sup>).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='yeoman-fewterer'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yeoman-fewterer,</span></span> the man who, under the huntsman, took care of -the dogs, and let them slip at the right moment. Massinger, Picture, v. 1 -(Ricardo); Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); B. Jonson, Every Man out of -Humour, ii. 3. See Nares (s.v.), and <span class='bold'><a href='#fewterer'>fewterer</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yerde,</span></span> a rod, a staff. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 6. ME. -<span class='it'>yerde</span> (Chaucer). OE. <span class='it'>gierd</span>, a rod.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='yerk'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yerk, yirk,</span></span> to lash with a whip. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; Marston, -Sat. i. 3, p. 184 (Nares); <span class='it'>yarke</span>, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 489. Hence, <span class='it'>yerking -preferment</span>, a promotion to punishment with a whip, Shirley, Opportunity, -ii. 1 (Pimponio); to kick out strongly, Hen. V, iv. 7. 84; Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 64; to thrust smartly, Othello, i. 2. 5. This word is in -prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland, pronounced in many -ways, with the meanings (among others), to jerk, to pull forcibly; to lash -with a switch or whip, to kick as a horse does, see EDD. (s.v. Yark, vb.<sup>1</sup> -1, 5, 7). See <span class='bold'><a href='#yark'>yark</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yert:</span></span> in comb. <span class='it'>yert-point</span>, lit. ‘jerk-point’; the name of a childish -game; perhaps similar to blow-point. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). It -may have been a name for spelicans. ‘Yert’ belongs to the group of -words: <span class='it'>jerk</span>, <span class='it'>yerk</span>, <span class='it'>jert</span>, see Cotgrave (s.v. Tire).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yfere,</span></span> together. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1; vi. 6. 31; Shep. Kal., April, -68; Sackville, Induction, st. 74. ME. <span class='it'>yfere</span>, together (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> -394), also <span class='it'>in-fere</span> (C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>B.</span> 328, <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 924); orig. <span class='it'>in fere</span>, in company. OE. <span class='it'>on -heora gefére</span>, in their company (Luke ii. 44).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yfet,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> fetched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 647. See <span class='bold'><a href='#fet'>fet</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yield,</span></span> to reward; ‘The gods yield you for’t’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 2. 23; -spelt <span class='it'>’ild</span>, ‘How do you pretty lady?—Well, God ’ild you!’, Hamlet, iv. -5. 41; Macbeth, i. 6. 13. ‘God yield you’ is still in prov. use in Cheshire -(EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>God yelde yow</span>, God requite you (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>D.</span> 1772).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ying,</span></span> young; ‘The lilly . . rysing fresche and ying’, Dunbar, The -Thistle and the Rose, 22. ME. <span class='it'>ȝing</span>, young (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 41).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yirk;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#yerk'>yerk</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ylike,</span></span> alike, all the same; ‘Ylike to me was libertee and lyfe’, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., Dec., 36; F. Q. i. 4. 27. ME. <span class='it'>yliche</span> (<span class='it'>ylike</span>), like, similar; also -as adv., alike, in like manner (P. Plowman). OE. <span class='it'>gelīc</span>, similar, equal; -<span class='it'>gelīce</span>, equally, in the same way, in a similar way.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='ynde'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ynde,</span></span> indigo, dark blue. Morte Arthur, leaf 114, back. 27; bk. vii, -c. 11. OF. <span class='it'>inde</span>, ‘de couleur d’azur’ (Didot); Med. L. <span class='it'>indium</span>, ‘genus -coloris caerulei’ (Ducange), for L. <span class='it'>indicum</span>, indigo, orig. of India, -Indian.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yod;</span></span> see <span class='bold'><a href='#yede'>yede</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='yold'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yold,</span></span> <span class='it'>pt. t.</span> yielded. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25. As pp., id., vii. 7. 30. -ME. <span class='it'>ȝolden</span>, pt. pl. and pp. of <span class='it'>ȝelden</span>, to yield (Wars Alex. 2326, 2378). -See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. ȝelden).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yomenne,</span></span> ‘yeomen’; the pawns in the game of chess. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, Prol. 20.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yond.</span></span> This word occurs in the following passages: ‘Then like a lyon -. . . wexeth wood and yond’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 40; ‘As Florimel fled -from that monster yond’, id., iii. 7. 26; ‘Those three brethren, Lombards -fierce and yond’, Fairfax, tr. Tasso, i. 55. It seems to be a synonym of -‘fierce’.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yond,</span></span> yonder, thither. Tempest, i. 2. 409; Richard II, iii. 3. 91. In -prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland (EDD.). ME. <span class='it'>yond</span>, -yonder (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1099). OE. <span class='it'>geond</span>, ‘illuc’ (Matt. xxvi. 86, -Rushworth).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><a id='yorning'></a><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yorning,</span></span> giving tongue as hounds do. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 18, § 5; see Croft’s Glossary. See <span class='bold'><a href='#yearne1'>yearne</a></span> (1).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yote,</span></span> to water, soak; ‘Yoted wheat’, Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 760. -A west-country word, ‘The brewer’s grains must be well yoted for the -pigs’, Grose (1790), see EDD. See below.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>yoten,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> melted. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 5. ME. -<span class='it'>ȝotun</span>, molten (Wyclif, Job xli. 6, Ps. cv. 19), pp. of <span class='it'>yeten</span>, to pour (Chaucer), -OE. <span class='it'>gēotan</span>.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>youl,</span></span> to howl, to squall like an infant. All Mistaken, i. 1 (near end); -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 337. Hence <span class='it'>youling</span>, ib., i. 1 (Philidor); in the -same, xv. 332. In gen. prov. use in all English-speaking countries; see -EDD. (s.v. Yowl). ME. <span class='it'>youling</span>, loud lamentation (Chaucer, C. T. <span style='font-size:smaller'>A.</span> 1278).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>youngth, yongth,</span></span> youth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 20; Muiopotmos, -34. ME. <span class='it'>ȝongthe</span> (Wyclif, Luke xviii. 21).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ypight,</span></span> <span class='it'>pp.</span> pitched, placed. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33. See <span class='bold'><a href='#pight'>pight</a>.</span></p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ysam,</span></span> together. Spelt <span class='it'>ysame</span> (riming with <span class='it'>ram</span> and <span class='it'>swam</span>). Spenser, -F. Q. vii. 7. 32. See <span class='bold'><a href='#sam'>sam</a>.</span> ME. <span class='it'>ysamme</span>, together (P. Plowman, A. x. 193), -OE. <span class='it'>samen</span>, together (Sweet).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>y-vound,</span></span> found. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>ywus,</span></span> ‘<span class='it'>ywis</span>’, certainly. Golding, Metam. i. 754 (riming with <span class='it'>thus</span>), -fol. 13, back (1603). See <span class='bold'><a href='#iwis'>iwis</a>.</span></p> - -<div><h1 class='nobreak' id='Z'>Z</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zabra,</span></span> a small sailing vessel, in use in the Bay of Biscay; <span class='it'>zabraes</span>, pl.; -Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 256. Span. <span class='it'>azábra</span>, ‘a small sort of -Bark us’d in some parts of Spain’; <span class='it'>Zábra</span>, ‘a sort of Vessel once us’d in -Biscay from 100 to 200 Tun Burden, and serv’d for Fishing or Privateering, -now laid aside’ (Stevens). Port, <span class='it'>zabra</span> (Roquette). See Stanford (s.v. -Azabra).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zambra,</span></span> a Moorish festival, with music and dancing; a festive dance. -Dryden, Conquest of Granada, I, i. 1 (l. 11 from end). Span. <span class='it'>zambra</span>, -‘a Moorish dance’ (Stevens). ‘A la rigueur <span class='it'>zambra</span> signifie musique -d’instruments à vent; on l’a appliqué à la danse parce que l’on danse au -son des larigots et des flûtes’ (Cobarruvias). <span class='it'>Zambra</span> is from the Arabic -root <span class='it'>zamara</span>, to play on a wind instrument, Dozy, Glossaire, 364.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zany,</span></span> a subordinate buffoon, who mimicked the clown. Twelfth Nt. -i. 5. 96; cp. L. L. L. v. 2. 463. Ital. ‘<span class='it'>záne</span>, the name of <span class='it'>John</span> in some parts -of Lombardy, but commonly used for a silly John, a simple gull, or foolish -Clown in a Play or Comedy, as a Jack pudding at the dancing of the ropes’ -(Florio). See Stanford.</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zany,</span></span> to imitate apishly, to mimic. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, i. 2 -(Crates); Lover’s Progress, i. 1 (Clarinda).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zecchine,</span></span> a gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 -(Cornari); Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79. Ital. <span class='it'>zecchino</span>, a Venetian coin, -deriv. of <span class='it'>zecca</span>, ‘a mint or place of coyning’ (Florio), Arab. <span class='it'>sikka</span>, coin; -<span class='it'>dâr as-sikka-t</span>, a mint (Steingass).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zelant,</span></span> a zealot. Bacon, Essay 3. Med. L. <span class='it'>zelans</span>; see Ducange (s.v. -Zelare).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zelatour,</span></span> a zealot, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, ch. 27. Med. L. -<span class='it'>zelator</span>, ‘aemulator, inimicus’ (Ducange).</p> - -<p class='pindent'><span style='font-size:larger'><span class='bold'>zernick,</span></span> orpiment. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. <span class='it'>zernîkh</span>, -arsenic (Steingass), Pers. <span class='it'>zernīχ</span>, orpiment, yellow arsenic; from <span class='it'>zar</span>, gold. -A word of Indo-European origin. See Academy (May 11, 1895, p. 427), -and Horn’s Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (1893, § 691).</p> - -<hr class='pbk'/> - -<div class='lgc' style='margin-top:3em;margin-bottom:3em;'> <!-- rend=';sm;' --> -<p class='line' style='font-size:small;'>OXFORD: HORACE HART M.A.</p> -<p class='line' style='font-size:small;'>PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY</p> -</div> <!-- end rend --> - -<div><h1 id='TN'>Transcriber’s Notes</h1></div> - -<p class='pindent'>The book cover image was made by the -transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>The original spelling has not been modified, with the exception that the capitalisation -of Midlands has been made consistent.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>Punctuation is largely reproduced as in the original. End-of-line hyphens -have been removed to rejoin words as appropriate, but other hyphenation is -as in the original. Punctuation has been added silently is a small number -of places where it is obviously missing as a result of a typesetting or -printing error.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>The references to EETS. are to the Early English Text Society publications.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>While it is not stated in this book, it is inferred that it follows the practice of the -Oxford English Dictionary in which:</p> - -<ul style="list-style-type:none;"> -<li>* indicates a word or form not actually found, but of which the existence is inferred,</li> - -<li>† signifies an obsolete word,</li> - -<li>[...] in a quotation, it surrounds an editorial insertion,</li> - -<li>[...] while around an entire quotation, it indicates a quotation is relevant to the development -of a sense but not directly illustrative of it.</li> -</ul> - -<p class='pindent'>. . . obtained from the OED web site.</p> - -<p class='pindent'>Hyperlinks have been added to cross-references, except in the few cases where the word -could not be found.</p> - -<p class='line' style='text-align:center;'>[End of <span class='it'>A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words</span>, by Walter William Skeat, edited by Anthony Lawson Mayhew]</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words, by -Walter William Skeat - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A GLOSSARY *** - -***** This file should be named 62809-h.htm or 62809-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/8/0/62809/ - -Produced by Delphine Lettau, Howard Ross & the online -Distributed Proofreaders Canada team at -https://www.pgdpcanada.net from page images generously -made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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