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diff --git a/old/62809-0.txt b/old/62809-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 3e379d6..0000000 --- a/old/62809-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30385 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words, by -Walter William Skeat - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words - especially from the dramatists - -Author: Walter William Skeat - -Editor: Anthony Lawson Mayhew - -Release Date: August 1, 2020 [EBook #62809] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A GLOSSARY *** - - - - -Produced by Delphine Lettau, Howard Ross & the online -Distributed Proofreaders Canada team at -https://www.pgdpcanada.net from page images generously -made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) - - - - - - A G L O S S A R Y - - OF - - TUDOR AND STUART WORDS - - _ESPECIALLY FROM THE DRAMATISTS_ - - COLLECTED BY - - WALTER W. SKEAT - - Elrington and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon in - the University of Cambridge, 1878-1912 - - - EDITED WITH ADDITIONS BY - - A. L. MAYHEW - M.A., Wadham College, Oxford - - - O X F O R D - AT THE CLARENDON PRESS - 1914 - - - - - OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS - LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YORK - TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY - HUMPHREY MILFORD M.A. - PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY - - - - - EDITOR’S PREFACE - - -In the summer of 1910 I was staying at Llandrindod, and had the pleasure -of meeting there my old friend Professor Skeat. Of course we had many a -long talk about our favourite studies, and about his literary plans. He -was always planning some literary task, for before he had finished one -work, he had either begun another, or had another in prospect. I said to -him one day, ‘You’re always working, do you ever find time for -recreation?’ ‘Well,’ he said, ‘when I want to amuse myself, I take up -some old play.’ This story explains the genesis of this book. - -Like John Gilpin’s wife, it seems that though on pleasure he was bent, -he had a frugal mind. He did not forget business. When reading Ben -Jonson or Beaumont and Fletcher he had pencil in hand, and whenever he -came to a word that might prove a stumbling-block to the general reader, -he noted that word, and eventually wrote it on a separate slip -(note-paper size) with exact reference and explanation. In July, 1911, -in Oxford, when we were together for the last time, the professor told -me about the book he was preparing—mainly consisting of the words he -had collected in reading the Tudor and Stuart dramatists. He did not -intend it to be a big book. When I asked whether it would contain -quotations like Nares’ Glossary, he said it would contain only a few -quotations, and those short ones, and would consist mostly of -explanations and references, with brief etymologies. I heard no more of -the book during his lifetime. But frequent letters passed between us on -the etymologies of English words, many of which he was meeting with in -the material he was collecting. On October 6, 1912, that eager, -enthusiastic spirit passed away, to the regret of all who work in the -field of English philology, of all who love the English tongue, wherever -on this habitable globe they may chance to live. Not long after, in -November, I heard from Mrs. Skeat that her husband had left material for -a Glossary of Rare Words, in slips amounting to nearly 7,000, arranged -in alphabetical order, and that Professor Skeat’s executors would be -very glad if I would be able to edit and prepare the work for -publication. I agreed to do this, on condition that the executors should -ask the advice of a pupil of Dr. Skeat, an eminent English scholar, and -also, of course, that the Delegates of the Clarendon Press would consent -to the arrangement. On December 4 I received a letter from the Clarendon -Press, informing me that the Delegates accepted my offer. A day or two -after the box containing the MS. arrived, and on December 9 I addressed -myself to the task. With the exception of a short intermission in July, -the work has had my continuous and undivided attention for one year. - -On examination of the MS. it appeared that, although Professor Skeat had -arranged the material in the form of a Glossary, he had not put the -finishing touches to the book (many slips were practically duplicates or -triplicates), and had not even finally limited the scope: the title of -the book was not settled. - -And now it will be proper to state as clearly as possible what the -Editor thought it his duty to do in preparing his friend’s work for -publication. In the first place he did not think that it fell within his -province to make any considerable addition to the Word-list. The -Vocabulary remains much as Professor Skeat left it. But it was found -necessary, in going over the work, to make additions in many articles, -in order to explain the history of the word, or to illustrate its -meaning; connecting links had to be supplied, where the meanings of a -word apparently had no connexion with one another. In this part of the -work the Editor found great help in the New English Dictionary; and it -will be seen that there is hardly a page of this book on which there -does not occur the significant abbreviation (NED.). With the same help -the definitions have been revised, and in many cases made more definite -and explicit in order to explain the passage referred to. Professor -Skeat’s plan was to give, as a rule, only references; it has been -thought advisable to add many quotations, especially in cases where a -quotation appeared necessary to illustrate a rare meaning of a word. In -order to secure uniformity in arrangement many of the articles had to be -re-written. For the illustrative matter, outside the literary English of -the Tudor and Stuart period; the comparison of Tudor and Stuart words -with provincial words found in the English Dialect Dictionary (EDD.); -the exact references to earlier English—Middle English (ME.) and Old -English (OE.); as well as the citation of cognate foreign forms, the -Editor is responsible. In giving this additional matter he believes that -he would have had the cordial approval of Professor Skeat, and hopes -that he has added to the usefulness of the book. - -If I may be allowed I would end on a personal note. I have thought it a -great privilege to have been invited to complete the work of one held in -such honour and esteem as Professor Skeat. And it has been a great -pleasure to do something which might show, however inadequately, my -gratitude for a friendship of nearly forty years. I wish the work that -has been done on his book had been better done; I wish that it could -have been undertaken by some one better equipped for the task, by one -who had a more intimate acquaintance with the literature of the period -dealt with. I hope that the imperfections of the book as it leaves my -hands will be treated leniently. No one can be more conscious of them -than he who is now bidding farewell to the task. - -I have been fortunate in obtaining the help of two scholars who are -masters of their subjects. My friend of many years, Dr. Henry Bradley, -one of the Editors of _The New English Dictionary_, has taken an -interest in the work from the first, which has been most encouraging. -His views of what had to be done with the material I found, after I had -made some progress in my task, coincided with those I had independently -formed. He has most kindly read the proof-sheets throughout, and has -made many valuable suggestions which I have gladly adopted. Mr. Percy -Simpson, who has made a special study of the dramatists of the period -treated, and particularly of Ben Jonson, has also kindly read the -proof-sheets, and from his familiarity with the textual criticism of -these authors has been able to correct some errors in the texts cited. I -cannot conclude without expressing my thanks to the ‘reader’ for the -accuracy with which the proof-sheets represented the MS., as well as for -his judicious and conscientious use of the blue pencil. - - A. L. MAYHEW. - OXFORD, - _Dec. 9, 1913_. - - - - - BOOKS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK - - -Aasen, Ivar; Norsk Ordbog, 1873. - -Alphita, a Medico-Botanical Glossary, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota -Oxoniensia, 1887). - -Aneren Riwle, c. 1230; ed. J. Morton (Camden Soc., 1873). - -Anglo-Saxon Gospels, ed. W. W. Skeat. The Gospels in West-Saxon, -Northumbrian and Mercian Versions, 1871-87. - -Ascham, Roger; Toxophilus, 1545, ed. Arber, 1868. - -Awdeley, John; Fraternitye of Vacabondes, 1565, ed. E. Viles and F. J. -Furnivall (EETS., extra series, 1869). - -Aydelotte, F.; Elizabethan Rogues and Vagabonds (Oxford Historical and -Literary Studies, vol. 1, 1913). - -Babee’s Book, 15th cent.; ed. F. J. Furnivall (EETS., 1868). - -Bacon, Francis; Essays, 1597, ed. W. Aldis Wright, 1871. Life of Henry -VII, 1621, ed. J. R. Lumby, 1876. - -Baldwyne, William; chief editor of the Mirrour for Magistrates, first -issued in 1559. - -Ballads. English and Scottish Popular Ballads, ed. from the Collection -of F. J. Child by H. C. Sargent and G. L. Kittredge, 1904. - -Barbour’s Bruce, 1375; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., 1870-7). - -Barclay, Alexander; Ship of Fools, 1508, a translation of Sebastian -Brandt’s _Narrenschiff_, c. 1494 (_Navis Stultifera_, 1488); ed. -Jamieson, 1874. - -Bardsley, Charles W.; English Surnames, 1875. - -Baret, John; Alvearie or Quadruple Dictionary, 1580. - -Barnes, R.; Works, see Tyndale. - -Barnfield, Richard; The Affectionate Shepherd, 1594; ed. J. O. Halliwell -(Percy Soc., 1845). - -Bartsch, K., et A. Horning; La Langue et la Littérature françaises -depuis le ix^{e} siècle jusqu’au xiv^{e} siècle. Textes et Glossaire, -1887. - -Beaumont and Fletcher; Works, ed. G. Darley, 1859; also, ed. W. Gifford -with a Biographical Memoir (reprint, Routledge, 1860). [Francis Beaumont -born 1586, died 1615.] - -Berghaus, H.; Der Sprachschatz der Sassen, 1880-3. - -Berners, Lord (John Bourchier); tr. of the Chronicles of Froissart -(Pynson, 1523). [Born 1467, died 1533.] - -Bibbesworth, Walter de; The Treatise, c. ann. 1325; printed in Wright’s -Vocabularies (ed. 2, 1882). This is probably the correct spelling, not -‘Biblesworth’. See Wright, Thomas. - -Bible, English. Authorised Version, 1611 (exact reprint. Clarendon -Press, 1911). - -Bible Word-Book; see Wright, W. A. - -Blount, Thomas; Glossographia, a Dictionary of hard words, 1656; ed. 3, -1670. - -Boke of St. Albans, printed in 1486; facsimile reprint, 1881. Contains a -Book on Hawking, a Book on Hunting (by Dame Juliana Barnes), and a Book -on Coat-Armour. - -Bosworth and Toller (B. T.). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary begun by J. -Bosworth, and completed by T. N. Toller, 1882-98. - -Boyle, Roger (Earl of Orrery); Parthenissa, 1676; Guzman, c. 1679; Mr. -Anthony, 1689. - -Bozon, Nicole; Les Contes Moralisés, c. 1350; ed. L. Toulmin Smith and -Paul Moyer, 1889. - -Brand, John; Observations on Popular Antiquities, 1813; Arranged and -revised by H. Ellis; reprint, 1887 (Chatto and Windus). - -Brathwaite (or Braithwait), Richard; _Barnabae Itinerarium_ (Drunken -Barnaby’s Four Journeys), Latin and English, ed. 1, 1648; reprint, 1822. - -Brewer, Antony; Dramatist, fl. 1655. [To him was formerly ascribed -‘_Lingua_, or the Combat of the Five Senses for Superiority, 1607’; see -DNB.] - -Brome, Alexander; Poet, Satirist, and Dramatist; Wks. ed. 1873. [Born -1620, died 1666.] - -Browne, Sir Thomas; Works, ed. S. Wilkin. 1852 (Bohn’s Standard -Library). - -—— Religio Medici and Christian Morals, ed. by W. A. Greenhill; 1881. -[Born 1640, died 1680.] - -Browne, William; Britannia Pastorals, see English Poets. [Born 1590, -died c. 1645.] - -Brunne, Robert of; Handlyng Synne, c. 1303; ed. F. J. Furnivall -(Roxburghe Club, 1862). - -Bullokar, John; An English Expositor, by J. B., 1616; sixth ed., 1680. - -Bunyan, John; Pilgrim’s Progress, First Part, 1678. - -Burton, Robert; Anatomy of Melancholy, 1621. - -Butler, Samuel; Poems, ed. R. Bell, 1855; Hudibras, ed. H. G. Bohn, -1871. [Born 1612, died 1680.] - -Calisch, J. M.; Nederlandsch-Engelsch en Engelsch-Nederlandsch -Woordenboek, 1875. - -Campion, Thomas; poems printed first in 1595; ed. Bullen, 1889. - -Cartwright, William; Preacher, Poet, Dramatist. [Born 1611, died 1643.] - -Catholicon Anglicum, 1483; ed. Herrtage, EETS., 1881. - -Caxton, William; The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, c. 1474; -reprint by H. O. Sommer, 1894. - -—— Game of the Chesse, printed in 1474; facsimile of the 2nd ed., V. -Figgins, 1860. - -—— see Reynard. - -Chanson de Roland; Bodleian MS., c. 1180; ed. L. Gautier, 1881. - -Chapman, George; Dramatic Works, ed. 1873. The Iliad of Homer, 1611; -Odyssey, 1614; Chapman’s Homer, ed. R. Hooper, 1857; R. H. Shepherd, -1875. - -Chaucer, Geoffrey; Complete Works; ed. W. W. Skeat, 1894. [Born 1328, -died 1400.] - -Child, F. J.; see Ballads. - -Chronicle, Anglo-Saxon; ed. C. Plummer and J. Earle, 1892-9. - -Cocke Lorell’s Bote, a humorous and sarcastic poem, printed by Wynkyn de -Worde, c. 1515; ed. 1843. - -Coles, Elisha; English Dictionary, 1677. - -—— Dictionary, English-Latin and Latin-English, fourth ed. enlarged, -1699. - -Congreve, William; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1670, died -1729.] - -Cook, A. S.; Biblical Quotations in Old English Prose Writers, 1898. - -Cooper, T.; Thesaurus Linguae Romanae et Britannicae, 1565. - -Cotgrave, Randle; A French and English Dictionary. First edition 1611. -The edition of 1673 is the one usually cited. - -Court of Love, a late poem first printed with Chaucer’s Works, 1561; -reprinted in Chaucerian and Other Poems, ed. by W. W. Skeat, 1897. - -Coverdale, Miles; Translator of the Bible; first printed in 1535. - -Cowell, John; The Interpreter of Words and Terms, 1607; ed. 1637; also -ed. augmented and improved, 1701. - -Cursor Mundi, c. 1300; ed. R. Morris (EETS., 1874-92). - -Dähnert, J. C.; Platt-Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1781. - -Davenant, Sir William; Dramatist and Poet-Laureate, see English Poets. -[Born 1605, died 1668.] - -Davies, T. L. O.; A Supplementary English Glossary, 1881. - -Dekker, Thomas; Dramatic Works; ed. by E. Rhys, 1873. [Born c. 1570, -died c. 1637.] - -Delesalle, Georges; Dictionnaire d’Argot Français, 1896. - -Destruction of Troy, c. 1390; ed. G. A. Panton and D. Donaldson (EETS. -1869 and 1874). - -Dialoge Gregoire lo Pape, 12th cent.; ed. Foerster, 1876. - -Dict.: Etymological Dictionary of the English Language by W. W. Skeat, -ed. 4, 1910. - -Dict. M. & S.: A Concise Dictionary of Middle English, by A. L. Mayhew -and W. W. Skeat, 1888. - -Dictionarium Rusticum Urbanicum et Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726. - -Didot: Glossaire Français de Ducange, dans l’édition du Glossarium -publiée par M. Ambroise Firmin Didot, 1887. - -Digby, George, Earl of Bristol; Elvira, a Comedy. [Born 1612, died -1676.] - -Dinneen, P. S.; An Irish-English Dictionary, 1904. - -Dodsley, Robert; A Select Collection of Old English Plays, originally -published 1780; ed. W. Carew Hazlitt, 1876. - -Dozy, R.; Glossaire des Mots espagnols et portugais dérivés de l’Arabe; -ed. W. H. Engelmann, Leyde, 1869. - -Drant, Thomas; tr. of Horace, Satires, 1566. - -Drayton, Michael; Poems; see English Poets. [Born 1563, died 1631.] - -Drummond, William, of Hawthornden; Cypresse Grove, 1623. - -Dryden, John; Poetical Works, ed. 1851. [Born 1631, died 1701.] - -Ducange: Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis, conditum a Carolo du -Fresne, Domino Du Cange; ed. Henschel, 1883-7. - -Dunbar, W.; Poems, ed. Small and Gregor (Scottish Text Soc., 1883-93). -[floruit 1500.] - -Earle, John; Micro-cosmographie, 1628; ed. Arber, 1868. - -Earle, John; A Hand-book to the Land-Charters and other Saxonic -Documents, 1888. - -Echard, Laurence; tr. of Plautus, 1694. - -EDD.: English Dialect Dictionary, with English Dialect Grammar, edited -by Dr. Joseph Wright, 1905. - -Eden, R.; The First Three English Books on America, 1511-55; ed. Arber, -1885. - -Edwards, Richard; Damon and Pithias, 1564; in Dodsley’s Old English -Plays. - -Elyot, Sir Thomas; The Boke named The Governour, 1531; ed. H. H. S. -Croft, 1883. - -—— The Castel of Helthe, 1533 (ed. 1539). - -English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper, ed. A. Chalmers, 1810. 21 vols. - -Estienne, Henri; La Précellence du Langage François, 1579; ed. Huguet, -1896. - -Etherege, Sir George; Dramatist. [Born 1635.] - -Fabyan, Robert; Chronicles of England and France; ed. Henry Ellis, 1811. -[Died 1512.] - -Fairfax, Edward; Godfrey of Bulloigno or the Recoverie of Hierusalem, -1600, a translation of Tasso’s poem. - -Fanfani, Pietro; Vocabolario della Lingua Italiana, 1898. - -Farquhar, George; Dramatist; Works, ed. 1840. [Born 1678, died 1707.] - -Ferrex and Porrex; see Gorboduc. - -Field, Nathaniel; Dramatist [floruit 1610]. - -Fitzhorbert, John F.; Book of Husbandry, 1534; ed. W. W. Skeat (Eng. -Dialect Soc., 1882). - -Fletcher, John; Dramatist. [Born 1576, died 1625.] See Beaumont. - -Florio, John; A Worlde of Wordes, Dictionarie in Italian and English, -1598. - -—— Italian and English Dictionary, and English and Italian Dictionary, -by G. Torriano, ed. 1688. This is the edition usually cited. - -—— tr. of the Essays of Montaigne, 1603. - -Ford, John; Plays; ed. W. Gifford, 1827. [Born 1586, died 1639.] - -Foxe, John; Acts and Monuments (Book of Martyrs), 1563. - -Franck, J.; Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, 1892. - -Fritzner, Johan; Ordbog over det gamle norske Sprog, 1883. - -Gamelyn, the Tale of; 14th cent.; ed. Skeat, 1893. - -Gascoigne, George; Poet and Dramatist. Works, ed. W. C. Hazlitt, 1869. -[Born c. 1536, died 1577.] - -Genesis and Exodus, c. 1250; ed. R. 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W.; English as we Speak it in Ireland, 1910. - -Kilian, C.; Old Dutch Dictionary, 1777. - -King Alisaunder; see Weber’s Metrical Romances. - -King Horn, The Geste of, c. 1250; ed. Lumby (EETS., 1867). - -Kluge, F.; Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache, ed. 5, 1894. - -Koolman, J.; Wörterbuch der Ostfriesischen Sprache, 1884. [The dialect -is not E. Frisian; it is a variety of Low German.] - -Kyd, Thomas; Spanish Tragedy, 1592; ed. J. Schick, 1901. - -La Curne de Sainte-Palaye; Dictionnaire historique de l’ancien langage -françois, 10 vols., 1882. - -Latimer, Hugh; Seven Sermons before Edward VI, 1549; ed. Arber, 1869. -[Died Oct. 16, 1555.] - -Levy, E.; Petit Dictionnaire Provençal-Français, 1909. - -Lexer, Matthias; Mittelhoehdeutsches Handwörterbuch, 1872-8. - -Lindisfarne Gospels, the Northumbrian version; see Anglo-Saxon Gospels. - -Littré, É.; Dictionnaire de la Langue Française, 1877. - -Locrine, Tragedy of; authorship doubtful, perhaps by Thomas Kyd. - -Lydgate, John; The Storie of Thebes, printed 1561. - -—— Temple of Glas; ed. Dr. J. Schick (EETS., extra series, 1891). -[Born c. 1370, died c. 1460.] - -Lyly, John; Euphues, 1580; ed. Arber, 1868. - -—— Dramatic Works; ed. F. W. Fairholt, 1856. [Born c. 1553, died -1606.] - -Machin, Lewis; Play-writer. The Dumbe Knight, 1608 (in collaboration -with Gervase Markham); see NED. (s.v. Mountcent). - -Malory, Sir Thomas; Le Morte Arthur, 1485; printed by Caxton; exact -reprint, ed. H. O. Sommer, 1889-91. - -Manchester, Earl of (Sir Henry Montagu); Manchester Al Mondo, 1633; -reprinted from the fourth impression (1638-9), Frowde, 1902. - -Marlowe, Christopher; Works, ed. F. Cunningham, 1870; ed. C. F. Tucker -Brooke, 1910. [Born 1564, died 1593.] - -Marmion, Shakerley; Poet and Dramatist. [Born 1602, died 1639.] - -Marston, John; Works; ed. J. O. Halliwell, 1856. His first work, Scourge -of Villanie, printed in 1598. - -Martin, E., and Lienhart, H.; Wörterbuch der elsässischen Mundarten. - -Marvell, Andrew; Poet, Satirist in prose and verse. [Born 1620, died -1678.] - -Massinger, Philip; Plays; ed. F. Cunningham, 1868. [Born 1584, died -1640.] - -Mayne, Jasper (Archdeacon); Play-writer, The City Match, printed 1639, -and The Amorous War, printed 1648. - -Merlin, a Prose Romance, c. 1440; ed. H. B. Wheatley (EETS., 1869); Pt. -iv, ed. W. E. Mead (EETS., 1899). - -Middleton, T.; Plays, ed. H. Ellis (Mermaid Series). [Born 1570, died -1627.] - -Milton, John; Paradise Lost, 1665; Paradise Regained, and Samson -Agonistes, 1671. [Born 1608, died 1674.] - -Minsheu, J.; The Guide into the Tongues, 1617; ed. 2, 1627. - -—— A Dictionary in Spanish and English, 1623. - -Mirrour for Magistrates, a collection of poems to which T. Sackville, -Lord Buckhurst, contributed ‘The Induction’, and ‘The Complaint’, -1559-63; ed. Jos. Hazlewood, 1815. See Baldwyne; Sackville. - -Moisy, Henri; Glossaire Anglo-Normand. Caen. 1895. - -More, Sir T.; Works, printed in 1557. [Died 1535.] - -—— Utopia, tr. by R. Robynson, 1551; ed. Arber, 1869; ed. Lumby, 1879. - -—— Richard III; ed. Lumby, 1882. - -Morte Arthur; see Malory. - -Morte Arthure (an alliterative poem); c. 1440; ed. E. Brock (EETS., -1865.) - -Munday, Anthony; Play-writer, ballad-writer, and pamphleteer; The Mirror -of Mutabilitie, or Principal Part of the Mirrour of Magistrates: -Selected out of the Sacred Scriptures. - -Nabbes, Thomas; Dramatist; Microcosmus, 1637. - -Napier, A. S.; Old English Glosses (Anecdota Oxoniensia, 1900). - -Nares, Robert; A Glossary to the Works of English Authors, particularly -Shakespeare and his contemporaries, 1822; a new ed. by J. O. Halliwell -and Thomas Wright, 1859, reprinted 1876. [Born 1753, died 1829.] - -NED.; The New English Dictionary. Editors, Sir James Murray, Dr. Henry -Bradley, and Dr. William Craigie. The Clarendon Press, Oxford. - -North, Sir Thomas; Translation of Plutarch’s Lives, 1595. - -—— Shakespeare’s Plutarch, being a Selection from North’s Plutarch, by -W. W. Skeat, 1875. - -Norton, Thomas; Collaborator with Thomas Sackville in writing the first -English tragedy of _Gorboduc_, 1561; and of Sternhold and Hopkins, in a -version of the Psalms, 1562. Translator of Calvin’s Institutes, 1561. - -Notes on English Etymology, W. W. Skeat, 1901. - -Occleve; see Hoccleve. - -O’Curry, E.; Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish, 3 vols., 1873. - -Oldest English Texts; ed. H. Sweet (EETS., 1886). - -Oldham, John; Poetical Works, ed. by Robert Bell, 1871. [Born 1653, died -1683.] - -Oxford Records: Selections from the Records of the City of Oxford, -1509-83; ed. W. H. Turner, 1880. - -Palsgrave, Jehan; Lesclaircissement de la Langue Françoyse, 1530; -reprint, Paris, 1852. - -Paston Letters, 1422-1509; ed. J. Gairdner, 1872-5. - -Paul, H.; Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1897. - -Peele, George; Dramatic and Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1839. [Died -1597.] - -Pepys, Samuel; Diary, 1659-69; ed. Lord Braybrooke. - -Phaer, Thomas; The Nyne First Books of the Æneid of Virgil, 1562; the -translation was finished by Twyne. [Born c. 1510, died 1560.] - -Phillips, Edward; The New World of Words, or Universal English -Dictionary, 1706. - -Piers Plowman, 1362-1400; ed. W. W. Skeat, with Notes and Glossary, -1877-84. - -Plantin, Christophe; Thesaurus Theutonicae Linguae, 1573. - -Plowman’s Tale, The, c. 1400; printed in The Works of Jeffrey Chaucer, -ed. Th. Speght, 1687; reprinted in Political Poems and Songs; see below. - -Political Poems and Songs, ed. Thomas Wright (Rolls Series, 1859-61). - -Pollard, A. W.; English Miracle Plays, Moralities and Interludes, 1890. - -Prompt.: Promptorium Parvulorun, c. 1440; ed. A. Way (Camden Soc., -1843-65); also, A. L. Mayhew (EETS., extra series, CII, 1908). - -Proverbs. A Handbook of Proverbs, collected by H. G. Bohn, containing -Ray’s Collection, with Large Additions, 1870. - -Proverbs. Early English Proverbs, collected by W. W. Skeat, 1910. - -Proverbs of Hendyng, 1272-1307; printed in Reliquiae Antiquae (ed. -Wright and Halliwell), and in J. M. Kemble’s Appendix to ‘The Dialogues -of Salomon and Saturn’ (Ælfric Society, 1848). - -Psalter (Anglo-Norman), 12th cent.; ed. by F. Michel from a Bodleian -MS., Oxford, 1850. - -Psalter of the Great Bible, 1539; ed. John Earle, 1894. - -Psalter, Old English; see Vespasian Psalter. - -Puttenham, G.; The Arte of English Poesie, 1589; ed. Arber, 1869. - -Quarles, Francis; Argalus and Parthenia, 1621; Emblems Divine and Moral, -1635. - -Rabelais, Œuvres de, avec un Glossaire par M. Pierre Jannet, 1874. - -Randolph, Thomas; Dramatist; The Muses’ Looking-Glass, 1638. - -Ray, John; A Collection of English Proverbs, 1670; ed. 5, H. G. Bohn, -1870. - -—— A Collection of English Words, 2nd ed. 1691; rearranged and edited -by W. W. Skeat (EDS., 1874). - -Return from Parnassus, The; Pt. i acted in Cambridge, 1601; ed. W. D. -Macray, 1886; Pt. ii, acted 1602. The whole edited by Arber, 1870. - -Reynard the Fox, translated and printed by William Caxton, 1481; ed. -Arber, 1878. - -Richard the Redeles, printed with the C text of Piers the Plowman; ed. -W. W. Skeat, 1886. - -Rietz, J. E.; Svenskt Dialekt-Lexicon, 1867. - -Robert of Gloucester’s Chronicle, c. 1298; ed. T. Hearne, 1724; -reprinted, 1810; ed. W. Aldis Wright (Rolls Series, 1887). - -Robynson, Raphe; tr. of More’s Utopia, 2nd ed. 1556; ed. J. R. Lumby, -1879; ed. Arber. See More, Sir T. - -Rogers, Daniel; Divine Naaman the Syrian, 1642. - -Roister Doister, see Udall. - -Rollo, Richard, of Hampole; died 1349; see Hampole. - -Romaunt of the Rose. A translation of the French Roman de la Rose; Part -A by Chaucer; Part B in Northern (Lincoln) dialect; Part C of unknown -origin; ed. Skeat (Student’s Chaucer). - -Rönsch, Hermann; Itala und Vulgata, 1875 (Die Römische Volkssprache). - -Roquette, J. I.; Dictionnaire Portugais-Français, Paris, 1855. - -Rough List: of English Words found in Anglo-French, in Skeat’s Notes on -English Etymology, 1901. - -Rowley, William; Comedian and Playwright. A Search for Money; or the -Lamentable Complaint for the Losse of the Wandering Knight, Monsieur -l’Argent, 1609. - -Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst [born 1536, died 1608]; see Gorboduc, -Mirrour for Magistrates. Works ed. by R. W. Sackville-West, 1859. - -Sainéan, L.; L’Argot ancien, 1907. - -Sandys, George; A Relation of a Journey, 1610; ed. 3, 1632. - -Schade, Oskar; Altdeutsches Wörterbuch, 1872-82. - -Schmid, Johann Christoph von; Schwäbisches Wörterbuch, 1844. - -Schmidt, Alexander; Shakespeare-Lexicon, 1874-5. - -Sewel, W.; Dictionary, English and Dutch, Dutch and English, 1727; ed. -5, 1754; augmented and improved by Egbert Buys, 1766. - -Shadwell, Thomas; Dramatist, Poet Laureate. [Born 1640, died 1692.] - -Shakespeare. The Globe Edition; ed. by W. G. Clark and W. Aldis Wright, -1864. References generally as in Schmidt’s Lexicon. His Dramas and Poems -are referred to by the name of the Play or Poem alone. - -Sherwood, Robert (‘Londoner’); A Dictionary. English and French, 1672 -(serves as an English index to Cotgrave, ed. 1673). - -Shirley, James; Dramatic Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1833. [Born c. 1594, died -1666.] - -Sidney, Sir Philip; Arcadia, 1581, published 1590; Apology for Poetrie, -1595; ed. Arber, 1868. - -Sin. Barth.: Sinonyma Bartholomei, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota -Oxoniensia, 1887). - -Skelton, John; Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1843. [Born c. 1460, died -1529.] - -Skinner, S.; Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae, 1671. - -Spenser: The Complete Works of Edmund Spenser. The Globe edition, ed. by -R. Morris. Shepherds’ Calendar [Shep. Kal.], 1579; Faery Queen [F. Q.], -1590-6. - -Stanford: The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases; ed. -C. A. M. Fennell, 1892. - -Stanyhurst, Richard; tr. of Aeneid, bks. i-iv, 1582; ed. Arber, 1880. - -Stevens, John; Spanish and English Dictionary, 1706. - -Stow, John; Survey of London, 1598; ed. Thoms, 1842. - -Strutt, Joseph; The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, 1801; -ed. W. Horne, 1834. - -Stubbes, Philip; Anatomy of the Abuses in England, 1583; ed. F. J. -Furnivall, 1877-9. - -Student’s Pastime, A; Selections of Articles reprinted from ‘Notes and -Queries’, by W. W. Skeat, 1896. - -Surrey, Earl of (Henry Howard) [died 1547]. Poems; in Tottel’s -Miscellany. - -Sweet, Henry; The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon, 1897. - -Tarlton, Richard; Satirist; Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, publ. -1590. [Died 1588.] - -Thersites, An Interlude, first performed in August, 1537; 1st ed. c. -1560; reprinted 1820, included in Hazlitt’s ed. of Dodsley’s Old English -Plays; extracts printed in English Miracle Plays, ed. A. W. Pollard, -1890. - -Thomas, Antoine; Essais de Philologie Française, 1897. - -Tomkis (or Tomkys), Thomas; Plays in Hazlitt’s Dodsley. Albumazar, 1615. - -Topsell, Edward; The History of four-footed Beasts and Serpents, 1608. - -Tottel, Richard; Printer of Tottel’s Miscellany, a collection of verses, -known in society, but never before published, by the Earl of Surrey, Sir -Thomas Wyatt, and others, 1557; ed. Arber, 1870. - -Tourneur, Cyril; Plays and Poems; ed. J. Churton Collins, 1878. [Born c. -1575, died 1626.] - -Towneley Mysteries, c. 1450; printed for Surtees Soc., 1836; also ed. G. -England and A. W. Pollard (EETS., extra series, 1897). - -Trench, Richard C. (Archbishop); Select Glossary, ed. 7, 1890 (revised -by A. L. Mayhew). - -Trevisa, John of; Translation of Higden’s Polychronicon, 1387; ed. J. R. -Lumby (Rolls Series, 1865-6). - -Tuke, Sir Samuel; Dramatist. Adventures of Five Hours, 1663; in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley. - -Turbervile, George; see English Poets. —— Booke of Venerie [Hunting], -1575. - -Tusser, Thomas; Five hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie; first ed. 1573; -ed. Payne and Herrtage (EDS., 1878). - -Twyne, Thomas; Completion of Phaer’s translation of the Aeneid, 1573. - -Tyndale, William; The Whole Workes of W. Tyndale, John Frith, and Doctor -Barnes, printed by John Daye, 1572. Tyndale’s Translation of the New -Testament into English was first printed in 1525. - -Udall, Nicholas; Roister Doister, c. 1553; ed. Arber, 1869. Translation -of the Apophthegmes of Erasmus, 1532. - -Vanbrugh, Sir John; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1666, died -1726.] - -Vespasian Psalter, the OE. (Mercian) interlinear version, printed in -‘Oldest English Texts’ (q.v.). - -Voc.: Wright’s Old English Vocabularies; ed. Wülcker, 1884; see also -Wright, Thomas. - -Warner, William; Albion’s England, 1586; see English Poets. - -Weber’s Metrical Romances, 1810. Vol. 1 contains King Alisaunder, c. -1310. - -Webster, John; Works; ed. A. Dyce; new ed. 1857. [Born 1607, died 1661.] - -Weigand, Friedrich; Deutsches Wörterbuch; ed. 3, 1878. - -Westward Ho, a play by Dekker and Webster, 1607. - -Wever, R.; An Enterlude called Lusty Juventus, 1550. - -Wilkins, George; Miseries of Inforst Marriage, 1607; in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ix. 533. - -William of Palerne, The Romance of, c. 1350; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., -1867). - -Withals, John; A Short Dictionarie for yonge beginners, 1556. - -Worlidge, J.; Dictionarium Rusticum, 1681. - -Wright, Thomas; A Volume of Vocabularies, 1857; ed. 2, privately -printed, 1882. - -Wright, William Aldis; The Bible Word-Book, 2nd ed., 1884. - -Wyatt, Sir Thomas; Poetical Works; ed. R. Bell, 1854. [Born 1503, died -1542.] - -Wycherley, William; Dramatic Works; ed. 1840, with those of Congreve, -Vanbrugh, and Farquhar. [Born c. 1640, died 1715.] - -Wyclif, John; The Holy Bible, 1382-8; ed. Forshall and Madden, 1850. - -—— New Testament, with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat. - -—— Job, Psalms, &c., with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat. - -Wynkyn de Worde (Jan van Wynkyn), native of Worth in Alsace. Printer. -Came to England with Caxton from Bruges 1476, died c. 1534. - -York Plays, c. 1430; ed. Miss L. Toulmin Smith, 1885. - - - - - ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS - - -=berry.= In the Malone Society’s Reprint, 1. 1432, of Quarto 1599, the -text is: - - ‘A berrie of faire Rooes I saw to day - Down by the groves, and there I’ll take my stand, - And shoot at one.’ - -Probably the correct reading would be ‘a bevie of faire Rooes’ (i.e. a -number of fair roe-deer). But see NED. (s.v. Berry, sb.^{3}), where the -word is used as the special name for a company of rabbits. - -=bulk,= the trunk, body of a person; cp. Richard III, i. 4. 40, ‘The -envious flood Stopt in my soul . . . smother’d it within my panting -bulk.’ - -=Burgullian.= Perhaps a contemptuous form of _Burgundian_ (or -_Burgonian_), a native of Burgundy, with reference to John Larrosse, ‘a -Burgonian by nation and a fencer by profession’, who challenged all -comers in 1598. - -=forslow.= For _Macilense_ read _Macilente_. - -=Napier’s bones,= invented by John Napier, eighth laird of Merchiston -[not Lord Napier]. - -=skibbered.= The reading of the Bodleian MS. _skybredd_ shows that the -meaning of the word is _sky-bred_. - -=sothery.= The play referred to is _The Four P’s_. - -=spargirica.= B. Jonson’s spelling _spagyrica_ may be defended from -French usage; cp. Dict. de l’Acad., 1672: ‘_Spagyrique_ ou _Spagirique_. -Il se dit de la Chimie qui s’occupe de l’analyse des métaux, et de la -recherche de la pierre philosophale. C’est la même chose que la _Chimie -métallurgique_ ou la _Métallurgie_’. The word _spagyrique_ in the phrase -‘un philosophe spagyrique’ occurs frequently in Anatole France’s ‘La -Rôtisserie de la Reine Pédauque’. - -=strummel.= _Strummel-patch’d_ (so Gifford). The 1616 Folio reads -‘whoreson strummel, patch’t, goggle-ey’d Grumbledories’. - -=trash.= For Othello, ii. 1. 132, read ii. 1. 312; and see Schmidt’s -note on the word. - -=turm.= Milton, P. R. iv. 66. - -=warden.= _Dele_ or (from the arms of Warden Abbey). - - - - - A - - -=aband,= to abandon. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 65; Mirror for Magistrates, -Albanact, st. 20. - -=abatures,= the traces left by a stag in the underwood through which he -has passed. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 26, p. 68. F. _abatture_, a throwing -down. See NED. - -=abeare,= _reflex._, to demean oneself. Only in Spenser in this sense, -F. Q. v. 12. 19; vi. 9. 45. - -=abiliments,= ‘abiliments of war’, warlike accoutrements, things which -made ‘able’ for war. More, Richard III (ed. 1641, 414). OF. -(_h_)_abillement_, ‘tout ce qui est propre à quelque chose, machines de -guerre’ (Didot). - -=able,= to warrant, vouch for. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio); -King Lear, iv. 6. 173. - -=ablesse,= ability. Only in Chapman, Iliad, v. 248. - -=abode,= to forebode, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 93. An announcement, Chapman, -Iliad, xiii. 146, 226. Cp. OE. _ābēodan_, to announce (pp. _āboden_). - -=abodement,= a foreboding, presage, omen. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 13. - -=abord,= used by Spenser for _abroad_, adrift. Ruins of Rome, xiv; -Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 324. - -=aborde,= to approach. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 99, back, l. 8; lf. -103. 6; ‘_I aborde_, as one shyppe dothe an-other’, Palsgrave. F. -_aborder_, to come to the side of; from _à_, to, _bord_, side. - -=abraid, abray,= in Spenser, to start out of sleep, a swoon, to awake; -‘I did out of sleepe abray’, F. Q. iv. 6. 36; ‘Sir Satyrane abraid Out -of the swowne’, F. Q. iv. 4. 22; to arouse, startle, ‘For feare lest her -unwares she should abrayd’, F. Q. iii. 1. 61; ‘The brave maid would not -for courtesie, Out of his quiet slumber him abrade’, F. Q. iii. 11. 8. -ME. _abreyde_, to start up, start from sleep, awake (Chaucer); OE. -_ābregdan_. - -=abraid,= to upbraid. Greene, Alphonsus, ii (Belinus), ed. Dyce, 231; ‘I -abrayde one, I caste one in the tethe’, Palsgrave. A n. Yorks. form -(EDD.). - -=Abram-colour’d,= auburn. Said of a beard. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, ii. 2 (Curvetto); Coriolanus, ii. 3. 21. See Nares. - -=Abram-man, Abraham-man,= a sham patriarch, a begging vagabond. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 5; Massinger, New Way, ii. 1 (Marrall); -‘An Abraham-man is he that walketh bare-armed, and bare-legged, and -fayneth hymselfe mad, . . . and nameth himselfe poor Tom’, Awdeley, -Fraternity of Vagabonds, p. 3. - -=abron,= auburn. ‘Curled head With abron locks was fairly furnished’, -Hall, Satires, v. 8. A Shropsh. pronunciation (EDD.). OF. _auborne_, -Med. L. _alburnus_, ‘subalbus’ (Ducange). - -=abrook,= to brook, endure. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 10. - -=abrupt,= separated, parted asunder. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 -(Maria); as subst., an abrupt place, a precipice over an abyss, Milton, -P. L. ii. 409. - -=absey-book,= a spelling-book, primer. King John, i. 1. 196. For _A-B-C -book_. - -=aby,= to pay the penalty for. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 175; Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 8. 33. ME. _abye_, to pay for (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4393); OE. -_ābycgan_. - -=acates,= provisions that are purchased. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. -1 (P. sen.); Sad Shepherd, i. 3. 19. Norm. F. _acat_, purchase (Moisy). - -=accent,= misused with the sense of ‘scent’. ‘The vines with blossoms do -abound, which yield a sweet _accént_’, Drayton, Harmonie of the Church; -Sol. Song, ch. ii. l. 28. - -=access,= an attack of illness. Also spelt _axes_, Skelton, Garl. of -Laurell, 315; _accesses_, pl., Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 822. _Access_ -is used in Kent and Sussex for an ague-fit (EDD.). F. _accès_, cp. ‘_un -accès de fièvre_’. - -=accite,= to summon. 2 Hen. IV, v. 2. 141; Titus Andron. i. 1. 27; -Chapman, tr. Iliad, ii. 376, has ‘summon’ (his first version had -_accite_); pt. t. _accited_, id. xi. 595; _accite_, imp., Heywood, -Dialogue iv; vol. vi. p. 163. L. _accitare_, to summon. - -=accite,= to excite. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 67; B. Jonson, Underwoods (ed. -1692, p. 563). - -=accloye,= to stop up, choke (with weeds). Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 15; -‘_accloyed_, as a Horse, Accloy’d or Cloyed, i.e. nail’d or prickt in -the shooing’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. F. _encloyer_, ‘to cloy, choak, or -stop up’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. _inclavare_, to lame a horse with a nail -while shoeing (Ducange); L. _clavus_, a nail. - -=accomplement,= accomplishment. Shaks. (?), Edw. III, iv. 6. 66. See -NED. - -=accourt,= to entertain courteously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 16. - -=accoy,= to daunt, tame, soothe. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 48; F. Q. -iv. 8. 59. OF. _acoier_, to quiet; deriv. of _coi_, quiet; cp. Med. L. -_acquietare_ (_adquietare_), ‘quietum reddere’ (Ducange). - -=accoyl,= to assemble, gather together. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30. OF. -_acoillir_, to assemble; Med. L. _accolligere_ (Ducange). - -=accumber, acomber,= to encumber, oppress. ‘That my sowle be not -_acombred_’, Reynard the Fox (ed. Arber, p. 34). Anglo-F. _encumbrer_, -‘accabler’ (Ch. Rol. 15). - -=achates,= provisions, purchased as required. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 31. -See =acates.= - -=acknown,= _pp._ acknowledged. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 229; _to be acknown -on_, to confess knowledge of, Othello, iii. 3. 320; _to be acknowen of_, -to acknowledge, Puttenham, English Poesie, iii. 22 (p. 260). OE. -_oncnāwen_, pp. of _oncnāwan_, to acknowledge. - -=a-cop,= on high; sticking up. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Drugger). OE. -_copp_, top, summit. - -=acopus,= a restorative plant, mentioned by Pliny. Middleton, The Witch, -v. 2 (Hecate). L. _acopus_, Gk. ἄκοπος; ἀ, not + κόπος, weariness. - -=acquest,= an acquisition, gain. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. -90, 172). OF. _aquest_, Med. L. _acquistum_ (Ducange), L. _acquisitum_, -a thing acquired. - - =acquist,= Milton, Samson Ag. 1755. Directly from the Latin, or - from the Ital. _acquisto_. - -=acroche,= to grasp, try to acquire. ‘_I acroche_, as a man dothe that -wynneth goodes or landes off another by sleyght, _Iaccroche_’, -Palsgrave. - -=acton;= see =haqueton.= - -=actuate,= to act. Massinger, Roman Actor, iv. 2 (Paris). Med. L. -_actuare_, ‘perficere’ (Ducange). - -=aculeate,= pointed. Bacon, Essay 57, § 5. L. _aculeus_, a sting, sharp -point. L. _acus_, a needle. - -=adamant,= a load-stone, magnet. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 195; Marlowe, -Edw. II, ii. 5 (Arundel). ME. _adamaunt_, the loadstone or magnet -(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1182). - -=Adamite,= a member of a sect that dispensed with clothes at their -meetings. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 4 (Mis. Car.). Cp. The Guardian, no. -134 (Aug. 14, 1713), § last. - -=adaunt,= to quell, subdue. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8. 11; leaf 79, -back, l. 5. OF. _adonter_, _donter_, L. _domitare_, to tame (Virgil). - -=adauntreley,= error for _ad[u]aunt-relay_, lit. a relay in front; a -laying on of fresh hounds to take up a chase. Return from Parnassus, ii. -5 (Amoretto). From _aduaunt_ (_avaunt_) and _relay_; see _Avant-lay_ in -NED. - -=adaw,= to daunt, suppress, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13; iv. 6. -26; v. 9. 35; Shep. Kal., Feb., 141. A word due to the ME. adv. _adawe_, -in phr. _do adawe_, to put out of life (lit. day), to quell. The ME. -_adawe_ = OE. _of dagum_, out of days. - -=addulce,= to sweeten, render palatable. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -84). - -=adelantado,= a Spanish grandee, a lord-lieutenant. Spelt _adalantado_; -B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Puntarvolo); Alchemist, iii. 2 -(Face); Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Span. _adelantado_, -promoted, advanced, pp. of _adelantar_, to advance. See =lantedo.= - -=adjection,= addition. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 6. 5. L. _adjectio_. - -=adjouste,= to add, give; lit. to adjust. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 43. -2; lf. 141, back, 24. - -=adminiculation,= aid, help, support. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. -i, c. 3, § last; c. 8, § 6; c. 13, § 4. Med. L. _adminiculatio_, -‘auxilium’, _adminiculus_, ‘minister’ (Ducange). - -=admire,= to wonder. Milton, P. L. ii. 677; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. 167. - -=adore.= A form of _adorn_ in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 46. - -=adoubted,= afraid. Morte Arthur, leaf 241. 2; bk. x, c. 12 (end). - -=adowbe,= to adub, to equip, array. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 32. 28; -lf. 222. 15. Also _adubbe_, to dub a knight, id. 312. 31. Anglo-F. -_aduber_, ‘armer’ (Ch. Rol.), also _adubber_. - -=adrad,= _pp._ dreaded. Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 4; frightened; -Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 304. ME. _adrad_, afraid (Chaucer, C. T. A. -605); OE. _ofdrǣd_, frightened. - -=adrop= (ádrop), a term in alchemy; either the lead out of which the -mercury was to be extracted to make ‘the philosopher’s stone’, or the -stone itself. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surface). - -=adust,= parched, burnt up. Bacon, Essay 36; Milton, P. L. xii. 635. -Also _adusted_, P. L. vi. 514. L. _adustus_, burnt up, pp. of _adurere_. - -=advaile,= ‘avail’, advantage, profit. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, -c. 9, § 6. - -=advant-garde,= vanguard. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 35; bk. i, c. 15. -F. _avant-garde_ (Cotgr.) See Dict. (s.v. Van). - -=advaunt,= _reflex._, to boast, brag, ‘vaunt’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 4 (end); bk. i, c. 15, § 3. - -=advision,= vision. Morte Arthur, leaf 14. 15; Table of Contents, xiv. -7. ME. _avisioun_ (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 7). - -=advoutresse,= an adulteress. Roister Doister, v. 3. 9. Bacon, Essay 19, -§ 6. ME. _avoutresse_ (Wyclif, Rom. vii. 3); OF. _avoutresse_. - -=adyt, addit,= a recess or sanctuary of a temple. Greene, A -Looking-glass, iv. 3 (1543); p. 137, col. 1. L. _adytum_, Gk. ἄδυτον, -not to be entered, sacred; from ἀ, not, δύειν, to enter. - -=aerie= (in Shakespeare), the brood of a bird of prey, and particularly -of hawks, King John, v. 2. 149; Rich. III, i. 3. 264; ‘aerie of -children’ (with reference to the young choristers of the Chapel Royal -and St. Paul’s, who took part in plays), Hamlet ii. 2. 354. The word -represents an OF. _airiée_, pp. of _aairier_, _adairier_, Romanic type -_adareare_, der. of Med. L. _area_, ‘accipitrum nidus’ (Ducange). - -=aeromancy,= divination by the air. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, i. 2 -(188); scene 2. 17 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). - -=aesture,= surge, raging of the sea. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 111. -Deriv. of L. _aestus_, the heaving motion of the sea. - -=afeard,= afraid. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 28; _affered_, Dryden, Cock and -Fox, 136. In gen. prov. use throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England -(EDD.). ME. _afered_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 482, OE. _āfǣred_, -frightened, pp. of _āfǣran_. - -=affamed of,= famished by, starved by. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 248, -back, 2. F. _affamé_, famished, starved (Cotgr.). - -=affect,= to love, be fond of. Two Gent. iii. 1. 82; Two Noble Kinsmen, -ii. 4. 2. L. _affectare_, to strive after a thing passionately. - -=affect,= affection, passion. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 45; vi. 5. 24; Hymn -in Honour of Love, 180. L. _affectus_, passion, desire. - -=affectionate,= to feel affection for. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, -iii. 3; scene 10. 78 (W.); p. 171, col. 1 (D.). - -=affrap,= to strike sharply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 26; iii. 2. 6. Ital. -_affrappare_, to beat (Florio). - -=affret,= onset, fierce encounter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; iv. 3. 16. -Cp. Ital. _affrettare_, to hasten, make speed (Florio). - -=affront,= to meet face to face, to encounter. Hamlet, iii. 1. 31; Ford, -Perkin Warbeck, v. 1 (Dalyell). _Affront_, an accost, meeting. Greene, -Tu Quoque, or The City Gallant; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 265. F. -_affronter_, ‘to come before, or face to face’ (Cotgr.). - -=affy,= to betroth, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 80; _to affy in_, to trust in, -Titus Andron. i. 1. 47. Anglo-F. _afier_, ‘affirmer, assurer; mettre sa -confiance en, se fier à’ (Moisy). Med. L. _affidare_, ‘fidem dare’ -(Ducange). - -=afterclap,= an unexpected consequence, generally unpleasant. Latimer, -Serm. I, 27; _after-claps_, pl., Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 4; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 49; Taylor, Life of Old Parr (EDD.). In prov. use in -various parts of England (EDD.). - -=agate,= on the way. ‘Let him agate’; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 6 -(Phantastes); ‘Let us be agate, let us start’; Interlude of Youth, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 25. In prov. use in the north country, and in -various other parts of England (EDD.). - -=agazed,= astounded, amazed. Surrey, Description of Restless State, 44 -in Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 4); _agaz’d on_, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. 126. -Prob. a variant of ME. _agast_ (Wyclif), E. _aghast_. - -=agerdows,= compounded of sour and sweet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -1250. F. _aigre-doux_, sour-sweet. L. _acer_ and _dulcis_. - -=aggrace,= to shew grace and favour. Pt. t. _agraste_; Spenser, F. Q. i. -10. 18. Hence _aggrace_, sb. favour; id. ii. 8. 56. Ital. _aggraziare_, -to confer a favour; _agratiare_, to favour (Florio). Med. L. -_aggratiare_ (Ducange). - -=aggrate,= to please, delight, charm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 50; v. 11. -19; vi. 10. 33. Ital. _aggratare_, ‘to sute’ (Florio). - -=aglet,= the metal end or tag of a lace. ‘He made hys pen of the aglet -of a poynte that he plucked from hys hose’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. 1869, p. -117); a metallic stud or spangle. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 5; -‘_Tremolante_, aglets or spangles’ (Florio). In Cumberland the metal end -of a bootlace is called an _aglet_ (EDD.). ME. _aglet_, to lace wyth -alle (Prompt. Harl. MS.). F. _aiguillette_, a point (Cotgr.). - -=agloute,= to feed to satisfaction, to glut. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, -leaf 187, back, 14; lf. 41, back, 5. ME. _aglotye_ (P. Plowman, C. x. -76). See NED. (s.v. Aglut). - -=agnize,= to recognize, acknowledge. Othello, i. 3. 232; _agnise_, -Udall, Erasmus Apophth. (ed. 1877, 271). Formed on the analogy of -_recognize_, cp. L. _agnoscere_, to acknowledge. - -=a-good,= in good earnest, heartily. Two Gent. of Verona, iv. 3; Udall, -Roister Doister, iii. 4 (near the end); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2 -(Ithamar). See Nares. - -=agreve,= to aggravate, make more grievous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i. c. 6 (end); Sir T. More, Rich. III (ed. Lumby, p. 68, l. 13). ME. -_agrevyn_, ‘aggravare’ (Prompt. EETS. 200). Anglo-F. _agrever_ (Moisy). - -=agrim, agrum,= a common 16th-cent. form of ‘algorism’, a name for the -Arabic or decimal system of numeration, hence arithmetic; ‘I reken, I -counte by cyfers of agrym’, Palsgrave; ‘As a Cypher in Agrime’, Foxe, A. -& M. iii. 265 (NED.); ‘A poor cypher in agrum’, Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, -p. 379, col. 1). ME. _awgrym_: ‘As siphre . . . in awgrym that noteth a -place and no thing availith’ (Richard Redeles. iv. 53); _algorisme_ -(Gower, C. A. vii. 155). OF. _augorisme_, Med. L. _algorismus_, -‘numerandi ars’ (Ducange), cp. Span. _alguarismo_ (_guarismo_), -arithmetic (Stevens), from _al-Khowârezmi_, the surname of a famous Arab -mathematician who lived in the 9th cent. See Dozy, Glossaire, 131. - -=agrise, agryse,= to terrify, horrify. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 46; iii. 2. -24; _agrysed_, afraid, W. Browne, Shepherd’s Pipe, i. 501. OE. -_agrīsan_, to shudder. - -=agrum;= see =agrim.= - -=aguise, aguize,= to dress, array, deck. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 21. 31; -ii. 6. 7. Cp. _guize_, fashion, appearance, ii. 2. 14; ii. 6. 25; ii. -12. 21. - -=aim,= in phr. _to cry aim_, to encourage an archer by crying out _aim!_ -King John, ii. 1. 196; _to give aim_, to direct; see Webster, Vittoria -(ed. Dyce, p. 20). The giver of aim stood near the butts, and reported -the success of the shot. Hence _aim-giving_, Ascham, Toxophilus, 160. - -=A-la-mi-re,= a name given to the octave of _A-re_; the latter being the -second lowest note in the scale, which was denoted by the letter A, and -sung to the syllable _re_. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Crotchet); -Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 107. N.B. Wrongly defined in the NED.; but the -right definition, with a full explanation, is given in NED. under the -heading _A-re_. The octave of A was, in fact, sung to the syllable _la_ -when occurring in the second hexachord, which began with C; to _mi_, in -the third hexachord, which began with F; and to _re_, in the fourth, -which began with the octave of G. - -=alate,= of late, lately. King Lear, i. 4. 208; Greene, Friar Bacon, i. -1. 3. Still in use in Yorks. and Lancashire (EDD.). ME. _a-late_ (Dest. -Troy, 4176). - -=albricias,= a reward for good news. Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, v. -1 (Pedro); Digby, Elvira, ii. 1. 1. Span. _albricias_, reward for newes -(Minsheu). Arab. _al bishâra_, joyful tidings, cp. Port. _alviçaras_. -See Dozy, _Glossaire_, 74. - -=alcatote,= a simpleton, a foolish fellow. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1 -(Spadone). Cp. the Devon word _alkitotle_ (EDD.). - -=alcatras,= a name given by English voyagers to the Frigate Bird, -_Tachypetes aquilus_, Drayton, The Owl, 549. Port. _alcatráz_, ‘mauve, -goéland: oiseau de mer; pélican du Chili, cormoran, calao des Moluques; -_alcatráz les Antilhas_, onocrotale, grand gosier, oiseau de marais’ -(Roquette). - -=alchemy,= a metallic composition imitating gold; spelt _alcumy_, -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); applied to a trumpet of such -metal or of brass, ‘Put to their mouths the sounding alchymie’, Milton, -P. L. ii. 517. - -=Alchoroden,= or =Alchochoden,= the planet which rules in the principal -parts of an astrological figure, at the nativity of any one, and which -regulates the number of years he has to live. Beaumont and Fl., Bloody -Brother, iv. 1 (Norbret). So explained in a note. Spelt _alchochoden_, -B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). From Pers. _Kat-khudā_, -lord of the ascendant (Richardson). See =almuten.= - -=alcumise, alchemize,= to change by help of alchemy, to transmute -metals. Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1 (Midas). - -=alcumyn,= a kind of brass. Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 904. For -_alchem-ine_; see =alchemy.= - -=alder,= of all; _your alder_ speed, the help of you all; Everyman, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 135. ME. _alder_ (Chaucer). OE. _ealra_, gen. pl. -of _eall_, all. - - =alderliefest,= dearest of all, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 28; ‘the - alderliefest swain of all’, Greene, Descript. Shepherd, 42 (ed. - Dyce, p. 304). ME. _alderleuest_ (Chaucer, Tr. & Cr. iii. 239). - -=ale,= an ale-house. Two Gent. ii. 5. 61; _at the ale_, Greene, A -Looking-glass, iv. 4 (1616); p. 138, col. 1. Cp. ME. _atten ale_, at the -ale-house (P. Plowman, B. vi. 117). - -=ale-bottle,= a wooden ale-keg. Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 4 -(Firk). - -=alecie,= drunkenness; a humorous formation from _ale_, with _-cie_ -added, as in _luna-cie_ (lunacy). ‘Lunasie or _alecie_’, Lyly, Mother -Bombie, iv. 2 (Riscio). - -=Ale-conner,= an officer appointed to look to the assize and goodness of -bread and ale. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb., iii. 3 (Oliver). A -Lincolnshire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ale, 3). - -=alegge,= to allay. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 5. ME. _alleggyn_ or -softyn peyn, ‘allevio, mitigo’ (Prompt. EETS. 21). - -=alembic,= an alchemist’s still; sometimes, the head of the still. B. -Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon); spelt _lembic_, iii. 2. 4. - -=ale-stake,= a stake or pole projecting from an ale-house, to bear a -bush, garland, or other sign. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 191. - -=alew,= halloo, outcry. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 13. - -=alferez,= an ensign, standard-bearer. Fletcher, Rule a Wife, i. 1. 12; -_alfarez_, B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1 (Tipto). Span. _alférez_. Arab. -_al-fâris_, a horseman, from _faras_, a horse. - -=alfridaria,= used of the power which a planet has (each for seven -years) over a man’s life. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 5. From Arab. root -_faraḍa_, to define, decree, appoint a time for a thing; with suffix -_-aria_. - -=alga,= seaweed. Dryden, Astræa Redux, 119. L. _alga_. - -=algate=(=s,= always, continually. Stanyhurst, Aeneid, 1 (ed. 1880, 20); -altogether, ‘Una now he algates must forgoe’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2; -nevertheless, notwithstanding, Shep. Kal., Nov., 21. _Algates_ is a -north country word, meaning ‘in every way, by all means’ (EDD.). ME. -_algates_, notwithstanding (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2222); _allegate_, in -every way (Ancren Riwle). See NED. - -=alguazier, algazier,= an ‘alguazil’, warrant-officer, serjeant. -Fletcher, Span. Curate, v. 2 (heading); Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Span. -_alguazir_ (alguazil); Port. _al-vasil_, _al-vazir_; Arab. _al-wazîr_, -‘the minister’, officer, ‘vizier’, from root _wazara_, to carry. - -=alicant, alligant,= wine from Alicante in Spain. Fletcher, The Chances, -i. 8. 10; Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown); _aligant_, A Match at -Midnight, v. 1 (Sim.). - -=a’ life,= as my life, extremely. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 3 (1 -Creditor); The Widow, i. 1 (Martino); iv. 1 (2 Suitor). - -=alkedavy,= the palace of a cadi or alcalde. Heywood, The Fair Maid, iv. -3 (Mullisheg); v. 1 (Mullisheg). From Arab. _alqâḍawî_, the (palace) of -the cadi. - -=allay,= alloy. Bacon, Essay 1, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 320. -ME. _alay_, inferior metal combined with one of greater value (P. -Plowman, B. xv. 342). Norm. F. _aley_, _alay_, from _aleier_, to -combine. L. _alligare_. - -=allect,= to allure, entice. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14, § -13; Sir T. More, Works (1557), p. 275, col. 1. Med. L. _allectare_ -(Ducange). - -=allegge,= to alleviate. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 15. See =alegge.= - -=alleggeaunce,= alleviation. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 42. OF. _alegeance_, -deriv. of _alegier_, to alleviate. L. _alleviare_, to lighten. - -=all-hid,= the game of hide and seek. Love’s Lab. L., iv. 3. 78; cf. -Hamlet, iv. 2. 32; Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 27; Tourneur, Rev. Trag., -iii. 5. 82. - -=All-holland-tide;= see =Hollandtide.= - -=alligarta,= alligator. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo); -_aligarta_, Romeo and J., v. 1. 43 (1st Q.). Span. _el lagarto_, the -lizard. - -=alloune, aloune,= let us go. Anglicized form of F. _allons_. Marston, -What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure). - -=all-to-bepowdered,= powdered all over. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, v. 2 -(Mrs. Amlet). - -=all-to ruffled,= ruffled extremely. Milton, Comus, 380. The incorrect -compound _all-to_ came into use about 1500, in place of the older idiom -which would have given the form _all to-ruffled_, with the _to-_ linked -to the verb. Here _all_, adv., meant ‘extremely’, and merely emphasized -the prefix _to-_. Spelt _all to ruffl’d_ (1645). - -=almacanter, almucantury,= a small circle of the sphere parallel to the -horizon, representing a parallel of altitude. Beaumont and Fl., Bloody -Brother, iv. 2 (la Fiske). Cp. Chaucer, Astrolabe, pt. ii, § 5. Spelt -_almacantara_, B. Jonson, Staple of News. ii. 1 (P. senior). Arab. -_al-muqanṭarât_, pl., bridges, arcs, almucanters. See Dozy, 164. - -=Almain,= a German. Othello, ii. 3. 87; a kind of dance, Peele, Arraign. -of Paris, ii. 2, 28; hence _Almain-leap_, B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. -1 (Satan); _the Almond leape_, Cotgrave (s.v. Saut). OF. _aleman_, -German (mod. _allemand_). - -=almery,= an aumbry, a cupboard. Morte Arthur, leaf 362, back, 24; bk. -xvii. c. 23; _ambry_, Stanyhurst’s Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber. p. 44. 2). -For various prov. forms of this word see EDD. (s.v. Ambry). ME. -_almery_, of mete kepyng, ‘cibutum’ (Prompt. EETS. 10). Norm. F. -_almarie_ (Moisy), Med. L. _armarium_ (Prompt. 395), deriv. of L. -_arma_, gear, tools. - -=almuten,= the prevailing or ruling planet in a nativity. ‘Almuten lord -of the geniture,’ Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret and Rusee); -‘And Mars Almuthen, or lord of the horoscope’, Massinger, City Madam, -ii. 2 (Stargaze); ‘Almuten Alchochoden’, Tomkis, Albumazar ii. 5 (end). -Error for _almutaz_ (NED.); from Arab. _al_, the, and _muʿtaz_, -prevailing, from _ʿazz_, to be powerful. - -=alonely,= solely. Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 3. 160; _all alonely_, Barnes, -Works, p. 226, col. 2; _alonely_, id. p. 227, col. 2. From _all_ and -_only_. - -=alow,= below, low down. Dryden, Cymon, 370. ‘Ship, by bearing sayl -alowe, withstandeth stormes’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 2. In use in Scotland -(EDD.). ME. _alowe_: ‘Why somme (briddes) be alowe and somme alofte’ (P. -Plowman, B. xii. 222). - -=aloyse!= _interj._, look! see! see now! ‘_Aloyse! aloyse_, how pretie -it is, is not here a good face?’ Damon and Pithias; in Hazlitt, iv. 79; -Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 91. - -=alphin, alphyn,= a bishop, in the game of chess. Caxton, Game of the -Chesse, bk. ii. ch. 3. § 1. OF. _alfin_, Span. _al-fil_; from Arab. -_al-fîl_, ‘the elephant’. Pers. _pîl_, elephant; see Dozy, Glossaire, -113, 114. - -=als,= also. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 18; ii. 1. 7. 40; iv. 7. 35. _As als_, -as also; id. iv. 4. 2. _Als_ is short for _also_, and _as_ is short for -_als_; hence _as als_ = also also. - -=alther,= of all. _Alther fyrste_, first of all; Caxton, Hist. Troye, -leaf 303. 2. See =alder.= - -=altitonant,= thundering from on high. Middleton, World Tost at Tennis -(Pallas). L. _altitonans_, with reference to Jupiter. - -=altitudes,= _in the altitudes_, in a lofty mood, full of airs. Beaumont -and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); _in his altitudes_, Vanbrugh, -The Confederacy, v. 2 (Brass). - -=alture,= altitude; said of the sun. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lv., l. 29. -Ital. _altura_, height; _alto_, high. L. _altus_, high. - -=aludel,= an alchemist’s pot, used for sublimation. B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). F. _aludel_, OF. _alutel_. Arab. _al-uthāl_, -the utensil. See NED. - -=alvarado,= the rousing of soldiers at dawn of day by the beating of the -drum or the firing of a gun; ‘so that the very alverado given sounds the -least hope of conquest’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon (Works, iii. 255); O. -Fortunatus, ii. 1 (Soldan). Port. _alvorada_, ‘aube, la pointe du jour; -(Mil.). Diane, battement de tambour, coup de canon à la pointe du jour -pour éveiller les soldats’; _alvór_, ‘la première pointe du jour’ -(Roquette). - -=amate,= to dismay, daunt, confound. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 45; ii. 1. 6 -and 2. 5; Greene, Orl. Fur. ii. 1 (488); ‘_Matter_, to quell, mate, -amate’, Cotgrave. Norm. F. _amatir_, ‘soumettre par la frayeur, -terrifier’ (Moisy). See Nares. - -=amazza,= (perhaps) slaughter. Pl. _amazza’s_; Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. -1 (Choler). From Ital. _ammazzare_, to slay (Florio). - -=amber,= to perfume with ambergris. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, iii. 2 (Zabulon). The sb. is spelt _ambre_ in B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). - -=ambidexter,= one who acts with either party, a double-dealer. -Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat); Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, -p. 503. Med. L. _ambidexter_, ‘judex qui ab utraque parte dona accipit’ -(Ducange). - -=Ambree, Mary,= an English heroine, who fought at the siege of Ghent in -1584. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady); B. Jonson, Tale of a -Tub, i. 2 (Turfe). - -=amell,= to enamel. Pp. _amell’d_; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 123. ‘I -_ammell_ as a goldesmyth dothe his worke, _Jesmaille_’, Palsgrave. ME. -_amelen_, to enamel (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1080). Anglo-F. _aymeler_ -(Rough List). See =aumayld.= - -=amenage,= to domesticate, make quite tame. Only in Spenser, F. Q. ii, -4. 11. OF. _amenagier_, _amesnagier_, to receive into a house. Deriv. of -_mesnage_, a household, whence E. _menagerie_. - -=amenaunce,= conduct, behaviour, mien. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 17; Mother -Hubberd’s Tale, 781. Deriv. of F. _amener_, to lead, conduct. - -=ames-ace,= double aces, the lowest throw with dice. All’s Well, ii. 3. -85; used as a term of contempt, _ambs-ace_, Beaumont and Fl., Queen of -Corinth, iv. 1 (Page). ME. _ambes as_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 124). Norm. F. -_ambes as_, ‘deux as, mauvaise chance’ (Moisy). See =aums-ace.= - -=amiss,= a fault, misdeed, misfortune. Hamlet, iv. 5. 18; Sonnet xxxv. -7; cli. 3; Heywood, Pt. 2, King Edward IV (Works, i. 119). - -=amite,= aunt. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 88, back, 13. L. _amita_, -father’s sister. - -=ammiral,= admiral. Milton, P. L. i. 294. OF. _amiral_; Port. _amiralh_. - -=amomus,= amomum, an odoriferous plant. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 13 -(from end). L. _amomum_; Gk. ἄμωμον. See NED. - -=amoneste,= to admonish. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216. 1; lf. 327. 17. -Anglo-F. _amonester_ (Rough List). - -=amoret,= a love-glance, a loving look. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 -(1264); scene 9. 177 (W.); p. 168, col. 2; also iv. 2 (1668); scene 12. -8 (W.); p. 173, col. 2. F. _amourette_, a love-trick (Cotgr.). - -=amort,= in phr. _all amort_, spiritless, dejected. Greene, Friar Bacon, -i. 1; Taming Shrew, iv. 3. 36; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 124. The phr. is due -to F. _à la mort_, to the death. See NED. - -=amortise,= to alienate in mortmain, to convey (property) to a -corporation. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 71. Anglo-F. _amortir_ (see -Rough List). Med. L. _admortire_, ‘concedere in manum mortuam’ -(Ducange). - -=a-mothering;= see =mothering.= - -=amphiboly,= an ambiguity, a sentence that can be construed in two -different senses. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Compass). L. -_amphibolia_; Gk. ἀμφιβολία, ambiguity. - -=amphisbæna,= a serpent fabled to have a head at each end, and hence -capable of advancing in either direction. Milton, P. L. x. 524. Gk. -ἀμφίσβαινα, a kind of serpent that can go either forwards or backwards -(Aeschylus). - -=amrell,= admiral. Skelton, How the douty Duke of Albany, 55. See -=ammiral.= - -=amuse,= to distract, bewilder, puzzle. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 6 -(Macro); ‘I am amused, I am in a quandary, gentlemen.’ Chapman, Mons. -D’Olive, ii. (D’Olive). See Dict. - -=an,= if (freq. in Shaks.); in old edds. mostly written _and_. Of very -freq. occurrence in the phrase _an it please you_, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 18; -_an if_, if, Othello, iii. 4. 83. See =and if.= - -=anadem,= a wreath, chaplet. B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers (Truth); -Drayton, The Owl, 1168. Gk. ἀνάδημα, a headband; from ἀναδέειν, to bind -up. - -=analects,= pl. scraps, gleanings. ‘No gleanings, James? No -trencher-_analects_?’ (lit. gleanings from trenchers), Cartwright, The -Ordinary, iii. 5 (Rhymewell). Gk. ἀνάλεκτα, things gathered up; from -_ἀναλέγειν_, to pick up. - -=anatomy,= a skeleton. King John, iii. 4. 25; Com. Errors, v. 1. 238; -Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 121. Cf. =atomy.= - -=anchor,= an anchorite, hermit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 229. ME. _ancre_, a -hermit (P. Plowman, C. i. 30; ix. 146). OE. _ancra_ (Ælfric), shortened -from Eccles. L. _anachoreta_ (Ducange); Gk. ἀναχορητής, one who -withdraws, retires (from the world). - -=ancient,= an ‘ensign’, standard, or flag. Hence, _ancient-bearer_, a -standard-bearer, an ‘ensign’; ‘_alférez_, an ancient-bearer, signifer’, -Percivall, Span. Dict.; ‘office or charge, as captaine . . . sergeant, -ancient-bearer’, Act 3, Jas. I (NED.); Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 2 -(Shadow); also _ancient_ (alone), ‘Welcome, Ancient Pistol!’ 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 120; Othello, i. 1. 33. A corrupt form of _ensign_. Anglo-F. -_enseigne_, a standard (Rough List). - -=ancome,= a boil, a foul swelling. Eastward Ho! iii. 2 (Mrs. T.). -‘_Vijt_, an ancombe, or a sore upon one’s finger’, Hexham. _Ancome_ is a -north-country word (EDD.). ME. _oncome_; used of the plagues of Egypt -(Cursor M., 5927). Cp. Icel. _ákoma_, arrival, visitation; eruption on -the skin. - -=and if= (a redundant expression, both particles having the same -meaning). ‘But and yf that evyll servaunt shall saye in his herte,’ -Tyndal, Matt. xxiv. 48 (cp. A. V.); Two Gent. iii. 1. 257; All’s Well, -ii. 1. 74. See =an.= - -=andveld,= an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, back, 16. ME. -_anefeld_ (Wyclif, Job xli. 15), OE. _anfilte_ (Sweet). - -=anele,= to anoint with holy oil. ‘I aneele a sicke man, I anoynte hym -with holy oyle’; and ‘I aneele a sicke man . . . j’enhuylle’, Palsgrave. -Hence =unaneled,= q.v. ME. _anelen_ (R. Brunne, Handl. Synne, 11269). -Deriv. of OE. _ele_, oil, L. _oleum_. - -=an-end,= on end. Hamlet, i. 5. 19; _still an-end_, continually, Two -Gent. iv. 4. 68. _An-end_ in the sense of ‘without stop or intermission’ -is in prov. use in various parts of England from Durham to Cornwall, see -EDD. (s.v. On-end, 3). - -=anenst,= side by side with, beside, opposite, in view of; ‘And right -anenst him’, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). See EDD. (s.v. -Anent). ME. _anentis_, with, in view of; ‘Anentis men this thing is -impossible, but anentis God alle thingis ben possible’ (Wyclif, Matt. -xix. 26); _anent_ ‘juxta’ (Barbour’s Bruce, viii. 124). OE. _on efen_, -on even (ground) with. - -=angel,= applied to a bird. ‘An _angel_ of the air’, Two Noble Kinsmen, -i. 1. 16; ‘Roman angel’, the eagle, Massinger, ii. 2 (Harpax). - -=angel,= a gold coin worth 10_s._ Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 56. Very common, -and often used in quibbles. - -=angelot,= a small rich cheese, made in Normandy. Davenant, The Wits, -iv. 1 (Y. Pallantine). Said to be so called from being stamped with the -coin called an _angelot_, a piece struck by Louis XI (so Littré). F. -_angelot_, the cheese called an angelot (Cotgr.). - -=angler,= a term used of a thief who fished for plunder, through an open -window, with a rod, line, and hook. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Moll). - -=another-gates,= of a different kind. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. -428; Lyly, Mother Bombie, A. i (Nares). From _gate_, a way; lit. ‘of -another way’. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.). - -=another-guess,= of a different kind. ‘This is another-guess sort’, -Foote, The Orators, A. iii (O’Drogheda). Howell has the intermediate -form _another-gets_ in his Famil. Letters, vol. i. sect. 4. letter 9 -(Feb. 5, 1635). Corruption of the form above. In prov. use in -Gloucestershire (EDD.). - -=anslaight,= an onslaught. Fletcher, M. Thomas, ii. 2 _or_ ii. 3 -(Sebastian). Some read _onslaught_; see NED. - -=anthropophagi,= pl. man-eaters, cannibals. Othello, i. 3. 144; Greene, -Orl. Fur. i. 1. 111 (Orlando, p. 90, col. 2). L. pl. of -_anthropophagus_, Gk. ἀνθρωποφάγος, man-eating; from ἄνθρωπος, a man, -φαγεῖν, to eat. - -=antick,= a grotesque pageant or theatrical representation. Ford, Love’s -Sacrifice, iii. 2 (Fernando); Love’s Lab. L., v. 1. 119. - -=antick,= a burlesque performer, buffoon, merry-andrew. Richard II, iii. -2. 162; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 51. Ital. _antico_, grotesque. L. -_antiquus_, antique. For the development of the meaning of the Ital. -_antico_ from ‘antique’ to ‘grotesque’, see the full account in NED. - -=antimasque,= a burlesque interlude between the acts of a masque. The -prefix is uncertain; perhaps for L. _ante_, before (NED.). But B. Jonson -has the form _antick-masque_, Masque of Augurs (Noteh). Bacon has -_anti-masque_, Essay 37; cf. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 2 (Lorenzo). - -=antiperistasis,= a contrast of circumstances; opposition. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Mercury). Gk. ἀντιπερίστασις, -reciprocal replacement of two substances. - -=antlier,= an antler, tine of a stag’s horn. ‘The first _antlier_, which -Phoebus calleth and termeth _antoiller_’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21, p. -53. The lowest tine was _the burre_, growing out of _the pearles_; the -second tine, the _antlier_; the third, the _surantlier_; the next, -_royal_ and _surroyal_; and those at the top, _croches_ (more correctly -spelt _troches_ at p. 137); see Turbervile (as above), p. 54. ‘The thing -that beareth the antliers, royals, and tops [or troches] ought to be -called _the beame_, and the little clyffes or streakes therein are -called _gutters_’; id. p. 53. OF. _antoillier_ (F. _andouiller_). - -=antre,= a cave. Othello, i. 3. 140. F. _antre_, L. _antrum_, Gk. -ἄντρον. - -=aourne,= to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 223, back, 17; lf. 253, -back, 15. Anglo-F. _aourner_ (_adourner_), to adorn (Gower). - -=apaid, appaid,= satisfied. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 381 (Guenthian); -Chapman, Iliad, v. 143; Milton, P. L. xii. 401; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. -28; v. 11. 64; Shep. Kal., Aug., 6. ME. _apayed_, satisfied (Wyclif, -Luke iii. 14); pp. of _apayen_. Norm. F. _apaier_ (Moisy); deriv. of -_paier_, L. _pacare_, to pacify. - -=apayre,= to impair, injure. Morte Arthur, leaf 51, back, 12; bk. iii. -c. 3. ME. _apeyryn_, to make worse (Prompt. EETS. 21). OF. _empeirer_, -deriv. of L. _peiorare_, from _peior_, worse. See =appair.= - -=apeche, appeche,= to ‘impeach’, charge with a crime. Morte Arthur, leaf -212, back, 23; bk. x. c. 7; ‘I apeche, I accuse’, Palsgrave. ME. -_apechyn_, ‘appellare’ (Prompt. EETS. 13). Anglo-F. _empescher_ (Rough -List). Late L. _impedicare_, to hinder, catch by a fetter (Ducange). See -=appeach.= - -=A-per-se,= A by itself; a type of excellence, because A begins the -alphabet. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Lazarillo); Mirror -for Mag., Warwicke, st. 1. - -=apostata,= apostate. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 3 (Theoph.); v. 2 -(Artemia). The usual old form. - -=apostle spoons,= silver spoons, the handle of each terminating in the -figure of an apostle; usually given by sponsors at christenings. B. -Jonson, Barthol. Fair, Act i (Quarlous); Fletcher, Noble Gentlemen, v. 2 -(Longueville). - -=appair, apaire,= to impair, damage. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. -7, § last; Skelton, Against Garnesche, i. 19. Also intrans.; ‘I appayre -or waxe worse’, Palsgrave. See =apayre.= - -=appeach,= to ‘impeach’, accuse, censure. Richard II, v. 2. 79; Spenser, -F. Q. v. 9. 47. See =apeche.= - -=apperil,= peril, risk. Timon, i. 2. 32; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 3 -(Sledge); Magnetic Lady, v. 6 (Ironside). - -=appertise,= dexterity, a feat of dexterity. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -122, back, 4; lf. 303, back, 29. OF. _appertise_, ‘industrie, dextérité, -tour d’adresse’; Histoire de Charles VII: ‘Fist de belles vaillances et -appertises d’armes contre les Anglois’, see Didot, Glossaire; _appert_, -‘adroit industrieux, habile en sa profession’ (id.). Cp. O. Prov. -_espert_, ‘adroit, habile’ (Levy). L. _expertus_. - -=apple-John,= or _John-apple_, an apple said to keep for two years, and -in perfection when shrivelled. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 5; Dekker, Old -Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow). Ripe about St. John’s day (June 24). -Purposely confused with _apple-squire_, a pander, B. Jonson, Barth. -Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). - -=apple-squire,= a pander. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 8 (Kiteley); -Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, Meg’s Song. - -=apposal,= a posing question. Skelton has _apposelle_, Garl. of Laurell, -141. From _appose_, v. - -=appose,= to ‘pose’, to ask a difficult question. Udall, Roister -Doister, i. 1. 14; Short Catechism, Edw. VI, 495 (NED.). ME. _appose_, -_apose_ (P. Plowman, C. ii. 45). Cp. to question (Chaucer, C. T. G. -363), Prompt. 13: ‘_Aposen_ or _oposyn_, opponere’. F. _aposer_ (for -_opposer_), to make a trial of a person’s learning; see Palsgrave (s.v. -Oppose). - -=appropinque,= to approach. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. 590. L. -_appropinquare_. - -=approve,= to prove, demonstrate to be true; to corroborate, confirm. -Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 79; All’s Well, iii. 7. 13; to put to the proof, -test, as in _approved_, tested, tried, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 54. - -=apricock,= an apricot. Richard II, iii. 4. 29; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. -1. 291. ‘_Abricot_, the abricot or apricock plumb’, Cotgrave. _Apricock_ -is in common prov. use in various parts of England from the north -country to Somerset; _abricock_ is the usual form in West Somerset -(EDD.). Port. _albricoque_. - -=aqueity,= watery quality. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). - -=arace, arasche,= to tear, tear away. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 256, -back, 14; lf. 319. 1. ‘I _arace_, I pull a thyng by violence from one’, -Palsgrave. ME. _arace_, to uproot (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 954). OF. -_esrachier_; L. _exradicare_, to tear up by the roots. - -=arber, erber,= the whole ‘pluck’ of a slain animal. _To make the -erbere_, to take out the ‘pluck’, the first stage in disembowelling, -Boke of St. Albans, fol. iij.; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 (Hubert); -spelt _arbor_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). F. _herbier_, ‘le -premier ventricule du bœuf et des autres animaux qui ruminent’, Dict. de -l’Acad. (1762). - -=arblast,= a cross-bow used for the discharge of arrows, bolts, stones, -&c., Caxton, Chron. Eng. xxviii. 23 (NED.). ME. _arblaste_ (Rob. Glouc., -ed. 1810, 377). Anglo-F. _arbeleste_, Late L. _arcubalista_, a bow for -throwing missiles. - -=arblaster,= a cross-bowman, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 144, back, 20; -lf. 284, back, 30. ME. _arblaster_ (K. Alisaunder, ed. Weber, 2613). -Anglo-F. _arblaster_, Med. L. _arcubalistarius_ (Ducange). - -=arcted,= pp. closely allied. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 336. L. -_arctare_, to draw close; from _arctus_, confined. See =art= (to -constrain). - -=arecte,= to assign, attribute, impute. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 95. The -form used by Lydgate for _arette_. Med. L. _arrectare_, to accuse -(Ducange), due to association with _rectum_. See =arette.= - -=areed,= to counsel, advise. Milton, P. L. iv. 962; Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, viii. 85; to explain, recount, Drayton, vi. 87. ME. _arede_, to -explain, counsel (Chaucer). OE. _ārǣdan_, to explain. - -=areed,= advice. Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Little John); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 116. - -=arette,= to count, reckon. Morte Arthur, Caxton’s Pref., leaf. 1, back. -(_Aret_, _arret_, misused in Spenser in the sense of ‘to entrust, -allot’; F. Q. ii. 8. 8; iii. 8. 7.) ME. _aretten_, to count, reckon -(Wyclif, Luke xxii. 37). Anglo-F. _aretter_, to lay to one’s charge -(Rough List); cp. Span. _retar_, to accuse. O. Prov. _reptar_, ‘blâmer, -accuser’ (Levy). L. _reputare_, to count, reckon. - -=arew,= in a row. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 29. Chapman, tr. Iliad, vi. 259; -Odyssey, viii. 679. _Rew_ is a prov. form of the word ‘row’ (EDD.). ME. -_a-rew_, ‘seriatim’ (Prompt. EETS. 15); _a-rewe_, in succession -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 1254). OE. _rǣw_, a row. See =rew.= - -=argaile,= argol; i.e. tartar deposited from wine and adhering to the -side of a cask. B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). ME. _argoile_, -crude tartar (Chaucer, C. T. G. 813). Anglo-F. _argoil_ (Rough List). - -=argal,= therefore. Hamlet, v. 1. 21. A clown’s substitution for L. -_ergo_, therefore. - -=argent,= silver; hence, money. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 (Roister). -F. _argent_. L. _argentum_, silver. - -=argent vive,= quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon). Cp. F. -_vif-argent_, quick-silver (Cotgr.). - -=Argier, Argièr,= Algier, Algiers. _Argier_, Temp. i. 2. 261; _Argiers_, -Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Beauf. sen.). - -=argin,= an embankment in front of a fort, glacis. Marlowe, 2 -Tamburlaine, iii. 2. 85; 3. 23. Ital. _argine_, ‘a banke’ (Florio). See -Ducange (s.v. Arger (‘agger’) and Arginerius). - -=argolet,= a light-armed horse-soldier. Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2. -2; iv. 1 (Abdelmelec). F. _argolet_ (Cotgr.); _argoulet_, Essais de -Montaigne I. xxv (ed. 1870, p. 68): ‘Les _argoulets_ étaient des -arquebuisiers à cheval; et comme ils n’étaient pas considérables en -comparaison des autres cavaliers on a dit un _argoulet_ pour un homme de -néant’ (Ménage). - -=argolettier,= a light-armed horse-soldier. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. -i. ch. 25: ‘_Guidone_, a banner or cornet for horsemen that be shot, or -Argolettiers’, Florio, Ital. Dict. See NED. - -=argosy,= a merchant-vessel. Twice used as if it were _plural_; Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, i. 1. The original sense was ‘a ship of Ragusa’, the name -of a port in Dalmatia, on the Adriatic. Ragusa appears in 16th-cent. -English as _Aragouse_, _Arragosa_ (NED.). - -=argument,= subject, topic, theme. Much Ado, i. 1. 266; 1 Hen. IV, ii. -2. 104; ii. 4. 314. So L. _argumentum_ (Quintilian). - -=arietation,= an attack with a battering-ram. Bacon, Essay 58, § 8. L. -_ariēs_, a ram. - -=armado,= an army. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 14. Span. _armada_. Med. -L. _armata_, army (Ducange); cp. F. _armée_. - -=armiger,= an esquire. Purposely altered to _armigero_ in Merry Wives, -i. 1. 10. L. _armiger_, one who bears arms, in Med. L. an esquire. - -=armine,= a beggar, a poor wretch. London Prodigal, v. 1. 174. Coined -from Du. _arm_, poor; and put into the mouth of a supposed Dutchwoman. - -=armipotent,= powerful in arms. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 545; iii. 293. L. -_armipotens_, powerful in arms. - -=arms:= phr. _to give arms_, to have the right to bear arms, in the -heraldic sense. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). - -=aroint thee!,= begone!, out of the way!, make room!, ‘aroint thee, -witch!’ King Lear, iii. 4. 127; Macbeth, i. 3. 6. ‘A lady well -acquainted with the dialect of Cheshire informed me that the word is -still in use there. For example, if the cow presses too close to the -maid who is milking her, she will give the animal a push, saying at the -same time, _’Roynt thee!_ by which she means, stand off’ (Nares). -_Roint_ is used in this sense in the north country: Yorks., Lancs., and -Cheshire (EDD.). OE. _rȳm ðū, gerȳm ðū_, make thou room, cp. _rȳm þysum -men setl_, give this man place (Luke xiv. 9); _rȳman_, to make room, -deriv. of _rūm_, wide, roomy. See Dict. - -=arpine, arpent,= a French acre. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1 (near -the end). F. _arpent_. - -=arraign,= to arrange, place. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Suffolk), ed. Dyce, -p. 187: ‘See them arraign’d, I will set forward straight’, Webster (Wks. -ii. 261). See Halliwell. - -=arras-powder,= orris-powder. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. -Dyce, p. 41. So also _arras_, orris; Duchess of Malfi, iii. 2 (Duchess). -See Halliwell (s.v. Arras (2)). - -=arraught,= _pt. t._, seized forcibly, with violence. Spenser, F. Q. ii. -10. 34. ME. _arahte_, pt. t. of _arachen_, to obtain, attain (Gower, C. -A. i. 3207). OE. _ārǣcan_, to attain. - -=arre,= to snarl as a dog. ‘They _arre_ and bark’, Nash, Summer’s Last -Will (Autumn), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 44; ‘a dog snarling _er_’, B. -Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1. 691 (Subtle). - -=arrearages,= arrears. Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria); Cymb. ii. 4. -13. OF. _arerage_; from _arere_, behind. - -=arrect,= to direct upwards, to raise. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 55; to -set upright, ‘I arecte . . . or set up a thyng; _Je metz sus . . . je -metz debout_’, Palsgrave. From L. _arrect-_, pp. stem of _arrigere_, to -raise up. - -=arride,= to please, gratify. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, ii. -1 (Fastidious); Marmion, The Antiquary, ii. 1 (Mocinigo). L. _arridere_, -to smile upon. - -=arrouse,= to bedew, moisten. Spelt _arowze_, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. -103; _arrowsid_, pp., Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 249, back, l. 24. -Norm. F. _ar_(_r_)_ouser_, ‘arroser’ (Moisy). O. Prov. _arozar_ (Levy). -Romanic type *_arrosare_, L. _ad_ + _rorare_, fr. _ros_, dew. - -=arsedine,= a gold-coloured alloy of copper and zinc, rolled into thin -leaf, and used to ornament toys. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Trash). -Of unknown origin. - -=arsee-versee,= _adv._, backside foremost, contrary-wise, conversely. -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 13; Diogenes, § 45; ‘fighting -arsie-versie’, Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 827; ‘_Cul sur pointe_, -topsie-turvy, arsie-varsie’, Cotgrave. In common prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Arsy-versy). - -=arsmetrike,= arithmetic. Fabyan, vii. 604 (NED.). ME. _arsmetrike_ -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 2222); _arsmetique_ (Gower, C. A. vii. 149). OF. -_arismetique_, Med. L. _arismetica_ for L. _arithmetica_, Gk. ἡ -ἀριθμητική (τέχνη). The form _arsmetrike_ is due to popular etymology, -which associated the word with L. _ars metrica_, ‘the art of measure’. -See NED. (s.v. Arithmetic). - -=arsmetry,= a corruption of _arsmetrick_, by form-association with -_geometry_. Greene, A Looking-glass, iii. 2 (1161); p. 132, col. 1. - -=arson,= saddle-bow. ‘The arson of his sadel’, Morte Arthur, leaf 339, -back, 22; bk. xvi. c. 10. F. _arçon_. - -=art,= to constrain. Court of Love, l. 46. ‘I _arte_, I constrayne’, -Palsgrave. L. _artare_, to confine. See =arcted.= - -=artier,= an artery. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 (Physician). F. -_artere_, ‘an artery’ (Cotgr.). L. _arteria_, Gk. ἀρτηρία. - -=artillery,= missile weapons. ‘_Artillarie_ now a dayes is taken for ii. -thinges, Gunnes and Bowes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 65; Bacon, Essay 29, -§ 3; Fairfax, Tasso xvii. 49; BIBLE, 1 Sam. xx. 40 (AV.). Norm. F. -_artillerie_, ‘armes de jet et de trait, non à feu; comme arbalètes, -flèches, lances, etc.’ (Moisy). - -=askaunces,= as if, as much as to say. Gascoigne, Dan Bartholomew; ed. -Hazlitt, i. 113, l. 4; i. 136, l. 16. So in Chaucer, C. T. G. 838. Cp. -OF. _quanses_, as if (Godefroy). See Romania, xviii. 152; Cliges (ed. -Förster, l. 4553, note). The M. Dutch _quansijs_ (as if saying, as much -as to say) in Reinaert, 2569 (ed. Martin, p. 78) is probably the same -word as the OF. _quanses_. The Chaucerian use of _ascaunces_ in Tr. and -Cr. i. 205, 292 is precisely the same as that of _als quansijs_ in -Reinaert. - -=aspect,= (_aspéct_), the peculiar position and influence of a planet. -King Lear, ii. 2. 112. Common. ME. _aspect_, the angular distance -between two planets (Chaucer). - -=asper,= a Turkish coin worth about two farthings or less. Fletcher, -Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Jamie). F. _aspre_. Byzantine Gk. ἄσπρον, white -money, from ἄσπρος, white. - -=asprely,= fiercely. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 17. § 8. OF. -_aspre_; L. _asper_, fierce. - -=assalto,= assault. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 (Bobadil). Ital. -_assalto_. - -=assassinate,= an assassin, murderer. Dryden, Span. Friar, iv. 1 -(Dominic); Don Sebastian, v. 1 (Almeyda). - -=assay,= proof, trial; attempt; attack. Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; ii. 2. 71; -iii. 3. 69. _At all assays_, in every trial or juncture, in any case, on -every occasion, always, Drayton, Harmony of the Church, Ecclus. xxxvi. -st. 6; ‘At all assayes, _en tous poynts_’, Palsgrave. ME. _assay_, trial -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 290). Anglo-F. _assai_ (Gower). - -=assinego,= a donkey, a dolt. Also _asinego_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, v. 4 (Welford); _asinigo_, Marmion, Antiquary, v. 1 (Ant.). Spelt -_asinico_ in ed. 1606; Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 49; Span. _asnico_, ‘a little -asse’ (Minsheu), deriv. of _asno_, an ass, L. _asinus_, ass. - -=assistant,= used by Fletcher for Span. _asistente_, the chief officer -of justice at Seville. Span. Curate, iii. 1. 15. - -=assoil,= to set free, to dispel. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 58; iv. 5. 30. -A peculiar use of _assoil_, to absolve. ME. _assoilen_, to absolve, -pardon, discharge (Chaucer). Anglo-F. _assoiler_, to pardon (Rough -List); _-soiler_ is formed from the present stem _soille_ of the verb -_soldre_, Romanic type _sol’re_, L. _solvere_, to loosen. - -=assoil,= used for _soil_, to sully, taint. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, -iii. 1 (Euphanes). [NED. quotes a modern instance, from D’Israeli.] - -=assot,= to befool, make a fool of. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 8; iii. 8. -22; _assot_, pp. infatuated, Shep. Kal., March, 25. Anglo-F. _assoter_, -to make a fool of, deriv. of _sot_, a fool (Gower). Med. L. _sottus_, -‘stolidus, bardus, simplex’ . . . ‘hinc Carolus Sottus, qui vulgo -“Simplex”’ (Ducange). - -=assurd,= to burst forth. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 302. OF. -_assordre_, _essordre_, L. _exsurgere_. - -=assured,= affianced. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 145; King John, ii. 535. - -=astart,= to start up. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 29. - -=astarte,= to escape. Turbervile, Hunting, 138. ME. _asterte_, to escape -(Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1802). - -=astert,= to come suddenly upon, happen suddenly to. Spenser, Shep. -Kal., Nov., 187. ME. _asterte_, to happen, befall (Gower, C. A. i. 722; -v. 707). - -=astone,= to astound, confound. Peele, Sir Clyomon; ed. Dyce, p. 526. -ME. _aston-en_ (Chaucer); OF. _estoner_; Pop. Lat. _extonare_, for L. -_attonare_, to stun, stupefy as by thunder, _tonare_, to thunder. - -=astonied,= astonished, astounded. BIBLE, AV.: Job xvii. 8; Jer. xiv. 9; -North’s Plutarch, M. Antonius (ed. Skeat, p. 204); stunned, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., July, 227; spelt _astoynde_, astounded, Sackville Mirrour, -Induct. 29. ME. _astonie_, to amaze (Chaucer, H. Fame, iii. 1174). See -=stoin.= - -=astracism,= an astracism, or collection of stars. ‘The threefold -astracism’, Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. Possibly a deriv. of Med. L. -_astracum_ ‘pavimentum domus’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. _astracco_, a fretted -ceiling (Florio). - -=at-after,= after. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 22; Richard III, iv. 3. 31. -In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Shropshire -(EDD.). ME. _at after_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1445). - -=at all!= a gamester’s exclamation, when he challenges all present. ‘Cry -at all!’, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2. 4; ‘have at all!’, Skelton, -Bowge of Courte, 391. - -=atchievement,= ‘achievement’, an ensign memorial granted in memory of -some achievement or distinguished feat. Milton, Tetrachordon (Trench, -Sel. Gl.); Dryden, Palamon, iii. 344, 932. - -=athanor,= an alchemist’s furnace. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). -Arab. _attannūr_; _al_, the, _tannūr_, furnace. - -=atomy,= an atom. As You Like It, iii. 2. 245; a tiny being, id. iii. 5. -13. - -=atomy,= an emaciated person, a walking skeleton. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 33 -(Qu. 1597). For _anatomy_ (a skeleton), the _an-_ being taken for the -indef. article. - -=atone,= to set two persons ‘at one’. ‘Since we cannot atone you’, -Richard III, i. 1. 202; to agree, Coriolanus, iv. 6. 72. - -=atonement,= reconciliation. Richard III, i. 3. 36; Beaumont and Fl., -Bloody Brother, i. 1 (Rolls). - -=attaint,= to hit, strike, wound. ‘His attainted thigh’, Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xi. 572; _attaint_, pp. stricken, Sackville, Induction, st. 15. -‘I _atteynt_, I hyt or touche a thyng, _Iattayngs_’, Palsgrave. - -=attame,= to commence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 19, 12; lf. 71, back, -28. OF. _atamer_; L. _attaminare_, to lay hands on. Cp. O. Prov. -_entamenar_. ‘entamer’ (Levy). See Hatzfeld (s.v. Entamer). - -=atte,= for _at the_; _atte last_, at the last; _atte castel_, at the -castle; Morte Arthur (see Glossary); _atten ale_ (_at nale_), at the -ale-house; Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 387. ME. _atte_, at the (Chaucer); -_atte nale_, at the ale-house (P. Plowman, c. viii. 19). - -=attend,= attendance. Greene, A Looking-glass, i. 1. 8. - -=attent,= attentive, attentively. Milton, P. R. i. 385; Dryden, Wife of -Bath, 310. - -=attentate,= a criminal attempt or assault. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, -p. 86. F. _attentat_, ‘tentative criminelle’ (Hatzfeld). - -=atteynt,= an ‘attaint’, a wound on a horse’s foot due to a blow or -injury; either from overstepping, or from being trodden on by another -horse. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 113; Topsell, Four-footed Beasts, 313 -(NED.). - -=attonce,= at once. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 2 (Paris); iv. 1 (Paris). - -=attract,= an attractive quality, charm. ‘The Soule . . . glides after -these attracts’, Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 117). Late L. -_attractus_, attraction. - -=attrapt,= ‘trapped’, furnished with ‘trappings’; said of a horse. -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 39. - -=attrite,= worn by friction. Milton, P. L. x. 1073. L. _attritus_. - -=atwite,= to reproach, upbraid, twit. Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 85; spelt _attwite_, Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iii. 25. -OE. _æt_, prep., and _wītan_, to blame. The mod. E. _twit_ is a -shortened form of _atwite_. - -=auberge,= a lodging, a term technically applied to a reception-house -provided by the Knights Hospitallers, hence, to their fraternity. -Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 3 (Mountferrat). F. _auberge_, O. -Prov. _alberga_. Cp. Med. L. _albergia_, ‘apud Milites Hospital. S. -Joan. Hieros. vocantur domus, in quibus Fratres Ordinis per nationes una -comedunt et congregantur. Statuta ejusd. Ordin. tit. 19 § 3’ (Ducange). - -=aubifane,= the corn blue-bottle, _Centaurea cyanus_. Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, c. 14, p. 158. F. _aubifoin_, the weed Blew-bottle (Cotgr.). - -=auke,= backward, contrary to the usual way, from left to right. ‘With -an auke stroke’, Morte Arthur, leaf 156, back; bk. viii. c. 25 (end); -‘Ringing as awk as the bells, to give notice of the conflagration’, -Lestrange, Fables (NED.). In E. Anglia bells are said to be ‘rung awk’ -when they are rung backward or contrary to the usual way, to give alarm -of fire (EDD.). The word is found in many German dialects: Kurhessen, -_afk_ perverse (Vilmar). See =awk.= - -=auke,= untoward, froward. Tusser, Husbandry, § 62. 13. - -=aukly,= inauspiciously; said of the flight of birds. Golding, Metam. v. -147; fol. 57, back. - -=aulf,= elf, goblin. Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 10. See =ouphe.= - -=aumayld,= enamelled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 57. Deriv. of OF. _amail_, -for _esmail_, enamel. See =amell.= - -=aums-ace,= double aces; given as the name of a card-game. Interlude of -Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 35. See =ames-ace.= - -=aunt,= a cant term for a bawd or procuress. Middleton, A Trick to -Catch, ii. 1 (first speech); Michaelmas Term, ii. 3 (Thomasine). - -=aunters:= in phr. _in aunters_, in case, in case that, if. ‘In aunters -the Englishmen shoulde sturre’, Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 57. -_Aunters_ (without _in_) was used in the same sense, and represented an -adverbial form founded on _aunter_, a contraction of _aventure_ (Mod. E. -_adventure_); see _Aunters_ in NED. Cp. the Yorkshire word _anters_: ‘We -must have it ready, anters they come’ (i.e. in case they come); see EDD. -(s.v. Aunters, 2). - -=autem mort,= a married woman (Cant). ‘_Autem-mortes_ be maried wemen’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 67. He adds ‘for Autem in their [slang] language is a -Churche; so she is a wyfe maried at the Church’. Spelt _autumn mort_, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Randal). - -=avails,= profits, proceeds, ‘vails’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -94). - -=avale, avail,= to sink, descend, droop; also, to lower, let down. To -sink, Spenser. F. Q. i. 1. 21; iii. 2. 29; to descend, ii. 9. 10; iv. 3. -46; to droop, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8; to lower, let down, F. Q. iv. 10. 19; -Shep. Kal., Jan., 73. Anglo-F. _avaler_, to lower, bring down, swallow, -deriv. of _aval_, down, lit. to the valley (Gower), L. _ad vallem_. - -=avaunce,= to advance, promote, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 71. ME. -_avaunce_, to promote (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2022). Anglo-F. _avancer_ -(Gower). - -=avaunt,= to ‘vaunt’, boast. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6. ME. _avaunten_ -(Chaucer). Anglo-F. _s’avanter_, to boast; _avantance_, _avanterie_, -boasting (Gower). - -=Ave-Mary bell,= a bell rung daily (once or twice) to direct the recital -of an Ave-Maria, or prayer to the Virgin. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, -pt. 1. § 3. - -=avenant,= suitable; _after the avenant_, in proportion, Caxton, Hist. -Troye, leaf 149. 30; _at avenant_, in proportion, id. lf. 225. 4. ‘Fayre -and avenant’, fair and graceful, id. lf. 256. 4. ME. _avenaunt_, -graceful, comely (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1263). Anglo-F. _avenant_, -suitable, agreeable (Gower), pres. pt. of _avenir_, to be suitable -(id.). - -=avente him,= to refresh himself with air. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -298. 2. ME. _aventen_, to open the helmet to admit the cool air, to -refresh with cool air (Merlin, xx. 335). Anglo-F. _aventer_; cp. OF. -_esventer_ (mod. _éventer_), Med. L. _eventare_ (Ducange), L. _ex_ + -_ventus_, wind. - -†=aventre= (?). ‘[She] aventred her spear’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28; -‘[He] aventred his spear’, iv. 3. 9; ‘aventring his lance’, iv. 6. 11. -The phrase ‘they aventred their speres’ occurs in King Arthur (ed. -Copland); see NED. Can this word be an error for _aveutre_? _Aveutre_ = -_afeutre_ = OF. _afeutrer_, to lay a spear in rest in the _feutre_, the -felt-lined socket for a lance or spear attached to the saddle of a -knight. Spenser has the verb _fewter_ equivalent in meaning to -_afeutrer_ in F. Q. iv. 6. 10: ‘He his threatfull speare Gan fewter’. -See NED. (s.v. Fewter). - -=aventure,= in phr. _at aventure_, at adventure, at hazard, at random. -BIBLE, 1 Kings xxii. 34 (improperly printed _at a venture_); ‘Certayn -. . . rode forthe at adventure’, Berners, Froissart, I. cxcii. ME. -_aventure_, chance, peril (Gower). Anglo-F. _aventure_, chance, danger, -uncertainty: _par aventure_ (Gower, Mirour, 1239). - -=averruncate,= to avert, ward off. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i, c. 1. 758. -L. _auerruncare_, to avert. Often explained in the 17th cent. by ‘to -weed out’, or ‘to root up’, but Butler uses the word correctly. See NED. - -=aversation,= aversion. Bacon, Essay 27. - -=avile,= to hold cheap, think little of. B. Jonson, Prince Henry’s -Barriers (Lady). Anglo-F. _aviler_, to debase (Gower). - -=avise,= to see, observe; to think; _refl._ to bethink. Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 1. 31; iv. 2. 22; iii. 12. 10; _refl._ ii. 6. 46; iii. 3. 6. _To be -avised of_, to be well informed about, Merry Wives, i. 4. 106; Meas. ii. -2. 132. ME. _avise_, refl. to consider (Chaucer, C. T. B. 664). Anglo-F. -_s’aviser_, to take thought (Gower). - -=avisefull,= observant. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 26. - -=avision,= a dream, vision. Douglas, Aeneid, iii. 1. 69. ME. _avisioun_ -(Lydgate, Temple of Glas, 1374). Anglo-F. _avisioun_ (Gower). - -=aviso,= advice, intelligence, piece of information. B. Jonson, Magn. -Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Habington, Castara, ed. Arber, p. 102. Span. -_aviso_, information. - -=avouch,= to maintain, make good. Mids. Night’s D., i. 1. 106; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 10. 12. Hence _avouch_, assurance, Hamlet, i. 1. 37. - -=avoure,= acknowledgement, avowal. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 48. OF. -_avouer_, an avowal, prop. infin., to avow. - -=avoutry,= adultery. Paston, Letters, no. 883; vol. iii, p. 317; -Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 175. ME. _avouterye_ (Chaucer). -Anglo-F. _avoulterie_ (Gower). - -=avowre,= to vow, devote. Only in Phaer, Aeneid, viii. 85, Latin text (M -iiij, l. 6). See NED. - -=awaite:= _in await_ (_awate_), in ambush. Fairfax, tr. Tasso, v. 18. -Anglo-F. _en await_ (_agwait_, _agueit_, _agait_), in ambush, lying in -wait (Rough List, s.v. Await). - -=awaite:= in phr. _to have good awaite_, to take good care. Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 5, § 10. - -=a-wallop,= in a boiling state, boiling quickly. Golding, Metam. vii. -263; fol. 82 (1603). Cp. the prov. word _wallop_, ‘to boil violently -with a bubbling sound’, in common use in Scotland and in various parts -of England. See EDD. (s.v. Wallop, vb.^{2}). - -=awbe,= a bull-finch. Gascoigne, Philomene, l. 35. ME. _alpe_, -‘ficedula’ (Prompt.). See =nope.= - -=awful,= profoundly reverential. Richard II, iii. 3. 76; Dryden, -Britannia, 106. - -=awhape,= to amaze, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 5; v. 11. 32. ME. -_awhapen_ (Chaucer). - -=awk,= reversed; _the awk end_, the wrong end, the other end. Golding, -Metam. xiv. 300 (L. ‘conversae verbere virgae’); fol. 170, back (1603). -See =auke.= - -=awkward,= untoward, unfavourable, adverse. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 83; -Marlowe, Edw. II, iv. 6. 34. - -=axtree,= axle-tree. Drayton, Pol. i. 498. Still in prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Ax, sb.^{1} 3). OE. _œx-trēo_. - -=aygulets,= an aglet, metal tag. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25. A doublet of -_aglet_. Spenser seems to speak here of the bright metal tops or tags of -lace, which he likens to stars; as in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 4. 2. F. -_aiguillette_, a point (Cotgr.), dimin. of _aiguille_, a needle. - -=ayle,= a grandfather. ‘_Ayle_, _Pere_, and _Fitz_, grandfather, father, -and son’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i (Jerry). ME. _ayel_, grandfather -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2477). Norm. F. _aiel_ (Moisy). - -=azoch,= ‘azoth’, the alchemist’s name for quicksilver. B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt _assogue_. F. _assogue_; Span. -_azogue_, quicksilver; Arab. _az-zāūq_; _zāūq_ is adapted from Pers. -_zhīwah_ (_jīvah_), quicksilver. See NED., Ducange, and Dozy, Glossaire -(s.v. Azogue). - - - - - B - - -=babion,= baboon. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus); Drayton, -Man in the Moon, 331; spelt _babyone_ Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124, l. 163. -F. ‘_babion_, a babion or baboone’ (Cotgr.). - -=bable,= a ‘bauble’, a toy, trick, fancy. ‘Has fill’d my head So full of -_bables_’ (some edd. _baubles_), Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. -4. 7; ‘That _bable_ called love’, Lyly, Endimion, iii. 3 (Epi.). OF. -_babel_, _baubel_, a child’s plaything (Godefroy); _beau_ + _bel_, cp. -F. _bonbon_. - -=bace,= (Spenser); see =base.= - -=bacharach, backrack,= the name of a wine. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 -(Vandunke); _Bacrack_, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 300. From _Bacharach_, -on the Rhine. See =backrag.= - -=back,= a bat. _Backes_ or reermice; Golding, Metam., iv. 415; fol. 49 -(1603). The pl. _backes_ is the form used by Wyclif, Coverdale and the -Geneva Bible, in Isaiah ii. 20, where AV. has _battes_, see NED. (s.v. -Bat). In Scotland the usual word for the bat is _Backie_ (or -_Backie-bird_), see EDD. (s.v. Backie, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). - -=backare!,= go back, keep back. ‘_Backare! quod Mortimer to his sow_; -i.e. keep back, said Mortimer’; an old proverb, often quoted against -such as are too forward, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Roister); Tam. -Shrew, ii. 1. 72. See EDD. (s.v. Baccare). - -=backcheat,= stolen apparel, lit. things from the back. (Thieves’ cant.) -‘Back or belly-cheats’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See -=cheat.= - -=backrag,= the name of a wine. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1 -(Bornwell); Mayne, City Match, i. 3 (near the end). See =bacharach.= - -=backside,= a yard behind a farmhouse. Witch of Edmonton, iv. 1 (Old -Banks). Very common in prov. usage, see EDD. (s.v. Backside, 2). - -=badger-nab,= a strong little badger. ‘_Meg_ [a witch] What Beast was by -thee hither rid? _Mawd_ [second witch] A Badger-nab’, Heywood, Witches -of Lancs., iv. 1, vol. iv. p. 220. Cp. _knab_, a strong boy, a thickset, -strong little animal (EDD.). - -=baffle,= to treat with ignominy and contempt. It was originally a -punishment inflicted on recreant knights, one part of it being that the -victim was hung up by the heels and beaten. See Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. -27; Beaumont and Fl., A King and no King, iii. 2 (Bessus); 1 Hen. IV, i. -2. 113; Richard II, i. 1. 170. See Trench, Select Glossary, and NED. - -=bag:= phr. _to give the bag_, to cheat. Westward Ho, iv. 2 -(Honeysuckle). - -=bagage,= refuse, worthless stuff; ‘When brewers put no bagage in their -beere’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1082; Tusser, Husbandry, st. 21. An Essex -word in this sense, see EDD. (s.v. Baggage, sb.^{1}). Cp. Port. -_bagaço_, ‘marc; ce qui reste de plus grossier de quelque fruit, qu’on a -pressé pour en retirer le suc’ (Roquette). - -=bagatine,= a small Italian coin, worth about the third part of a -farthing. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 2 (Vol.). Ital. _bagatino_, -_bagattino_, ‘a little coyne vsed in Italie’ (Florio). - -=bagle,= a staff, or crosier such as a bishop carries. _Bagle-rod_, -Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 188 (see the side-note). Icel. _bagall_, a -crosier, L. _baculum_, a rod, staff. - -=bague, baghe,= a ring, brooch. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 54, back, 8; -lf. 98. 11. F. _bague_. - -=baies,= scoldings (?). ‘Ill servant . . . deserveth hir fee to be paid -hir with _baies_’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 2. - -=bain,= a bath. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, x. 567; to bathe, Greene, The -Palmer’s Verses, l. 88 (Capricornus); _bayne_, Surrey, Desc. of restless -state of a Lover, 13. F. _bain_. - -=bain,= supple, lithe. Golding, Metam. iv. 354 (fol. 48); xv. 202; fol. -182 (1603). In common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bain, sb. 1). ME. -_beyn_, ‘flexibilis’ (Prompt.). Icel. _beinn_, straight; also, ready to -serve. - -=bains;= see =banes.= - -=bait,= to stop at an inn to feed the horses, also to stop for -refreshment; used _fig._ ‘Evil news rides post, while good news baits’, -Milton, Samson, 1538. In prov. use in the sense of stopping to feed. See -EDD. (s.v. Bait, vb.^{1} 2). - -=bald,= marked with white upon the head. Hence ‘bald coot’, a coot -(_Fulica atra_); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 1 (Zanthia). In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=bale,= a set of dice; usually three. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); -Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Young Chartley); A Woman never -vexed, ii. 1 (Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Bale, sb.^{3} 4). - -=ball,= a white streak on a horse’s face. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 73. -Hence _ball_, as a horse’s name; orig. one marked with a white streak; -Tusser, Husbandry, § 95, st. 2. Prob. of Celtic origin; cp. Gael. -_ball_, spot, mark, Breton _bal_, a white mark on an animal’s face. - -=balloon,= a game in which a large ball (like a football) was struck by -the arm, which was protected by a stout guard. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Sir -Petronel); Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, iv. 1 (_1st Lady_). _Balloo_, in -the phr. _at the Balloo_ (B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1: _Volpone_), must be -an error for _at the Balloon_, i.e. when playing at the game. Also -_balloon-ball_, Middleton, Game at Chess, ii. 1 (B. Knight). - -=ballow,= smooth. ‘Ballowe wood’, i.e. smooth wood without bark, see -Nottingham Corporation Records, ed. Stevenson, vol. iv, Glossary (date -of entry 1504); ‘The ballow nag’, Drayton, Pol. iii. 24. ME. _balhow_, -smooth, plain (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 136). - - =ballow,= in King Lear, iv. 6. 247, prob. means a quarter-staff - made from _ballow_ wood. See above. - -=ban,= to curse, imprecate damnation on. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 25; a curse, -Hamlet, iii. 2. 269. Icel. _banna_, to prohibit, curse. - -=band,= a collar, lying flat upon the dress, worn round the neck by man -or woman. Also called _falling-bands_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, i. 1 -(Mary). The falling band succeeded the cumbersome ruff. - -=band,= to bandy about, like a tennis-ball. Look about You, sc. 32, l. -5; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 490. - -=banding-ball,= a ball to be driven about at tennis or in the game of -bandy. Wounds of Civil War; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 116. - -=bando,= a proclamation. Shirley, Sisters, v. 2 (Longino). Ital. -_bando_, a public proclamation (Dante). - -=bandoleer, bandalier,= a broad belt, worn over the shoulder and across -the breast. Peele, Polyhymnia, The Third Couple (l. 10). Hence, a wearer -of a bandoleer was _himself_ called by the same name. Thus Gascoigne -has: ‘Their peeces then are called Petronels, And _they themselves_ by -sundrie names are called, As Bandolliers . . . Or . . . Petronelliers’, -Works, i. 408. See Dict. - -=bandora,= a kind of guitar; now called _banjo_. Middleton, Your Five -Gallants, v. 2 (hymn); also _pandore_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 361. Ital. -_pandora_, a bandora (Florio). - -=bandrol,= a long narrow flag, with a cleft end; a streamer from a -lance. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 211. Spelt _bannerall_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. -26. F. _banderole_, a little flag or streamer, a penon (Cotgr.). - -=banes,= ‘banns’ of marriage (the usual spelling to 1661); Tam. Shrew, -ii, 1. 181; spelt _bains_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 36. ME. _bane_ of a -play (or mariage, Pynson), ‘banna’ (Prompt.). - -=bangling,= frivolous contention, squabbling. Englishmen for my Money, -iv. 1 (Heigham); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 528. - -=banquerout, bankrout,= a bankrupt. Webster, Appius, v. 2 (Virginius); -Com. Errors, iv. 2. See Dict. (s.v. Bankrupt). - -=banquet,= a slight refection, a dessert after dinner. Tam. Shrew, v. 2. -9; Timon, i. 2. 160; ‘The Banquet is brought in’, Middleton, No Wit like -a Woman’s, ii. 1 (stage direction). - -=barate,= treason. Caxton, Hist. Troye, 327, back, 10; 335. 29. OF. -_barat_, deceit. See NED. (s.v. Barrat). - -=barathrum,= abyss, a bottomless pit. ‘To the lowest barathrum’, -Heywood, Silver Age (Pluto), vol. iii. p. 159; used _fig._ ‘You -barathrum of the shambles!’ Massinger, New Way, iii. 2 (Greedy); (cp. -_barathrumque macelli_, Horace, Epist. i. 15. 31). L. _barathrum_, the -underworld; Gk. βάραθρον, the yawning cleft near the Acropolis at -Athens, down which criminals were thrown. - -=baratour,= a quarrelsome person, a brawler, a rowdy, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. ii. c. 12. § 8. ME. _baratowre_, ‘pugnax, rixosus, -jurgosus’ (Prompt.). Norm. F. _barateur_ ‘provocateur, querelleur’ -(Moisy), deriv. of _barat_, ‘lutte, dispute’ (id.). - -=baratresse,= a female warrior. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 500. - -†=baratto, barrato,= a small boat; explained as ‘an Indian boat’. -Fletcher, Island Princess, i. 1. 19; ii. 6 (end). - -=barb,= to shave. Turbervile, Trag. T. 53 (NED.); to mow, Marston, -Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole); to clip money, B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 -(Face). F. _barber,_ to shave, to cut the beard (Cotgr.). - -=barbed,= wearing a barb. From _barb_, lit. a beard (F. _barbe_); hence, -a piece of white plaited linen, passed over or under the chin, and -reaching midway to the waist; chiefly worn by nuns. ‘Barbyd lyke a -nonne’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1000. - -=bard;= see =barred.= - -=bard cater-tray,= for _barred cater-tray_, a kind of false dice in -which the throws _cater_ (four) and _tray_ (three) were _barred_, or -prevented from being likely to appear. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 -(Matheo). NED. quotes from Diceplay (1532), ed. 1850, p. 24:—‘a -well-favoured die that seemeth good and square, yet is the forehead -longer on the cater and tray than any other, way . . . Such be also -called _bard cater-tres_, because, commonly, the longer end will, of his -own sway, draw downwards, and turn up to the eye sice, sinke, deuis or -ace; i.e. 6, 5, 2, or 1, but not 4 or 3’. - -=baretour,= a fighting man, a brawler. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aen. i. 472; -id. i. 142. Anglo-F. _barettour_ (Rough List). See =baratour.= - -=bargenette, bargynet,= the name of a rustic dance, accompanied with a -song. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 20. § 12; Gascoigne, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 430. Variant of _bargaret_ or _bargeret_; F. _bergerette_, -‘chant que les bergers chantaient le jour de Pâques’ (Hatzfeld). See -NED. (s.v. Bargeret). - -=barley-bread,= coarse food. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 637. - -=barley-break,= an old country-game; usually one couple, left in a -middle den termed ‘hell’, had to catch the other two couples (who were -allowed to separate and ‘break’ when hard pressed, and thus to change -partners); when caught, they had to take their turn as catchers. _Two -Noble Kinsmen_, iv. 3. 34; ‘A course at _barley-break_’, B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, A. i (Clarion). The last couple left were said to be in hell: -‘_Barly-break: or Last in Hel_’, a poem by Herrick. See EDD. - -=barley-hood,= a fit of ill-temper, brought on by drunkenness. So called -because caused by _barley_, i.e. malt liquor. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 372. -See EDD. - -=barn,= a ‘bairn’, a child. Much Ado, iii. 4. 48. ME. _barne_, ‘infans’ -(Cath. Angl.). OE. _bearn_ (Anglian _barn_). - -=barnacles,= barnacle-geese. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 305 (where the fable -is given). See EDD. (s.v. Barnacle, sb.^{1}). - -=barratry,= vexatious persistence in litigation. Butler, Hudibras, iii. -3. 695. See =baratour.= - -=barrèd,= misused for _barded_, i.e. caparisoned. Drayton, Pol. xii. -481. Shortened to _bard_; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iii. 1 (Cornwall). - -=barred gown,= a gown marked with stripes or bars of gold lace, like -that of a judge or law-officer. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, i. 1 -(Rolliardo). - -=barrendry,= a barony, a title of a baron. Chapman, Humorous Day’s -Mirth, p. 31. Anglo-F. _baronnerie_, a baronry, the domain of a baron, -the rank or dignity of baron. See NED. (s.v. Baronry). - -=barriers,= lists, as for a tournament. _To fight at barriers_, to fight -within lists. ‘_Jeu de Barres_, a martial sport of men armed and -fighting together with short swords within certain Barres or lists, -whereby they are separated from the spectators’, Cowel’s Interpreter -(ed. 1701). Webster, White Devil; ed. Dyce, p. 40; at p. 6, the ‘great -barriers’ are said ‘to moult feathers’; alluding to the plumes cut from -the helmets of the combatants. - -=barth,= a warm place or pasture for calves or lambs. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 33. 26; Coles, Dict., 1677. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Prob. a -derivative of OE. _beorgan_, to shelter, protect. - -=basciomani,= kissings of the hand. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 56. Ital. -_basciamano_, a kissing of the hand (Florio). - -=base,= or _prison-bars_, the name of a boys’ game. _To bid base_, to -challenge to pursuit, as in the game, Venus and Adonis, 303; Spenser, F. -Q. iii. 11. 5; _at bace_, id. v. 8. 5. ‘_Barres_, play at _bace_, or -prison Bars’, Cotgrave. ME. _bace_, play, ‘barri’ (Prompt. EETS. 24, see -note no. 100). ‘_Barri_ sunt ludi, anglicè _bace_’ (Wright, Vocab. 176; -foot-note). - -=bases,= pl. (used like _skirts_), applied to a plaited skirt of cloth, -velvet, or rich brocade, appended to the doublet, and reaching from the -waist to the knee, common in the Tudor period. Massinger, Picture, ii. 1 -(Sophia); Chapman, Mask of the Inner Temple, § 2. Called ‘a pair of -_bases_’, Pericles, ii. 1. 167. - -=bash,= to be abashed, Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 3; Peele, -Arraignment of Paris, iv. 1 (Venus); to make abashed, Greene, Looking -Glasse, i. 1. 75 (Rasni). In prov. use in both senses, see EDD. (s.v. -vb.^{3}). - -=basilisk,= a species of ordnance. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 56; Marlowe, 1 -Tamburlaine, iv. 1. 2; Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 16 (ed. -Furnivall, 281). - -=basket, the,= one in which the broken meat and bread from the sheriffs’ -table was carried to the counters, for poor prisoners. Middleton, -Inner-Temple Masque (Dr. Almanac). Hence, _go to the basket_, i.e. to -prison, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, v. 1 (Pontalier). Cp. Shirley, Bird in a -Cage, iii. 4 (Rolliardo). There were three grades of prisoners in each -of the counters; they occupied, respectively, the Master’s side, the -Twopenny Ward, and the Hole. Those in the Hole paid nothing for their -provisions, but depended upon the basket. - -=baslard,= a kind of hanger, or small sword. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, -st. 18. Anglo-F. _baselard_. For the other French forms, _bazelaire_, -_badelaire_, _beaudelaire_, see Ducange (s.vv. Basalardus, Basalaria, -Bazalardus, Badelare). - -=basque,= a short skirt. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling). F. -_basque_, a short skirt (Cotgr.); from _Basque_, name of the ancient -race inhabiting both slopes of the western Pyrenees. - -=bass,= to kiss. ‘Bas me’, Skelton, Speke Parrot, 106; ‘I _basse_ or -kysse a person, _Ie baise_’, Palsgrave. F. _baiser_; L. _basiare_. - -=bassa,= an earlier form of the Turkish military title ‘Bashaw’. Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 3. 306; spelt _basso_, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 1. 1. -Turkish _bāshā_, prob. fr. _bāsh_, a head. See NED. (s.v. Pasha). - -=basta,= enough. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 203. Ital. (and Span.) _basta_, it is -enough (Florio); Ital. _bastare_, and Span. _bastar_, to suffice. - -=bastard,= a sweet Spanish wine resembling muscatel. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. -30; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 12. - -=bastardeigne,= for =bastard eigné,= firstborn bastard. Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, iv (Widow). _Eigné_ is a late spelling of _ayné_, _ainé_; from -F. _aîné_, OF. _ainsné_; _ains_, before, + _né_, born (Hatzfeld). - -=bastone,= a ‘baton’, cudgel. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.). -ME. _baston_, a cudgel (Cursor M. 15827). OF. _baston_ (F. _bâton_). See -=batoon.= - -=batable,= debatable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. -‘_Batable ground_ seemeth to be the ground in question heretofore -whether it belonged to England or Scotland, 23 Hen. VIII, c. 16, as if -we should say debatable ground,’ Cowell, Interp. (ed. 1637). - -=bate= (short for =abate=), to reduce, diminish, decrease, deduct. -Merch. Ven. iii. 3. 32; iv. 1. 72; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 2; Hamlet, v. 2. -23; to blunt, Love’s L. L. i. 1. 6. Phr. _to bate an Ace_, to abate a -tittle, to make the slightest abatement, Heywood, Witches of Lancashire -iv (Robin); vol. iv, p. 223, l. 2; _Bate me an ace, quod Bolton_, an -expression of incredulity, R. Edwards, Damon and P. in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 77 (NED. s.v. Bate, vb.^{2} 6 d). - -=bate,= to beat the wings impatiently and flutter away from the fist or -perch. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 199; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 99 (old edd. _bayted_). -F. _se battre_. - -=bate,= bit, a northern form of the pret. of _bite_. Spenser, F. Q. ii. -5. 7. See EDD. (s.v. Bate vb.^{4}). - -=batful,= fattening, full of sustenance. Drayton, Pol. iii. 349; vii. -93; &c. See =batten.= - -=batoon, battoon,= a stick, cudgel. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 -(Rogers); _battoon_, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 (Egremont). -See =bastone.= - -=battaile,= a body of troops in battle array. Bacon, Essay 58, § 9; -_battayle_, Psalm lxxvi. 3 (Bible 1539); _the main battle_, main body of -an armed force, Richard III, v. 3. 301. Prov. _batalha_ ‘troupe rangée’ -(Levy). - -=batten,= to feed gluttonously, Hamlet, iii. 4. 67; to fatten, -‘Battening our flocks’, Milton, Lycidas, 29; to grow fat, B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Moon-calf). See Dict. - -=battle,= (at Oxford) to have a kitchen and buttery account, to obtain -provisions in college. ‘I eat my commons with a good stomach and battled -with discretion’, Puritan Widow, i. 2. 42; ‘To battle, as scholars do in -Oxford, _Estre debteur au College pour ses vivres_’, Sherwood, Dict. -1672. - -=battle, battill,= to grow fat. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 38; _battling_, -fattening, nourishing to cattle, Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 9. 4; -nutritious to man, Golding, tr. of Ovid Met. xv. 359. See =batten.= - -=battle.= See =battaille.= - -=battled,= ‘embattled’, furnished with battlements. Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iii. 2 (Maria). - -=battree,= a battle, encounter. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, 16; -Pompey, 1. Variant of _battery_. - -=baudkin,= a rich embroidered stuff, a rich brocade. Holland, Camden’s -Brit. i. 174; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 777. Hence, _cloth of bodkin_, -Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iii. 2 (Frederick); B. Jonson, Discoveries, -lxviii; Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1. OF. _baudequin_, med. L. -_baldakinus_ (Ducange), cp. Ital. _baldacchino_, lit. belonging to -_Baldacco_, the Italian name for Bagdad. - -=baudricke,= ‘a baldric’, belt, girdle. Spenser calls the zodiac the -_baudricke_ (or _bauldricke_) of the heavens, F. Q. v. 1. 11; -Prothalamion, 174. ME. _bawdryk_ (Prompt.), MHG. _balderich_, a girdle -(Schade). See Dict. (s.v. Baldric). - -†=bause= (?). Only in this passage: ‘My spaniel slept, whilst I _baus’d_ -leaves’, Marston, What you Will, ii. 2 (Lam.). - -=bauson, bawson,= a badger. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 71; _bauzon’s_ -skin; Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, st. 10. _Bauson_ -is a common north-country word for a badger, see EDD. Cp. OF. _bausen_, -_bauzan_, black and white spotted, Ital. _balzano_, a horse with white -feet (Florio). See NED. The French word for a badger is _blaireau_. - -=baux= (a plural form), the name of a breed of swift hounds used in the -chase; ‘Those dogges called Baux of Barbarie, of the whiche Phoebus -doeth speake’, Turbervile, Hunting, ch. i. p. 3; ‘White dogges called -Baux, and surnamed Greffiers’, id. ch. ii, p. 4; ‘_Greffiers_, a kind of -white hounds, the same as Bauds’, Cotgrave; ‘_Souillard_, the name of a -dog, between which and a bitch called _Baude_, the race of the _Bauds_ -(white and excellent hounds) was begun’ (id.). Comb. _Baux-hound_, -Holme’s Academy of Armory, p. 184. F. _baud_, ‘chien courant, originaire -de Barbarie’ (Hatzfeld). Probably of Germanic origin, cp. OHG. _bald_, -bold (Schade). - -=bavian,= a baboon, an occasional character in the old Morris dance. He -appears in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. See Nares. Du. _baviaan_. - -=bawcock,= a fine fellow, Hen. V, iii. 2. 27; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. -125. A Lincolnshire word for a foolish person (EDD.). Hence probably the -surname ‘Bawcock’, see Bardsley, 475. F. _beau coq_, a fine cock. - -=bawn,= a fortified enclosure, outwork of a castle. Spenser, View of -Ireland, Globe ed. p. 642, col. 2. Irish _baḋḃḋún_, an enclosure -(Dinneen). - -=bawson,= see =bauson.= - -=bay,= see =beck and bay, at.= - -=bayard,= the name of the horse given to Renaud, one of the Four Sons of -Aymon (name of a romance), hence, a common name for a horse; ‘Bolde -bayarde, ye are to blynde’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 123, l. 101; _a -Bayard’s bun_, horse bread, id. i. 15, l. 8. _Bayard_, lit. of a bay -colour, O. Prov. _baiart_, ‘bai; cheval bai’ (Levy). - -=bayes,= ‘baize’. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. v, p. 31. A plural form -of _bay_, bay coloured, reddish-brown. See Dict. (s.v. Baize). - -=beace,= beasts; pl. of _beast_. Golding, Metam. xv. 13. This is the -usual pron. of _beast_ (and _beasts_) in the north of England. For -various spellings—_beas_, _beece_, _beess_, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Beast). - -=beached,= apparently for _beeked_, i.e. seasoned (as wood) by exposure -to heat. ‘A coodgell [cudgel] _beached_ or pilled [peeled] lawfully’, -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 39; p. 106. Cp. ME. _beke_: ‘to beke wandes’ -(Cath. Angl.), see NED. (s.v. Beek vb.^{1} 1 b). See =beak.= - -=bead,= a prayer, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 872. -This is the orig. sense of mod. E. _bead_; a perforated ball was so -called because it was used for counting prayers. ME. _bede_ ‘oracio’ -(Prompt.). OE. (_ge_)_bed_ prayer. - - =bead-roll,= a list, catalogue. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 32; - _bed-roll_, Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 1 (Sir Charles). - Properly, a list of persons to be specially prayed for. - - =beadsman,= one who prays for another, Two Gent. i. 1. 18. ME. - _bedeman_, ‘orator, supplicator’ (Prompt.). OE. (_ge_)_bedmann_ - (John iv. 23). - -=bead-hook,= a kind of boat-hook. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad xv. 356, -624; Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 (Septimius). Spelt _beede-hook_, Raleigh, -Hist. World (NED.). - -=beak, beyk,= to expose to the warmth of the fire; to season by heat. -‘Beak ourselves’, Grimald, Metrodorus, 3; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 109. -_Beyked_, seasoned, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 3. See EDD. (s.v. Beek -vb. 1 and 2). See =beached.= - -=beam,= the main trunk of a stag’s horn which bears the antlers, -Turbervile, Hunting, 53. - -=beam,= see =beme.= - -=beamy,= beam-like, massive. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 480; tr. of Aeneid, -xii. 641. Cp. 1 Sam. xvii. 7 (massive as a weaver’s beam—the spear of -Goliath). - -=bear= (the animal). Are you there with your _bears_? are you at it -again? ‘Explained by Joe Miller as the exclamation of a man who, not -liking a sermon he had heard on Elisha and the bears, went next Sunday -to another church, only to find the same preacher and the same -discourse’ (NED.). Some think it refers to the bears in a bear-garden; -but they do not say why, nor how. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 3 (Silena); -Howell, Foreign Travell, p. 20. - - =bear-brich,= bear-breech, bear’s-breech; a popular name of the - acanthus; see NED. (s.v. Brank-ursine). Golding, Metam. xiii. - 701 (L. acantho); fol. 162 (1603). - - =bear-herd,= the keeper of a bear, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 191. - - =bear-ward,= B. Jonson, Masque of Angus (Slug). Fletcher, - Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Prigg). - -=bear a brain,= to use one’s brains, to be cautious; also, to remember. -Romeo, i. 3. 29; Grim the Collier, v. 1. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. -457. Cp. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1422. - -=bear in hand,= to lead one to believe, to keep in expectation, to amuse -with false _pretences_, Meas. for M., i. 4. 51. Hamlet, ii. 2. 67; B. -Jonson, Volpone i. 1; ‘_I beare in hande_, I threp upon a man that he -hath done a dede, or make hym byleve so’, Palsgrave. See EDD. (s.v. -Barenhond). ME. ‘I bar him on honde he hadde enchanted me’ (Chaucer, C. -T. D. 575). - -=bearing.= ‘A standing [upright] bearyng bowe,’ Ascham, Toxophilus, p. -79. _A bearing arrow_ seems to have meant an arrow true in its flight -(Nares), though it merely meant stout, or strong; probably _a bearing -bow_ was a strong and trusty one, one to be relied upon to shoot -straight and well. So also _bearing_ dishes, i.e. solid, substantial -dishes or viands; Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1 (Greedy). - -=bearing-cloth,= the cloth in which a child was carried to the font. -Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 119; Beaumont and Fl., Chances, iii. 3 -(Landlady). - -=beast,= an obsolete game at cards, resembling the modern ‘Nap’. Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 1. 1007. See NED. (s.v. Beast, 8). - -=beaten,= orig. hammered; hence, overlaid or inlaid; embroidered. -‘Beaten damask’, Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk). - -=beath,= to dry green wood by placing it near the fire, to season wood -by heat. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 9; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 7. An E. -Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _bethen_ (Treatyse of Fysshynge). OE. _beðian_, -to foment, to warm. - -=beauperes,= fair companions. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 35. OF. _beau_ + -_per_. F. _pair_, an equal, a peer. - -=beaver;= see =bever.= - -=becco,= a cuckold. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole); Massinger, -Bondman, ii. 3 (Gracculo). Ital. _becco_, a he-goat, a cuckold (Florio). - -=beck and bay, at,= at some one’s command. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, 381. -The meaning of the word _bay_ in this phrase is uncertain; it is prob. -connected with ME. _beien_, to bend; OE. (Anglian), _bēgan_; cp. the -phr. _buken and beien_, Juliana, 27. See EDD. (s.v. Bay, vb.^{3}), and -NED. (s.v. Bow, vb.^{1} 6, quot. A.D. 1240). - -=become;= ‘I know not where my sonne _is become_’, i.e. what has become -of him, Gascoigne, Supposes, v. 5 (Philogano); ed. Hazlitt, i. 251. Once -very common. - -=bed,= to pray. Spenser, F. Q., vi. 5. 35. Cp. ME. _bede_, a prayer. See -=bead.= - -=bed,= to command, to bid; ‘Until his Captaine _bed_’, until his captain -may command, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 41. 3 pr. sing. subj. of ME. _beden_; -OE. _bēodan_, to command. - -=bedare,= to dare, defy. Peele, David (Salomon); ed. Dyce, p. 484. From -_dare_; see NED. (s.v. _Be-_, prefix, p. 720). - -=bed-fere,= bed-fellow. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, iii. 542: spelt -_bedphere_, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, ii. 5. - -=bedlam,= a lunatic; one who had been in Bethlehem hospital; the -half-cured patients were licensed to beg for alms for their support. -Barnes, Works (1572) p. 294, col. 2; Gammer Gurton’s Needle has, for one -of its characters, Diccon _the Bedlam_; Bunyan, Pilgr. i. 123 (NED.); ‘A -bedlam, _maniacus_, _insanus_, _furiosus’_, Coles, Lat. Dict. See EDD. -(sb.^{1} 4). - -=bedrench,= to soak, swamp. Richard II, iii. 3. 46; _bedrent_, pt. s. -Sackville, Induction, st. 21. - -=bed-staff,= ‘a staff or stick used in some way about a bed’ (NED.). The -precise sense is uncertain. Often used as a weapon; B. Jonson, Every -Man, i. 4 (Bobadil). ‘With throwing _bed-staves_ at her’, Staple of -News, v. 1 (Lickfinger). - -=bee,= an armlet, ring. ‘A riche _bee_ of gold’, Morte Arthur, leaf 135 -(end); bk. vii, c. 35. The word is still in use in Ireland for a ferule -(EDD.). ME. _bee_, an armlet (Paston Letters, iii. 464). OE. _bēah_. - -=beech-coal,= charcoal made from beech wood. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 -(Face). - -=beeld,= to ‘build’. Mirror for Magistrates, Emp. Severus, st. 21. -_Beeld_ is the pron. of _build_ in many parts of England and Scotland, -see EDD., The Grammar; Index (s.v. Build). - -=beer,= a pillow. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. iv. 414. See NED. -(s.v. Bear, sb.^{4}). See =pillowbeer.= - -=before me,= a form of asseveration. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 194; Oth. iv. 1. -149. Cp. _before heaven_, Meas. ii. 1. 69; _before God_, Much Ado, ii. -3. 192. - -=beg for a fool,= to ask for the guardianship of an idiot. The custody -of an idiot or witless person could be granted by the king to a subject -who had sufficient interest to obtain it. If the ‘fool’ was wealthy, it -was a profitable business. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo). - -=begin,= s., a beginning. ‘Of fowr begynns’ (i.e. the four elements), -Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 38; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. ‘The hard -beginne’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 21. - -=beglerbeg,= the governor of an Ottoman province. Massinger, Renegado, -iii. 4 (Carazie). Turk. _begler-beg_, bey of beys. - -=beglarde,= for _beglaired_, smoothed over, as with a cosmetic. Mirror -for Magistrates; Guidericus, st. 43. From _glair_, q.v. - -=behave,= to manage, govern, control. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Timon, -iii. 5. 22. OE. _behabban_, to restrain. - -=behight= (in Spenser). Forms: _behight_, pres., pt. t., and pp.; -_behot_ (_behote_) pp. Meanings: (1) to promise, Pt. t.: F. Q. iv. 11. -6; Pp.: F. Q. ii. 3. 1; F. Q. i. 11. 38 (behot); (2) to name, call, -pronounce, F. Q. i. 10. 64; Pp.: Shep. Kal., April, 120; (3) to order, -command, F. Q. vi. 2. 30; Pt. t.: F. Q. ii. 11. 17; (4) to entrust, -commit, Pt. t.: F. Q. v. 9. 3; Pp.: F. Q. i. 10. 50; (5) to account, -consider, Pp.: F. Q. iv. 1. 44; (6) to adjudge, Pp.: F. Q. iv. 5. 7. The -normal ME. forms are: _Behote_ (infin.), _behight_ (pt. t.), -_behote_(_n_ (pp.). - -=behight,= a promise. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lxxiii, l. 60. - -=beholding,= indebted, under obligation. Merry Wives, i. 1. 283; -Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Pinac). In common prov. use -in many parts of England (Midlands, E. Anglia, Somerset). See EDD. - -=beholdingness,= obligation, indebtedness. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 -(last speech). - -=bel-accoyle,= fair welcome. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. OF. _bel acoil_, -fair welcome. See =accoyl.= - -=belamour,= a lover. Spenser, F. Q. 6. 16; iii. 10. 22. F. _bel amour_. - -=belamy,= fair friend. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 52. ME. _bel amy_ (Chaucer, -C. T. C. 318). OF. _bel ami_. - -=belay,= to beset, encompass. Spenser, Sonnet, 14; _belayd_, pp. set -about with ornament; F. Q. vi. 2. 5. - -=belee,= to place on the lee, in a position in which the wind has little -influence; ‘Beleed and calmed’, Othello, i. 1. 30. - -=beleek,= belike, probably. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 1 (Mercury); id. -Tale of Troy; ed. Dyce, p. 555. See =belike.= - -=belgards,= amorous glances. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; iii. 10. 52. -Ital. _bel guardo_, fair or kindly look. - -=belike,= perhaps, no doubt (used ironically). Milton, P. L. ii. 156; -Two Gent. ii. 1. 85. In common prov. use (EDD.). - -=belive,= quickly. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, ii. 1. Still in use in Scotland and the north of England -(EDD.). ME. _bi life_, lit. with life or liveliness. See =bilive.= - -=bell, to bear the,= to take the first place, be the first, be -pre-eminent. ‘Win the spurres, and beare the bell’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Aristippus, § 1. From the precedence of the bell-wether; see -NED. - -=bellibone,= a fair lass. ‘Such a bellibone’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., -April, 92. From F. _belle et bonne_, fair and good girl. See -=bonnibell.= - -=bells,= pl.: in phr. _to take one’s bells_, used _fig._, to be ready to -fly away. Ford, Sun’s Darling, iii. 1 (Humour). A hawk had light bells -fastened to her legs before she flew off, that her flight might be -traced. - -=belly-cheat,= an apron. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 -(Higgen); ‘A belly-chete, an apern’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83. See -=backcheat.= - -=belly-cheer,= feasting, gluttony. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. -ix. 114; also, meat, viands; ‘_Carrelure de ventre_, meat, belly-timber, -belly-cheere’, Cotgrave. - -=belsire,= grandfather. Drayton, Pol. viii. 73; _beel sire_, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 321. 6; _bele-fader_, id. lf. 344, back, 27; -‘_Belsyre_, grant pere’, Palsgrave. ME. _belsyr_, or belfadyr, ‘Avus’ -(Prompt.). - -=beme,= a trumpet. _Beames_ (spelt _beaumous_) pl., Morte Arthur, leaf -423, back, 1; bk. xxi. ch. 4. ME. _beme_ (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1240). OE. -(Mercian) _bēme_. - -=bemoiled,= covered with dirt. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 77. In prov. use in -the Midlands (EDD.). - -=bemol,= B flat, in the musical scale. In the old sets of hexachords, -which began with C, G, or F; it was found necessary, in the hexachord -beginning with F, to flatten the note B. The new note, thus introduced -into the old scale, was called _B-mol_ or _Be-mol_, i.e. B soft; from -OF. _mol_, soft; L. _mollis_. Its symbol was _b_, later ♭, which -afterwards became a general symbol for a flattened note. ‘La, sol, re, -Softly bemole’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 533. Also, a half-note; ‘_Two -beemolls_, or halfe-notes’, Bacon, Sylva, § 104. - -=ben,= a cant term for good; _ben cove_, a good fellow. Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat). - -=ben bouse,= a slang term for good drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor). - -=bend= (in heraldry), an oblique stripe on a shield. Morte Arthur, leaf -216. 27; bk. x. c. 12; ‘Our bright silver bend’, Drayton, Heroical -Epistles, Surrey to Lady Geraldine, 95. The _bend_ is usually the _bend -dexter_, from the dexter chief to the sinister base; the _bend sinister_ -slopes the other way. - -=bend,= a band or company. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 32. F. _bende_ -(Cotgr.). See NED. - -=bend,= a piece of very thick leather, a piece of sole-leather. ‘A bend -of leather’, Heywood, First Part of K. Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. i. p. 40. -Also, _bend-leather_ (NED.). The words _bend_, _bend-leather_, _bend of -leather_, _leather bend_ are in use in Scotland and the north of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Bend sb.^{1}). - -=bend,= to cock a musket, pistol, or other fire-arms. A transferred use, -from bending a bow. ‘Like an engyn bent’, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 3. 53 -[‘With hackbut bent’, Scott, Cadyow Castle, 137]; to direct any weapon -(spear, dart, &c.), ‘to bend that mortal dart’, Milton, P. L. ii. 729; -‘so bent his spear’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 34; (figuratively), King Lear, -ii. 1. 48. - -=bene-bouse, benbouse,= good drink. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, -iii. 3 (Higgen); B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). - -=bene whids,= good words; _to cut bene whids_, to speak good words. -(Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). - -=benedicite:= phr. _under ‘benedicite’ I speak it_, Stubbes, Anat. -Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 186). The expression is used by Stubbes, when -making a serious charge against the magistrates, as an invocation for -deliverance from evil. L. _benedicite_, bless ye. - -=benempt,= _pp._ named. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 214. OE. _benemned_, -pp. of _benemnan_, to name (Matt. ix. 9, Lind.). - -=benjamin,= corruption of _benjoin_, earlier form of benzoin. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Herrick, Hesp. (ed. 1869, p. 139). - -=benome, benoom,= to deprive. Spelt _benome_, Mirror for Mag., Somerset, -st. 9; _benoom_, id. Buckingham, st. 15. _Benome_ due to pret. forms of -OE. _beniman_ (_nōm_, sing.; _nōmon_, pl.). - -=bent,= a grassy slope. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 544 (from Chaucer, C. T. A. -1981); Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, XX. 9. Still in use in this sense in -Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Bent, II. 3). - -=benting times,= scarce times, times when pigeons have no food but -_bent-grass_. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1283. - -=bepounced,= ornamented. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 454. See -=pounce.= - -=beray,= to defile, befoul; ‘Berayde with blots’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, -241 (p. 56); Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Firestone); ‘It’s an ill bird -that berays its own nest’, Ray’s Proverbs (A.D. 1678); Palsgrave; -Sherwood. - -=berew,= in a row; ‘Mock them all berew’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 246. See =rewe.= - -=bergomask,= a rustic dance. Mids. Night’s D. v. 360. Ital. -_bergamasca_, ‘sorta di ballo composto tutto di salti e capriole’ -(Fanfani); _Bergamasco_, belonging to _Bergamo_, a province in the state -of Venice. The inhabitants were ridiculed as being clownish in manners. - -=berlina,= a pillory. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 8 (1 Avoc.). Ital. -_berlina_, ‘a pillorie’ (Florio). Med. Lat. _berlina_ (Ducange). - -=Bermoothes,= the Bermudas. Temp. i. 2. 229. See =Burmoothes.= - -=berne,= a herb; ‘The iuyce of Berne or wylde Cresseys’, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 8; p. 21. F. _berle_, Med. L. _berula_, the water-pimpernel, -see Gerarde, p. 621. See Prompt. EETS. (s.v. Bellerne, note no. 176). - -†=berry,= an error for _bevy_, i.e. a number; ‘A _berry_ of fair roses’, -Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 322. Cp. ‘A Beuy of Roos’, -Book of St. Albans, fol. f 6. - -=beryels,= a tomb. Morte Arthur, leaf 141, back, 7; bk. viii. c. 6 -(end); spelt _buryels_, id. leaf 233, back, 23; bk. x. c. 32. OE. -_byrgels_. See Dict. (s.v. Burial). - -=besant, besaunte,= a gold coin of Byzantium. Morte Arthur, leaf 78. 15; -bk. iv. c. 26. It varied in value from half a sovereign to a sovereign. -See Dict. - -=bescumber,= to befoul. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. ix. 34; B. -Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1. (Tibullus); Staple of News, v. 2; Comical -History of Francion (Nares); spelt _bescummer_, Beaumont and Fl., Fair -Maid of the Inn, iv. The word _bescummer_, to besmear with dirt, _fig._ -to abuse, calumniate, is in obsolescent use in Somerset and Devon -(EDD.). See =scumber.= - -=beseen:= in phr. _well beseen_; spelt _well bisene_, Morte Arthur, leaf -22, back, 32; bk. i. c. 8; _well beseene_, well furnished, Spenser, -Tears of the Muses, 180; ‘I am besene, I am well or yvell apareyled’, -Palsgrave. - -=besgue,= stammering. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 271. 5. OF. _besgue_ (F. -_bègue_). - -=besides himself,= all by himself, alone. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, i. 1 (Violetta). - -=besit,= to suit, befit. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 10; _besitting_, -befitting, id. iv. 2. 19; ‘It well besits’, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, -227. Cp. use of F. _seoir_, to sit, also, to fit, suit, sit properly on -(Hatzfeld). - -=beslurry,= to sully all over; ‘All beslurried’, Drayton, Nymphidia, st. -32. Prov. E. _slurry_, to soil, bedaub (EDD). - -=beso las manos,= a kissing of hands; lit. ‘I kiss your hands’, a common -Spanish salutation to a lady. Massinger, Duke of Florence, iii. 1 -(Calandrino). - -=besogno,= a needy fellow (a term of contempt). B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, iv. 2 (Asotus). See =bisogno.= - -=bespawl,= to bespatter with saliva. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); -‘Foam bespawled beard’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 440. OE. _spāld_ (_spādl_, -_spāðl_, _spātl_), saliva. - -=besprint,= besprinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 111. Also -_besprent_, _bespreint_. OE. _besprenged_, pp. of _besprengan_, to -sprinkle. - -=bestead,= pp. _ill bestedded_, ill helped, in a bad plight. Spenser, F. -Q. iv. 1. 3; _ill bestad_, id. ii. 1. 52; _strangely bestad_, strangely -beset or placed, id. iii. 10. 54; _bestad_, treated, id. vi. 6. 18; -circumstanced, Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 23. See Dict. - -=bestraught,= distracted. Tam. Shrew, Induction, ii. 26. L. _distractus_ -gave _distract_ and _distraught_ on the analogy of ME. _straught_, pp. -of _strecchen_, to stretch (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 599); hence the -forms _bestraught_, _astraught_. See NED. (s.v. Bestraught). - -=betake,= to commit, consign, deliver, hand over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. -25; vi. 11. 51; pt. t. _betook_, id. iii. 6. 28; pp. _betake_, Phaer, -tr. of Aeneid, i. 62; fol. B ij. ME. _bitaken_; ‘Ich bitake min soule -God’ = I commit my soul to God (Rob. Glouc. 475). - -=be-tall,= to pay; ‘What is to _be-tall_, what there is to pay; the -amount of the reckoning’, Heywood, Fair Maid of the West, ii. 1 (Clem); -with a quibble on _to be tall_. Du. _betalen_, to pay (Hexham). - -=beteem,= to grant, bestow, concede, indulge with. Mids. Night’s D. i. -1. 131; Hamlet, i. 2. 141; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 19. A Gloucestershire -word (EDD.). Cp. ME. _temen_, to offer or dedicate (to God), Cursor M. -6170; see NED. (s.v. Teem, vb.^{1} 7). - -=betight,= _pp._ for _betid_ or _betided_; happened. Spenser, Shep. -Kal., Nov., 174. - -=betso,= a small Venetian coin; worth about a farthing. Marmion, The -Antiquary, iii. 1 (Bravo). Ital. _bezzo_, a small brass coin in Venice -(Florio). - -=bett,= better. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 15. OE. _bet_, adv. better. - -=beurn,= for _berne_, a warrior. Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 54; in -Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. ME. _burne_, a man (P. Plowman, C. xvi. 163). -OE. _beorn_, a brave man. - -=bever,= the lower part of the moveable front of a helmet. Bacon, Essay -35, § 1; Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 31; _beaver_, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 120; Hen. -V. iv. 2. 44. F. ‘_Bavière d’un armet_, the beaver of a helmet’ -(Cotgr.). - -=bever,= a short intermediate repast. A supper, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xvii, l. 10 from end. _Bever_ is in prov. use in many parts of England -in the sense of a slight refreshment taken between meals, either at 11 -a.m. or 4 p.m. (EDD.). Norm. F. _bever_, ‘boire’ (Moisy); cp. Mod. Prov. -_grand-béure_, ‘petit repas que les moissonneurs font vers 10 heures du -matin’ (Glossaire, _Mirèio_). - -=bever,= to tremble. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 4; bk. i, c. 15. -_Bever_ (_biver_), to tremble, is in common prov. use in England and -Scotland (EDD.). - -=bewaile,= to lament over; ‘An hidden rock . . . That lay in waite her -wrack for to bewaile’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 31. The meaning seems to be: -the rock lay in wait so that she would have to bewail her wreck. - -=beware,= to spend, bestow money. _Wel bywaryd_, well bestowed. Morte -Arthur, leaf 123, back, 18; bk. vii, c. 21. Cp. prov. word _ware_, to -spend, to lay out money (EDD.). ME. _waryn_, ‘mercor’ (Prompt.). - -=bewared,= made to beware, put on one’s guard. Dryden, Cock and Fox, -799. - -=bewet, buet,= a ring or slip of leather for attaching a bell to a -hawk’s leg. ‘The letheris that be putt in his bellis, to be fastyned -a-boute his leggys, ye shall calle _Bewettis_’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. -B 6; ‘That, hauing hood, lines, _buets_, bels of mee,’ Turbervile, To a -fickle Dame, 2. Dimin. of OF. _buie_, _bue_, _boie_, a bond, chain, -fetter. L. _boia_, sing. of _boiae_, a collar. - -=bezoar’s stone,= for =bezoar-stone,= a supposed antidote to poison. B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). See Dict. - -=bezonian,= needy beggar, rascal. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 115; 2 Hen. VI, iv. -1. 134; spelt _bisognion_, Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 1. 13; see -Dict. See =bisogno.= - -=bezzle,= to besot, stupefy, to drink immoderately. Marston, Malcontent, -ii. 2 (Malevole). ‘To bezzle, _pergraecor_’, Coles, Dict. Hence, -_bezeling_, tippling, Marston, Scourge, ii. 7. In prov. use in the sense -of drinking immoderately, in various parts of England; see EDD. (s.v. -Bezzle, vb.^{1} 2). Norm. F. ‘_besiller_, s’user, s’épuiser, se perdre, -dépérir’ (Moisy). See Ducange (s.v. Besilium). - -=bias, from the,= out of the way, off the track. Dekker, Shoemaker’s -Holiday, iii. 1 (Hodge). Prov. _biais_, ‘manière, façon’; _de biais_, -‘obliquement’ (Levy). - -=bibble, bible,= to drink frequently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. -478; Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 550. In prov. use in various parts of -England (EDD.). - -=bidcock,= a bird; said to be the water-rail. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 100. - -=biddell,= a beadle. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 28. OE. _bydel_. - -=bidene,= in one body or company, together, World and Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 268 (NED.); straightway, at once, forthwith, -Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 956; Douglas, Aeneid, I. ii. 33 (NED.). Often -used in Scottish poetry as a rime word, or to fill up the line, or as a -mere expletive, see EDD. (s.v. Bedene). Cp. ME. phrase _all_(_e bidene_, -continuously, one after another (Cursor M. 1457); in one body, all -together (Ormulum, 4793). - -=bid-stand,= a highwayman. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 -(Sogliardo). Because he _bids_ men _stand and deliver_. - -=bienvenu, benvenu,= a welcome. A Woman never vext, v. 1 (King); -Massinger, The Picture, ii. 2. 4. F. _bienvenuë_, a welcome (Cotgr.). - -=big,= a pap or teat. Tusser, Husbandry, 74; Shadwell Witches (EDD.), -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xviii. ch. 7; ‘_Bigge_, a country word for a -pap or teat’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See EDD. - -=big,= a boil, small tumour. Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxxii. ch. 9; -Gaule Cases Consc. 6 (NED.). - -=biggin,= a child’s cap. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5 (Mosca); Proverb, -‘From the biggen to the nightcap’ (i.e. from infancy to old age), B. -Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Haughty); the saying is still in use in -Cornwall (EDD.). F. ‘_beguin_, a biggin for a child’ (Cotgr.). - -=biggon,= a barrister’s cap. Mayne, City Match, iv. 7 (Aurelia). - -=bilander,= a coasting vessel, a by-lander. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. -128. Du. _bijlander_. - -=bilbo,= a sword of excellent quality. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 112. Hence, -one who wears a bilbo, id. i. 1. 165. From _Bilbao_ (E. Bilboa) in -Spain. - -=bilboes,= pl., an iron bar, with sliding shackles, for securing -prisoners. Hamlet, v. 2. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 2 -(near the end). Perhaps from Bilbao; see above. - -=bilive,= soon, quickly. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lord). See -=belive.= - -=bilk,= a statement having nothing in it. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 -(Tub); a cheat, a fraud, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 376. - -=bill,= an advertisement. Much Ado, i. 1. 39; B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of -Humour, iii. 1. 1; a doctor’s prescription, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 603. - -=billed,= _pp._ enrolled. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antony, § 3 (Shak. -Plut. p. 157, note 3). - -=billiments,= pl., habiliments, apparel. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 -(Tibet); _billements_, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). Short -for _habiliments_. - -=bill-men,= watchmen, armed with a pike or halbert. Middleton, Blurt, -Mr. Constable, i. 2 (Blurt). - -=bind with,= to grapple with, seize; said of a hawk. Massinger, -Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). - -=bing,= to go. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. I (Song); _bynge a -waste_, go you hence, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; _bing awast_, go away, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=bird-bolt,= a short blunt arrow, usually shot from a cross-bow at -birds. Much Ado, i. 1. 42; L. L. L. iv. 3. 25. - -=birle,= to pour out liquor. Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 269; Levins -Manip. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _byrle_ (Cath. Angl.); OE. -_byrlian_, to give to drink; _byrel_, a cup-bearer. - -=bisa, bise,= a north wind. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1339); p. -134, col. 2. F. _bise_, a north wind (Cotgr.). O. Prov. _biza_, ‘bise, -nord’ (Levy). - -=bisogno, bisognio,= a needy fellow, a term of contempt. Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Alguazier); Chapman, Widow’s Tears, i. (Lysander). -Ital. _bisogni_, pl. new-levied soldiers, needy men; _bisogno_, need, -want. Cp. =bezonian.= - -=bitched,= a term of opprobrium; ‘Bitched brothel’, World and Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254. - -=bite on the bridle,= to be impatient of restraint. Gascoigne, i. 449, -l. 25. - -=bitter, bittour,= a bittern. _Bitter_, Middleton, Triumph of Love, ed. -Dyce, v. 289; _bittour_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 89; Dryden, Wife of -Bath’s Tale, 194; Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. _bitore_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. -972); OF. _butor_, a bittern (Hatzfeld). - -=bizzle,= to become drunk, to drink to excess. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. -II, iii. 1 (Matheo). See =bezzle.= - -=black:= phr. _black is your eye_. To say ‘black is your eye’, to find -fault with one, to lay something to his charge. ‘I can say, _black’s -your eye_, though it be grey’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 1 -(Alguazier); ‘black’s mine eye’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, i. 2 -(Blurt). - -=black guard,= orig. a jocular name given to the lower menials of a -noble house, esp. those who had charge of kitchen utensils, and carried -them about when required; ‘A lousy slave, that within this twenty years -rode with the black guard in the duke’s carriage [i.e. among his -baggage], ’mongst spits and dripping-pans’, Webster, White Devil, ed. -Dyce, p. 8; Fletcher, Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo). - -=black jack,= a leathern jug for beer, tarred outside. Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Savil); Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (Gasparo). - -=black-mack,= a blackbird; ‘A leane birde of the kind of -_blacke-mackes_’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 34; ‘_Merula_, a -birde called a black-mack, an owzell, a mearle, or black-bird’, Florio. - -=black ox;= ‘The Black Ox has trod on his foot, he has fallen on -misfortune or sorrow’, Lyly, Sapho and Phao, iv. 1; Heywood, Eng. Prov. -(ed. Farmer, 112). See Nares, and EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)). - -=black-pot,= a beer-mug; hence, a toper. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2 -(scene 5, W.), at the end; p. 160, col. 2 (D.). - -=blacks,= mourning clothes. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Francisco); -Maid in a Mill, iv. 2 (Bustopha); Bacon, Essay 2; Massinger, Fatal -Dowry, ii. 1 (Charalois); Herrick, Hesperides, 379. In prov. use; see -EDD. (s.v. Black, sb.^{1} 4). - -=Black Sanctus,= or =Black Saunce;= see =Sanctus.= - -=blanch,= to give a fair appearance to by artifice or suppression of the -truth. Bacon, Essays 20 and 26; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 222; Od. xi. -492; Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 37). - -=blanch= (a hunting term), to ‘head back’ the deer in his flight. Lyly, -Gallathea, ii. 1. 231. Hence _blancher_, a person or thing placed to -turn the deer from a particular direction; Sydney, Arcadia, 64; _fig._ a -hinderer, Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 33 and 36). _Blanch_ still -used by huntsmen in Somerset and Devon in this sense (EDD.). See -=blencher.= - -=blank,= the white spot in the centre of a target; now, bull’s eye. -Hamlet, iv. 1. 42; _at twelve-score blank_, at a range of twelve score -yards, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Sophocles). - -=blank,= a blank bond, to be filled up at pleasure. Beaumont and Fl., i. -1 (Arbaces). Also, a small French coin, orig. of silver, but afterwards -of copper, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). - -=blank,= to render pale, to blanch. Hamlet, iii. 2. 232; to dismay, -Milton, Samson Ag. 471; _blanck_, disappointed, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. -17. - -=blatant, blattant,= bellowing. Spenser, F. Q. v. xii. 37, 41; Dryden, -Hind and Panther, ii. 230. ‘Blate’, to bellow, is in prov. use (EDD.). - -=blaze,= a white mark on an animal’s forehead; (on a black bull), -Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. Still in prov. use, esp. Yorksh. and Lincolnsh., -see EDD. (s.v. Blaze, sb.^{2} 1). - -=blazing star,= a comet. All’s Well, i. 3. 91; Middleton, Roaring Girl, -i. 1 (Sir Alex.). - -=bleaking-house,= bleaching-house. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iv. -2 (Savourwit). ME. _blekyn_, blechen clothe (Prompt.). - -=blear,= dim, indistinct, in outline. Milton, Comus, 155. - -=blear:= phr. _to blear the eyes_, to deceive, throw dust in the eyes. -Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; ‘He is nat in Englande that can bleare his eye -better than I can’, Palsgrave. - -=bleat= (meaning obscure); ‘How the judges have bleated him!’, Webster, -Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Julia). - -=bleater,= a sheep. (Cant.) Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). - -=blee,= colour, complexion, hue. Morte Arthur, leaf 88, back, 32; bk. v. -c. 10; Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 100). Occurs in ballad poetry in the -north (EDD.). ME. _blee_ (York Plays, xxviii. 259), OE. _blēo_. - -=blemish,= ‘When they [the huntsmen] find where a deare hath passed and -breake or plashe any boughe downewardes for a marke, then we say, they -blemish or make blemishes’, Turbervile, Hunting, 244. - -=blemishes,= ‘The markes which are left to knowe where a deare hath gone -in or out’, Turbervile, Hunting, 114. - -=blench,= a side glance, glimpse; ‘These blenches gave my heart another -youth’, Sh. Sonn. cx. A Warwickshire word (EDD.). - -=blench,= to start aside, to flinch, shrink. Fletcher, False One, iv. 4. -ME. _blenchen_ (Anc. Riwle, 242). - -=blencher,= a person stationed to ‘head hack’ the deer, to prevent him -from going in a particular direction. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 1 -(Sanchio); spelt _bleinchers_, pl., scarecrows, things put up to -frighten animals away, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 70, 192; ‘which some call -_shailes_, some _blenchars_, . . to feare away birdes’, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § 2. See =blanch.= - -=blend,= to blind, to dazzle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 35; _blent_, pp., F. -Q. ii. 4. 7; rendered obscure, Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 521; -_yblent_, F. Q. ii. 7. 1. - -=blend,= to mix, confuse, render turbid, disturb, pollute. Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 7. 10; _blent_, pp. defiled, F. Q. ii. 12. 7. - -=blenge,= to blend, mix. Tusser, Husbandry, § 100. 3. A ‘portmanteau’ -word; combination of _blend_ and _menge_, to mingle. - -=blenkard,= one who blinks, or has imperfect sight or intelligence. -Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 610. A north-country pronunc. of _blinkard_ -(EDD.). - -=blent;= see =blend.= - -=bless,= to wound, hurt; ‘When he did levell to shoote, he blessed -himselfe with his peece’, Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 237. F. -_blesser_, to wound (Cotgr.), Anglo-F. _blecer_ (Ch. Rol.). - -=bless,= to preserve, save. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 18; iv. 6. 13. - -=bless,= to brandish (a sword), to wave about. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 6; -i. 8. 22; vi. 8. 13; to brandish round an object with a weapon, ‘His -armed head with his sharpe blade he blest’, Fairfax, Tasso, ix. 67. - -=blewe point,= a blue point, or blue-tagged lace; ‘Not worth a blewe -point’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 9. See =point.= - -=blin, blinn,= to cease, leave off. Turbervile, Poems, in Chalmers’s -Eng. Poets, II, 589; to cause to cease, to put a stop to, Spenser, F. Q. -iii. 5. 22. Very common in northern ballad poetry (EDD.). ME. _blinnen_, -to cease (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1171); to cause to cease, Towneley Myst. -133. OE. _blinnan_, to cease. See =lin.= - -=blince,= (perhaps) to flinch, give way, to ‘blench’; ‘The which will -not _blince_’ riming with _prince_, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 148. - -=blindfeld,= blindfolded. Spelt _blyndefeld_, Morte Arthur, leaf 69, -back; bk. iv. c. 15; _blyndfielde_, R. Eden, First Three Books on -America, ed. Arber, p. 347, l. 7 from bottom. ‘I blyndefelde one’, -Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Blindfold). - -=blinkard,= ‘He that hath such eies that the liddes cover a great parte -of the apple’, Baret (1580); ‘a blinkard, _caeculus_, _paetus_, -_strabus_’, Coles (1679). Still in use in Northumberland and Lancashire -(EDD.). - -=blive,= quickly, soon, immediately. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 18; Surrey, -tr. of Aeneid ii. l. 294. See =belive.= - -=blo, bloo,= livid, esp. used of the colour caused by a bruise. _Bloo_ -and wan, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 141, l. 5; id. Magnyfycence, 2080. A -Yorkshire word (EDD.). ME. _blo_(_o_, ‘lividus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note -no. 195). Icel. _blā_, livid. - -=bloat, blote,= to smoke-dry (herrings); ‘_Fumer_, to bloat, besmoake, -hang or drie in the smoake’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Island Princess, ii. 5 -(1 Citizen). Hence, _bloat-herring_, a smoked herring, B. Jonson, Masque -of Augurs (Groom); Pepys, Diary (Oct. 5, 1661). A Suffolk word (EDD.). - -=block,= a mould for a hat; a fashion of hat. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at -Several Weapons, iv. 1 (Cunningham); Much Ado, i. 1. 77. - -=blonk,= fair, blond; said of hair. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270. 13. -See NED. (s.v. Blank). - -=blore,= a blast of wind. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 122; ix. 5; xiv. -330. ME. _blore_ (York Plays, xxvi. 188). - -=blot in the tables,= an exposed piece or ‘man’ in the game of -backgammon, liable to be taken; hence, a weak point. Middleton, Family -of Love, v. 3 (Gerardine); Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vii. 276. See Dict. (s.v. Blot (2)). - -=blother,= to gabble nonsense; to babble. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1049; -Colyn Cloute, 779. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Blather, vb.^{1}). -Icel. _blaðra_, to talk indistinctly, to talk nonsense. - -=blow-boll,= one who ‘blows in a bowl’, an habitual tippler. Skelton, -ed. Dyce, i. 23; l. 25. - -=blowen,= a wench, a trull. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Shamwell). [Cp. _blowing_, in Byron’s Don Juan, xi. 19.] - -=blow-point,= a game ‘played by blowing an arrow through a trunk at -certain numbers by way of lottery’, Strutt (quoted in NED.). Sidney, -Arcadia, ii. 224; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 2 (Anamnestes); Marmion, The -Antiquary, i. 1 (Leonardo). See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 531. - -=blue,= the usual colour of the dress of servants, or of beadles. -_Blue-coat_, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). _The blue -order_, i.e. of servants, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Onion). -Women condemned to Bridewell wore _blue gowns_, Massinger, City Madam, -iv. 2 (Luke); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. v. 1 (Lodovico). - -=blue-bottle rogue,= a term applied to a beadle, with reference to his -blue uniform. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 22. - -=blunket, blonket,= grey, greyish blue. ‘Bloncket liveries’, glossed by -‘gray coats’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 5. - -=blurt,= an exclamation of contempt, pish!, pooh!; ‘Blurt, Master -Constable’, the title of a play by Middleton, Dekker, Honest Wh., i. 5 -(Fluello); to treat contemptuously, Fletcher, Wild-goose Chase, ii. 2 -(last speech). - -=blushet= (only used by B. Jonson), a little blusher, a modest girl, -Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy senior); The Penates (Pan). - -=board, bord,= to accost, address. Hamlet, ii. 2. 171; Merry Wives, ii. -1. 92; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 5; _boorded_, addressed, id. ii. 4. 24. F. -_aborder_, to approach, accost (Cotgr.) A metaph. expression from -boarding a ship; see Nares. - -=board, bord,= a shilling. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll); -_a bord_, a shylling; Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -=bob,= a blow that does not break the skin, a rap; ‘Pinches, nippes and -bobbes’, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 47); a taunt, a bitter jibe, -As You Like It, ii. 7. 55; Wycherley, Dancing-master, i. 2 (Monsieur); -‘_Ruade seiche_, a drie bob, jeast or nip’, Cotgrave. ‘Bob’, in the -sense of a slight blow, is in prov. use in the Midlands and in E. -Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Bob, sb.^{2} 1). - -=bob,= to fish (for eels) with a _bob_, or grub for bait. Fletcher, Rule -a Wife, ii. 4. 9. In use in the Norfolk Broads, see NED. (s.v. Bob, -vb.^{4}), and EDD. (s.v. Bob, vb.^{6} 1). - -=bob,= to deceive, cheat. Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 75; ‘_Avoir le moine_, to -be gleekt, bobbed’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Span. Curate, v. 2 (Bartolus); -Little French Lawyer, ii. 1. 24. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bob, -vb.^{5}). OF. _bober_. - - =bobber,= a cheat, deceiver. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § - 12. - -=bobance, bobaunce,= arrogance, vanity. Morte Arthur, leaf 262. 12; bk. -x, c. 63; id. lf. 376. 25; bk. xviii, c. 15. F. _bobance_, ‘excessive -spending; insolency, surquedrie, proud or presumptuous boasting’ -(Cotgr.). O. Prov. _bobansa_, ‘faste, ostentation’ (Levy). - -=bob-fool:= in phr. _to play bob-fool_, to flout, make sport. Greene, -Alphonsus, iv (Amurack). - -=Bocardo,= the name of the prison above the old North Gate of the city -of Oxford, where Cranmer was confined, Strype, Archbp. Cranmer, iii. 11. -341; Oxford Records, 414; a prison, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (ed. -Furnivall, 126); Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Club). ‘Bocardo’ is a -mnemonic word used in Logic. - -=bodge,= an odd measure of corn. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). In -Kent the word _bodge_ means an odd measure of corn, left over after the -bulk has been measured into quarters and sacks; _bodge_ also means in -Kent a flat oblong basket used for carrying produce of garden or field, -see EDD. (s.v. Bodge, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). - -=bodkin,= a dagger. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, ii. 3 -(Duarte); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 2 (Aphobus); cp. Hamlet, -iii. 1. 76. - -=bodkin;= see =baudkin.= - -=bodrag,= a hostile incursion, a raid. ‘Nightly _bodrags_’, Spenser, -Colin Clout, 315. Hence _bodraging_, misspelt _bordraging_, the same; F. -Q. ii. 10. 63. Irish _buaidhreadh_, molestation, disturbance; -_buaidhr-im_, I vex, bother, trouble (Dinneen). - -=bog,= proud, saucy, bold. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 37. -st. 109; Rogers, Naaman, 18. Cp. ME. _boggisshe_, ‘tumidus’ (Prompt. -EETS., see note no. 161). - -=boggard,= a privy, _latrina_. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iv. 6 (end). - -=boistous, busteous, bousteous,= rough, rustic, coarse, violent, -vigorous. _Bousteous_ tree, vigorous tree; Turbervile, Time Conquereth -all Things, st. 7. _Boystous_, rude, coarse, A. Borde, Introd. of -Knowledge, bk. i, c. 14; p. 160. ME. _boystows_, ‘rudis’ (Prompt. EETS., -see note no. 166). See Dict. (s.v. Boisterous). - -=boll,= a rounded seed-vessel or pod, as that of flax or cotton. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 50. Hence _bolled_, having ‘bolls’, pods; -BIBLE, Ex. ix. 31 (AV.). ‘Boll’, in the sense of the seed-vessel of -flax, is in prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, also in Lincolnshire, see -EDD. (s.v. Boll, sb.^{2}). - -=boll,= to quaff the bowl, to booze; ‘They might syt bebbinge and -bollynge’, Coverdale, Micah, ii. 11. Hence _boller_, one who lingers at -the bowl, a drunkard, Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 81. - -=bollen,= swollen. Lucrece, 1417 (in old edd. _boln_); _bolne_, Hawes, -Past Pleas., p. 135; Surrey, tr. Aeneid ii, 616; _bowlne_, id. ii. 348. -Cp. the E. Anglian _bown_, swollen (EDD.). ME. _bollen_, swollen (Cursor -M. 12685). Icel. _bólgna_; Dan. _bolne_, to swell. See NED. (s.v. Bell, -vb.^{1}). - -=bolt,= an arrow for a cross-bow, with a blunt or square head, also -_gen._ an arrow; ‘The bolt of Cupid’, Mids. Night’s D., ii. 1. 165; ‘A -fool’s bolt is soon shot’, Hen. V, iii. 7. 132; Heywood, Eng. Prov. (ed. -Farmer, 145); ‘I’ll make a shaft or a bolt on’t’, Merry Wives, iii. 4. -24 (i.e. I’ll take the risk, whatever may come of it). - - =bolt’s-head,= a kind of retort used by alchemists. B. Jonson, - Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon); named from its long cylindrical neck. - -=bolt,= a roll of a woven stuff. B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle). - -=boltered,= clotted, coagulated. ‘Blood-boltered’, having the hair -clotted with blood, Macbeth, iv. 1. 123. A Warwickshire word (EDD.). - -=bolting-hutch,= a trough into which meal is sifted. Middleton, Mayor of -Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon). A Lincolnshire word, see EDD. (s.v. Bolting, -2 (3)). - -=bombard,= ‘a great gun or piece of ordnance’ (Bullokar). Caxton, -Reynard (ed. Arber, 58). F. _bombarde_, a bumbard, or murthering-piece -(Cotgr.). - -=bombard,= a large leathern vessel to carry liquors. Tempest, ii. 2. 21; -Hen. VIII, v. 4. 85. Hence _bombard-man_, one who provides liquor. B. -Jonson, Masque of Love Restored (Robin). - -=bombast,= cotton wadding. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 359; Beaumont and Fl., -Little French Lawyer, ii. 2. 8. OF. _bombace_, cotton (Godefroy). See -Dict. - -=bonair=(=e,= gentle, courteous. Holland, Livy, iv. 2. 446; _bonerly_, -in debonnaire fashion, World and Child, l. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. -243. F. _bonnaire_ and _bonnairement_ (Cotgr.). - -=bona roba,= a handsome wench, a wanton. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 26. Ital. -_buonaroba_, ‘as we say, good stuffe, a good wholesome plum-cheeked -wench’ (Florio). - -=bone;= ‘Look not upon me as I am a woman, But as a bone, thy wife, thy -friend’, Otway, Venice Preserved, ii. 2 (Belvidera). Meaning doubtful. - -=bones:= in phr. _to make bones_, to make scruples about, find -difficulty in; ‘Who make no bones of the Lord’s promises, but devoure -them all’, Rogers, Naaman, 579; ‘He made no manier bones . . . but went -in hande to offer up his only son Isaac’, Udall, Erasm. Par., Luke i. -28. Formerly also, _to find bones in_ (Paston Letters, 331), referring -to the occurrence of bones in soup, &c., as an obstacle to its being -easily swallowed, see NED. (s.v. Bone, 8). - -=bones,= dice. A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Stephen). A common expression. - -=bonfacion,= of good fashion, fashionable. Three Ladies of London; in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 251, 311. - -=bongrace,= a shade worn on the front of a woman’s bonnet as a -protection from the sun. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). F. -‘_bonnegrace_, the uppermost flap of the downhanging taile of a French -hood; whence belike our Boongrace’ (Cotgr.). - -=bonnibell,= a fair lass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., August, 62; B. Jonson, -The Satyr, l. 21. From F. _bonne et belle_, good and fair girl. See -=bellibone.= - -=bonny-clabber,= sour buttermilk. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Ford, -Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2. 8. ‘Bonny-clabber’ in Ireland means thick milk. -Irish _bainne_ [pronounc. _bonny_], milk, and _clabair_, anything thick -or half-liquid. In use in the United States wherever Irishmen forgather. -See Joyce, English in Ireland, 219. - -=bookholder,= a prompter in a theatre. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induct. - -=books:= phr. _to be in a person’s books_; ‘I see, lady, the gentleman -is not in your books’, Much Ado, i. 1. 179 (the probable meaning is, he -is not in favour, not in the lady’s ‘book of memory’, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 4. -101). - -=boon,= good; esp. in French phrases. ‘On a boon voyage’, Conflict of -Conscience; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 63. ‘Nature boon’, Milton, P. L. -iv. 242; cp. ix. 793. - -=boord, bord;= see =board,= and =bourd.= - -=boot-carouse,= a carousing out of a bombard or black-jack, which was -likened to a boot. Marston, Sat., ii. 154. - -=boot-hale,= to carry off booty. Heywood, Sallust, 33. Hence, -_boot-haler_, a freebooter, highwayman, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(J. Dapper); Holland, Livy, xxii. 41. 458; _boot-haling_, the carrying -away of booty, Florio, Montaigne, ii. 31; Fletcher, The Chances, i. 4 -(Frederic); Maid in the Mill, ii. 2 (Antonio). - -=booty:= in phr. _to play booty_, to play so as to lose, in order to -draw the opponent on, and get some ‘booty’ in the end’, Dryden, Pref. to -Don Sebastian, § 7; Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 2 (Frankford). Also, -_to bowl booty_, to play at bowls so as to lose at first, Webster, White -Devil (Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. See Nares. - -=borachio,= a large leather bottle or bag used in Spain (_borracha_). B. -Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer); Greene, Looking Glasse (Works, ed. -1861, 133); _fig._ a drunkard, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1. 7. Span. -_borracho_, a drunkard. - -=bord,= rim, circumference. ‘He plants a brazen piece of mighty bord’, -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 (Host). The reference is -to a barber’s basin. F. _bord_, edge, border. - -=bordello,= a brothel. B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 1 (Knowell). Ital. -‘_bordello_, a bawdy-house’ (Florio). - -=bordon,= a staff. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 132, back, 24. ME. -_bordun_, a pilgrim’s staff (P. Plowman, A. vi. 8). F. _bourdon_ -(Cotgr.). O. Prov. _bordon_, bâton de pèlerin. - -=bordraging;= see =bodrag.= - -=bore,= to trick, cheat, overreach. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 128; Life T. -Cromwell, ii. 2. 103 (NED.). - -=boree, bouree,= a rustic dance, orig. of Auvergne. Etheridge, Man of -Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). F. -_bourrée_ (Hatzfeld). - -=borrel,= unlearned, rude, rough, rustic. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 95; -Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 28. ME. _borel_, in Chaucer: coarse -woollen clothes, C. T. D. 356; _borel men_, laymen, C. T. B. 3145. - -=borrow, borow,= a pledge, surety. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 131, 150; -‘Dear Pan bought with dear borrow’, id. Sept., 96. ME. _borwe_, a surety -(Chaucer, C. T. B. 2998). OE. _borh_ (_borge_) a pledge, surety. - -=borrow,= to give security for, to assure, warrant. Greene, Isabel’s -Ode, 33; ed. Dyce, p. 296. - -=bosky,= full of thickets. Peele, Chron. Edw. I (ed. 1874, p. 407); -Tempest, iv. 1. 81; Milton, Comus, 312. A Cheshire and Yorkshire word, -from _bosk_, an underwood thicket (EDD.). ME. _boske_, a bush. - -=boss,= a fat woman, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Zenocrate); ‘A fat -boss, _femme bien grasse et grosse, une Coche_’, Sherwood. A Lancashire -word for a fat lazy woman, see EDD. (s.v. Boss, sb.^{1} 6). - -=bosse,= supposed to mean a water-conduit; esp. used of _the Bosse of -Billingsgate_, W. de Worde, Treatyse of a Galaunt (see Title of the -Play); B. Jonson, Time Vindicated (Eyes); ‘_Bosse Alley_, so called of a -Bosse of Spring-water continually running, which standeth by -Billingsgate against this alley’, Stow, Survey (ed. 1842, p. 79). See -NED. (s.v. Boss, sb.^{2}). - -=botcher,= a mender of old clothes; or (disrespectfully) a tailor. All’s -Well, iv. 3. 211; Cor. ii. 1. 93; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 1 -(Fortune). - -=bottom of packthread,= a ball of string. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv, 4 -(Brainworm); Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 138. Properly the clew or nucleus on -which the ball was wound. [‘I wish I could wind up my bottom -handsomely’, Sir W. Scott, Diary, March 17, 1826.] See EDD. (s.v. -Bottom, 8). ME. _botme_ of threde (Prompt.). - -=bouche:= in phr. _bouche in court_, an allowance of victual granted by -a king or noble to his household; ‘A good allowance of dyet, a bouche in -court, as we use to call it’, Puttenham, English Poesie, bk. i, c. 27 -(ed. Arber, 70). F. _avoir bouche à Court_, ‘to eat and drinke scotfree, -to have budge-a-Court, to be in ordinarie at Court’ (Cotgr.). See -=bouge.= - -=bouffage,= a satisfying meal. ‘No bouffage, but a light bit’, Sir T. -Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 9. F. _bouffage_, ‘any meat that (eaten -greedily) fills the mouth and makes the cheeks to swell; cheek-puffing -meat’ (Cotgr.). F. _bouffer_, to swell. - -=bouge,= to flinch. Julius Caesar, iv. 3. 44; _boudge_, Beaumont and -Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius). See Dict. (s.v. Budge (1)). - -=bouge,= to ‘bilge’, to stave in a ship’s side; intr., to suffer -fracture, as a ship. ‘My barke was _boug’d_’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, -st. 44. ‘Least thereupon Our shippe should _bowge_’, Gascoigne, Voyage -into Holland, ed. Hazlitt, i. 390. See NED. See Dict. (s.v. Bilge). - -=bouge,= provisions; ‘A bombard man, that brought bouge for a country -lady’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin). - - =bouge of court,= court-rations; ‘The Bowge of Courte’ (the - title of a poem written by Skelton); ‘Every of them to have lyke - bouge of courte’, State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 623 (NED.). See - =bouche.= - -=bouget,= a budget, wallet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 29; a water-vessel -of skin, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt, iv. 72. F. _bougette_ (Cotgr.); -dimin. of OF. _bouge_, a water-skin; cp. ME. _bowge_, ‘I am maad as a -bowge in frost’ (Wyclif, Ps. cxix. 83). See Dict. (s.v. Budget). - -=bough-pot,= a flower-pot, a vase for boughs or cut flowers. Chapman, -Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Rhoderique). A Lincolnsh. and Northamptonsh. word -(EDD.). - -=bought,= a twist, a knot. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 2. 13; used of the -coil of a serpent, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 255. ‘Bought’ is in prov. use -in the north country for a curve or bend; the curve of the elbow or -knee. See EDD. (s.v. Bought, sb.^{1} 1). - -=bounty,= goodness in general, worth, virtue; ‘He is only the true and -essential Bounty’, Drummond of Hawthornden, Cypress Grove (Wks. ed. -1711, p. 127); _bountie_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 4; ‘A lovely lasse, -Whose beauty doth her bounty far surpasse’, F. Q. iii. 9. 4; ‘Large was -his bounty and his soul sincere’, Gray, Elegy, 121 (The Epitaph). ME. -bountee, goodness (Chaucer. An A.B.C., 9). F. _bonté_ ‘goodness, -honesty, sincerity, vertue, uprightness’ (Cotgr.); L. _bonitas_, -goodness (Vulgate). - -=bourd, bord,= a jest. Drayton, Eclogue, vii. 208; _bord_, Spenser, F. -Q. iii. 3. 19; iv. 4. 13. F. _bourde_, ‘a jeast, fib, tale of a tub’ -(Cotgr.). - -=bourd,= to jest. Ford, ’Tis pity, ii. 4 (Peggio). - -=bourd,= to accost. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid iv, l. 899. See =board.= - -=bourdel,= a brothel. Farquhar, Constant Couple, ii. 2. 4. See -=bordello.= - -=bout, bowt,= a coil; a circuit, orbit. Sir T. Wyatt, Song of Iopas, 45; -in Tottel’s Misc., p. 94. See =bought.= - -=boute-feu,= a fire-brand, incendiary. Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, p. -66, l. 13; Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 786. F. _boute-feu_, ‘a boute-feu, a -wilful or voluntary firer of houses; also, a fire-brand of sedition, a -kindler of strife and contention’ (Cotgr.). - -=bout-hammer,= a heavy two-handed hammer. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful -Friends, v. 4 (Pergamus). For _about-hammer_, the largest hammer -employed by blacksmiths; it is slung round (or _about_) near the -extremity of the handle. An East Anglian word (EDD.). - -=bouzing-ken,= drinking-house, ale-house. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See -Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -=bovoli,= snails, cockles; considered as delicacies. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). Ital. _bovolo_ (pl. _bovoli_), ‘a -snayle, a cockle, periwinkle’ (Florio). - -=bowd,= a weevil, malt-worm. Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 39; ‘A boude, -_vermis frumentarius_’, Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. _bowde_, malte-worme -(Prompt.). An East Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Boud). - -=bow-dye,= a scarlet dye; name from _Bow_, near Stratford, Essex, where -the dyers mostly lived, in the 17th cent. Hence, as attrib., ‘My bowdy -stockings’, Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Prue). - -=bowerly,= comely, portly, ‘burly’. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § -8. In common use in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). See Notes on -Eng. Etym. (s.v. Burly). - -=bow-hand,= the hand that holds the bow, the left hand. In phr. _wide o’ -th’ bow-hand_, wide of the mark (towards the left); L. L. L. iv. 1. 135; -_much o’ th’ bow-hand_, Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iv. 2 (end); Coxcomb, -i. 3. 2. - -=bowlne,= swollen. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 348. See =bollen.= - -=bowne,= a bound, limit. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v. ch. 23. st. -45. In the same, st. 1 ‘the former bowne’ seems to mean ‘the preceding -chapter’. Norm. Fr. _bowne_ (_bodne_), ‘limite’ (Moisy). Cp. Med. Lat. -_bonna_, _bodina_ (Ducange). - -=bowne,= a boon, a favour in answer to a request. Mirror for Mag., -Cobham, st. 45; Adam Bel, 509, in Hazlitt’s Pop. Poetry, ii. 160. Icel. -_bōn_, a prayer. - -=bowrs, bowers,= muscles that bend the joints, strong muscles. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 8. 12. Lit. _bow-er_, i.e. that which bows or bends; see NED. - -=box-keeper,= the keeper of the dice and box at a gaming-table; -‘Gettall, _a box-keeper_’, Massinger, City Madam (Dramatis Personae). - -=boyn,= to swell. ‘Her heeles behind _boynd_ out’, Golding, Metam. viii. -808; fol. 105 (1603). Cp. _boine_, _bunny_, Essex words for a swelling -caused by a blow (EDD.). OF. _buyne_ (now _bigne_); see Hatzfeld. - -=brabble,= to wrangle, quarrel, Coles, Dict. (1679); _brabble_, a -quarrel, brawl, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 69; Titus And. ii. 1. 62; hence, -_brabbler_, a quarreller, King John, v. 2. 162; _brabbling_, Middleton, -A Fair Quarrel, i. 1 (Colonel); ‘Noe more brabbling with him’ (your old -Glasier), Dorothy Wadham, Letter (1614), in T. G. Jackson’s Wadham -College (1893, p. 161). Du. ‘_brabbelen_, to brawle or to brabble’ -(Hexham). - -=brace,= to gird, encompass. ‘Bigge Bulles of Basan brace hem about’, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 124. OF. _bracier_, to embrace, deriv. of -_brace_, the two arms (Ch. Rol., 1343). - -=bracer, braser,= a protection for the arm in archery. Ascham, -Toxophilus, pp. 108, 109. - -=brach,= a bitch-hound. Properly a kind of hunting-dog; but it came to -be used with reference to a bitch in general. Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (Belgarde); -King Lear, i. 4. 125. OF. _brac_, hunting-dog (Didot). OHG. _bracco_ -(Schade). - -=brachet,= a small hunting-dog. Morte Arthur, leaf 52, back, 22; bk. -iii, c. 5. F. ‘_brachet_, a kind of little hound’ (Cotgr.). - -=brachygraphy,= shorthand, stenography. B. Jonson, Paris Anniversary -(Fencer); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Sanitonella). Gk. -βραχυγραφία. - -=brack,= salt water. Only in Drayton, Pol. xxv. 50; Agincourt, 185 -(NED.). Du. _brak_, briny, brackish. - -=brack,= a breach, fracture, Oxford City Records, 387; ‘_Breche_, a -brack or breach in a wall’, Cotgrave; a flaw, fault, ‘A brack, -_vitium_’, Coles, Dict. (1679); Digby, On the Soul, Dedic. (Johnson); a -flaw in cloth, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 33); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xvii. 249; a rupture, a quarrel, Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, v. 1 -(Byron). - -=brag,= brisk, lively. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 11; ‘the bragge -lambs’, G. Fletcher, Christ’s Victory, i (NED.). - -=braid,= a sudden or brisk movement. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 -(Marcella). ME. _brayd_: ‘She (Dido) walketh, walweth, maketh many a -brayd’ (Chaucer, Leg. G. W., 1166); OE. _bregdan_, to move suddenly to -and fro. - -=braid,= a sudden outburst of passion, anger. Warner, Alb. England, bk. -vii, ch. 37, st. 105; a sudden assault, Golding, Metam., xiii. 240; an -adroit turn, trick, deception, Greene, Radagon in Dianam, 62 (ed. Dyce, -302); (?) deceitful, All’s Well, iv. 2. 73. - -=braided;= _braided ware_, goods that have changed colour, tarnished, -faded. Marston, Scourge Villainie, Sat. v. 73 (cp. Bailey’s Dict., 1721; -see NED.). - -=brail,= in hawking, to confine a hawk’s wings by means of a _brail_, or -soft leather girdle; ‘They _brail_ and hud us’ [confine and hood us], -Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 9 (Flavia). OF. _brail_, _braiel_, a girdle. Med. -L. _bracale_, deriv. of _bracae_, breeches (Ducange). - -=brake,= a powerful bit for horses. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2 -(Cent.). - -=brake,= to set one’s face in a brake, to assume an immovable expression -of countenance. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Bussy). - -=brame,= longing, desire. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 52. Ital. _brama_, -earnest desire; from _bramare_, to desire. Cp. O. Prov. ‘_bramar_, -braire, désirer ardemment’ (Levy), F. _bramer_ (Hatzfeld). - -=branched,= adorned with a figured pattern in embroidery, &c.; ‘Branched -velvet’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 2 (Frank). - -=branded,= brindled; of mixed colour, streaked. Chapman, tr. of Homer, -Iliad, xii. 217. A common prov. word (EDD.). - -=brandenburg,= a morning gown, with long sleeves. Etheredge, Man of -Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii. 1 (Olivia). From -Brandenburg, in Germany, where there were woollen manufactories. - -=brandle,= to shake, endanger, cause to waver. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. -Lumby, p. 155. F. _branler_. See =brangle.= - -=brandlet,= a bird; prob. the brand-tail or redstart. Gascoigne, Prol. -to Philomene, 31. See EDD. (s.v. Brand-tail). - -=brand-wine,= brandy. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (Clause). Du. -_brande-wijn_, brandy, lit. burnt (i.e. distilled) wine. - -=brangle,= to shake, cause to waver; hence, to render uncertain, to -confuse. Merry Devil, ii. 2. 6. F. _branler_. Cp. =brandle.= - -=brank,= buck-wheat; ‘Brank, Buck, or French-wheat, a summer grain -delighting in warm land’, Worlidge; Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 20. An E. -Anglian word (EDD.). - -=bransle,= a kind of dance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 8. F. ‘_bransle_, a -brawl or dance wherein many (men and women) holding by the hands, -sometimes in a ring, and other-whiles at length, move all together’ -(Cotgr.). Cp. =brawl.= - -=brant,= steep. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘Even brant agenst Flodon -hil’, (perhaps) even on the steep side of Flodden hill; id. p. 88. In -common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). OE. (Anglian) _brant_. - -=brasell;= see =brazil.= - -=brast,= to burst. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 2, § 2; Douglas, -Eneados, iv. 81; pt. t., Sir T. More, Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 74); -Bunyan, Pilg. Pr. (ed. 1678, p. 73). In common prov. use in the north -(EDD.). ME. _breste_(_n_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1008). OE. _berstan_. - -=brathel,= a malignant scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 60. See -=brothel.= - -=brave,= finely arrayed; showy, splendid; fine, excellent. Tam. Shrew, -Ind., i. 40; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); ‘Brave, -_splendidus_’, Levins, Manip.; As You Like It, iii. 4. 43. In gen. prov. -use (EDD.). - -=brawl,= a French dance. L. L. L. iii. 9; the figure is fully described -in Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Guerrino). See =bransle.= - -=brawn-fall’n,= having arms from which the muscle has fallen away. Kyd, -Cornelia, iii. 1. 77; Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 127. - -=braye,= a brae, a steep bank; ‘Agaynste a rocke or an hye braye’, -Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 159. ‘Bray’ is still in use in Yorksh. and -Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Brae). Icel. _brā_, eyebrow, see NED. - -=braye,= a military outwork, a mound or bank defended by palisades and -watch-towers. Act 4 Hen. VIII. 1. § 1 (NED.). _False braye_, an advanced -parapet surrounding the main rampart, Urquhart, Rabelais, iii. Prol. F. -_faulses brayes_, ‘issues qui doivent être bouchées, dans une place -forte, quand l’ennemi approche’, Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais, iii. Prol. -Norm. F. _faulses brayes_, ‘espèce de muraille, établie en dehors d’une -forteresse et servant de retranchement’ (Moisy). Med. L. _braca_, -‘moles, agger’ (Ducange). - -=brazil, brasell,= a hard wood which yields a red dye. Davenant, The -Wits, i. 1. 9; Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 133). In popular use in the -Yorksh. phrase, ‘As hard as brazzil’, see EDD. (s.v. Brazil, sb.^{1}). -Port. and Span. _brasil_. The country in S. America is named from this -wood (NED.). - -=break:= phr. _to break one’s day_, to fail to make a payment on the day -appointed. Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Prud.). - -=break up,= to break open; to open a letter. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 13; Merch. -Ven. ii. 4. 10. Also, to carve, L. L. L. iv. 1. 56. - -=breast,= the source of the voice, the voice in singing. Twelfth Nt. ii. -3. 20; Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 6 (Fool); G. Herbert, The Temper, p. 47. - -=breathe:= phr. _to breathe a vein_, to open a vein by lancing it. -Dryden, Oliver Cromwell, st. 12; Georgics, iii. 700; Palamon, iii. 755. - -=breathely,= worthless. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 36. Cp. ME. -_brethel_(_l_, a worthless fellow (York Plays, xxvi. 179). See NED. - -=breck,= a breach, gap. Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 16 (p. 40). A -north-country word (EDD.). ME. _brekke_ (Chaucer, Bk. Duch., 940). - -=breme,= fierce, stormy; ‘Breme winter’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 42; -‘_Froid_, cold, breame, chill’, Cotgrave; Drayton, Heroic. Epist., xvi. -8. ME. _breme_ (Lydgate, Chron. Troy, ii. 16). Still in use in the north -country (EDD.). Cp. OE. _brēman_, to rage: _broeman_ ‘fervere’, in -Preface Lind. Matthew (ed. Skeat, p. 5, l. 5). - -=breme.= Of reports, loudly prevalent; ‘In their talke most breeme Was -then Achilles victorie’, Golding, Met. xii. 280. OE. _brēme_, famous, -celebrated. - -=brended,= brindled. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Puppy). See -=brinded.= - -=brenne,= to burn. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 45; pt. t. _brent_, id. i. 9. -10; pp. _brent_, id. ii. 6. 49. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _brennen_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2331). Icel. _brenna_. - -=brere,= a briar. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 2; Sackville, Induction, st. -39. A very common prov. pronunc. (EDD.). OE. (Mercian) _brēr_, WS. -_brǣr_. - -=bret,= the name of a fish like the turbot; ‘The bret, of all [fishes] -the slowest’, Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 (Hephestion). Also called a _birt_ -or _burt_. See EDD. - -=bretch,= a breach; ‘With careless _bretch_’, Phaer. and Twyne, tr. of -Aeneid, x. 467. F. _brèche_. - -=brevit,= to hunt about, search, pry, beat about, forage; ‘Breviting by -night’, Drayton, The Owl, 179. Prob. from _brevet_, in the sense of -taking by ‘brevet’ or written warrant (NED.). In gen. use in the midland -counties (EDD.). - -=briars:= phr. _in the briars_, in troubles, among thorns; ‘I ought not -so to leave Eccho _in_ the bryers’, Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, v. -1. - -=bribe,= a thing stolen, Barclay, Shyp of Folys, ii. 85. OF. _bribe_, a -piece of bread, F. ‘_bribe_, a peece of bread given unto a beggar’ -(Cotgr.). - -=bribe,= to take dishonestly, to purloin, to steal or rob; ‘They do -deceive the needy, bribe and pill from them’, Cranmer, Instr. of Prayer; -‘I bribe, I pyll’, Palsgrave. ME. _brybyn_ (_briben_) ‘latrocinor’ -(Prompt.). - -=bribery,= robbery with violence, extortion, Geneva Bible (Matt. xxiii. -25). - -=bribour,= a thief or robber, Berners, tr. of Froissart, ii. 10. 21. ME. -_brybowre_ (Prompt.). - -=brickle,= fragile, easily broken; ‘Brickle vessels’, BIBLE (AV.), -Wisdom, xv. 13; ‘brickle, _fragilis_’, Levins, Manip.; Spenser, Ruins of -Time, 499; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. 8. OE. _brycel_, see NED. -(s.vv. Britchel, Brickle). See =brokle, bruckle.= - -=bride-house,= the house where a wedding is held. ‘A public hall for -celebrating marriages’, Nares. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 22. - -=bride-lace,= a piece of gold, silk, or other lace, used to bind up the -sprigs of rosemary formerly used at weddings. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3 -(Hazard). - -=bridling-cast,= a glass taken when the horse is bridled; a -stirrup-glass, stirrup-cup. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. -Loveless). - -=brigand-harness,= a brigandine, a piece of armour worn by a ‘brigand’ -or foot-soldier. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 251. See -=brigandine.= - -=brigandine,= a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing. -Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.); also _brigantine_, Baret, -Alvearie. F. _brigandin_ (_brigantin_). - -=brigandine,= a coat-of-mail, corslet. Milton, Samson, 1120. - -=briggen-yrons,= brigand-irons, armour for the arms. Thersites, ed. -Pollard, l. 169. See =brigand-harness.= - -=brim,= fierce, esp. an epithet of the boar; ‘Never bore so brymme’, -Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 6. 5; ME. _brym_ (_brim_) fierce (Prompt.). -See =breme= (1). - -=brim,= (of reports, rumours) loudly current, much spoken of. -Throgmorton (NED., s.v. Breme 4); _brimme_, Warner, Albion’s England, -bk. iv. ch. 20, st. 35. See =breme= (2). - -=brimse,= a gadfly. Gosson, School of Abuse (Arber, 64); _brimsees_, -pl., Topsell, Serpents, 769. A Kentish word, ‘You have a brims in your -tail’, see EDD. (s.v. Brims). G. _bremse_; Icel. _brims_ (Fritzner). -Norw. dialect _brims_ (Aasen); Swed. _brems_. - -=brinch,= to pledge in drinking. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Halfpenie); -also written _brince_, to offer drink: ‘Luther first brinced to Germany -the poisoned cup’, Harding, in Jewel’s Works, IV, 335 (NED.). Cp. the -German expression, _Ich bring’s_ (_euch_), i.e. I drink to you, lit. I -bring it (to you). Cp. Ital. _brindisi_ (Florio). - -=brinded,= brindled, streaked; ‘The brinded cat’, Macbeth, iv. 1. 1. In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=bring:= phr. _to be with one to bring_: a phrase of various -application, but usually implying getting the upper hand in some way. -Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 304; Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady and -Welford); Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 503); Heywood, Wise Woman of -Hogsdon, i. 2 (Y. Chartley); Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12. 22. - -=brist:= phr. _full brist_, full burst, with sudden violence. Golding, -Metam. xi. 510; fol. 138 (1603). A northern form of OE. _berstan_, to -burst (EDD.). - -=brize,= a breeze, a gadfly. Spenser, Visions of the World’s Vanity, ii. -10; spelt _bryze_, F. Q. vi. 1. 24. The gadfly is called _briz_ in -Cheshire, Shropsh., and Gloucestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Breeze, sb.^{1}). -OE. _briosa_ (_breosa_). - -=brocage,= procuracy in immorality. Spenser, Introd. to Shep. Kal. -(beginning); Mother Hubbard’s Tale, 851. Also, bribery, mean practice, -Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 7. ME. _brocage_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -3375). Anglo-F. _brocage_, the action of an intermediary. - -=broche,= the ‘first head’ of a hart. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21; p. 52. -OF. _broche_. Med. L. _broca_, ‘cornu’ (Ducange). - -=broche, broach,= a spit. Morte Arthur, leaf 84. 34; bk. v, c. 5; ‘hazel -broach’, spit made of hazel-wood, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. ii. 545; -to pierce with a spit, to pierce, Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid i. -92. F. _broche_, a spit; _brocher_, to broach, to spit (Cotgr.). - -=brock,= a badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); ‘Brocke or -badger’, Huloet; applied as a term of contempt to a dirty stinking -fellow, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 114. ME. _broke_, ‘taxus’ (Prompt.). OE. -_broc_, cp. O. Irish _brocc_. In prov. use in various parts of England -and Scotland for the animal, and in Scotland in its transferred sense -(EDD.). - -=broken beer,= remnants or leavings of beer in pots and glasses. Founded -on the phrases _broken meat_, _bread_, or _victuals_, meaning fragments -of meat, &c. Cartwright, The Ordinary, i. 4 (Slicer). So also _broken -bread_, The London Chanticleers, sc. 1 (Heath). - -=broken music,= concerted music, music arranged for parts. As You Like -It, i. 2. 150; Hen. V, v. 2. 263; Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 52. - -=brokle,= brittle, frail. Sir T. Elyot, bk. iii, c. 19, § 1. See -=bruckle.= - -=bronstrops,= a prostitute. ‘A bronstrops is in English a hippocrene’, -Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Col.’s Friend); id. iv. 4 (Chough); -Webster, Cure for Cuckold, iv. 1. - -=brothel,= an abandoned wretch; ‘Go hence, thou brothel’, Calisto and -Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 82; ‘bitched brothel’, World and -Child, in the same, i. 254. ME. _brothell_, a worthless fellow (Gower, -C. A. vii. 2595). - -=brouse, brouze,= young shoots of trees, eaten by cattle. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 132. 3; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 45. - -=brown bill,= a weapon, a kind of halbert. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; King -Lear, iv. 6. 92. - -=bruckel’d,= begrimed, dirty. Herrick, The Temple, 58. In use in the -north country and in East Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Bruckle, vb.^{2}). - -=bruckle,= brittle, fragile. Puttenham, E. Poesie, p. 219. In prov. use -in various parts of England, and in Scotland and Ireland (EDD.). OE. -_brucol_. See =brokle, brickle.= - -=bruit,= a rumour, report. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 64; Timon, v. 1. 198; to -noise abroad, 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 114; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 68. F. _bruit_, -noise, rumour. - -†=brusle= (meaning doubtful), to crack (?). Fletcher, A Wife for a Month -ii. 6 (Camillo). Perhaps the same word as =brustle.= - -=brustle,= to parch, scorch, to crackle in cooking or burning, as in -Gower, C. A. iv. 2732. ‘He . . . brustleth as a monkes froise -(pancake)’. Hence, to make a noise like the waves of the sea, spelt -_brussel_, Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (Lopez). In prov. use in the -north, also in Kent and Sussex, in the sense of scorching, crackling; -see EDD. (s.v. Brustle, vb.^{2}). - -=brustle, brusle,= to raise the feathers, like a bird. Herrick, Hesp. -(ed. 1859, p. 122). - -=brutel,= brittle. Spelt _brutyll_, Morte Arthur, leaf 65, end; bk. iv, -c. 8 (end). ME. _brutel_, _brotel_ (Chaucer). - -=bub,= to bubble. Sackville, Induction, st. 69. - -=bubber,= a drinker of wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza). - -=bubble,= to delude with _bubbles_, or unsubstantial schemes; to cheat. -Etheredge, Love in a Tub, ii. 3 (Wheedle). - -=bubble,= one who can be easily ‘bubbled’; a dupe. Shadwell, Squire of -Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond Senior). - -=buck,= to steep or boil (clothes) in lye; ‘Bucke these shyrtes’, -Palsgrave; Puritan Widow, i. 1. 150; the quantity of clothes washed at -once, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 2. 52; _buck-basket_, basket for dirty linen, Merry -Wives, iii. 3. 2. Phr. _to beat a buck_, to beat clothes when being -washed, Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 2 (Spungius); _to drive a buck_, -to wash clothes, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii (end). See EDD. (s.v. -Buck, sb.^{2}). ME. _bouken_, to steep in lye (P. Plowman). OE. type -*_būcian_, cp. G. _bäuchen_, to steep in lye; also Ital. _bucata_, F. -_buée_, lye, a wash of clothes. - -=buckall,= the point of a horn; ‘You all know the device of the horn, -where the young fellow slips in at the butt-end, and comes squeezed out -at the _buckall_’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Touchstone). Here _buckall_ = -_buckle_, meaning the twisted or curled end of the horn, i.e. the -smaller end. Cp. prov. E. _buckle-horn_, a crooked or bent horn; -_buckle-mouthed_, having a twisted mouth (EDD.). - -=bucke,= the body of a chariot; ‘The axletree was massie gold, the -_bucke_ was massie golde’, Golding, Metam., ii. 107; fol. 16 (1603). In -E. Anglia ‘buck’ is still in use for the body of a cart or wagon; esp. -the front part, see EDD. (s.v. Buck, sb.^{6} 3); also pronounced _bouk_ -(Bouk, sb.^{1} 5). See NED. (s.v. Bulk, sb.^{1} 3. c). - -=buckle,= to prepare oneself, esp. by buckling on armour; ‘To teach -dangers to come on by over-early buckling towards them’, Bacon, Essay -21. _Buckle with_, to cope with, join in close fight with, 1 Hen. VI, i. -2. 95; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 19. Also _buckle_, to -bow, give way, 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 141; _buckled_, doubled up, Witch of -Edmonton, ii. 1. 4. - -=bud,= said of children; or used as a term of endearment. King John, -iii. 4. 82; ‘O my dear, dear bud’, Wycherley, Country Wife, ii. 1 (Mrs. -Pinchwife). A transferred sense of _bud_ (of a flower). - -†=bud;= ‘’Tis strange these varlets . . . should thus boldly Bud in your -sight, unto your son’, Fletcher, Monsieur Thomas, iv. 2 (Thomas). -Meaning unknown. - -=budge,= lamb’s fur. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 65. -_Budge-bachelor_, a bachelor or younger member of a company, who wore a -gown trimmed with _budge_ on Lord Mayor’s day (NED.). Hence, _budge -doctor_, a consequential person, Milton, Comus, 707. - -=buff ne baff,= never a word; ‘Saied to hym . . . neither buff ne baff’ -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 25. Caxton, Reynard (Arber, 106). -_Buff nor baff_ is a phr. in use in Leicestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Buff, -sb.^{5} 6). - -=buffe,= to bark gently; ‘_Buffe_ and barke’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Diogenes, § 140. A Yorksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Buff, vb.^{3} 1). - -=buffin,= a coarse cloth in use for gowns of the middle classes. -Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4 (Milliscent); Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). -See NED. - -=buffon= (búff-on), a buffoon. B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 3. 8. F. -_bouffon_. - -=bufo,= a term in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Subtle). ‘The -black tincture of the alchemists’ (Gifford). Only occurs in this -passage. L. _bufo_, lit. a toad. - -=bug,= an object of terror, bogey, hobgoblin. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 214; -Hamlet, v. 2. 22; Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor); ‘Thou shalt not -nede to be afrayed for eny bugges by night’, Coverdale, Ps. xc (xci), 5. -ME. _bugge_, ‘ducius’ (Prompt.). - -=bug words,= pompous, conceited words, Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 -(Marrall); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2 (Huntley). See EDD. (s.v. Bug, -adj. 1). - -=bulch,= to stave in the bottom of a ship. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, -Aeneid i. 132. Cp. _bulge_, the ‘bilge’, bottom of a ship’s hull (NED. -s.v. Bulge, sb. 4). - -=bulch,= a bull-calf; used as a term of endearment by a witch. Ford, -Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Sawyer). Still in prov. use in Scotland: ‘Sic a -bonnie bulch o’ a bairn’, a Banffshire expression (EDD.). - -=bulchin,= a bull-calf. Tusser, Husbandry, 33; Drayton, Pol. xxi. 65; -used as a term of endearment, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.); a -term of contempt, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). A -Shropsh. word for a calf; _fig._ a stout child (EDD.). See =bulkin.= - -=bulcking,= a term of endearment. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, i. 671. See -NED. (s.v. Bulkin). - -=bulk,= the belly, Lucrece, 467; the trunk, the body; spelt _boulke_. -Elyot, Castle Health (NED.); Richard III, i. 4. 40. - -=bulk,= a framework projecting from the front of a shop. Coriolanus, ii. -1. 226; Othello, v. 1. 1. - -=bulker,= a petty thief; also, a street-walker, prostitute. (Cant.) -Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (2 Bully). One who sleeps on a ‘bulk’, -one who steals from a ‘bulk’; see =bulk= (above). - -=bulkin,= a bull-calf; ‘A young white bulkin’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, -bk. xxviii, c. 12. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). See =bulchin.= - -=bull,= a jest; ‘To print his _jests_. _Hazard._ His _bulls_, you mean’, -Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3. - -=bull-beggar,= an object of terror, a hobgoblin. Middleton, A Trick to -Catch, i. 4 (near the end); A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (Host); -Bull-begger, ‘_larva_, _Terriculamentum_,’ Skinner (1671). Perhaps a -corruption of _bull-boggart_. See NED. - -=bulled,= swollen. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (George). Still in use -in Northamptonsh. and Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. _bolled_, swollen (NED.). - -=bullions.= The full form is _bullion-hose_ (NED.), a term applied to -trunk-hose, puffed out at the upper part, in several folds. ‘His bastard -bullions’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen) [_bastard_ is the -name of a kind of cloth]; _a pair of bullions_, The Chances, v. 2 -(John); _in the bullion_, i.e. wearing bullions, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, -ii. 2 (Pontalier). - -=bully-rook,= a familiar term of endearment, fine fellow. Merry Wives, -i. 3. 2; ii. 1. 200; Shirley, Gent. of Venice, iii. 1 (Thomazo). See -EDD. (s.v. Bully, sb.^{1}). - -=bum,= to strike, beat, thump. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 2 -(Spungius); Greene, James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). See EDD. (s.v. Bum, -vb.^{3} 1). - -=bum out,= to project; ‘What have you bumming out there?’ Rowley, A -Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim). - -=bum vay,= a familiar contraction of _by my fay_, by my faith. -Contention between Liberality and Prodigality, iv. 3, near the end; in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 364; _by my vay_, Wily Beguiled, Hazlitt, ix. -328. See EDD. (s.v. Fay, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _by my fey_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -1126). - -=bumb-blade.= (Cant.) Given in NED. as _bum-blade_, a large sword, -Massinger, City Madam, i. 2 (Page). - -=bump,= to make a noise like a bittern, to boom. Dryden, Wife of Bath, -194. _Bumping_, the boom of the bittern, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, -bk. iii. c. 27 (4). See EDD. (s.v. Bump, vb.^{2}). - -=bunch,= a company of teal; a technical word in falconry. Drayton, xxv. -63. In E. Anglia they speak of a ‘bunch’ of wild-fowl, see EDD. (s.v. -Bunch, sb.^{1} ii. 2). - -=bung,= a purse. (Cant.) Dekker, Roaring Girl (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. -217); a pick-pocket, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 138. - -=bunting,= fat, plump. In Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 1. 10. NED. -explains it as ‘plump’; but suggests that it may perhaps mean ‘butting’, -from the verb _bunt_, to butt. I was at first inclined to take the same -view; but the context decides altogether in favour of the adjective. In -l. 7, Faunus brings with him ‘The _fattest_, fairest fawn in all the -chace: I wonder how the knave could skip so fast.’; i.e. because he was -so fat. And Pan replies that he has brought with him an equally fat -lamb, viz. ‘A _bunting_ lamb; nay, pray you, feel no bones [i.e. you -can’t feel his bones]. Believe me now, my cunning much I miss If ever -Pan felt _fatter_ lamb than this’. See EDD. (s.v. Bunting, adj.^{1}). - -=burble,= to bubble. Spelt _burbyl_, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 8; -bk. xviii. c. 21; pres. pt. _burbelynge_, id. lf. 208. 17; bk. x. c. 2; -‘I boyle up or burbyll up as a water dothe in a spring’, _Je -bouillonne_, Palsgrave. See EDD. - -=burbolt,= a bird-bolt, a kind of blunt-headed arrow used for shooting -birds. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2 (Custance); Marston, What you -Will, Induction (Philomuse). - -=burden,= a staff, club. In Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 46. See =bordon.= - -=burdseat,= a board-seat, i.e. a stool. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, -Aeneid, iii. 408. - -=burgh;= See =burre= (2). - -=burgullian,= a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob). - -=burle,= to pick out from cloth knots, loose threads, &c.; ‘_Desquamare -vestes_, to burle clothe’, Cooper, Dict. (1565). Hence _Burling-iron_, a -pair of tweezers used in ‘burling’, Herrick, To the Painter, 10. In -prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Burl, vb. 1). ME. _burle clothe_, ‘extuberare’ -(Cath. Angl.). - -=Burmoothes,= the Bermudas. Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased, i. 2 (end). -See =Bermoothes.= - -=burnish,= to grow stout or plump, to fill out; said of the human frame. -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 37; vol. i, p. 345 b (1634); -Congreve, Way of the World, iii. 3 (Mrs. Marwood); ‘_Femme qui -encharge_, that grows big on’t, who burnishes, or whose belly -increases’, Cotgrave; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 390. In prov. use, -see EDD. - -=burnt,= branded as a criminal. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. v. 2 (Cat. -Bountinall). - -=burnt sack,= a particular kind of wine heated at the fire, Merry Wives, -ii. 1. 222; _burnt wine_, Heywood, Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Scapha); _burnt -claret_, The Tatler, no. 36, § 5 (1709). - -=burre,= the lowest of the tines on a stag’s horn. Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 21, p. 53. Still in use in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.^{1} 7), -where the word is defined, ‘the ball or knob of a stag’s horn at its -juncture with the skull’. See =antlier.= - -=burre,= an iron ring on a tilting spear, just behind the place for the -hand. ‘Burre or yron of a launce, &c.’, Florio, tr. of Montaigne, ii. -37; in form _burgh_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Moll). ME. -_burwhe_, sercle, ‘orbiculus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 268). See -EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.^{6}), and NED. (s.v. Burr, sb.^{1}). - -=burrough, borrow,= a pledge, a surety. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 -(Pan); v. 2 (Turfe). ME. _borwe_, a pledge (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1622). OE. -_borh_ (dat. _borge_). - -=Burse,= an Exchange; esp. the Royal Exchange built by Sir Thomas -Gresham in 1566; it contained shops. Massinger, City Madam, iii. 1. 13; -Middleton, The Roaring Girl, iv. 1 (Moll’s Song). F. _bourse_. - -=bursmen,= (perhaps) shopmen; ‘Welcome, still my merchants of _bona -speranza_ [i.e. gamblers]; . . what ware deal you in? . . Say, my brave -bursmen’, A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (beginning). I think the reference -is to keepers of shops in the Burse; see above. - -=bursten,= ruptured. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 3 (Savil). In -common prov. use (with various pronunciations), see EDD. (s.v. Burst, -vb. 2). - -=bushment,= an ambush. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. ME. _buschment_ -(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 269). - -=busine,= a trumpet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 199. 20; _busyne_, id., -lf. 187, back, 26. Anglo-F. _buisine_ (Ch. Rol., 3523), L. _buccina_. - -=buske,= a bush. Ralph, Roister Doister, i. 4 (M. Merygreek). ME. -_buske_, or busshe, ‘rubus’ (Prompt.). - -=buskets,= a spray, as of hawthorn. _May buskets_, sprays of ‘May’ or -hawthorn, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 10. See Dict. (s.v. Bouquet). - -=buskined,= wearing the buskins of tragedy; hence tragic, dignified. -‘The buskin’d scene’, Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1. 6; ‘buskin’d -strain’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 333. - -=busking,= an attiring; esp. the dressing of the head. Ascham, -Scholemaster, bk. i. (ed. Arber, p. 54). ME. _busken_, to get oneself -ready (Cursor M., 11585). See Dict. - -=buskle,= to prepare oneself; hence, to set out, start on a journey, set -to work, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid iii. 359 (ed. Arber, 81); to hurry -about, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 6, st. 51. Freq. of _busk_, -vb.; see above. - -=busk-point,= the lace, with its tag (or point), which secured the end -of the ‘busk’, or strip of wood in the front of the stays. Dekker, -Shoemaker’s Holiday, v. 2 (Hodge); Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 -(Maquerelle); How a Man may Choose, i. 3 (Fuller). - -=busky,= bushy. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 2. See =bosky.= - -=bustain,= (prob.) clothed in _bustian_ or _busteyn_, a cotton fabric of -foreign manufacture; used as a term of derision; ‘Penthesilea with her -bustain troopes’ (i.e. her Amazons). Heywood, Iron Age, pt. ii; vol. -iii, p. 368. OF. _bustanne_, ‘sorte d’étoffe fabriquée à Valenciennes’ -(Godefrey). - -=but,= except, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 82; Massinger, Renegado, i. 2; unless, -BIBLE, Amos iii. 17; _but if_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 16; iv. 8. 33. In -prov. use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. Wyclif, John xii. 24: ‘But a corn of -whete falle in to the erthe, and be deed, it dwellith alone.’ - -=but-bolt, butt-bolt,= an unbarbed arrow used in shooting at the butts. -Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Cuddy). See =butt-shaft.= - -=butin,= booty. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 277, back, 18. F. _butin_. - -=butter-box,= a contemptuous term for a (fat) Dutchman. Massinger, -Renegado, ii. 5. 8; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Fulgoso). - -=butter-print,= a humorous expression for a child, as bearing the stamp -of the parents’ likeness. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4. 10; -The Chances, i. 5 (Don John); Span. Curate, ii. 1 (Diego). - -=buttery-bar,= the horizontal ledge on the top of the _buttery-hatch_, -or half-door, to rest tankards on, Twelfth Nt., i. 3. 75. -_Buttery-hatch_, Heywood, Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Robin). A -‘buttery-hatch’ is still to be seen opposite the entrance to the -dining-hall in every college in Oxford. See NED. - -=button,= a bud. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 1. 6. ME. _botoun_ (Rom. Rose, -1721). OF. _bouton_, a bud (Rom. Rose); see Bartsch, 412. - -=buttons, to make,= to be in great fear. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 -(Sancho). See EDD. (s.v. Button, sb.^{1} 8 and 12). - -=butt-shaft,= an arrow (without a barb), for shooting at the butts. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); L. L. L. i. 2. 181. - -=buxom,= yielding, obedient; blithe, lively. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s -Tale, 626; Henry V, iii. 6. 28; Milton, L’Allegro, 24. See Dict. - -=buzzes,= for _burrs-es_, double pl. of _burr_; burrs; used of the rough -seed-vessels of some plants. Field, Woman a Weathercock, ii. 1 -(Scudmore). - -=by and by,= immediately. BIBLE, Matt. xiii. 21; Luke xxi. 9; Spenser, -F. Q. i. 8. 2. See Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=by-blow,= a bastard. Ussher, Annals, 499 (NED.); Cox, Registers, -Lambeth, A.D. 1688, p. 75. In common prov. use in the north of England -and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. By(e, 8 (4)). - -=by-chop,= a bastard. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 2 (Chair). - -=bye,= a secondary object; _bye and main,_ a term orig. used in dicing, -expressing different ways of winning. _To bar bye and main_, to prevent -entirely, stop altogether, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 -(Rosalura). - -=bye,= to pay the penalty for, atone for. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. 30. -Cp. ME. _abyen_, to buy off (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4393). See =aby.= - -=bynempt,= declared solemnly, promised with an oath. Spenser, F. Q. ii. -1. 60; Shep. Kal., July, 214. See =benempt.= - -=by’r lakin,= by our Lady-kin or little Lady (with reference to the -Virgin Mary). Temp. iii. 3. 1; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 14. So also -_Byrlady_, Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 2 (1 Gent.). In prov. use -from Yorksh. to Derbysh., see EDD. (s.v. Byrlakins). - -=byse,= greyish; light blue, or azure. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1158. -See Dict. (s.v. Bice). - -=bysse,= fine linen; also, a vague name for any fine or costly material. -Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. Dyce, v. 558; Peele, Honour of -the Garter, l. 88. OF. _bysse_, L. _byssus_, Gk. βύσσos, ‘fine linen’ -(Luke xvi. 19); Heb. _būts_, applied to the finest and most precious -stuffs as worn by persons of high rank or honour (1 Chron. iv. 21). - - - - - C - - -=cabage,= to cut off the head of a deer close behind his horns. -Turbervile, Hunting, xliii. 134; ‘I wyll cabage my dere, _je cabacheray -ma beste_’, Palsgrave. ME. _caboche_ (Book on Hunting; NED.). F. -(Picard) _caboche_, the head, see H. Estienne, Précellence, 175. 397. - -=cabbish,= a cabbage. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. -Twi.). A Yorksh. pronunc. (EDD.). - -=cabinet,= a cabin, hut, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 83; ‘(the -lark’s) moist cabinet’, Venus and Adonis, 854. - -=cabrito,= a kid. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). Span. -_cabrito_. - -=cacafugo,= a spitfire, a braggart, blustering fellow. Fletcher, Fair -Maid of the Inn, iii. 1. 8. Span. _cacafuego_. - -=cackler,= the domestic fowl. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed -(Jackman). - -=cackling-cheat;= see =cheat.= (Cant.) - -=cacokenny,= a purposely perverted form of _cacochymy_, an unhealthy -state of the humours or fluids of the body. Middleton, Anything for a -Quiet Life, iii. 2 (Sweetball). Gk. κακοχυμία. - -=caddess,= the jackdaw. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. 541; ‘A cadesse or a -dawe, _Monedula_’, Baret, Alvearie. An old Yorksh. word (EDD.). - -=caddow,= the jackdaw. Huloet, Dict. (1552); spelt _cadowe_, Golding, -Metam., vii. 468; Tusser, Husbandry, § 46. 28. ME. _cadow_(_e_, -‘monedula’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 313). - -=cade,= a young animal brought up by hand; usually, a pet-lamb; rarely, -a foal. ‘The _Cade_ which cheweth the Cudde’ (here, apparently, a calf), -Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, iii. 4 (Ambidexter). In prov. use in -various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cade, sb.^{3} 1). ME. a _cade_, -‘ovis domestica’ (Cath. Angl.). - -=cade, oil of,= oil from the prickly cedar. _Oyle of Cade_, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 66; p. 187. F. _cade_, the prickly cedar (Cotgr). - -=caitif,= a captive. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 794; _caitifes_, unhappy -men, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii. 253. Also, mean, niggardly, Sir T. -Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. 2, § 3. Norm. F. ‘_caitif_, malheureux, -misérable, captif’ (Moisy); cp. Prov. _caitiu_, ‘captif, chétif, -misérable, mauvais, méchant’ (Levy). Celto-L. type *_cactivum_, L. -_captivum_. - -=calambac,= an Eastern name of aloes-wood or eagle-wood. A Knack to know -a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 571. Malay _kalambak_. See NED. - -=caldesed, chaldesed,= cheated. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 1010; Elephant -in the Moon, 494. Coined from Chaldees, pl. of Chaldee, a Chaldean, an -astrologer. - -=Calipolis,= the wife of the Moor in Peele’s play, Battle of Alcazar, -ii. 3: ‘Feed, then, and faint not, fair Calipolis.’ Hence Pistol has: -‘Feed, and be fat, my fair Calipolis’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 193; and -Heywood has: ‘To feed, and be fat, my fine Cullapolis’, Royal King -(Captain), vol. vi, p. 30. Those who consult Peele’s play will find the -quotation to be extremely humorous. Pistol’s words occur again in -Marston, What you Will, v. 1. 1. - -=calke,= to calculate. Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 15; _kalked_, pp.; -id. Clarence, st. 26. Short for _calcule_, F. _calculer_, L. -_calculare_. - -=calker, calcar,= a calculator, an astrologer; ‘_Calkers_ of mens -byrthes’, Coverdale, Isaiah ii. 6; _calcars_, Sir T. Wyatt, Song of -Jopas, 60; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 95. - -=calkins,= the turned-up ends of the horse-shoe which raise the heels -from the ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 4. 68; ‘_Rampone_, a calkin in a -horses shoon to keepe him from sliding’, Florio. This word, with various -pronunciations, is in prov. use in many parts of England from Lancash. -to Shropsh. and Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Calkin). OF. _calcain_, heel -(Godefrey). L. _calcaneum_, heel (Vulg., John xiii. 18). - -=callet,= a lewd woman, a tramp’s concubine. Othello, iv. 2. 122. B. -Jonson, Volpono, iv. 1 (Lady P.); ‘_Paillarde_, a strumpet, callet’, -Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland, Yorksh., and Lancash., see EDD. -(s.v. Callet, sb.^{1} 1). A Gipsy word, see Englische Studien, XXII -(ann. 1895). - -=callot, calotte,= a coif worn on the wig of a serjeant-at-law, a -skull-cap. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Bias); Etheredge, She Would if -she Could, iii. 3 (Sir Joslin). F. _calotte_, dimin. of _cale_, a caul. - -†=callymoocher,= a term of abuse. Only occurs in Middleton, Mayor of -Queenborough, iii. 3 (Oliver). - -=calophantic,= making a show of excellence; hypocritical. ‘Calophantic -Puritaines’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 53, st. 21. Gk. -καλό-ς, fair + -φαντης, one who shows, from φαίνειν, to show. - -=calvered salmon,= fresh salmon prepared in a particular way; sometimes, -apparently, pickled salmon. Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1 (Gasparo). -ME. _calvar_, ‘as samone or oder fysch’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. -320). - -=cambrel,= a crooked stick with notches on it, on which butchers hang -their meat. Also _cambren_, see Phillips (1706). Wel. _cambren_; _cam_ -crooked, and _pren_ wood, stick. In prov. use in Scotland, and in -England, from the Border as far south as Warwick, see EDD. (s.v. -Cambrel, sb.^{1}). See =gambrel.= - -=cambrel,= the hock of an animal; spelt _camborell_. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 107. 3; ‘His crooked cambrils’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, -Nymphal, x. 20; ‘_Chapelet du jarret_, the cambrel hogh of a horse’, -Cotgrave. See EDD. - -=camisado,= a night attack by soldiers; orig. one in which the attacking -soldiers wore shirts over their armour, that they might recognize one -another. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 297; Gascoigne, Jocasta, Act ii, sc. -2, l. 56. Span. _camiçada_, ‘a camisado, assault’ (Minsheu). _Camiça_, -_camisa_, ‘a shirt’, id. Late L. _camisia_, a shirt (Jerome). See NED. -(s.v. Chemise). - -=cammock, camocke,= a crooked tree; esp. one that is artificially bent. -Lyly, Euphues, pp. 46, 408; Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 579, col. 2. ME. -_cambok_, ‘pedum’ (Voc. 666. 27); Med. L. _cambuca_, ‘baculus -incurvatus’ (Ducange). - -=camois=(=e.= Of the nose: low and concave; ‘a Camoise nose, crooked -upwarde as the Morians’, Baret, Alvearie; ‘Camously croked’, Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 28; _camused_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). F. -_camus_, having a short and flat nose (Cotgr.). - -=camomile;= said to grow the more, when the more trodden upon. 1 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 441; Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Mis. Carol). - -=camouccio,= a term of reproach. B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 3 -(Sogliardo); spelt _camooch_, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable -(Lazarillo). Perhaps Ital. _camoscio_, the chamois. - -=can,= a wooden measure for liquor. Phr. _burning of cans_, branding -measures, to show that they were of legal capacity; B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus). - -=Can,= a lord, prince; ‘A great Emperor in Tartary whom they call Can’, -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11; p. 106. See Dict. (s.v. Khan). - -=can,= _pres. indic._, know; ‘Unlearned men that can no letters’, Foxe, -Martyrs (ed. 1684, ii. 325); ‘Can you a remedy for the tysyke?’ Skelton, -Magnyf. 561; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). ME. ‘I can a -noble tale’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3126). See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.^{1} 1). - -=can,= used as an auxiliary of the past tense; ‘Tho can she weepe’, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 50; ‘He can her fairely greet’, id. i. 4. 46. ME. -very common in Cursor M.; e.g. ‘Moses fourti dais can (v.r. gan) þer-on -duell’, 6462. See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.^{2} 2). - -=canaglia,= canaille, rabble. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. -_canaglia_, ‘base and rascally-people, only fit for dogs company’ -(Florio). - -=canary,= a quick and lively dance. All’s Well, ii. 1. 77; pl. -_canaries_, Middleton, Women beware, iii. 2 (Ward); to dance, L. L. L. -iii. 12. - -=canceleer, cancelier,= a hawking term. A hawk _canceleers_ when, in -stooping, she turns two or three times upon the wing, to recover herself -before she seizes the prey. Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a turn -or two in the air, Drayton, Pol. xx. 229. OF. (Picard) _canceler_ (F. -_chanceler_), to swerve, waver. - -=candle:= phr. _to hold a candle to the devil_, to assist an evil -person, to persevere in evil courses. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 316 -(Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1). Cp. the Gloucestersh. saying, ‘To offer a -candle to the devil’, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 2 (5)). - -=candles’ ends,= bits of lighted candle swallowed as flapdragons; see -=flapdragon.= Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, ii. 2. 24; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 267. - -=candle-waster,= one who sits up late, and so wastes candles; a student, -or a rake. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Much Ado, v. 1. -A Somerset expression, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 1 (22)). - -=cane,= a ‘khan’, an Eastern inn. G. Sandys, Trav. p. 57. See Stanford -(s.v. Khan). Arab, _khān_, a building (unfurnished) for the -accommodation of travellers (Dozy, Glossaire, 83). See =hane.= - -=canicular,= due to the dog-star. _Canicular aspect_, influence of the -dog-star, excessive heat, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 3 (2083); p. 144, -col. 1. ‘Of the canicular or dog-days’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors; -bk. iv, ch. 13. L. _canicula_, dog-star (Horace). - -=canion,= an ornamental roll laid in a set like sausages round the ends -of the legs of breeches; ‘French hose . . . with _Canions_ annexed -reaching down beneath their knees’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (see -Furnivall, 56). ‘_Chausses à queue de merlus_, round breeches with -strait cannions’, Cotgrave. Span. _cañon_, a tube, pipe, gun-barrel. - -=canker,= a caterpillar, a canker-worm. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 3; -Milton, Lycidas, 45. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Canker, sb.^{2} -6). ME. _cankyr_, ‘teredo’ (Prompt.). - -=canker,= the dog-rose. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 176. Cp. the prov. words -_canker-ball_, the mossy excrescence on a wild rose-bush, _canker-bell_, -the bud of a wild rose, _canker-berry_, the ‘hip’ of a wild rose, -_canker-rose_, ‘Rosa canina’, the wild rose (EDD).). - -=cankered,= ill-tempered. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 3; King John, ii. 1. -194. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). - -=cannakin,= a small can; ‘Let me the cannakin clinke’, Othello, ii. 3. -71. - -=cannel:= _Cannel bone_; ‘The neck-bone or windpipe’, Phillips, Dict.; -Golding, tr. Metam. 284; the collar-bone, Holland, Plutarch’s Mor. 409; -spelt _canell_: _canell of the necke_ (?), the nape of the neck, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 348. 10. Cp. _cannell-bone_ (Lancash.), and -_channel-bone_ (Somerset) in prov. use for the collar-bone (EDD.). OF. -(Picard) _canel_, a channel; F. _canneau du col_, ‘the nape of the neck’ -(Cotgr.). - -=canon-bitt,= a smooth round bit for horses. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37; -‘_Canon_, a canon-bitt for a horse’, Cotgrave. O. Prov. _canon_, a tube -(Levy). - -=canstick,= a candlestick. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 131. Still in use in -Berks. (EDD.). - -=cant,= a corner, a niche; ‘Irene or Peace, she was placed aloft in a -cant’, B. Jonson, James I’s Entertainment (1603); Warner, Monuments of -Honour (ed. Dyce, 369) See EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb.^{3} 1). Norm. F. _cant_, -‘angle’ (Moisy). - -=cant,= a piece, portion. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 45. A Kentish term, -see EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb^{4} 2). Cp. M. Du. _kant_ (Verdam). - -=canted,= tilted up, thrown up. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, iii. -211. See EDD. (s.v. Cant, vb.^{3} 9 (1)). E. Fris. _kanten_, ‘etwas auf -die Seite legen’ (Koolman). - -=canter,= one who _cants_, a vagrant. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 -(P. Can.). - -=cantharides,= a kind of flies; Spanish flies; sometimes Aphides. -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, viii. 54. Used as a stimulant, Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, iv. 1 (Cleremont). L. _cantharides_, pl. of -_cantharis_; Gk. κανθαρίς, blister-fly. - -=canting out,= singing out, in a beggar’s whine; ‘’Tis easier _canting -out_, “A piece of broken bread for a poor man”, than singing “Brooms, -maids, brooms: come, buy my brooms”,’ The London Chanticleers, scene 1 -(Heath). - -=cantle,= a part, portion; ‘_Liron de pain_, a cantle of bread’, -Cotgrave; ‘A cantel _pars, portio_’, Levins. Manipulus. ME. _cantel_, -‘minutal’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 324). OF. (Picard) _cantel_ = F. -_chanteau_, ‘a corner-piece or piece broken off from the corner, hence, -a cantel of bread’ (Cotgr.). - -=cantle,= to portion out, Dekker, Whore of Babylon, i. 1. 9; Dryden, -Juvenal’s Satire, vii. - -=cantore,= counting-house, office; ‘A Dutchman’s money i’ th’ -_Cantore_’, Butler, Abuse of human learning (Remains i. 211). Du. -_kantoor_, F. _comptoir_, a counter. - -=cantred,= a hundred; a district containing 100 townships. Spenser, View -of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 676, col. 1. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, 398. -Wel. _cantref_, a cantred; _cant_, a hundred + _tref_, a town. See -Ducange (s.v. Cantredus). - -=canvas:= phr. _to receive the canvas_, to get the sack; i.e. to be -dismissed. Shirley, The Brothers, ii. 1 (Luys); _give the canvas_, to -dismiss, Hyde Park, i. 1 (end). - -=canvasado,= a night attack by soldiers. Merry Devil, i. 1. 44. App. a -perverted form of =camisado,= q.v.; due to confusion with _canvass_, -vb., to knock about, to assault (NED.). - -=cap,= to arrest. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 -(Host). From. L. _capias_, the name of a writ; _writ of capias_, a writ -of arrest. - -=cap a-huff, to set,= to cock one’s cap or hat, to put on a swaggering -appearance. Greene, James IV, iv. 4. 13. See =huff-cap.= - -=cap of maintenance,= a kind of hat or cap worn as a symbol of official -dignity, or carried before a sovereign or a high dignitary in -processions. In the 17th cent. and later it is mentioned chiefly as -borne, together with the sword, before the Lord Mayor, and before the -Sovereign at his coronation. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1; A Woman never -vext, i. 1 (Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Maintenance). - -=capadochio,= a prison. Puritan Widow, i. 3. 56; ‘in _Caperdochy_, i’ -tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72; spelt _Capperdochy_, id. p. -86. App. for _Cappadocia_ (a bit of university slang). - -=cap-case,= a bandbox, cover, basket. Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 4 -(De F.); a small travelling-bag, Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 3 (Philogano). - -=caper,= a privateer, cruiser. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin). -Du. _kaper_, a privateer (Sewel, ed. 1766). - -=capilotade,= a kind of hash, or mixed dish; hence, a hash, a made-up -story. ‘What a capilotade of a story’s here!’ Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, -iii. 2 (Flippanta). F. _capilotade_, ‘a capilotadoe, or stued meat’, &c. -(Cotgr.). - -=capnomanster,= one who divines from the way in which smoke rises from -an altar. For _capnomancer_, Birth of Merlin, iv. 1. 62. From -_capnomancy_, divination by smoke. Gk. καπνομαντεία. - -=capocchia,= a simpleton. In Tr. and Cr. iv. 2. 33. Fem. of Ital. -_capocchio_, ‘a doult, a noddie’ (Florio). - -=capot,= in the game of piquet, the winning of all the tricks by one -player, which scores 40. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, ii. 2 (Wildair); -to win all the tricks at the game of piquet against another; ‘I have -_capotted_ her’, id. i. 1 (Fireball). F. _faire capot_ (Dict. de -l’Acad., ed. 1762). - -=cappadocian.= In Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, v. 1, Eyre, who had come -to be Lord Mayor of London, says that he had promised ‘the mad -_Cappadocians_’, who had been his fellow-apprentices, that he would -feast them if he ever attained to that dignity. I think it is evidently -a jocose expression for _mad-caps_, with a punning reference to the -_cap_, i.e. the _flat-cap_, which was the special headgear of the London -apprentice, and to which frequent references are made. Just below he -varies it to ‘my fine dapper Assyrian lads’. - -=caprich,= a freak, a whim, fancy, sudden giddy thought. Butler, -Hadibras, ii. 1. 18; printed _capruch_, Shirley, Example, ii. 1 -(Vainman). Ital. _capriccio_, ‘a sudden fear apprehended, making one’s -hair to stand on end’ (Florio); lit. the bristling of the head (_capo_ + -_riccio_); see note on ‘Caprice’, by A. L. Mayhew, in Mod. Lang. Rev., -July, 1912. - -=capricious,= witty. As You Like It, iii. 3. 8; Heywood, The Fair Maid, -iii. 2 (Roughman). - -=capte,= capacity. Only in Udall: tr. of Apoph., Preface, p. vi (1877); -fol. 23, back (1542); id. Cicero, § 45. - -=capuccio,= a hood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 10. Ital. _capuccio_, a -cowl. - -=carabin=(=e, carbine,= a mounted musketeer. Beaumont and Fl., Wit -without Money, v. 1 (Merchant). F. _carabin_, ‘cavalier qui porte une -carabine’ (Dict. de l’Acad.). - -=caract,= worth, value. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum., iii. 3. 23 (Kitely); -Volpone, i. 1 (Corvino); Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). - -=caract, carect,= a mark, sign, character. Meas. for M. v. 1. 56; _holy -Carects_, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Golding, De Mornay, iii. 37. ME. -_carect_ (Wyclif, Apoc. xx. 4). Prov. _caracta_, ‘marque, caractère’ -(Levy). Norm. F. _caractes_, pl. caractères magiques (Moisy). L. -_caracter_ (Vulg., Apoc. xx. 4), Gk. χαρακτήρ. - -=caravan= (Cant), an object inviting plunder; hence, a dupe, one easily -cheated. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1; iv. 1 (Belfond Senior). - -=caravel, carvel,= a kind of light ship. Eden, Three Books on America -(ed. Arber, p. 45). Spelt _carvel_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, -i. 2. 15. F. _caravelle_, Ital. _caravella_, Port. _caravéla_. - -=carbonado,= a piece of flesh scored across and grilled upon coals. -Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. 47; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 199; Lyly, Sapho, -ii. 3. 175; to make a ‘carbonado’ of, King Lear, ii. 2. 42. Span. -_carbonada_, ‘a carbonado on the coles’ (Minsheu). - -=carcanet,= a collar or necklace of jewels. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 4; -‘Captain jewels in the carcanet’, Sonnet 52. 8. Cp. F. _carcan_, ‘une -espèce de chaîne ou de collier de pierreries’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). - -=card,= a chart; esp. the circular card on which the points of the -compass were marked. Macbeth, i. 3. 17; Fletcher, Loyal Subject, iii. 2 -(Archas). _To speak by the card_, i.e. with the precision shown by such -a card, Hamlet, v. 1. 149. ‘Climes that took up the greatest part o’ th’ -card’, i.e. of the map, Heywood, If you know not me (Medina), vol. i. p. -334. - -=card,= to play at cards. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers, ed. Arber, -p. 25. _To card a rest_, to set up a rest, at the game of primero (see -=rest=), Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 32. - -=cardecu,= an old silver coin, a quarter of a crown. All’s Well, iv. 3. -314; v. 2. 35. F. _quart d’écu_. - -=carduus benedictus,= the Blessed Thistle, noted for its medicinal -properties. Much Ado, iii. 4. 72; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 -(Galatea). See Sin. Barth. 14. - -=care:= phr. _to take care for_, to give attention to. BIBLE, 2 Kings -xxii, and Esther vi (contents). - -=carect, carrect,= a carrack, a ship of burden. ‘Carects or hulks’, -North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 36 (in Shak. Plut., p. 213, n. -3); _carrects_, pl., Com. Errors, iii. 2. 140. Med. L. _carraca_, see -Ducange, and Dozy, Glossaire (s.v. Caraca). - -=careful,= anxious, solicitous. Titus And. iv. 4. 84; Milton, P. L. iv. -983; BIBLE, Dan. iii. 16. ME. _careful_, full of care, sorrowful -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 1565). - -=carfe,= an incision, cut. Golding, Metam. viii. 762; fol. 104, bk. -(1603) ‘Carf’ is in prov. use for the incision or notch made by a saw or -axe in felling timber (EDD.). - -=cargazon,= a cargo; ‘A cargazon of complements’, Howell, Foreign -Travell, sect. xv, p. 67. Also, a list of goods shipped; Hakluyt, vol. -ii, pt. 1, p. 217. Span. _cargazon_, cargo. - -=cargo,= used as an exclamation. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, -iv (Butler); Tomkis, Epil. to Albumazar. In both cases the context -refers to great riches. - -=cark=(=e,= anxiety, grief. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 44; Massinger, Roman -Actor, ii. 1 (Paris); ‘_Esmoy_, cark, care, thought, sorrow, heaviness’, -Cotgrave; Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in the north country; gen. in -phr. _cark and care_ (EDD.). ME. _cark_(_e_, anxiety (Gamelyn, 760). -Anglo-F. _cark_ (_kark_), charge, load (Rough List). The Norman and -Picard form of Central F. _charge_. See Dict. _Cark_(_e_, to be anxious; -‘I carke, I care, I take thought’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. -15; Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia, 107. - -=carl,= a countryman, a churl. Cymb. v. 2. 4; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54. -Icel. _karl_, a man, also, one of the common folk; opposed to _jarl_, as -OE. _ceorl_ to _eorl_. - -=carl,= to act as a carl or churl, to snarl. Return from Parnassus, last -scene (Furor). The verb is given as a north Yorksh. word in EDD. (s.v. -Carl, sb.^{1} 3). - -=carlot,= a peasant. As You Like It, iii. 5. 108. - -=carnadine,= a carnation-coloured stuff. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet -Life, ii. 2. 4. Ital. _carnadino_, a flesh-colour (Florio); _carne_, -flesh. - -=carnifex,= a hangman; hence, a scoundrel. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). L. _carnifex_, an executioner. - -=caroche,= a luxurious kind of carriage. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, -p. 6); Duchess of Malfi, iv. 2; Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Leonora). F. -_carroche_ (Cotgr.). Ital. _carroccio_, a carriage, a ‘caroche’. - -=carosse,= a carriage. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. i (D’Escures). F. -_carosse_ (Cotgr.); Med. F. _carrosse_. - -†=carpell.= Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 401, col. 1. Sense unknown. - -=carpet,= a table-cloth, a table-cover. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2 -(Truewit); Staple of News, i. 2. 2; ‘a carpet to cover the table’, -Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Jenkin); ‘carpets for their tables’, -Heylin, Hist. of the Reformation, To the Reader. It was in this sense -that a matter was said to be ‘on the carpet’ (i.e. of the -council-table). See Trench, Select Glossary. - -=carpet-knight,= a contemptuous term for a knight whose achievements -belong rather to the carpet (the lady’s boudoir) than to the field of -battle; ‘_Mignon de couchette_, a Carpet-knight, one that ever loves to -be in women’s chambers’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, i. 1 -(Alberto). There was once an order of Knights of the Carpet, so called -to distinguish them from knights that are dubbed for service in the -field. See NED. - -=carriage,= that which is carried, baggage. BIBLE, 1 Sam. xvii. 22; Acts -xxi. 15; ‘Carriages of an army are termed _impedimenta_’, Fuller, -Worthies of England, Norfolk; manner of carrying one’s body, bodily -deportment, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 472; demeanour, behaviour, Com. Errors, -iii. 2. 14; moral conduct, Timon, iii. 2. 89; Fletcher, Love’s -Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Sanchio); Island Princess, ii. 6. 12. - -=carricado,= a movement in fencing. Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler); -Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 57. See NED. (s.v. Caricado). - -=carvel;= see =caravel=. - -=carwitchet, carwhitchet,= a pun, quibble, conundrum. B. Jonson, Barth. -Fair, v. 1 (Leath.); Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Morello). See NED. -(s.v. Carriwitchet), and Nares (s.v. Carwhichet). - -=case,= a pair; ‘This case of rapiers’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 -(description of _Wrath_); ‘A case (pair) of matrons’, B. Jonson, Case is -altered, ii. 3. 1; ‘a case of pistols’, Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 -(Rogers); ‘two case of jewels’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 46). - -=case,= to skin. All’s Well, iii. 6. 111; ‘A cased rabbit’, Dryden, -Span. Friar, v. 2 (Gomez); Vanbrugh, Provok’d Wife, iv. 1 (Taylor). -Still in use in the north and the W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Case, -sb.^{1} 6). - -=casible,= a chasuble. Middleton, A Game at Chess, i. 1 (Blk. Knt.’s -Pawn). Med. Lat. _casibula_ (Ducange, s.v. Casula). - -=caskanet,= a word common in the 17th cent., used sometimes in the sense -of a necklace set with jewels (or _carcanet_), sometimes in the sense of -a _casket_. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Jolenta); Lingua, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 426. See NED. - -=cass,= to cashier, dismiss; ‘_Malandrin_, a cassed soldier’, Cotgrave. -The pp. was confused with _cast_, and so spelt. ‘Pontius, you are cast’, -Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, ii. 3 (Aëcius). F. _casser_, ‘to break, -to casse, casseere, discharge, turn out of service’ (Cotgr.). Prov. -_casar_, ‘casser, briser’ (Levy). - -=cassan, casson,= cheese. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 83. _Casson_, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Cp. Du. _kaas_, a cheese. - -=cassock,= a soldier’s cloak or long coat. All’s Well, iv. 3. 191; B. -Jonson, Every Man, ii (near the end). The military use is the original; -so F. _casaque_, Span. and Port. _casaca_, and Ital. _casacca_. Cp. MHG. -_casagân_, a horseman’s coat (Schade). Probably of Persian origin -(through the Arabic), see NED. - -=cast,= for _cassed_; see =cass.= - -=caster,= one who casts dice, in gaming. The _setter_ is one who _sets_, -or proposes, the amount of the stake against him. If the setter wants to -propose a very high stake, he says—_ware the caster!_ i.e. let him -beware. The caster usually says _at all!_ i.e. I cast against all -setters; but he may limit the amount of the stake. Massinger, City -Madam, iv. 2 (Tradewell). - -=caster,= a cant term for a cloak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -Harman, Caveat, p. 82. - -=casting,= anything given to a hawk to cleanse and purge her gorge. -Massinger, Picture, iv. 1 (Ubaldo). - -=casting-bottle,= a bottle for sprinkling perfumes. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Livia). So also -_casting-glass_, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Macilente). - -=castrel,= a kestrel, a base kind of hawk. Fletcher, The Pilgrim, i. 1 -(Alphonso); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). F. _cercerelle_, a -kestrel (Cotgr.). - -=cat,= in military phrase; a lofty work used in fortifications and -sieges. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter); Shirley, Honoria, -i. 2. This military work was also called a =cavalier,= q.v. See NED. -(s.v. Cat, sb.^{1} 6 b). - -=Cataian,= a _Cathaian_, an inhabitant of Cathay; hence a thief, a -scoundrel; because the Chinese were thought to be clever thieves, Merry -Wives, ii. 1. 148; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See -Nares. - -=cataphract,= a horse-soldier, protected (as well as his horse) with a -coat-of-mail. Milton, Samson, 1619. Gk. κατάφρακτος, one completely -protected. - -=catasta,= a jocose term for the stocks. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 259. -L. _catasta_, a stage on which slaves were exposed for sale; Med. L. -_catasta_, an engine of torture (Ducange). - -=catastrophe,= conclusion; (humorously) the posteriors. L. L. L. iv. 1. -77; (2) 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 66; Merry Devil, ii. 1. 10. - -†=Catazaner,= only in Shirley, Ball, v. 1 (Freshwater). Perhaps a -misprint for _Catayaner_ = =Cataian,= q.v. - -=cater,= a caterer, purveyor, buyer of provisions. Massinger, City -Madam, ii. 1 (Luke); Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 26. ME. _catour_ (Gamelyn, -321), for Anglo-F. _acatour_, a buyer. See Dict. - -=cater-tray,= lit. ‘four-three’; alluding to the four and three on -opposite faces of a die. Hence _stop-cater-tray_, the name of a false or -loaded die. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. 1 (Dique). See =quatre.= - -=Catherine pear,= a small and early variety of pear. Suckling, Ballad on -Wedding. _Catherine-pear-coloured_, of a light red colour, used of a -lady’s complexion, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime). [Cp. Crabbe, Tales of -the Hall, ‘’Twas not the lighter red, that partly streaks The Catherine -pear that brighten’d o’er her cheeks’ (x. 599).] - -=catlings,= catgut strings for a violin. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 306. - -=catso,= a rogue, a scamp. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, ii. 1 -(Carlo); also as interj., ‘Cat-so! let us drink’, Motteux, Rabelais, v. -8 (NED.). Ital. _cazzo_, an interjection of admiration, as some women -cry suddenly (Florio); _cazzo_, ‘membrum virile’. - -=catstick,= a stick or bat used in playing tip-cat or trap-ball. -Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); Middleton, Women beware Women, -i. 2 (Ward). - -=catzerie,= roguery. Only in Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 12. - -=cauled,= having or adorned with a caul or close-fitting cap; ‘My cauled -countenance’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 327. -ME., P. Plowman, C. xvii. 351. - -=causen,= to give reasons. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 26. Med. L. _causare_. -(Ducange). - -=cautel=(=e,= wariness, caution. Elyot, Governour, i. 4; a crafty -device, trickery, Hamlet, i. 3. 15. OF. _cautele_, L. _cautela_ (in -Roman Law) precaution. Anglo-F. _cautele_, deceit (Rough List). - -=cautelous,= cautious, wary. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Wit.); -Spenser, View of Ireland (Globe ed. 619); crafty, wily, Coriolanus, iv. -1. 33. - -=cavalier=(=o.= Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, ii. 4. 83; iii. 2. 81. Span. -_cavalléro_, ‘in Fortification, a Cavalier, or Mount, which is an -Elevation of Earth with a platform for Canon on it, to overlook other -Works’ (Stevens, 1706); cp. Ital. _cavagliére a cavállo_ (Florio). F. -_cavalier_, ‘se dit d’une pièce de fortification de terre fort élevée, & -où l’on met du canon’ (Dict. de l’Acad., ed. 1762). - -=cavallerie,= an order of chivalry; ‘The knighthood and cavallerie of -Rome’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 460; the collective name for horse-soldiers, -Bacon, Hen. VII, 74; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 3 (Gonzaga). F. -_cavallerie_, ‘horsemanship; horsemen’ (Cotgr.). - -=cavell,= a mean fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2217; Lyndesay, Satyre, -2863. See Jamieson. - -=caveson,= a strong nose-piece for a horse, a kind of curb; ‘The -Lithuanians, sir, . . . must Be rid with _cavesons_’, Sir J. Suckling, -Brennoralt, iii. 1; ed. Hazlitt, vol. ii, p. 104. F. _caveçon_, ‘a -cavechine or cavasson for a horse’s nose’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _cavezzone_, -augmentative of _cavezza_ a halter; Med. L. _capitia_, _capitium_, a -head-covering (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. _cavesson_). - -=cazimi, cazini:= in phr. _in cazimi_, ‘a Planet is in the heart of the -Sunne, or in Cazimi, when he is not removed from him 17 minutes’, Lilly, -Astrology, xix. 113; ‘In cazini of the sun’, Massinger, City Madam, ii. -2 (Stargaze); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 6; Selden’s notes to Drayton, -Pol. xiv (near the end). - -=cecchin,= a sequin, gold coin. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2. Ital. -_zecchino_, ‘a coin of gold current in Venice’ (Florio). See =chequin.= - -=cedule,= a slip or scroll of parchment or paper containing writing. -Caxton, Golden Legend, 114; spelt _cedle_, Morte Arthur, leaf 421, back, -5, bk. xxi, ch. 2; spelt _sedyl_ (same page). OF. _cedule_; Med. Lat. -_cedula_, _scedula_ (Ducange), dimin. of _sceda_, _scheda_. See NED. -(s.v. Schedule). - -=cee,= a small portion of beer; marked in the buttery-book of a college -with the letter _c_, which denoted one-sixteenth of a penny, or half a -_cue_, as being its price. ‘Eate _cues_, drunk _cees_’, 1 Part of -Jeronimo, ii. 3. 9; see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 367. ‘_Cues_ and _cees_’, -Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16, ed. Arber, p. 38. See =cue.= - -=cellar,= a case or stand for holding bottles. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, -iii. 1 (last line). - -=cemitare,= a ‘scimitar’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 3. F. _cimeterre_ -(Cotgr.), Span. _cimitarra_. - -=censure,= judgement, opinion, Richard III, ii. 2. 144; to form or give -an opinion, to estimate, ‘How you are censured here in the city’, -Coriolanus, ii. 1. 25. - -=cent,= a game at cards; also spelt _saint_, _sant_; it seems to have -resembled piquet. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One; Triumph of Death, -sc. 5 (Gentille); Shirley, Example, iii. 1 (Confident). So called, -because 100 was ‘game’. See Nares. - -=centener,= a centurion. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (Shak. -Plut., p. 237, n. 2); _centiner_, id. § 3 (p. 235, n. 2). F. _centenier_ -(Cotgr.), L. _centenarius_, consisting of a hundred; = centurio -(Vegetius, fl. A.D. 385). - -=cento,= a patched garment; ‘His apparel is a cento’, Shirley, Willy -Fair, ii. 2; used _fig._, ‘There is under these centoes and miserable -outsides . . . a soule of the same alloy with our owne’, Sir T. Browne, -Rel. Medici, pt. 2, § 13. L. _cento_, a garment of patchwork. - -=centre,= the centre of the earth, which was supposed to be also the -fixed centre of the universe; ‘The firm centre’, Webster, Appius, i. 3 -(Mar. Claudius). - -=centrinel, centronel,= a sentinel. Young, Diana, 120 (NED.); Marlowe, -Dido, ii. 1. 323 (Venus). - -=cerastes,= a horned snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. κεράστης. - -=ceration,= a reducing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. -1 (Face). L. _cera_, wax. - -=cere,= to cover with wax, to shroud in a cere-cloth; ‘Then was the -bodye . . . embawmed and cered’, Hall, Hen. VIII, ann. 5. L. _cerare_, -to wax; _cera_, wax. - -=cere-cloth,= the linen cloth dipped in melted wax to be used as a -shroud. Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 51; cp. _cerements_, Hamlet, i. 4. 48. See -=sear-cloth.= - -=certes,= certainly. Temp. iii. 3. 30; Com. Errors, iv. 4. 77. F. -_certes_, truly (Cotgr.), O. Prov. _certas_ (Levy). - -=cestron,= a ‘cistern’. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 52. - -=cetywall,= see =setwall.= - -=ch,= a form of _ich_, _utch_, southern form of the first personal -pronoun _I. Cha_, I have, More, Heresyes, iv (Works, 278); _chad_, I -had, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 3; _cham_, I am, Peele, Sir Clyom., -Works, iii. 85; B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 1; _chave_, I have, Peele, -Arr. Paris, i. 1 (Pan); _chee_ (for _ich_), I, London Prodigal, ii. 168; -_I chid_, I should, ii. 1. 20; _chill_, I will, King Lear, iv. 6. 239; -_chud_, I would, ib. See NED. and EDD. - -=chacon,= a slow Spanish dance, or its tune; ‘_Chacon_: Two Nymphs and -Triton sing’, Dryden, Albion, Act ii (end). F. _chaconne_ (Hatzfeld); -Span. _chacona_ (Neuman and B.). - -†=chaflet,= (?) a small platform or stage; ‘He satte vpon a _chaflet_ in -a chayer’ [chair], Morte Arthur, leaf 422, back, 2, bk. xxi, c. 3. Only -in this passage. Probably the same as OF. _chafault_, a temporary -platform. See NED. (s.v. Catafalque), and Dict. (s.v. Scaffold). - -=chaldrons,= entrails of a calf, &c. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I. iii. 1 -(Fustigo). Spelt _chawdron_, Macbeth, iv. 1. 33. Cp. dialect forms, -_chauldron_, Hertford, _chaudron_, Gloucester, _chawdon_, Leicester, see -EDD. (s.v. Chawdon). OF. _chaudun_, tripes (Roquefort); cp. G. -_kaldaunen_. - -=challes,= jaws. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75; _chall-bones_, jaw-bones; -id. § 86. In common prov. use in England as far south as Bedford, see -EDD. (s.v. Chawl). ME. _chaul_ (Wyclif, 1 Kings xvii. 35); OE. _ceafl_. - -=cham,= khan. The _Great Cham_, the Great Khan; commonly applied to the -ruler of the Mongols and Tartars, and to the Emperor of China. Much Ado, -ii. 1. 277; Fletcher, The Chances, v. 3 (Don John). Turki _khān_, lord, -prince. See NED. (s.v. Cham, Khan). - -=chamber,= a small cannon used to fire salutes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 57; -Massinger, Renegado, v. 8. See NED. (s.v. Chamber. 10 b). - -=chambering,= wanton behaviour in private places. BIBLE, Romans xiii. -13; Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, ii. 4 (Citizen). Cp. _chamberer_, -one of wanton habits, Othello, iii. 3. 265. - -=chamber-lie,= see =lye.= - -=chamelot,= a name originally applied to some beautiful and costly -eastern fabric, camlet. _Water Chamelot_, camlet with a wavy or watered -surface. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 45; Holland, Pliny, i. 228; Bacon, New -Atlantis (ed. 1650, p. 3). OF. _chamelot_ (Littré). - -=chamfered,= furrowed, wrinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 23. OF. -_chanfraindre_, to chamfer, to furrow, also, to bevel an edge. Possibly -for _chant-fraindre_, which may = Med. L. _cantum frangere_, to break -the edge or side. - -=champian, champion,= the champaign, level open country, BIBLE, Deut. -xi. 30; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 29; Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 173; Gosson, -School of Abuse, 29. - -=chandry, chandrie,= short for _chandlery_, the place where candles were -kept in a household; ‘Six torches from the chandry’, B. Jonson, Masque -of Augurs (Notch). OF. _chandel_(_l_)_erie_. - -=changeling,= a half-witted person. In Middleton’s play ‘The -Changeling’, the reference is to Antonio, who enters ‘disguised as an -idiot’, A. i, sc. 2. _To play the changeling_, to play the fool, -Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Mis. Knavesby). See EDD. -(s.v. Change. 8). - -=chank,= to champ, to eat noisily. Golding, Metam. viii. 292 (fol. 97), -viii. 825 (fol. 105, back). - -=channel,= the neck. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, 1. 3 (Calyphus). See -=cannel.= - -=channel-bone,= the collar-bone, clavicle. Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 266; -Holinshed, Chron. iii. 805; Kyd, Soliman, i. 4. 55. See =cannel.= - -=chapine,= a high-heeled shoe. Massinger, Renegado, i. 2 (Donusa); -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song). See Stanford (s.v. -Chopine). Span. _chapin_, a woman’s high cork shoes (Minsheu). See -=choppine.= - -=char, chare,= car, chariot. Surrey, A Complaint by Night, 4; Sackville, -Induction, st. 7. F. _char_, a chariot (Cotgr.). - -=character,= handwriting. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 6. 6; Meas. for M. iv. -2. 208. F. _caractere_, a form of writing (Cotgr.). - -=chare,= chary, careful. Golding, tr. Ovid, Met. xiv. 336 (ed. 1593); -dear, Golding, Calvin on Deut. xxiii. 134. - -=chare, charre,= a turn of work, an odd job or business. Ant. and Cl. -iv. 15. 75; _Chare_, to do a turn of work, esp. in phr. (_This_) -_char_(_re is char’d_, this bit of business is done, Sir Thos. More, -iii. 1. 118; Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s Old Plays, ii. -375; Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce 392); ‘Here’s two chewres chewred’, -Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Bobadilla). See EDD. (s.v. Chare, -sb.^{1}). OE. _cerr_, a turn, ‘temporis spatium’ (B. T.). - -=charet=(=t,= a car, chariot. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 32; BIBLE, Exod. xiv. -6; 2 Kings ix. 16; _charettes_, carts, _Gascoigne_, Supposes, ii. 1 -(Erostrato). F. _charette_, a chariot (Cotgr.). - -=charm,= the blended sound of harmonious notes, as of music, children’s -voices or song-birds. Milton, P. L. iv. 642; Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 -(Pomona); Bunyan, The Holy War (Temple ed., 293); Udall, Erasmus (ed. -1548, Luke ii, fol. xxxii a); _charme_, to make a melodious sound, -Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 13. ‘Charm’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and -southern counties in the sense of a confused murmuring sound of many -voices, of birds, bees, &c.; see EDD. (s.v. Charm, sb.^{1}). See -=chirm.= - -=charm,= to control, to silence, as if by a strong charm. Middleton, A -Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Russell). Also, to induce to speak, as by a charm, -Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, ii. 1 (Rhetias). - -=charneco, charnico,= a species of sweet wine. From a village so called -near Lisbon (Steevens). 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 63; _Charnico_, Puritan Widow, -iv. 3. 89; Heywood, Maid of West, iii (Wks. ed. 1874, ii. 301). See -Stanford. - -=chartel,= a ‘cartel’, a written challenge. B. Jonson, i. 5 (or 4): -Bobadil. Span. _cartel_, Ital. _cartello_, dimin. of _carta_, paper, -letter. - -=chase,= a hunting-ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 137; Titus, ii. 3. -255; ‘The chase alwaie open and nothing at all inclosed’, Harrison, -Desc. England, ii. 19 (ed. Furnivall, 310). Anglo-F. _chace_, a -hunting-ground, a chase (Rough List). - -=chatillionte,= delightful, amusing. Farquhar, Sir H. Wildair, iv. 2 -(Lurewell). F. _chatouillant_, pr. pt. of _chatouiller_, to tickle, to -provoke with delight (Cotgr.). - -=chauf,= to chafe, heat, vex. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § -2; _chauffed_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 33. OF. _chaufer_ (F. _chauffer_), -to warm. - -=chave,= for _ich have_, I have. Peele, Araygnement of Paris, i. 1 -(Pan). See =ch.= - -=chawne,= a gap, fissure. Holland, Pliny, i. 37; to gape open, id. i. -435; to cause to gape open, to rive asunder, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, -iii. 1 (Andrugio); ‘_Crevasser_, to chop, chawn . . . rive’, Cotgrave. -‘Chawn’ is in prov. use in the Midlands for a crack in the ground caused -by dry weather, see EDD. (s.v. Chaum). See =choane.= - -=cheasell,= gravel. Turbervile, Epitaph II. on Master Win, st. 5. Cp. -the Chesil Bank (Portland), Chiselhurst, Kent. ME. _chisel_ or gravel, -‘arena, sabulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 82), OE. _ceosel_, _cysel_, gravel. - -=cheat,= wheaten bread of the second quality. Chapman, Batrachom., 3; -Drayton, Polyolb. xvi, p. 959; _cheat bread_, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, -iv. 1 (Chough); Eastward Hoe, v. 1 (Mrs. T.); _cheat loaf_, B. Jonson, -Masque of Augurs, vol. vi, p. 123; Corbet, Poetica Stromata (Nares). -Bread of the first quality was called _manchet_. See NED. (s.v. Cheat, -sb.^{2}). - -=cheat= (Thieves’ Cant), used in general sense ‘thing’, gen. preceded by -some descriptive word. _The Cheate_ (= _treyning cheate_), the gallows, -Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 28; _cackling-cheate_, the domestic fowl, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Prigg); _grunting cheate_, a pig (id.); -_belly-cheat_, an apron, id. ii. 1 (Higgen). See NED. (s.v. Cheat, -sb.^{1} 3). See =backcheat.= - -=cheator,= a cheat. Esp. used of one who lived by cheating at dice; -Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Quadratus). - -=check= (in Hawking), a false stoop, when a hawk forsakes her proper -game, and pursues rooks, doves, &c. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 -(Maria); _to fly at check_, Dryden, Ann. Mirab. st. 86; _check_, base -game, rooks, &c, Drayton, Pol. xx. 217; Turbervile, Falconrie, 110. - -=checked,= chequered, variegated. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 18; Greene, -Friar Bacon, i. 1. 83; spelt _chequed_, ‘The chequed, and purple-ringed -daffodillies’, B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd). - -=checker-approved,= approved by one who checks, a controller. Ford, -Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). See NED. (s.v. Checker, sb.^{1} 1). - -=checklaton,= a cloth of rich material; ‘A Jacket, quilted richly rare -Upon checklaton’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 43. OF. _chiclaton_, also -_ciclaton_ (Godefroy). The ME. form was _ciclatun_ (_syklatoun_); see -Juliana, 8, and Chaucer, C. T. B. 1924. See NED. (s.v. Ciclatoun). - -=chedreux,= a kind of perruque. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iii. 2 (Sir -Fopling); Oldham, tr. of Juvenal, Sat. iii. 191. From the maker’s name. -Also Shaddrew (NED.). - -=chequin,= an Italian gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Pericles, iv. 2. 28 -(_chickeens_ in ed. 1608); B. Jonson, Volpone, i (last speech but 8 of -Volpone). See Dict. (s.v. Sequin), and Stanford. See =cecchin.= - -=cherry,= to cherish, cheer, delight. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 22. F. -_chérir_, to hold dear. - -=cherry-pit,= a children’s game, in which cherry-stones were thrown into -a pit or small hole. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 129; Witch of Edmonton, iii. 1 -(Cuddy). - -=cheve,= to bring to an end, to finish; ‘I cheve, I bring to an ende, -_Je aschieve_’, Palsgrave. OF. _chever_, to finish (NED.). - -=cheve, chive,= to befall, happen to. Phr. _foul cheeve him_, ill befall -him, Sir A. Cockain, Obstinate Lady, iii. 2; _foul chive him_, Beaumont -and Fl., Knight of the Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. Merry Thought). - -=cheveril,= kid-leather; used allusively as a type of pliability. -Twelfth Nt. iii. i. 13; B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). ME. -_cheverel_, ‘ledyr’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. _cheveril_ (Rough List), deriv. -of OF. _chevre_, a goat. - -=chevin, cheven,= the chub. Book of St. Albans, fol. F 7, back; Drayton, -Pol. xxvi. 244; ‘_Chevesne_, a chevin’, Cotgrave. ‘Cheven’ is a Yorks. -word for the chub (EDD.). OF. _chevesne_; see Hatzfeld (s.v. Chevanne). - -=chevisaunce,= merchandise, gain (in a bad sense). Coverdale, Deut. xxi. -14. ME. _chevisaunce_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1519). OF. _chevissance_, -‘pactum, transactio, conventio’. Med. L. _chevisantia_ (Ducange). - -=chevisaunce= (as used by Spenser and his imitators), enterprise, -achievement, expedition on horseback, chivalry, F. Q. ii. 9. 8. - -=che vor:= in phr. _che vor ye_. The meaning seems to be ‘I warrant -you’, King Lear, iv. 6. 246, but the relationship or etymology of the -word _vor_ has not yet been discovered; nothing like it is known to -exist in prov. use. _Che vore ’un_, (?) I warrant him, B. Jonson, Tale -of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). _Cha vore thee_ is found in The Contention -between Liberality and Prodigality, ii. 3 (Tenacity), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, viii. 345, ‘What will you give me? Cha vore thee, son . . . -Chill give thee a vair piece of three half-pence’. (Here, _cha vore -thee_ may be West dialect for ‘I have for thee.’) - -=chewet, chewit,= a chough, _fig._ a chatterer. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 29. F. -_chouette_, a chough, jackdaw (Cotgr.). - -=chewet,= a dish of meat or fish, chopped fine and mixed with spices and -fruits. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Francisca). - -=chewre,= a turn of work; see =chare.= - -=Cheyney;= see =Philip.= - -=chiarlatan,= a mountebank or Cheap Jack who descants volubly to a -_crowd_. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 971; _ciarlitani_, pl., B. Jonson, -Volpone, ii. 1 (Volpone, Speech, 3). Ital. _ciarlatano_, a babbler, -mountebank, fr. _ciarlare_, to babble; whence F. _charlatan_, ‘a -pratling quack-salver’ (Cotgr.). - -=chiaus=(=e,= a Turkish messenger, sergeant, or lictor. Massinger, -Renegado, iii. 4; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 2. 25. Turkish _chāush_. - -=chiause, chouse,= one easily cheated, a dupe, gull. Newcastle, The -Variety, in Dramatis Personae (‘A country Chiause’). [Cp. Johnson’s -Dict., A _chouse_, a man fit to be cheated.] - -=chiause, chowse,= _v._, to chouse, to cheat. ‘Chiaus’d by a scholar!’, -Shirley, Honoria, ii. 3 (Conquest); ‘And sows of sucking-pigs are -_chowsed_’, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 114, also l. 1010. - -=chibbal,= a young onion with the green stalk attached, Fletcher, -Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); _chibal_, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (2 -Gipsy). ‘Chibbal’ (‘chibble’) is in gen. prov. use in the Midlands and -south-west country, see EDD. (s.v. Chibbole). ME. _chibolle_ (P. -Plowman, B. vi. 296). OF. (Picard) _chibole_ (F. _ciboule_); L. -_cepulla_, dimin. of _cepa_, onion. - -=chibrit,= sulphur. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt -_kibrit_ (NED.). Arab. _kibrīt_, sulphur; cp. Heb. _gophrīth_, Aramaic, -_kubrīth_. - -=chiches,= chick-peas. B. Jonson, tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry (L. -_ciceris_, l. 249); spelt _chittes_, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, iv. -10; Udall, Apoph., Diogenes, 47. F. _chiches_, ‘sheeps-cich-peason, -chiches’ (Cotgr.); OF. _chiche_ (Roman. Rose, 6911). - -=chiefrie,= the payment of rent or dues to an Irish chief. Spenser, View -of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 663). - -=chievance,= raising of money. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 64). F. -‘_chevance_, wealth, substance, riches’ (Cotgr.). - -=child:= phr. _to be with child_, used _fig._, to be full of -expectation. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); also, to long -after, desire vehemently, id., Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Viola). - -=Child Rowland,= a young knight; with reference to a scrap of an old -ballad. King Lear, iii. 4. 187; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 16. - -=chilis,= a large vein. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2. 4 (where it is -equated to _vena cava_). Dyce’s note says—‘Out of the gibbosyte . . . -of the liuer there issueth a veyne called _concava_ or _chilis_’, -Traheron, Vigo’s Workes of Chirurgerie, 1571, fol. ix. Gk. φλὲψ κοίλη, -_vena cava_. - -=chill;= as in _I chill_, for _Ich ’ill_, I will. ‘Tell you I _chyll_’, -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 1. See =ch.= - -=china-house,= a china-shop. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Subtle). - -=chinchard,= a niggard, miser. Spelt _chyncherde_, Skelton, -Magnyfycence, 2517. ME. _chinche_, a niggard (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2793); -Norm. F. _chinche_, ‘mesquin avare’ (Moisy). - -=chinclout,= a muffler covering the lower part of the face. Middleton, A -Mad World, iii. 3 (Follywit). Cp. _muffler_ in Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73. - -=chine,= to divide or break the back of. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 13. -Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3. 6; ‘_Eschiner_ -(_échiner_), to chine, to break the back of’, Cotgrave. In everyday use -in Suffolk (EDD.). - -=chink,= a bed-bug. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess). Also -spelt _chinch_. Span. _chinche_, a bug; L. _cimex_. - -=chink,= a piece of money. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503. - -=chire,= a slender blade of grass, a sprout. Spelt _chyer_, Drayton, -Harmony, Song Solomon, ch. ii, l. 3. ME. _chire_, ‘genimen’ (Cath. -Angl.). - -=chirm,= a confused noise, the mingled din or noise of many birds or -voices. Spelt _chyrme_, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 5; _churm_, -Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 170). See =charm.= - -=chirr,= to chirp like a grasshopper; ‘The chirring grasshopper’, -Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 16. - -=chitterling,= a frill, ruff; esp. the frill down the breast of a shirt. -Like Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 310; Gascoigne, Delic Diet -Droonkardes (NED.). For examples of prov. use see EDD. (s.v. 4). - -=chitterlings,= the smaller intestines of the pig, &c., esp. when fried -or boiled. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Fustigo); Butler, -Hudibras, i. 2. 120. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=chitty-face,= one who has a thin pinched face; used as a term of -contempt; ‘You half-fac’d groat, you thin-cheek’d chitty-face’, Munday, -Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, v. 1 (Jailer), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. -188; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 2 (Spungius); ‘Chittiface, -_puellulus_, _improbulus_’, Coles, Dict. (1679); ‘A chittiface, proprie -est facies parva et exigua’, Minsheu, Ductor (1617). OF. _chiche-face_ -(_chiche-fache_), lean face (Godefroy). The word occurs in Rabelais, i. -183 (ed. Jaunet). From this word comes the perverted form _chichevache_ -(Chaucer, C. T. E. 1188), the name of a fabulous monster said to feed on -patient wives. - -=chival,= a horse; ‘Upon the captive chivals’ (in captivis equis), -Turbervile, Ovid’s Ep., 148 b; Mucedorus, Induction, 29, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vii. 204; but here _chival_ may be for _’chieval_, _achieval_, -achievement. - -=chive, cive,= a small kind of onion or garlic; ‘_Escurs_, the little -sallad herb called _Cives_ or _Chives_’, Cotgrave. F. _cive_ (North F. -_chive_), onion; L. _cepa_, onion. - -=chive;= see =cheve.= - -=choane,= a cleft, rift, fissure; ‘_Fendasse_, a cleft, choane’, -Cotgrave. See =chawne.= - -=choke-pear,= a rough, harsh pear; also, something impossible to swallow -or get over. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 321); Mydas, iv. 3 (end). - -=choplogic,= a contentious, sophistical arguer. Awdelay, Fratern. of -Vacabondes, p. 15. Shortened to _choploge_; ‘Choploges or greate -pratlers’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; Roister Doister, iii. -2 (Merygreek). - -=choppine,= a kind of shoe raised above the ground by means of a cork -sole or the like. Hamlet, ii. 2. 445; ‘_Pianelloni_, great pattins or -choppins’, Florio; ‘Corke shooes, chopines’, Marston, Dutch Courtezan, -iii. 1 (Tissefew). See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). See =chapine.= - -=chreokopia,= a cancelling of debts, or of a part of a debt. Massinger, -Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. χρεωκοπία, a cutting off of debt. - -=Christ-cross, Chriss-cross, Crisscross,= a cross (✠) placed at the -beginning of the alphabet in a horn-book. Hence, _Christcross-row_, the -alphabet, Two Angry Women, v. 1 (Mall); shortened to _cross-row_, -Richard III, i. 1. 55. A similar cross was sometimes used (instead of -XII) to mark noon on a clock or dial; hence ‘the Chrisse-crosse of -Noone’, Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 85; see Nares. - -=Christ-tide,= Christmas. A term for Christmas, used by Puritans, to -avoid the use of the word _mass_. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Ananias) -See NED. - -=chrysopoeia,= the making of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). -Gk. χρυσοποιία. - -=chrysosperm,= seed of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Gk. -χρυσός, gold + σπέρμα, seed. - -=chuck,= darling; a term of endearment. Hen. V, iii. 2. 20; Macbeth, -iii. 2. 45; ‘His _chuck_, that is, his wife’, Earle, Microcosmographie, -§ 68 (ed. Arber, p. 94). See EDD. (s.v. Chuck, sb.^{1} 4). - -=chuff,= a rustic, a clown. Generally applied opprobriously to any -person disliked, esp. a rude coarse fellow. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 93; a -churlish miser, Nashe, P. Pennilesse (NED.); Massinger, Duke of Milan, -iii. 1 (Medina). In prov. use in the sense of surly, ill-tempered, see -EDD. (s.v. Chuff, adj.^{1} 1). ME. _choffe_ or _chuffe_, ‘rusticus’ -(Prompt.). - -=church-book,= (1) the Bible; (2) the parish register. Both senses are -quibbled upon; Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (1 Lawyer). - -=ciarlitani;= see =chiarlatan.= - -=cibation,= a process in alchemy; lit. ‘a feeding’. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1 (Dol). From L. _cibus_, food. - -=cinoper,= ‘cinnabar’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). Cp. MHG. -_zinober_. - -=cinque-pace,= a kind of lively dance. Much Ado, ii. 1. 77. F. _cinq -pas_, lit. five paces; Littré gives _cinq pas et trois visages_ (five -paces, three faces) as the name of an old French dance. - -=cioppino,= a ‘chopine’. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Hedon). See -=choppine.= - -=circling:= phr. _a circling boy_, i.e. a kind of _roarer_, one who -circumvented and cheated his dupes. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 2 -(Edgworth). See Nares. - -=circular,= going round-about, indirect. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. -2 (Physician). - -=circumstance,= detailed and circuitous narration; details, particulars; -‘Without circumstance’, i.e. without further details, Romeo, v. 3. 181; -ceremony, formality, ‘Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war’, -Othello, iii. 3. 355. - -=citronise,= to bring to the colour of citron; a process in alchemy. B. -Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle). - -=cittern-headed,= ugly; because the head of the cittern (a kind of -guitar) was often grotesquely carved to resemble a human head. Ford, -Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). The citterns were mostly found in -barbers’ shops. - -†=city-wires= (?); ‘His cates . . . Be fit for ladies: some for lords, -knights, ’squires; Some for your waiting-wench, and city-wires’, B. -Jonson, Epicoene (Prologue). - -=civil,= sober, grave, not gay; said of colour. Romeo, iii. 2. 10; -Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Maria); ‘civil-suited Morn’, Milton, Il -Pens., 122. - -=clack-dish,= a wooden dish with a lid, carried and clacked by beggars -as an appeal for contributions. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 2 -(Gerardine). See =clapdish.= - -=clad,= to clothe. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 4; Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce p. -602. - -=cladder,= a man of loose and vicious manners. (Cant.) ‘_Cladders_? Yes, -catholic lovers’, Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Bright and Aurelia). - -=clair-voyant,= clear-sighted, having good insight. _Clara voyant_, -Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 1 (end). - -=clamper up,= to gather up together hastily. Ascham, Toxophilus, (ed. -Arber, 83). [Sir W. Scott uses the expression ‘to _clamper up_ a story’, -in a letter to Joanna Baillie (Feb. 10, 1822).] - -=clap,= a sudden stroke of misfortune; a touch of disrepute. B. Jonson, -Alchem. iv. 4. 3; _to catch a clap_, to meet with a mischance, Heywood, -Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 1 (Wise Woman). - -=clapdish,= a wooden dish for alms with a cover that shut with a -clapping noise, used by lepers and other mendicants. Massinger, Parl. of -Love, ii. 2 (Leonora); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See -=clack-dish.= - -=clapper,= a rabbit-burrow. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 25; ‘As a cony -. . . in his _claper_’, Fabyan, Chron. pt. vii, an. 1294-5 (p. 395). -‘_Clapier_, a clapper of conies’, Cotgrave. A Dorset word for a -rabbit-hole (EDD.). O. Prov. _clapier_, ‘garenne privée’ (Levy). - -=clapperclaw,= to beat, to maul. Merry Wives, ii. 3. 67; Tr. and Cr. v. -4. 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, and in Scotland (EDD.). - -=clapperdudgeon,= a cant name for a beggar; a term of reproach. B. -Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. sen.); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. i. -4; Greene, George-a-Greene (l. 909), ed. Dyce, p. 265, col. 1; Harman, -Caveat, p. 44. Cp. _clapper_, the lid of a beggar’s clap-dish; _dudgeon_ -was the name of a kind of wood for making handles of knives, &c. - -=clarissimo,= a grandee. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. 6. A Span. -word, lit. most illustrious. - -=clary, clare,= a pot-herb, the _Salvia Sclarea_, supposed to be good -for the eyes, and so by pop. etym. often spelt _Cleare-eie_, -_Clear-eye_; ‘Spirits of clare to bathe our temples in’, Davenant, The -Wits, v (Thwack); spelt _clary_, ‘Clary quasi Clear Eye’, W. Coles, Adam -in Eden, xxiii. 47. See NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.^{2}). - -=clary,= a sweet liquor made of wine, clarified honey, and spices. -Congreve, Way of World, iv. 5 (Mirabell); Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iii. -1 (Lord Rake). ME. _clarree_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1471). OF. _claré_, that -which is cleared or clarified, see NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.^{1}). - -=classhe.= See =closh.= - -=claw,= to stroke; hence, to flatter. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 186; Marston, -Antonio, Pt. II, i. 1 (Piero); Much Ado, i. 3. 18. Phr. _claw me, I’ll -claw thee_, ‘We saye, clawe me, clawe thee’, Tyndal, Expos. John (ed. -1537, 72), see NED.; _to claw the back_, to flatter, Hall, Sat. i. prol. -11. ‘Claw’ means to flatter in Leic. and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. -7). - -=clawback,= one who strokes the back; a flatterer; ‘These flattering -clawbackes’, Latimer, 2 Sermon bef. King, p. 64; Mirror for Mag., Iago, -st. 6; ‘_Blandisseur_, a flattering sycophant or clawback’, Cotgrave. So -in north Yorks. and Leic., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. 10 (b)). - -=clear,= very drunk. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond -Senior). - -=cleave the pin;= see =pin.= - -=cleaze;= see =clee.= - -=clee,= a claw; ‘_Pied d’un cancre_, the clee or claw of a crab’, -Cotgrave; ‘The clee of a bittor’, Turbervile, Falconrie, 349; _cleaze_ -pl., Phaer, tr. Aeneid, viii. 209; Studley, Seneca’s Hercules, 206 b -(NED.). See EDD. (s.v. Clee). ME. _cle_, ‘ungula’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. -_clēa_. Cp. =cleye.= - -=cleeves,= cliffs; ‘Dover’s neighbouring cleeves’, Drayton, Pol. xviii; -Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 62. ME. _clefe_ of an hyll, ‘declivum’ -(Prompt.). Due to OE. _cleofu_, the plural form, or to _cleofe_, the -dat. of _clif_. ‘Cleeve’ is very common in place-names in the west of -England: Cleeve (Clyffe Pypard) in Wilts.; Church Cleves in Dorset; Old -Cleeve, Huish Cleeve, Bitter Cleeve in Somerset. - -=clem,= to starve for want of food. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, -iii. 1 (Shift); Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). To ‘clem’ (or to ‘clam’) is the -ordinary word for starving in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Clam, vb.^{2} 1). The lit. meaning of _clam_ (_clem_) is ‘to pinch’, -still used in this sense in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Clam, -vb.^{1} 1. Cp. Dan. _klemme_, Sw. _klämma_, to pinch. - -=clench, clinch,= a pun. Dryden, Mac Flecknoe, 83; Prologue to Tr. and -Cr. (1679), 27. - -=clenchpoop,= a lout, a clown; a term of contempt. Warner, Albion’s -England; bk. vi, ch. xxxi, st. 22; _clinchpoop_, or _clenchpoop_, Three -Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 256. - -=clepe,= to call. L. L. L. v. 1. 24; Hamlet, i. 4. 19. The pp. is spelt -_cleeped_ in Chapman, Gent. Usher, ii. 1 (Pogio); the usual form is the -archaic _y-clept_, spelt _y-clep’d_ in Milton, L’Allegro, 12. OE. -_clipian_, _cleopian_, to call; pp. _ge-cleopod_. - -=clergion,= a young songster, _fig._ of birds. Surrey, Description -Restless State, 22; Poems, 72; in Tottel’s Misc. 231. ME. _clergeon_, a -chorister (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1693). F. _clergeon_. - -=clergy,= clerkly skill, learning. Proverb, ‘An Ounce of Mother-Wit is -worth a Pound of Clergy (or Book-learning)’, see NED.; Middleton, Family -of Love, iii. 3 (Purge). The privilege of exemption from sentence which -might be pleaded by every one who could read; ‘Stand to your clergy, -uncle, save your life’, Munday, Death Huntington, i. 3, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, viii. 244. _Clergy of belly_, respite claimed by a pregnant -woman. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1. 884. ME. _clergy_: ‘Lewdnesse of -clergy, _illiteratura_’ (Prompt. EETS., 261). - -=cleye,= a claw. Marlowe, tr. Lucan, bk. i, l. 36 from end; B. Jonson, -Underwoods, Eupheme, ix. 18; ‘The cleyes of a lobster’, Skinner (1671). -‘Cley’ is an E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Clee). ME. _cley_ of a -beast, ‘ungula’ (Prompt. EETS., 85, see note, no. 383). Cp. =clee.= - -=clicket,= to be _maris appetens_, to copulate. Massinger, Picture, iii. -4 (Eubulus); Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius); -Tusser, Husbandry, § 77. 9. As a hunting term, it had reference to the -fox and the wolf; see Turbervile, Hunting, c. 66, p. 186; c. 75, p. 205. - -=cliffe,= a clef, key, in music. Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 11; Gascoigne, Steel -Glas, 1. 159. F. _clef_. - -=clift,= a cliff. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 79; p. 90, col. 1; _clifte_, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 23. The E. Anglian form (EDD.). - -=clighte;= see =clitch.= - -=Clim of the Clough,= a proverbially famous archer. Clement of the Glen, -in the ballad of Adam Bell. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. Hazlitt, i. 72; B. -Jonson, Alchemist, i (Face). _Clem a Clough_, Drayton, Pastorals, vi. -36. - -=clinch;= see =clench.= - -=cling,= to cause to shrink, shrivel; ‘Till famine cling thee’, Macbeth, -v. 5. 40. Cp. prov. use in Ireland and in the north of England, where -the word means to wither, contract, also, of cattle, to become thin from -want of proper food, see EDD. (s.v. Cling, vb.^{1} 4). ME. _clyngyn_, to -shrink, to shrivel (Prompt.). OE. _clingan_, ‘marcere’ (Ælfric). - -=clip,= to embrace. Wint. Tale, v. 2. 59; Coriolanus, i. 6. 29; iv. 5. -115. Still in use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _clippen_ -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. lii. 1344). OE. _clyppan_. - -=clip,= to go fast, to run swiftly. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 86. A Suffolk -use; see EDD. (s.v. Clip, vb.^{2} 11). - -=clipped,= uttered aloud; ‘Thy clipped name’, Middleton, The Witch, ii. -2 (near the end). See =clepe.= - -=clips, clyps,= ‘eclipse’. Berners, tr. of Froissart, ch. 130. Common in -the north (EDD.). ME. _Clypps_ of þe son or þe mone, ‘eclipsis’ -(Prompt.). - -=clitch,= to bend, clench (the fist). Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 145 -(NED.); _clighte_, pp., Bossewell, Armorie, ii. 119^{b}. Cp. the west -country _clitch_, to grasp tightly (EDD.). OE. _clycchan_, pp. -_geclyht_. - -=clogdogdo,= a term of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. 1 (Otter). -A nonce-word. - -=close fight,= a sea term; a kind of screen used in a naval engagement. -Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). See =fights.= - -=closh, clash,= the name of an old game, played with a ball or bowl. -Spelt _claisshe_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 8. See -Cowell’s Interpreter and Strutt’s Sports. _Closh_ was orig. the name of -the bowl. Du. _klos_, a wooden Boule (Hexham). - -=closure,= bound, limit, circuit. Richard III, iii. 3. 11; an -entrenchment, fortress, Greene, Looking Glasse (ed. 1861, p. 123); -Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 296. OF. _closure_, confine, limits (Dialoge -Greg., 74); Late L. _clausura_, a castle, fort (Justinian). - -=clote,= the yellow water-lily; _Nuphar lutea_. Fletcher, Faithful -Shepherdess, ii. 2. 12. Still in use in the south-west of England, see -EDD. (s.v. Clote, (1)). OE. _clāte_, which was the name of various -plants resembling the burdock, see NED. - -=clottered,= clotted. Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 14; _‘Congrée_, -congealed, clottered’, Cotgrave. Du. _kloteren_, or _klonteren_, ‘to -curdle or growe thick as milke doth’ (Hexham). See =cluttered.= - -=clout,= a piece of cloth or linen, a rag. Hamlet, ii. 2. 537; Richard -III, i. 3. 177; hence, _clouted_, patched, BIBLE, Joshua ix. 5. In prov. -use, esp. in the north, see EDD. (s.v. Clout, sb.^{1} 3). - -=clout,= a square piece of canvas, which formed the mark to be aimed at, -at the archery butts, L. L. L. iv. 1. 138; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52. - -=clout,= to cuff heavily, BIBLE, 2 Sam. xxii. 39; _clouted_, pp. hit, -Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, iii. 7. 1. In gen. vulgar use, see -EDD. (s.v. Clout, vb.^{2} 1). - -=clouted;= of cream: clotted, by scalding milk. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Nov., 99; Borde, Dyetarie, 267. A Devon word (EDD.). - -=clowre,= grassy surface, turf. In pl. _clowres_; Golding, Metam. iv. -301. (L. _cespite_); viii. 756 (L. _terram_). ME. _clowre_, grassy -ground (Lydgate). - -=cloy,= to prick a horse with a nail in shoeing; ‘I cloye a horse, I -drive a nayle in to the quycke of his foote, _jencloue_’, Palsgrave; to -pierce as with a nail, to gore, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 48; to spike a -gun, Beaumont and Fl., The False One, v. 4 (Photinus). OF. _cloyer_ (F. -_clouer_), to nail, deriv. of OF. _clo_ (F. _clou_), a nail. - -=cloyer,= a pick-pocket’s accomplice. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Moll). See Nares. - -=cloyne,= a clown, rustic. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 44. The word -_clown_ (_cloyne_) was a late introduction from some Low German source, -originally meaning ‘clod, lump’, see NED. - -=cloyne, cloine,= to act deceitfully or fraudulently. Bale, Sel. Wks. -(ed. 1849, p. 170 (NED.)); to take furtively, to steal away, Phaer, tr. -Aeneid, vi. 524; vii. 364. Probably the same word as OF. _cluigner_, -_clugner_, _cluyner_ (F. _cligner_), to wink, often as the expression of -secret understanding, cunning, or hypocrisy. See NED. - -=club,= a country fellow; ‘Homely and playn clubbes of the countrey’, -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 14; ‘Hertfordshire clubs and clouted -shoon’, Ray, Eng. Proverbs, 310. Cp. ME. _clubbyd_, ‘rudis’ (Prompt.). - -=clubfist,= a thick-fisted ruffian. Mirror for Magistrates, Sabrine, st. -10. - -=clubs!= A popular cry to call out the London apprentices, who had clubs -for their weapons; also, a cry to call out citizens; as in Romeo, i. 1. -80. There are frequent allusions to this cry; ‘Cry _clubs_ for -prentices’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 (All). - -=clunch,= a clodhopper; ‘_Casois_, a countrey clown, boore, clunch, -hinde’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Cumberland, Lancashire, and E. Yorks. -(EDD.). See NED. - -=clunch,= to clench; ‘His fist is clunched’, Earle, Microcosmographie, § -20; ed. Arber, p. 41. - -=clunged,= drawn together by the action of cold; ‘By the Northern winds -. . . clunged and congealed withall’, Holland, Pliny, i. 513; ‘The Earth -made clunged with the cold of winter’, B. Googe, Heresbach’s Husb. -(NED.). - -=cluttered,= clotted. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Alberto); -‘_Engrommelé_, clotted, cluttered, curded thick’, Cotgrave. In prov. use -in Cheshire and Shropshire (EDD.). See =clottered.= - -=cly= (thieves’ cant), to seize, take; to steal (NED.). Phr. _to cly the -Jerk_, to be whipped, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman); -Harman, Caveat, p. 84. In Lower Rhenish dialect _klauen_ (_kläuen_, -_kleuen_) is used in the sense of ‘steal’. See NED. - -=coals:= phr. _to carry coals_, to be very servile, to submit to -insults. Romeo, i. 1. 2. See =colcarrier.= - -=coal-sleck,= coal-dust. Drayton, Pol. iii. 280. Cp. prov. E. _sleck_, -slack, small coal. - -=coart,= to confine, restrain; ‘Streatly coarted’, Skelton, Why come ye -not, 438; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 138. L. _co-arctare_, to compress, -from _arctus_, close. - -=coast, cost=(=e,= the side. Spenser, M. Hubberd, 294; the border, -frontier of a country, BIBLE, Mark vii. 31; Judges i. 18; phr. _on even -coast_, on even terms, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 17. OF. _coste_ (F. -_côte_). - -=coast,= to keep by the side of a person moving. Fletcher and Rowley, -Maid Mill, i. 1; to march on the flank of, Berners, Froissart, i. 40. -55; to move in a roundabout course, _fig._ Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 38; to -skirt, Milton, P. L. iv. 782; spelt _cost_, to approach, Spenser, -Daphnaida, st. 6; Venus and Adonis, 870. - -=coat;= see =cote.= - -=coat-card,= a playing card bearing a ‘coated’ figure (king, queen, or -knave). In regular use till the Revolution, 1688; afterwards perverted -into _Court-card_. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Madrigal). Also, -_coat_, Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Cook); B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1. - -=coath,= to faint, to swoon away. Skinner, 1671 (a Lincoln word); ‘To -coath (swoon away), _Animo linqui, deficere_’, Coles, 1679. ‘Coath’ is -still used in this sense in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _cothe_, or swownyng, -‘sincopa’ (Prompt.). OE. _coðu_, disease; cp. _coe_, a word for a -disease of sheep, cattle in W. Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coe, sb.^{1} 1). -See =quoth.= - -=cob,= the head of a red herring. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. (Wks., -1873, ii. 147); ‘A herring cob, _la teste d’un harang sor_’, Sherwood. - -=cob, cobbe,= a wealthy man; a miser; ‘Ryche cobbes’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 149; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, ii. 27 (NED.). - -=cobbe,= a male swan; ‘The hee swanne is called the cobbe, and the -she-swanne the penne’, Best, Farm. Bks. (ed. 1856, p. 122). Hence -_cob-swan_, B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia). ‘Cob’ is still in use -in Norfolk (EDD.). - -=cockal=(=l,= a knucklebone of a sheep, with which boys played -‘knucklebones’. Herrick, The Temple, 59; the game played, Cotgrave (s.v. -_Tales_). See Nares. - -=cockall,= a paragon, a pattern, of supreme excellence; ‘He was the very -cockall of a husband’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2. 6. - -=cockatrice,= a name for the basilisk, a serpent supposed to kill by its -mere glance, and to be hatched from a cock’s egg. BIBLE, Isaiah lix. 5; -Romeo, iii. 2. 47; applied to a woman of loose life, B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Rev. iv. 1; Killigrew’s Pandora (Nares). Orig. a name for the -crocodile. OF. _caucatris_ (_cocatris_), crocodile; Med. L. -_caucatrices_, ‘crocodili’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. _calcatris_, -crocodile (Levy). See NED. - -=cock-a-two,= cock of two, a cock that has conquered two, a conqueror of -two. Little French Lawyer, ii. 3 (La Writ). See Nares. - -=cockers,= leggings, gaiters. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of -Dowsabel, l. 59. In prov. use from the north country to the W. Midlands -and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _cokeres_ (P. Plowman, C. Text, ix. 59). -Probably the same word as OE. _cocor_, a quiver. - -=cocket,= a ship’s certificate that goods for export had paid duty. -Gascoigne, Steel Glas, ll. 258, 1058. Anglo-F. _cokette_, app. the seal -with which the certificate was assured (Rough List). - -=cocket,= pert, saucy, stuck up. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 5 (song); -Coles Dict. 1677. In prov. use from north country to the W. Midlands, -meaning ‘pert, saucy’, also, ‘brisk, merry, lively’ (EDD.). - -=cockledemois,= pl. (perhaps) a natural product of some kind -representing money. Chapman, Mask of the Middle Temple, § 2. (Not found -elsewhere, except as Cockledemoy, the name of a knave in Marston’s Dutch -Courtezan). Dr. H. Bradley suggests that this word may represent Port. -_coquílho de moeda_; _coquílho_, fruit of an Indian palm; _moeda_, -money. - -=cockloche,= a term of reproach or contempt, a mean fellow, a silly -coxcomb. Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Clare); spelt _cocoloch_, -Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Triumph of Honour, sc. 1 -(Nicodemus). F. _coqueluche_, a hood, also a person who is all the -vogue. See Dict. de l’Acad. (1762). - -=Cock Lorel,= the name of the owner and captain of the boat containing -jovial reprobates of all trades in a sarcastic poem, Cocke Lorelles -Bote, printed _c._ 1515; used also allusively with the sense of ‘rogue’; -‘Here is fyrst, Cocke Lorell the Knyght’ (ed. 1843, p. 4); ‘Cock-Lorrell -would needs have the Devill his guest’, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metam. -(Song). See =Lorel.= - -=cockney,= (1) a cockered child, a child tenderly brought up, hence (2) -a squeamish, foppish, effeminate fellow. (1) Tusser, Husbandry, 183; -Baret, Alvearie, C. 729; (2) Twelfth Nt. iv. 1. 15; a squeamish woman, -King Lear, ii. 4. 123. ME. _cokenay_, an effeminate person (Chaucer, C. -T. A. 4208); _coknay_, ‘delicius’ (Prompt.). - -=cockqueene;= the same as =cuckquean.= - -=cockshut time,= twilight. Richard III, v. 3. 70. The twilight, or dim -light in which woodcocks could most easily be caught in _cockshuts_. A -_cockshut_, or _cockshoot_, was a broadway or glade in a wood, through -which woodcocks might dart or _shoot_, and in which they might be caught -with nets; see EDD. ‘A fine _cock-shoot_ evening’, Middleton, The Widow, -iii. 1. 6; cp. Arden of Feversham, iii. 2. 47. - -=cocksure,= absolutely secure. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Court, 279; -Conflict of Conscience, iii. 3. 1 (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 67); with -absolute security, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94. - -=cocoloch;= see =cockloche.= - -=cocted,= boiled. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. _coctus_, pp. -of _coquere_, to cook. - -=cod,= a bag, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 2 (Corin); a civet-bag, musk-bag, B. -Jonson, Epigrams, xix; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). OE. -_codd_, a bag. - -=coddle,= to parboil, to stew; ‘To codle, _coctillo_’, Coles, Dict. -1679; ‘I’ll have you coddled’ (alluding to ‘Prince Pippin’), Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 31. See Dict. In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Coddle, vb.^{3} 1). - -=codes!, coads-nigs!, cuds me!,= ejaculations of surprise, no doubt -orig. profane. _Codes! Codes!_, Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, i. 2 -(Diagoras). _Coads-nigs!,_ Middleton, Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Freedom); -_Cuds me_, ib. (Lucre). - -=cod’s-head,= a stupid fellow, a blockhead. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, -v. 2 (Cat. Bountinall). In prov. use in Derbysh. (EDD.). - -=coffin,= pie-crust, raised crust of a pie. B. Jonson, Staple of News, -ii. 1 (Pennyboy sen.); Titus And. v. 2. 189. So in prov. use in -Lincolnsh. and Hertfordsh., see EDD. (s.v. Coffin, 5). - -=coft=(=e,= _pp._ bought. Mirror for Magistrates, Clarence, st. 49; -Dalrymple, Leslie’s Hist. Scotland (NED.). M. Dutch _coft_(_e_, pret., -and _gecoft_ (mod. _gecocht_), pp. of _copen_, to buy (Verdam); cp. G. -_kaufen_. - -=cog,= to cheat, deceive, Much Ado, v. 1. 95; to employ feigned -flattery, to fawn. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 76; Richard III, i. 3. 48. Still -in use in Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Cog, vb.^{4} 2). - -=cogge,= a kind of ship; chiefly, a ship for transport. Morte Arthur, -leaf 82, back, 30; bk. v, c. 3; _cogg_, a cock-boat, Fairfax, tr. of -Tasso, xiv. 58. OF. _cogue_ (Godefroy). - -=coggle,= _to coggle in_, to flatter continually. Jacob and Esau, ii. 3 -(Mido). See =cog.= - -=cohobation,= a process in alchemy; a repeated distillation. B. Jonson, -Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). See NED. - -=coil, coyle,= to beat, thrash; ‘I shall coil them’, Jacob and Esau, v. -4 (near the end); Roister Doister, iii. 3, l. 7 from end; ‘I coyle ones -kote, I beate hym, _je bastonne_,’ Palsgrave. Hence _coiling_, a -beating, Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 15. ‘Coil’ has still this -meaning in Northumberland, see EDD. (s.v. Coil, vb.^{3}). - -=Cointree,= Coventry. _Cointree blue_, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; -Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 63. - -†=coistered;= ‘There were those at that time who, to try the strength of -a man’s back and his arm, would be coister’d’, Marston, Malcontent, v. -1. 10. Meaning unknown. - -=coistril,= used as a term of contempt, a low varlet; spelt _coystrill_ -Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 43; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2. 137 -(Downright). Cp. _coistrel_, in use in the north country in the sense of -a raw, inexperienced lad (EDD.); ‘A coistrel, _adolescentulus_’, Coles -Dict. 1679. - -=cokes,= a simpleton, dupe. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); -Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug); spelt _cox_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. -Weapons, iii. 1 (Oldcraft). - -=cokes,= to coax. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8; p. 36. - -=colberteen,= a kind of open lace, like network. Congreve, Way of the -World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Swift, Cadenus and Vanessa, 418. Named from -‘Colbert, Superintendent of the French King’s Manufactures’ (Fop’s Dict. -1690). See NED. - -=colcarrier, colecarier,= a coal-carrier, a low dependant, cringing -sycophant; lit. one who will carry coals for another. Golding, tr. of -Ovid, The Epistle, p. 2, l. 86. See =coals.= - -=Cold-harbour, Cole-arbour,= an old building in Dowgate Ward. Westward -Ho, iv. 2 (Justinians); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 3 (Morose); -Middleton, A Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Lucre). For an account of the great -house called Cold Harbrough, see Stow’s Survey, Dowgate Ward (ed. Thoms, -88. 89). - -=cole, coal,= money. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Shamwell). _To post the cole_, to pay the money. See NED. (s.v. Cole, -sb.^{3}). - -=coleharth,= a coal-hearth, or place where a fire has been made; ‘An -Harte passeth by some _coleharthes_ . . . the hote sent of the fire -smoothreth the houndes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; pp. 114-15. - -=coleprophet;= see =col-prophet.= - -=coles:= in phr. _precious coles_, a kind of minced oath. Gascoigne, -Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 80); Return from Parnassus (ed. Arber, 50). See -NED. (s.v. Precious). - -=colestaff;= see =cowl-staff.= - -=colice,= a strong broth, a ‘cullis’. Lyly, Campaspe, iii. 5 (Apelles). -F. ‘_coulis_, a cullis or broth of boyled meat strained’ (Cotgr.). - -=coll,= to embrace. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Spenser, F. Q. -iii. 2. 34; an embrace, Middleton, The Witch, i. 2. Still in use in -Dorset and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coll, vb.^{1}). OF. _coler_ (La -Curne), deriv. of _col_ (F. _cou_), neck. - -=colle-pixie,= a goblin, mischievous sprite. Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Diogenes, § 99. For _colt-pixy_, a sprite in the form of a colt, which -neighs and misleads horses in bogs, a word known in Hants. and Dorset, -the Dorset form is _cole-pexy_, see EDD. (s.v. Colt-pixy). - -=collet,= the part of a ring in which the stone is set. C. Tourneur, -Revengers’ Tragedy, i. 1 (Duchess); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 18. Cp. F. -_collet_, a collar (Cotgr.). - -=collocavit,= used grotesquely to denote some kitchen utensil. Udall, -Roister Doister, iv. 7 (Merygreek). There seems to be an allusion to -=collock,= q.v. - -=collock,= a large pail; ‘Collock, an old word for a Pail’, Phillips, -Coles, 1677. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _colok_, ‘canterus’ (Voc. -771. 30). - -=collogue,= to deal flatteringly with any one; ‘_Trainer sa parole_, to -collogue, to flatter, fawn on’, Cotgrave; to feign agreement, Marston -and Webster, Malcontent, v. 2; to have a private understanding with, -‘They collogued together’, Wood, Life (ed. 1772, p. 172). In prov. use -in many parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland in three senses: (1) to -talk confidentially, (2) to flatter, to wheedle, (3) to plot together -for mischief (EDD.). Cp. L. _colloq-_ in _colloquium_, with change to -_collogue_ under the influence of _dialogue_, _duologue_, &c. - -=collow,= to make black or dirty with coal-dust or soot; Middleton, -Family of Love, iii. 3. 2; ‘_Poisler_, to collow, smut, begryme’, -Cotgrave; ‘I colowe, I make blake with a cole’, Palsgrave. A Cheshire -word, see EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). ME. _colwen_, cp. _colwyd_, -‘carbonatus’ (Prompt. EETS. 91). Cp. =colly.= - -=colly,= to blacken. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. -145; ‘to colly, _denigro_’, Coles, Dict. 1679. In prov. use in various -parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). See =collow.= - -=colon,= the largest human intestine. _To satisfy colon_, to satisfy -one’s hunger, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Belgarde); _to pacify -colon_, id., Picture, ii. 1 (Hilario). - -=colour,= a pretence, appearance of right. Two Gent. iv. 2. 3; Wint. -Tale, iv. 4. 566; _colours_, ensigns, standards, 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 31; -_to fear no colours_, to fear no flags, no enemy, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 6. - -=colour de roy,= bright tawny. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Balurdo). -F. ‘_couleur de roy_, was in old time, Purple; but now is the bright -Tawny, which we also tearm Colour de Roy’ (Cotgr.). - -=colpheg,= to buffet or cuff, Edwards, Damon and Pithias, Anc. Eng. -Drama, i. 85, col. 1; in Dodsley (ed. 1780, i. 209). See NED. (s.v. -Colaphize). - -=colprophet,= a sorcerer, fortune-teller. Mirror for Magistrates, -Glendour, st. 31 and st. 34; spelt _coleprophet_, J. Heywood, Prov. and -Epigr. (ed. 1867, p. 17). - -=colstaff, colestaff;= see =cowl-staff.= - -=colt,= to befool, to ‘take in’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 39; Beaumont and Fl., -Wit without Money, iii. 2. From _colt_ (a young horse), used humorously -for a young or inexperienced person, one easily taken in. Cp. the prov. -use of ‘to colt’, meaning to make a newcomer pay his footing, see EDD. -(s.v. Colt, vb.^{1} 12). - -=comand,= coming. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A northern form. - -=come off,= to pay money, pay a debt. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1 -Court.); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 (end); Merry Wives, iv. 3. 12. - -=com’esta,= how is it? how goes it with you? Massinger, Virgin Martyr, -ii. 3 (Spungius). Span. _cómo está?_, how is it? - -=commandador,= a lieutenant; compared to a common sergeant. B. Jonson, -Volpone, iv. 1 (Sir Pol.). Span. _comendador_, ‘a commander, lieutenant’ -(Minsheu). The Span. vb. _comendar_ orig. meant ‘to commend’. - -=commandments, ten,= ten fingers, or two fists; jocularly. 2 Hen. VI, i. -3. 145; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 63. [‘Be busy with the ten -commandments’, Longfellow, Span. Student, iii. 2 (Cruzado).] Cp. Span. -_los diez mandamiéntos_, the ten commandments; ironically, the ten -fingers (Stevens). - -=commedle,= to commix, mingle. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 25. - -=commence,= to take the full degree of Master or Doctor in any faculty -at a University; _to commence doctor_, to take a doctor’s degree, -Massinger, Emp. of the East, ii. 1 (Chrysapius); Duke of Milan, iv. 1 -(Graccho). - -=commencement,= the great public ceremony, esp. at Cambridge, when -degrees are conferred at the end of the academical year. Brewer, Lingua, -iv. 2 (Common Sense); ‘In Oxford this solemnitie is called an Act, but -in Cambridge they use the French word Commensement’, Harrison, Descr. -England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, 75). - -=commodity,= wares, merchandise; esp. a parcel of goods sold on credit -by a usurer to a needy person, who immediately raised some cash by -reselling them at a lower price, often to the usurer himself; ‘He’s in -for a commodity of brown paper and old ginger’, Measure for M. iv. 3. 5; -advantage, profit, ‘I will turn diseases to commodity’, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2 -(end); Bacon, Essay 41, § 1. - -=communicate,= to share in, partake of; ‘Thousands that communicate our -loss’, B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tib.). - -=communication,= conversation, talk. BIBLE, Luke xxiv. 17; Eph. iv. 29; -this rendering of the Gk. λόγος is due to Tyndal, ‘communicacion’; -‘(Cardinal Morton), gentill in communication’, More, Utopia (ed. Arber, -36). - -=companiable,= sociable, companionable. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. -217. ME. _companyable_, ‘socialis’ (Prompt.). A deriv. of OF. _compain_, -orig. nom. of _compagnon_; Anglo-F. _cumpainz_ (Ch. Rol. 285). - -=companion,= used as term of contempt, a fellow. Com. of Errors, iv. 4. -64; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 102. Cp. the use of _kumpân_ (OF. _compain_) in -the MLG. poem Reinke de Vos, 1984 (ed. Bartsch, p. 293). - -=compass,= to obtain, win (an object). Two Gent. ii. 4. 214; Pericles, -i. 2. 24; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 28. - -=compass,= range, arc described by an arrow. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, -ii. 2 (Somerton); Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 145). - -=complement,= that which goes to ‘complete’ the character of a gentleman -in regard to external appearance or demeanour. Hen. V, ii. 2. 134; B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Carlo). - -=complimentary,= a master of defence, who published works upon the -compliments and ceremonies of duelling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. -2 (Crites). - -=compromit,= to submit, esp. to submit to a compromise. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. F. _compromettre_, to put unto compromise -(Cotgr.). - -=compter,= a ‘counter’, for children to play with. Conflict of -Conscience, iv. 5 (Conscience); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 108. - -=comptible,= liable to give an ‘account’ of, sensitive to. Twelfth Nt. -i. 5. 186. - -=comrogue,= a fellow-rogue. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1. 10; B. Jonson, -Masque of Augurs (Groom). A jocular word; for _comrade_. Also -_comrague_, Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (1 Soldier); Heywood and Brome, -Lancashire Witches, 1634 (sig. K., Dyce). - -=con:= phr. _to con thanks_, to acknowledge thanks, to be grateful. -All’s Well, iv. 3. 174; Timon, iv. 3. 428. See NED. (s.v. Con, vb.^{1} -4). - -=con.,= short for _contra_, against; ‘Now for the con’, Beaumont and -Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet). Cp. the phrase _pro_ and _con_. - -=concavite,= concave or hollow sphere of the sky; ‘Where is become that -azure _concavite_?’ (riming with _infinite_), Mirror for Mag., Robert of -Normandy, st. 113. - -=conceit,= what is conceived in the mind, conception, idea. Othello, -iii. 3. 115; Merch. Venice, iii. 4. 2; faculty of conceiving, mental -capacity, As You Like It, v. 2. 60; imagination, fancy, 2 Hen. IV, ii. -4. 263; used of articles of fanciful design, Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 33. - -=conceited,= full of imagination or fancy; ‘The conceited painter’, -Lucrece, 1371; disposed to playful fancy, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. -3 (Ariosto); B. Jonson, Every Man in Humour, iii. 2. 29; curiously -designed, Chapman, Homer, Iliad ix, 85; _conceitedly_, ingeniously, -Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 3 (Vortigern). - -=conceive,= to understand, to take the meaning of (a person); ‘Nay, -conceive me, conceive me, sweet Coz’, Merry Wives, i. 1. 250; Spenser, -State Ireland (Works, Globe ed. 666). - -=concent,= harmony, concord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 5; (_consent_), -Hen. V, i. 2. 181. L. _concentus_, a singing together. - -=concinnitie,= harmony, congruity, propriety. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. i, c. 20, § last but one. L. _concinnitas_. - -=conclusions, to try,= to try experiments, or an experiment. Hamlet, -iii. 4. 195; Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 1 (near end). - -=concrew,= to grow together. Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40. Cp. F. -_concrû_, pp. of _concroítre_. - -=cond,= taught. Only in Drayton, Pol. xii. 206. See NED. (s.v. Con, -vb.^{1} 5). - -=condiscend,= for _condescent_, acquiescence, agreement, consent; lit. -condescension. Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 14. 17. - -=condition,= provision, stipulation; = on condition that, Tr. and Cr. i. -2. 78; Massinger, Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); Shirley, Young Admiral, -iii. 2 (Fabio); mental disposition, temper, character, Merch. Ven. i. 2. -143; Hen. V, v. 1. 83. - -=condog,= to concur, ‘_Concurre_? _condogge_?’, Lyly, Gallathea, i. 1 -(Raffe); ‘To agree, _concurre_, _cohere_, _condog_’; Cockeram’s Dict. -(1642), second part. A whimsical alteration of _concur_, made by -substituting _dog_ for _cur_. The usual tale about this word is wholly -without foundation; see NED. - -=conduct,= conductor. Richard II, iv. 157; Romeo, iii. 1. 129; v. 3. -116. - -=conduction,= guidance, leadership. North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, -§ 21 (in Shak. Plut., p. 40, n. 7); Robinson, tr. of Utopia, bk. ii; ed. -Arber, p. 138. L. _conductio_; from _conducere_, to conduct. - -=coney,= a rabbit. In compounds: _Cony-burrow_, a rabbit-warren, Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando), spelt _coney borough_, B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay); _coney-catch_, to cheat, dupe, Merry -Wives, i. 1. 128; Humour out of Breath, iv. 3 (Hortensio); -_conie-catcher_, a cheat, Sir Thos. More, i. 4. 205; _coney-garth_, a -rabbit-warren, Palsgrave; spelt _cony gat_, Peele, Works (ed. Dyce, p. -579); _conyger_, Horman, Vulgaria (NED.); _conygree_, Turbervile, -Venerie, 184. For etymology of these ‘coney’ words see NED. - -=confine,= to send beyond the confines, to banish. Webster, Appius, v. 3 -(Virginius). Dyce gives five more examples, all from Heywood. And see -Dyce’s Webster, p. 375. - -=confins,= inhabitants of adjacent regions. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i, c. 20, § 12. L. _confines_, pl., neighbours. - -=confluent,= affluent, abounding in. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad ix, -157. In this sense found only here. - -=congee,= a bow; orig. at taking one’s leave. Dryden, Prol. to The Loyal -Brother, 25; Marlowe, Edward II, v. 4; to take ceremonious leave, ‘I -have congied with the Duke’, All’s Well, iv. 3. 103. OF. _congie_, leave -of absence, dismission. See Dict. - -=conglobate,= gathered as into a globe, compressed. Dryden, Death of -Lord Hastings, 35. - -=congrue,= fitting, suitable; ‘Congrue Latine’, Latin that can be -parsed, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. _congru_ -(Littré); L. _congruus_, agreeing, suitable. - -=congrue,= to agree, accord. Hen. V, i. 2. 182 (Qu.); Hamlet, iv. 3. 66 -(Qq.). L. _congruere_. - -=conjure,= to call upon solemnly, to adjure. Two Gent. ii. 7. 2; Hamlet, -iv. 3. 67; to influence by incantation, or the adjuring of spirits, -Timon, i. 1. 7; to swear together, to conspire, Milton, P. L. ii. 693; -Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 26. - -=consilliadory,= pl. councillors. City Nightcap, i. 1 (Abstemia); iii. 1 -(Lorenzo). Ital. _consigliatori_, pl.; from _consiglio_, council. - -=consort,= a ‘concert’ of musical instruments. Webster, Devil’s -Law-case, 1. 23 from the end; Northward Ho, ii. 1; Beaumont and Fl., -King and No King, v. 2 (Lygones). - -=conster,= to construe; a common spelling in old editions of -Shakespeare, &c. - -=consumedly,= excessively; ‘I believe they talked of me; for they -laughed consumedly’, Farquhar, Beaux Stratagem, iii. 1 (Scrub); -consumedly in love’, id., iii. 2 (Scrub). - -=conteck,= strife, discord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 64; Shep. Kal., May, -163; Sept., 86. ME. _contek_, strife (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2003, B. 4122). -Anglo-F. _contec_, ‘débat, querelle’ (Moisy); contention (Gower, Mirour, -4647). See Dict. M. and S. - -=continent,= one of the concentric ‘spheres’ in the Ptolemaic system of -astronomy; each hollow crystal sphere carried with it one of the seven -planets that revolved round the earth, each planet being attached to the -concave surface of its own sphere. ‘As true . . . as doth that orbed -continent [that spherical solar shell retain] the fire That severs day -from night’ [i.e. the sun], Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 278; ‘Nor doth the moon no -nourishment exhale From her moist continent to higher orbs’ (i.e. from -her own sphere to the spheres beyond), Milton, P. L. v. 422; ‘All -subject under Luna’s continent’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1148); -scene 9. 62 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D); ‘Luna, . . . trembling upon her -concave continent’, iv. 1 (1543); scene 11. 15 (W.); p. 172, col. 1 -(D.). Cp. ‘Judging the concave circle of the sun To hold the rest in his -circumference’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1122); scene 9. 36 (W.); p. -167, col. 1 (D.). - -=contrive,= to wear out, to spend; ‘Three ages, such as mortall men -contrive’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 48; Tam. Shrew, i. 2. L. _contrivi_, -pt. t. of _conterere_, to wear away; cp. ‘totum hunc contrivi diem’, -Terence, Hec. 5. 3. 17. Not the same word as mod. E. _contrive_. See -Nares. - -=conundrum,= a whim, crotchet, conceit. B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 7 -(Volpone). - -=convent,= to convene, summon together, summon. Coriolanus, ii. 2. 59; -Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. - -=convert,= to cause to return, to bring back; ‘Or if I stray he doth -convert, And bring my minde in frame’, Herbert, Temple, Ps. xxiii; to -turn aside from (intrans.), ‘When thou from youth convertest’, Sh. Sonn. -xi. - -=convertite,= a professed convert to a religious faith, Marlowe, Jew of -Malta, i. 2 (Barabas); a person converted to a better course of action, -King John, v. 1. 19. - -=convey,= a cant term for to steal. Merry Wives, i. 3. 52; Richard II, -v. 317. Hence _conveyance_, trickery, artifice, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 160. - -=convince,= to overcome, overpower; ‘I will with wine and wassal so -convince’, Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 21; to prove a -person to be guilty, ‘Which of you convinceth mee of sinne?’ BIBLE, John -viii. 46; Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 129; Webster, Appius and Virg. v. 3; Mirror -for Mag., Glocester. st. 43; to refute in argument, ‘It sufficeth to -convince atheism, but not to inform religion’, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. -681. - -=convive,= one who feasts with others, a table-companion. Beaumont, -Psyche, x. 211; to feast together, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 272. F. _convive_, -a guest; L. _conviva_, one who lives or feasts with others. - -=cony;= see =coney.= - -=cooling card,= a winning card in a card-game, that dashes the hopes of -the adversary. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 84; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, -ii. 2 (Flavia). - -=copartiment,= a compartment, panel. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 -(last line). Ital. _compartimento_, a partition. - -=copatain hat,= a high-crowned hat (?). Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 69; ‘A -copetain hatte made on a Flemmishe blocke’, Gascoigne, Works, i. 375. -Prob. the same as _copintank_, _copentank_, a high-crowned hat in the -form of a sugar-loaf; ‘A high cop-tank hat,’ North, tr. of Plutarch, M. -Antonius, § 30. See NED. (s.v. Copintank). - -=cope,= a purchase, bargain. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 3 (351); scene 3. 5 -(W.); p. 157, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘cope’, a prov. word meaning to exchange, -barter, heard in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Cope, -vb.^{2} 1). Dutch _koop_, a sale, a buying. See Dict. (s.v. Cope, 3). - -=copel,= a small pot made of bone-ash, used for melting gold or silver. -Sir T. Browne, Urn-burial, ch. iii, § 18. Spelt _coppell_, Bacon, Sylva, -§ 799. F. _coupelle_, ‘a Coppell, the little Ashen pot or vessel wherein -Goldsmiths melt or fine their Metals’ (Cotgr.); see Estienne, -Précellence, 142 (Lexique-Index, 400). _Coupelle_ is a deriv. of -_coupe_, a cup. Med. L. _cuppa_ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Cupel). - -=copeman,= a chapman. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.). See =cope.= - -=copemate, copesmate,= a person with whom one ‘copes’ or contends, an -adversary. Golding, Metam. xii (ed. 1593, 279); Chapman, All Fools, ii -(Valerio); a companion, comrade, Greene, Upstart Courtier (ed. 1871, 4), -used _fig._ Lucrece, 925; _female copesmate_, mistress, paramour, B. -Jonson, Every Man, iv. 10 (Knowell). - -=coppe,= the top, summit. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 202. 18; lf. 232, -back, 26. Hence _copped_, peaked, Pericles, i. 1. 101; ‘High-copt hats’, -Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. ME. cop: ‘the cop of the hill’ (Wyclif, -Luke iv. 29). OE _copp_. - -=copy,= abundance, copiousness. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 -Carlo); Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Placentia). L. _copia_. - -=copy,= copyhold, tenure of land ‘by copy’, i.e. according to the ‘copy’ -of the manorial court-roll, used _fig._ Macbeth, iii. 2. 38. - -=coracine,= a kind of fish like a perch, found in the Nile. Middleton, -Game at Chess, v. 3. 10. L. _coracinus_, Gk. κορακῖνος, from κόραξ, a -raven, from its black colour. - -=corant;= see =courant.= - -=coranto,= a quick dance. Hen. V, iii. 5. 33; Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, -iii. 2 (Kickshaw). Ital. _coranto_, ‘a kinde of French dance’ (Florio); -cp. F. _courante_, ‘a curranto’ (Cotgr.). See =courant.= - -=corasive,= a sharp remedy, severe reproach. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, -p. 154). See =corsive.= - -=corbe,= short for =corbel.= Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 6. - -=corbe, courbe,= bent, crooked. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 56. ME. -_courbe_ (Gower, C. A. i. 1687). F. _courbe_, L. _curvus_. - -=corbed up,= (prob.) controlled, as by a curb, curbed. Marston, Antonio, -Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo). - -=cordwain,= Spanish leather, orig. made at Cordova. Spenser, F. Q. vi. -2. 6; Drayton, Eclogues, iv. 177. Spelt _cordevan_, Fletcher, Faith. -Shepherdess, i. 1. 21. Span. _cordován_, Spanish leather (Stevens). - -=coresie,= vexation, a corroding, gnawing annoyance. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 19. 24. In prov. use in Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Corrosy). F. -_corrosif_ (Cotgr.); for the change of suffix, cp. _hasty_, the E. -representative of F. _hastif_. See =corsive.= - -=corned,= horned, peaked, pointed; said of shoes. Skelton, Maner of the -World, 26; Greene, Description of Chaucer, 13; ed. Dyce, p. 320. Cp. F. -_corné_, horned (Cotgr.). - -=cornel,= a little grain, granule; ‘Bread is of many _cornels_ -compounded’, Conflict of Conscience, iv. 1 (Philologus); in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 83. - -=cornel,= a javelin made of cornel-wood. Used to translate L. _cornus_, -Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 406. - -=cornelian,= the fruit of the cornel-tree. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1. - -=cornes,= pl. kinds of corn; corn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8, back, 4; -lf. 88. 14. - -=cornet,= a troop of horse; so called from its standard, which was a -long horn-shapen pennon. 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 25; Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 2. -41. F. _cornette_, ‘a Cornet of Horse; the Ensign of a horse-company’ -(Cotgr.). - -=cornet,= a head-dress formerly worn by ladies; ‘Her cornet blacke’, -Surrey, Complaint that his Ladie kept her face hidden, 2; in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 12. F. _cornette_, a horned head-dress; dim. of _corne_, a -horn. - -=cornet,= some kind of ornament (?); ‘With cornets at their footmen’s -breeches’, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 872. - -=cornuto,= a cuckold. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71. Ital. _cornuto_, a -cuckold; lit. ‘furnished with horns’ (Florio). - -=coronal,= a wreath of flowers, a garland. Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, -i. 1. 11; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53. - -=coronel,= a ‘colonel’. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 656, l. -9; _lieutenant-coronel_, B. Jonson, Every Man, iii. 5 (Knowell). Span. -_coronel_, Ital. _colonello_, ‘a Colonel of a Regiment’ (Florio); a -deriv. of _colonna_, cp. F. _colonne_ de troupes, a column, a formation -of troops narrow laterally and deep from front to rear; see Hatzfeld. - -=correption,= reproof, rebuke. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 30: -Augustus, § 12. L. _correptio_; deriv. of _corripere_, to reprove. - -=corrigidor, corregidor,= a Spanish magistrate. Machin, Dumb Knight, v. -1 (Cyprus); Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 13. 58. See Stanford. - -=corrol,= to crimson, to make like ‘coral’; ‘The . . . sunne _corrols_ -his cheeke’, Herrick, A Nuptial Verse to Mistress E. Lee, 4. - -=corser,= a dealer, esp. a horse-dealer. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 119. -15; spelt _courser_, Beaumont and Fl., The Captain, v. 1 (Father). ME. -_corser_, Wyclif, Works (ed. 1880, p. 172); _corsowre of horse_, ‘mange’ -(Prompt. 94), Anglo-F. _cossour_, A.D. 1310, see Riley’s Memorials of -London, Pref., p. xxii, Med. L. _cociatorem_, a broker, factor, dealer, -cp. _cocio_ (Ducange). The Ital. _cozzone_, a horse-courser (Florio), is -from _coctionem_, a later form of _cocionem_, see Diez, 112. - -=corsive,= for _corrosive_; anything that corrodes, grief, distress. B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1. 7; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 14; -Drayton, Barons’ Wars, iv. 14. See =coresie.= - -=cortine,= a curtain (military term); a plain wall in a fortification; -the wall between two bastions, &c. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. -Can.). F. _courtine_ (_cortine_), a curtain; and (in fortification) the -plainness of the wall between bulwark and bulwark (Cotgr.); in the same -sense Ital. _cortina_ (Florio). - -=coscinomancy,= divination by means of a sieve. From Gk. κόσκινον, a -sieve; and suffix _-mancy_, as in _necro-mancy_, &c. Hence the compound -_necro-puro-geo-hydro-cheiro-coscino-mancy_. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3 -(Alb.), where _puro-_ should be _pyro-_. Sometimes the sieve was -suspended by a thread; otherwise, it was used in conjunction with a pair -of shears, as described in Brand, Popular Antiq. iii. 351; cp. Butler, -Hudibras, ii, 3. 569. - -=coshering,= the right claimed by Irish chiefs of quartering themselves -upon their dependants. Davies, Why Ireland (ed. 1747, 169); feasting, -Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier); also, _coshery_, feasting, -Stanyhurst tr. Virgil, Aeneid i, 707. Spenser in his State of Ireland -mentions _cosshirh_ as one of the customary services claimed by the -Irish Lord (ed. Morris. 623). Ir. _cóisir_, feasting, entertainment -(Dinneen). ‘In modern times coshering means simply a friendly visit to a -neighbour’s house to have a quiet talk’, Joyce, English as we speak it -in Ireland, 240. - -=cosier;= see =cozier.= - -=cosset,= a pet lamb. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 42; also _fig._ B. -Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Mrs. Litt.). In prov. use in Glouc., E. -Anglia, and Kent, meaning a lamb or colt brought up by hand, also, an -indulged child, a pet animal (EDD.). - -=cost,= the rib of a ship. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Cymbal). -L. _costa_ (navium) (Pliny). - -=cost;= see =coast.= - -=costard,= the head. Applied jocularly to the head, as being like a very -large apple. ME. _costard_, an apple; lit. a ‘ribbed’ apple; from OF. -_coste_, L. _costa_, a rib. Hence _costard-monger_ or _coster-monger_, -orig. a seller of apples. See EDD. - -=coste,= to move beside; to keep up with a hunted animal. Morte Arthur, -leaf 382, back, 19; bk. xviii, c. 19. See =coast.= - -=cot, cott,= a little boat. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 9. Many places in -Ireland derive their names from this ‘cot’; see Joyce. Irish Names of -Places, i. 226. Still in use in the north of Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. -Cot, sb.^{4}). Irish _coit_, _coite_, a small boat, a skiff (Dinneen), -Gael. _coit_, a kind of canoe used on rivers (Macleod). - -=cote, coat= (in coursing), of one of two dogs running together: to pass -by its fellow so as to give the hare a turn (NED.); _fig._ to pass by, -to outstrip. Hamlet, ii. 2. 330; L. L. L. iv. 3. 87; Chapman, Iliad, -xxiii. 324; _coat_, the action of coting, Drayton, Pol. xxiii (ed. 1748, -p. 356). - -=cote,= to quote. Udall, Paraph. N.T., Pref. (NED.); Middleton, A Mad -World, i.2 (Cour.). - -=cothurnal,= tragic; ‘Cothurnal buskins’, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 -(Tucca). L. _cothurnus_; Gk. κόθορνος, a high boot. The _cothurnus_ was -worn by actors of tragedy. - -=cot-quean,= the housewife of a labourer’s hut. Nashe, Almond for -Parrat, 5; a coarse, vulgar, scolding woman, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 -(Jupiter addressing Juno); used contemptuously of a man who acts the -housewife, and busies himself unduly in household matters, Romeo, iv. 4. -9; Addison, Spect. (1712) No. 482; spelt _quot-quean_, Beaumont and Fl., -Love’s Cure, ii. 2. 6; _to play the cotqueane_, Heywood, Gunaik. iv. 180 -(NED.). Cp. use of _cot_ and _molly-cot_ in Cheshire and Yorkshire, see -EDD. (s.v. Cot, sb.^{1} 1). - -=Cotswold,= pronounced _Cotsal_ in Shaks., Fol. 1, Merry Wives, i. 1. -93; _a Cotsal man_, an athletic man, such as lived in the Cotswold -Hills, a district famous for athletic sports, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 23; _a -Cotsold lion_, a humorous expression for a sheep of that country, Udall, -Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 70), iv. 6 (Merygreek). ‘As fierce as a lion -of Cotswold, i.e. a sheep’, Fuller’s Worthies (Bohn’s Proverbs, 204). - -=cotton:= in phr. _this geer_ (or _gear_) _will cotton_, this stuff will -come to a good nap, this thing will succeed. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. -8 (Thomas); Middleton, Inner Temple Masque (Second Antimasque). - -=couch,= to place, arrange, order. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. -7, § 6; to cause to cower, Lucrece, 507; to place a lance in rest, 1 -Hen. VI, iii. 2. 134. - -=couch:= in phr. _to couch a hogshead_, to lie down and sleep. (Cant.) -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. - -=couchee,= an evening court-reception. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 516; -‘The King’s Couchée’, Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 1; the equivalent of -_Le Coucher du Roi_, or simply _Le Coucher_, the reception which -preceded the king’s going to bed. Cp. Dict. Acad. Fr. 1786 (s.v. -Coucher, s.m.), ‘Il se trouve au lever et au coucher du Roi.’ For the E. -form of the word compare our _levee_ for F. _lever_, ‘réception dans la -chambre d’un roi au moment où il se lève’ (Hatzfeld). - -=couch-quail, to play.= The same as _to couch as a quail_; to cower, -crouch down; see Thersytes, 20; Skelton, Speke Parrot, 420. Cp. -Chaucer’s ‘Thou shalt make him couche as dooth a quaille’ (C. T. E. -1206). - -=coul,= to trim the feather of an arrow along the top. Ascham, -Toxophilus, pp. 128, 129, 131, 133. Cp. _cowl_, to gather, collect, -scrape together, a north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, vb.^{2} 1). - -=could, coud, couth,= _pt. t._, knew, knew how to. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. -5; Shep. Kal., Jan., 10. (Common). See =can.= - -=couleuvre,= a snake. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 92. 21; spelt -_couleure_, id., lf. 91, back, 19. F. _couleuvre_. - -=countant,= accountant; liable to be called upon to give account. -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin). - -=countenance,= bearing, demeanour, behaviour; authority, favour, credit; -show of politeness. As You Like It, i. 1. 19; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 234; 1 -Hen. IV, i. 2. 33; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (end). The senses are -variable and elusive. - -=counter,= an encounter. Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 207. - -=counter,= a counter-tenor voice. Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (3 Clown). -See the context. - -=counter, compter,= a prison, chiefly for debtors, attached to a city -court; ‘One o’ your city pounds, the counters’, B. Jonson, Every Man, -ii. 1 (Downright). The sheriffs of London had each his compter; one was -in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street, Cheapside. There were three -degrees of rooms for the prisoners: those on the Master’s side (the -best), the Twopenny Ward, and the Hole (for the poorest), Middleton, -Roaring Girl, iii. 3 (Sir Alexander). Those in the Hole were fed from -‘the basket’; see =basket.= Note that, according to Gascoigne, there -were _three_ Counters, the third being in Bread Street. ‘In Woodstreat, -Bredstreat, and in Pultery’, Steel Glas, 791. In Stow’s Survey of London -‘the Compter in the Poultrie’ is mentioned (ed. Thoms, p. 99), and ‘the -Compter in Bread Street’ (ib., p. 131). - -=counterfeit,= a likeness, portrait, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 115; Timon, v. -1. 83. Phr. _a pair of counterfeits_, used in the sense of vamps, or -fore-parts of the upper leather of a shoe, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, -iv. 2 (Firk). - -=counterfesaunce,= counterfeiting, dissimulation. Spencer, F. Q. i. 8. -49; iv. 4. 27. OF. _contrefaisance_, counterfeiting (Godefroy). - -=countermure,= to wall round, to fence in. Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 7. -16. F. _contremurer_, Ital. ‘_contramurare_, to countermure’ (Florio). - -=counterpoint,= a counterpane for a bed. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 353. F. -‘_contrepoinct_, a quilt, counterpoint’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. -Counterpane). - -=counterscarf,= a ‘counterscarp’, or outer wall or slope of the ditch, -which supports the covered way of a fort. Heywood, Four Prentises -(Godfrey); vol. ii, p. 242; id. London’s Mirror, fourth Show. F. -_contrescarpe_ (Rabelais), Ital. _contrascarpa_; see Estienne, Préc. -351; _scarpa_, slope of a wall. - -=county,= a count, as a title, Romeo, i. 3. 105; Merch. Venice, i. 2. -48. (Frequent.) - -=couped,= cut, cut clean off, with a smooth edge (in heraldry). Butler, -Hudibras, iii. 3. 214. F. _couper_, to cut. - -=coupee,= a dance step; the dancer rests on one foot, and passes the -other forward or backward, with a sort of salutation. Wycherley, Gent. -Dancing-master, iii. 1; Steele, Tender Husband, iii. 1 (Mrs. Clerimont). -F. _coupé_, ‘mouvement par lequel on coupe un espace; (Danse) Pas -composé d’un plié avec changement de pied suivi d’un glissé’ (Hatzfeld). - -=cour,= to cover; _Pt. t._, _courd_; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 9. See NED. -(s.v. Cover). - -=courant,= a dance with a running or gliding step; a coranto. Etherege, -Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). -See =coranto.= - -=courant, corant,= an express message; a newspaper. B. Jonson, Magn. -Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Underwoods, lxi. 81. F. _courant_, running, a -runner; from _courir_, to run. - -=coursing,= succession in due ‘course’. Only in the following passage: -‘My Ladye Mary and my Ladye Elizabeth . . . by succession and course are -inheritours to the crowne. Who yf they shulde mary with straungers, what -should ensue God knoweth. But God graunt they never come vnto _coursyng_ -nor succedynge.’ Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 30). - -=courteau;= see =curtal.= - -=court holy-water,= a proverbial phrase for flattery, and fine words -without deeds; ‘Court holy-water in a dry house is better than this -rainwater out o’ door’, King Lear, iii. 2. 10; ‘Her unperformed promise -was the first court holy-water which she sprinkled amongst the people’, -Fuller, Ch. Hist. viii. 1. 6; ‘Court-holy-water, _Promissa rei expertia, -fumus aulicus_’, Coles, 1699; ‘_Eau beniste de cour_, court holy-water, -fair words, flattering speeches’, Cotgrave. See Nares. - - Also, =court holy bread;= ‘He feeds thee with nothing but court - holy bread, good words’, Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, ii. 3 - (M. Honeysuckle). - -=courtnoll, courtnold,= a contemptuous term for a courtier. Peele, Sir -Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 516; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 51 From -_court_, and _noll_, the head, hence, a person (_nowl_ in Shakespeare). - -=court-passage,= a game at dice. Middleton, Women beware, ii. 2 -(Guardiano). See =passage.= - -=coustreling,= a lad, knave, groom. Only in Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 -(Merygreek). See =coistril.= - -=covenable,= fit, suitable, becoming, of becoming appearance; ‘A sonne -called Philip, a right covenable and gracious man’, Berners, Froissart, -ccclxxix. 635; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 11, § 6. OF. and -Prov. _convenable_ (_cov-_). ME. _covenable_, fit, proper, suitable, -agreeable (Chaucer). - -=covent,= a ‘convent’. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 849; Meas. for M. iv. 3. -133. ME. _covent_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1827). The old form remains in -‘Covent Garden’. Anglo-F. _cuvent_ (Rough List). - -=cover:= phr. _be covered_, put on your hat. As You Like It, v. 1. 18; -Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). (There are endless -compliments about wearing a hat in old plays.) - -=covert:= phr. _under covert-baron_, in the condition of a woman who is -protected by her husband. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 2 (Miss N.); -_under covert-barn_, under protection, Phoenix, iii. 1 (Falso). Anglo-F. -_feme couverte baroun_, for _couverte de baroun_, a woman protected by -her husband (Rough List). See Cowell, Interp. (s.v. Coverture). - -=covetise,= covetousness. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle); Kyd, -Cornelia, i. l. 26. ME. _covetyse_, ‘avaricia’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. -_coveitise_, cp. Ital. _cupidigia_ (Dante). - -=cowardry,= cowardice. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 511; _cowardree_, -Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 986. - -=cowith,= the commonest form of Welsh bardic verse, Drayton, Pol. iv. -183 (notes 59 and 67). Wel. _cywydd_. - -=cowl-staff, coul-staff, cole-staff,= a stout pole orig. used for -carrying a ‘cowl’ or tub, esp. a water-tub; ‘Cudgels, colestaves’, -Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio); Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; Select -Records Oxford, 92. _Cowl_, for a large tub or barrel, is in prov. use -in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, sb.^{2} 1 and 2). ME. -_cowle_ (Prompt., in Harl. MS.). - -=cowshard,= a piece of cowdung. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 19; ‘_Bouse -de vache_, the dung of a cow, a cow-shard’, Cotgrave. In use in Yorks., -Lanc., Derby., and Wilts. (EDD.). - -=coxcomb,= a fool’s cap; lit. _cock’s comb_. King Lear, i. 4. 105; also -jocularly, the head, ib. ii. 4. 125. - -=coy,= to render quiet, appease. Palsgrave; to stroke soothingly, to -caress, Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 2; _to coy it_, to behave coyly, to -affect shyness, Massinger, New Way, iii. 2. OF. _coi_, still, quiet, O. -Prov. _quet_, ‘coi, tranquille’ (Levy), Romanic type _quetu-_, L. -_quiētum_. See =quoying.= - -=coystrel.= In Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1119, a corrupt form of -‘kestrel’ (a base kind of hawk). - -=coystril;= see =coistril.= - -=cozier, cosier,= a cobbler. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 97; ‘A cosier or cobler, -_remendón_’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. 1599. OF. _cousere_, a seamster, one -who sews (Godefroy), _couseör_, acc., O. Prov. _cozedor_, ‘couturier’ -(Levy); deriv. from _cosere_, to sew, Romanic type representing L. -_consuere_, to sew together; see Hatzfeld. - -=craboun,= corrupt form of ‘carbine’. ‘Discharge thy craboun’, Return -from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Ingenioso). - -=craccus,= a kind of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 -(Trimtram); Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia); where ed. -1625 has _cracus_ (mod. ed. _crocus_). NED. suggests that the word means -tobacco of Caraccas, in Venezuela. - -=crack,= a pert, forward boy. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Induct. (3 -Child); Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Usher). Hence _your crackship_, -address to a page, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). -_Crack-halter_, playfully ‘a rogue’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 30; -Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Song). Also _crack-hempe_, Tam. Shrew, v. -1. 46; and _crack-rope_, ‘_Baboin_, a crack-rope, wag-halter, unhappie -rogue, retchlesse villaine’, Cotgrave; Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in -Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88 (Hazlitt, iv. 68). - -=crack,= to talk big, boast, brag. L. L. L. iv. 3. 268; spelt _crake_, -Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 50; Sir Thos. More, i. 2. 29. Hence _cracker_, -boaster, King John, ii. 1. 147. The vb. _crack_ in this sense is in -prov. use in Scotland and in England in the north country, Midlands, and -E. Anglia. ME. _crakyn_, to boast; ‘_crakere_, bost-maker’ (Prompt. -EETS. 393). - -=crack,= to damage, impair. Phr. _cracked within the ring_, said of a -coin cracked at the rim; but constantly used with reference to impaired -virginity. Hamlet, ii. 2. 448; Beaumont and Fl., Captain, ii. 1 -(Jacomo). The _ring_ was the inmost circle around the inscription; a -piece cracked _within_ that ring could be legally refused, and was no -longer current. - -=crackmans,= a hedge. (Cant.) ‘At the crackmans’, beside the hedge, B. -Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). See NED. - -=crag,= the neck. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 82, Sept., 45. A -north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Crag, sb.^{3}). - -=craggue,= a lean, scraggy person. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Diogenes, § 150. - -=crake;= see =crack.= - -=crambe,= cabbage, in literary use only _fig._, and gen. in reference to -the L. phrase _crambe repetita_, cabbage served up again, applied by -Juvenal (Sat. vii. 154) to any tedious repetition. ‘Our Prayers . . . -the same Crambe of words’, Milton, Animadv. ii.; Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Medici, last §. Gk. κράμβη, a kind of cabbage. - -=crambe, crambo,= a game in which one player gives a word or a line of a -poem to which each of the others has to find a rime; if any one repeated -a previous suggestion he had to pay a forfeit; ‘Crambe, another of the -Divells games’, B. Jonson, Devill an Ass, v. 5; ‘Playing at Crambo in -the waggon’, Pepys, Diary (May 20, 1660). - -†=cramocke,= a crooked stick. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 6. Corrupt -form of =cammock.= - -=cramp-ring,= a ring supposed to be a remedy against cramp, falling -sickness, and the like; esp. one of those which the Kings of England -used to hallow on Good Friday for this purpose. Boorde, Introd. (ed. -Furnivall, p. 121); Berners, Letter in Brand Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1813, l. -129); Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.); Cartwright, The -Ordinary, iii. 1 (Moth). - -=cramp-stone,= the stone in a ‘cramp-ring’. Massinger, The Picture, v. -1. - -=cranewes,= pl., embrasures between battlements; crannies, apertures. -‘Cranewes of the walls of the city’; North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, -§ 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 131); id., M. Antonius, § 42 (in Shak. Plut., -p. 222). OF. _creneaux_, pl. of _crenel_, a battlement, an embrasure, -see Estienne, Préc. 358. - -=Cranion,= a proper name given to a fly, the charioteer of Queen Mab; -‘Fly Cranion, her charioteer, Upon her coach-box getting’, Drayton, -Nymphidia, st. 17. _Sir Cranion-legs_, thin legs, like a fly or spider; -B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). - -=crank,= lively, brisk, merry; also as _adv._; ‘_Joyeux_, as crank as a -cock-sparrow’, Cotgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 46; Middleton, -Trick to Catch the Old One, i. 3 (end); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several -Weapons, iii. 1 (Gregory); Sea-Voyage, iv. 3. 2. _Crank_ is used in this -sense in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crank, adj.^{2}). -_Crankly_, briskly, Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 552). - -=crank,= a beggar who shams illness. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4. -See Harman, Caveat, p. 51. Du. _krank_, ill, sick. - -=crank,= to run in a winding course, to twist and turn about. Venus and -Ad. 682; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 98; a winding path, Coriolanus, i. 1. 143; -_cranks_, pl. bends, turnings, Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 28; Spenser, F. -Q. vii. 7. 52. - -=crankle,= to twist and turn about. Drayton, Pol. vii. 198; xii. 572; -‘_Serpenter_, to wriggle, wagle, crankle’, Cotgrave. A Leicestersh. -word, see EDD. (s.v. Crankling). - -†=crapish= (meaning unknown); ‘Scandalous and crapish’, Otway, Soldier’s -Fortune, i. 1 (3 W.). Only in this place. - -=crash,= a merry bout, a revel. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 2. 5. See -EDD. (s.v. Crash, sb.^{1} 4). - -=cratch,= a crib, manger; ‘The Coffin of our Christmas Pies in shape -long is in imitation of the Cratch’, Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 33); -‘Cratche for hors or oxen, _creche_’, Palsgrave; ‘_Presepio_, a cratch, -a rack, a manger, a crib or a critch’, Florio. In prov. use in various -parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cratch sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _cracche_ -(_cratche_), so Wyclif, Is. i. 3, and Luke ii. 7. OF. _creche_, O. Prov. -_crepia_, _crepcha_ (Levy). - -=cratch,= to scratch; ‘I cratche with my nayles’, Palsgrave. ME. -_cracche_, to scratch (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2834.). - -=craze,= to break, crack, burst. Richard III, iv. 4. 17; ‘Craze bars’, -Heywood, The Fair Maid, iii. 4 (Bess); ‘God will craze their chariot -wheels’, Milton, P. L. xii. 210. Still in use in the west country in the -sense of to ‘crack’, said of glass, china, or church bells (EDD.). - -=creak;= see =cry creak.= - -=creancer, creauncer,= one to whom is entrusted the charge of another; a -guardian; a tutor. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 129, l. 102; id. Garl. of -Laurell, 1226. Deriv. of OF. _creance_, belief, trust, Med. L. -_credentia_, ‘fides data’ (Ducange). - -=creeking;= see =kreking.= - -=creeple,= a cripple. BIBLE, Acts xiv. 8 (1611). ME. _crepel_, _crepul_ -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. 1458). OE. _crēopel_, a cripple (B. T., Suppl. -s.v. _crypel_). - -=creme,= chrism, the sacred oil used for anointing kings at coronation; -‘A kynge enoynted with creme’, Morte Arthur, leaf 202. 36; bk. ix, c. -39. ME. _creme_, chrism, OF. _creme_, _cresme_ (mod. _chrême_). L. -_chrisma_, Gk. χρῖσμα, anointing oil. - -=cres’,= a crest. Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 351. -A peculiar form, to rime with _grease_. See Dict. (s.v. Crease). - -=crescive,= growing. Hen. V, i. 1. 66. - -=crevis,= a crayfish. Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. -118. ‘Crevisse’ is a north-country word (EDD.). OF. _crevice_, -_crevisse_, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Écrevisse). - -=crib= (Cant); ‘To fill up the crib and to comfort the quarron’, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Meaning doubtful. Perhaps the same word as -_crib_, a manger; used _fig._ for the stomach as a place for provender. - -=crimp,= an obsolete card-game. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Lady L.). -See NED. - -=crinet,= a hair. Gascoigne, Works, i. 101. Dimin. of F. _crin_, hair; -L. _crinis_. - -=cringle-crangle,= _adj._, winding, curled; ‘Cringle-crangle horns’ -(i.e. bugles), Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio). - -=crippin,= part of a hood for ladies. Spelt _crepine_, _crespine_. Lyly, -Mydas, i. 2 (Licio). F. _crespine_, ‘the Crepine of a French hood’ -(Cotgr.). - -=crisled, crizzled,= roughened, shrivelled with cold. Ford, Sun’s -Darling, v. 1 (Winter). In Northampton, water that is slightly frozen is -‘just _crizzled_ over’, see EDD. (s.v. Crizzle). - -=crispie,= rippled, rippling; ‘Thy crispie tides’, Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 2. -15. - -=croach,= to grasp, seek after; ‘My life and th’ empire he did croach -and crasse’, Mirror for Mag., Geta, st. 10. Hence, _croacher_, a seeker -after. In compound _crowne-croachers_, Mirror for Mag., Rudacke, Lennoy, -st. 2. OF. _crocher_, to catch with a hook. - -=croches,= the ‘buds’ or knobs at the top of a stag’s horn; ‘These -little buddes or broches which are about the toppe are called Croches’, -Turbervile, Hunting, 54; Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 194. - -=crocheteur,= a porter. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iii. 2 -(Longueville). F. _crocheteur_, ‘a porter or common burthen-bearer’; -_crochet_, ‘a hook; _le crochet d’un crocheteur_, the forke or crooked -staffe, used by a porter’ (Cotgr.). - -=crock,= to put by in a crock or pot. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 2. 2. - -=crockling,= a croaking noise; used of the noise made by cranes. Phaer, -tr. of Aeneid, x. 265. - -=crofte,= a crypt; ‘A crofte under the mynster’, Morte Arthur, leaf -258*, back, 18; bk. xvii, c. 18. Du. _krocht_, _krochte_. Med. L. -_crupta_ (Ducange), L. _crypta_; Gk. κρυπτή, a crypt, a place of hiding. - -=croisado,= a crusade; ‘Your great croisado general’ (i.e. the general -of your great crusade), Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 1200. - -=crome,= a long stick with a hook at the end of it; ‘Long cromes’, -Paston Letters, no. 77; vol. i, p. 106 (1872); Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. -19. In prov. use in E. Anglia (EDD.). Cp. Du. _kramme_, ‘a hooke, or a -grapple’ (Hexham). - -=crone,= an old ewe. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 4; Gascoigne, Fruites -of Warre, st. 63. An E. Anglian and Essex word, see EDD. (s.v. Crone, -sb.^{1} 1). - -=cronet,= a coronet. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 48, l. 51. -Also, a part of the armour of a horse; Shirley, Triumph of Peace (Works, -ed. Dyce, vi. 261). - -=croshabell,= a courtesan. Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 616, last line; -and in a title, p. 615, col. 1. A Kentish word (EDD.). - -=croslet, crosslet,= a crucible. Lyly, Gallathea, ii. 3; B. Jonson, -Alchem., i. 1 (Face). ME. _croslet_ (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1147). Dimin. of -OF. _crosel_, O. Prov. _cruzol_, crucible (Levy). - -=cross,= a piece of money; many coins had a cross on one side. As You -Like It, ii. 4. 12; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 257. - -=cross and pile,= the obverse and reverse side of a coin, head and (or) -tail; hence, sometimes, a coin, money; ‘He had neither cross nor pile’, -Sidney, Disc. Govt. (ed. 1704, p. 362); head or tail, i.e. ‘tossing up’, -to decide anything doubtful; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 2 (Ranger); -Return from Parnassus, ii. 1. 768; A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 8 (Clare). -Anglo-F. ‘jewer (jouer) _a cros a Pil_,’ A.D. 1327, see NED. ‘Les pièces -de monnaie portaient une croix sur leur face, d’où l’expression: n’avoir -_ni croix ni pile_’ (to have neither cross nor pile), see Jannet, -Glossaire, Rabelais (s.v. Croix). - -=cross-bite,= to bite in return, to cheat. Marston, What you Will, iii. -2. 279; iii. 3. 129. Hence, _cross-biter_, a swindler, Middleton, Your -Five Gallants, ii. 3 (Goldstone). - -=cross-lay,= a cheating wager. Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, v. -542. - -=cross-point,= a particular step in dancing. Marston, Insatiate -Countess, i. 1 (Rogers); Greene, King James IV, iv. 3 (Slipper, l. -1638). - -=cross-row,= the alphabet; ‘And from the Crosse-row pluckes the letter -G’, Richard III, i. 1. 55. Short for _Christ-cross-row_, so called from -the figure of the cross (✠) formerly prefixed to it. Still in use in -Essex, acc. to EDD. (s.v. Cross, II. (45)). See =Christ-cross.= - -=cross-tree,= the gallows; ‘A cross-tree that never grows’ [because made -of dead wood], Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone); the cross, Herrick, -Noble Numbers, His Anthem to Christ, l. 14. - -=crotch,= the fork of the human body, where the legs join the trunk. -Greene, Verses against the Gentlewomen of Sicilia, l. 12; ed. Dyce, p. -316. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Crotch, sb.^{1}). OF. (Picard) -_croche_, ‘entaillure’ (La Curne). - -=croteys,= the dung of hares and rabbits; ‘Of Hares and Coneys, they are -called _Croteys_’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37, p. 97. F. _crottes_, ‘the -dung, excrements or ordure of Sheep, Conies, Hares, etc.’ (Cotgr.). - -=crouse, crowse,= brisk, lively, merry, Drayton, Eclogue vii, 73; Brome, -Jovial Crew, i. 1 (1 Beggar). In common prov. use in Scotland and in the -north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crouse, adj.^{1} 4). - -=crow,= the well-known bird. In alchemy, at a certain stage of the work, -there would sometimes be an appearance like a crow; it was considered a -very favourable sign; see B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). - -=crowchmas,= the day of the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3. Tusser, -§ 50. 36; _Crowchemesse Day_; Paston Letters, no. 472, end (ii. 132, -1872). ‘At Crowchmesse, _a la saincte Croyx_’, Palsgrave. ME. _cruche_, -the cross of Christ; ‘Crepe to cruche on lange fridai’, Trin. Coll. Hem. -95 (NED.); ‘And meny crouche on hus cloke’, P. Plowman, C. viii. 167; -_cruche_, id., B. v. 529; _cros_, id., A. vi. 13. We may perhaps compare -OF. _croche_, the Picard form of OF. _croce_, a crosier; Ch. Rol. 1670; -Med. L. _crocia_, _crochia_, ‘baculus pastoralis’ (Ducange). - -=crown of the sun,= a French gold coin. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 -(Mont.); ‘_Escu sol_, a crown of the sun; the best kind of crown that is -now made’, Cotgrave. - -=crowner,= a coroner. Hamlet, v. 1. 4. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). - -=crow-trodden,= abused, humiliated. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, iv. 4 (Rutilio). See NED. (s.v. Crow-tread). - -=cruddes,= curds; ‘A messe of cruddes’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 18; -‘Cruddes, _coagulum_’, Levins, Manip.; Baret, Alvearie. In prov. use in -Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Crud). _Crud_ is related to _crowd_, to press close, see EDD. (s.v. -Crowd, vb.^{1} 3). - - =crudded,= reduced to a curd-like mass, Heywood, Silver Age - (Cerberus). ME. _cruddyd_, ‘coagulatus’ (Prompt.). - -=cruddle, crudle,= to curdle; ‘Cruddled me like cheese’, BIBLE, Job x. -10 (1611); Beaumont and Fl., The False One, iii. 2. 2; King and No King, -i. 1; Marston, Antonia, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). In prov. use in Scotland, -Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=crumenall;= ‘The fat oxe that wont ligge in the stall, Is now fast -stalled in her (=their) crumenall’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 119. -Apparently in sense ‘purse’ or ‘pouch’ (NED.). - -=crusoile,= a crucible. Marston, Insatiate Countess, i. 1 (Rogers). OF. -_croisuel_. See Hatzfeld (s.v. Creuset). - -=cruzado, crusado,= the name of a Portuguese gold coin, of variable -value. Othello, iii. 4. 26; White Devil (Vittoria), ed. Dyce, p. 23. So -called from the cross on one side of it. - -=cry:= phr. _a cry of hounds_, a pack of hounds. Webster, Devil’s -Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella). Hence _cry_, a pack (of hounds), Mids. -Night’s D. iv. 1. 128; _cry of curs_, pack of curs, Cor. iii. 3. 120. -_Without all cry_, beyond all description, Chapman, Blind Beggar, p. 4. - -=cry creak,= to confess oneself beaten or in error; to give up the -contest, to give in. Thersites, 100 (ed. Pollard, Misc. Plays); Tusser, -Husbandry, § 47. 2; T. Watson, Centuries of Love, i (ed. Arber, 37); -Damon and Pithias, Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88; ‘_Palinodiam canere_, to -turne taile, to cry creake’, Withal, Dict. (ed. 1634). - -=cucking-stool,= an engine for the punishment of scolds, by ducking them -in the water. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Quarlous); Butler, -Hudibras, ii. 2. 740. See Cowell, Interpreter, 1637; Brand, Pop. Antiq. -(ed. 1877, p. 641). - -=cuckquean,= a female cuckold. Golding, tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 606 (Latin -text); ed. 1603. Spelt _cockqueene_; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, -ch. 4, st. 1. - -=cuck-stool,= an old punishment for scolds; the offender was fastened in -a kind of chair, and exposed to be jeered at, or was ducked in water. -Also called a =cucking-stool,= q.v. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1 -(Petronius), Middleton, Fam. of Love, v. 1 (Glister). - -=cucurbite,= a kind of retort used in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 -(Face). Shaped like a gourd, L. _cucurbita_. - -=cudden,= a born fool, dolt. Dryden, Cymon, 179; Sir Martin Mar-all, v. -3. Wycherley, Gentl. Dancing-master, iv. 1. - -=cue,= a small portion. ‘A cue of bread and a cue of beer’, Middleton, -The Black Book (near the end). ‘_Cue_, halfe a farthing, so called -because they set down in the Battling or Butterie Books the letter _q_ -for half a farthing,’ Minsheu; ‘Not worthe a cue’, Skelton, -Magnyfycence, 36; ‘Worth ii. kues,’ id., Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 232. -_Q._ for L. _quadrans_, the smallest coin. See =cee.= - -=cuerpo, in,= in hose and doublet, without a cloak; stripped of the -upper garment so as to display the body. Ben Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 -(Tipto); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1. 26. Span. _en cuerpo_, -having nothing on but the shirt; _cuerpo_, body. See Stanford. - -=cullisen, cullison,= ignorant pronunciations of cognisance. B. Jonson. -Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Sogliardo); a badge, id., Case is altered, -iv. 4 (Onion). See NED. (s.v. Cullisance). - -=cully,= a dupe, a simpleton. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 781; Otway, -Cheats of Scapin, i. 1 (Scapin). [To make a fool of, to take in, Pope, -Wife of Bath, 161.] - -=culm,= summit; ‘On giddy top and culm’, Misfortunes of Arthur, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 313. G. _kulm_, a mountain-top; L. _culmen_. - -=culme,= soot, smut. Golding, Metam. ii. 232; fol. 18, bk. (1603); as -adj. sooty, black, id. vii. 529; fol. 86, bk. The same word as _coom_, -coal-dust, soot, dirt,’ in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and various -parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Coom, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _culme_ -(_colme_), ‘fuligo’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 477). - -=culver-down,= dove’s down. Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1 (Epire). OE. -_culfre_, a dove. - -=curats,= a piece of armour for the body, a cuirass; ‘He casts away his -curats and his shield’, Harington, Orl. Fur.; spelt _curets_, Chapman, -Iliad iii, 343. Treated as pl., with a sing. _curat_, Spenser, F. Q. v. -8. 34. Cp. Ital. _corazza_, a cuirass (Florio). See Dict. - -=curber,= a thief who hooks things through a window; an angler. -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). From _curb_, a cant word for a -hook, see NED. - -=curiosity,= nicety, fastidiousness, excessive, scrupulousness. -Massinger, City Madam, i. 1 (Tradewell); ‘Concerning the enterring of -her . . . I pray you let the same be performed without all curiositie -and superstition’, Holland’s Plutarch, Morals, 533 (Bible Word-Book). - -=curiousness,= punctilious scrupulousness. Massinger, Parl. of Love, i. -4 (Chamont); Unnat. Combat, iii. 4 (Beauf. Junior). - -=curry,= a ‘quarry’, i.e. slaughtered game. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. -145, 693. OF. _cuiree_, intestines of a slain animal; the part given to -the hounds, so called because wrapped in the skin (_cuir_); O. Prov. -_corada_, ‘entrailles’ (Levy). See NED. (s.v. Quarry, sb.^{1}). - -=curry-favell,= one who solicits favour by flattery. Puttenham, _Eng. -Poesie_, iii. 24 (ed. Arber, 299); ‘Curryfavell, a flatterer, _estrille -faveau_’, Palsgrave; altered to _curry-favour_, ‘A number of prodigal -currie favours’, Holinshed, Chron. ii. 144 (NED.); _Curriedow_, a -curry-favour or flatterer, Phillips. In earlier English ‘Favel’ occurs -as the proper name of a fallow-coloured horse. The fallow horse was -proverbial as the type of hypocrisy and duplicity, with reference to the -‘equus pallidus’ of Apoc. vi. 8, which was explained as representing the -hypocrites who gain a reputation for sanctity by the ascetic pallor of -their faces (see Rom. Rose, 7391-8). With the phrase ‘to curry favel’ -cp. OF. _estriller_, _torcher Fauvel_, adopted in German: _den fahlen -Hengst streichen_. See NED. (s.v. Favel) for origin, and see =Favell.= - -=cursen,= Christian; ‘As I am a cursen man’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, iv. 6 -(Carter); ‘By my Cursen soule’, Brome, Sparagus Gard. iii. 7; ‘We be -Cursenfolke’, id. iv. 5; _cursen name_, Christian name, Mrs. Behn, -Feign’d Curtizan, i. 2; to christen, baptize; _cursen’d_, pp. -christened, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan). For the -pronunciation, see EDD. (s.v. Christen). - -=curst,= cross, ill-tempered. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 185; Beaumont and Fl., -Philaster, ii. 3 (Arethusa). In prov. use in the north and in the W. -Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Curst, 2). - -=curtal,= having a docked tail; ‘Curtal dog’, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 114; -said of a horse, All’s Well, ii. 3. 65. ‘Docke your horse tayle, and -make hym a courtault’, Palsgrave; in form _courteau_, a horse with a -docked tail, used as a term of derision, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. -2 (Anaides). OF. _courtaut_, ‘écourté’ (Hatzfeld); _courtault_, ‘cheval -ou chien de courte taille. On appelait aussi _courtault_ le chien ou le -cheval qui avait la queue coupée’ (Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais). - -=curtana,= the sword of mercy, a pointless sword, carried before our -kings at a coronation. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 419. See Ducange, -s.v. The name of the legendary sword of ‘Ogier le Danois’ was -_Courtain_. - -=cushes,= ‘cuisses’, pieces, of armour protecting the thighs. 1 Hen. IV, -iv. 1. 105 (1596); Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, v. 1. 15. - -=cushion:= phr. _to miss the cushion_, to make a mistake. Lit. to sit -down amiss. ‘Whan he weneth to syt, Yet may he mysse the quysshon’, -Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 998; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 24. - -=cushion-cloth,= a cushion-case or cover. Middleton, Women beware Women, -iii. 1 (Bianca); _cusshencloth_, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 475. - -=custard-politic,= a large custard prepared for the Lord Mayor’s feast. -B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Lick.). - -=customer,= a custom-house officer, ‘publicanus’. Udall, Erasmus’s -Paraph. on Mark, ii. 22; Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 (Erostrato). In use -in this sense in Scotland (EDD.). - -=cut,= a lot; he who drew the shortest (or rarely, the longest) of some -pieces of stick or paper drew the lot. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -Induction (2 Child, and 3 Child). ME. _cut_, lot (Chaucer, C. T. A. -845). Probably unconnected with the vb. ‘to cut’, see NED. - -=cut,= a dog or horse with a cut or docked tail; hence, a term of abuse -applied to a man. ‘Call me cut’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 203 (cp. ‘call me -horse’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215); London Prodigal, ii. 4. 41. _Cut_, a -common horse, Merry Devil, i. 3. 141; Dauncaster _cuttys_, Doncaster -nags, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 296. See =cut and longtail.= - -=cut:= phr. _to keep cut_, to be coy, to be on one’s best behaviour; -‘Phyllyp, kepe youre cut’, Skelton, P. Sparowe, 119; ‘To keep cut with -his mother’, i.e. to be coy like her, to follow her example, Middleton, -More Dissemblers, i. 4 (Dondolo). See NED. (s.v. Cut, sb.^{2} 34). - -=cut and longtail,= dogs or horses (or men) of every kind; i.e. those -that are docked and those whose tails are allowed to grow. Merry Wives, -iii. 4. 44; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 68. - -=cut bene whids,= to speak good words, speak fair. (Cant.) Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See Harman, Caveat, p. 84. - -=cut over,= to pass straight across; ‘Caligula lying in Fraunce . . . -intended to cutte over, and invade Englande’, Gosson, School of Abuse, -p. 16. - -=cutchy,= a ‘coach-y’; a driver of a coach; ‘Make thee [a] poor Cutchy’ -(cp. _coach_ in the preceding line), Return from Parnassus, iii. 4 -(Furor). - -=cute,= a cur; ‘Some yelping Cute’, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 340; explained -by ‘a cur’ in the margin. It is probably merely a variant of _cut_, a -short-tailed dog; see =cut and longtail.= - -=cutted,= abrupt, snappish, sharp in reply. Middleton, Women beware, -iii. 1. 4. Used in this sense in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). - -=cutter,= a cut-throat, bully, bravo. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several -Weapons, iii. 1 (Gregory). Hence, title of the play by Cowley, The -Cutter of Coleman Street. With a quibble upon _cutting_, Middleton, -Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 3 (Simon). - -=cutting,= swaggering. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2 (516); scene 5. 19 -(W.); p. 159, col. 1 (D.). - -=cutting,= cheating. Marston, Dutch Courtesan, ii. 3 (end). - -=cutwork,= open work in linen, cut out by hand. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, -777 (ed. Arber, p. 71); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 2 (Lopez). - -=cymar,= a loose light garment for women. Dryden, Virgil, Aeneid iv, -196; Cymon, 100. See =symarr.= - -=cynarctomachy,= a word invented by Butler (Hudibras, i. 1. 752) to -signify a battle between a bear and dogs. Gk. κύων, a dog, ἄρκτος, a -bear, μάχη, a fight. - -=cypers grass,= the sweet cyperus or galingale. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey -iv. 802. GK. κύπειρον, a sweet-smelling marsh-plant (Od. iv. 603). - -=cypress,= a textile fabric, esp. a light transparent material -resembling cobweb lawn or crape; when black much used for mourning. -Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 131; _cypress lawn_, Milton, Penseroso, 35. Probably -fr. OF. _Cipre_, the island of Cyprus. - - - - - D - - -=dabbing down,= hanging down like wet clothes, in a dabbled state. -Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 359. - -=dade,= to walk with tottering steps, to toddle, like an infant learning -to walk. Drayton, Pol. i. 295; xiv. 289. Still in use in Leicestersh. -and Warwicksh. (EDD.). - -=dædale,= ingenious, skilful. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2; also, variously -adorned (cp. daedala tellus, Lucret. i. 7), id., iv. 10. 45. L. -_daedalus_, Gk. δαίδαλος, skilful. - -=daff,= to put off, put aside. A variant of _doff_, to do off, put off. -1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 96; and elsewhere in Shakespeare. - -=daff,= a simpleton; a coward; ‘(The Bishop of Llandaff) answers, The -_daffe_ is here, but the _land_ is gone’, Harrison, Descr. England, bk. -ii, ch. ii (ed. Furnivall, 58). In prov. use in both senses in Yorks. -(EDD.). ME. _daf_: ‘I sal been halde a daf, a cokenay’ (Chaucer, C. T. -A. 4208). - -=daffysh,= foolish. Morte Arthur, leaf 205. 10; bk. ix, c. 13. In prov. -use in Derbysh., Warwicksh., and W. Midlands in the sense of sheepish -(EDD.). - -=dag,= a small pistol; ‘This gun? a dag?’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s -Cure, ii. 2 (Lucio); Arden of Fev. iii. 6. 9; ‘_Pistolet_, a pistolet, a -dag, or little pistol’, Cotgrave. - -=Dagonet,= a foolish young knight. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ginet). -Sir Dagonet was a foolish knight in the court of Arthur; see 2 Hen. IV, -iii. 2. 300: ‘Sir Dagonet in Arthur’s show’. - -=dagswain, daggeswane,= a rough coverlet. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2195. -ME. _daggeswayn_, ‘lodex’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 528). - -=dain,= disdain; hence, ignominy; ‘A deepe daine’, Lyly, Sappho, v. 1; -‘dennes of daine’, Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. 31. Cp. F. _dain_, -dainty, fine, curious (Cotgr.). (The word in England seems to have -developed a subst. meaning of ‘squeamishness’, ‘stand-offishness’.) - -=dain,= to disdain. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. (Venus); iii. (Medea). - -=dalliance,= hesitation, delay. 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 5; Virgin-Martyr, iv. 1 -(Sapritius). See Dict. (s.v. Dally). - -=damassin,= damson. Bacon, Essay 46. F. _damaisine_, ‘a Damascene, or -damson plumb’ (Cotgr.). - -=damnify,= to injure. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 52; ii. 6. 3. Common in this -sense in East Anglia and America (EDD.). - -=damps,= dumps, fits of melancholy. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 118. - -=dandiprat,= a small coin worth 3 halfpence, first coined by Henry VII -(of unknown origin). Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). -Also, a dwarf, page; applied to Cupid (!) in Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -i. p. 41 (ed. Arber); as also in Shirley, Arcadia, i. 3 (Dametas). - -=danger:= phr. _to be in_ (or _within_) _one’s danger_, to be in one’s -debt, or under an obligation, or in one’s power, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, -i. 2 (Charalois); cp. Merch. Venice, iv. 1. 180; King John, iv. 8. 84. -In ME. _in daunger_, within a person’s jurisdiction, under his control, -at his disposal (Chaucer). OF. _dangier_, the absolute authority of a -feudal lord (Godefroy), Romanic type _domniarium_, deriv. of L. -_dominus_ (Hatzfeld). See Trench, Select Glossary. - -=Dansk,= Danish. Webster, White Devil (Giovanni), ed. Dyce, p. 13. Also -used to mean Denmark, Drayton, Polyolb. bk. xi. Dan. _Dansk_, Danish. - -=dant,= a worthless, talkative woman. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 515. Du. -_dante_, or _dantelorie_, ‘a base babling woman’; _danten_, ‘to bable’ -(Hexham). - -=dappard,= dapper. Triumphs of Love and Fortune, iv. 1 (Lentulo); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 198. - -=daps,= pl. habits, ways, peculiarities. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. -447. See EDD. (s.v. Dap, sb. 11). - -=darby,= money. (Cant.) ‘The ready, the darby’, Shadwell, Squire of -Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). Prob. with reference to _Darby_, a -money-lender; see below. - -=Darby’s bands,= supposed to have orig. meant a very strict bond exacted -by some usurer of that name; see NED. (Later it meant fetters.) ‘If all -be too little, both goods and lands, I know not what will please you, -except Darby’s bands’, Marriage of Wit and Science (licensed in -1569-70), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 362; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 787 (ed. -1576). - -=dare,= to terrify, paralyse with fear. Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s -Tragedy, iv. 1 (Evadne); _to dare larks_, to daze them in order to catch -them, Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 282; ‘Never hobby so dared a lark’, Burton, -Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896, iii. 390). In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Dare, vb.^{2} 3). - -=dare,= to injure, hurt. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 406; Tusser, Husbandry, -8. In prov. use in the north of England and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. -Dare, vb.^{3}). OE. _derian_, to hurt, deriv. of _daru_, hurt. - -=darkling,= in the dark. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 86; King Lear, i. 4. -237. - -=darkmans,= a cant term for night. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=darnex carpet,= a Dornick carpet. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, v. 1 -(Jaques). ‘Dornick’ is the Flemish name of Tournay. - -=darraigne battle,= to set the battle in array. Heywood, Sallust’s -Jugurtha, 20; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 40; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 72; ‘To -darraine a triple warre’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 26. ME. _darreyne the -bataille_, to fight out the battle, to bring it to a decisive issue -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 1631). ‘Darraigne’ is really a law-term, Anglo-F. -_darreiner_, _dereiner_, to answer an accusation, to exculpate oneself -(Rough List); Med. L. _disrationare_ (Ducange). - -=darreine,= brazen; ‘The Darreine Tower’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv -(Neptune); vol. iii, p. 55; (4 Beldam), p. 61; also called ‘the tower of -Darreine’ (4 lines higher). The reference is to the brazen tower in -which Danae was enclosed. F. _d’arain_, of brass (Cotgr.). (‘Darrain’ -occurs nine times in Caxton, Hist. of Troye, with reference to the same -story; the phrase _tour of darrain_ is on leaf 62.) - -=dart, Irish,= a dart frequently carried by an Irish running footman. -Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough). - -=daunt,= to bring into subjection, subdue, tame; ‘It daunts whole -kingdoms and cities’, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2 (NED.); to daze, stupefy, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18. In prov. use in the sense of ‘to tame’, also, -in E. Anglia, ‘to stun, knock down’ (EDD.). ME. _daunten_, to tame (P. -Plowman, B. xv. 393. Anglo-F. _daunter_ (Bozon). See Dict. - -=daunted down,= beaten down, subdued. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, Third -Song, st. 18. - -=daw,= a (supposed) foolish bird; _fig._ a foolish person. 1 Hen. VI, -ii. 4. 18; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 48. So used in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. -Daw, sb.^{1} 2). - -=daw,= to frighten, subdue. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). See -=adaw.= - -=daw,= to arouse, awaken. Drayton, Pol. vi. 112. So used in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Daw, vb. 2); a trans. use of ME. _dawen_, -_dawyn_, ‘auroro’ (Prompt.), OE. _dagian_, to become day. - -=daw up,= to cheer up, revive. Greene, James IV, v. 1 (Lady A.). See -above. - -=day-bed,= a couch, sofa. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Fletcher, Rule a Wife, -i. 6 (Estifania); iii. 1 (Margarita). - -=dayesman, daysman,= a judge, an umpire. BIBLE, Job ix. 33; Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 8. 28; ‘Daysman, _arbitre_’, Palsgrave; New Custom, i. 2, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 14. - -=dead pay,= pay continued to a dead soldier, taken by dishonest officers -for themselves. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby). - -=deane,= ‘din’, noise. Golding, Metam. xii. 316 (L. _fremitu_); fol. 147 -(1603). ‘Dean’ is an E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _dene_, noise (P. -Plowman), a dialect form of _dyne_ (ib.), OE. _dyne_. - -=deane,= a strong, offensive smell; ‘The breath of Lions hath a very -strong deane and stinking smell’, Holland, Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 53. In -prov. use in Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Dain). OE. *_déan_, corresponding to -Icel. _daunn_, a smell, esp. a bad smell. - -=deare,= harm; see =dere.= - -=dearne, dearnful, dearnly;= see =dern, dernful, dernly.= - -=debate,= to combat, fight. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 6; Lucrece, 1421. F. -_debatre_, ‘to debate, contend’, (Cotgr.). - -=debel,= to conquer in war, defeat. Milton, P. R. iv. 605; Warner, -Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 8, st. 53. L. _delellare_ (Virgil). - -=debenter,= a voucher given in the Exchequer certifying to the recipient -the sum due to him, a ‘debenture’. Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 77. See Dict. - -=deboshed,= debased, corrupted, ‘debauched’. Temp. iii. 2. 29; King -Lear, i. 4. 263; vilified, All’s Well, v. 3. 208; deboshtly, -licentiously, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Works, vi. 173); ‘_Desbaucher_, to -debosh’, Cotgrave. In use in Scotland (EDD.). - -=decard,= to ‘discard’, throw away a card, in a card-game; ‘Can you -decard?’, Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Phylocles). - -=decimo sexto,= a term applied to a small book, in which each leaf is -one-sixteenth of the whole sheet of paper; hence, _fig._, a diminutive -person or thing; ‘My dancing braggart in decimo sexto’, B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1. (Mercury); ‘One bound up in decimo sexto’, -Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Sylli). See Stanford. - -=deck,= a pack of cards. 3 Hen. VI, v. i. 44; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, -p. 339); ‘Pride deales the Deck, whilst Chance doth choose the Card’, -Barnfield, Sheph. Content, viii (NED.). See Nares. In prov. use in -various parts of England, also in Ireland and America (EDD.). - -=decline,= to turn aside, to swerve. BIBLE, Ps. cxix. 157; to turn a -person aside from, to divert, Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, iii. 1; -Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 1 (Roberto); to undervalue, disparage, -depreciate, Shirley, Cardinal, ii. 1 (Alphonso); id., Brothers, i. 1; to -subdue, ‘How to decline their wives and curb their manners’, Beaumont -and Fl., Rule a Wife, ii. 4 (Estifania). - -=decrew,= to decrease. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 18. OF. _decreu_, F. -_décrû_, pp. of _decrestre_ (_décroître_), to decrease. - -=decus,= a crown-piece. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond -Senior). A slang term; from the L. words _decus et tutamen_, engraved -upon the rim. - -=deduce,= to deduct. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Sir Moth). L. -_deducere_, to lead away, withdraw. - -=deduct,= to reduce. Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Gnotho). See NED. - -=deduction,= a leading forth of a colony. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. -455; used as a synonym for ‘dismission’ (i.e. dismissal), id., xix. 423, -427. L. _deductio_, a leading forth of a colony, deriv. of _deducere_, -to lead forth, conduct a colony to a place. - -=deduit,= diversion, enjoyment, pleasure. _Deduytes_, pleasures, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 27. 18. ME. _deduit_, pleasure (Chaucer, C. T. A. -2177), OF. _deduit_ (Bartsch), _deduyt_ (Rabelais), Med. L. _deductus_, -‘animi oblectatio’ (Ducange). - -=defail,= to defeat, cause to fail. Machin, Dumb Knight, i (Epire); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128. Only found here in this sense. - -=defalcate,= curtailed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 10, § 1. -Med. L. _defalcare_, ‘deducere, subtrahere’ (Ducange). - -=defalk,= to cut off, deduct; ‘I defalke, I demynysshe, I cutte awaye’, -Palsgrave. See above. - -=defame,= dishonour. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 316); Fletcher, -Prophetess, i. 1 (Aurelia). - -=defeature,= defeat, ruin. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 17; disfigurement, Com. -Errors, ii. 1. 98; ii. 5. 299. - -=defend,= to forbid. Much Ado, ii. 1. 98; Marl., Massacre at Paris ii. 5 -(Navarre); Milton, P. L. xi. 86; Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 19. F. _défendre_, -to forbid. - -=define,= to decide, settle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3. - -=deform,= unsightly, ugly. Milton, P. L. ii. 706. Lat. _deformis_, -unsightly. - -=defoul, defoil,= to dishonour. Morte Arthur, leaf 39. 1; bk. ii, c. 1; -lf. 71. 28; bk. iv, c. 18. F. _defouler_, to tread or trample on -(Cotgr.); associated in meaning with the E. adj. _foul_. - -=defy,= to reject, disdain, despise. Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 75; Hamlet, v. -2. 230. OF. _desfier_, O. Prov. _desfiar_, _desfizar_ ‘désavouer, -répudier’ (Levy). Med. L. _diffidare_ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Defy, -vb.^{1} 5). - -=de gambo,= a ‘viol-de-gambo’. Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iv. 2 -(Antonio). See =viol-de-gamboys.= - -=degender,= to degenerate. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 2; Hymn of Heavenly -Love, 94. - -=degree,= a step, stair; round of a ladder. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 26; -Massinger, Roman Actor, iii. 2. 21. F. _degré_, ‘a stair, step, greese’ -(Cotgr.). - -=dehort,= to dissuade. Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 106; Davenant, The -Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). L. _dehortari_. - -=delate,= to accuse. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca). _Delated_, fully -or expressly stated (or conveyed), Hamlet, i. 2. 38. Med. L. _delatare_, -to indict, accuse (Ducange). - -=delay,= to temper, assuage, quench. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30; iii. 12. -42; Prothalamion, 3; to dilute, ‘She can drink a cup of wine not delayed -with water’, Davenport, City Nightcap, 1 (Dorothea); in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, xiii. 114. OF. (Norm.) _desleier_, to unbind, soften by -steeping, Romanic type _disligare_, to unbend; see NED. - -=delewine, deal-wine,= an unidentified wine; supposed to have been a -Rhenish wine. B. Jonson, Mercury Vindicated (Mercury’s second speech); -Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1; where Sir T. Bornwell says—‘Where -_deal_ and _backrag_ [Bacharach] and what _strange wine else_’, &c. - -=delibate,= to taste, to taste a little of. Marmion, The Antiquary, iii. -1 (Duke). L. _delibare_, to taste slightly. - -=delice,= delight, pleasure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 28; iv. 10. 6. F. -_délices_, pl, L. _deliciae_, delights. - -=delirement,= a crazy fancy, delusion. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii -(Amphitrio); vol. iii, p. 107; id., Dialogue 4; vol. vi, p. 179. F. -_délirement_; L. _deliramentum_, madness. - -=deliver,= active, nimble, agile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 12, -§ last; ‘Delyver of ones Gunnes as they that prove mastryes, _souple_. -Delyver redy quicke to do anythyng, _agile_, _delivré_’, Palsgrave. ME. -_deliver_, quick, active (Chaucer, C. T. A. 84). OF. _delivre_, -_deslivre_, prompt, alert, O. Prov. _deliure_, ‘libre, délivré; alerte; -non chargé; en parlant d’une bête’; see Levy. Med. L. _deliberare_, -‘liberare, redimere’ (Ducange). - -=dell,= a virgin, a wench. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 -(Prigg). See Harman, Caveat, p. 75. - -=deluvye,= the deluge. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 273, back, 30. L. -_diluvium_, the deluge (Vulgate). - -=demain,= demesne, domain. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 103; -_demeanes_, pl., Romeo, iii. 5. 182 (1592). ME. _demayn_, a possession -(Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Demesne, 3); OF. _demeine_, Med. L. -‘_dominicum_ quod ad dominum spectat’ (Ducange). See =payne mayne.= - -=demean=(=e,= behaviour, demeanour; ‘Another Damsell . . . modest of -demayne’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 40; treatment (of others), id. vi. 6. -18. See Dict. (s.v. Demean (1)). - -=demeans,= means of subsistence. Massinger, Picture, i. 1. 22. - -=demerit,= merit; in a good sense. Coriolanus, i. 1. 276; Othello, i. 2. -2; Shirley, Humorous Courtier, ii. 2 (Duchess). - -=demi-culverin,= a kind of cannon, with a bore of about 4 inches. B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iii. 1 (Bobadil). - -=demi-footcloth,= a demi-housing, or short housing; see =footcloth.= -Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 22. - -=demiss,= humble, abject. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 135. L. -_demissus_. - -=democcuana,= not explained; perhaps, a kind of mixed drink; see -=stiponie.= Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir Frederick). - -=Demogorgon,= the name of one of the Spirits of the Abyss. Milton, P. L. -ii. 965; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; co-ruler with Beelzebub, in Marlowe -Faustus, iii. 18; the patron of alchemists, Howell, Instructions for -Forraine Travell (Arber’s ed., p. 81). Demogorgon is an important -character in Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound. Late L. _Demogorgon_, (1) the -name of a terrible deity invoked in magic rites, (2) the primordial God -of ancient mythology. Probably a corruption of Gk. δημιουργός, the Maker -of the World, the Fabricator, in the Neo-Platonic philosophy opp. to -κτίστης, the Creator. By popular etymology this δημιουργός was -associated with the Greek words δαίμων, a demon, and Γοργώ, the Gorgon, -i.e. the Grim One (γοργός). See Stanford, and NED. - -=dempt,= _pt. t._ ‘deemed’, adjudged. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 55; Shep. -Kal., Aug., 137. - -=demulce,= to mollify. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 1. L. -_demulcere_, to stroke down. - -=denay,= to deny. Greene, Alphonsus, iii (Medea); ed. Dyce, 237; denial, -Twelfth Nt. ii. 4. 127. Norm. F. _deneier_, ‘refuser, rejeter’ (Moisy), -L. _denegare_. - -=denier,= a French coin, the twelfth of a sou. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 91; -Richard III, i. 2. 252. OF. _denier_, L. _denarius_. The _denarius_ was -a Roman silver coin of the value of ten ‘asses’ (about eightpence of -modern English money). When our accounts were kept in Latin, the term -_denarius_ was used for our ‘penny’, and abbreviated _d._; hence the _d_ -in our _£. s. d._ - -=depaint,= to depict. Sackville, Induction, st. 58; B. Googe, Popish -Kingdom, bk. i, fol. 10, l. 5. ME. _depeynten_ (NED.). - -=depart,= to separate; formerly in the Marriage Service, but altered at -the Savoy Conference into ‘till death us do part’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. -10. 14. ME. _departe_, to separate (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1134). - -=depart,= departure. Two Gent. v. 4. 96; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 20. F. -_départ_, departure. - -=dependence,= a quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’, or awaiting -settlement, according to the laws of the duello. B. Jonson, Devil an -Ass, iv. 1 (Fitz.); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 5 (Sanchio). -_Masters of Dependencies_, needy bravoes, who undertook to regulate -duels between the inexperienced, Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 1 -(Bertoldo); Fletcher, Elder Brother, v. 1. - -=deprave,= erroneously used for _deprive_. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, -pp. 499, 511; Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 2. See NED. - -=deprehend,= to detect, perceive. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10, -§ last but 4; Bacon, Sylva, § 98. L. _deprehendere_, to seize. - -=Derby’s bands;= see =Darby’s bands.= - -=dere,= to harm. Barclay, Mirror Good Manners (NED.); Palsgrave; spelt -_deare_, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, iii. 139; to annoy, trouble, grieve. Caxton, -Reynard (ed. Arber, 106); harm, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 48. ME. -_deren_, to harm, injure (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 651); to grieve -(Cursor M. 7377); OE. _derian_, to injure, annoy (Sweet). See =dare.= - -=dern,= dark, solitary, wild. Pericles, iii, Prol. 15; King Lear, iii. -7. 63; dark, dire; ‘Queene Elizabeth died, a dearne day to England’, -Leigh, Drumme Devot. 35 (NED.); ‘Dearne, _dirus_’, Levins, Manipulus. In -prov. use in the north country in the sense of dark, obscure, secret; -also, dreary, solitary, see EDD. (s.v. Dern, adj.^{1} 1 and 2). OE. -(Anglian) _derne_, (WS.) _dyrne_, _dierne_, secret, dark (BT. Suppl. -s.v. Dirne). - - =dernful,= dreary, Spenser, Mourning Muse, 90. - - =dernly, dearnly,= mournfully, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 85; - sternly, id., iii. 1. 14; iii. 12. 34. - -=derrick,= a hangman; hanging; the gallows; ‘Derrick must be his host’, -Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 11; ‘Deric . . . is with us abusively used for a -Hangman because one of that name was not long since a famed executioner -at Tiburn’, Blount, Glossogr.; ‘I would there were a Derick to hang up -him’, Dekker, Seven Deadly Sins (ed. Arber, 17). Du. _Dierryk_, -_Diederik_, Theoderic. - -=derring do,= daring action or feats, desperate courage; ‘A derring -doe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 65, and Dec, 43; F. Q. ii. 4. 42. [In -imitation of Spenser, Sir. W. Scott has the phrase ‘a deed of -derring-do’ (Ivanhoe, ch. 29).] Hence, _derring-doer_, F. Q. iv. 2. 38. -Spenser’s ‘derring doe’ is due to a misunderstanding of a construction -in Chaucer’s Tr. and Cr. v. 837, where ‘in dorryng don’ means ‘in daring -to do’ (what belongeth to a Knight). See NED. - -=descovenable,= unbefitting. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 15, back, 12. -Spelt _discouenable_, Game of the Chesse, bk. ii, c. 5 (p. 70 of Axon’s -reprint). OF. _descovenable_. - -=descrive,= to describe. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; vi. 12. 21. OF. -_descrivre_. L. _describere_. - -=dese,= a ‘dais’, a raised table in a hall at which distinguished -persons sat at feasts; ‘The hye dese’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 175. ME. -_dese_ (Will. Palerne, 4564), _dees_ (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1360, 1658). -Norm. F. _deis_ (Moisy), Med. L. _discus_, a table (cp. G. _Tisch_). - -=design,= to indicate, show. Richard II, i. 1. 203; Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. -8. - -=despoiled,= partially stripped; as in playing at the palm-play. Surrey, -Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13. - -=desroy,= to ‘disarray’, disorder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 33. 26; -_desray_, id., lf. 188. 15. - -=detort,= to twist aside, to wrest. Dryden, Pref. to Religio Laici, § 4. -L. _detort-us_, pp. of _de-torquere_, to twist aside. - -=detract,= to draw apart, pull asunder. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. -515; to hold back, keep oneself in the background, Greene, James IV, i. -1 (Ateukin). - -=Deu guin!,= a Welsh exclamation; app. for _Duw gwyn!_, lit. ‘Blessed -God’. See =Du cat-a whee.= Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 -(Launcelot). - -=deuse a vyle,= the country. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Song); ‘_dewse a vyle_, the countrey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See -=Rom-vile.= - -=devant,= front of the dress; ‘Perfume my devant’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, v. 2 (Mercury). F. _devant_, before. - -=dever,= to ‘endeavour’; ‘_I dever_, I applye my mynde to do a thing’, -Palsgrave. - -=deviceful,= full of devices, ingenious, curious. Spenser, F. Q. v. 3. -3; Teares of the Muses, 385. - -=devoir,= duty. Spelt _devoyre_; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; -_deuoyr_, endeavour; Greene, Alphonsus, Prol. (near the end); _dever_, -Sternhold and Hopkins, Ps. xxii. 26. F. _devoir_. - -=devolve,= to overturn, overthrow. Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius); -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, v. 4. - -=devotion,= an offering made as an act of worship; a gift given in -charity, alms; ‘Then shal the Churche wardens . . . gather the devocion -of the people’, Bk. Com. Pr., Communion, 1552 (‘the alms for the poor, -and other devotions of the people’, 1662); Middleton, No Wit like a -Woman’s, ii. 2 (L. Twilight); _devotions_, objects of religious worship; -‘I beheld your devotions’, BIBLE, Acts xvii. 23 (‘the objects of your -worship’, R. V.); ‘Dametas . . . swearing by no meane devotions’, -Sidney, Arcadia (ed. 1598, p. 282). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=devow,= to devote. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Practice); Holland’s -Ammianus Marcellinus (Nares). F. _dévouer_, to devote. - -=dewle;= See =dole= (2). - -=dewtry,= ‘datura’; hence, a drug made from the datura or thornapple, a -powerful narcotic. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1. 321; spelt _deutroa_, Sir -T. Herbert, Travels (ed. 1677, p. 337). Marathi, _dhutrā_; Skt. -_dhattūra_. See Stanford (s.v. Datura). - -=diacodion,= an opiate syrup prepared from poppy-heads. Bulleyn, Dial. -against Pestilence (EETS.), p. 51, l. 20; Congreve, Love for Love, iii. -4 (Scandal.). L. _diacodion_ (Pliny). _Dia_ is a prefix set before -medicinal confections that were devised by the Greeks. Gk. διὰ κωδειῶν -(a preparation) made from poppy-heads. - -=diametral,= diametrically opposite. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1. 7. - -=diapasm,= a scented powder for sprinkling over the person. B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. διάπασμα, from διαπάσσειν, to -sprinkle. - -=diapred,= adorned with a ‘diaper’ pattern; ‘And diapred lyke the -discolored mead’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 51. - -=dicacity,= raillery, sarcasm. Heywood, Dialogue 4, vol. vi, p. 185. -Deriv. of L. _dicax_, sarcastic. - -=dich:= in phr. ‘Much good dich thy good heart’, Timon, i. 2. 73; ‘Much -good do’t thy good heart’, Dekker, Satiro-mastix (Works, i. 204); ‘Much -good do’t yee’ (riming with ‘sit yee’), ib., i. 214; ‘Much good do it -you’ (vulgarly pronounced and phonetically spelt _mychgoditio_ -(Salesbury in 1550), quoted by Ellis in his Early English Pronunciation, -p. 744, note 2. So it is clear that _dich you_ stands for _d’it you_ = -_do it you_. See further in Notes on Eng. Etym., pp. 67-9. Cp. phrase in -use in Cheshire and Lancashire, ‘Much good deet you’, see EDD. (s.v. Do, -subj. mood, § 3). - -=dicion,= a dominion, kingdom. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 40; -Augustus, § 6. L. _dicio_, dominion, sovereignty. - -=dickens, the,= (in exclamations) the deuce! the devil! Merry Wives, -iii. 2. 20; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. 1, p. 40. - -=dicker,= half a score; esp. of hides or skins; ‘A dicker of cow-hides’, -Heywood; First Part of King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 39; The Marriage -Night, ii. 1 (Latchet); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 131. ME. _diker_ -(NED.), L. _decuria_, a set of ten; from _decem_, ten. This Latin word -was adopted by the German tribes from ancient times. They had to pay -tribute to the Romans partly in skins, reckoned in _decuriae_ (NED.). -See Schade (s.v. Decher). - -=didapper,= a diving bird; humorously, a mistress. Shirley, Gent. of -Venice, iii 4. 8. See =divedopper.= - -=Diego,= a common name for a Spaniard. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 3 -(Face); iv. 4 (Subtle). Allusions are often made to a Spaniard so named -who committed an indecency in St. Paul’s Cathedral, as in Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). Span. _Diégo_, the proper name -_James_, gradually corrupted from _Jacobus_, whence _Yágo_, then -_Diágo_, and at last _Diégo_ (Stevens). James was the patron saint of -Spain. See =Dondego.= - -=diery,= harmful; ‘With dreadful _diery_ dent Of wrathful warre’, Mirror -for Mag., Guidericus, st. 12; Carassus, st. 26. See =dere.= - -=difficile,= difficult. Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 53; spelt _dyfficyle_, -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 311, back, 14. F. _difficile_. - -=diffide in,= distrust. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, xi. 636; -Congreve, Old Bachelor, v. 1 (Bellmour). L. _diffidere_. - -=diffused,= dispersed, scattered. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 4; v. 11. 47; -confused, disordered, distracted, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 54; Hen. V, v. 2. -61. - -=diggon,= enough. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Jenkin); iii. 5 (Jenkin). -In both places the word is used by a Welshman; and in Shirley’s Wedding, -iii. 2, Lodam gives, as a specimen of Welsh—_diggon a camrag_ (for -_digon o Cymraig_), i.e. ‘enough of Welsh.’ Welsh _digon_, enough. - -=dight,= to prepare. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 24; as _pp._, arrayed, -decked, Shep. Kal., April, 29; prepared, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, -p. 522); framed, Sackville, Induction, st. 55. ‘To dight’ is in prov. -use in Scotland and the north of England in the sense of ‘to prepare’, -also, ‘to adorn, deck oneself’ (EDD.). ME. _dihten_, to prepare, array, -equip (Chaucer), OE. _dihtan_, to appoint, order. - -=digladiation,= a fencing contest, hand-to-hand fight; _fig._ -disputation, wrangling. Pattenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 17 (ed. Arber, -p. 52). B. Jonson, Discoveries, cxl. Deriv. of L. _digladiari_, to fight -for life and death (Cicero). - -=dildo,= ‘a word of obscure origin, occurring in the refrains of -ballads,’ NED. In Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195. - -=dill,= a sweetheart; a cant term; the same as =dell.= Middleton, Span. -Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho). - -=dilling,= a darling, a well-beloved; ‘Vespasian the dilling of his -time’, Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896) iii. 27; the youngest, and -therefore the best-beloved child, Drayton, Pol. ii. 115. The word is in -common prov. use for the youngest child, also, the least and weakest of -a brood or litter (EDD.). - -=dimble,= a dingle, a deep dell. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); -Drayton, Pol. ii. 190. Allied to _dimple_, _dingle_. Still in use in the -Midlands, see EDD. - -=dint,= to strike. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 31; a stroke, blow, id. i. 7. -47. - -=dipsas,= a snake whose bite was said to produce extreme thirst. Milton, -P. L. x. 526; Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2. 1. Gk. δίψας, causing thirst; -from δίφα, thirst. - -=dirige,= a ‘dirge’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 5). ME. _dirige_ -(_dyryge_) ‘offyce for dedeman’ (Prompt.). L. _dirige_: this word begins -the antiphon, ‘Dirige, Dominus meus, in conspectu tuo vitam meam’, used -in the first nocturn at mattins in the Office for the Dead; see Way’s -note in Prompt., and Notes to Piers Plowman, C. iv. 467. - -=dirk,= to darken, to obscure; ‘Thy wast bignes . . . dirks the beauty -of my blossomes rownd’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 134. See EDD. (s.v. -Dark, 8). ME. _derhyn_, or make _derk_, ‘obscuro, obtenebro’ (Prompt. -EETS., 137). - -=disable,= to disparage. As You Like It, iv. 1. 34; Heywood, Eng. -Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); Fletcher, Island Princess, iv. 3 (Armusia); -spelt _dishable_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 21. - -=disadventure,= misfortune. _Dissaventures_, pl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. -45. ME. _disaventure_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 415). - -=disappointed,= unequipped, unprepared. Hamlet, i. 5. 77. - -=disceptation,= a discussion, debate. Spelt _desceptations_, pl.; -Heywood, Dialogue 18; vol. vi. p. 248. L. _disceptatio_ (Cicero). - -=discide,= to cut or cleave in twain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 27. L. -_discidere_, to cut in twain. - -=disclose,= to hatch. Hamlet, v. 1. 310; Massinger, Maid of Honour, i. 2 -(Camiòla); the act of disclosing, the incubation, Hamlet, iii. 1. 175. - -=discoloured,= of various colours, variegated. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, v. 2 (Crites); v. 3 (Cupid); Beaumont, Masque of the Inner -Temple, l. 10; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 160. L. _discolor_, of -different colours. - -=discommodity,= a disadvantage. Bacon, Essay 33. - -=discourse,= faculty of reasoning, logical power; ‘discourse and reason’ -(i.e. logic and reason), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, ii. 1 (Malef. jun.); -‘Discourse of reason’, reasoning faculty, Hamlet, i. 2. 150. - -=discourse,= course of combat, mode of fighting. Beaumont and Fl., King -and No King, ii. 1 (Gob.); Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 14. L. _discursus_, a -running to and fro. - -=discretion,= disjunction, separation of parts, dissolution. Butler, -Hudibras, ii. 1. 204. L. _discretio_ (Vulgate, Heb. v. 14 = διάκρισις). - -=discure,= to discover. Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 18. ME. _discure_, to -discover (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 549). - -=discuss,= to shake off. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 48; to disperse, -scatter; Lyly, Woman in the Moon, ii. 1. 21. ME. _discusse_, to drive -away (Chaucer, Boethius); see NED. L. _discutere_ (pp. _discussus_), to -drive away. - -=disease,= discomfort, inconvenience. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 19; v. 7. -26. ME. _disese_, inconvenience, distress (Chaucer); ‘A greet diseese’ -(Wyclif, Luke xxi. 23). Anglo-F. _desaise_, trouble (Gower). - -=disease,= to trouble, inconvenience; ‘Why diseasest thou the master’, -Tyndal, Mark v. 35; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 32; Middleton, The Witch, iv. -2 (Isabella); to disturb, Chapman tr. Iliad, x. 45. See Trench, Sel. Gl. - -=disembogue,= _trans._, to empty out. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 562; -to drive out, eject; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page). Also in -form _disimboque_, Hakluyt, Voyages, i. 104. Span. _desembocar_, to come -out of the mouth of a river. - -=disentrail,= to draw forth from the entrails or inward parts. Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 3. 28; iv. 6. 18. - -=disgest,= to digest. Coriolanus, i. 1. 154; Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 179 (in -old edd.). In general prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). - -=dishable;= see =disable.= - -=disheir,= to deprive of an heir. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 705. - -=disinteressed,= disinterested. Dryden, Religio Laici, 335. See -=interessed.= - -=disleal,= disloyal. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 5. See Dict. (s.v. Leal). - -=dislike= (only in the 3rd pers.), to displease, annoy; ‘Ile do’t, but -it dislikes me’, Othello, ii. 3. 49; Middleton, Women beware, iii. 1 -(Leantio). - -=disloignd,= distant, remote. Spencer, F. Q. iv. 10. 24. OF. -_desloignier_, to remove to a distance. O. Prov. _deslonhar_, ‘éloigner, -écarter’ (Levy). - -=dismay,= to terrify; ‘I dismaye, I put a person in fere or drede, _je -desmaye_ and _je esmaye_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 4; to defeat -by a sudden onslaught, id. v. 2. 8; vi. 10. 13. See Dict. - -=dismayd,= _dis-made_, mis-made, ill-formed. F. Q. ii. 11. 11. - -=disme,= a dime, a tithe, tenth. Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 19. OF. _disme_, a -tenth; see Ducange (s.v. Decimae). L. _decima_, a tenth part. - -=dispace,= to range, to move or walk about. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 295; -Muiopotmos, 250. Cp. Ital. _spaziare_, to walk about (Fanfani). - -=disparage,= inequality of rank in marriage; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 50. -ME. _disparage_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 908). Norm. F. _desparager_, -mésallier; _desparagement_, mésalliance, union inégale (Moisy). - -=disparent,= unequal, odd; with reference to the number five. ‘A -disparent pentacle’, i.e. a pentacle with an odd number of angles, Hero -and Leander, iii. 123; ‘The odd disparent number’, i.e. the odd number -of five, id. v. 323. - -=disparkle,= to scatter abroad, disperse (_trans._ and _intr._); -‘_Esparpiller_, to scatter, disperse, disparkle’, Cotgrave; ‘It -disparcleth the mist’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 45; ‘Not suffering his -radiations to disparcle abrode’ Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, -78); see Nares. An altered form of the earlier _disparple_, see NED. See -=sparkle.= - -=disparple, disperple,= to scatter abroad, disperse. Chapman, tr. -Odyssey, x. 473; _dispurple_, Heywood, Silver Age, iii (Wks. iii. 144). -ME. _disparple_ (Wyclif, Mark xiv. 27); see Dict. M. and S. OF. -_desparpelier_; for etym. from *_parpalio_, a Romanic form of L. -_papilio_, a butterfly (as in Ital. _parpaglione_, O. Prov. _parpalho_); -see NED. - -=dispense,= liberal expenditure. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 42; v. 11. 45. - -=dispergement,= ‘disparagement’, indignity. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -ii, c. 12, § 6. - -=display,= to discover, get sight of, descry. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 76; -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 74; xvii. 90; xxii. 280. See NED. (s.v. -Display, vb. 9). - -=disple,= to subject to the ‘discipline’ of the scourge, to scourge; -‘Bitter Penance with an yron whip Was wont him once to disple every -day’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27. In monastic Latin _disciplina_ = (1) a -penitential whipping, (2) the instrument of punishment itself; see -Ducange (s.v.). - -=dispose,= disposal; disposition. Two Gent. ii. 7. 86; Tr. and Cr. ii. -3. 174; Othello, i. 3. 403. - -=disposed,= inclined to merriment; in a merry mood. L. L. L. ii. 1. 250; -Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4 (Lady H.); Custom of the -Country, i. 1. 9. - -=dispunct,= impolite, discourteous, the reverse of punctilious; ‘Let’s -be retrograde. _Amorphus._ Stay. That were dispunct to the ladies’, B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2. - -=disqueat,= to disquiet, trouble. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 5, -st. 39. See =queat.= - -=disseat,= to unseat. Macbeth, v. 3. 21; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 85. - -=disseise,= to dispossess. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; vii. 7. 48. -Anglo-F. _disseisir_ (Rough List). A compound of OF. _seisir_ -(_saisir_), to put into possession, Frankish L. _sacire_; of Germanic -origin—_satjan_ (OHG. _sazjan_), to set, place; see NED. (s.v. Seize). -Cp. Ital. _sagire_, to put in full and quiet possession, namely of lands -(Florio). - -=dissident,= differing, different. Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, pp. -66, 130. L. _dissidens_, differing, disagreeing. - -=dissite,= situated apart, remote. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, vii. 270. L. -_dissitus_, situated part. - -=dissolve,= to solve; ‘Dissolve this doubtful riddle’, Massinger, Duke -of Milan, iv. 3 (Sforza); BIBLE, Daniel v. 16. [‘Thou hadst not between -death and birth Dissolved the riddle of the earth’, Tennyson, Two -Voices, 170.] - -=distance,= disagreement, estrangement. Macbeth, iii. 1. 115; ‘Distances -between his lady and him’, Pepys, Diary, Sept. 11, 1666. ME. _destance_, -difference (Gower, C. A. iii. 611). Anglo-F. _destance_, dispute, -disagreement (Gower, Mirour, 4957). See =staunce.= - -=distaste,= to have no taste for, to dislike, King Lear, i. 3. 14; to -offend the taste, Othello, iii. 3. 327. - -=distempered,= not temperate. Drayton, Pol. i. 4; disturbed in temper, -humour, King John, iv. 3. 21; disordered physically, Sonnet, 153; -mentally disordered, Milton, P. L. iv. 807; Massinger, Duke of Milan, i. -1. 18. - -=distract,= torn or drawn asunder; torn to pieces. Sh., Lover’s -Complaint, 231; perplexed by having the thoughts drawn in different -directions, Milton, Samson Ag. 1556; deranged in mind, Julius C., iv. 3. -155; Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 212. L. _distractus_, drawn asunder, -distracted. - -=distreyn,= to vex, distress. Sackville, Induction, st. 14; Surrey, The -Lover comforteth himself, 2; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 14. F. _destreindre_, -‘to straine, presse, vexe extremely’ (Cotgr.); L. _distringere_, to draw -asunder. - -=disyellow,= to free from jaundice. Warner, Albion’s England; bk. ii, -ch. 10, st. 13. - -=dit, ditt,= a poetical composition, a ditty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 13. -See NED. - -=ditch-constable,= a term of contempt. Middleton, A Mad World, v. 2 -(Follywit). - -=dite,= to winnow corn. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 498. Hence _diter_, -one who ‘dites’, id., v. 499. In common use in this sense in Scotland -and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dight, 6). - -=diurnal,= a journal, newspaper. Butler, Hudibras, i. 2. 268; Tatler, -no. 204, § 4. L. _diurnalis_, daily; from _dies_, day. - -=divedopper,= a small diving water-fowl. Drayton, Man in the Moon, 188. -See =didapper.= - -=diverse,= to turn aside; ‘The Redcrosse Knight diverst’, Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 3. 62. Only found here in this sense. - -=diversivolent,= of variable will, changeable. Webster, White Devil -(Lawyer), ed. Dyce, p. 20; (Flamineo), p. 25. A word coined by Webster. - -=diversory,= a place to which one turns in by the way. Chapman, tr. -Odyssey, xiv. 538. L. _diversorium_, an inn, freq. in Vulgate, cp. Luke -ii. 7; xxii. 11. - -=divine,= to render divine, to canonize. Spenser, Daphn., 214; Ruins of -Time, 611; Drayton, Pol. xxiv. 191. - -=divulst,= torn apart. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1. 4. L. _diuulsus_, -pp. of _diuellere_, to pluck asunder. - -=dizen,= to put flax on a distaff; ‘I dysyn a dystaffe, I put the flaxe -upon it to spynne’, Palsgrave; to dress, attire, ‘bedizen’; ‘Come, Doll, -Doll, dizen me’, Beaumont and Fl., M. Thomas, iv. 6. 3. In common use in -the north country in the sense of ‘to dress showily’ (EDD.). See Dict. -(s.v. Distaff). - -=dizling,= (perhaps) making dizzy, confusing; ‘His torch with dizling -smoke Was dim’, Golding, Metam. x. 6 (L. ‘Fax . . . lacrymoso stridula -fumo’). - -=dizzard, dizard,= a blockhead, foolish fellow. Brewer, Lingua, iii. 1 -(end). A Yorkshire word; cp. ‘dizzy’, used in the north country in the -sense of ‘foolish, stupid, half-witted’; OE. _dysig_ (Matt. vi. 26, -‘stultus’). - -=do,= to cause; ‘The villany . . . Which some hath put to shame, and -many done be dead’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 29; phr. _I cannot do withal_, -I cannot help it, Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (Sir Oliver); ‘I could -not do withal’ Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72. ME. _doon_, _do_, to cause -(Chaucer, freq.). - - =do way!= forbear! Surrey, A Song, 21; in Tottel’s Misc., p. - 219. - -=dob-chick,= a dab-chick, a small diving bird, _Podiceps minor_. -Drayton, Pol. xxv. 80; spelt _dop-chick_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. -686. ‘Dob-chick’ is in common prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). - -=docket,= the fleshy part of an animal’s tail. Greene, James IV, i. 2 -(Slip). Dimin. of _dock_, in the same sense. See NED. (s.v. Dock, -sb.^{2} 1). - -=doctor,= a false die; loaded so as to fall only in two or three ways. A -slang term; a ‘doctored die’, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Hackum); Cibber, Woman’s Wit, i (NED.). - -=dodder,= to tremble or shake from frailty; ‘Dodder grasses . . . so -called because with the least puff or blast of wind it doth as it were -dodder and tremble’, Minsheu, Ductor. - -=doddered:= phr. _doddered oak_, decayed with age; ‘Dodder’d oak’, -Dryden, tr. Persius, Sat. v. 80; Virgil, Past. ix. 9; ‘Doddered oaks’, -Palamon and Arc., iii. 905; Pope, Odyssey, xx. 200. ‘Doddered’ is in -prov. use in the north country in the sense of old, decayed, trembling: -‘A _doddered_ old man’, see EDD. s.v. Dother, vb.^{1} 1 (1)). - -=dodkin,= a little doit; a coin of very small value. Lyly, Mother -Bombie, ii. 2 (end). Du. _duytken_, dimin. of _duyt_, a doit (Hexham). -See NED. - -=doff,= a repulse, a ‘put off’. Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. -276. - -=dog,= to follow after; ‘To dog the fashion’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of -Humour, iv. 6 (Macilente). - -=dogbolt,= a contemptible fellow, mean wretch. Fletcher, Span. Curate, -ii. 2 (Lopez); Wit without Money, iii. 1. 32. As adj., worthless, base, -Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 40. The orig. sense was (probably) a crossbow-bolt, -only fit for shooting at a dog; see NED. - -=dog-leach,= a dog-doctor; a term of reproach. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. -2 (Memnon). - -=doily,= the name of a cheap stuff. Dryden, Kind Keeper, iv. 1; ‘doily -stuff’, Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iv. 4 (Lady Fanciful). See Dict. - -=dole,= portion in life; ‘Happy man be his dole’ (i.e. may happiness be -his portion), Merry Wives, iii. 4. 68; Butler, Hud., pt. i, c. 3. 638. - -=dole, dool,= grief, mourning, lamentation. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., -155; F. Q. iv. 8. 3. Spelt _dewle_, Sackville, Induction, st. 14. In -prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Dole, -sb.^{2}). OF. _dol_, _deul_, sorrow; see Bartsch (s.v. Duel). See -=duill.= - -=dole= (landmark); see =dool.= - -=dolent,= a sorrowing one, a sufferer. Calisto and Melibaea, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 82. L. _dolens_, grieving. - -=doly,= doleful, sad; ‘In doly season’, Wounds of Civil War, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 170; ‘This dolye chaunce’, Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 57). See =dole= (grief). - -=domineer,= to revel, feast; to live like a lord. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. -226; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 1. 76 (Downright). - -=dommerar, dummerer,= a begging vagabond who feigns to be dumb. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 9. See Harman, Caveat, p. 57; -‘Dummerers, Abraham men’, Burton, Anat. Mel. (ed. 1896), i. 409. - -=Dondego,= a Spaniard; short for ‘Don Diego’. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt -(Brett), ed. Dyce, p. 198. See =Diego.= - -=done, donne,= to do. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28; vi. 10. 32. ME. _doon_, -_don_, to do; _done_, _doon_, ger. (Chaucer). OE. _dōn_, to do. - -=donny,= somewhat ‘dun’, or brownish. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 400. See -NED. (s.v. Dunny, adj.^{1}). - -=donzel, donsel,= a squire, a page, youth. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4. -20; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). Ital. _donzello_, ‘a -damosell, page, squire, serving-man’ (Florio). Med. L. _domicellus_, -_domnicellus_ (Ducange); dimin. of L. _dominus_, lord. See Dict. (s.v. -Damsel). - -=dool, dole, dowle,= a boundary-mark; ‘With dowles and ditches’, -Golding, Metam. i. 136; fol. 3 (1603); ‘They pullid uppe the doolis’, -Paston Letters, i. 58. Low G. _dōle_, _dōl_, a boundary-mark (Koolman). -‘Dool’ is in common prov. use in this sense in the north country, see -EDD. (s.v. Dool, sb.^{2} 1). - -=dool;= see =dole= (grief). - -=door:= phr. _to keep the door_, to be a pandar. Middleton, A Fair -Quarrel, iv. 4 (Trimtram). _Door-keeper_, a bawd; id., The Black Book, -ed. Dyce, vol. iv, p. 525. - -=dop,= a dip, duck, low bow. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); -to dip, duck, dive, bob; Dryden, Epilogue to the Unhappy Favourite, 2. - -=dop,= to baptize. God’s Promises, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 318. Du. -_doopen_, to dip, baptize (Sewel). - -=dopper, doper,= a (Dutch) Anabaptist; ‘This is a _dopper_ (old ed. -_doper_), a she Anabaptist’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 -(Register); News from the New World (Factor). Du. _dooper_, a dipper, -baptizer (Sewel). - -=dor,= scoff, mockery. Phr. _to give the dor_, to make game of, B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2; _to receive the dor_, to be marked, -Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 29. Icel. _dār_, scoff. - -=dor,= to make game of, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iv. 1. 15. -Icel. _dāra_ to mock, make sport of. - -=dorado,= name of a species of fish; ‘The _Dorado_, which the English -confound with the Dolphin, is much like a Salmon’, J. Davies, tr. -Mandelslo (ed. 1669, iii. 196); a wealthy person, ‘A troop of these -ignorant Doradoes’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. ii, § 1. Span. -_dorado_, ‘a fish called a Dory, or Gilt head, an enemy to the Flying -Fish’ (Stevens); _dorar_, to gild; L. _deaurare_. See Stanford. - -=dorp,= a village. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 238, 298; Dryden, Hind and -Panther, iii. 6. 11. Du. _dorp_, a village. See Dict. (s.v. Thorp). - -=dorre,= applied to species of bees or flies; a bumble-bee; a drone-bee; -_fig._ a drone, a lazy idler; ‘Gentlemen which cannot be content to live -idle themselfes, lyke dorres’, Robynson, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 38). -OE. _dora_, ‘atticus’ (Epinal Gl., 119); cp. ‘Adticus, feld beo, dora’ -in Cleopatra Glosses (Voc. 351. 22). See NED. (s.v. Dor, sb.^{1}). - -=dorser;= see =dosser.= - -=dortour,= a sleeping room, bedchamber. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 24. ME. -_dortour_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1855). Norm. F. _dortur_ (Moisy), OF. -_dortoir_, Monastic L. _dormitorium_ (Ducange). - -=dosser,= a basket, pannier. Merry Devil, i. 3. 142; Jonson, Staple of -News, ii. [4.] (Almanac); spelt _dorser_, Beaumont and Fl., -Night-Walker, i. 1 (Lurcher). An E. Anglian word for a pannier slung -over a horse’s back (EDD). ME. _dosser_, a basket to carry on the back -(Chaucer, Hous F. 1940). F. _dossier_, ‘partie d’une hotte qui s’appuie -sur le dos de celui qui la porte’ (Hatzfeld). - -=dotes,= endowments, good qualities. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 2 -(Cler.); Underwoods, c. 25. L. _dotes_, pl. of _dos_, an endowment. - -=dottrel, dotterel,= a pollarded tree; also used attrib.; ‘Old dotterel -trees’, Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. ii (ed. Arber, p. 137); ‘A long-set -dottrel’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 465. ‘Dotterel’ is used in this -sense near Oxford, and in the south Midlands (EDD). - -=double reader,= a lawyer who is going through a second course of -reading; ‘I am a bencher, and now double reader’, B. Jonson, Magnetic -Lady, iv. 1 (Practice); ‘Men came to be _single readers_ at 15 or 16 -years standing in the House [Inn of Court] and _read double_ about 7 -years afterwards’, Sir W. Dugdale, Orig. Jur., 209 (Glossary to Jonson). - -=doubt,= i.e. _’doubt_, a shortened form of _redoubt_, a fortification. -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 286. - -=doucepere,= an illustrious knight or paladin. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. -31; orig. only used in the pl.: ME. _dozepers_ (_douzepers_), the twelve -peers or paladins of Charlemagne. Anglo-F. _li duze per_ (Ch. Rol. -3187). See NED. (s.v. Douzepers). - -=dough;= see =dow.= - -=dought,= to make afraid, Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Suctonius). See -=dout.= - -=douse,= to strike violently; ‘To death with daggers _doust_’ (also -wrongly, _dounst_, in ed. 1587), Mirror for Magistrates, Henry VI, st. -4. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). - -=douse,= a sweetheart. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 7. F. _douce_, fem. of -_doux_, sweet; L. _dulcis_. - -=dout,= fear; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 37. OF. _doute_, fear. - -=dow,= to thrive; ‘He’ll never dow’ (i.e. he’ll never do well), Ray, -North C. Words, 13; spelt _dough_, to be in health, Heywood, The Fair -Maid, ii. 1 (Clem). ‘Dow’ is in prov. use in the north, meaning to -thrive, prosper, also, to recover from sickness (EDD.). ME. _dowe_, pr. -s. 1 p., am able to do (Wars Alex. 4058). OE. _dugan_, to be able, to be -vigorous (see Wright, OE. Gram. § 541). - -=dowcets,= the testicles of a deer. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 -(1 Woodman); B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 6. In old cookery books _dowset_ -was the name of a sweet dish. F. _doucet_, dimin. of _doux_, sweet. See -NED. (s.v. Doucet), and cp. =dulcet.= - -=dowe,= ‘dough’. Lyly, Endimion, i. 2 (Tellus); ‘A lytell leven doth -leven the whole lompe of dowe’, Tyndale, Gal. v. 9. - -=dowl=(=e,= soft fine feathers. Tempest, iii. 3. 65 (see W. A. Wright’s -note). In prov. use in the S. Midlands for down or fluff (EDD.). ME. -_doule_, a down-feather (Plowman’s Tale, st. 14). See Notes on Eng. -Etym. - -=dowle,= see =dool.= - -=dowsabell,= a sweetheart. A name, used as a term for a sweetheart. Com. -of Errors, iv. 1. 110; London Prodigal, iv. 2. 73. F. _douce-belle_, L. -_dulcibella_, sweet and fair. - -=doxy,= a vagabond’s mistress. (Cant.) Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 2; -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). See Harman, Caveat, p. 73; where -the sing. form is _doxe_. - -=drabler, drabbler,= an additional piece of canvas, laced to the bottom -of a bonnet of a sail. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1328); p. 134, -col. 2; Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Y. Forrest); vol. vi, -p. 416. From _drabble_, to wet; from its position. Cp. E. Fris. -_drabbeln_, to stamp about in the water (Koolman). See EDD. (s.v. -Drabble). - -=dragon,= the name of a stage in the fermentation for producing the -elixir. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). - -=drake,= a dragon. Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory, ed. Dyce, p. 563. -‘_Drake_, dragon’, Levins, Manipulus. OE. _draca_, L. _draco_, Gk. -δράκων. - -=drane,= a drone. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 3; Skelton, -Against the Scottes, 172. ME. _drane_, ‘fucus’ (Prompt.). The pronunc. -of drone in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). OE. _drān_ (_drǣn_). - -=drapet,= a cloth, a covering. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 27. Cp. Ital. -_drappetto_, dimin. of _drappe_, cloth. - -=drasty,= worthless, rubbishy; ‘Drasty sluttish geere’, Hall, Sat. v. 2. -49; ‘Drasty ballats’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicioso). In -several places the _s_ has been misprinted as _f_; the error originated -with Thynne, who, in 1532, twice substituted _drafty_ for _drasty_ in -the Prologue to Melibeus: ‘Thy drasty spectre’ (C. T. B. 2113); ‘Thy -drasty ryming’ (id. 2120); see NED. OE. _dræstig_, ‘feculentus’ (Voc. -238. 20). - -=draw-cut,= done by drawing _cuts_ or lots. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, -Aeneid i, 515. See =cut= (1). - -=drawer,= a waiter at a tavern. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 165; Romeo, iii. 1. -9. One who _draws_ liquor for guests. - -=drawer-on,= an incitement to appetite. Massinger, Guardian, ii. 3 -(Cario). - -=drawlatch,= lit. one who lifts a latch; a sneaking thief. Jacob and -Esau, ii. 3 (Esau). - -=dray,= a squirrel’s nest. Drayton, Quest of Cynthia, st. 51; [The -squirrel] ‘Gets to the wood, and hides him in his dray’, W. Browne, -Brit. Pastorals, bk. i, song 5. A prov. word in general use (EDD.). - -=drazel,= a slattern, slut. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 987. The word is in use -in the south of England, in Sussex and Hampshire, see EDD. (s.v. -Drazil). - -=dread,= an object of reverence or awe. Milton, Samson, 1473; ‘Una, his -deare dreed’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 2. - -=drent,= drowned. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 49; v. 7. 39. ME. _dreint_ -(_dreynt_), pp. of _drenchen_, to drown (Chaucer, Bk. Duchess, 148). - -=drere,= grief, sorrow, gloom. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 40; ii. 12. 36. -Hence, _drerihed_, sadness, id., Muiopotmos, 347; _dreriment_, Shep. -Kal., Nov., 36. - -=dresser.= The signal for the servants to take in the dinner was the -cook’s knocking on the dresser, thence called the cook’s drum (Nares); -‘When the dresser, the cook’s drum, thunders’, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, -iii. 1 (Steward); ‘The dresser calls in (_Knock within, as at -dresser_)’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., iii. 1 (Seely); vol. iv, p. 206; -‘Hark! they knock to the dresser’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (end). - -=dretched,= _pp._, vexed or disturbed by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf 402. -31; bk. xx, c. 5. OE. _dreccan_, to vex. - - =dretchyng of swevens,= vexation by dreams. Morte Arthur, leaf - 430*. 7; bk. xxi, c. 12. - -=drib,= to let fall in drops or driblets, to dribble out. Dryden, -Prologue to The Loyal Brother, 22. Cp. prov. ‘drib’, a drop, a small -quantity of liquid (EDD.). - -=dricksie,= decayed; as timber; ‘A drie and dricksie oak’, Puttenham, -Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 252. See _Droxy_ in EDD.; and _Drix_ in -NED. - -=drink,= to smoke tobacco. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Laxton). A -common expression. See Nares. - -=drivel,= a drudge, a servant doing menial work; ‘A Drudge, or driuell’, -Baret (1580); Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2, 3; ‘A dyshwasher, a dryvyll’, -Skelton, Against Garnesche, 26. Spelt _drevil_, Tusser, Husbandry, § -113. 12. ME. _drivil_, a drudge, a menial (see Prompt. EETS., note no. -588); cp. Du. _drevel_, ‘a scullion, or a turnspit’ (Hexham). See NED. - -=droil,= a drudge, a menial. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, -ii. 1. 19; Brome, New Acad. ii, p. 40 (Nares). See Prompt. EETS. (note -no. 588). - -=droil,= to drudge. Spelt _droyle_, Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 157. Hence -_droil_, drudgery, Shirley, Gentlemen of Venice, i. 2. - -=drollery,= a puppet-show; a puppet; a caricature. Tempest, iii. 3. 21; -Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Wildgoose Chase, i. 2. 21; 2 -Hen. IV, ii. 1. 156. F. _drôlerie_, ‘waggery; a merry prank’; _dróle_, -‘a good fellow, boon companion, merry grig, pleasant wag; one that cares -not which end goes forward or how the world goes’ (Cotgr.). - -=dromound,= a large ship, propelled by many oars. Morte Arthur, leaf 82, -back, 30; bk. v, c. 3 (end). Anglo-F. _dromund_ (Rough List), OF. -_dromon_, Med. L. _dromō_ (Ducange), Byzant. Gk. δρόμων, a large ship; -cogn. with Gk. δρόμος, a racing, a course. - -=drone,= to smoke (a pipe); ‘Droning a tobacco-pipe’, B. Jonson, Sil. -Woman, iv. 1; Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 3. - -=dronel, dronet,= a drone; ‘That dronel’, Appius and Virginia, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 151; ‘Like vnto dronets’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, -To Reader (ed. Furnivall, p. xi). - -=dropshot:= phr. _at dropshot_; ‘I’ll do no more at dropshot’ (i.e. I’ll -do no more in the character of an eaves-dropper, or where one can be -_shot_ with _drops_), Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, iii. 6 (end). - -=drossel,= a slattern, a slut. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 47, -st. 12. A north Yorkshire word (EDD.). See =drazel.= - -=drouson;= ‘Boiling oatemeale . . . with barme or the dregges and hinder -ends of your beere barrels makes an excellent pottage . . . of great vse -in all the parts of the West Countrie . . . called by the name of -drouson potage’, Markham, Farewell, 133 (EDD.); ‘Drowsen broath’, London -Prodigal, ii. 1. 42. OE. _drōsna_, lees, dregs. - -=droye,= a servant, a drudge. Spelt _droie_; Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 3; -Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78). - -=droye,= to drudge, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 664. - -=druggerman,= a ‘dragoman’, interpreter. Dryden, Don Sebastian, ii. 1 -(Emperor); [Pope, Donne’s Sat. iv. 83]. See Dict. (s.v. Dragoman); also -Stanford. - -=drum:= phr. _Jack Drum’s entertainment_, ill-treatment, esp. by turning -a man out of doors, Heywood, ii. 2 (Sencer). _To sell by the drum_, to -sell by auction; in North’s Plutarch, Octavius, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., p. -255, n. 3); hence, _by the dromme_ (by the drum), in public, Warner, -Albion’s England, bk. ix, c. 53, st. 31. - -=drumble,= to be sluggish, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; a sluggish, stupid -person, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. A dull, -inactive person is called a ‘drummil’ in Warwickshire. A person moving -lazily about is said to ‘drumble’ in Cornwall (EDD.). Norw. _drumla_, to -be drowsy; Swed. _drummel_, a blockhead. - -=drumslade, dromslade,= a drum; ‘Dromslade, suche as Almayns use in -warre, _bedon_’, Palsgrave. Also spelt _drumslet_; Golding, Metam. xii. -481; fol. 149, bk. (1603). Du. _trommelslag_ (G. _trommelschlag_), the -beat of a drum. - -=drumsler,= a drummer. Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 224, 241. A form corrupted -from _drumslager_, once in use to mean ‘drummer’. Du. _trommelslager_, a -drummer (Sewel). See above. - -=dry-fat,= a cask, case, or box for holding dry things, not liquids; ‘A -dry-fat of new books’, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, i. 2 (Brisae); -_dry-vat_, Dekker, Shoemakers’ H., v. 2 (Firk). See Dict. (s.v. Vat). - -=dry-foot:= phr. _to draw_ or _hunt dry-foot_, to track game by the mere -scent of the foot. Com. Errors, iv. 2. 39; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 2 -(Brainworm). - -=Du cat-a whee,= God preserve you! Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); Monsieur Thomas, i. 2. 8; _Dugat a whee_, -Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Welshwoman). Welsh _Duw cadw chwi_, God -preserve you! - -=dub,= a stroke, blow; _Lydian dubs_, soft taps, like soft Lydian music; -_Phrygian dubs_, hard blows, like loud Phrygian music. Butler, Hudibras, -ii. 1. 850. - -=ducdame,= a word in the burden of a song. In As You Like It, ii. 5. 56. -Doubtless a coined word, and admirably defined by Shakespeare as ‘a -Greek invocation to call fools into a circle’; which I accept as it -stands. - -=duce.= Used in interjectional and imprecatory phrases; ‘I wonder where -a duce the third is fled’, Roger Boyle, Guzman, i; ‘Who a duce are those -two fellows?’ id., ii; ‘Who a duce is here by our door?’ (Socia), -Echard, Plautus (ed. 1694, 13); Centlivre, Busie Body (ed. 1732, 41). - - =duce= is the same word as _deuce_, an E. form of F. _deux_, - two. The orig. sense of ‘a duce’ was exclamatory, signifying, - ‘Oh! ill-luck, the _deuce_!’—two being a losing throw at dice. - The form _duce_ came to us immediately from a Low G. - dialect—_dûs_, found in MHG.; cp. G. ‘was der Daus!’ (what the - deuce!). See Dict. (s.v. Deuce). - -=dudder,= to tremble, quake, shake. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 -(Cuddy). ‘Dudder’ is a prov. word in various parts of Scotland and -England, see EDD. (s.v. Duther). See =dodder.= - -=dudgeon,= the hilt of a dagger made of a kind of wood called dudgin -(dudgeon). Macbeth, ii. 1. 46. ME. _dojoun_, or masere (Prompt., ed. -Way, 436). - -=dudgeon,= the same word as the one above, used attrib. in the sense of -plain, homely; since a _dudgeon_ was regarded as a common sort of haft; -‘I am plain and dudgeon’, Fletcher, Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); ‘I use old -dudgeon’, phrase, id., Queen of Corinth, ii. 4 (Conon). - -=dudgeon-dagger,= a dagger with a hilt made of ‘dudgeon’. Beaumont and -Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1 (Curio); _dudgin dagger_, Kyd, Soliman, i. 3. 160. -Shortened to _dudgeon_, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 379. - -=Dugat a whee;= see =Du cat-a whee.= - -=duill,= to grieve, sadden, make sorrowful; ‘It duills me’, B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maudlin). Cp. F. _deuil_, grief. See =dole.= - -=duke,= a name for the castle or rook, at chess; ‘Dukes? They’re called -Rooks by some’, Middleton, A Game at Chess, Induct. 54; Women beware, -ii. 2 (Livia). - -=Duke Humphrey, to dine with,= to go without dinner; ‘He may chaunce -dine with duke Homphrye tomorrow’, Sir Thos. More, iv. 2. 361. One who -had no prospect of a dinner would walk in St. Paul’s, under the pretence -of going to see Duke Humphrey’s monument there; on the chance that he -might meet there some acquaintance who would invite him. But Duke -Humphrey was actually buried at St. Albans (see Stowe’s Survey, ed. -Thoms, 125). Cp. Mayne, City Match, iii. 3 (Plotwell and Timothy). See -Nares. - -=dulcet,= the dowcet of a stag. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 219. A -latinized form; see =dowcets.= - -=dumbfounding,= a stupefying; said to mean a rough amusement in which -one person struck another hard and stealthily upon the back; ‘That witty -recreation, called dumbfounding’, Dryden, Prologue to the Prophetess, -47. See EDD. (s.v. Dumbfounder). - -=dummerer;= see =dommerar.= - -=dump,= a fit of abstraction or musing; ‘I dumpe, I fall in a dumpe or -musyng upon thynges’, Palsgrave; ‘Lethargic dump’, Butler, Hudibras, i. -2. 973; a fit of melancholy, ‘In doleful dump’, id., ii. 1. 85; a -plaintive melody or song, Two Gent. iii. 2. 85; used of a kind of dance, -‘The devil’s dump had been danced then’, Fletcher, Pilgrim, v. 4 -(Roderigo). - -=dunny,= somewhat ‘dun’, or dusky brown. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 400. A -north-country word (EDD.). See =donny.= - -=Dun’s in the mire= (the horse is stuck in the mire), the name of a -rustic game in which the players had to extricate a wooden ‘dun’ (a -horse) from an imaginary slough. ‘Dun is in the mire’ became a -proverbial phrase, so in Chaucer, Manciple’s Prologue, 5. ‘Dun’s i’ th’ -mire’, Fletcher, “Woman-hater, iv. 2 (Pandar). The game is alluded to in -Romeo, i. 4. 41. ‘If thou art Dun we’ll draw thee from the mire’, and in -Hudibras, iii. 3. 110, ‘Your trusty squire, Who has dragg’d your dunship -out o’ th’ mire’. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (under ‘Games’), and Gifford’s -Ben Jonson, vii. 283 (Nares). - -=dun’s the mouse,= the mouse is brown. A jocose phrase of small meaning; -sometimes used after another has used the word _done_; Romeo, i. 4. 40; -London Prodigal, iv. 1. 16. - -=Dunstable, plain= (a proverbial phrase), plain speaking. Witch of -Edmonton, i. 2 (Old Carter). Cp. the proverb, ‘As plain as Dunstable -highway’, Heywood’s Eng. Proverbs, 69, 136; ‘As plain as Dunstable -road’, Fuller, Worthies, i. 114 (NED.). See Nares. - -=durance,= confinement. L. L. L. iii. 1. 135; 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 37; -durableness, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 49. Cp. ‘As the tailor, that out of seven -yards stole one and a half of durance’, i.e. durable cloth, Three Ladies -of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344. - -=Durandell,= a trusty sword. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 123. OF. -_Durendal_, the name of the sword of Roland (Ch. Rol. 926). See -=Durindana.= - -=duret,= some kind of dance; ‘Galliards, durets, corantoes’, Beaumont, -Masque at Gray’s Inn, stage direction (near the end). - -=duretta,= a coarse stuff of a durable quality. Mayne, City Match, i. 5 -(Timothy). Also _duretto_ (NED.). Ital. _duretto_, ‘somewhat hard’ -(Florio). - -=Durindana,= the name of Orlando’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. -iii. 1 (Bobadil); Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); -_Durindan_, Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (Calveskin). Ital. _Durindana_ -(Ariosto); see Fanfani. The Italian name for _Durendal_, by which the -famous sword of Roland is known in the old French _Chansons de Geste_. -See Gautier’s note on ‘Durendal’ in his ‘Chanson de Roland’, l. 926, p. -90. - -=dust,= to hurl, fling, cast with force. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. -544; xxi. 377. See EDD. - -=dust-point,= a boys’ game in which ‘points’ were laid in a heap of -dust, and thrown at with a stone; ‘Our boyes, laying their points in a -heape of dust, and throwing at them with a stone, call that play of -theirs Dust-point’, Cotgrave (s.v. _Darde_). Fletcher, Captain, iii. 3 -(Clora); Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi. (Melanthus). - -=Dutch widow,= a cant term for a prostitute. Middleton, A Trick to -Catch, iii. 3 (Drawer). - -=dutt,= to dote; ‘Dutting Duttrell’ (i.e. doting dotterel), Edwards, -Damon and Pithias; altered to _doating dottrel_ in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -iv. 68; but see Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88, l. 1. - -=dwine,= to pine away; ‘He . . . dwyned awaye’, Morte Arthur, leaf 429*, -back, 8; bk. xxi, c. 12; _dwynd_, withered, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -ii. 567 (ed. Arber, p. 61). In common prov. use in Scotland and the -north of England (EDD.). ME. _dwynyn awey_, ‘evanesco’ (Prompt.). OE. -_dwīnan_. - -=dybell,= (probably) trouble, difficulty; ‘My son’s in Dybell here, in -Caperdochy, i’ tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72. Perhaps the -same word as ‘dibles’ (or daibles), an E. Anglian word for difficulties, -embarrassments (EDD.). - - - - - E - - -=e-,= prefix, for the more usual _y-_ (AS. _ge-_), prefixed to past -participles. Exx. _emixt_, mixed, Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. 9; -_etride_, tried, id., Sabrine, st. 26. - -=eager,= keen, sharp, severe. Hamlet, i. 4. 2; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xi. 231. - -=eagre,= a ‘bore’ in a river; an incoming tidal wave of unusual height. -Dryden, Threnodia Augustalis, 132; spelt _agar_, Lyly, Galathea, i. 1 -(Tyterus). In prov. use in many forms: _aiger_, _ager_, _eager_, -_eygre_, _hygre_, &c., in Yorks., Nottingham, Lincoln, and E. Anglia -(EDD.). See =higre.= - -=eame;= see =eme.= - -=ean.= Of ewes: to lamb, bring forth young, to ‘yean’, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. -36. Hence, _Eaning-time_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Robin). ‘To -ean’ is in prov. use in various spellings in many parts of England from -the north country to Devon (EDD.). ME. _enyn_, ‘feto’ (Prompt. EETS. -150); OE. _ēanian_, to yean. See Brugmann, § 671. - -=ear,= to plough. BIBLE, Deut. xxi. 4; 1 Sam. viii. 12; Is. xxx. 24. In -prov. use (EDD.). ME. _ere_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 886), OE. _erian_. See -Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=earn, erne,= to grieve, to be afflicted with poignant sorrow and -compassion. Hen. V, ii. 3. 3 (mod. edd. _yearn_); Julius C., ii. 2. 129; -_it earns me_, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 6 -(Overdo); _earne_, to yearn, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 3; i. 6. 25; i. 9. 18; -_erne_, ii. 3. 46. ME. _ȝernen_, to yearn (P. Plowman), OE. _geornan_; -see Dict. M. and S., p. 267. - -=earth,= a ploughing. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 50. In prov. use in -Suffolk, Hants., Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Earth, sb.^{2}). OE. _erð_ for -WS. _ierđ_, a ploughing (Sweet), deriv. of _erian_, to plough, ‘to ear’; -not the same word as OE. _eorðe_, earth. - -=easing,= the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘Under the easing of the -house’, North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 16 (end); ‘_Severonde_, the -eave, eaving or easing of a house’, Cotgrave. In gen. prov. use in -various spellings, in Scotland and Ireland, and in England, in the north -and Midlands to Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. _esynge_, ‘tectum’ (Cath. Angl.). -See =evesing.= - -=eater,= a servant. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Morose). - -=eath,= easy. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Shep. Kal., Sept., 17; spelt -_ethe_, id., July, 90. A north-country word, once much used in poetry -(EDD.). ME. _ethe_, easy (Cursor M. 597), OE. _ēaðe_, easy, _ēað_ -(common in compounds). - -=eathly,= easily. Peele, Order of the Garter, ed. Dyce, p. 587. Common -in Scottish poetry (EDD.). - -=eaths,= easily. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 130. The _s_ has an adverbial -force. - -=eccentric,= not concentric with; hence, disagreeing with. Bacon, Essay -23; an orbit not having the earth precisely in the centre (a contrivance -in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, for explaining the phenomena), id. -17. - -=eche,= to ‘eke’, to make up a deficiency; ‘To eche it and to draw it -out in length’, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 23 (Qq 3, 4, _eech_). Cp. -Northampton dialect, ‘My gown’s too short, I must eche it a bit’, see -EDD. (s.v. Eke, vb. 3). ME. _echen_, to increase (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -i. 887), OE. (Mercian) _ēcan_, WS. _īecan_, to increase. - -=edder,= an adder. Morte Arthur, leaf 290. 11; bk. xi, c. 5; Skelton, -Philip Sparowe, 78. ME. _eddyr_, an adder (Prompt. EETS. 142). - -=edder,= fence-wood, osiers or rods of hazel, used for interlacing the -stakes of a hedge at the top; ‘Edder and stake’, Tusser, Husbandry, § -33. 13; _eddered_, bound with edders, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 126. 7; -_edderynge_, id. In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England; for various -spellings see EDD. - -=eddish, edish,= the aftermath or second crop of grass, clover, &c.; -‘Eddish, eadish, etch, ersh, the latter pasture or grass that comes -after mowing or reaping’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust. (A.D. 1681); Tusser, -Husbandry, § 18. 4; stubble, ‘Eddish . . . more properly the stubble or -gratten in cornfields’, Bp. Kennett (NED.). In gen. prov. use in England -(EDD.). OE. _edisc_, ‘pascua’ (Ps. xcix. 3). - -=edge,= to urge, encourage, stimulate. Bacon, Essay 41, § 5. The -pronunc. of _egg_ (to incite) in use in various parts of England from -Lancash. to Cornwall (EDD.). ME. _eggen_, to incite (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, -182), Icel. _eggja_. - -=edify,= to build; ‘There was an holy chappell edifyde’, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 1. 34; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 660. F. _edifier_, to edifie, build -(Cotgr.), L. _aedificare_. - -=effaut,= for _F fa ut_, the full name of the musical note _F_, which -was sung to _fa_ or to _ut_ according as it occurred in one or other of -the hexachords (imperfect scales) to which it belonged (NED.). -Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 5 (Bayes). The first hexachord contained -G (the lowest note), A, B, C, D, E (but not F); the second contained C, -D, E, F, G, A, sung to _ut_, _re_, _mi_, _fa_, _sol_, _la_, F being sung -to _fa_; the third began with F, sung to _ut_; so that F was sung to -_fa_ or _ut_, and was called F _fa ut_. - -=efficace,= effectiveness, efficacy. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 602. F. -_efficace_, efficacy (Cotgr.), L. _efficacia_ (Pliny). - -=efficient,= creative or productive cause. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, -pt. 1, § 14; id., Vulgar Errors, bk. vii, c. 4, § 2. - -=egal,= equal. Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 13 (F.); _egally_, equally, Richard -III, iii. 7. 213; _egalness_, equality, Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 -(Philander). F. _égal_. - -=eggs:= phr. _to have eggs on the spit_, to be busy; with reference to -the old mode of roasting eggs; ‘I have eggs on the spit’, B. Jonson, Ev. -Man in Hum. iii. 6. 47; see Wheatley’s note. - -=eggs:= phr. _to take eggs for money_, to accept an offer which one -would rather refuse. Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 161. (Fully explained by me in -Phil. Soc. Trans., 1903, p. 146). Farmers’ daughters would go to market, -taking with them a basket of eggs. If one bought something worth -(suppose) 3_s._ 4_d._, she would pay the 3_s._ and say—‘will you take -eggs for money?’ If the shopman weakly consented, he received the value -of the 4_d._ in eggs; usually (16th cent.) at the rate of 4 or 5 a -penny. But the strong-minded shopman would refuse. Eggs were even used -to pay interest for money. Thus Rowley has: ‘By Easter next you should -have the principal, and eggs for the use [interest], indeed, sir. -_Bloodhound._ Oh rogue, rogue, I shall have eggs for my money! I must -hang myself’, A Match at Midnight, v. 1. See Nares (s.v. Eggs for -Money). - -=eisel,= vinegar; ‘I will drink potions of eisel’, Sh. Sonnets, cxi; -spelt _eysel_. Skelton, Now Synge We, 40. ME. _esyle_, ‘acetum’ (Prompt. -EETS. 147, see note no. 661); _aysel_ (Hampole, Ps. lxviii. 26). OF. -_aisil_, vinegar (Oxford Ps. lxviii. 26). - -=ejaculation,= a darting forth. Bacon, Essay 9, § 1. - -=E-la,= the highest note in the old musical scale, sung to the syllable -_la_ in the old gamut; which began with G (_ut_) on the lowest line of -the base clef, and ended with E in the highest space of the treble clef. -Whoever sang a higher note than this was said to sing ‘above E-_la_’. -Hence anything extreme was said ‘to be above E-_la_’. ‘Why, this is -above E-_la_!’ Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iv. 4 (Leontius; -near the end). N.B. The old gamut was really founded on hexachords or -major sixths; each hexachord contained six notes and comprised four full -tones and a semitone, the semitone being in the middle, between the -third and fourth note. The hexachords began (in ascending succession) -upon the lower G, C, F, G (above F), C (still higher), F (above the last -C), and G (above the last F). There were twenty notes in all; viz. G A B -C D E F G A B C D E F G A B C D E; and each of the hexachords was sung -to the same syllables, _ut_, _re_, _mi_, _fa_, _sol_, _la_. The highest -hexachord contained the G A B C D E at the top of the scale; and as E -was thus sung to _la_, it was called E-_la_. It had no other name, -because it only occurred in the highest hexachord. In hexachords -beginning with F the B was flat. - -=eld,= to ail; ‘What thing eldeth thee?’ Thersites, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 414. Cp. _aild_, prov. pronunc. of _ail_ (vb.): ‘He’s allus -aildin’ (Worcestersh.); _aildy_, ailing, poorly, ‘I be very aildy -to-day’ (Northampton); so in Beds., _teste_ J. W. Burgon, see EDD. (s.v. -Ail and Aildy). In Shropsh. they say _elded_ for _ailed_. - -=elder,= an elder-tree. It was an old belief that Judas Iscariot hung -himself upon an elder. See L. L. L. v. 2. 610; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of -Humour, iv. 4 (Carlo). See P. Plowman, C. ii. 64 (Notes, p. 31). - -=elegant,= for =alicant,= q.v. A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 1. 18. - -=element,= the sky. Julius Caes. i. 3. 128; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., -116; Milton, Comus, 299. In common prov. use in the west country. A -Somerset man describing a thunderstorm would say, ‘Th’ element was all -to a flicker’ (EDD.). - -=elenche, elench,= a logical refutation, a syllogism in refutation of an -argument. Massinger, Emperor of the East, ii. 1 (Theodosius). Also, a -sophistical argument, a fallacy; Bacon, Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, § xiv. -5. L. _elenchus_, Gk. ἔλεγχος, cross-examination. - -=elk,= the wild swan, or hooper. ‘The Elk’, in the margin of Golding’s -tr. of Ovid, Metam. xiv. 509; ‘In hard winters elks, a kind of wild -swan, are seen’, Sir T. Browne (Wks. ed. 1893, iii. 313); ‘_Swanne_, -some take thys to be the elke or wild swanne’, Huloet. See =ilke.= - -=ellops,= a kind of serpent. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. ἔλλοψ, ἔλοψ, lit. -‘mute’, an epithet of fish (so Prellwitz); name for a certain sea-fish, -probably the sword-fish or sturgeon, later, a serpent. - -=embase,= to debase, lower. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 20; Sonnet 82. - -=embassade,= a mission as ambassador. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 32; also, -quasi-adv., on an embassy, Spenser, Hymn in Honour of Beauty, 251. F. -_embassade_, an embassage; also an embassador accompanied with his -ordinary train (Cotgr.). - -=embay,= to bathe, drench, wet, steep. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 27; ii. 12. -60. Metaph., to bathe (oneself in sunshine); Muiopotmos, 200; to -pervade, suffuse, F. Q. i. 9. 13. - -=embayed, imbayed,= enclosed as in a bay; enveloped, engirt. Spelt -_imbayed_, enclosed; Capt. Smith, Works, ed. Arber, p. 333, l. 3; -_embayed_, engirt, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 230. - -=embayle,= to enclose, encompass. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27. - -=embezzle,= to waste, squander; ‘His bills embezzled’, Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lincoln); Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia, c. -iii, § 7. See NED. - -=emboss,= to ornament with bosses or studs, to decorate. Spenser, F. Q. -iv. 4. 15; Shep. Kal., Feb., 67. - -=embost= (of a hunted animal). A stag was said to be _embossed_ -(_embost_) when blown and fatigued with being chased—foaming, panting, -unable to hold out any longer; ‘The boar of Thessaly Was never so -emboss’d’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 11. 3; ‘The salvage beast embost in wearie -chace’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 22. Metaph., ‘Our feeble harts Embost -with bale’, i. 9. 29; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 7. ME. -_embose_, to plunge deeply into a wood or thicket (Chaucer, Dethe -Blaunche, 353). OF. _bos_ (_bois_), a wood. See =imbost.= - -=embost,= encased, enclosed (as in armour); ‘A knight . . . in mighty -armes embost’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 24. - -=embowd,= arched over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 19. - -=embraid,= to upbraid, taunt, mock. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. -7, § 2; Tusser, Husbandry, § 112, st. 7. Cp. ME. _breydyn_ or -_upbraydyn_, ‘Impropereo’ (Prompt. EETS. 64). OE. _bregdan_, to bring a -charge (B. T. Suppl.), Icel. _bregða_, to upbraid, blame. - -=embrave,= to embellish, decorate. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 60. - -=embrew,= to ‘imbrue’, cover with blood; ‘With wyde wounds embrewed’, -Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17; Hymn of Love, 13. - -=embrocata,= a thrust in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villany, Sat. xi. -57. See =imbroccato.= - -=eme,= uncle. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 47; spelt _eame_, Drayton, Pol. -xxii. 427. 848. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _eme_, fadiris brodyr, -‘patruus’ (Prompt.), OE. _ēam_. - -=emeril,= emery. Drayton, Pol. i. 53. F. _emeril_, emery (Cotgr.); OF. -_esmeril_; Ital. _smeriglio_, deriv. of Gk. σμύρις, emery-powder. - -=emmarble,= to convert into marble. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 139. - -=emmew,= or =enmew;= errors for =enew,= q.v. - -=empair,= to harm, injure. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 48; to become less, to -be diminished, id., v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. Impair). - -=empale,= to surround, enclose. Sackville. Induction, st. 67. - -=emparlance,= parley, talk. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 50. Cp. Norm. F. -_emparler_, ‘parler, entretenir’, also ‘entretien’ (Moisy), O. Prov. -_emparlat_, ‘éloquent’ (Levy). - -=empeach,= to hinder. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 34; ii. 7. 15; ‘I empesshe, -or let one of his purpose’, Palsgrave. F. _empescher_, ‘to hinder’ -(Cotgr.); O. Prov. _empedegar_, ‘empêcher’ (Levy), Med. L. _impedicare_, -‘implicare’ (Ducange). See =impeach.= - -=empery,= dominion, rank of an emperor. Titus And. i. 1. 201; Hen. V, i. -2. 226. Norm. F. _emperie_ (Moisy), L. _imperium_, empire. - -=empesshement,= hindrance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 131. 29. See -=impechement.= - -=emprese,= ‘emprise’, enterprise, undertaking. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xi. 257. See NED. (s.v. Emprise). - -=emprise,= an undertaking, an enterprise. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., -83; chivalric enterprise, martial prowess, Milton, P. L. xi. 642; ‘In -brave poursuit of chevalrous emprize’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1. Norm. F. -_emprise_, ‘entreprise’ (Moisy). - -=enaunter,= lest by chance. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 200; May, 78; -Sept., 161. ‘Anaunters’ is a north-country word, in the sense of ‘lest, -in case that’ (EDD.). ME. _enantyr_; _an aunter_, in case that (P. -Plowman, C. iv. 437); also, _an aventure_ (id., B. iii. 279), see Dict. -M. and S. (s.v. Aventure); Anglo-F. _en_ + _aventure_, chance (Gower). - -=enbassement,= dread, terror, ‘abashment’. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -159. 25; _enbaysshement_, lf. 91. 31. Cp. ME. _enbasshinge_, -bewilderment (Chaucer, Boethius 4, p. 1. 43). - -=enbolned,= swollen, puffed up. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 207, l. 7 from -bottom. Cp. ME. _bolnyd_, swollen (Wyclif, 1 Cor. v. 2). - -=enchase,= to set (a jewel) in gold or other setting; used _fig._ -Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 23; to engrave figures on a surface, Shep. Kal., -August, 27; to shut in, enclose, M. Hubberd’s Tale, 626; Chapman, tr. -Iliad, xii. 56; xix. 346. - -=encheason,= occasion, reason. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 147. ME. -_encheson_, ‘occasio’ (Prompt. EETS. 312), Anglo-F. _enchesoun_, -occasion (Gower), Norm. F. _acheisun_, ‘raison, cause, motif’ (Moisy); -L. _occasio_. - -=endlong,= from end to end of, through the length of; ‘Endlong many -yeeres and ages’, Holland, Livy, 921; right along, straight on, Dryden, -Palamon, iii. 691. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. -_endelong_, through the length of (Chaucer, C. T. F. 992). - -=endosse,= to inscribe. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 53; Colin Clout, 634; -Palsgrave. Anglo-F. _endosser_, to endorse (Rough List); to write on the -back of a document, deriv. of F. _dos_, L. _dorsum_, back. - -=endue,= to endow; ‘God hath endued me with a good dowry’ (Vulg. -_Dotavit me Deus dote bona_), BIBLE, Gen. xxx. 20; spelt _endew_, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 51; ‘The King hath . . . endewed (the house) with -parkes orchardes’, Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 5. See =indue.= - -=endurance,= also written =indurance,= patience; ‘Past the endurance of -a block’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 248; imprisonment, durance, ‘I should have -tane some paines to have heard you Without endurance further’, Hen. -VIII, v. 1. 122 (the phrase is taken from Foxe’s account of Cranmer’s -trial); ‘The indurance of their Generall’, Knolles, Hist. Turks, 1256 -(NED.). - -=endure,= to indurate, harden. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27. Norm. F. -_s’endurer_, to harden oneself (Moisy). - -=eneled,= anointed, as one who has received extreme unction. Morte -Arthur, leaf 429*, back, 25; bk. xxi, c. 12; Caxton, Golden Legend, 337, -see NED. (s.v. Anele). - -=enew= (t. t. in hawking), to drive a fowl into the water; ‘Let her enew -the fowl so long till she bring it to the plunge’, Markham, Countr. -Content. (ed. 1668, i. 5. 32); ‘Follies doth enew (misprinted _emmew_, -Ff.) As Falcon doth the Fowle’, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 91. Spelt _ineawe_, -to plunge into the water, Drayton, Pol. xx. 284. Anglo-F. _eneauer_, to -wet (Gower), Norm. F. _ewe_ (F. _eau_), water. See =inmew.= - -=enewed;= see =ennewe.= - -=enfeloned,= made fell or fierce. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 48. - -=enfired,= kindled, set on fire. Spenser, Hymn to Love, 169. - -=enform,= to mould, fashion. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 3. - -=enfouldred,= hurled out like thunder and lightning. Spenser, F. Q. i. -11. 40. OF. _fouldre_ (F. _foudre_), Romanic type _folgere_, L. -_fulgur_, a thunderbolt. - -=enfounder,= to drive in, to batter in. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, -back, 30; lf. 295, back, 25; to stumble, as a horse, to ‘founder’; ‘His -horse enfoundred under hym’, Berners, Arth., 87 (NED.). F. _enfondrer_ -(un harnois), to make a great dint in an armour; also, to plunge into -the bottom of a puddle or mire (Cotgr.). - -=enginous,= ingenious. Hero and Leander, iii. 312; Chapman, tr. of -Odyssey, i. 452. Cp. Scot, _engine_ (_ingine_), intellect, mental -capacity (EDD.). F. _engin_, understanding reach of wit (Cotgr.). L. -_ingenium_, natural capacity. See =ingine.= - -=engle;= see =ingle.= - -=englin,= the name of a Welsh metre. Drayton, Pol. iv. 181. W. _englyn_. -The Note has: _Englyns_ are couplets interchanged of sixteen and -fourteen feet. - -=engore,= to ‘gore’, wound deeply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 42. - -=engraile,= to give a serrated appearance to; ‘I (the river Wear) indent -the earth, and then I it engraile With many a turn’, Drayton, Pol. xxix. -380; _engrail’d_, variegated, ‘A caldron new engrail’d with twenty -hues’, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 761. - -=engrain,= to dye ‘in grain’, or of a fast colour. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Feb., 131. See Dict. (s.v. Grain). - -=engrave,= to bury. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 42; ii. 1. 60. - -=enhalse,= to greet, salute. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 58. See -=halse.= - -=ennewe,= to tint, shade; ‘With rose-colour ennewed’, Calisto and -Meliba, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 62; ‘The one shylde was enewed with -whyte’, Morte Arthur, leaf 55. back, 24; bk. iii, ch. 9 (end). Perhaps -fr. F. _nuer_, to shade, tint (Godefroy), see NED. - -=enow,= pl. form of ‘enough’; ‘Foes enow’, Milton, P. L. ii. 504; -‘Christians enow’, Merch. Ven. iii. 5. 24; ‘French quarrels enow’, Hen. -V, iv. 1. 222. ME. _ynowe_: ‘Wommen y-nowe’ (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, -233), OE. _genōge_, pl. of _genōg_, enough. - -=enpesshe,= to hinder. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 238. 6; 329. 19. See -=empeach.= - -=enrace,= to introduce into a race of living beings. Spenser, F. Q. iii. -5. 52; vi. 10. 25; Hymn of Beauty, 114. - -=ens,= being, entity. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Asper). -Med. L. (in philosophy) _ens_, entity, a neuter pres. pt. formed fr. L. -_esse_, to be. - -=enseam,= to cleanse (a hawk) of superfluous fat; ‘_Ensemer_, to inseam, -unfatten’, Cotgrave; ‘Clene ensaymed’, Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 79. OF. -_esseimer_, ‘retirer le _saim_ (la graisse)’, see Moisy (s.v. Ensaimer), -deriv. of _saim_ fat, Med. L. _sagīmen_, ‘adeps’ (Ducange). - -=enseam,= to contain together, include. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 35; to -introduce to company, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Monsieur). See NED. -(s.v. Enseam, vb.^{4}). - -=enseamed,= marked with grease; ‘In the ranke sweat of an enseamed bed’, -Hamlet, iii. 4. 92. F. _enseimer_ (now _ensimer_), to grease (Hatzfeld). -[Schmidt connects this word with ‘enseam’, to cleanse a hawk; see -above.] - -=enseignement,= teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, -§ last. F. _enseignement_ (Cotgr.). - -=ensigns,= insignia, marks of honour. Bacon, Essay 29, § 12. - -=ensnarl,= to entangle. Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 9. A north Yorks. word -(EDD.). ME. _snarlyn_, ‘illaqueo’ (Prompt. EETS. 460). - -=entail, entayl,= to carve, cut into. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; ii. 6. -29; _entayle_, ornamental work cut on gold, id., ii. 7. 4. - -=enterdeal,= negotiation. Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 21; Mother Hubberd’s -Tale, 785. - -=entermete,= to concern oneself, occupy oneself, meddle with. Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 154, back, 13. ME. _entremeten_, refl. to meddle with -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1026). Anglo-F. _s’entremettre_, to occupy -oneself (Gower). - -=enterprize,= to receive, entertain as a host. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 14; -In this sense peculiar to Spenser. - -=entertain,= to take into one’s service; Gent. Ver. ii. 4. 105; Richard -III, i. 2. 258; to keep in one’s service, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 2; to -give reception to, Com. Errors, iii. 1. 120; the reception of a guest, -Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 1085; F. Q. v. 9. 37; Pericles, i. 1. -119. - -=entertake,= to receive, entertain. Only in Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 35. - -=entire.= Used of friends _wholly_ devoted to one another; ‘My most -sincere and entire friend’, Coryat, Crudities, Ep. Ded.; ‘Your entire -loving brother’, Bacon, Essays, Ep. Ded. [cp. F. _ami entier_]. From the -notion of intimacy was developed the sense: inward, internal, ‘Their -hearts and parts entire’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 23 and 48; iii. 1. 47; -iii. 7. 16. - -=entradas,= receipts, revenues. Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (Severino). -Span. _entrada_, revenue. - -=entraile,= to twist, entwine, interlace. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 27; iii. -6. 44; Shep. Kal., Aug. 30; Prothalamion, 25; a coil, F. Q. i. 1. 16. -Cp. F. _traille_ (_treille_), lattice-work (Cotgr.). - -=entreat,= to treat, use. Richard II, iii. 1. 37; Fletcher, Rule a Wife, -iii. 4 (Perez); Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 7; ‘He entreated Abram well’, -BIBLE, Gen. xii. 16; ‘Despytfully entreated’, Tyndale, Luke xviii. 32. -OF. _entraiter_, to treat, use (Godefroy). - -=entreglancing,= interchange of glances. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 46. - -=entries,= places through which deer have recently passed. B. Jonson, -Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John). - -=entwite,= to rebuke, reproach, reprove, to ‘twit’. Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Augustus, § 1; Roister Doister, ii. 3 (song); p. 36. Altered -form of ME. _atwiten_, to reproach, twit, OE. _æt-witan_. - -=enure,= to put into operation, to ‘inure’, carry out, practise. -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 29; v. 9. 39. - -=envy,= to feel a grudge against; to begrudge; to treat grudgingly; to -have grudging feelings. Milton, P. L. iv. 317; King John, iii. 4. 73; -Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 551. The stress is often on the latter -syllable. - -=envy,= to injure, disgrace, calumniate. Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1 -(Juletta); Shirley, Traitor, iii. 3 (Duke). - -=envỳ,= to emulate, ‘vie’ with. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 17; iii. 1. 13. F. -_envier_ (au jeu), to vie (Cotgr.), L. _invitare_, to invite, challenge. - -=ephemerides,= properly, tables showing the positions of the heavenly -bodies (or some of them) for every day of a period, esp. at noon. But -used vaguely for an almanac or calendar that noted some of these things. -B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Surly); Bp. Hall, Sat. ii. 7. 6; Bacon, Adv. -of Learning, i. 1, § 3. Gk. ἐφημερίς, a diary. - -=Ephesian,= a boon companion. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 164. A cant term; used -like ‘Corinthian’ in 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13. - -=epiky,= reasonableness, equity; ‘Such an epiky and moderacion’, -Latimer, 5 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 143). Gk. ἐπιείκεια, -reasonableness; from ἐπιείκής, fitting, equitable. - -=epiphoneme,= an exclamatory sentence, used to sum up a discourse. -Puttenham, Art of Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 12 (ed. Arber, p. 125); -Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Mary), vol. vi, p. 123. Gk. ἐπιφώνημα. - -=epitasis,= the part of a play wherein the plot thickens. B. Jonson, Ev. -Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (end). Gk. ἐπίτασις. - -=epitrite,= in prosody, a foot consisting of three long syllables and a -short one. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Gk. ἐπίτριτος. - -=equal=(=l,= fair, equitable, just, impartial. BIBLE, 1539, Psalm xvii. -2; Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Bartolus); iv. 4. 15; _equally_, -justly, id., iv. 5 (Diego). - -=equipage,= equipment; retinue. Sh., Sonnet 32; Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Oct., 114. F. _equipage_, ‘equipage, good armour; store of necessaries; -_Equipage d’un navire_, her Marriners and Souldiers’ (Cotgr.). See NED. -(s.v. Equip). See =esquip.= - -=erased,= in heraldry; said of an animal’s head, with a jagged edge -below, as if torn violently from the body. Also used humorously of an -ear, Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 214. - -=eremite,= one dwelling in the desert; ‘This glorious eremite’, Milton, -P. R. i. 8 (used with allusion to the original meaning of the Greek -word). Eccles. Gk. ἐρημίτης, one who has retired into the desert from -religious motives, a hermit, deriv. of ἔρημος, wilderness (Matt. iii. -1). - -=erie, ery,= every. Tusser, Husbandry, § 18. 17; § 57. 11. Also several -times in Turbervile’s Poems. A contracted form, like _e’er_ for _ever_. - -=eringo, eryngo,= the candied root of the sea-holly, used as a -sweetmeat, and regarded as an aphrodisiac. Merry Wives, v. 5. 23. Ital. -_eringio_, sea-holly (Florio), L. _eryngion_, Gk. ἠρύγγιον, dimin. of -ἤρυγγος, sea-holly. - -=erne,= an eagle. Golding, Metam. vi. 517; fol. 74 (1603). A Scottish -literary word (EDD.). OE. _earn_ (Matt. xxiv. 28). - -=errant:= phr. _an errant knight_, a knight-errant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. -38; i. 10. 10. Anglo-F. _errer_, to travel, to march (Ch. Rol. 3340), O. -Prov. _edrar_ (_errar_), Med. L. _iterare_, ‘iter facere’ (Ducange). - -=errant,= ‘arrant’. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron); ‘Sir Kenelm -Digby was an errant mountebank’, Evelyn, Diary (Nov. 7, 1651). See NED. -(s.v. Errant, 7). - -=errour,= wandering, roving. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 7. - -=erst,= once upon a time, formerly. Hen. V, v. ii. 48; Ferrex and -Porrex, i. 2. 5; previously, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 18. ME. _erst_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 776), OE. _ǣrest_, superl. of _ǣr_, soon. - -=esbatement,= amusement. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 160. 15; Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § 10. Anglo-F. _esbatement_, diversion -(Gower). F. _esbatement_, ‘divertissement’ (Rabelais), OF. _esbatre_, -‘se divertir’ (Bartsch). - -=escape,= a wilful error; a great fault. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. -150); Othello, i. 3. 197. - -=escot,= to pay a reckoning for, to maintain; ‘How are they escoted’, -Hamlet, ii. 2. 362. OF. _escoter_, ‘payer l’écot’ (Didot), Anglo-F. -_escot_, payment, reckoning at a tavern (Gower); _escot_ (payment) -occurs in the Statutes of the Realm, i. 221 (13th cent.), see Rough -List. See Ducange (s.v. Scot, Scottum). _Escot_ (payment) is the same -word as ‘scot’ or ‘shot’, in prov. use for payment of a tavern reckoning -(EDD.). - -=escuage,= lit. shield-service; personal service in the field for 40 -days in the year; later, a money payment in lieu of it, also called -‘scutage’. Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, p. 148. Anglo-F. _escuage_, Med. -L. _scutagium_, deriv. of L. _scutum_, a shield (Ducange). - -=escudero,= a squire. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). Span. -_escudéro_, an esquire, a servant that waits on a lady (Stevens), deriv. -of _escúdo_, a shield, L. _scutum_. - -=esguard,= a tribunal existing among the Knights of St. John, to settle -differences between members of the order. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of -Malta, v. 2 (Valetta). OF. _esgard_, ‘tribunal des chevaliers de Malte’. -Med. L. _esgardium_: ‘De vassallo delinquente in Dominum, Dominus potest -de ce quod tenet ab ipso, ipsum per Exguardium dissaisire (Id est, -judicio parium suerum interveniente)’, quotation from Statutes -(Ducange). O. Prov. _esgart_, ‘regard, décision, jugement; condamnation -pécuniaire; égard, considération’; _esgardar_, ‘regarder, considérer; -décider, juger’ (Levy). - -=esloin, esloyne,= to remove to a distance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. F. -_esloigner_ (Cotgr.). - -=esmayed,= dismayed. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 308. 6; 329, back, 9. -Anglo-F. _s’esmaier_, to be dismayed (Gower). - -=esmayle,= enamel. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19; p. 242. F. -_esmail_ ‘enammel’ (Cotgr.). - -=espial,= the action of espying or spying. Bp. Hall, Contempl. O. T. -xix. 9 (NED.); a company of spies, Elyot, Governour, iii. 6. 236; -_espials_, spies, Bacon, Essay, 48; 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 6; Hamlet, iii. 1. -32. See NED. - -=esquip,= to equip. _Esquippe_, Baret, Alvearie; _esquipping_, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 577. F. _esquiper_ (_equiper_), to equip, -arm, store with necessary furniture (Cotgr.). See =equipage.= - -=essoyne,= excuse, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20. ME. _essoyne_, excuse for -non-appearance in a law-court (Chaucer, C. T. I. 164). Anglo-F. -_essoigne_ (_essoyne_), excuse, a legal term (Rough List), see Ducange -(s.v. Sunnis). Med. L. _essoniare_, ‘excusationem proponere’ (Ducange), -of Teutonic origin, cp. Goth. _sunjôn_, ‘excusare’ (2 Cor. xii. 19). - -=estate,= rank, dignity; ‘He poisons him in the garden for his estate’, -Hamlet, iii. 2. 273; Macbeth, i. 4. 37; _estates_, men of rank, nobles, -Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin). F. _estat_, office, dignity, -rank, degree which a man hath (Cotgr.). See Bible Word-Book. - -=estivation:= phr. _place of estivation_, a summer-house. Bacon, Essay -45, § 5. Deriv. of L. _aestivus_, pertaining to summer. - -=estres,= apartments, dwellings, quarters; the inner rooms in a house, -divisions in a garden, &c.; spelt _estures_ [printed by Caxton -_eftures_]. Morte Arthur, leaf 392, back, 3; bk. xix, ch. 8. ME. -_estres_ (Chaucer), Anglo-F. _estre_, habitation, dwelling (Gower); -_estres_, inward parts of a house (Rough List); OF. _estre_, ‘domuncula, -aedificium’, see Ducange (s.v. _Estra_). - -=estridge,= an ostrich, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 98; Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 197; -spelt _estrich_, Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 2 (Incubo); Lyly, -Euphues (ed. Arber, 124). ME. _estrich_ (Voc. 585, 22). O. Prov. -_estrutz_, ‘autruche’ (Levy). - -=eten, ettin,= a giant; ‘Giants and ettins’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of -the B. Pestle, i. 2 (_or_ 3) (Wife). ME. _ȝeten_ (Gen. and Ex. 545), OE. -_eoten_, a giant, cp. Icel. _jötunn_. - -=Etesian,= (properly) the epithet of certain winds, blowing from the NE. -for about forty days annually in summer; ‘Etesian winds’, Holland, tr. -of Pliny, bk. xvi, c. 25 (end); ‘Etesian gales’, Dryden, Albion, Act i -(Iris). L. _etesius_; Gk. ἐτήσιος, annual, from ἔτος, year. - -=ethe;= see =eath.= - -=eugh,= yew; ‘The Eugh, obedient to the bender’s will’, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 1. 9; Bacon, Essay 46. ME. _ew_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2923), OE. _īw_. - -=eure,= destiny, fate, luck. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 235, back, 8; -spelt _ure_, Skelton, Colin Clout, 1003; _to be ured_, to be invested -with, as by the decree of fate, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6; _ewre_, to -render happy, Palsgrave. Hence _eurous_, _ewrous_, lucky, Caxton, Hist. -Troye, leaf 227. 30; lf. 228. 19. ME. _ure_, fate, good luck (Barbour’s -Bruce). OF. _eür_, ‘sort, bonheur’ (Bartsch), O. Prov. _aür_, _agur_, -destiny, Romanic type _agurium_, L. _augurium_, augury, omen. See =ure, -male-uryd, misured.= - -=evelong,= oblong. Golding, Metam. viii. 551, fol. 101 (1603). ME. -_evelong_, ‘oblongus’ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, i. 405). Cp. Icel. -_aflangr_, oblong, Dan. _aflang_; L. _oblongus_. - -=event,= to cool, by exposing to the air; ‘To event the heat’, Mirror -for Mag., Clyfford, st. 8; to find vent, ‘Whence that scalding sigh -evented’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, v. 3 (Angelo). F. _esventer_, to -fan or winnow; _s’esventer_, to take vent or wind (Cotgr.). - -=ever among,= continually, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 12. - -=evertuate,= _reflex._, to endeavour. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. -xvi, p. 72; ‘I have evirtuated myself’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. ii, -let. 61 (end). Anglo-F. _s’esvertuer_, to exert oneself, endeavour -(Gower). - -=evesing,= the eaves of the thatch of a house; ‘A dropping evesing’, -Schole-house of Women, 912; in Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iv. 140. ME. -_evesynge_ (P. Plowman, C. xx. 193), deriv. of _evese_, the edge of the -roof of a building, the ‘eaves’, OE. _efes_ (Ps. ci. 8). See =easing.= - -=evet,= an eft, a newt. Lyly, Euphues, p. 315. See EDD. for prov. forms. -OE. _efeta_. See =ewftes.= - -=evicke,= a wild goat. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 122 (rendering of αἲξ -ἄγριος). See NED. (s.v. Eveck). - -=ewftes,= efts. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23. See =evet.= - -=exacuate,= to sharpen, whet, provoke. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 3 -(Compass). - -=Exaltation of the Holy Cross,= the Feast observed on Sept. 14. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 37. 16. - -=exampless,= for _example-less_, without an example, unparalleled. B. -Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 4 (Silius). - -=Excalibur,= the name of King Arthur’s sword. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. -iii. 1 (Bobadil); ‘The try’d Excalibour’, Drayton, Pol. iv (Nares). - -=excheat,= ‘escheat’, profit, lit. that which is fallen to one. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 5. 25; iii. 8. 16. Anglo-F. _eschete_, _eschaëte_ (Rough List), -Med. L. _escaeta_, deriv. from Romanic type _escadére_ (F. _echoir_), -Med. L. _excadere_, ‘jure haereditario obvenire; in aliquem cadere, ei -obvenire’ (Ducange). - -=exercise,= an act of preaching, discourse; a discussion of a passage of -Scripture. Richard III, iii. 2. 112; iii. 7. 64; Middleton, Mayor of -Queenborough, v. 1 (Oliver). - -=exhale,= to hale forth, drag out. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 -(Crispinus); cp. Hen. V, ii. 1. 66. - -=exhibition,= allowance, fixed payment. King Lear, i. 2. 25; Othello, i. -3. 238; London Prodigal, i. 1. 10. Med. L. _exhibitio_, ‘praebitio’; -_exhibere_, ‘praebere alimenta et ad vitam necessaria’ (Ducange). See -Prompt. EETS. 161, and Rönsch, Vulgata, 312. Hence the term ‘exhibition’ -in the University of Oxford for annual payments made by a College to -deserving students. - -=exigent,= state of pressing need, emergency, decisive moment. Julius -Caesar, v. 1. 19; Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 63; extremity, end, 1 Hen. VI, -ii. 5. 9; phr. _to take an exigent_, to come to an end, A Merry Knack to -know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 546; _exigents_, straits, -Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5 (Warwick). - -=exigent,= an urgent command; _a writ of exigent_ was one commanding the -sheriff to summon the defendant to appear, and to deliver himself up on -pain of outlawry. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 370; iii. 1. 1036. Anglo-F. -_exigende_, L. _exigenda_, from _exigere_, to exact. See Cowell, -Interpreter (s.v.). - -=exoster,= a hanging-bridge, used by men besieging a city; ‘Exosters, -Sambukes, Catapults’, Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 9. L. _exostra_, Gk. -ἐξώστρα, a bridge _thrust out_ from the besiegers’ tower against the -walls of the besieged place; deriv. of ὠθέειν, to thrust. - -=expend,= to weigh, examine, consider. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, -c. 9, § 1; c. 29, § 3. L. _expendere_, to weigh out. - -=expert,= to experience. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 186. - -=expire,= to breathe out. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; iv. 1. 54; to fulfil -a term, i. 7. 9; to fly forth from a cannon, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, -st. 188. - -=expiscate,= to ‘fish out’, i.e. to find out by inquiry. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, x. 181. L. _expiscari_, to fish out; deriv. of _piscis_, a fish. - -=explete,= to complete, to satisfy; ‘To explete the act’, Speed, Hist. -ix. 21, § 71; ‘Nothing under an Infinite can expleat the immortall minde -of man’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. 123. L. _explere_, to fill out. - -=exploit,= success; ‘His ambassadours hadde made no better exployte’, -Berners, tr. Froissart, ii. 91. 272. ME. _espleit_, success (Gower, C. -A. V. 3924), Anglo-F. _exploit_, _espleit_, _esplait_, speed, success -(Rough List). - -=exploit,= to accomplish, achieve; ‘I _exployt_, I applye or avaunce -myself to forther a busynesse’, Palsgrave; ‘They departed without -_exploytinge_ their message’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 26, § -8; ‘To exploit some warlike service’, Holland, tr. Ammianus (Nares). - -=express,= to press out, squeeze out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 42. - -=expulse,= to expel. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 5, § 5; Bacon, -Adv. of Learning, bk. ii, c. 17, § 9. L. _expulsare_, freq. of -_expellere_, to expel. - -=extend= (a legal t. t.), to seize upon lands, in execution of a writ. -Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach); to seize upon land, Ant. -and Cl. i. 2. 105. See Cowell, Interpreter (s.v.). - -=extent= (a legal t. t.); ‘A writ or commission to the Sheriff for the -valuing of lands or tenements; also, the Act of the Sheriff or other -Commissioner upon this writ’, Cowell, Interpreter; Butler, Hud. iii. 1. -1035; Massinger, City Madam, v. 2 (Luke); As You Like It, iii. 1. 17. - -=extinct,= to extinguish. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2 (end); -hence _extincted_, pp., Othello, ii. 1. 81. - -=extirp,= to extirpate. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 25. L. _extirpare_, -_exstirpare_, deriv. of _stirps_, the stem of a tree. - -=extort,= extorted. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 5; v. 10. 25. - -=extraught,= extracted. 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 142. Cp. _distraught_ for -_distract_, _distracted_. - -=extreate,= extraction, origin. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 1. ME. _estrete_, -extraction, origin (Gower, C. A. i. 1344), OF. _estraite_, birth, origin -(Assizes de Jer., ch. 134); see Bartsch (Glossary). - -=extree,= axle-tree. Golding, Metam. ii. 297; fol. 19, back (1603). In -prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ax, sb.^{1}), ME. _ex-tre_ (Prompt. EETS. -145). - -=eyas,= a young hawk taken from the nest for the purpose of training; -_eyas hauke_, a young untrained hawk, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 34; -_eyas-musket_ (used jocularly of a sprightly child), Merry Wives, iii. -3. 22; ‘An aerie of children little eyases’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 355. F. -_niais_ (Fauconnerie), ‘qui n’a pas encore quitté le nid’ (Hatzfeld), L. -_nidacem_, deriv. of _nidus_, a nest, cp. Ital. _nidiace_, ‘taken out of -the nest, a simpleton’ (Florio). See =niaise.= - -=eye,= a brood; esp. of pheasants; ‘An Eye of Pheasaunts’, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., April, 118 (E. K. Gloss.); ‘An Eye of tame pheasants Or -partridges’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Worlidge, Dict. -Rust. 252; Coles, Lat. Dict. (1677). In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Eye, sb.^{2}); also in the form _nye_ (_nie_, -_ni_), see EDD. OF. _ni_, ‘nid’ (La Curne). - -=eyre,= to ‘ear’, to plough. Drayton, Robert Duke of Normandy, st. 5. -See =earth.= - -=eysel;= see =eisel.= - - - - - F - - -=faces about,= the same as ‘right-about face’, i.e. turn round the other -way. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum. iii. 1. 14; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of -the B. Pestle, v. 2 (Ralph); Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Y. Loveless). - -=fackins.= The forms here given are distortions of _fay_ (faith), -frequent in trivial quasi-oaths. _By my fackins_, B. Jonson, Every Man, -i. 3; _By my feckins_, Heywood, 1 Edw. I, iii. 1; _By my facks_, -Middleton, Quiet Life, ii. 2; _By my feck_, Webster, Cure for Cuckold, -iv. 3. Cp. _I’ faikins_, in truth, verily, used in Scotland, Lakeland, -and Lancashire (EDD.). See =fay= (1). - -=fact,= evil deed, crime. Meas. for M. iv. 2. 141; v. 439; Wint. Tale, -iii. 2. 86; Macb. iii. 6. 10; _in the fact_, in the act, 2 Hen. VI, ii. -1. 173. - -=fadge,= to fit, suit, agree; ‘Let men avoid what fadgeth not with their -stomachs’, Robertson, Phras. 708; ‘How ill his shape with inward forme -doth fadge’, Marston, Scourge of Villanie, i. 1. 172; to succeed, to -turn out well, ‘How will this fadge?’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 2. 34; to get on -well, to thrive, ‘Let him that cannot fadge in one course fall to -another’, Cotgrave (s.v. Mouldre). In prov. use in various parts of -England, meaning to fit, suit; to make things fit; to succeed, thrive, -see EDD. (s.v. Fadge, vb.^{3}). - -=fading,= the name of a dance; ‘Fading is a fine jig’, Beaumont and Fl., -Knight B. Pestle, iv. 5 (end). ‘With a fading’ was the refrain of a -popular song of an indecent character, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 195. - -=fagary,= a vagary, freak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Goshawk); -Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy). See =fegary.= - -=fagioli,= French beans. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). -Ital. _fagioli_, ‘french peason, kidney beanes’ (Florio), Late L. -_phaseolus_ (Pliny), earlier L. _phaselus_ (Virgil), Gk. φάσηλος, a -kidney-bean. - -=fail, fayl,= to deceive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; iii. 11. 46. F. -_faillir_, to deceive (Cotgr.). - -=fain,= to rejoice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 36. Hence _fayning_, gladsome, -wistful, Hymn of Love, 216. OE. _fægnian_, to rejoice. - -=fair,= fairness, beauty. Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 81 (Rasni); -Death of E. of Huntingdon, ii. 1 (Salisbury); iii. 4 (Leicester); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 255, 282. - -=fairy money,= money given by fairies, which turned to dry leaves if -talked about; ‘Such borrowed wealth, like Fairy-money . . . will be but -Leaves and Dust when it comes to use’, Locke, Human Und. I, iv. (NED.); -Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 1 (Montague). See Davies. - -=faitour,= an impostor, cheat, a lying vagabond. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -May, 39; _faytor_, F. Q. i. 12. 35; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 173. See Notes to -Piers Plowman, p. 166. The word means a sham, a maker-up of a character. -OF. _faitour_, _faiteör_, Romanic type _factitorem_. - -=fa la,= a snatch of song; ‘The fiddle, and the _fa las_’, Fletcher, -Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). From the notes in the upper part of the -gamut—_fa_-sol-_la_-si. Hence, _fa la la_, as a refrain of a song. - -=fall,= the blast blown on a horn at the death of the deer. Gascoigne, -Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 315. See =mort.= - -=fall,= a collar falling flat round the neck. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Surly); _falls_, pl., Middleton, Your Five Gallants, i. 1 (2 Fellow). - -=fall,= autumn; ‘The hole yere is deuided into iiii. partes, -spring-time, somer, faule of the leafe, and winter’, Ascham, Toxophilus, -p. 48; Dryden, tr. Juvenal, Sat. x. In prov. use in various parts of -England, very common in America (EDD.). - -=fall,= to let fall, Temp. ii. 1. 296; Richard III, v. 3. 135; to -happen, Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 188. - -=falling bands;= see =band.= - -=false:= phr. _to false a blow_, to make a feint, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. -46; ii. 5. 9. Cp. Cymbeline, ii. 3. 74. - -=falser,= a deceiver. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec.; Epilogue, 6. - -=falx,= a term in wrestling; a grip round the small of the back. -Drayton, Pol. i. 244; Carew, Cornwall, 76. F. _faux du corps_ (Sherwood, -s.v. Wast). See NED. (s.v. Faulx). - -=famble,= hand. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); Harman, -Caveat, p. 87. Icel. _fálma_, the hand; cp. Swed. _famle_, to grope; -cognate with OE. _folm_, a hand. - -=famble,= a ring. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond -Senior). So called because worn on the hand. See above. - -=famelic,= exciting hunger, appetizing. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 -(Busy). L. _famelicus_, hungry; from _fames_, hunger. - -=Familist,= one of the sect called the Family of Love. Middleton, -Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Knavesby). See Dyce’s introduction to -the Family of Love, by the same dramatist. - -=fang,= to take, seize, seize upon. Timon, iv. 3. 23; spelt _vang_ -(Southern), London Prodigal, iii. 3. 5; _fanged_, pp., Northward Ho, i. -2. 6. OE. _fōn_, to take; pp. _gefangen_. - -=fanterie,= infantry; ‘Cavallery [cavalry] and Fanterie’, Holland, tr. -of Pliny, bk. vi, c. 20; vol. i, p. 128 g; _Fanteries_, foot-soldiers, -Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 152. OF. _fanterie_ (Roquefort); Ital. -‘_fantería_, infantry; _fante_, a boy, a foot soldier’ (Florio); short -for _infante_, an infant. Cp. ME. _faunt_, child (P. Plowman, B. xvi. -101), whence surname ‘Fauntleroy’. - -=fap,= drunk. Merry Wives, i. 1. 183. - -=farandine,= a kind of cloth, made partly of silk and partly of wool. -Spelt _farrendon_, Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 1 (Lucy); -_ferrandine_, a gown of this material, id. v. 2 (Mrs. Joyner). Said to -be from F. _Ferrand_, the name of the inventor (_c._ 1630). See NED. - -=farce,= to stuff, fill out; ‘Farce thy lean ribs’, B. Jonson, Ev. Man -out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); ‘The farced title’ (i.e. stuffed, tumid), -Hen. V, iv. 1. 280; ‘Wit larded with malice, and malice farced with -wit’, Tr. and Cr. v. 1. 64. See Dict. (s.v. Farce). - -=farcion, farcyon,= the farcy, a disease in horses, akin to glanders. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 93. F. _farcin_; see Hatzfeld. See =fashions.= - -=fardle,= to furl a sail. Golding, Metam. xi. 483; fol. 138 (1603). F. -_fardeler_, to truss or pack up (Cotgr.). See NED. (s.v. Fardel). - -=fare,= course; track of a hare. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 16; Fletcher, -Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 2. 18. OE. _fær_, course; from _faran_, to go. - -=far-fet,= fetched from afar. Milton, P. R. ii. 401. Things ‘far-fet’ -were proverbially said to be good (or fit) for ladies; ‘Farre fet and -deere bought is good for Ladyes’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 93). See The -Malcontent, v. 2 (Mendoza); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, 1 Prologue; Cynthia’s -Revels, iv. 1 (Argurion). - -=farlies,= strange things, wonders. Drayton, Pol. x. 170. ‘Ferlies’ (or -‘fairlies’) is in common use in Scotland for ‘sights, show things to be -seen, lions’, see EDD. (sv. Ferly, 4). ME. _ferly_, strange, wonderful; -also, a wonder (Barbour’s Bruce), OE. _fǣrlic_, sudden, unexpected. - -=fashions,= or =fashion,= the ‘farcy’, a disease of the skin in horses, -Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 53; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Andelocia). See -=farcion.= - -=fast and loose,= a cheating game with a leather strap, which is made up -in intricate folds and laid edgewise on a table; the novice thrusts a -skewer into it, thinking to hold it fast thereby, but the trickster -takes hold of both ends and draws it away. Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. -1 (Theodore); City Nightcap, iv. 1 (Dorothea). - -=faste,= faced, having faces; ‘Some faste Like loathly toades’, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 11. 12. - -=fastidious,= distasteful, displeasing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 9, § 1; disdainful, B. Jonson, New Inn, Ode (at the end), l. 7. - -=fatch,= a ‘vetch’; ‘A fatch for Love!’, Turbervile, The Penitent Lover, -last stanza; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 1 (note on the word -_Cicero_). See EDD. (s.v. Fatch). - -=fault,= a misfortune. Pericles, iv. 2. 79; Massinger, Bondman, v. 1 -(Leosthenes). - -=faun,= for =fawn,= an act of fawning upon; a cringing. Phineas -Fletcher, An Apology for the Premises, st. 4; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. -4 (Tucca). - -=fausen,= a kind of eel (?). Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 190. In Kent -_fazen-eel_ is in use for a large brown eel; see EDD. (s.v. Fazen). - -=fautie,= ‘faulty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 99. 2. The ordinary -pronunciation in Scotland, and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Faulty). F. _fautif_. - -=fautor,= an adherent, partisan; spelt _faultor_, Mirror for Mag., -Worcester, xx; a protector, patron, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 441; xi. -325. F. _fauteur_, ‘a fauter, favourer, protector’ (Cotgr.); L. -_fautor_, a favourer, patron. - -=fautress,= a patroness. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiii. 670. - -=Favell,= a personification of flattery; ‘The fyrste was Favell, full of -flatery, Wyth fables false that well coude fayne a tale’, Skelton, Bowge -of Courte, 134; ‘Favell hath a goodly grace In eloquence’, Wyatt, The -Courtier’s Life (ed. Bell, 216). ME. _Fauel_: ‘Bothe Fals and Fauel and -fykeltonge Lyere’ (P. Plowman, C. iii. 6); see Notes, pp. 42, 43. -Hoccleve, in his De Regimine Principum (ed. Wright, pp. 106, 111), fully -describes _favelle_ or flattery, and says, ‘In wrong praising is all his -craft and arte’. See =curry-favell.= - -=fawting,= favourable. Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 21 (ed. 1575). See -=fautor.= - -=fay,= faith. Spenser, F. Q. v. S. 19; phr. _by my fay_, by my faith, -Romeo, i. 5. 128. ME. _fey_, faith (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1126); Anglo-F. -_fei_ (F. _foi_). See =fackins.= - -=fay,= to clear away filth, to clean out a ditch or pond. Burton, Anat. -Mel. i. 2. 4: Holland, tr. Livy, xxi. 37 (ed. 1609, 414); spelt _fie_, -Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 21. In common prov. use in the north country -and in E. Anglia: in the former ‘fey’ is the usual form, in the latter -‘fie’, see EDD. (s.v. Fay, vb.^{1}). Icel. _fǣgja_, to cleanse, polish. - -=fayles,= a variety of backgammon, played with three dice. B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. iii. 8. 104. Described in Gifford’s note; so called -because a particular throw caused the adversary _to fail_. See NED. -(where there is cited from Ludus Anglicorum (_c._ A.D. 1330) ‘Est et -alius ludus qui vocatur Faylys’). See Nares. - -=feague,= to settle one’s business, to take one in hand, to dispose of. -Etherege, She Would if she Could, iii. 3 (Sir Oliver); also (Sir -Joslin’s Song); iv. 2 (Sir Oliver). Spelt _fegue_, Wycherley, Love in a -Wood, i. 1 (end). Cp. G. _fegen_, to sweep, to clean, to furbish; also, -to chastise, rebuke; Du. _vegen_. See NED. - -=feague,= to whip. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). Probably -the same word as above. See EDD. (s.v. Feag). - -=feak,= a dangling curl of hair. Marston, Sat. i. 38. See NED. - -=feants,= for _fiants_ or _fyaunts_; see =fiants.= Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 37; p. 98. - -=fear,= an object of terror. Hamlet, iii. 3. 25; Milton, P. L. ix. 285; -to terrify, Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 221; 1 Hen. VI, v. 2. 2. ‘To fear’ is used -in this sense in Scotland and in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=feat,= made, fashioned. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 2 (Sir N. -Treadle); clever, dexterous, Cymb. v. 5. 88; graceful, ‘She speaks feat -English’, Fletcher, Night-walker, iii. 6; neat, becoming, Temp. ii. 1. -273; to make a person elegant, Cymb. i. 1. 49. ‘Feat’ is in gen. prov. -use in the sense of suitable, also, dexterous, adroit, smart (EDD.). F. -_fait_, made; _fait pour_, made for, suitable for. - -=featuously,= elegantly, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv, Ballad of -Dowsabel, 24; _feateously_, dexterously, nimbly, Spenser, Prothal. 27. -ME. _fetysly_, exquisitely; _fetys_, well-made, handsome, graceful -(Chaucer). OF. _fetis_, _feitis_; L. _facticius_. - -=feature,= fashion, make, form. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44; ‘The grim -Feature’ (used of Satan), Milton, P. L. x. 279. - -=feaze;= see =feeze.= - -=feeze.= The threat ‘I’ll feeze you’ seems to have given rise to the -sense. To ‘do for’, ‘settle the business of’, also, to beat, flog. -Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Ricardo); _veeze_, Massinger, Emperor -East, iv. 2 (Countryman); _pheese_, Tam. Shrew, Induct, i. 1. ‘To fease’ -is in prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England—Midlands, -E. Anglia, and South Coast, in the sense of to drive away, to put to -flight (EDD.). OE. _fēsan_, to drive away; cp. Norw. dialect _föysa_ -(Aasen). - -=fegary, figary,= ‘vagary’, freak, whimsical trick. Spelt _figuary_, -Beaumont and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2 (Clown); _fegary_, -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Diego). See =fagary.= - -=fegue;= see =feague.= - -=felfare,= a field-fare. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (L. -Beaufort). So in Nottingham and Warwick (EDD.). - -=fell,= a marsh, a fen. Drayton, Pol. iii. 113; see NED. (s.v. Fell, -sb.^{2} 2 b). - -=fell,= gall, rancour. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 2. L. _fel_, gall. - -=fell’ff,= the ‘felloe’ of a wheel, part of the wheel-rim. Chapman, tr. -Iliad, iv. 525. A Yorks. pron. of ‘felloe’ (EDD.). OE. _felg_. - -=fellowly,= companionable, sympathetic. Temp. v. 1. 64; _fellowlie_, -Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 55. - -=felly,= cruelly, fiercely. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 50. - -=felness,= fierceness, spite, anger. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 37. - -=feltred,= with wool matted close together; ‘Feltred ram’, Chapman, tr. -Iliad, iii. 219; ‘His felter’d locks’, Fairfax, Tasso, iv. 7. See EDD. -(s.v. Felter). - -=feme, feeme,= a woman; ‘Take time therefore, thou foolish Feeme’, -Turbervile, On the divers Passions of his Love, st. 3 from end. OF. -_feme_ (F. _femme_). - -=feminitee,= womanhood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 51. - -=fennel,= supposed to be an emblem of flattery; ‘How this smells of -fennel’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Count F.). See Nares. - -=fenny,= spoiled with damp, mouldy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 44; -‘_Fenny_, mouldy as fenny cheese’, Worlidge, Ray’s English Words, 1691. -In prov. use (EDD.). OE. _fynig_. See =finewed.= - -=fensive,= ‘defensive’, capable of defence. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -ii. 301; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 4 (st. 4 from end). - -=fere, feere,= a companion, mate, spouse. Titus Andron. iv. 1. 89. Often -spelt _pheer_, _pheere_, as in Spenser, Muse of Thestylis, 100. ME. -_fere_ (Chaucer). OE. _ge-fēra_, a companion. - -=ferk;= See =firk= (2). - -=ferle,= a ‘ferule’; a rod, sceptre; ‘The one of knight-hoode bare the -ferle’, Mirror for Mag., Mortimer, st. 9. - -=ferme,= a lodging; ‘His sinfull sowle with desperate disdaine Out of -her fleshly ferme fled to the place of paine’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. -23. - -=ferrandine;= see =farandine.= - -=ferrary,= farriery, the art of working in iron. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xiv. 141. - -=ferrour,= ‘farrier’. Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). OF. _ferrier_ -(Godefroy). - -=ferse,= the piece now known as the ‘queen’ in chess. Surrey, To the -Lady that scorned, 12, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 21; ‘_Fers_, The Queen at -Chess-play’, Bullokar. ME. _fers_ (Chaucer, Book Duch., 654). OF. -_fierce_, also, _fierge_ (Roman Rose), Med. L. _fercia_ (Ducange). Of -Persian origin, _ferzên_, prop. ‘wise man’, ‘counsellor’, cp. Arab, -_firzân_, queen in chess. - -=ferula,= a flat wooden bat, used by schoolmasters for inflicting pats -on the palm of a boy’s hand. North, tr. of Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 41 (in -Shak. Plut., p. 96, n. 1); Englished as _ferule_, Hall, Satires, iv. 1. -169. L. _ferula_. - -=fescue,= a little stick or pin, for pointing out the letters to -children learning to read. Hall, Satires, iv. 2. 100; Dryden, Prologue -to Cleomenes, 38. Hence, the gnomon of a dial; Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 84. -OF. _festu_ (F. _fétu_), a straw, O. Prov. _festuc_, for L. _festūca_, a -straw (cp. O. Prov. _festuga_). - -=festinately,= hastily. L. L. L. iii. 1. 6. Deriv. of L. _festinus_, -hasty. - -=fet,= _pt. t._ and _pp._ fetched; ‘David sent, and fet her to his -house’, BIBLE, 2 Sam. xi. 27, Acts xxviii. 13 (ed. 1611); ‘This -conclusion is far fet’, Jewel (Wks., ed. Parker Soc. i. 146); ‘Deep-fet -groans’, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 33; B. Jonson, Silent Woman, Prol. ‘To fet’ -is in gen. prov. use for ‘fetch’ in Lancashire and Midland counties -(EDD.) ME. _fette_, pt. s. of _fecchen_, and _fet_ pp. (Chaucer). OE. -_fette_, pt. s., and _fetod_, pp. of _fetian_, to fetch (B. T.). - -=fetch,= a trick, stratagem. Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 2; Hamlet, ii. 1. -38; King Lear, ii. 4. 90. In gen. prov. use in various parts of England, -see EDD. (s.v. Fetch, sb.^{2} 14). - -=fetch in,= to seize upon, apprehend. Ant. and Cl. iv. 1. 14, Massinger, -Roman Actor, iv. 1 (Parthenius). - -=fetuous,= well-formed, well-made. Herrick, The Temple, 68; _featous_ -(NED.). See =featuously.= - -=feutred,= featured, fashioned. J. Heywood, The Four Plays, Anc. Brit. -Drama, i. 19, col. 1; Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 376. The strange spelling -_feautered_ also occurs (NED.). - -†=fewmand.= Only in B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Earnie): ‘They [a young -badger and a ferret] fewmand all the claithes’. ‘Fewmand’ belongs to the -imaginary dialect of the piece; it apparently means ‘to foul’, ‘to -soil’. - -=fewmets,= the excrement of a deer. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., i. 2 (John); -Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306; ‘_Fumées_, the dung or -excrements of Deer, called by woodmen, fewmets, or fewmishing’, -Cotgrave. Cp. F. _fumier_, dung, manure, cogn. w. L. _fimus_, dung, -excrement. See NED. (s.v. Fumet). - -=fewterer,= a term of the chase, one who looks after the dogs in the -kennel, and lets them loose at the proper time. Beaumont and Fl., Tamer -Tamed, ii. 2; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 2. See =yeoman-fewterer.= ME. -_vewter_, a keeper of greyhounds (Bk. Curtasye 631, in Babee’s Bk., ed. -1868, p. 320). Anglo-F. _veutrier_, Med. L. _veltrarius_ (Ducange), -deriv. of Romanic type _veltrus_, a greyhound. Cp. O. Prov. _veltre_, -It. _veltro_, for older L. _vertragus_, a greyhound, a Gaulish word. - -=feyster,= to fester, as a wound. Morte Arthur, leaf 394, back, 31; bk. -xix, c. 10. - -=fiant, fiaunt,= a warrant. Spenser, Mother Hub. 1144. L. _fiant_, in -phr. _fiant literae patentes_, let letters patent be made out; used of a -warrant addressed to the Irish Chancery for a grant under the Great Seal -(NED.). - -=fiants,= the excrements of certain animals, esp. of the fox or badger, -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 76, p. 216; _fyaunts_, id., c. 66, p. 184. F. -_fiente_, the excrement of certain animals (Cotgr.). - -=fico,= a fig. Gascoigne, Herbes (Wks., ed. 1587, 153); as a type of -anything valueless or contemptible, ‘A fico for the phrase’, Merry -Wives, i. 3. 33. Ital. _fico_. See Stanford. - -=fidge,= to keep in continual movement. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 -(Cokes); Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 4 (Hodge); ‘_Remuer_, to move, stir, -fidge’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of -England (EDD.). - -=fie;= see =fay= (to clean). - -=fig of Spain,= a contemptuous gesture, consisting in thrusting the -thumb between two of the closed fingers. Hen. V, iii. 6. 62; phr. _to -give the fig_, to insult thus, 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 123. See Nares. - -=figent,= fidgeting restless. Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer, -iii. 2 (Vertaigne); Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan); Chapman and others, Eastward -Ho, iii. 2 (Quicksilver). Deriv. of =fidge.= See Nares. - -=fig-frail,= a basket for holding figs. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, -iv. 5 (Bungler). See =frail.= - -=figging-law,= the art of cutting purses and picking pockets. Dekker, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See NED. - -=figgum,= (perhaps) a juggler’s trick. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 5 -(Sir P. E.). - -=fights,= screens of cloth used during a naval engagement, to conceal -and protect a crew. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 142; ‘Bear my fights out -bravely’, Fletcher, Valentinian, ii. 2 (Claudia); Dryden, Amboyne, iii. -3 (Song); Heywood, Fair Maid of West, iv (Wks., ed. 1874, ii. 316); -Phillips, Dict. 1706. - -=figo,= a fig. Hen. V, iii. 6. 60; iv. 1. 60. Span. _figo_; L. _ficus_. -See =fico.= - -=filch,= a hooked staff, used by thieves. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 -(Higgen); also called a _filchman_, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 4. - -=file,= the thread, course, or tenor of a story or argument. Spenser, F. -Q. vii. 6. 37. F. _fil_, a thread, L. _filum_. - -=file,= to render foul, filthy, or dirty; ‘To file my hands in villain’s -blood’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, iii (Scarborow); Macbeth, -iii. 1. 65. In prov. use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). -OE. _fȳlan_ (in compounds), deriv. of _fūl_, foul. - -=filed,= polished with the ‘file’; neatly sculptured; also _fig._ of -literary work. Tale of Pygmalion, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 131; -‘True-filed lines’, B. Jonson, Pref. Verses to Shakespeare (1623), 68. - -=fill;= _fills_, pl., the ‘thills’ or shafts of a cart. Tr. and Cr. iii. -2. 48; hence _fill-horse_, a shaft-horse, Herrick, The Hock-cart, 21; -spelt _phil-horse_, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 100. ‘Fill’ and ‘fill-horse’ are -both in prov. use (EDD.). See =thiller.= - -=filograin,= ‘filigree’. Butler, On P. Nye’s Thanksgiving Beard, l. 13 -from end. Ital. _filigrana_ (Fanfani). See Dict. (s.v. Filigree). - -=fincture,= a feint, in fencing. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. -54. Ital. _finctura_, _fintura_ (NED.); deriv. of L. _fingere_, to -feign. - -=fine,= end. Much Ado, i. 1. 247; Hamlet, v. 1. 113. - -=fineness,= ingenuity. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 209; Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1 -(Master). - -=finewed,= musty, mouldy. Mirr. for Mag., Lord Hastings, st. 28; spelt -_fenowed_, ‘The Scripture . . . is a Panary of holesome foode against -fenowed traditions’, BIBLE, 1611, The Translators to the Reader; -_vinewed_, Baret, Alvearie (s.vv. Mouldie _and_ Hoarie); Tr. and Cr. ii. -1. 15 (in the Folios _whinid_). ‘Vinnewed’ (or ‘Vinnied’), mouldy, is in -common prov. use in the south-west of England, see EDD. (s.v. Vinny). -See =fenny.= - -=fingle-fangle,= a trifle. Butler, Hud. iii. 3. 454. - -=fire-drake,= a fiery dragon; hence, a meteor. Hen. VIII, v. 4. 45; -Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (_or_ 5), near the end. -OE. _fȳr-draca_; _fȳr_, fire, and _draca_, L. _draco_, Gk. δράκων, a -dragon; cp. E. _dragon_. - -=fireship,= a prostitute. (Cant.) Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir -Simon). [Smollett, Roderick Random, 1. xxiii.] - -=firk,= to beat, trounce. Hen. V, iv. 4. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Firk, 4). - -=firk,= to cheat, rob. Dekker, Honest Wh. (NED.); spelt _ferk_, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Firk, 2, c). - -=firk,= to move about briskly, to frisk, gallop. Shirley, Hyde Park, iv. -3 (Song). See NED. (s.v. Firk, 3 b). - -=firk,= a frisk; (humorously), a dance. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 2 -(Lacy). - -=firk up,= to trim up. Shirley, Constant Maid, ii. 1 (Playfair). - -=fisgig,= a light, worthless female, fond of gadding about. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 77. 8; ‘_Trotiere_, a fisgig, fisking huswife, gadding -flirt’, Cotgrave. See NED. (s.v. Fizgig). - -=fisk,= to scamper about, frisk, move briskly; ‘Then he fyskes abrode’, -Latimer, Fourth Sermon (ed. Arber, p. 104); ‘Tome Tannkard’s Cow . . . -fysking with her taile’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2; _fysking_, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 45. 2; ‘Fisking about the house’, Otway, -Venice Preserved, ii. 1 (Pierre). A Shropshire word (EDD.). - -=fist,= a contemptuous expression; ‘Fist o’ your kindness!’, Eastward -Ho, iv. 1 [_or_ 2] (Gertrude). Also spelt _fiste_, _fyste_, _foist_; the -orig. sense is a breaking wind, a disagreeable smell. See NED. (s.v. -Fist, sb.^{2}). - -=fisting-hound,= a spaniel; a contemptuous term. Fleming, tr. of Caius’ -Dogs; in Arber, Eng. Garner, iii. 287. See above. - -=fitches,= ‘vetches’. BIBLE, Isaiah xxviii. 25; _fytches_, Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 20. 40, § 70. 8. ‘_Vesce_, . . . fitch or vitch’, Cotgrave. -‘Fitches’ in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England (EDD.). - -=fitchock, fichok,= a polecat. Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); -Scornful Lady, v. 1 (end). ‘Fitch’ is a common prov. word for the -polecat; see EDD. (s.v. Fitch, also, Fitchock). - -=fitten, fitton,= an untruth, an invention. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -i. 1 (Amorphus); Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 54. ‘Fitten’ is in -prov. use for ‘an idle fancy’, ‘a pretence’, in Hants., Wilts., and -Somerset (EDD.). ME. _fyton_ or lesynge, ‘mendacium’ (Prompt. EETS., see -note no. 729). - -=fitters,= fragments, rags, pieces. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, iii. 3. 4; Pilgrim, i. 1. 22. In prov. use in the north (EDD.). - -=five-and-fifty,= the highest number to stand on, at the game of -primero. But it could be beaten by a flush, i.e. when the cards were all -of one colour. ‘As big as _five-and-fifty and flush_’; as confident as -one who held five-and-fifty in number, and also held a flush; so that he -could not be beaten; B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). - -=five eggs:= in phr. _to come in with one’s five eggs_, to break in or -interrupt fussily with an idle story; ‘Persones coming in with their -five egges, how that Sylla had geuen ouer his office’, Udall, tr. of -Erasmus’s Apoph., p. 272; ‘Another commeth in with his fiue egges’, -Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 56). The orig. phrase had -reference to the offering of _five eggs for a penny_, which was a -trivial offer, and not very advantageous to the purchaser in the -sixteenth century; See =eggs= (2). - -=fiveleaf,= cinquefoil, _Potentilla reptans_. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 229; -‘Of Cinquefoyle, or Five-finger grasse’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. -56. - -=fives,= a disease of horses. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54; ‘Vyves, a disease -that an horse hath, _avives_’, Palsgrave; so Cotgrave; ‘_Adivas_, the -disease in Horses and other Beasts call’d the Vives’, Stevens, Span. -Dict., 1706. Of Arabic origin, _ad-dhîba_, ‘morbi species qua affici -solet guttur jumenti’ (Freytag); see Dozy, Glossaire, p. 45. - -=fixation,= in alchemy; the process that rendered the elixir fixed. B. -Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). - -=flacket,= a flask, bottle, or vessel; ‘A flacket of wyne’, Great Bible -(1539), 1 Sam. xvi. 20; ‘A flacket, _Uter formam habens doliarem_’, -Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov. use in Yorkshire for a small cask-shaped -vessel for holding beer (EDD.). ME. _flaket_, ‘obba, uter’ (Cath. -Angl.); _flakette_, ‘flasca’ (Prompt.). Anglo-F. _flaket_ (Gower). - -=flag,= used as a sign or signal; ‘A flag and sign of love’, Othello, i. -1. 157; ‘His flag hangs out’ (i.e. as an advertisement), Middleton, The -Widow, iv. 1 (Valeria); ‘’Tis Lent, the flag’s down’ (i.e. there is no -flag flying above the theatre, because it is Lent, and the performances -are suspended), Middleton, A Mad World, i. 1 (Follywit). - -=flaighted, fleighted,= terrified. Golding, Metam. iv. 597; fol. 52 -(1603); id., xi. 677. See NED. (s.v. Flaite, also, Flight). ‘To flight’ -means properly ‘to put to flight’, hence, ‘to frighten’, ‘to scare’. Cp. -EDD. (s.v. Flaite). - -=flanker,= a fortification protecting men against a ‘flank’ or side -attack; ‘Flankers . . . cannon-proof’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 -(Rossaline). - -†=flantado,= flaunting display. Only occurs in Stanyhurst (tr. Aeneid, -i. 44). - -=flapdragon,= a combustible put in liquor, to be swallowed flaming; e.g. -a raisin set on fire. L. L. L. v. 1. 45; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 -(Clause). Hence, as vb., to swallow quickly, Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 100. - -=flapjack,= a pancake; also, an apple turnover. Pericles, ii. 1. 87; -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Vincent); see Nares. In prov. use in E. -Anglia, Sussex, and Somerset (EDD.). - -=flappet,= a little flap; ‘A flappet of wood’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight -of the B. Pestle, i. 2 (_or_ 3), Ralph. The sense of _flap_ is here -uncertain; perhaps a fly-flapper, to keep off flies. - -=flash,= a pool, a marshy place. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 60; Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 70. In common prov. use in the north country, also in -Lincoln and Shropshire; occurring frequently in place-names, see EDD. -(s.v. Flash, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _flasch_, ‘lacuna’ (Prompt.), OF. _flache_, -‘locus aquis stagnantibus oppletus’ (Didot), Med. L. _flachia_ -(Ducange). - -=flask,= to flap; also, to cause to flutter; ‘To flask his wings’, -Golding, Metam. vi. 703 (fol. 77); ‘The weather flaskt . . . her -garments’, id., ii. last line. - -=flasky,= (perhaps) belonging to a ‘flask’ or ‘flash’, a muddy pool; -‘The flasky fiends of Limbo lake’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 149. See NED. - -=flat-cap,= a London citizen; esp. a London apprentice; ‘Flat-caps thou -call’st us. We scorne not the name’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV, sc. 1 (NED.); -Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 1 (Song, st. 4). See Nares. - -=flatchet,= a sword. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 92; _flachet_, iii. -241. 529. Cp. MHG. _flatsche_, _flasche_, a sword with a broad blade -(Weigand). - -=flatted,= laid flat, levelled, made smooth. Dryden, Ceyx and Alcyone, -131; tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x, 158. See EDD. (s.v. Flat, v. 21). - -=flaunt-a-flaunt,= flauntingly displayed. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. - -=flaw,= a gust of wind. Arden of Fev. iv. 4. 44; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 354; -Hamlet, v. 1. 239. Metaphorically, a quarrel; Webster, White Devil -(Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. In prov. use in Scotland, also, in Devon and -Cornwall (EDD.). Norw. dial, _flaga_, a gust of wind (Aasen). - -=flaw,= to ‘flay’. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). In prov. use in -Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Flaw, vb. 7). - -=fleck,= to spot, stain; hence _fleckt_, spotted in the cheek, flushed -with wine; ‘And drinke, till they be fleckt’, Mirror for Mag., Norfolk, -st. 25. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Fleck, vb.^{1} 5). Cp. Norw. dial. _flekk_, a spot (Aasen). - -=fledge,= fully fledged, ready to fly. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal -ii. 147; ‘Fledge souls’, Herbert, Temple, Death. OE. _flycge_, fledged; -cp. G. _flügge_. See Dict. (s.v. Fledge). See =flidge.= - -=fleet,= to be afloat. Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 171; to be overflowed, to -be covered with water; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33; to pass or while away -(time), As You Like It, i. 1. 124. OE. _flēotan_, to float. - -=fleet,= to skim cream off milk; ‘I shall fleet their cream-bowls’, Grim -the Collier, iv. 1 (Robin), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 443; Lyly, -Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 336). In prov. use in the north country, E. -Anglia, and Kent and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, vb.^{2}). OE. _flēt_, -cream. Cp. Bremen dial. _flöten_, ‘die Sahne von der Milch abnehmen’ -(Wtb.). - - =fleeten,= pale, of the colour of skimmed milk; ‘You fleeten - face!’, Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, iii. 1 (Conon). - -=fleet,= a creek, inlet, run of water. Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 191; xxv. -51. 129. In prov. use in various parts of England; esp. in E. Anglia and -Kent; hence the name of Northfleet, see EDD. (s.v. Fleet, sb.^{1} 9). -OE. _flēot_, estuary. - -=fleme,= to put to flight. Morte Arthur, leaf 318. 8; bk. xiii, c. 16; -lf. 414, back, 16; bk. xx, c. 17. OE. _flēman_ (Anglian), to put to -flight; deriv. of _flēam_, flight. - -=flert;= see =flirt.= - -=flesh,= to feed with flesh, to satiate, All’s Well, iv. 3. 19; 2 Hen. -IV, iv. 5. 133; to feed the sword with flesh for the first time, 1 Hen. -IV, v. 4. 133; to make fierce and eager for combat, King John, v. 1. 71. -Hence _fleshed_, eager for battle, inured to bloodshed, Richard III, iv. -3. 6; ‘A flesh’d ruffian’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. -2 (Zabulon). - -=fletcher,= a maker or seller of arrows. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 110; -‘Jack Fletcher and his bolt’, Damon and Pithias (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. -19). Anglo-F. _fleccher_, arrow-maker (Rough List); F. _flèche_, arrow. - -=flete,= to float. Surrey, Description of Spring, 8; in Tottel’s Misc., -p. 4. _Fletyng_, floating, swimming, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 259. See -=fleet.= - -=flew,= the large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound; as of a bloodhound. -Hence _flews_, with the sense of flaps, or flapping skirts, Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre). Hence also _flew’d_, having flews (of -a particular quality), Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 125. - -=flew,= a tube, pipe; see =flue.= - -=flibote, fly-boat,= a fast-sailing vessel. Heywood, King Edw. IV -(Spicing), vol. i, p. 38; If you know not me (Medina), vol. i, p. 336. -Dutch _Vlie-boot_, boat on the river _Vlie_, the channel leading out of -the Zuyder Zee. See NED. (s.v. Fly-boat). - -=flicker,= to flutter. Fletcher, Pilgrim, i. 1 (Alphonso); Dryden, -Palamon, 1399. Metaph. to make fond movements, as with wings: Palsgrave -has, ‘_I flycker_, I kysse together.’ - -=flicker-mouse,= a bat, a ‘flittermouse’. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1; -‘_Ratepenade_, a bat, rearmouse or flickermouse’, Cotgrave. A Sussex -word (EDD.). - -=flidge,= fledged, furnished with feathers. Warner, Albion’s England. -bk. ii, ch. 10, st. 48; Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 4, p. 33; _flig_, -Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 408). OE. _flyege_, fledged. See =fledge.= - -=flight,= an arrow for long distances, light and well-feathered. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); _flight-shot_, the -distance to which a flight-arrow is shot, about 600 yards; ‘A flite shot -over, as much as the Tamise is above the Bridge’, Leland, Itin. (ed. -1744, iv. 41); ‘It being from the park about two flight-shots in -length’, Desc. of Royal Entertainment, 1613 (Works of T. Campion, ed. -Bullen, p. 179); ‘Two flight-shot off’, Heywood, A Woman Killed, iv. 5. -2. - -=flip-flap,= a fly-flapper, for driving away flies. Dekker, O. -Fortunatus, i. 2 (Andelocia); _flyp-flap_, a lap of a garment, Skelton, -Elynour Rummyng, 508. - -=flirt, flert,= to throw with a jerk, to jerk, fillip. Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid, iii (ed. Arber, 84); Drayton, Pol. vi. 50; to move with a -jerk, to dart, to take short quick flights, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i -(ed. Arber, 31). - -=flirt-gill, flurt-gill, flurt-gillian,= a woman of light behaviour, a -flirt. Romeo, ii. 4. 162; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 1 -(Wife); _flurt-Gillian_, The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady). ‘Gill’ and -‘Gillian’ are forms of the Christian-name ‘Juliana’. - -=flitter-mouse,= a bat. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Alken); Alchemist, -v. 2 (Subtle). In common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=flix,= fur of the hare. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 132. Also applied to other -animals; ‘the flix of goat’, Dyer, The Fleece, bk. iv, l. 104. In prov. -use for the fur of a hare, rabbit, or cat, see EDD. (s.v. Flick, -sb.^{3}). - -=float,= flow, flood of the tide. Ford, Love’s Sacr. ii. 3; _in float_, -at high water, ‘Hee being now in Float for Treasure’, Bacon, Henry VII -(ed. Lumby, 128); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 5 (Rod). See =flote= -(wave). - -=flocket,= a loose garment with long sleeves. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 53. - -=Florentine,= a kind of pie; meat baked in a dish, with a cover of -paste. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, v. 1 (Lazarillo); ‘I went to -Florence, from whence we have the art of making custards, which are -therefore called Florentines’, Wit’s Interpreter (Nares). - -=flote,= a fleet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 142, back, 31; 216, back, 1; -Hakluyt, Voy. i. 296, l. 2; spelt _floate_, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, -st. 135. OE. _flota_, a ship, fleet (BT.). - -=flote,= a wave, billow; also, the sea; ‘The Mediterranean Flote’, -Tempest, i. 2. 234; ‘The flotes of the see’, Caxton, Jason, 114 (NED.). -OF. _flot_, a wave (Hatzfeld); cp. OE. _flot_, the sea (Sweet). - -=flote,= to skim milk, to take off the cream. Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. -1. See EDD. (s.v. Float, vb. 16). - -=flower-de-luce,= the ‘fleur-de-lis’, a plant of the genus Iris. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 43. 11; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 16; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 127; -also, the heraldic lily, the armorial emblem of France, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. -80. - -=flown:= ‘The Sons of Belial, flown with insolence and wine’, Milton, P. -L. i. 502; ‘Flowen with wine’, Ussher, Ann, vi. 250 (NED.). ‘Flown’ was -orig. used of a stream in full flow, ‘in flood’; ‘Cedron . . . in wynter -. . . is mervaylously flowen with rage of water’, Guilford’s Pilgrimage -(ed. Camden Soc. 31). See NED. (s.v. Flow, vb. 11 b). - -†=fluce,= to flounce, plunge; ‘They [cattle] backward fluce and fling’, -Drayton, The Moon-calf, 1352. Not found elsewhere. - -=flue, flew,= an air-passage, a tube or pipe. In NED. (s.v. Flue, -sb.^{3}) is this note:—‘The following passage is usually quoted as the -earliest example of the word, which is supposed to mean here the spiral -cavity of a shell. But _flue_ is probably a misprint for _flute_. [The -quotation follows]: 1562, Phaer, _Aeneid_ x [l. 209 of Lat. text] With -whelkid shell Whoes wrinckly wreathed _flue_, did fearful shril in seas -outyell.’ But this suggestion cannot be right; for the word occurs again -in a parallel passage, where the spelling is _flew_, occurring at the -end of a line, and riming with _blew_; viz. ‘Dolphins blew, And Tritons -blowe their Trumpes, y^{t} sounds in seas w^{t} dropping _flew_,’ Phaer, -tr. of Aeneid, v. 824. - -=fluence,= a flowing stream. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224; also, -fluency, Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Works, vol. ii, p. 86). - -=flundering,= ‘floundering’, plunging and tossing; ‘Th’ unruly flundring -steeds’, H. More, Song of Soul, i. 1. 17; Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 -(Vincentio); the word makes no sense here, for the passage is -intentional nonsense. But it’s a loud-sounding and impressive word. - -†=flundge,= fly out, are flung out. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 59. An -onomatopoeic word, not found elsewhere. - -=flurt at,= to sneer at, to scoff at. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 19; -Beaumont and Fl., Rule a Wife, iii. 2; id., Pilgrim, i. 1; iii. 1; Wild -Goose Chase, ii. 1. See NED. (s.v. Flirt, vb. 4 a). - -=flush,= a term at primero; when a player held four cards of the same -colour. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). See =five-and-fifty.= - -=fluxure,= fluidity; also, moisture; ‘Moisture and fluxure’, B. Jonson, -Induct. to Ev. Man out of Humour (Asper); Mirror for Mag., Cromwell (by -Drayton), st. 117. Late L. _fluxura_ (Tertullian). - -=fly,= a domestic parasite, a familiar. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 -(Theoph.). Also, a familiar spirit; ‘I have my flies abroad’, B. Jonson, -Alchem. iii. 2 (Face). See NED. (s.v. Fly, sb.^{1} 5, a, b.). - -=fly-boat;= see =flibote.= - -=fob;= See =fub= (2). - -=fobus,= a cheat; for _fob-us_, i.e. cheat us; from _fob_, to cheat. -‘You old fobus’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Jerry). - -=fode,= a creature, person, man. Squire of Low Degree, l. 364; in -Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, ii. 37; The World and the Child, l. 4; in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. Also, a companion, id. 247. ME. _fode_, a -person, creature (Prov. Hendyng, 63); see Dict. M. and S. - -=fode, foad,= to beguile with show of kindness or fair words, to soothe -in fancied security. Golding translates ‘Favet huic Aurora timori’, in -Ovid, Met. vii. 721, by ‘The morning foading this my feare’, ed. 1587, -99^{b}. Skelton has _fode_, Magnyfycence, 1719. ME. _foden_, to beguile -(Will. Palerne, 1646). - -=fog,= rank, coarse grass. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 399; ‘Fogg in some places -signifies long grass remaining in pasture till winter’, Worlidge, Dict. -Rust.; ‘Fogge, _postfaenium_’, Levins, Manipulus. Hence _foggy_, -abounding in coarse grass, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 115; moist, Golding, -Metam. xv. 203. ‘Fog’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for -the aftermath; the long grass left standing in the fields during winter -(EDD.). ME. _fogge_ (Cleanness, 1683, in Allit. Poems, 85). Norm. dial. -_fogge_, long grass (Ross). - -=fog,= to traffic in a servile way, hunt after, cheat. _Fogging_ rascal, -Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto). A back-formation from -_fogger_; cp. ‘pettyfogger’; see Dict. (s.v. Petty). - -=foggy,= flabby, puffy, corpulent; ‘Fat and foggy’, Contention betw. -Liberality and Prodigality, v. 4 (Lib.); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. -377; ‘_Un enbonpoint de nourrice_, a plump, fat, or foggy constitution -of body’, Cotgrave; ‘Foggy, to [too] ful of waste flesshe’, Palsgrave. -Also _fog_, bloated, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 672. ‘Foggy’ is in -prov. use in the north country for fat, corpulent. - -=fogue,= fury. Dryden, Astraea Redux, 203. Ital. _foga_, fury, violent -force (Florio). - -=foil, foyle,= to tread under foot, trample down; ‘That Idoll . . . he -did foyle In filthy durt’, Spenser. F. Q. v. 11. 33; the tread or track -of a hunted animal, ‘What? hunt a wife on the dull foil!’, Otway, Venice -Preserved, iii. 2 (Pierre); _foyling_, ‘_Foulée_, the slot of a stag, -the fuse of a buck (the view or footing of either) upon hard ground, -grass, leaves, or dust; we call it (most properly) his foyling’, -Cotgrave. See NED. (s.v. Foil, vb.^{1} 2). - -=foil, foyle,= repulse, defeat, disgrace. Mirror for Mag., Cordila, st. -18; 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 23. See above. - -=foin,= a thrust, in fencing. King Lear, iv. 6. 251; ‘Keep at the foin’ -(i.e. do not close in fight), Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 389. - -=foist,= a light galley; ‘The Lord Mayor’s foist,’ B. Jonson, Epig. -cxxxiii; Voyage, 100; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. F. _fuste_, ‘a -foist, a light galley’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _fusta_, ‘a foist, a fly-boat, a -light galley’ (Florio); O. Prov. _fusta_, ‘poutre, bois, vaisseau, -navire’ (Levy); Med. L. _fusta_, a galley, orig. a piece of timber -(Ducange). See =galley-foist.= - -=foist= (a term in dice-play), to ‘palm’ or conceal in the fist, to -manage the dice so as to fall as required, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. -Arber, 54); to cheat, play tricks, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 -(Alvarez); a cheat, a pickpocket, B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob); -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1; a trick, B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 -(Vol.); _foister_, a cheat, a sharper, Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 32. -Du. _vuisten_, to keep in the fist; _vuist_, the fist. See NED. - -=folk-mote,= an assembly of the people. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 6. OE. -_folc-mōt_; _folc_, folk, people, and _mōt_, a moot or meeting. - -=folt,= a foolish person. Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. -304; _foult_, Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1. ME. _folett_, ‘stolidus’ -(Prompt.). OF. _folet_, ‘a pretty fool, a little fop, a young coxe, none -of the wisest’ (Cotgr.). - -=folter.= Of the limbs: to give way; ‘His [the horse’s] legges hath -foltred’, Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. 1, ch. 17; of one’s speech: -to stumble, to stammer, Golding, Metam. iii. 277. See NED. (s.v. Falter, -vb.^{1}). - -=fon,= a fool. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 59. ME. _fon_ (Wars Alex. -2944); _fonne_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4089). - -=fond,= to play the fool, become foolish; to dote; ‘I fonde, or dote -upon’, Palsgrave. Hence _fonded_, befooled, full of folly, Surrey, tr. -of Aeneid, iv, l. 489 (L. _demens_, l. 374); ‘A fonded louer’ (an -infatuated lover), Turbervile, The Lover, seing himselfe abusde, -renounceth love, l. 11. - -†=fond,= to found. Misspelt, for the sake of a quibble upon _fond_, -foolish; Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 3 (Hammon). - -=fone,= foes. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 10; Visions of Bellay, v. 10. OE. -_ge-fān_, foes; pl. of _ge-fā_, a foe. - -=foody,= abounding in food, supplying food. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. -104; ‘Their foody fall,’ their settlement in a food-supplying place, -id., xv. 638. ‘Foody’ is in prov. use in the north of England for rich, -fertile, full of grass (EDD.). - -=footcloth,= a large richly-ornamented cloth laid over the back of a -horse and hanging down to the ground on each side; considered as a mark -of dignity and state (NED.). 2 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 51; Fletcher, Noble -Gentleman, ii. 1 (Marine); Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 2 (Thierry); -‘My foot-cloth horse’, Richard III, iii. 4. 80; hence _foot-cloth_, a -horse provided with this adornment, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1. 10. - -=foot-pace,= a raised platform for supporting a chair of state. Bacon, -Essay 56, § 4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 466. F. _pas_, a step. - -†=foot-saunt,= a game at cards; also called _cent-foot_, and apparently -the same as _cent_. Only in Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. See =cent.= - -=fopdoodle,= a simpleton. Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, ii. 1 -(Calaminta); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 998. - -=for-,= intensive prefix, as distinct from _fore-_, beforehand. OE. -_for-_. Examples are given below: as _for-do_, _-hale_, _-slack_, -_-slow_, _-speak_, _-spent_, _-swatt_, _-swonck_, _-weary_, _-wounded_. - -=for,= against, in order to prevent; chiefly with a sb. of verbal -origin. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 2; Two Gent. of Verona, i. 2. 136; -_for going_, i.e. to prevent going, to save from going, Pericles, i. 1. -40. (Common; and, if the meaning be not caught, the sense of the -sentence is altered.) - -=forby, foreby,= hard by, near. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; v. 2. 54; by, -id., v. 11. 17. ME. _forby_ (Barbour’s Bruce, x. 345). - -=force.= _Of force_, of necessity, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 5. 2; _on -force_, Heywood and Rowley, Fortune by Land, &c., ii. 1 (John); Works, -vi. 381; _force perforce_, by violent constraint, King John, iii. 1. -142; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 116; _to hunt at force_, to run the game down -with dogs instead of slaying with weapons, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 -(Robin). - -=force.= _It is force_, it is of consequence or importance; usually -negative, _it is no force_, it does not matter, _no force_, no matter, -_what force_? what matter?; ‘No force for that, for it is ordered so’, -Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life (Works, ed. Bell, 217). ME. _no force_, _no -fors_, no matter, no consequence; _what fors_, what matter (Chaucer). -Cp. Anglo-F. _force ne fe_t, it makes no force, it matters not (Bozon). - -=force,= to trouble oneself, care; ‘I force it not’, I reck not of it, I -care not for it, Mucedorus, Induction, 68; _it forceth not_, it matters -not, it is not material, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 52). See -NED. (s.v. Force, vb.^{1} 14 b). - -=fordo,= to destroy, overcome. Hamlet, ii. 1. 103. OE. _fordōn_, to -destroy. - -=fore-,= prefix; often miswritten for the prefix _for-_, as in -_forespent_ for _forspent_. See under =for-.= - -=forehand:= in phr. _forehand_ (_shaft_), an arrow used for shooting -straight before one. Ascham, Toxoph. p. 126; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52; -former, previous, Much Ado, iv. 1. 51; foremost, leading, Butler, Hud. -ii. 2. 618; in the front, the mainstay, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 143. - -=forelay,= to lie in wait for. Dryden, Palamon, i. 493; also, to hinder, -Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid xi, 781. - -=forepoynted,= appointed beforehand. Gascoigne, Hermit’s Tale, § 2; ed. -Hazlitt, ii. 141. - -=fore-right,= right on, straight ahead. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, -ii. 3. 8; said of a favourable wind, Massinger, Renegado, v. 8 (Aga). In -prov. use in Devon and Cornwall in the sense of straight forward (EDD.). - -=foreset.= _Of foreset_, of set purpose, purposely. Ferrex and Porrex, -ii. 2, chorus, 13. See NED. - -=forespeak,= to predict; especially, to foretell evil about one. -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 792; xvii. 32; Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 -(Mother Sawyer). - -=forfaint,= very faint, extremely languid. Sackville, Induction, § 15; -Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 73. - -=forfare,= to perish, decay; ‘Thonge Castell . . . is now forfaryn’, -Fabyan, Chron., Pt. V, c. 83 (side-note); ed. Ellis, 61. ME. _forfaren_ -(Gen. and Ex. 3018). - -=forgetive,= inventive. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 107. A word of uncertain -formation, commonly taken to be a deriv. of the vb. ‘to forge’. - -=forgrown,= grown out of use. Gascoigne, Prol., to Hermit’s Tale, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 139. - -=forhaile,= to distract. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 243. See NED. (s.v. -For-, prefix^{1} 5 b). - -=for-hent,= seized beforehand. Better _fore-hent_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. -4. 49. From _fore_, before, and _hent_, caught, from OE. _hentan_, to -seize. - -=forhewed,= much hacked, severely cut. Sackville, Induction, st. 57. - -=forjust,= to tire out in ‘justing’, beat in a tilting-match. Morte -Arthur, leaf 162. 35; bk. viii, c. 33. - -=forkhead,= the head of an arrow, with two barbs pointing forward, -instead of backward, as in the _swallow-tail_. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. -135. - -=forks,= a forked stake used as a (Roman) whipping-post. Fletcher, -Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); ii. 4 (Decius). L. _furcae_, pl., forks; -hence, a yoke under which defeated enemies passed; also, a -whipping-post. - -=forlore,= utterly wasted. Sackville, Induction, st. 48; _forlorne_, -made bare, id. st. 8. OE. _forloren_, pp. of _forlēosan_, to lose, also, -to destroy. - -=formerly,= first of all, beforehand. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 38; vi. 3. -38. Also, just now, even now; id., ii. 12. 67; Merch. Venice, iv. 1. -362. - -=forpine,= to waste away. Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, 15; -_forpined_, wasted, Hall, Sat. v. 2. 91. - -=forsane,= _pp._ ‘forsaken’, avoided, Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 720; xi. -412. I can find no third example of the form _forsaken_ being thus -contracted. (Not in NED.). - -=forslack, foreslack,= to delay, to spoil by delay. Spenser, F. Q. vi. -12. 12; vii. 7. 45. - -=forslow,= to delay. Marlowe, Edw. II, ii 4. 39. Ill spelt _foreslow_, 3 -Hen. VI, ii. 3. 56; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 5 (Macilense). - -=forsonke,= deeply sunk. Sackville, Induction, st. 20. - -=forspeak,= to speak against. Ant. and Cl. iii. 7. 3. - -=forspeak,= to bewitch. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 1 (Asotus); -Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 12; ‘They [the witches] saie they -have . . . forespoken hir neighbour’, R. Scot, Discov. Witchcraft, iii. -2. 45 (NED.); ‘_Fasciner_, to charm, bewitch, forspeak; _fasciné_, -forspoken’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland for ‘to bewitch’, ‘to -cause ill-luck by immoderate praise’ (EDD.). ME. _forspekyn_, or -charmyn, ‘fascino’ (Prompt.). - -=forspent,= exhausted. 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 37; misspelt _forespent_, -Sackville, Induction, st. 12. - -=forswatt,= covered with ‘sweat’. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99. - -=forswonck,= spent with toil. Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 99. See -=swink.= - -=forth dayes,= late in the day. Morte Arthur, leaf 402, back, 19; bk. -xx, c. 5. ME. ‘Whanne it was forth daies hise disciplis camen’, Wyclif, -Mark vi. 35. - -=forthink,= to regret, to be sorry for. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 32; ‘I -forthynke, I repent me, _Je me repens_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word -(EDD.), ME. _forthynke_, ‘penitere’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. for _forþencan_, -to despise. - -=forthright,= straight forward. Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 1076; id., -Palamon, ii. 237; used as sb., a straight course, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. -158. In use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Forth). ME. _forth right_ -(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 295). - -=forthy,= therefore, on that account. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 14; Shep. -Kal., March, 37. ME. _for-thy_, therefore (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1841); OE. -_for-ðȳ_. - -=forwaste,= wasted utterly. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. (Better -_forwast_, where _wast_ is contracted from _wasted_.) _Forwasted_, laid -waste, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 1. - -=forwearied,= extremely wearied. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 13; Davies, -Orchestra, 58 (Arber’s Garland, v. 37). - -=forwhy,= because. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 412, col. 1; Richard II, -v. 1. 46. ME. _for-why_ (Chaucer, Bk. Duch. 461); see Dict. M. and S., -and Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=forwithered,= utterly withered. Sackville, Induction, st. 12. - -=forworn,= worn out, exhausted. Gascoigne, Jocasta, iv. 1 (Antigone). - -=forwounded,= badly wounded. Morte Arthur, leaf 175, back, 26; bk. ix, -c. 9. - -=foster,= a ‘forester’. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 17; iii. 4. 50. Hence the -surname ‘Foster’. - -=fougade,= a small powder-mine; applied to the gunpowder plot of Guy -Fawkes; ‘The fougade or powder plot’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, -§ 17. F. _fougade_, a mine (Cotgr.). - -=foulder,= a thunder-bolt. Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 47; hence as -vb., to drive out, as with a thunder-bolt, id., Mortimer, st. 4. -Anglo-F. _fouldre_ (Gower). - -=fouldring,= thunderous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 20. - -=foumerd,= a ‘foumart’, polecat. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 52. For numerous -forms of this very general prov. name for the polecat see EDD. (s.v. -Foumart). See =fulmart.= - -=fourraye,= to fall upon, attack, raid; lit. to foray, plunder, act as -forayers. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 203. 8; _foureyed and threstid_, -charged and thrust, id., leaf 299. 29. See NED. (s.v. Foray). - -=foutra, footra,= an expression of contempt; _a foutra for_, a fig for. -2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 103; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). For the -origin, see NED. - -=fowe, fow,= to clean out, cleanse; ‘I fowe a gonge’, Palsgrave. In -prov. use in some parts of England for the more usual ‘fey’ or ‘fie’, -see EDD. (s.v. Fay, vb.^{2}). ME. _fowyn_, or make clean, ‘mundo, -emundo’ (Prompt. EETS. 184, see note no. 833); Icel. _fāga_, to clean. - -=fowl,= a bird; pronounced like _fool_, and quibbled upon. 3 Hen. VI, v. -6. 18-20. - -=fox,= a kind of sword. Hen. V, iv. 4. 9; ‘A right [genuine] fox’, Two -Angry Women, ii. 4 (Coomes). The wolf on some makes of sword-blade is -supposed to have been mistaken for a fox. - -=foxed,= drunk. (Cant.) Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 3 (Clown); -_fox_, to make drunk, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 (near the end); -Pepys, Diary, Oct. 26, 1660. - -=fox-in-the-hole,= a game in which boys hopped on one leg, and beat each -other with pieces of leather (Boas). Kyd, Soliman and Persida, i. 3 -(end); Herrick, The Country Life, 57. - -=foy,= fidelity, homage. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 41. F. _foi_, faith. - -=fraight,= _pp._ fraught, loaded. Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce, p. 601, col. -1; Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 35. - -=frail,= a basket made of rushes. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 2 (Peregrine); -‘A frail of figges’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, iv. 2 (Silena); ‘_Cabas_, a -frail for raisins or figs’, Cotgrave; so Palsgrave. In common prov. use -in various parts of England—the Midlands, E. Anglia, and south-west -counties—for a soft flexible basket used by workmen and tradesmen -(EDD.). ME. _ffrayl_ of _ffrute_, ‘carica’ (Prompt.), _fraiel_ (Wyclif, -Jer. xxiv. 2); OF. _frayel_, ‘cabas à figues’ (La Curne). See Thomas, -Phil. Fr. 366. - -=fraischeur,= freshness, coolness. Dryden, Poem on the Coronation, 102. -F. _fraischeur_ (mod. _fraîcheur_), coolness (Cotgr.). - -=franion,= an idle, loose, licentious person. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; -v. 3. 22; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); Works, i. 44. See Nares. - -=frank,= a sty, a place to feed pigs in. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 160; -‘_Franc_, a franke, or stie, to feed or fatten hogs in’, Cotgrave; as -vb., to fatten, confine in a sty, Richard III, i. 3. 314; Middleton, -Game at Chess, v. 3. 14. ME. _frank_, a place for fattening animals, -‘saginarium’ (Prompt.), see Way’s note; OF. _franc_ (Didot), see Ducange -(s.v. Francum). - -=frapler,= a blusterer, quarrelsome person. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -iv. 1 (Amorphus); see NED. (s.v. Fraple). Cp. _frap_, to quarrel, -_frappish_, quarrelsome, in EDD. - -=frappet,= an endearing term addressed to a girl; ‘My little frappet’, -Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, v. 1 (Ilford). - -=fraught,= freight, cargo. Edw. III, v. 1. 79; Tempest, v. 1. 61; _fig._ -of news brought by a new-comer. Milton, Samson, 1075; as vb., to lade, -load, form a cargo, Tempest, 1. 2. 13. See Dict. - -=fraunch,= to devour; ‘Fraunching the fysh . . . with teath of brasse’, -Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 69; _fraunshe_, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. -1575, 358); see NED. - -=fraunchise,= freedom. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 15, § last; -Fabyan, Chron. an. 1247-8, ed. Ellis, p. 336. ME. _franchyse_, privilege -(Chaucer), _fraunchyse_, ‘libertas’ (Prompt.); Anglo-F. _fraunchise_, -freedom, privileged liberty (Gower). - -=fraying,= the coating rubbed off the horns of a deer, when she rubs it -against a tree. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (John). - -=fraying-stock,= a tree-stem against which a hart frays (or rubs) his -horns. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 27, p. 69. - -=fream,= to roar, rage. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, ii. 234; iv. 169. L. -_fremere_. - -=freat,= a weak place or blemish in a bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 114, -120; as vb., to injure, damage, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 4; in -Tottel’s Misc., p. 27. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OF. _frete_ (_fraite_), -a breach, injury, see La Curne (s.v. Fraicte), and Didot (s.v. Fraite). - -=freke,= a warrior, fighting-man. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; Grimald, -Epitaph on Sir J. Wilford, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 112. ME. _freke_, a -warrior, a man (Dict. M. and S.), OE. _freca_ (Beowulf). - -=fremman,= a stranger. Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 210. -For _fremd man_; ‘Fremd’ is in common prov. use for strange, foreign, in -Scotland and the north of England down to Northampton (EDD.). ME. -_fremede_, foreign (Chaucer). OE. _fremede_. - -=frenne,= a stranger, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 28. ‘Fren’ is given as -a Caithness word in EDD. ME. _frend_, foreign (Plowman’s Tale, 626). See -above. - -=frequent,= crowded, well-attended. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 3. 1; Dryden, -Hind and Panther, iii. 25; _f. to_, addicted to, Wint. Tale, iv. 2. 36; -_frequent with_, familiar with, Shak. Sonnet 117. L. _frequens_, crowded -(Cicero). - -=freshet,= a stream or brook of fresh water. Hakluyt, Voy. i. 113, l. 4 -from bottom; Milton, P. R. ii. 345. - -=fret,= to wear away; to chafe, rub; ‘Frets like a gummed velvet’, 2 -Hen. IV, ii. 2. 2. (Velvet, when stiffened with gum, quickly rubbed and -fretted itself out.) - -=friar’s lantern,= _Ignis fatuus_, will-of-the-wisp. Milton, L’Allegro, -104. [Scott in Marmion, iv. i, following Milton, has taken the ‘friar’ -to be Friar Rush, who had nothing to do with the _Ignis fatuus_, but was -the hero of a popular story—a demon disguised as a friar.] - -=frim,= vigorous; ‘My frim and lusty flank’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 397; -abundant in sap, juicy, id., Owle, 5; Worlidge, Syst. Agric, 224. In -gen. prov. use in England in the sense of vigorous, healthy, thriving, -in good condition, luxuriant in growth; also, juicy, succulent (EDD.). -OE. *_frym_, cogn. w. _freme_, good, strenuous (BT.). - -=frisle,= to ‘frizzle’, to curl the hair in small crisp curls. -Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1145; Twyne, tr. Aeneid, xii. 100. See EDD. (s.v. -Frizzle, vb.^{2}). - -=frith,= wooded country, wood; often used vaguely; ‘In fryth or fell’, -Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 306); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, -ix. 85 (L. _silva_). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). -ME. _frith_, ‘frith and fell’ (Cursor M. 7697). OE. _fyrhð_, a wood -(Earle, Charters, 158). - -=fro, froe;= see =frow.= - -=fro,= to go frowardly or amiss, to be unsuccessful. Mirror for Mag., -Yorke, st. 23. - -=frolic,= _s._, (prob.) a set of humorous verses sent round at a feast. -B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3 (Meer.). - -=froligozene,= _interj._, rejoice!, be happy! Two Angry Women, ii. 2 -(end); Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 (Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 173. -Du. _vrolijk zijn_, to be cheerful. - -=fronted,= confronted. Bacon, Essay 15, § 16. - -=frontisterion;= in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 310. See =phrontisterion.= - -=frontless,= shameless. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 159; Odyssey, i. 425; -Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1040. 1187. - -=frore,= intensely cold, frosty; ‘The parching Air Burns frore’, Milton, -P. L. ii. 595. Now only in poetical diction after Milton’s use. OE. -_froren_ pp. of _frēosan_, to freeze. ‘Frore’ is still in prov. use in -various parts of England for ‘frozen’, see EDD. (s.v. Freeze, 3 (11)). - -=frorn,= frozen. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 243. In use in E. Anglia. -See above. - -=frory,= frosty. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 35. A Suffolk word (EDD.). - -=frosling,= a ‘frostling’, a gosling nipped or injured by frost. -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 460. ‘Froslin(g’ is a Suffolk word for -anything—plant or animal—injured by the frost (EDD.). - -=frote, froat,= to rub, chafe; to rub a garment with perfumes. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Middleton, A Trick to Catch, -iv. 3 (1 Creditor). In prov. use in the north country and Shropshire -(EDD.). ME. _frote_, to rub (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1115, OF. -_froter_ (F. _frotter_). - -=frounce,= to frizz or curl the hair; ‘An ouerstaring frounced hed’, -Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); Milton, Il Penseroso, -123. F. _froncer_, to wrinkle the brow, to frown. See Dict. (s.v. -Flounce, 2). - -=frow, frowe, fro,= a Dutchwoman; a woman. London Prodigall, v. 1. 164; -Bacchus’ _froes_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, v. 1 -(Wittypate). Du. _vrouw_; cp. G. _Frau_. See Stanford. - -=frowy,= musty, sour, stale; ‘They like not of the frowie fede’, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 111. In use in E. Anglia and America, see -EDD. (s.v. Frowy), and NED. (s.v. Froughy). Probably a deriv. of OE. -_þrōh_, rancid (Napier’s OE. Glosses, vii. 193 and 210). - -=froy,= brave, handsome, gallant; ‘And then my froy Hans Buz, A -Dutchman’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Thomas). Du. _fraai_, -‘brave, handsome, gallant, neat’ (Sewel). Cp. F. _frais_, ‘fresh, young, -lusty’ (Cotgr.). - -=frubber,= a furbisher, burnisher, or polisher. Said to a maid-servant, -Chapman, Widow’s Tears, v. 3 (Tharsalio). - -=frubbish,= to polish by rubbing; ‘To frubbish, _fricando polire_’, -Levins, Manip.; hence, _frubisher_, a polisher, Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1076. F. _fourbir_, ‘to furbish, polish’ (Cotgr.). - -=frump,= to mock or snub. Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 (Franio); -‘_Sorner_, to jest, boord, frump, gull’, Cotgrave; ‘Hee frumpeth those -his mistresse frownes on’, Man in the Moone (Nares); a scoffer, -Gascoigne (ed. Hazlitt, i. 24); a taunt, a biting sarcasm, Harington, -Epigrams (Nares); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 3. ‘To frump’ is -in prov. use in many parts of England, meaning to flout, jeer; to scold, -speak sharply or rudely to, see EDD. (s.v. Frump, vb.^{2}). - -=frush,= to bruise, batter. Tr. and Cr. v. 6. 29; _frusshid_, dashed in -pieces, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 28. OF. _fruissier_, _froissier_, -to break to pieces. - -=frush,= fragments, remnants. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 39. A -Scottish word, see EDD. (s.v. Frush, sb.^{1} 4). - -=fub,= a cheat, a fool. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Malevole). - -=fub= (_gen._ with _off_), to put off deceitfully. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 37; -_to fob off_, Coriolanus, i. 1. 97. Cp. Low G. _foppen_, ‘Einen zum -Narren haben’ (Berghaus). See EDD. (s.v. Fob, vb.^{4}). - -=fubbed,= fobbed, cheated. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). - -=fucate,= artificially painted over, disguised. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. iii, c. 4, § last but one. L. _fucatus_, pp. of _fucare_, to paint -the face; from _fucus_; see below. - -=fucus,= paint for the complexion, a cosmetic. B. Jonson, Sejanus, ii. 1 -(Eudemus); Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo). L. _fucus_, -red dye. Gk. φῦκος, _rouge_, prepared from seaweed so called. - -=fuge,= to flee, flee away; ‘I to fuge and away’, Gascoigne, Works, i. -231. (The construction seems to be—_I_ (_gan_) _to fuge._) L. _fugere_. - -†=fulker,= a pawn-broker. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). Cp. Du. -_focker_, ‘an engrosser of wares’ (Hexham). See Fog (to traffic). - -=fullam,= a loaded dice. Merry Wives, i. 3. 94. Spelt _fulham_. Butler, -Hudibras, ii. 1. 642. - -=fulmart,= a ‘foumart’, pole-cat. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 4 (Lady -Tub); also _fullymart_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 31. ME. -_fulmard_, _fulmerde_, a polecat, OE. _fūl_, foul, and _mearð_, marten, -see Dict. M. and S. See =foumerd.= - -=fum,= to play or thrum (on a guitar) with the fingers. Westward Ho, v. -2; Dryden, Assignation, ii. 3. - -=fumado, fumatho,= a smoked pilchard; ‘Cornish pilchards, otherwise -called _Fumados_’, Nash, Lenten Stuff (1871), p. 61 (NED.); _fumatho_, -Marston, The Fawn, iv. 1 (Page); ‘Their pilchards . . . by the name of -Fumadoes, with oyle and a lemon, are meat for the mightiest Don in -Spain’, Fuller, Worthies, Cornwall, 1. 194. Span. _fumado_, pp. of -_fumar_, to smoke; L. _fumus_, smoke. See EDD. (s.v. Fair-maid). - -=fumbling,= rambling in speech, hesitating. North, tr. of Plutarch, J. -Caesar, § 43 (in Shak. Plut., p. 98, n. 2); ‘Thy fumbling throat’, -Marston, Antonio’s Revenge, i. 1 (Piero). - -=fumer,= a perfumer. Beaumont and Fl., Triumph of Time, sc. 1 (Desire). - -=fumish,= angry, fractious. See EDD. and Nares. _Fumishly_, with -indignation, ‘Toke highly or fumishly’; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § -14. - -=fumishing,= variant of _fewmishing_, the dung of a hart or deer. -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 23; p. 65. See =fewmets.= - -=funambulous,= narrow, as if one were walking on a tight-rope; ‘This -funambulous path’, Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 31. - -=furacane, furicane,= a hurricane; ‘These tempestes of the ayer . . . -they caule Furacanes’, R. Eden, First three E. Books on America (ed. -Arber, p. 81). _Furicanes_, Heywood, Iron Age, Part II, vol. iii, p. -405. O. Span. _furacan_ (Sp. _huracan_), Pg. _furacão_, from the Carib -word given by Peter Martyr as _furacan_. See NED. (s.v. Hurricane). - -=furbery,= a trick, imposture. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. viii, p. -43. F. _fourberie_, a trick. - -=fur-fare,= to cause to perish, destroy. Morte Arthur, leaf 95, back, -30; bk. vi, c. 6. See =forfare.= - -=furniment,= furniture, array. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 38. F. -_fourniment_, provision, furniture; _fournir_, to furnish (Cotgr.). - -=furniture,= equipment. Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 182; trappings, All’s Well, -ii. 3. 65. - -†=furny;= ‘I have a furny card in a place’, Lusty Juventus, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 78. Meaning doubtful; perhaps = F. _fourni_, provided. - -=fustick,= the name of a kind of wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; Dyer, -The Fleece, bk. iii. 189. The name was given to _two_ kinds of wood: -(_a_) that of the Venetian sumach (_Rhus Cotinus_); (_b_) of the -_Cladrastis tinctoria_ of the W. Indies. F. and Span. _fustoc_, Arab. -_fustuq_; from Gk. πιστάκη, pistachio. - -=futile,= unable to hold one’s tongue, loquacious. Bacon, Essay 20, § 4. -L. _futilis_, that easily pours out, ‘leaky’. - -=fyaunts;= see =fiants.= - - - - - G - - -=gabel,= tribute, tax. Massinger, Emp. of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria). -OF. _gabelle_, Late L. _gabella_; cp. Med. L. _gabulum_, tribute -(Ducange). A word of Arabic origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, pp. 74, 75, and -Modern Language Review, July, 1912 (note by A. L. Mayhew on -‘Gavelkind’). - -=gable,= a ‘cable’, rope. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 333; ix. 211; x. -165; xii. 47, 577. See NED. - -=gaffle,= a steel lever for bonding the cross-bow. Drayton, Muses’ -Elysium, Nymphal vi, 67; Complete Gunner, iii. 15. 12 (NED.). Du. -_gaffel_, a fork. - -=gage,= a quart-pot. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_A gage of bowse_, whiche is a -quart-pot of drinke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 34. For _gauge_, i.e. a -measure. - -=gag-tooth,= a projecting or prominent tooth. Return from Parnassus, l. -2 (Ingenieso); hence, _gag-toothed_, Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 -(Vincentio); _gagge-toothed_, Lyly, Euphues, p. 116. - -=gain,= near, straight, direct; said of a way; ‘They told me it was a -_gayner_ way, and a fayrer way’, Latimer, 3 Sermon before King, ed. -Arber, p. 101 (top). In gen. prov. use in Scotland, and in England in -the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia, EDD. (s.v. Gain, adj. 1). -ME. _geyn_, ryȝht forth, ‘directus’ (Prompt.); Icel. _gegn_. - -=gaingiving,= a misgiving. Hamlet, v. 2. 226. The prefix _gain-_ has the -sense of opposition. OE. _gegn_, see NED. - -†=gain-legged= (?); ‘I’ll short that gain-legg’d Longshank by the top’, -Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce, i. 103). Possibly, nimble, active-legged. Cp. -EDD. (sv. Gain, adj. 5). - -=galage,= a wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole; ‘A Galage, a shoe: -_solea_, _sandalium_’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Galage, a startuppe or clownish -shoe’, Glosse to Spenser’s Shep. Kal., Feb., 244; ‘Shoe called a gallage -or patten whyche hath nothynge but lachettes’, Hulcet. ME. _galegge_ or -_galoch_, ‘crepita’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 837); Anglo-F. -_galoche_. See Dict. (s.v. Galoche). - -=gald,= to gall; pt. t. _galded_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 422; pp. -_galded_, Eden, First three Books on America, p. 386. A false form; from -the pp. - -=galley-foist,= a state barge, esp. of the Lord Mayor of London. -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. 2 (end); B. Jonson, Silent -Woman, iv. 2. See =foist.= - -=galliard,= lively, brisk, gay. Shadwell, Humorist, ii (Works, ed. 1720, -i. 172); _galyarde_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 3, § 1. ME. -_gaillard_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4367); F. _gaillard_, gay. - - =galliard,= a quick and lively dance in triple time. Twelfth Nt. - i. 3. 137; Bacon, Essay 32. - -=galliardise,= gaiety. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. II, § 11. F. -_gaillardise_ (Cotgr.). - -=gallimaufry,= a medley. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 335; used as a term of -contempt, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre); spelt -_gallymalfreye_, Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 64. F. _galimafrée_, -a dish made by hashing up remnants of food; a hodge-podge; OF. -_calimafree_ (Hatzfeld). - -=galyarde;= see =galliard.= - -=gamashes,= leggings or gaiters to protect from mud and wet. Middleton, -Father Hubberd’s Tales (Dedication); Marston, What you will, ii. 1 -(Laverdure). In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). Norm. F. -_gamaches_, ‘grandes guêtres en toile, montant jusqu’au dessus du genou’ -(Moisy); Prov. _garramacho_ (_garamacho_), ‘houseau’ (Mistral); -Languedoc dial. _garamachos_, _galamachos_, _gamachos_, ‘guêtres de -pêcheurs’ (Boucoiran). - -=gambawd,= a gambol, a frisk. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 65. _To fett -gambaudes_, to fetch gambols, to gambol, frisk about, Udall, tr. of -Apophthegmes, Aristippus, § 45. F. ‘_gambade_, a gambol, tumbling trick’ -(Cotgr.). - -=gambone,= a gammon of bacon; ‘a gambone of bakon’, Skelton, El. -Rummyng, 327. ME. _gambon_, a ham (Boke St. Albans, fol. f2, back); OF. -(Picard) _gambon_ (F. _jambon_), leg; for related words see Moisy (s.v. -Gambe). - -=gambrel,= a stick placed by butchers between the shoulders of a newly -killed sheep, to keep the carcass open. Chapman. Mons. d’Olive, iii -(near the end). In gen. prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, sb.^{1} 1). - -=gambrill,= the hock of an animal. Holland, Pliny, i. 225. Cp. -_gammerel_, ‘a hock’, a Devon and Somerset word, see EDD. (s.v. Gambrel, -sb.^{1} 2). - -=gamning,= gaming. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 51. So also _gamnes_, games, -id., p. 52. From OE. _gamen_, a game. - -=gan,= the mouth. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 82; Brome, Jovial Crew, ii -(Mort’s song). - -=ganch, gaunch,= to let one fall on sharp stakes (orig. on a sharp -hook), there to remain till death. Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 2 -(Mufti). Hence _gaunshing_, this kind of punishment; Howell, Foreign -Travell, Appendix, p. 85. F. _gancher_: ‘_Ganché_, (a person) let fall -(as in a strappado) on sharp stakes pointed with iron, and thereon -languishing until he die’ (Cotgr.); Ital. ‘_ganciare_, to sharpen at the -point’ (Florio). - -=gandermooner,= one who practised gallantry during the gander-moon, or -month when his wife was lying in. Middleton, Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Meg’s -song). ‘Gander-moon’ is still used in Cheshire, meaning the month of the -wife’s confinement, see EDD. (s.v. Gander, (6)). - -=ganza,= a goose. In The Man in the Moon, by Bp. Godwin, a man is said -to have been drawn to the moon by _Ganza’s_. The name was borrowed from -Holland’s Pliny, bk. x, c. 22 (vol. i. 281a), where Holland has: ‘The -Geese there . . . be called _Ganzæ_.’ But the L. text has _Gantæ_. Hence -the pl. _ganzas_, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 782. - -=gar,= to cause, to make; ‘I’ll gar take’, I will make you take, B. -Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); ‘_Ays gar_’ (for _I’s’gar_), I shall -make, Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). In gen. prov. use in Scotland -and the north of England (EDD.). ME. _gar_ (Cursor M. 4870); Icel. -_ger_(_v_)_a_. - -=garb,= a wheat-sheaf. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 370. Norm. F. _garbe_ (F. -_gerbe_), see Moisy, p. 533. - -=garboil,= a tumult, disturbance, brawl. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 61; ii. 2. -67; Shirley, Young Admiral, iii. 2. 1. F. _garbouil_, ‘a garboil, -hurliburly’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _garbuglio_, a garboile; _garbugliare_, to -garboile, to turmoile (Florio). - -=gardage, guardage,= keeping, guardianship. Othello, i. 2. 70; Fletcher, -Thierry, v. 1 (Vitry). - -=garded, guarded,= trimmed, provided with an ornamental border or -trimming. Merch. of Venice, ii. 2. 164; Hen. VIII, Prol. 16. - -=garden-bull,= a bull baited at Paris Garden, on the Bankside, London. -Middleton, The Changeling, ii. 1 (De F.). - -=gardes,= the dew-claws of a deer or boar; ‘Gardes [of a boar], which -are his hinder clawes or dewclawes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 52; p. 154; -_gards_ [of a deer], id., c. 37; p. 100. F. _gardes_: ‘les gardes d’un -sanglier, the deaw-claws, or hinder claws of a wild Boar’ (Cotgr.). - -=gardeviance,= orig. a safe or cupboard for viands, usually, a -travelling trunk or wallet; ‘Bagge or gardeviaunce to put meat in, -_reticulum_’, Huloet; ‘a gardeviance of usquebagh’, Sir B. Boyle, Diary -(NED.); a little casket, Udall, tr. Apoph., Alexander, § 52. F. -_garde-r_, to keep, + _viande_(_s_, viands. - -=garet,= a watch-tower. Morte Arthur, leaf 100, back, 6; bk. vi, c. 11. -ME. _garyt_, ‘specula’ (Prompt. EETS. 187). OF. _garite_ (F. _guérite_); -see Cotgrave on both forms, and Estienne, Précellence, 358. See Dict. -(s.v. Garret). - -=gargarism,= a gargle; humorously, a physician. Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 16. Gk. γαργαρίζειν, to gargle. - -=gargell-face,= a face like a ‘gargoyle’, or grotesquely carved spout; -‘Before that entry grim, with gargell-face’, Phaer, Aeneid vi, 556 -(without any Latin equivalent). See Dict. (s.v. Gargoyle). - -=garing,= staring, horrid; ‘With fifty garing heads’, Phaer, tr. of -Virgil, bk. vi, l. 576 (Latin text). See =gaure.= - -=garnysshe,= to supply (a castle) with defensive force and provisions. -Morte Arthur, leaf 18. 32, bk. i, c. 1; lf. 26. 8, bk. i, c. 11. F. -‘_garnir_, to garnish, provide, supply’ (Cotgr.). - -=garran, garron,= a small Irish or Scotch horse. Spenser, View of -Ireland, Globe ed., p. 619, col. 2. Irish _gearran_, a horse, a gelding -(Dinneen). - -=gaskins,= a kind of hose or breeches. Dekker, Gentle Craft (Wks., ed. -1873, i. 18); Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); -‘_Gascoigne breeches_, or Venetian hosen, _greguéscos_’, Minsheu, Span. -Dict.; ‘_Gascoyne bride_, one who wears breeches’, Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 2 (Sir Guy). ‘Gaskins’ is a Lincolnsh. word for gaiters (EDD.). - -=gast,= to frighten. King Lear, ii. 2. 57; ‘I gasted hym, _Je lui -baillay belle paour_’, Palsgrave. ME. _gasten_: ‘To gaste crowen from -his corn’ (P. Plowman, A. vii. 129). - -=gaster,= to frighten, Giffard, Dial. Witches (Nares); Beaumont and Fl., -Wit at Several Weapons, ii. 4 (near end). A north-country and Essex word -(EDD.). - -=gate,= a way, path, road. Gascoigne, Voyage to Holland (ed. Hazlitt), -i. 385; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 13. In common use in the north country down -to Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.^{2} 1); cp. ‘Irongate’, the name -of the busiest thoroughfare in Derby. ME. _gate_, or way, ‘via’ (Prompt. -EETS. 188). Icel. _gata_. - -=gate,= to walk; ‘Three stages . . . Neere the seacost gating’, -Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 191. Cp. Worcestersh. phr. _to go gaiting_, to go -about for pleasure, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, vb.^{2} 21). - -=gate-vein,= the principal vein; applied metaphorically to the chief -course of trade. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 146; Bacon, Essay 19. -See =vena porta.= - -=gather-bag;= ‘_Gather-bag_, the bag or skinne, inclosing a young red -Deere in the Hyndes belly’, Bullokar (1616); ‘The _Gather-bagge_ or -mugwet of a yong Harte when it is in the Hyndes bellie’, Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 15; p. 39. - -=gauderie,= finery. Hall, Satires, iii. 1. 64; Bacon, Essay 29, § 12. - -=gauding,= festivity; hence, jesting, foolery. Udall, Roister Doister, -iii. 4. 1. - -=gaunt,= a gannet; ‘The gaglynge gaunte’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 447. -‘Gaunt’ is the Lincolnsh. word for the great crested grebe (EDD.). ME. -_gante_ (Prompt. EETS.); OE. _ganot_. - -=gaunt,= thin, slender; ‘She was gaunte agayne’ [after childbirth], -Latimer, 5 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 154); ‘They who . . . -desire to be gant and slender . . . ought to forbear drinking at -meales’, Holland, tr. Pliny, ii. 152. ‘Gant’ is in prov. use for slim, -slender; in Suffolk they speak of horses looking ‘gant’; so in Kent, of -a greyhound that is thin in the flanks (EDD.). ME. _gawnt_, or lene -(Prompt.). - -=gaure,= to stare, gaze. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2275. ME. _gauren_ -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1108 (1157). - - =gaurish,= staring, showy, garish. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 54. - -=gavel,= a quantity of corn, cut and ready to be made into a sheaf. -_Gavel-heap_, said of wheat that is reaped but not bound, Chapman, tr. -of Iliad, xxi. 328. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Gavel, sb.^{2}). -Norm. F. _gavelle_, ‘javelle’ (Moisy), Med. L. _gavella_ (Ducange). - -=gaw;= see =gow.= - -=gawring-stock,= a gazing-stock, a spectacle. Mirror for Mag., Yorke, -st. 21. See =gaure.= - -=gazet, gazette,= a Venetian coin of small value. B. Jonson, Volpone, -ii. 2 (Peregrine); Massinger, Maid of Honour iii. 1 (Jacomo). Ital. -‘_gazzetta_, a kind of small coyn in Venice, not worth a farthing of -ours’ (Florio). See Dict. - -†=geances.= Only in B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 4 (Hilts). A rustic -pronunciation of _chances_? Nares supposes that _geances_ = _jaunces_. -See =jaunce.= - -=gear, geer, gere,= dress, apparel. L. L. L. v. 2. 304. (ME. _gere_, -equipment, Chaucer, C. T. A. 4016). Also, wealth, property, B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1; talk, in depreciatory sense, ‘stuff’, Selden, Table -Talk (ed. Arber, 20); an affair, business, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 6; Romeo, -ii. 4. 107; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, i. 1 (Yellow). ‘Gear’ is very -common in prov. use in various senses; see EDD. (s.v.): 1, apparel; 9 -and 10, goods, property; 15, trash, rubbish; 16, affair, business. See -Dict. - -=geason,= scantily produced; rare, scarce, uncommon; ‘Ixine is a rare -herb and geason to be seen’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 98; Spenser, F. Q. vi. -4. 37. ME. _gesen_ (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 271). OE. _gǣsne_, barren, -unproductive. An Essex word (EDD.). - -=geats;= ‘The female, which are called Geats, and the buckes Goates’, -Turbervile, Hunting, ch. 47; p. 146. ME. _geet_, pl. she-goats -(Trevisa’s Higden, i. 311). OE. _gǣt_, nom. pl. of _gāt_, a she-goat. - -=gee and ree;= ‘He expostulates with his Oxen very understandingly, and -speaks Gee and Ree better than English’, Earle, Microcosm, (ed. Arber, -49). Cp. EDD. (s.v. Gee, _int._): ‘Some or other of the crook horses -invariably crossed him on the road . . . owing to two words of the -driver, namely “gee” and “ree”,’ Bray’s Desc., Tamar and Tavy. Two words -of command to an animal driven; _Gee_, directs it to go forward, to move -faster, _Ree_, to turn to the right. - -=gelt,= a lunatic; ‘Like a ghastly Gelt whose wits are reaved’, Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 7. 21. Irish _gealt_ (_geilt_), a madman (Dinneen). - -=gelu,= ‘jelly’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 265. - -=gemonies,= steps on the Aventine Hill (Rome) whence the bodies of state -criminals were flung down, and afterwards dragged into the Tiber -(_scalae Gemoniae_). Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1 (Lamia); B. Jonson, -Sejanus, iv. 5 (Lepidus). - -=genethliac,= relating to nativities; hence, one who calculates -nativities, an astrologer. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 689. Gk. -γενεθλιακός, belonging to birth; from γενέθλη, birth. - -=Geneva print.= In the Merry Devil, ii. 1. 64, the Host says to the -half-drunken smith, ‘I see by thy eyes thou hast been reading little -Geneva print’, i.e. literally, type such as is in the Geneva Bible; but, -allusively, it means, ‘you have been drinking _geneva’_, i.e. _gin_. - -=geniture,= horoscope, the plan of a nativity, Burton, Anat. Mel. i. 1; -that which is generated, offspring, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, 1345. L. -_genitura_, a begetting; seed of generation (Pliny); that which is -generated (Tertullian). - -=gennet-moyl,= a kind of apple that ripens early; ‘Trees grafted on a -gennet-moyl or cider-stock’, Worlidge, Dict. Rust., 1681. p. 121; -_genet-moyle_, Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 116. See EDD. (s.v. -jennet). - -=gent,= noble, high-born; valiant and courteous. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. -17; (of women) graceful, elegant, F. Q. i. 9. 27; (of the body) shapely, -slender, Greene, Desc. of the Shepherd, 62 (ed. Dyce, p. 305). OF. -_gent_, well-born. - -=gentee,= genteel, elegant. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 747. F. _gentil_ -(_l_ silent). - -=gentry-cove,= a nobleman or gentleman. (Cant.) B. Jonson, Gipsies -Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘A gentry cofes ken, a gentleman’s house’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -=George,= a half-crown, bearing the image of St. George. Shadwell, -Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior). - -=gere;= see =gear.= - -=gere, gear, geer,= a sudden fit of passion, transient fancy. North, -Plutarch (ed. 1676, p. 140); Holland, Am. Marcell. xxxi. 12. 421. ME. -_gere_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1531). - - =gery,= capricious, fitful; ‘His seconde hawke waxid gery’, - Skelton, Ware the Hawke, 66. ME. _gery_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. - 1536). - -=german,= a brother. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 13; ii. 8. 46; cp. Othello, i. -1. 114. L. _germanus_, having the same father and mother. - -=gern,= a snarl, a ‘grin’. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Balurdo); -_gerne_, to grin, id., The Fawn, iv. 1 (Zuccone); Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. -15. ‘Girn’ is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of -England (EDD.). ME. _gyrn_, to grin (Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 322; xiii. -157). - -†=gernative,= grinning (?). Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 5 (Dampit). - -=gerr,= to jar, to be discordant. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 17. - -=gesse,= pl. guests. Lyly, Euphues, 305; spelt _guesse_, Gage, West -Indies, xiv. 90; _guess_, Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4. 6. See NED. (s.v. -Guest). - -=gesseron,= a ‘jazerant’, a light coat of armour. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, ch. 17, § 7. OF. _jazeran_ (_jesseran_), a light coat -of armour, see Didot (s.v. Jaseran); orig. an adj., as in _osberc -jazerenc_ (Ch. Rol. 1604), O. Prov. _jazeren_, ‘de mailles’ (Levy). Dozy -(s.v. Jacerina) says that the supposition that the word means ‘Algerian’ -is unfounded. - -=gest,= pl. _gests_, the various stages of a journey, esp. of a royal -progress; ‘In Jacob’s gests Succoth succeeds . . . to Peniel’, Fuller, -Pisgah, v. 3. 147; ‘The King’s gests’, L’Estrange, Charles I, 126. -_Gest_, the time allotted for a halt, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 41. A later -form of =gist,= q.v. - -=gest=(=e,= story, narrative. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 15; exploit, Mother -Hubberd’s Tale, 978. ME. _geste_, romance, tale; pl. histories, -occurrences (Chaucer). Anglo-F. _geste_, L. (res) _gesta_, a thing -performed. - -=gets,= pl. the jesses of a hawk; ‘Her gets, her jesses and her bells’, -Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles). Both _gets_ and _jess_ are -plural forms of OF. and Prov. _get_ (F. _jet_), ‘a cast, a throw’, cp. -F. _jeter_, to throw. The form _jesses_ is a double plural. - -=giambeux,= armour for the legs. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. _jambeux_ -(Chaucer, C. T. B. 2065). Deriv. of F. _jambe_, the leg (Cotgr.). - -=gib,= a familiar name for a cat. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190. Also, _Gib-cat_, -‘I am as melancholy as a gib-cat’, 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83. Hence, _Your -Gibship_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 1. ‘Gib’ and ‘Gib-cat’ are -in prov. use in the north, and down to Hereford, in the sense of a male -cat, gen. one that has been castrated (EDD.). - -=gibbed cat,= gen. taken to mean a castrated cat. Rowley, A Match at -Midnight, ii. 1 (Jarvis). - -=gibbridge,= unintelligible talk, idle talk. Drayton, Pol. xii. 227; -‘_Bagois_, gibridge, strange talk, idle tattle’, Cotgrave. A Yorksh. -pronunciation of _gibberish_ (EDD.). - -=Giberalter,= ? a Gibraltar monkey, an ape, Merry Devil, i. 2. 14. See -NED. - -=gig= (with hard _g_), to produce another like itself, but smaller. Only -used metaphorically, and derived from ME. _gigge_, a whipping-top. See -NED., which has: ‘The verb seems to denote the action of some kind of -_gig_, or whipping-top of peculiar construction, having inside it a -smaller _gig_ of the same shape, which was thrown out by the effect of -rapid rotation.’ Hence, ‘The first [lampoon] produces, still, a second -jig [i.e. lampoon]; You whip them out, like schoolboys [i.e. as -schoolboys do], till they gig’; Dryden, Prologue to Amphitryon, 20, 21. - -=giggots,= slices, small pieces. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 452; ii. 372; -spelt _giggets_, Fletcher, Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Boatswain). F. -_gigot_, a leg of mutton. See NED. - -=giglet, giglot,= a wanton. Meas. for M. v. 352; B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. -4 (Sej.), where it is applied to Fortune; Middleton, Family of Love, i. -2 (Gudgeon). In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland -(EDD.). ME. _gygelot_, ‘agagula’ (Prompt. EETS. 191). Cp. F. -_gigolette_, ‘grisette, faubourienne courant les bals publics’ -(Delesalle). - -=gilder,= a ‘guilder’, an old Dutch coin. Comedy of Errors, i. 1. 8. Du. -_gulden_, ‘a guilder’ (Sewel); with _n_ not pronounced, it sounds like -_gilder_ to an English ear. See Dict. (s.v. Guilder). - -=gill,= a wench, servant-maid. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 709; ‘A gill or -gill-flirt, _gaultiere_, _ricalde_’, Sherwood. A pet name for Gillian or -Juliana. - -=gilt,= a jocose term for money. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 -(Follywit); Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat). - -=gilt-head,= a name given to various fishes. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -i. 1 (Romelio); Hakluyt, Voy. iii. 520, l. 7. Applied to fishes marked -on the head with golden spots or lines; such as the bonito, the dorado -or dolphin, and the golden wrasse. - -=gim,= smart, spruce. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, i. 3 (Mrs. Amlet). In -prov. use in Lancashire and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jim, adj.). - -=gimcrack,= an affected or worthless person, a fop. Fletcher, Loyal -Subject, iv. 2 (Theodore). Also, a fanciful notion, Massinger, Duke of -Milan, iv. 3 (Graccho). - -=gimmal,= in pl. _gimmals_, _gimols_, joints, links, connecting parts of -machinery, Gosson, Trump. War, F 5 (NED.). Hence _gimmaled_, made with -gimmals or joints, ‘The jymold (gimmaled) bitt’, Hen. V, iv. 2. 49; -spelt _gymould_, made with links (applied to mailed armour), K. Edw. -III, i. 2. 29. ME. _gymew_, _gymowe_, ‘gemella’ (Prompt. EETS. 191, see -note no. 877). OF. _gemel_ (F. _gemeau_), L. _gemellus_, twin. See -=jimmal-ring.= - -=gimmors,= links in machinery, esp. for transmitting motion as in -clockwork. 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 41. ‘Gimmer’ (‘jimmer’) is a name for a -hinge in the north country and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Jimmer, -sb.^{1}). - -=gin,= to begin. Macbeth, i. 2. 25; Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. -556); _gan sort to this_, began to grow to this, grew to this; Peele (as -above). - -=gin,= a contrivance, ‘engine’. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, 1. 298. See -Dict. (s.v. Gin, 2). - -=ging,= a company of people. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 3; B. Jonson, -Alchemist, v. 1 (Lovewit); New Inn, i. 1 (Lovel). In prov. use, cp. the -Leicester saying, ‘The wull ging on ’em’ (i.e. the whole lot of them), -see EDD. (s.v. Gang, 12). ME. _ging_(_e_, a company, a following, -retinue (Wars Alex., freq., see Glossarial Index); OE. _genge_, a -following (Chron. A.D. 1070). - -=ginglymus,= a joint. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). L. -_ginglymus_; Gk. γίγγλυμος, a joint (as of the elbow). - -†=ginimony.= Only in following passage, ‘Here is ginimony likewise -burned and pulverised, to be mingled with the juice of lemons, &c.’, -Westward Ho, i. 1 (Birdlime). Something used as a cosmetic. - -=ginniting,= a ‘jenneting’, an early apple. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1. See -Dict. (s.v. Jenneting). - -=gird,= to strike, smite, pierce; ‘When some sodain stitch girds me in -the side’, Bp. Hall, Medit. i, § 92; Palsgrave; _girt_, pp. smitten, -‘Through girt’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iv. 4. 112; _to gird forward_, to -rush forward, Gosson, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, 58). ME. _gird_, to -strike, pierce (Wars Alex. 1219); to rush (id. 1243); see Glossarial -Index. See NED. (s.v. Gird, vb.^{2}). - -=girdle;= ‘Would my girdle may break if I do’, Match at Midnight, i. 1 -(Tim); ‘I pray God my girdle break’, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 171. The girdle -was used to keep up the breeches; see _breechgirdle_ in NED. It also -usually had the wearer’s purse hung at it, which would be lost if the -girdle broke. - -=girdle-stead,= place for the girdle, i.e. the waist. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, v. 538; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 2 (Flavia). - -=girl,= a roebuck in its second year. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. -143. ME. _gerle_, Book of St. Albans, fol. E 4, back. - -=girn,= a ‘grin’, a grim smile. Davenant, The Wits, iv (near the end). -See =gern.= - -=girt,= to gird, surround with a girdle. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 171; 2 Hen. -VI, i. 1. 65. - -=girt,= _pp._ of =gird,= q.v. - -=gist,= pl. _gists_, the stopping-places or stages in a monarch’s -progress; ‘Gists or Gests of the Queen’s Progress, i.e. a Bill or -Writing that contains the Names of the Towns or Houses where she intends -to lie upon the Way’, Phillips, Dict. (ed. 1706). OF. _giste_ (F. -_gîte_), resting- or stopping-place. See =gest.= - -=gite,= used by Peele for splendour, magnificence, Tale of Troy (ed. -Dyce, p. 558, col. 1); David and Bathsheba (p. 473, col. 2). Fairfax -uses the word _gite_ for some kind of apparel, ‘Phœbus . . . dond a gite -in deepest purple dide’, tr. of Tasso, xiii. 54. 245. ME. _gyte_, a -shirt or mantle (?) (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3954); OF. _guite_ (Godefroy). - -=giusts,= ‘justs’, tournaments. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 39. - -=give on,= to advance; ‘And eager flames give on’, Dryden, Annus -Mirabilis, st. 280; ‘The enemy gives on, by fury led’, Dryden, Indian -Emperor, ii. 3; ‘Where he gives on’, Waller, Instructions to a Painter, -213. - -=given,= _pp._ with an adverb, affected, disposed, inclined; ‘cardinally -given’, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 81; ‘lewdly given’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 469; -virtuously given’, id., iii. 3. 16; ‘well given’, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 72; -‘cannibally given’, Coriolanus, iv. 5. 200. - -=glade:= phr. _to go to glade_, to set; said of the sun. Puttenham, Eng. -Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11, p. 116; ‘The sunne was gone to glade’, Udall, tr. -of Erasmus, Paraphr. on Matt. viii. 18. The phrase is cited as in use in -Ireland; see EDD. (s.v. Glade). ME. ‘þe sonne ȝede to glade’ (Trevisa, -tr. Higden, v. 189). Cp. Norw. dial. _glada_, to go down, to set (of the -sun); see Aasen. - -=glaire, glayre,= the white of an egg; any viscid or slimy substance. -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 25. Hence _glaired_, smeared, Marston, Sat. iii. -32. ME. _gleyre_, ‘glarea’ (Prompt. EETS. 193); OF. _glaire_, the white -of an egg (Hatzfeld). See =glere.= - -=glaster,= to bawl. Douglas, Aeneis, viii, Prol. 47. ‘To glaister’ -occurs in Scottish poetry, meaning to bawl or bark, also, to babble, to -talk indistinctly (EDD.). - -=glastynge,= barking like a dog, howling. Morte Arthur, leaf 251. 24; -bk. x, c. 53. For _glatising_, cp. OF. _glatisant_, pres. pt. of -_glatir_, to cry aloud, howl (Ch. Rol. 3527). - -=glaver,= to flatter, wheedle. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); -Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 198. ‘To glaver’ is in prov. use in the north -country down to Shropsh. and Bedfordsh., meaning ‘to flatter, wheedle, -talk endearingly to’, see EDD. (s.v. Glaver, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _glavir_, -chattering (Wars Alex. 5504). - -=glaymy,= sticky, slimy. Skelton, Ag. Garnesche, iii. 168. ME. _gleymy_ -(Trevisa), see NED. (s.v. Gleimy); _gleyme_, ‘gluten’, _gleymows_, -‘limosus’ (Prompt. 192, 193). - -=glaze,= to make to shine like glass. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. -2. Hence, _Glaze-worm_, a glow-worm, Lyly, Euphues, 91. An E. Anglian -word (EDD.). ME. _glasyn_, ‘vitrio’ (Prompt. EETS). - -=glaze,= to stare, gaze intently. Jul. Caes. i. 3. 21. Still in use in -Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). Cp. G. dial. (Alsace) _gläse_, ‘stieren, -scharf u. feurig sehen, sauer sehen’ (Martin-Lienhart). - -=glaziers,= eyes; a cant term. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor), -Harman, Caveat, p. 82; ‘Toure out [look out] with your glaziers’, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=glee:= in phr. _gold and glee_; ‘Not for gold nor glee will I abyde By -you’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32. Perhaps _glee_ in this phr. refers to the -bright colour of gold; see NED. - -=gleeke,= a game at cards, played by three persons. B. Jonson, Devil an -Ass, v. 2; a set of three court cards of the same rank in one hand -(NED.); hence, a set of three, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth). -OF. _glic_ (_ghelicque_). Probably adopted fr. Du. _gelyk_, ‘like’ -(Sewel); cp. G. _gleich_. - -=gleering,= casting sly, cunning glances; ‘That glering Foxe’, Tyndale, -on Matt. vi. 19 (Works, ed. 1572, p. 231); ‘Such a gleering eye’, Return -from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Furor). - -=glent,= glowing, bright; ‘Her eyen glent’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 993. - -=glent,= a slip, a fall. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1687. - -=glere,= the white of an egg; a similar slimy substance; ‘This slimy -glere’, Mirror for Mag., Morindus, st. 1 and st. 15. See =glaire.= - -=glib,= to geld. Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 149; Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 -(2 Soldier). See =lib.= - -=glibbery,= slippery, smooth, soft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 -(Crispinus); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 4 (Aneleutherus). A -Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Glib, adj. 1 (4)), Du. _glibberig_, -slippery (Sewel). - -=glidder,= to cover with a smooth glaze. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 -(Wit). In use in Devon and Cornwall (EDD.). - -=glimpse, glimse,= to shine faintly, to glimmer. Surrey, The Forsaken -Lover, 5, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 23; to appear faintly, Drayton, Barons’ -Wars, bk. v, st. 45; to dawn; P. Fletcher, Purple Island, bk. xii, st. -46. Cp. the Devon expression for twilight, ‘The dimmet or glimpse of the -evening’ (EDD.). - -=glint,= slippery; ‘The stones be full glint’, Skelton, Garl. of -Laurell, 572. Cp. Swed. dial. _glinta_, to slip on ice (Rietz). - -=gloat, glote,= to look askance, to look furtively. Gascoigne, Complaint -of Philomene (ed. Arber, p. 96); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 -(Chilax); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 150. See NED. - -=glode,= _pt. t._, glided. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 23. ME. _glood_, -glided, went quickly (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2094); OE. _glād_, pt. t. of -_glīdan_. - -=glomming,= ‘glumming’, sullenness. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1 (end); -‘I glome, I loke under the browes or make a louryng countenance’, -Palsgrave. - -=glooming,= gloomy, dark, dismal. Romeo, v. 3. 305. - -=glore,= to glow, to shine; ‘The gloring light’, Return from Parnassus, -i. 1 (p. 8). Norw. dial. _glora_, to shine, to sparkle (Aasen); also -Swed. dial. (Rietz). - -=glorious,= vainglorious, boastful. Bacon, Essay 34 (near end); Beaumont -and Fl., Thierry, ii. 1 (Thierry). L. _gloriosus_, vainglorious. - -=glory,= to glorify, to honour, to adorn, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 16; -‘The troop that gloried Venus at her wedding-day’, Greene and Lodge, -Looking Glasse, i. 1. 108. - -=glote;= see =gloat.= - -=gnarl,= to snarl. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 192; to grumble, complain, -‘Gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite’, Richard II, i. 3. 292. Cp. -north Lincoln dialect, ‘She’s alust a gnarlin’ at me aboot sumthing’ -(EDD.). - -=gnarre,= to snarl, growl. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 34. In prov. use (EDD.). -_Gnarren_ is found in many Low German dialects, see Dähnert and the -Bremen Wtb. (EDD.). - -=gnast,= to gnash the teeth. Morte Arthur, leaf 103, back, 16; bk. vi, -c. 15; ‘I gnaste with the tethe’, Palsgrave. ME. _gnastyn_, ‘fremo, -strideo’ (Prompt. EETS. 207, see note, no. 946). - -=gnathonical,= resembling Gnatho, a parasite or sycophant in Terence. -Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 317 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1). - -=gnoff, gnuff,= a churl, boor, lout; ‘The chubbyshe gnof’, Drant, tr. of -Horace, Sat. i. 1; _gnuffe_, Turbervile, A Mirror of the Fall of Pride, -st. 5. ME. _gnof_, a churl (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3188). Cp. Low G. -_gnuffig_, _knuffig_, rough, coarse, unmannerly (Koolman). So NED. - -=go to pot;= see =pot.= - -=goawle,= gullet; ‘Their throtes haue puffed goawles’ (riming with -_joawles_, jowls); Golding, Metam. vi. 377 (L. inflataque colla -tumescunt). Norm. F. _goule_ (F. _gueule_), L. _gula_, the gullet. - -=gob,= a gobbet, piece, morsel. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79, l. 1. In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=go bet,= go quickly, hurry up. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 332. _Go bet_, -lit. go better, i.e. go quicker; hence, used like the modern ‘look -sharp’ or ‘hurry up’. Prob. orig. a hunting cry, as in Chaucer, Leg. -Good Women, Dido, 288. Once common. ME. _bet_, better (Chaucer, Tr. and -Cr. iii. 714), OE. _bet_. - -=go by, Jeronimo,= or =go by,= i.e. pass on, wait a little. A very -common quotation, used in ridicule, from Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12. -31. In the original used by Hieronimo, or Jeronimo, to himself. Finding -his application to the king improper at the moment, he says: ‘Hieronimo, -beware! _go by, go by_.’ See Tam. Shrew, Induction, i. 9. - -=go less,= to stake less, in a card game. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. -6; iv. 4; ‘We’ll have no going less’, Little French Lawyer, iii. 2 (La -Writ). - -=God before,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Hen. V, i. 2. -370. See =God to fore.= - -=god den,= good evening; _God you god den_, God (give) you good e’en, -Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 163; _God dig-you-den_, L. L. L. iv. 1. 42; _God -gi’ god-den_, Romeo, i. 2. 58; _god den_, Yorksh. Tragedy, ii. 120. -Still in use in Scotland and in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Good-den). - -=God to fore,= God going before, with God’s assistance. Kyd, Cornelia, -iii. 2. 69. ME. _God to-forn_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1049). See =God -before.= - -=god-phere,= a godfather. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 (Clench). Cp. -the Devon ‘godfer’ (= godfather), see EDD. (s.v. Gatfer). - -=gofe,= the quantity of corn or hay laid up in one bay or division of a -barn; a ‘goaf’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 20; ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche -as may lye bytwene two postes, otherwyse a baye’, Palsgrave. In E. -Anglia _goaf_ (_gofe_, _goff_) is used for the bay of a barn, and for -the corn or hay laid up in the bay, see EDD. (s.v. Goaf, sb.^{1} 1 and -4). ME. _golf_ of corne, ‘archonium’ (Prompt. EETS. 195, see note, no. -893); Icel. _gōlf_, a floor, apartment, cp. Dan. _gulv_, a bay of a -barn. See =gove, gulfe.= - -=goggle, gogle,= to roll one’s eyes; ‘He gogled his eyesight’, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 459; to stare, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 120. - -=gold,= marigold; corn marigold; _golds_, pl., corn marigold, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 20. 25; _gouldes_, id. § 20. 25; _gooldes_, -Spenser, Colin Clout, 341. ME. _golde_, marigold (Chaucer, C. T. A. -1929; _goolde_, ‘solsequium, elitropium’ (Prompt. EETS. see note, no. -892); _golde_, the sunflower (Gower, C. A. v. 6780). See Napier’s Old -English Glosses, 26. 36 (note). OE. _golde_, ‘solsequia’ (Voc. 301. 6). - -=gold-end man,= a man who buys odds and ends of gold and silver. B. -Jonson, ii. 1 (Dol); Eastward Ho, v. 1 (Gertrude). - -=goldfinch,= a piece of gold, piece of money. (Cant.) Middleton, Blurt, -Mr. Constable, iv. 1. 9. [Ainsworth, Rookwood, II, ii (EDD.).] - -=gold-finder,= a jocular term for a cleanser of cesspools. Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto). Cp. _gold-digger_, a ‘jakesman’, and -_gold-dust_, ordure, Warwickshire words, see EDD. (s.v. Gold, 1 (1 and -2)). - -=gold-weights,= small weights, for weighing small portions of gold. -Hence, _to the gold-weights_ (weighed even down to grains, even in small -particulars), B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). See =caract.= - -=golilla,= a kind of starched collar. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, -iv. 1 (Monsieur); see Stanford. Span. _golilla_, ‘a little Band worn in -Spain, starch’d stiff, and sticking out under the Chin like a Ruff’ -(Stevens); _gola_, the gullet, L. _gula_. - -=golls,= hands. (Cant.) Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 6 (Uberto); -Woman-hater, v. 5 (2nd Lady); Tourneur, Revengers’ Tragedy, v. 1 -(Vindici). Still in use in Essex (EDD.). - -=golpol,= prob. for _gold-poll_ (cp. _goldilocks_); a term of endearment -for a child. Jacob and Esau, v. 10 (Esau). - -=gomme,= a god-mother; ‘_Commere_ . . . a gomme’, Cotgrave; ‘A scornful -Gom’, Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Ricardo). ME. _gome_, ‘a godmoder’ -(Cath. Angl. 161). - -=gong,= ‘latrina’. Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, 2nd Song, st. 7; ‘Gonge, a -draught, _ortrait_’, Palsgrave; ‘Gonge, _forica_’, Levins, Manipulus. -ME. _gonge_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 885); OE. _gong_ (_gang_), ‘secessus’ -(Ælfric Gl.). - -=good cheap,= cheap. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), (ed. Dyce, p. 42); -Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 125. ME. _good chep_(_e_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -iii. 641). Cp. F. _à bon marché_. See Dict. (s.v. Cheap). - -=good fellow,= a thief. (Cant.) Massinger, Guardian, v. 4 (2 Bandit); -Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre, Host). - -=good year=(=s,= used as a meaningless expletive in the exclamation, -‘What the good-yere’ (good-year). Merry Wives, i. 4. 129; Much Ado, i. -3. 1; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 64 and 191. Cp. the Northampton expression, -‘What the goodgers be that?’, and the Devon sentence, ‘Our vokes wonder -what the goodgers a come o’ me’, see EDD. Low G. (Pomeranian dialect) -‘_Wat to ’m goden Jaar?_, sagt man, wenn man sich über schlechte -Handlungen wundert’ (Dähnert). - -=goom,= a man. Grimald, Prayse of measurekepyng, 17, in Tottel’s Misc., -p. 109. ME. _gome_, a man (Wars Alex., see Glossarial Index); OE. -_guma_. - -=gords;= see =gourdes.= - -=gorebelly,= a fat paunch; a man having a fat paunch. North, tr. of -Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 7 (in Shak. Plut., p. 11, n. 4); hence -_gorbellied_, fat, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 93. - -=gorreau,= the yoke of draught animals. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246. -1. OF. _goherel_, _gorel_, _gorreau_, a yoke (Godefroy); _gorriau_, -‘collier de cheval’ (Didot); see Ducange (s.v. Gorgia, 2). - -=Gospel-tree.= ‘The boundaries of the township of Wolverhampton are in -many points marked out by what are called Gospel-trees, from the custom -of having the Gospel read under or near them by the clergyman attending -the parochial perambulations’, Shaw, Staffordsh., II, i. 165; ‘Dearest -bury me Under that Holy oke or Gospel-tree’, Herrick, Hesperides, To -Anthea. See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 109). - -=gossampine,= a cotton-like substance, made from the _Bombax -pentandrum_. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1377); p. 135, col. 1; -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xii, ch. 11. L. _gossympinus_, a cotton-tree -(Pliny). - -=gossander,= the ‘goosander’, _Mergus merganser_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 65. -With the suffix _-ander_ cp. _bergander_, an old name for the sheldrake, -and the ON. _önd_, pl. _ander_, a duck (NED.). - -=gossip,= a godparent. Two Gent. iii. 1. 269; Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 41. In -prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). See Dict. - -=gouland, gowland,= a yellow flower; a name given to various kinds of -_Ranunculus_, _Caltha_, and _Trollius_. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary -(Shepherd, 1. 6). ‘As yalla as a gollan’ is a common Northumberland -expression; see EDD. (s.v. Gowlan(d). - -=gourdes,= false dice, for gaming; ‘What false dise vse they? as dise -. . . of a vauntage, flattes, gourdes to chop and change whan they -lyste’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 54); spelt _gords_, Beaumont and -Fl., Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (E. Loveless). OF. _gourd_, ‘fourberie’ -(Godefroy). - -=gove,= to ‘goave’; to lay up corn in a ‘goaf’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. -10, 23. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Goave). ME. _golvyn_, -‘arconiso’ (Prompt. EETS. 207). Cp. Dan. _gulve_, to stack in the bay of -a barn. See =gofe.= - -=gow,= for _go we_, let us go; ‘Gow, wife, gow’, Three Lords and Three -Ladies, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 440; _gaw_, let’s be gone, Triumphs of -Love and Fortune, in the same, vi. 183. ‘Gow’ (‘let us go’) is still -common in the Lakeland, and in E. Anglia as an invitation to accompany -the speaker, see EDD. (s.v. Go, 2 (b)). ME. _gowe_ (P. Plowman, B, Prol. -226). - -=gowked,= stupefied. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Keep). Cp. -‘gowk’, the north-country word for the cuckoo; applied _fig._ to a fool, -simpleton, a clumsy, awkward fellow (EDD.). ME. _goke_, ‘cuculus’ (Cath. -Angl.), Icel. _gaukr_, cp. G. _gauch_. - -=gowles,= ‘gules’, red. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 286. 17. OF. _goules_ -(F. _gueules_). See Dict. (s.v. Gules). - -=gowndy,= (of the eyes) full of sore matter. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 34; -_gunny_, Meriton, Praise Ale, 263; Skinner, Etym. ME. _gownde_ off þe -eye, ‘albugo’ (Prompt. EETS. 197, see note, no. 905). OE. _gund_, matter -of a sore. - -=gownest,= for _gownist_, one who is entitled to wear a gown, a lawyer. -Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, ch. 27, st. 53. - -=grabble,= to grope after, to grapple with, to handle roughly. Dryden, -Prol. to Disappointment, 60; ‘He . . . keeps a-grabling and a-fumbling’ -(i.e. feeling with his hands), Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 99). In -prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). Du. _grabbelen_, to scramble, -or to catch that catch may (Hexham). - -=Gracious Street,= Gracechurch Street. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. -4 (Hodge); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Y. Chartley); Fair Maid -of the Exchange, i. 1 (Shaks. Soc. 29). Originally _Grass Church_, -‘Higher in Grasse Street is the Parish Church of St. Bennet, called -Grasse Church, of the herb market there kept’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, -80). - -=grail, grayle,= the ‘gradual’, an antiphon sung between the Epistle and -Gospel; when the deacon was ascending the step of the ambo or -reading-desk; ‘He shall syng the grayle’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 441. -ME. _grayle_, ‘gradale’ (Prompt.). OF. _graël_, Eccles. L. _gradale_, -_graduale_. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Gradual). - -=grain,= the dye made from the Scarlet Grain (Kermes); ‘The Scarlet -grain which commeth of the Ilex’, Holland, Pliny, i. 461; _to dye in -grain_, to dye in scarlet grain, also, in any fast or permanent colour, -hence, _in grain_, in permanent colour, Com. Errors, iii. 2. 108; -Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 255; _grain_, permanent colour, ‘All in a robe of -darkest grain’, Milton, Il Pens. 33. F. _graine_, ‘grain wherewith cloth -is died in grain’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. _grana_, ‘bacca cujusdam arboris’ -(Ducange). - - =grained,= ingrained, dyed in ‘grain’, Hamlet, iii. 4. 90. - -=grain,= a bough or branch. Bp. Hall, Sat. Defiance to Envie, 5; -_grains_, the prongs of a forked stick, fork, or fish-spear, ‘With three -graines like an ele speare’, Holland, Suetonius, 147; the lower limbs, -Drayton, Pol. i. 495. ‘Grain’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of -England and Scotland in many senses, esp. a branch or bough of a tree, -and the prong or tine of a fork, see EDD. (s.v. Grain, sb.^{1} 1 and 5). -Icel. _grein_, a branch of a tree, an arm of the sea. - - =grained staff,= a staff forked at the top, Fitzherbert, - Husbandry, § 41. 9. - -=graithe,= to prepare, array. Morte Arthur, leaf 86. 34; bk. v, c. 7. In -common prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England (EDD.). ME. -_graythe_, to prepare, get ready (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). Icel. -_greiða_. - -=grammates,= rudiments, first principles. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 3 -(Orgilus). Gk. γράμματα, the letters of the alphabet. - -=grandguard,= a piece of plate armour, covering the breast and left -shoulder, affixed to the breastplate by screws, and hooked on to the -helmet. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 72. - -=graner,= a ‘garner’, granary. Drayton, Pol. iii. 258. - -=grange,= a country-house; a lonely dwelling. Meas. iii. 1. 279; -Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Delavil). In various parts of England -the term ‘grange’ is used for a small mansion or farm-house, esp. one -standing by itself remote from other dwellings (EDD.). See Dict. - -†=gratuling,= congratulating; ‘His gratuling speech’, Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg). Only in this passage. OF. _gratuler_, L. -_gratulari_, to congratulate. - -=Grave,= a Count; a title. Used of Prince Maurice of Nassau; Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, i. 2 (Bobadilla); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2. Du. _Grave_, -an Earle or a Count (Hexham); cp. G. _Graf_. - -†=graved.= ‘O, that these gravèd hairs of mine were covered in the -clay!’, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. Perhaps a -misprint for _grayed_, become grey; see =graye.= - -=gravelled,= stranded; hence, brought to a stand, perplexed. As You Like -It, iv. 1. 74; North, tr. of Plutarch, Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., -p. 177, n. 1). - -=gray,= a badger; _grice of a gray_, lit. pig of a badger, cub of a -badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). Formerly in prov. use in -the north country, and in Wilts., Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. -Grey, sb.^{1} 6). ME. _grey_, ‘taxus’ (Prompt. 209, see Way’s note). - -=graye,= to become grey; ‘In learning Socrates lives, grayes and dyes’ -(Sylvester); see NED. (s.v. Grey, vb.). - -=grease;= see =greece.= - -=greave,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 42; vi. 2. 43; Drayton, -Pol. xiii. 116; ‘Greave or busshe, _boscaige_’, Palsgrave. ‘Greave’ -occurs in local names near Sheffield, and appears as a Lancashire word -in EDD. ME. _greve_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1507), OE. _grǣfa_, a bush -(Chron. 852). - -=grece,= a flight of stairs or steps; ‘The greece of the quire’, Bacon, -Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 162); _greese_, a single step or stair in a flight, -Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 67); _greise_, Two Noble -Kinsmen, ii. 1. 34; greese (grice), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 138; Timon, iv. -3. 16; Othello, i. 3. 200; ‘_Eschelette_, a small step or greece’, -Cotgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Grees). ME. _grees_, steps, stairs (Wyclif, -Acts xxi. 35). OF. _grés_, pl. of _gré_, ‘marche d’un escalier’ (La -Curne), L. _gradus_, a step. See =gressinges.= - -=gredaline;= see =gridelin.= - -=gree,= a step or degree in honour or rank. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, -215; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 175 (Orlando). _To win the gree_, to win -the highest degree, superiority, mastery, victory, Morte Arthur, bk. x, -ch. 21. See EDD. (s.v. Gree, sb.^{1}). ME. _gree_ (Rom. Rose, 2116), OF. -_gré_, ‘degré, rang’ (La Curne). - -=gree,= favour, goodwill. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; _in gree_, with -goodwill or favour, kindly, in good part: _to take in gree_, F. Q. v. 6. -21; _to receive in gree_, Gascoigne, Jocasta, iii. 1 (Manto). Cp. F. _en -gré_, in good part (Cotgr., s.v. Gré), L. _gratum_, a pleasant thing. - -=gree,= short for _agree_. Greene, Friar Bungay, ii. 3 (744), scene 6. -130 (W.); p. 162, col. 1 (D.); Daniel, Philotas, p. 195 (Nares); Sh. -Sonn. cxiv. - -=greece, herte of,= a hart of grease, a good fat hart, in prime -condition. Morte Arthur, leaf 283, back, 22; bk. x, c. 86. See =hart of -grease.= - -=green,= youthful, of tender age; ‘Green virginity’, Timon, iv. 1. 7; -raw, inexperienced, simple, ‘A green girl’, Hamlet, i. 3. 101; ‘green -minds’, Othello, ii. 1. 250; silly, ‘green songs’, Two Noble Kinsmen, -iv. 3. 61. - -=green gown;= to give a lass a green gown, to throw her down upon the -grass, so that the gown was stained. Greene, George-a-Greene, ii. 3 -(Jenkin); Middleton, Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Chough). - -=green lion,= a stage in the process of transmutation of metals. B. -Jonson, ii. 1 (Face). - -=Greensleeves, Lady Greensleeves,= the names of a once well-known ballad -and tune. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 64; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 4 -(Petruchio). See Roxburgh Ballads, vi. 398. - -=greete,= to weep, cry, lament, grieve, Spenser, Sheph. Kal., April, 1; -weeping and complaint, ib., August. In common prov. use in Scotland, -Ireland, and north of England including Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. -Greet, vb.^{1}). ME. _greten_, to weep (Wars Alex. 4370). OE. _grǣtan_ -(Anglian, _grētan_), to weep. - -=grement,= ‘agreement’. Mirror for Mag., Cade, st. 1. - -=gresco,= an old game at cards. Eastward Ho, iv. 1 [_or_ 2] -(Touchstone); see Nares; ‘Hazard or Gresco’ (Florio, s.v. Massáre). - -=gresle,= slender. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 27. OF. _gresle_ -(F. _grêle_); L. _gracilis_, slender. - -=gressinges,= steps, stairs; ‘There is another way to go doune, by -gressinges’, Latimer, 6 Sermon before King (ed. Arber, p. 170). Cp. EDD. -(s.v. Grissens). See =grece.= - -=grewnde,= a greyhound. Golding, Metam. i. 533; fol. 9, back (1603); -Harington, Ariosto, xxiv. 52; _grewhound_, Bellenden, Boece, I. xxxi -(NED.). ME. _gre-hownde_ (Prompt. Harl. MS.). Icel. _greyhundr_, also, -_grey_, a greyhound. See NED. (s.v. Greund). - -=grice,= a pig, esp. a young pig; ‘_Marcassin_, a young wild boar . . . -or grice’, Cotgrave; ‘Bring the Head of the Sow to the Tail of the -Grice’ (i.e. balance your Loss with your Gain), Kelly, Scot. Prov. 62. -Also, the young of a badger, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel) (see -=gray=). Still in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. -_gryse_, pygge, ‘porcellus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 916). Icel. -_grīss_, a young pig; so Norw. dial. _gris_ (Aasen). - -=grice;= see =grece.= - -=gride,= for _grided_, pp. of _gride_, to pierce. Drayton, Pol. xxii. -1491. - -=gridelin,= of a pale purple or violet colour; Dryden seems to say it -was a colour between white and green. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 343. -Spelt _gredaline_, The Parson’s Wedding, ii. 3 (Wanton). F. _gridelin_, -for _gris de lin_ (i.e. of the grey colour of flax), see Hatzfeld. - -=grill, gryll,= fierce. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 6. ME. _gril_, fierce -(Cursor M. 719); Low G. _grel_(_l_, angry (Koolman). - -†=grindle-tail,= a kind of dog. Only in Fletcher, Island Princess, v. 3 -(2 Townsman). Perhaps a misprint for _trindle-tail_ (_trundle-tail_). -See NED. - -=gripe,= a griffin; ‘Grypes make their nests of gold’, Lyly, Galathea, -ii. 3; a vulture, Lucrece, 543. OF. _grip_, griffin. See =gryphon.= - -=gripe’s egg,= a large egg supposed to be that of a ‘gripe’, hence, an -oval-shaped cup. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Cp. ME. _gripes -ey_ (Gower, C. A. i. 2545). - -=gripple,= greedy, grasping. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; vi. 4. 6; Drayton, -Pol. i. 106; xiii. 22. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). OE. _gripel_. - -=gris-amber,= ambergris or grey amber. Milton, P. R. ii. 344. See Dict. -(s.v. Amber). - -=grisping,= twilight; either morning or evening. Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 233). Cp. the phr. _in the gropsing of the evening_, in the dusk, -Records Quarter Sessions (ann. 1606); see EDD. - -=grissel, gristle,= a tender or delicate person; ‘She is but a gristle’, -Udall, Roister Doister, i 4. 24; ‘I love no grissels’, Lyly, Endimion, -v. 2 (Sir Tophas). See NED. (s.v. Gristle, 3). - -=groin,= the snout; hence, a contemptuous term for the face. Golding, -Metam. xiv. 292 (fol. 170); Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 34. ME. _groyn_, a -pig’s snout (Chaucer, C. T. I. 158). O. Prov. _gronh_, ‘groin, museau’ -(Levy). See =Groyne.= - -=groin,= to growl; ‘Beares that groynd’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27; -_groyning_, murmuring, Turnbull, Expos. James, 202 (NED). ME. _groynen_, -to murmur (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2460). OF. _grogner_, to grunt, L. -_grunnire_. - -=groom-porter,= an officer of the royal household (till the time of -George III); he was privileged to provide gaming-tables, cards, and -dice. B. Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); Dryden, Prol. to Don -Sebastian, l. 24. - -=grought,= growth, increase. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, x. 101; xxiii. -289. - -=ground,= the plain-song or melody on which a descant is raised; also, -the ground-bass. Richard III, iii. 7. 49; Edw. III, ii. 1. 122; ‘The -tenor-part, the treble, and the ground’, B. Jonson, Love’s Welcome at -Welbeck, 2 Chorus. - -=grout,= coarse porridge, made with whole meal. Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 28. Icel. _grautr_, porridge. - -=grout-head, growthead,= a blockhead, thickhead. Tusser, Husbandry (ed. -1878, 115); ‘Those Turbanto grout-heads’, Nashe, Lenten Stuffe, 39; ‘_Il -a une grosse teste_, he is a verie blockhead, grouthead, joulthead’, -Cotgrave; Urquhart’s Rabelais, I, xxv (Davies). ‘Grout-headed’ -(thick-headed) is known in Sussex (EDD.). - -=groutnoll,= a blockhead, thickhead, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. Burning -Pestle, ii. 3 (Wife). - -=growt,= great. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song). Du. -_groot_, great. - -=groyle,= to move, move forward; ‘He groyleth’ (L. _graditur_), -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 678. Hence, _groyl_, one who is ever on -the move, id., iv 179. F. _grouiller_, ‘to move, stir’ (Cotgr.). - -=Groyne, the,= name given by sailors to Corunna, the sea-port in Spain. -De Foe, Rob. Crusoe, I. xix. The name appears in the 14th cent., -‘Vocatur _Le Groyne_; est in mare ut rostrum porci’, Pol. Poems (Rolls -Ser. i. 112). See =groin.= - -=grubble,= to grope, feel; ‘Now, let me roll and grubble thee’ (spoken -of a lot which he has taken in his hand, before drawing it out), Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Antonio). - -=grudgins,= coarse meal; ‘_Annone_, meslin or grudgins, the corne -whereof browne bread is made for the meynie’, Cotgrave; Fletcher and -Rowley, Maid of Mill, iii. 3. 17. Formerly in prov. use in the Midlands -(EDD.). Cp. F. _grugeons_, lumps of crystalline sugar in brown sugar; in -Cotgrave ‘the smallest fruit on a tree’. See =gurgeons.= - -=grum,= surly, cross, ‘glum’. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Old -Bellair); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. 1 (Novel). In prov. use in many -parts of England, also in America (Franklin’s Autobiography, 51), see -Century Dict. and EDD. Norw. dial. _grum_, proud, haughty (Aasen), Dan. -_grum_, fierce, angry. - -†=grumbledory,= a grumbler, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 -(Carlo). - -=grunter,= a pig. Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). In common prov. use -in the north country (EDD.). - -=grunting-cheat,= a pig; lit. ‘a thing that grunts’; from _cheat_, a -cant word used in the general sense of ‘thing’. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, -v. 1 (Ferret); Harman, Caveat, p. 83; also _gruntling-cheat_, Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See =cheat.= - -=grutch,= to ‘grudge’, repine, murmur. Udall, Paraph. Erasmus, fo. -cccxlv; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 34; ‘I grutche, I repyne agaynst a thyng, -_Je grommelle_’, Palsgrave. A Lancashire and E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. -_grucche_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3863). OF. (Picard) _groucher_ (OF. -_grocer_), ‘murmurer’ (La Curne). See Moisy (s.v. Groucher). - -=gryphon,= a fabulous monster, a kind of lion with an eagle’s head; a -griffin. Milton, P. L. ii. 943; spelt _gryfon_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 8. -F. ‘_griffon_, a gripe or griffon’ (Cotgr.). - -=G-sol-re-ut,= in old music, the octave of the lower G or lowest note in -the old scale. It was denoted by the letter G, and sung to the syllable -_sol_ when it occurred in the second hexachord, which began with C; to -the syllable _re_ in the third hexachord, which began with F; and to the -syllable _ut_ when it began the fourth hexachord. Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, c. 11, p. 104. - -=guard,= an ornamental border or trimming on a garment. Much Ado, i. 1. -289. ‘The orig. meaning may have been that of a binding to keep the edge -of the cloth from fraying’, NED. - -=guarish,= to cure, heal. Spenser. F. Q. iii. 5. 41; iv. 3. 29. OF. -_guarir_, _garir_ (Gower, Mirour, 2278). O. Prov. _garir_, ‘guérir, -préserver, sauver’ (Levy). - -=gubbe,= a lump, quantity; ‘Some good gubbe of money’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Socrates, § 31; _gubs_, pl., ‘gubs of blood’, Phaer, tr. of -Aeneid, iii. 632 (Lat. _saniem_). - -=gudgeon,= a small fish, often used as bait for a larger one; phr. _to -swallow_ _a gudgeon_, to be caught, to be befooled, alluded to in -Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv (Mugeron). See EDD. - -=gue,= a rogue; also, a term of endearment. Given by Nares and NED. as -used by Richard Brathwaite in his _Honest Ghost_, in two passages, -first, of a sharper who had taken a purse, secondly, as a term of -familiar endearment, ‘I was her ingle, gue, her sparrow bill’, p. 139. -The word occurs in some copies of Webster, White Devil: ‘Pretious gue’, -iii. 3. 99 (Lodovico); ed. Dyce, p. 26. Nares supposes it to be the same -word as F. _gueux_, a beggar, a rogue, which conjecture NED. accepts. - -=guerie, guierie,= sudden passion; ‘Euery sodain guerie or pangue’, -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § 6; ‘This pangue or guierie of loue’, -id., Diogenes, § 112. Only occurs in Udall. See =gere= (2) and =gery.= - -=guerison,= cure, healing. Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 453, l. 13; i. -466. F. _guérison_; OF. _guarison_, _garison_ (Bartsch), Anglo-F. -_gariscun_ (Gower, Mirour, 420). See =guarish.= - -=guess;= see =gesse.= - -=guidon,= a flag or pennant, broad near the staff and forked or pointed -at the other end. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 251; Barons’ Wars, bk. ii, st. -24. F. _guidon_, ‘a standard, ensign, or banner under which a troop of -men at arms do serve; also he that bears it’ (Cotgr.); _guydon_ -(Rabelais). O. Prov. _guidon_, _guizon_, étendard (Levy); Ital. -‘_guidóne_, a guidon, a banner or cornet’ (Florio). - -=guie, guy,= to guide, lead; also _gye_, Palsgrave; ‘He guies’, Fairfax, -tr. of Tasso, i. 49; _guide_ (for _guyed_), pt. t., id., i. 63. ME. -_gye_, to guide (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1950); Anglo-F. _guïer_ (Ch. Rol.). - -=guisarme,= a kind of battle-axe or halberd. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -202, back, 23, 29. Norm. F. _guisarme_, ‘sorte d’arme, hache ou -demi-pique’ (Didot). See NED. (s.v. Gisarme). - -=guitonen,= a lazy beggar. Middleton, Game at Chess, i. 1 (B. Knight). -Span. _guiton_, ‘a lazy Beggar, that goes about in the Habit of a -Pilgrim, only to live idle’ (Stevens). - -=guives,= fetters, ‘gyves’. Lord Cromwell, ii. 2. 3. Anglo-F. _guives_, -_gyves_ (French Chron., London, ed. Camden, 89). - -=gulch,= to swallow or devour greedily; ‘_Ingorgare_, to engurgle, . . . -to gulch’ (Florio); _gulch_, a glutton or drunkard, B. Jonson, -Poetaster, iii. 4; Brewer, Lingua, v. 16; ‘Engorgeur, a glutton, gulch’, -Cotgrave. The verb ‘to gulch’ is in prov. use in various parts of -England from Yorkshire to Cornwall (EDD.). ME. _gulchen_ (Ancren Riwle, -240). - -=gule,= to redden, to dye red. Heywood, Iron Age, Pt. II, vol. iii, p. -357. See Dict. (s.v. Gules). - -=gulfe,= a ‘goaf’, a quantity of hay or corn laid up in a barn. Golding, -Metam. vi. 456 (ed. 1603, fol. 73); ‘Goulfe of corne, so moche as may -lye bytwene two postes, otherwise a baye’, Palsgrave. See =gofe.= - -=gull,= to swallow, guzzle; ‘I gulle in drinke, as great drinkers do, -_je engoule_’, Palsgrave; Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 19; Chapman, -tr. of Iliad, xxi. 132. Du. _gullen_, ‘to swallow or devoure’ (Hexham). - -=gull,= a breach made by the force of a torrent, a fissure, chasm. -Golding, Metam. ix. 106; to sweep away by force of running water, ‘And -hilles by force of gulling oft have into sea been worne’, id., xv. 267. -An E. Anglian word (EDD.). - -=gummed;= see =fret.= - -=gundolet,= for _gondolet_, a small gondola. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, -iii. 2 (Piero). It occurs twice in this scene. - -=gunny;= see =gowndy.= - -=gun-hole groat,= some kind of groat or coin, that seems to have been -prized. The meaning of the epithet is unknown. ‘For gunne-hole grotes -the countrie clowne doth care’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 27; -Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 66. - -=gunstone,= a stone used for the shot of a cannon or gun. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 10. 19; Hen. V, i. 2. 282; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5. 2. - -=gup, guep,= an exclamation of impatience; get along!; ‘Gup! morell, -gup!’, Skelton (ed. Dyce, i. 24). See =marry gip.= - -=gurgeons,= coarse refuse from flour; ‘The bran usuallie called gurgeons -or pollard’, Harrison, Descr. England, ii. 6 (ed. Furnivall, 154); -‘Gurgions of meal, _cibarium secundarium_’, Coles, Dict., 1679. In prov. -use in the S. Midlands and south-west counties (EDD.). See =grudgins.= - -=gutter,= of a stag’s horn; see =antlier.= - -=Guttide,= Shrovetide, also, Shrove Tuesday. Middleton, Family of Love, -iv. 1 (Mis. P.). ‘Guttit’ is in common prov. use in Cheshire for -Shrovetide; _goodit_ in Staffordshire. Orig. _good tide_, see EDD. (s.v. -Gooddit). - -=guzzle,= a gutter, drain; ‘a narow ditch’, Marston, Scourge of -Villainy, Sat. vii. 39; ‘A filthy stinking guzzle or ditch’, Whately, -Bride Bush, 114 (Cent. Dict.). In prov. use in the Midlands, also in -Sussex and Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Guzzle, sb.^{1} 1). - -=gymnosophist,= one of a sect of Hindu philosophers of ascetic habits. -B. Jonson, Fortunate Isles (Merefool); Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 -(Borachia); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 196. Gk. Γυμνοσοφισταί, the naked -philosophers of India (Aristotle). - - - - - H - - -=ha and ree,= words of command to a horse to direct it. Heywood, 1 Edw. -IV (Hobs) (vol. i. 44); _hey and ree_, Micro-Cynicon, Halliwell (s.v. -Ree). In prov. use, ree is an exclamation made by the carter to bid the -leading horse of a team to turn or bear to the right, see EDD. (s.v. -Rec, int., also, Hay-ree). In the north country the carters use the -phrase _neither heck nor ree_, neither left nor right: ‘He’ll neither -heck nor ree’, i.e. he’ll not obey the word of command, he’s quite -unmanageable, see EDD. (s.v. Heck, int.). See =hay-ree= and =hayte and -ree,= also =gee and ree.= - -=hab,= to have; _nab_, not to have; hence, phr. _by habs and by nabs_, -at random; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 2 (Soto). In Somerset and Devon -_hab or nab_, by hook or by crook: ‘I’ll ab’m—hab or nab’, I’ll have -them anyhow (EDD.). See =hab-nab.= - -=haberdash,= small wares. Spelt _haburdashe_, Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1295. ‘Ther haberdashe, Ther pylde pedlarye’, Papist. Exhort. (Nares). -Still in use in Aberdeen (EDD.). Anglo-F. _hapertas_, the name of a -fabric (Rough List). See Dict. (s.v. Haberdasher). - -=habiliment,= outfit, accoutrement, attire. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 30; -Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura). See =abiliments.= - -=habilitate,= legally qualified. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 15). -Med. Lat. _habilitare_, ‘idoneum, habilem reddere; informare, -instituere’ (Ducange). - -=habilitation,= endowment with ability or fitness; qualification, -training. Bacon, Essay 29, § 8. - -=habilitie,= ability. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 2. - -=hable, habile,= ‘able’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 19. See Dict. (s.v. -Able). - -=hab-nab,= have or not have, hit or miss; a phrase signifying the taking -one’s chance; ‘Hab-nab’s good’, I take my chance, Ford, Lady’s Trial, -ii. 1 (Fulgoso); at random, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 990. See EDD. (s.v. -Hab, adv., 1). See =hab.= - -=hache,= axe, hatchet. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2. F. -_hache_, an axe, O. Prov. _apcha_ (Levy); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. -_heppa_ (for *_happi̯a_), a sickle; see Schade (s.v. Happâ). - -=hackle,= to hack about, to mangle. _Hackled_, pp.; North, tr. of -Plutarch, J. Caesar, § 44 (in Shak. Plut., p. 101, n. 1). - -=hackster, haxter,= a hacker, one who hacks; hence, a cut-throat, bravo, -bully. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Monsieur); Hall, Satires, iv. 4. -60; _haxter_, Lady Alimony, i. 2 (Messenger). - -=hacqueton;= see =haqueton.= - -=had I wist,= if I had but known. A common exclamation of one who -repents too late. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 893; London Prodigal, -iii. 1. 49; Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Nicholas). ME. _hadde I wist_: ‘Upon -his fortune and his grace Comth “Hadde I wist” ful ofte a place’, Gower -(C. A. i. 1888). - -=hade,= a strip of land left unploughed as a boundary line and means of -access between two ploughed portions of a field. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -§ 6; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 222 and 400. In Corpus Coll., Oxford, there is -a Map (date 1615) in which there is a description of certain arable -lands having ‘hades’ of meadow and grass ground lying in the south field -of Eynsham. See EDD. (s.v. Hade, sb.^{1}). - -=hæmeræ,= for =hemeræ,= pl., ephemera, ephemeral flies, day-flies. -Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1482); scene 10. 124 (W.); p. 171, col. 2 -(D.). For _ephemera_, Med. L. _ephemera_, Gk. ἐφήμερα, neut. pl. of -ἐφήμερος, lasting or living but a day. - -=hæmony.= Name given by Milton to an imaginary plant having supernatural -virtues. Milton, Comus, 638. Gk. αἱμώνιος, blood-red (probably with a -theological allusion). - -=haft,= to use shifts, haggle. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1698; to cheat, -id., Bowge of Courte, 521; hence _hafter_, a cheat, thief; id., Bowge of -Courte, 138. Cp. Yorkshire word ‘heft’ in the sense of deceit, -dissimulation, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{3}). - -=hafter,= a wrangler; ‘_Vitilitigator_, an hafter, a wrangler, a -quarreller’, Gouldman, Dict., 1678; so Baret, 1580. - -=hag,= to trouble as the nightmare. Drayton, Heroic Ep. (Wks. ed. 1748, -p. 108); spelt _haggue_, to vex, worry. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § -95. - -=haggard,= a wild female hawk, caught when in her adult plumage. Much -Ado, iii. 1. 36; wild, intractable, inexperienced, B. Jonson, Magn. -Lady, iii. 3 (Compass); Othello, iii. 3. 260; ‘I teach my haggard and -unreclaimed Reason to stoop unto the lure of Faith’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Med. (ed. Greenhill, 19). F. _hagard_, ‘hagard, wild, unsociable’ -(Cotgr.). - -=hailse,= to salute, greet; ‘I haylse or greete’, Palsgrave; ‘Wee hadde -haylsed eche other’, Robinson, tr. of Utopia (ed. Arber, p. 30). Icel. -_heilsa_, to salute. - -=haine, hayne,= a miser, a penurious person, a mean wretch. Skelton, -Bowge of Courte, 327; Udall, tr. Apoph., Aristippus, § 22, Diogenes, § -106; Levins, Manipulus, 200; hence, _haynyarde_, a mean wretch, Skelton, -Magnyfycence, 1748. ME. _heyne_, a wretch (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1319). - -=hair:= in phr. _against the hair_, against the grain, contrary to -nature. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 (end); Mayor of -Queenborough, iii. 2 (1 Lady); Merry Wives, ii. 3. 42. - -=hala;= see =heloe.= - -=hale, hall,= a place roofed over, a pavilion, tent, booth; ‘Hall, a -long tent in a felde, _tente_’, Palsgrave; ‘He would set up his hals and -tentes’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 5 (in Shak. Plut., p. -161, n. 8). ME. _hale_, ‘papilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 211, see note, no. -961). OF. _hale_ (F. _halle_), a covered market-place. - -=hale and ho,= pull and cry ho!, a cry of sailors at work. Morte Arthur, -leaf 118, back, 13; bk. vii, c. 15. ME. _halyn_ or drawyn, ‘traho’ -(Prompt. EETS. 230). - -=half-acre,= a small piece of ground, without reference to the exact -size of the field; ‘Tom Tankard’s cow . . . flinging about his -halfe-aker’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (see note on P. Plowman, C. -ix. 2, p. 156). At Yarnton, near Oxford, a ‘half-acre’, pronounced -_habaker_, is a term employed for half a lot of an allotment, see EDD. -(s.v. Half, 6 (1)). - -=halfendeale,= half, half-part. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 53. A Somerset -word (EDD.). ME. _halvendel_, the half part of a thing (Chaucer, Tr. and -Cr. v. 335). OE. _healfan dǣl_, the half ‘deal’ or part. - -=half-pace;= see =halpace.= - -=halidom:= orig. the holy relics upon which oaths were sworn; the -ancient formula being ‘as helpe me God and halidome’; altered later to -‘by my halidome’, which was subsequently used by itself as a weak -asseveration. Taming Shrew, v. 2. 100; Hen. VIII, v. 1. 117. In old -edds. of Shaks. we find _holydam_(_e_ due to association with _dame_, -the phrase being popularly taken as equivalent to ‘By our Lady’; see -NED. OE. _hāligdōm_, holiness, a holy place, a holy relic. - -=Hallowmas,= the feast of All Hallows, or All Saints, Nov. 1. Spelt -_Hallomas_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 1 (_Hallontide_, id., § 21. 1); -Meas. for Meas. ii. 1. 128; Richard II, v. 1. 80. In prov. use in -Scotland; also in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Hallow (7)). - -=halpace,= a high step or raised floor. Hall, Chron. (ed. 1809, p. 606); -‘On the altar an halpas . . . and on the halpas stood twelve images’, -Holinshed, Chron. iii. 857; also, through popular etymology _half-pace_, -the uppermost step before the choir of a church, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, 98). F. (16th cent.) _hault pas_ (_haut pas_), high step. - -=halse, haulse,= to embrace. Pt. t. _haulst_, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 49; -‘I halse one, I take hym aboute the necke, _je accolle_’, Palsgrave. See -EDD. (s.v. Halse, vb. 9). ME. _halsyn_, ‘amplector’ (Prompt.), deriv. of -_hals_, the neck, OE. _heals_ (_hals_). See =hause.= - -=haltersack,= a gallows-bird, rascal. Beaumont and Fl., King and No -King, ii. 2 (1 Cit. Wife); Knt. of B. Pestle, i. 3 (Citizen). Gascoigne, -Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio). See Nares. - -=hame,= a haulm, stalk; straw. Golding, Metam. i. 492; fol. 9 (1603); -also _hawme_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 15. In gen. prov. use in numerous -forms, see EDD. (s.v. Haulm). ME. _halme_, or stobyl, ‘stipula’ (Prompt. -EETS. 212). OE. _healm_ (Anglian _halm_). - -=hamper up,= to fasten up, make fast. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 3 (750); -scene 6. 136 (W.); p. 162, col. 2 (D.). - -=han,= _pres. pl._ have. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. This plural form -is still in prov. use from Yorkshire to Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. -Have). ME. _han_: ‘Thei han Moyses and the prophetis’ (Wyclif, Luke xvi. -29); _hafen_ (Lamb. Hom. 59). OE. _habben_ (_hæbben_), pres. pl. subj. -(Wright, OE. Gram., § 538). - -=hand:= phr. _to hand with_, to go hand in hand with, to concur; ‘Let -but my power and means hand with my will’, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 1 -(Grimaldi). - -=hand over head,= inconsiderately, recklessly, hastily, -indiscriminately; ‘They ran in amongst them hand over head’, North, tr. -of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 28 (in Shak. Plut., p. 141, n. 3); cp. Warner, -Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 51, st. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. -Hand, 2 (8)). - -=hands:= phr. _to shake hands with_, to bid farewell to, to say good-bye -to; ‘I have shaken hands with delight’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. (ed. -Greenhill, 66); ‘To shake hands with labour for ever’, Harrison in -Holinshed (ed. 1807, i. 314). [Cp. Charles Lamb in Elia, Early Rising, -‘He has shaken hands with the world’s business, has done with it.’] - -=handsel, hansel,= a gift or present, as an omen of good luck or an -expression of good wishes. Dunbar, New Year’s Gift, iii. As _vb._, to -use for the first time, ‘My lady . . . is so ravished with desire to -hansel her new coach’, Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (Touchstone). The verb ‘to -hansel’, meaning ‘to use a thing for the first time’ is very common in -prov. use in Scotland, and in various parts of England fr. -Northumberland to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Handsel, vb. 12). - -=handwolf,= a tame wolf, wolf brought up by hand. Beaumont and Fl., -Maid’s Tragedy, iv. 1 (Amintor). - -=handydandy,= a children’s game, in which one child conceals something -between the hands, and the other guesses in which hand it is. ‘Handy -dandy, prickly prandy, which hand will you have?’ Chapman, Blind Beggar, -p. 6. See EDD. (s.v. Handy). - -=hane,= a ‘_khan_’, an Eastern inn (unfurnished); a caravanserai; -‘_Hanes_ to entertain travellers’; Howell, Foreign Travell, Appendix, p. -84; ‘_Hanes_ for the relief of Travellers’, Sandys, Travels, p. 57 -(Nares). See =cane.= - -=hang-by,= a hanger-on, a dependant. Gosson, School of Abuse, ed. Arber, -p. 40; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 2 (Orleans). In prov. -use in W. Yorks.; see EDD. (s.v. Hang, vb. 1 (5)). - -=hanger,= a loop or strap or a sword-belt from which the sword was hung. -Hamlet, i. 2. 157; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew). - -=hank,= a hold, a power of check or restraint; ‘I have a hank upon you’, -Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Beaugard). In prov. use in various parts -of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hank, sb.^{1} 7). - -=Hans-in-kelder,= a familiar term for an unborn infant. Dryden, Wild -Gallant, v. 2; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, v. 6 (Sir Simon); Marvell, The -Character of Holland, 66. See Stanford. Dutch _Hans in Kelder_, lit. -‘Jack in Cellar’, an unborn child; cp. the Swabian toast _Hänschen im -Keller soll leben_, ‘dies sagt man bei dem Gesundheit-trinken auf eine -schwangere Frau’ (Birlinger); Bremen dial. _Hänsken im Keller_ (Wtb.). - -=happily,= perhaps, possibly. Titus Andron. iv. 3. 8; Hamlet, i. 1. 134; -ii. 2. 402. - -=haqueton, hacqueton,= a stuffed jacket worn under armour. Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 8. 38. ME. _aketoun_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2050); OF. _auqueton_, -_alquetun_, O. Prov. _alcoton_, ‘hoqueton, casaque rembourrée, -originairement en coton’ (Levy); Span. _algodon_, Port. _algodão_, -cotton, Arab, _al-qotun_, see Dozy, Glossaire, 127. - -=haras, harres,= a stud of horses; troop, collection. Skelton, Against -Garnesche, ed. Dyce, i. 128; l. 77. OF. _haras_, a stud of horses -(Hatzfeld); Med. L. _haracium_, ‘armentum equorum et jumentorum’ -(Ducange). Arab. _faras_, horse; cp. O. Span. _alfaras_, ‘cavallo -generoso’; see Dozy, 108. - -=harass,= harassment, devastation. Milton, Samson, 257. - -=harborough,= ‘harbour’, shelter. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19; Tanered -and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 85. See -=herberow.= - -=harborowe,= to lodge; to track a stag to his harbour or covert. A -hunting term. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 6; _harbord_, pp. -lodged, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311, l. 6. See Dict. -(s.v. Harbour). - -=hardel,= a hurdle; ‘Hardels made of stickes’, Golding, Metam. i. 122; -fol. 2, bk. (1603); a kind of frame or sledge on which traitors used to -be drawn through the streets to execution, ‘Upon an hardle or sled’, -Harrison, Desc. England, ii. 11 (ed. Furnivall, 222). - -=hardocks,= some kind of wild flowers. In King Lear, iv. 4. 4 (ed. -1623), Lear is ‘Crown’d . . . with Hardokes, Hemlocke, Nettles, Cuckoo -flowres, Darnell, and all the idle weedes that grow In our sustaining -Corne.’ As _Hardokes_ are not known, I suggest that the right word is -_Hawdods_; indeed, the quartos have _hordocks_. The _hawdod_ (described -by Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 1534) is the beautiful blue cornflower, the -most showy and attractive of all the flowers that grow in the corn; see -EDD. The prefix _haw_ means ‘blue’, see NED.; from OE. _hǣwe_, blue. - -=hare:= phr. _there goeth the hare_, ‘That’s the direction in which the -hare goes, that is the way to follow up’, New Custom, ii. 3 (Perverse -Doctrine); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 39; ‘_Hic labor, hoc opus est_, -there goeth the hare away’, Stubbes, School of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 70). - -=hare,= to frighten, scare. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Dame -Turfe). In prov. use in Oxfordshire and the south country, see EDD. -(s.v. Hare, vb.). - -†=harlock,= an unknown flower; perhaps for _hawdod_, the blue -cornflower. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 34. -_Harlocks_ is a conjectural emendation for _hardokes_ in King Lear, iv. -4. 4. See =hardocks.= - -=harlot,= a vagabond, rascal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 74. 4; Coriol. iii. -2. 112. ME. _harlot_, a person of low birth, a ribald, rogue, rascal -(Chaucer), see Dict. M. and S.; OF. _herlot_, _arlot_, ribaud -(Godefroy); O. Prov. _arlot_, ‘gueux, ribaud’ (Levy). See Dict. - -=harman-beck,= a constable. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 -(Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =hartmans.= - -=harness,= the defensive or body armour of a man-at-arms; the defensive -equipment of a horseman. Macbeth, v. 5. 52; BIBLE, 1 Kings xx. 11; xxii. -34; ‘I can remember that I buckled his [the King’s] harness when he went -into Blackheath field’, Latimer, Sermon, p. 101; see Bible Word-Book. -ME. _harneys_, armour (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1006). See Dict. - -=harnest,= harnessed, armed. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. - -=harpè,= a falchion, scimitar. Heywood, Silver Age, A. i (Perseus); vol. -iii, p. 92. From Ovid, Met. v. 69, 176. L. _harpē_; Gk. ἅρπη, a sickle, -a scimitar. - -=harper, harp-shilling,= a coin having on the reverse an Irish harp, and -worth only 9_d._ in English money; ‘Your shilling proved but a harper’, -Heywood, Fair Maid of the Exchange (Cripple), vol. i, p. 26; ‘A plain -harp-shilling’, Greene, King James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). And see Webster, -Sir T. Wyatt, ed. Dyce, p. 197, col. 1 (bottom). - -=harre,= a hinge, of a door or gate; ‘Chardonnerau, a harre of a doore’, -Cotgrave; _out of harre_, off its hinge, out of joint, Skelton. -Magnyfycence, 921. In prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. -Harr, 3). ME. _Harre_ of a dore, ‘carde’ (Cath. Angl.); OE. _heorr_. - -=harres;= see =haras.= - -=Harrington,= a farthing; as coined by Harrington (1613); ‘I will not -bate a Harrington of the sum’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer). -See Nares. - -=harriot,= a heriot; a payment to the lord of a manor, due on the death -of a tenant. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Nimis); ‘A heriot or -homage’, Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, letter 38, § 2 (1621). OE. -_heregeatwe_, lit. military equipments. See Dict. (s.v. Heriot). - -†=harrolize,= to ‘heraldise’, act as a herald, emblazon arms; ‘He -harrolized well’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 35, st. 4. - -=harrot,= a ‘herald’. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 -(Sogliardo); Case is altered, iv. 4 (near the end). OF. _heraut_, -_herault_. See NED. - -=harrow,= _interj._, a cry of distress. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 43. ME. ‘I -wol crye out harrow and alas’, Chaucer (C. T. A. 3286); Norm. F. -_harou_, ‘Le cri ou la clameur de _haro_ ou de _harou_ était un appel -public à la justice et à la protection’ (Moisy); see Didot. - -=harrow,= to subdue, despoil. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 40. Used with -reference to Christ’s ‘Harrowing of Hell’, or despoiling it by the -rescue thence of the patriarchs, &c., as described in the pseudo-gospel -of Nicodemus. See the passage from Legenda Aurea, cap. liv, quoted in -Notes to P. Plowman, C. xxi. 261 (pp. 410, 411). - -=Harry-groat,= a groat of Henry VIII. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, -i. 2 (Young Loveless); Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); Mayne, City -Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia). - -=hart of grece,= a fat hart; ‘Eche of them slewe a harte of grece’, Adam -Bell, 105 (Child’s Ballads, p. 251); Ballad of Robin Hood and the Curtal -Fryar (Child’s Ballads, p. 299). See Nares (s.v. Greece). - -=hart-of-ten,= a hart having as many as ten points on each horn, and -therefore full-grown; ‘The total number of points, counting all the -tines, is ten’, Cent. Dict. (s.v. Antler); ‘Whan an hart hath fourched, -and then auntlere ryall and surryall, and forched on the one syde, and -troched on that other syde, than is he an hert of .X. and the more’, -Venery de Twety, in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 151; ‘An Hart of tenne’, -Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 311. - -=hartmans, harmans,= the stocks. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Song); ‘The harmans, the stockes’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See -=harman-beck.= - -=haskard,= a base, vulgar fellow. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 606; id., -Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, 24. See NED. - -=haske,= a rush or wicker basket. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16 -(explained as ‘a wicker ped, wherein they use to carrie fish’); -‘_Cavagna_, a fishers basket, or haske’, Florio. See NED. (s.v. Hask). - -=hatch,= a half-door, wicket with an open space above; ‘Ore [o’er] the -hatch’, King John, i. 1. 171; ‘Take the hatch’ (jump over it), King -Lear, iii. 6. 76; ‘As hound at hatch’ (i.e. like a dog set to watch the -door’), Turbervile, The Lover to Cupid, st. 12 from end. - -=hatched,= inlaid, or ornamented on the surface with gold or silver -work; ‘My sword well hatch’d’, Fletcher, Bonduca, ii. 2 (Junius); iii. -5; ‘hatched hilts’, Valentinian, ii. 2. 7; deeply marked, Beaumont and -Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Antigonus); Custom of the Country, v. 5 -(Guiomar); marked with lines like a thing engraved, marked with lines of -white hair, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 65; ‘hatched in silver’, Shirley, Love in -a Maze, ii. 2 (Simple). - -=hatchel,= to comb flax or hemp with a ‘hatchel’. Heywood, Rape of -Lucrece, ii. 3 (Song); ‘_Serancer_, to hatchel flax, &c., to comb, or -dress it on an iron comb’, Cotgrave. A Cheshire word (EDD.). - -=hate,= for _ha’ it_, have it. Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 141. Spelt _ha -’t_, riming with _gate_; Parliament of Bees, character 3. - -=hatter,= to bruise, batter; _hatter out_, to wear out, exhaust with -fatigue. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 371. In prov. use in Scotland and -various parts of England (EDD.). - -=haught,= lofty, haughty. Richard III, ii. 3. 28; Marlowe, Edw. II, iii. -2 (Baldock); _haulte_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 2, § 1; ch. -5, § 2; _haut_, high-sounding, ‘The haut Castilian tongue’, Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Pedro). OF. _haut_, _halt_, high. - -=haulse;= see =halse.= - -=haulte;= see =haught.= - -=haunt,= to practise habitually. Tusser, Husbandry, § 67 (ed. 1878, p. -155). In ME. ‘to haunt’, reflex., was used in the sense of ‘to accustom’ -or ‘exercise oneself’, ‘Haunte thi silf to pitee’ (Wyclif, 1 Tim. iv. -7). Norm. F. _hanter_, ‘aller habituellement en un lieu’ (Moisy). Icel. -_heimta_, to bring home the sheep in autumn from the summer pastures; -see Icel. Dict. (s.v. ii. 3). Cp. the use of the verb ‘to haunt’ in the -New Forest, to accustom cattle to repair to a certain spot, see EDD. -(s.v. Haunt, 4). - -=hause,= to embrace; ‘I will say nothing of hausing and kissing’, -Bernard, tr. of Terence, Heauton, v. 1 (NED.). A north-country -pronunciation; see EDD. (s.v. Halse, 9). See =halse.= - -†=hauster,= gullet (?); ‘Crack in thy throat and hauster too’, Grim the -Collier, iv. 1 (Grim). - -=haut;= see =haught.= - -=hauzen,= to embrace. Peele, Hon. Order of the Garter, l. 5, ed. Dyce, -p. 585. See =hause.= - -=havell,= a low fellow; a term of reproach. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to -Courte, 94, 604. Also spelt _hawvel_ (NED.). Origin of the word unknown. - -=having,= possession, property. Merry Wives, iii. 2. 73; Twelfth Nt. -iii. 4. 379. _Havings_, pl. wealth; Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. -4 (Asotus). ‘Havings’, possessions, still in use in Yorks. (EDD.). - -=haviour,= possession, wealth; _havoir_, Holland, Livy, xxiii. 41; -_havour_, Warner, Albion’s England, xvi. 164; ‘_Havoire_, possession.’ -ME. _havure_, or havynge of catel or oþer goodys, ‘averium’ (Prompt.). -Anglo-F. _aveir_, property (Moisy); _avoir_, property, goods (Gower). - -=haviour,= ‘behaviour’; ‘Her heavenly haveour’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., -April, 66; Merry Wives, i. 3. 86; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 226. See Dict. -(s.v. Behaviour). - -=havok:= phr. _to cry havok_, to give the signal for the pillage of a -captured town; ‘They . . . did do crye hauok upon all the tresours of -Troyes’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 175. 7; Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 273. -Anglo-F. _crier havok_ (A.D. 1385), OF. _crier havo_ (A.D. 1150), see -NED. (s.v. Havoc). - -=hawdod,= the corn bluebottle, _Centaurea cyanus_. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 20. 28; _haudoddes_, pl., id., § 20. 4. Cp. OE. _hǣwe_, -blue (in Erfurt Gl. _hāwi_), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 596. See =hardocks.= - -=hawker,= to act as a hawker, to haggle. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 620. - -=hay:= phr. _to carry hay on one’s horn_, to be mad or dangerous; from -an ox apt to gore whose horns were bound about with hay; cp. Horace, -Sat. i. 4. Herrick, Hesper. Oberon’s Pal., 176. - -=hay, hey,= a hedge. Thersites, ed. Pollard, 1. 155; ‘A hay (implieth) a -dead fence that may be made one yeere and pulled downe another’, Norden, -Survey in Harrison’s England (NED.). In E. Anglia a ‘hey’ is the term -used for a clipped quickset hedge. ME. _hay_, a hedge (Chaucer, Rom. -Rose, 54). OE. _hege_, ‘sepes’ (Ælfric); cp. OF. _haie_, hedge (Rom. -Rose, 50). - -=hay, hey,= a country-dance, of the nature of a reel; ‘The antic hay’, -Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1 (Gaveston); Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Henry); -‘Rounds and winding Heyes’, Davies, Orchestra, lxiv (Arber, Garner, v. -39). - -=hay,= _interj._, a term in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 -(Bobadil); a home-thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27. Ital. _hai_, thou hast -(Florio); cp. L. _habet_; exclaimed when a gladiator was wounded. - -=hay-de-guy= (=-guise=)=,= a kind of ‘hay’ or dance. _Heydeguyes_, pl., -Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 27; ‘We nightly dance our hey-day-guise’, -Robin Goodfellow, 102, in Percy’s Reliques (ed. 1887, iii. 204). In -Somerset and Dorset the word is used for merriment, high spirits, rough -play, see EDD. (s.v. Haydigees). - -=haye,= a net for catching rabbits. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly); -Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 14. _Hay-net_ is still in use in Kent and E. -Anglia (EDD.). ME. _hay_, nete to take conyys, ‘cassis’ (Prompt. EETS. -211). - -=hay-ree,= a carter’s cry in urging on his horses. Nash, Summer’s Last -Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. In prov. use in -Derbyshire (EDD.). See =ha and ree.= - -=hayte and ree,= words used by a carter in urging on or directing his -horses. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, ii. 1 (Clown) (vol. ii, 384). -In Yorkshire the carters say ‘hite’ and ‘ree’, as calls to the horse to -turn to left or right, see EDD. (s.v. Hait). ‘Hait’ is in gen. prov. use -in Scotland and England, as a call to urge horses or other animals to go -on (id.). ME. _hayt_: ‘_Hayt_, Brok!, _hayt_, Scot!’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. -1543). Cp. Swed. dial. _häjt_, a cry to the ox or horse to turn to the -left. Rietz (s.v. Hit). - -=haytye,= defiance. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 301, 17 (rendering of -_ahatine_ in the F. text). F. _aatie_, _ahatie_, ‘haine, querelle, -provocation, engagement, lutte’ (Partonop. de Blois, 9585), also -_aatine_, _ahatine_, from _ahatir_ (_aatir_), ‘se hâter, s’engager à un -combat, accepter une provocation’ (Chron. des ducs de Normandie); see -Ducange. Cp. _s’ahastir_, ‘se hâter’ (Moisy). - -=haze,= for _ha ’s_ = have us. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4. 7; iv. 3 -(Roister). - -=hazelwood.= ‘Yea, hazelwood!’ (meaning, ‘why, of course!’), Gascoigne, -in Hazlitt’s ed., ii. 23, 285. The exclamation implies that the -information given is of a very simple description, and that the hearer -knows a great deal more of the matter than the informant. In Chaucer’s -Tr. and Cr. iii. 890, there occurs the fuller form, ‘Ye, haselwodes -shaken’, i.e. Yea, hazelwoods shake (when the wind blows); in the same -poem, v. 505, ‘Ye, haselwode!’. - -=head,= intellect, person, a favourite word with Sir T. Browne, ‘Every -Age has its Lucian, whereof common Heads must not hear’, Rel. Med. (ed. -Greenhill, 36). - -=headless hood.= In Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 96, we find: ‘So vainely -t’aduance thy headless hood.’ Here _hood_, i.e. state, condition, is the -usual suffix _-hood_, used as if it could be detached. ‘Explained in the -Globe ed., followed by recent Dicts., as = _heedlesshood_’, but Spenser -elsewhere always distinguishes between _headless_ and _heedless_, NED. - -=heal,= to cover; ‘Heal, to cover, to heal a house’, ‘to heal the fire’, -‘to heal a person in bed’, Ray, S. and E. Country Words (1674). See EDD. -(s.v. Heal, vb.^{2}). ME. _helen_, to hide, conceal (Chaucer, C. T. B. -2279). OE. _helian_, to hide. See =unhele.= - -=heale,= health. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (ed. Arber, 46); -well-being, prosperity, Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 768. In -prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Heal, sb.^{1}). ME. -_hele_, health, recovery, safety (Wars Alex., see Gloss. Index). OE. -_hǣlo_. - -=hear ill,= to be ill spoken of. B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 6 (end); -Dedication of Volpone. A Greek idiom, cp. κακῶς ἀκούειν, to be ill -spoken of. - -=heardgroom, herdgroom,= a shepherd-lad. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 35. -Copied from Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1225 (‘Thise litel herdegromes’). - -=hearse,= a structure of wood used in noble funerals, decorated with -banners, heraldic devices, and lighted candles, on which it was -customary for friends to pin short poems or epitaphs; ‘Underneath this -sable hearse’, B. Jonson, Epit. on the Countess of Pembroke; Middleton, -Women beware, iii. 2 (Livia); a coffin on a bier, Richard III, i. 2. 2. -See Dict. - -=heart at grass:= phr. _to take heart at grasse_; ‘Rise, therefore, -Euphues, and take heart at grasse, younger thou shalt never bee, plucke -up thy stomacke’, Lyly, Euphues (Nares); Tarlton’s Newes out of -Purgatorie, 24. See Nares (s.v. Heart of grace). - -=heart of grace:= phr. _to take heart of grace_; ‘His absence gave him -so much heart of grace’, Harington, Ariosto, xxii. 37; ‘Take heart of -grace, man’, Ordinary (Nares). See Nares (s.v. Grace, 3). - -=heart-breaker,= a lovelock, a curl; jocosely. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i, -c. 1, 253. - -=heautarit,= quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. -_ʿuṭârid_, the planet Mercury; also, quicksilver (Steingass). - -=heave a bough,= rob a booth or shop. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘_To heve a bough_, to robbe or rifle a boeweth -[booth]’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84. - -=heave and ho,= a cry of sailors in heaving the anchor, &c.; hence, with -might and main; ‘With heaue and hoaw on Bacchus name they shout’, Phaer, -Aeneid vii, 389; ‘Heue and how’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252. - -=heben,= ebony; ‘_Hebene_, Heben or Ebony, the black and hard wood of a -certain tree growing in Aethiopia and the East Indies’, Cotgrave; _heben -wood_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37. L. _hebenus_, Gk. ἔβενος, the ebony -tree; cp. Heb. _hobnîm_, billets of ebony (Ezek. xxvii. 15). - -=hebenon,= name given to some substance having a poisonous juice, -Hamlet, i. 5. 62; _hebon_, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iii. 4 (Barabas). Cp. -Gower, C. A. iv. 3017, ‘Bordes Of hebenus that slepi Tree’, borrowed -from Ovid, Metam. xi. 610 ff., ‘Torus est ebeno sublimis . . . Quo cubat -ipse deus membris languore solutis.’ - -=hecco,= the woodpecker; ‘The laughing hecco’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 80; -‘The sharp-neb’d hecco’, The Owl, 206. Cp. Glouc. _heckwall_, see EDD. -(s.v. Hickwall). - -=heckfer,= a heifer. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 811; ‘Heckfare, -_bucula_’, Levins, Manip. ME. _hekfere_, ‘juvenca’ (Prompt.); ‘buccula, -juvenca’ (Voc. 758. 3). Formerly in prov. use in the north country and -in E. Anglia, but now obsolete, see EDD. (s.v. Heifer). - -=heedling,= headlong. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘To tumble a man -heedlinge down the hyll’, Cranmer, Pref. to Bible; precipitately, ‘His -armie flying headling back againe’, Knolles, Hist. Turks (ed. 1621, -170). - -=heft,= weight. Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 15. Hence, stress, need, -_emergency_; ‘Forsooke each other at the greatest heft’, Ferrex, st. 5. -In common prov. use in the midland and southern counties: it means -weight, esp. the weight of a thing as ascertained by lifting it in the -hand, see EDD. (s.v. Heft, sb.^{1} 1). - -=heggue,= a hag, malicious female sprite; ‘Heggues that are seen in the -feldes by night like Fierbrandes’, Arber, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 23; -‘The ayery heggs’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 31. - -=heir,= to be heir to, to inherit. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 714; -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 161. - -=hell,= the ‘den’ for prisoners in the games of Barley-break and -Prison-bars; ‘Here’s the last couple in hell’, Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Elder Loveless). See =barley-break.= - -=hell-waine,= a phantom wagon, seen in the sky at night. Middleton, The -Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); R. Scott, Disc. Witchcraft, vii. 15 (ed. 1886, -122). In the Netherlands the Great Bear is called _Hellewagen_, see -Grimm, Teut. Myth. 802. - -=helm,= the helmet or head of a still. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 -(Subtle). - -=helm,= a handle. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 312. See Dict. - -=helmster,= the tiller of a helm. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 571. - -=helo=(=e, healo,= bashful; ‘_Il est né tout coiffé_, hee is verie -maidenlie, shamfaced, heloe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611); ‘_Honteux_, -shamefast, bashful, helo, modest’, id.; ‘_Heloe_ or _helaw_, bashful, a -word of common use’, Ray, North Country Words, 25; _hala_, Shadwell, -Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 (Lolpool). In common prov. use in the north -country as far south as Cheshire and Derbysh. (EDD.). - -=helops,= a savoury sea-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 13. L. -_helops_, _ellops_; Gk. ἔλλοψ. See =ellops.= - -=hempstring,= a worthless fellow; a term of reproach, with reference to -a halter. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 2 (Psiteria); ‘A perfect young -hemp-string’, Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, v. 1 (Vaumont). In Scotland -(Forfarsh.) a hangman’s halter is called a hempstring (EDD.). - -†=hemule, hemuse,= a roebuck in its third year. _Hemule_, Book of St. -Albans, fol. E4, back; _hemuse_, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45, p. 143. See -NED. - -=hench-boy,= a page. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.); Randolph, -Muses’ Looking Glass, i. 4 (Mrs. Flowerdew); _hinch-boy_, B. Jonson, -Gipsies Metamorphosed (Song). Cp. _henchman_, a page, Mids. Nt. D. ii. -1. 121; ‘A henchman or henchboy, _page d’honneur, qui marche devant -quelque Seigneur de grand authorité_ (Sherwood).’ See Prompt. EETS. -(note, no. 999). - -=hend,= to hold, grasp. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 27; to cast, hurl, Mirror -for Mag., Brennus, st. 83. OE. _ge-hendan_, to hold in the hand. - -=hent,= to seize, lay hold of. Winter’s Tale, iv. 2. 133; pt. t. _hent_, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 1; pp. _hent_, occupied, Meas. for Measure, iv. 6. -14; caught, taken, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 553. ME. _hente_, -to seize (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3347); OE. _hentan_. - -=her,= their. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 160; Sept., 39. ME. _here_ -(_her_) of them, their (Chaucer); OE. _hira_; see Dict. M. and S. - -=herber,= a green plot, flower-garden. Lusty Juventus, Song after -Prologue, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 46. ME. _herber_, a garden (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. ii. 1705); an arbour (Leg. G. W. 203). See Dict. (s.v. -Arbour). - -=herberow,= a lodging, shelter. Morte Arthur, leaf 77. 11; bk. iv, c. -25; _herborowe_, v., to lodge, provide shelter for, id., lf. 90, back, -19; bk. v, c. 11. ME. _herberwe_, a lodging, shelter; an inn; a harbour -(Chaucer). Icel. _herbergi_, lit. army-shelter. See =harborough.= - -=herden,= made of hards or fibres of flax. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 118. -In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Harden, sb.). - -=heriot;= see =harriot.= - -=herneshaw,= a young heron. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 9; ‘_Heronceau_, an -hernshawe’, Palsgrave; _hernesewe_, Golding, Metam. xiv. 580; -_heronsew_, Disobedient Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 282. For -numerous prov. pronunciations of the word, which is in common use from -the north country to Kent, see EDD. (s.v. Heronsew). ME. _heronsewe_ -(Chaucer, C. T. F. 68); Anglo-F. _herouncel_ (Rough List). - -=herring-bones,= stitches arranged in a zigzag pattern. Marston, Scourge -of Villainy, Sat. vii. 20. - -=hersall,= rehearsal. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 18. - -=herse,= a harrow triangular in form; ‘The archers ther (at the battle -of Creçy) stode in maner of a herse’ (i.e. drawn up in a triangular -formation), Berners, tr. of Froissart, c. cxxx. F. _herce_, a harrow -(Cotgr.); Ital. _erpice_; L. _hirpex_ (_irpex_). See Dict. (s.v. -Hearse). - -=hery, herry,= to praise, honour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 13; Shep. Kal., -Feb., 62; Nov., 10; _herried_, pret., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. -347. ME. _herie_, to praise (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1672); OE. -_herian_. - -=Hesperides,= the garden of the Hesperides; ‘Trees in the Hesperides’, -L. L. L. iv. 3. 341; ‘the plot Hesperides’, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 56; -p. 90, col. 1; ‘The garden called Hesperides’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. -2 (1168); scene 9. 82 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D.). - -=hew,= a hewing, hacking, slaughter. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 49. - -=hewte,= a copse. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 75; ‘Small groues or -hewts’, id., c. 31; p. 81; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, ii. 731. OE. -_hiewet_, a hewing (Gregory’s Past, xxxvi); cp. _copse_, from OF. -_coper_, to cut. - -=hey;= see =hay.= - -=heydeguyes;= see =hay-de-guy.= - -=heyward,= an officer of a township who had charge of hedges and -enclosures. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 11, p. 41. In prov. use in -many parts of England (EDD.). ME. _heyward_, ‘agellarius’ (Prompt.). See -=hay= (hedge). - -=hiccius doctius,= a similar word to ‘hocus-pocus’, used in imitation of -Latin by conjurers who performed tricks; hence, a conjurer’s trick, a -cheat. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 580. - -=hidder and shidder,= male and female animals. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Sept., 211. _Hidder_ = _he-der_, he ‘deer’, i.e. male animal; _shidder_ -= _she-der_, she ‘deer’, i.e. female animal. In Yorks. and Lincoln the -sheep-farmers speak of a flock of ‘he-ders’ and ‘she-ders’, see EDD. -(s.v. He, 10 (6)). - -=high-copt,= high-topped. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. See =coppe.= - -=high-lone,= entirely alone; said of a child learning to walk. Romeo, i. -3. 36 (1 quarto); Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 2. 9. [‘The Mares . . . -were scarce able to go high-lone’, G. Washington, Diary, March 13, 1760 -(NED.).] - -=highmen,= loaded dice that produced high throws. Middleton, Your Five -Gallants, v. 1 (Fitsgrave); ‘Two bayle of false dyce, _videlicet_, high -men and loe men’, London Prodigal, i. 1. 218. - -=hight,= to promise; ‘And vowes men shal him hight’, Phaer, Aeneid, i. -290. In Chaucer we find _highte_, pt. t. of _hote_, to promise (Tr. and -Cr. v. 1636; C. T. E. 496); OE. _hēht_ (_hēt_), pt. t. of _hātan_ to -promise, to bid, command. See =hot= (=hote=). - -=hight,= _pr._ and _pt. t._, is or was called; ‘_I hight_’, I am named, -Peele, Araynement of Paris, i. 1 (Venus); was called, was named, ‘She -Queene of Faeries hight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 14; ‘The citie of the -great king hight it well.’ This is a Chaucerian spelling and usage, the -form being due to ME. _hight_ (promised, commanded), see above. In -Chaucer we find _hight_, ‘is called’, and ‘was called’ (Leg. G. W. 417, -and 725). But we also find the regular form _hatte_ for both pres. and -pt. t. (Tr. and Cr. iii. 797; H. Fame, 1303). OE. _hātte_, is or was -called, pr. and pt. t. of _hātan_. This is the only trace of the old -passive voice preserved in English, cp. Goth. _haitada_, I am called. - -=higre,= the ‘bore’ in a river. Drayton, Pol. vii. 10; xxviii. 482. Med. -L. _Higra_ in William of Malmesbury, De Pontific.: ‘Anglis dictus quidam -quotidianus aquarum Sabrinae fluvii furor quem vel voraginem vel -vertiginem undarum dicam nescio’ (Ducange). See EDD. (s.v. Eagre). - -=hild,= to heel over, to lean over; ‘_I hylde_, I leane on the one syde, -as a bote or shyp’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian form, see EDD. (s.v. Heald, -vb.^{1} 1). ME. _hilde_, to incline; _heldyn_, ‘inclino’ (Prompt.). OE. -_hieldan_ (late WS. _hyldan_, Kentish _heldan_), to incline. See NED. -(s.v. Hield). - -=hilding,= a good-for-nothing person of either sex. Applied to a man, -All’s Well, iii. 6. 4; applied to a woman; a jade, a baggage, Romeo, -iii. 5. 169; Dryden, Spanish Fryar, ii. 3; a worthless horse, Holland’s -Livy, xxi. 40, p. 415. See Nares. - -=hill,= to cover; to cover from sight, to hide. Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. iv, ch. 21, st. 27; _hild_, pp. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 472. -In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Wilts., see -EDD. (s.v. Hill, vb.^{2}). ME. _hyllyn_, ‘operio’ (Prompt.); _hile_ -(Wyclif, Mark 14. 65). Icel. _hylja_, to cover. - -=himp,= to hobble, to limp; ‘Lame of one leg, and himping’, Udall, tr. -of Apoph., Philip, § 35; ‘Hymping on the one legge’, id., Alexander, § -57. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Cp. Du. dial. _himp-_, in _himphamp_, -‘een hinkend persoon’ (Boekenoogen). - -=hinch-boy;= see =hench-boy.= - -=hine,= a farm-labourer, a ‘hind’. Phaer, tr. Aeneid, vii. 504; Waller, -Suckling’s Verses, 33. This form is in prov. use in Lakeland, Yorks. and -in Devon and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Hind, sb.^{1}). ME. _hyne_ -(Wyclif, John x. 12). OE. _hī_(_w_)_na man_, a man of the household, of -the servants; _hī_(_w_)_na_, gen. pl. of _hīwan_, domestics. - -=hing,= to hang. Machin, The Dumb Knight, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 128. -In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in England in the north and -midland counties as far as Warwick. ME. _hinge_, to hang, to be hung -(Wars Alex. 4565). Icel. _hengja_ (causal vb.). - -=hinny,= to neigh as a horse; ‘I hynnye as a horse’, Palsgrave; ‘He -neigheth and hinnieth, all is hinnying sophistry’, B. Jonson, Barthol. -Fair, v. 3 (Busy). - -=hippocras,= a cordial drink made of wine flavoured with spices. -Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Lady); _Hypocrace_, ‘vinum -myrrhatum’, Levins, Manipulus; _ipocras_, Heywood, 1 Pt. Edw. IV. (Wks. -ed. 1874, i. 10). ME. _ipocras_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1807); see note in -Wks., v. 361. OF. _ipocras_, _ypocras_, forms of the Greek proper name -Hippocrates, a famous physician, died B.C. 357. The cordial was so -called because it was run through a strainer or ‘Ipocras’ bag, see NED. -(s.v. Hippocras bag). See Stanford. - -=hippodame,= a name given by Spenser to a fabulous sea-monster, F. Q. -ii. 9. 50; iii. 11. 40. The allusion is probably to the ‘hippocamp’, or -sea-horse, a monster with a horse’s body and a fish’s tail, used by the -sea-gods, cp. W. Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 1: ‘Fair silver-footed Thetis -. . . Guiding from rockes her chariot’s hyppocamps.’ In the form -_hippodame_, Spenser was probably thinking of _hippotame_, ME. -_ypotame_, hippopotamus (K. Alis. 5184); see NED. (s.v. Hippopotamus). - -=hippogrif,= a fabulous creature like a griffin, but with the body and -hindquarters of a horse, Milton, P. L. iv. 542. Ital. _ippogrifo_ -(Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, iv. 4 and follg.), rendered ‘griffin-horse’ -in Hoole’s Ariosto, iv. 125. - -=Hiren,= a seductive female; ‘Haue wee not Hiren here?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. -4. 173 (1597). An allusion to a female character in Peele’s play of ‘The -Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin the fair Greek’ (ab. 1594); see NED. The -initial _H_ is superfluous, as the allusion is to the name Irene (F. -_Irène_), Gk. εἰρήνη, peace. See Greene and Peele’s Works, ed. Dyce, p. -341. This play by Peele is lost. - -=his,= after a sb., used instead of the genitive inflexion, chiefly with -proper names; ‘For Jesus Christ his sake’, Book Com. Prayer; -‘Secretaries to the kyng his moste excellente majestie’, Robinson, tr. -More’s Utopia, Ep. (ed. Lumby, 2); ‘Edward the Second of England, his -Queen’, Bacon, Essay 19. See NED. (s.v. His, 4), and Notes to P. -Plowman, C. xix. 236, p. 381. See Nares. - -=histriomastix,= a severe critic of playwrights. Lady Alimony, i. 2 -(Trills), where the epithet of ‘crop-eared’ is prefixed. The allusion is -to the book entitled ‘Histriomastix, The Players’ Scourge’, by W. -Prynne, published in 1633; for which he lost both ears, and was -pilloried. L. _histrio_, an actor + Gk. μάστιξ, a scourge. - -=hizz,= to hiss. King Lear, iii. 6. 17; Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 -(ed. Arber, p. 46). - -=ho,= a cry calling on one to stop; cessation, intermission, limit. Phr. -_out of all ho_, out of all limit, beyond all moderate bounds, Greene, -Friar Bacon, iv. 2 (1733); scene 11. 73 (W.); p. 174, col. 2 (D.). In -Yorkshire they say, ‘There is no ho with him’, i.e. there is no -moderation, he is not to be restrained. ‘Out of all ho’ in the sense of -‘immoderately’ is a common phrase in the west Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. -Ho, sb.^{1} 5). ME. _ho_, cessation, in phr. _withouten ho_ (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. ii. 1083). See Nares. - -=hob,= a sprite, hobgoblin. Mirror for Mag., Glendour, st. 8; ‘From -elves, hobs, and fairies . . . From fire-drakes and fiends . . . Defend -us, good heaven!’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 6. For the folk-lore -connected with the sprite called _Hob_, see EDD. _Hob_ is a familiar or -rustic abbreviation of the name Robert or Robin, cp. Coriolanus, ii. 3. -123, ‘To beg of Hob and Dick’. See Nares. - -=hoball,= a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek); -‘An hobbel, cobbel, dullard, _haebes_, _barbus_’, Levins, Manipulus. In -prov. use in the north, meaning a fool, a dull, stupid person, a -blockhead, see EDD. (s.v. Hobbil, sb.^{1}). - -=hobby,= a small kind of hawk; ‘_Hobreau_, the hawke tearmed a hobby’, -Cotgrave; Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 195; _hobies_, pl., Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, cap. xviii. ME. _hoby_, ‘alaudarius’ (Cath. Angl.); OF. -_hobe_, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Hobereau). - -=hobby,= a small or middle-sized horse; ‘_Hobin_, a hobbie, a little -ambling horse’, Cotgrave; _hobby-headed_, shaggy-headed like a hobby or -small pony, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria). ‘Hobby’ is in -prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Hobby, sb.^{1} 1), -also in Ireland, see Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 274. - -=hobby-horse.= In the morris-dance and on the stage, a figure of a -horse, made of light material, and fastened about the waist of the -performer, who imitated the antics of a skittish horse; also, the -performer. L. L. L. iii. 1. 30; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, -iv. 5 (Ralph). - -=hobler,= for =hobbler,= a child’s top that wobbles, or spins -unsteadily. Hence, a useless toy, Lyly, Mother Bombie, v. 3 (Bedunenus). - -=hob-man-blind,= a name for the game of blind-man’s-buff. Two Angry -Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 364; Heywood, Wise Wom. Hogsdon, iii. -(Works, v. 310). ‘Hobman’ in Yorkshire is a name for a sprite, -hobgoblin, see EDD. (s.v. Hob, sb.^{1} 4 (2)). - -=hock-cart,= the last cart at harvest-home. Herrick has a short poem, -entitled ‘The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home’, where he says, ‘The harvest -swains and wenches bound For joy, to see the Hock-Cart crown’d’ (Nares); -see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 301. Cp. the Hertfordsh. term ‘the Hockey Cart’, -the cart that brings in the last corn of the harvest, see EDD. (s.v. -Hockey, sb.^{1} 2 (2)). Prob. conn. with Low G. _hokk_ (pl. _hokken_), a -heap of sheaves (Berghaus). See =hooky.= - -=Hock-day,= the second Tuesday after Easter Sunday (NED.). _Hock -Monday_, the Monday in ‘Hock-tide’; ‘Rec^{d} of the women upon Hoc -Monday 5_s._ 2_d._’, Churchwardens’ Accounts, Kingston-upon-Thames, ann. -1578, see Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 104; spelt _Hough-munday_, Arden of -Feversham, iv. 3. 43. See NED. (s.v. Hock-day) and EDD. (s.v. Hock, -sb.^{2} 1 (2)). - -=hoddydoddy,= a short and dumpy person; a simpleton, dupe. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 1. 25; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 10. 65. See -EDD. (s.v. Hoddydoddy, 3). - -=hoddypeke,= a simpleton. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, iii. 3 (Chat); -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1176; _huddypeke_, The Four Elements, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 326. - -=hodermoder, in,= in secret, secretly. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 69; _in -huddermother_, Ascham, Toxophilus, ed. Arber, p. 36; spelt -_huddermudder_, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 74; _hudther-mudther_, -Golding, Metam. xiii. 15. - -=hodmandod,= a shell-snail. Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo); Bacon, -Sylva, § 732. An E. Anglian word (Ray, 1691); also in prov. use in -various parts of England, meaning (1) a snail, (2) a clumsy ill-shaped -person, (3) a simpleton, (4) a mean stingy person, (5) a scarecrow -(EDD.). - -=hogrel, hoggerel,= a young sheep of the second year; ‘Hoggerell, a yong -shepe’, Palsgrave; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 72. ‘Hoggrel’ is in -common prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England for a young -sheep, before it has been shorn (EDD.). - -=hog-rubber,= a clown; a term of reproach. Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. -2 (Moll). - -=hoiden,= a rude, ignorant, ill-bred man. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. -1 (Hilts); ‘Shall I argue of conversation with this hoyden?’, Milton, -Colasterion (Works, ed. 1851, p. 364); ‘_Badault_, a fool, dolt, sot, -fop, ass, coxcomb, gaping hoydon’, Cotgrave. Du. _heyden_, ‘homo -agrestis et incultus’ (Kilian). - -=hoigh, on the,= in a state of excitement, riotously disposed, jolly. -Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 (NED.); Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 1 -(Sir Francis). _Hoigh_ = _hoy_, an interjectional cry denoting -excitement. - -=hoit,= to be noisy; to indulge in noisy mirth. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. -of Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. M.); Etherege, Man of Mode, v. 2 -(Dorimant); Fuller, Pisgah, ii. 4. 6. ‘To hoit’, to play the fool; -‘hoyting’, riotous and noisy mirth, are in prov. use in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Hoit, vb.^{1} 4). - -=hokos pokos,= a juggler. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Mirth). Cp. -G. _hokuspokus_, jugglery; see Weigand and H. Paul. - -=Hole, the;= See =counter= (3). In Cook’s play of Green’s Tu Quoque -(printed in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 563) Spendall is represented as in -prison ‘on the Master’s side’, or the best part of the prison. But he -runs through his money, and is advised to remove ‘into some cheaper -ward’. He asks ‘What ward should I remove in?’ Holdfast replies, ‘Why, -to the Twopenny Ward; . . . or, if you will, you may go into the Hole, -and there you may feed for nothing.’ See =basket.= - -=Hollantide,= the season of All Saints, the first week in November, All -Hallows’-tide. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 1 (Mis. P.); -_All-holland-tide_, Your Five Gallants, iv. 2 (Servant). See EDD. (s.v. -Hallantide). OE. _Hālgena tīd_, the Saints’ Season. - -=holt,= a small wood or grove. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 3 -(Sul. Shepherd). ME. _holt_, a plantation (Chaucer, C. T. A. 6). OE. -_holt_, a wood (Beowulf). - -=Holyrood, Holyrode-day,= the Festival of the Invention of the Holy -Cross, May 3; ‘Any time between Martilmas and holy-rode day’, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; the Festival of the Exaltation of the -Holy Cross, Holy Cross Day, September 14, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 52. - -=honest,= chaste. Merry Wives, ii. 1. 247; iii. 3. 236; iv. 2. 107; -‘Like as an whore envyeth an honest woman’, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xvi. 49. - -=honniken,= a term of contempt; a despised fellow. Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, iv. 5 (Lord Mayor); here _honniken_ is equated to needy knave. -Evidently connected with MHG. _hone_, a despised person, one who lives -in shame and contempt; cp. G. _hohn_, scorn, derision. - -=honorificabilitudinitatibus.= Given as a specimen of a long word, L. L. -L. v. 1. 41; Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool). - -=hooch,= a ‘hutch’, a chest. Gascoigne, Flowers (ed. Hazlitt, i. 67). -‘Hutch’ is in common prov. use in Suffolk for one of those oaken chests -still to be seen in cottages (EDD.). ME. _huche_, ‘cista, archa’ -(Prompt.); see note, no. 1031 (EETS., p. 622). See =hutch.= - -=hoodman-blind,= the game now called blind-man’s-buff. Hamlet, iii. 4. -77; _hudman-blind_, Merry Devil, i. 3. 52. From the _hood_ used to blind -the _man_. Cp. _hoodman_, blinded man, All’s Well, iv. 3. 136. [This old -word ‘hoodman-blind’ appears in Tennyson’s In Memoriam, lxxviii.] - -=hooky, hooky,= a cry at harvest-home. Nash, Summer’s Last Will -(Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 54. See EDD. (s.v. Hockey, -sb.^{1}). See =hock-cart.= - -=hoop,= to shout with wonder. Hen. V, ii. 2. 108; to shout at with -insult, Cor. iv. 5. 84. (Usually altered to _whoop_.) Hence, _Hooping_, -a cry of surprise, exclamation of wonder, As You Like It, iii. 2. 203. -ME. _howpe_, to utter a hoop (Chaucer, C.T. B. 4590), OF. _huper_ (later -_houper_). - -=hoove;= see =hove.= - -=hope,= expectation unaccompanied by desire. 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 235; -Othello, i. 3. 203; to expect, Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 4 (Fernando); -iv. 2 (Roseilli); Antony and Cl. ii. 1. 38. - -=hopper,= the hopper of a mill; _hopper-hipped_, shaped about the hips -like a ‘hopper’. Wycherley, Love in a Wood, ii. 1 (Sir Simon); -_hopper-rumped_, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Sordido). - -=hopper-crow,= a crow that follows a seed-hopper during sowing. Greene, -James IV, v. 2. 10. See NED. ‘Hopper’, a seed-basket used in sowing corn -by hand, is in prov. use from the north of England to Shropshire (EDD.). - -=hopshakles,= ‘hap-shackles’, bands for confining a horse or cow at -pasture. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 128. ‘Hapshackle’ still in use in -Scotland (NED.). - -=horion,= a severe blow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 19. F. _horion_, -‘a dust, cuff, rap, knock, thump’ (Cotgr.). - -=horn,= a horn-thimble; ‘A horn on your thumb’, Cambyses, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 235. See =horn-thumb.= - -=hornbook,= a paper containing the alphabet, &c., protected by a -transparent plate of horn, and mounted on a wooden tablet with a handle. -Used for teaching the very young. L. L. L. v. 1. 49; Two Noble Kinsmen, -ii. 3. 46. - -=horn-keck,= the gar-fish. Used _fig._, ‘Suche an horne-keke’ (as a term -of abuse), Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 77; l. 304. - -=horn-thumb,= a thimble of horn worn on the thumb by cut-purses, for -resisting the edge of the knife in cutting; ‘I mean a child of the -horn-thumb, a babe of booty, a cut-purse’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Overdo). Cp. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 5 (1661); p. 138, col. 2. - -=horrent,= bristling. Milton, P. L. ii. 513. L. _horrens_, rough, -bristled. - -=horse,= pl. horses. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 280 (and very often). -OE. _hors_, horses, pl. of _hors_. - -=horsecorser,= a dealer in horses. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1084. ‘A -Horse Courser, or Horse scourser, _mango equorum_’, Minsheu (1627); -_horse-courser_, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induction; Marlowe, Faustus, -iv. 6. See =corser.= - -=hose,= clothing for the legs and loins, breeches. As You Like It, ii. -7. 160; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 185, 239. ‘Doublet and hose’, the typical male -attire (i.e. without a cloak), Much Ado, i. 203; Merry Wives, iii. 1. -47. - -=hospitage,= hospitality. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 6. Med. L. -_hospitagium_ (Ducange). - -=hospitale,= a place of rest, a building for receiving guests, a -‘hostel’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 10. Med. L. _hospitale_ (Ducange). - -=host,= a victim to be sacrificed. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 196. L. -_hostia_, an animal sacrificed, victim. - -=host,= to receive as a guest, to entertain. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 27; -_hosted with_, lodged with, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2. - -=hostless,= inhospitable. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 3. - -=hostry,= a hostelry, an inn, lodging; ‘There was no roume for them in -the hostrey’, Tyndale, Luke ii. 7; Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 23; Marlowe, -Faustus, iv. 6 (near the end). OF. _hosterie_, _hostrie_, an inn. Cp. -Ital. _osteria_. - -=hot,= _pt. t._ of _hit_. Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -vii. 276; Beard, Theatre, God’s Judgem. i. 21 (ed. 1631, 122); pp., R. -Scott, Discov. Witcher. xii. 15 (ed. 1886, 206). In prov. use in -Warwicksh., Bedfordsh., and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Hit, 2 and 3). - -=hot, hote,= was named, was called; ‘It rightly hot The well of life’, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 29; ‘Another Knight that hote Sir Brianor’, ib., -iv. 4. 40. OE. _hātte_ (Matt. xiii. 55), pres. and pt. t. of _hātan_, to -be called. See =hight.= - -=hote,= _pt. t._, named; ‘A shepheard trewe yet not so true As he that -earst I hote’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 164. A mistaken form, from -confusion with the above. The usual late ME. form is _hight_ (_hiȝt_), -_hehte_ (in Layamon); OE. _hēht_ (_hēt_), pt. t. of _hātan_, to call, -name. - -=hot-house,= a bagnio, house for hot baths; a house of ill-fame. Measure -for M. ii. 1. 66; Westward Ho (near the beginning). - -=Hough-munday;= see =Hock-day.= - -=hounces,= housings, trappings of a horse; ‘Gemmes That stood upon the -Collars, Trace, and Hounces in their Hemmes’, Golding, Metam. ii. 109 -(not in Latin text). The explanation in NED., ‘an ornament on the collar -of a horse’, applies only to other passages; in this case, the gems -ornamented the collars, traces, and housings. ‘Hounce’ is an E. Anglian -word for the red and yellow worsted ornament spread over the collar of a -cart-horse (EDD.). It is a nasalized form of F. _housse_, a foot-cloth -for a horse (Cotgr.). - -=housel= (_fig._ used), to give repentance to; ‘May zealous smiths so -housel all our hacknies, that they may feel compunction in their feet’, -Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1, (Shorthose). See below. - -=housling;= ‘The housling fire’, i.e. the sacramental fire, Spenser, F. -Q. i. 12. 37. The Roman marriage was solemnized _sacramento ignis et -aquae_. ME. _houselen_, to administer the Eucharist (P. Plowman, B. xix. -3); _housele_, the Eucharist (ib., C. xxii. 394). OE. _hūsel_. See Dict. -(s.v. Housel). - -=hout,= a ‘hoot’, an outcry, clamour. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iv. 1 -(Andrugio). See Dict. (s.v. Hoot). - -=hove,= to tarry, stay, dwell. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 20; Colin Clout, -666; ‘(At Bosworth) some stode hovynge a-ferre of’, Fabyan (cited by -Way). A north-country word, now obsolete (EDD.). ME. _hovyn_, as hors, -and abydyn, ‘sirocino’, Prompt. EETS. 236. See Dict. M. and S., and -Way’s note in Prompt., p. 252. - -=Howleglas;= see =Owlglass.= - -=howres,= hours, i.e. the prayers said at the canonical hours or stated -times for prayer; ‘The Hermite . . . Was wont his howres and holy things -to bed’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 5. 35. See Dict. Christ. Antiq. (s.v. Hours -of Prayer). - -=hoyle,= a mark made use of by archers when shooting at rovers (NED.). -Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 334. See =rove.= - -=hoyn,= to grumble, grunt. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 4. A Lincoln -word, see EDD. (s.v. Hone, vb.^{2} 1). Norm. F. _hoigner_, ‘hogner, -geindre, pleurnicher, se lamenter’ (Moisy). - -=hoyst, brock!,= a cry of encouragement to a horse. Warner, Albion’s -England, bk. ii, ch. 10. - -=huck-bone,= the hip-bone. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 57. 4. ‘Huck’ is a -Lincoln word, see EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1} 1), so, in Tennyson’s -Northern Cobbler, ‘I slither’d an’ hurted my huck.’ See NED. - -=hucke,= to higgle, chaffer, bargain. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v, -ch. 26, st. 45; ‘I love not to sell my ware to you, you hucke so sore’, -Palsgrave. A west-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Huck, vb.^{2}). ME. -_hukke_, ‘auccionor’ (Voc. 566. 36). Cp. MHG. _hucke_, ‘Kleinhändler’ -(Lexer). - -=huckle,= the hip, haunch. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 45; Butler, Hud. i. 2. -925. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=huckle-bone,= the hip-bone, Hobbes, Iliad, 67 (NED.); the astragalus, -‘Ἀστράγαλος is in Latin _talus_ and it is the little square hucclebone -in the ancle place of the hinder legge in all beastes saving man’, -Udall, Apoph., 185; ‘_Bibelots_, hucklebones or the play at -hucklebones’, Cotgrave. This name for the game is in prov. use in the -north, in Lincoln, Surrey, and Sussex (EDD.). - -=huckson,= lit. the hough-sinew; also, the hough or hock; corresponding -to the heel in man. Herrick, The Beggar to Mab, 11. A Devon word, see -EDD. (s.v. Hock, sb.^{1}). OE. _hōhsinu_. See NED. (s.v. Hockshin, also, -Huxen). - -=hudder-mudder;= see =hodermoder.= - -=huddle,= to hurry; ‘The huddling brook’, Milton, Comus, 495; ‘Country -vicars when the sermon’s done, Run huddling to the benediction’, Dryden, -Epil. to Sir Martin Mar-all, 2; to hurry over in a slovenly way, Dryden, -tr. of Virgil, Georgics, i. 353. - -=huddle, old,= a term of contempt for a decrepit old man. Lyly, Euphues, -p. 133; Webster, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). - -=huddypeke;= see =hoddypeke.= - -=hudman-blind;= see =hoodman-blind.= - -=huff,= to brag, talk big, bluster; freq. _to huff it_. B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. i. 2. 35 (Knowell); Peele, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 2 (end); -_huff_, a specimen of brag, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 391; hence -_huff-cap_, a swaggerer, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); -_attrib._ blustering, swaggering, ‘Half-cap terms’, Bp. Hall, Sat. i. 3. -17. - -=huffecap,= a heady ale; ‘Such headie ale and beere as for the -mightinesse thereof . . . is commonlie called huffecap’, Harrison, Desc. -England, bk. ii, ch. 18; ‘This Huf-cap (as they call it) and _nectar_ of -lyfe’, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (Church-ales); Greene, Looking Glasse, -ii. 3. - -=hugger-mugger,= secretly. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 392; _in -hugger-mugger_, Hamlet, iv. 5. 84; Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 123; -Spenser, Mother Hub. 139. Etymology unknown. It has been suggested that -_hugger-mugger_ may be connected with the Anglo-Irish _cugger-mugger_, -which means whispering, gossiping in a low voice, see Joyce, English as -we speak it in Ireland, p. 243, and Modern Language Review, July, 1912 -(On some Etymologies). - -=hugy,= huge, vast. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503; Dryden, tr. of -Virgil, Aeneid v, 113. - -=huisher,= an ‘usher’, door-keeper of a court, servant of an official, -B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 3. 11; ‘His sergeants or huishers -(_lictores_)’, Holland, Livy, xxiv. 44; _husher_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. -13; _hushier_, Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Induction. F. -_huissier_, deriv. of (_h_)_uis_, door. See Dict. (s.v. Usher). - -=huke,= a cape or cloak, with a hood. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 56; Bacon, -New Atlantis, 1639, p. 24. OF. _huque_. Med. L. _huca_, ‘ricinium quo -scilicet mulieres olim caput operiebant et velabant’ (Ducange). - -=hulched up,= cramped up; ‘I hate to be hulched up in a coach’, -Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 3 (Belinda). - -=hulder,= the name of a kind of wood for arrows; ‘Hulder, black thorne -. . . make holow, starting, studding, gaddynge shaftes’, Ascham, -Toxophilus, p. 124. The MHG. _holder_ (G. _holunder_) means ‘elder’; it -is objected that Ascham mentions ‘elder’ in the same sentence, and this -suggests some difference. The difference may be only in name, according -as the wood is foreign or native. Some say _hulver_ (= holly) is meant; -but I think _holly_ would be praised. - -=hulk,= to disembowel; ‘Hulke hir (which is to open hir and take out hyr -garbage)’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 62; p. 175; Beaumont and Fl., -Philaster, v. 4. 36. In prov. use in E. Anglia for taking out the -entrails of a rabbit, see EDD. (s.v. Hulk, vb.^{3} 1). - -=hull,= to float, to drift, or move on the sea as a ship with the sails -furled, by the action of winds and waves upon the hull. Richard III, iv. -4. 488; Twelfth Night, i. 5. 217; Milton, P. L. xi. 840; Sir T. Browne, -Christian Morals, i. 1 (ed. Greenhill, 161). - -=hum,= a kind of liquor; strong or double ale. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, -i. 1 (Satan); Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, ii. 3 (Belleur). Hence, -_Hum-glass_, a glass for ‘hum’. Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 (Lodam). See -Nares. - -=humblesse,= humility. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 26; i. 12. 8. Anglo-F. -_humblesse_ (Gower). - -=humbling,= rumbling (of wind blasts); Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid (ed. -Arber, 19); buzzing as a bee (ed. Arber, 31). - -=humdrum,= a commonplace fellow; ‘Stand still humdrum’, Butler, -Hudibras, i. 3. 112; ‘A consort for every humdrum’, B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen). - -=humect,= to moisten. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11 (end). L. -_humectare_, _humectus_, wet; _humere_, _umere_, to be wet. - -=humorous,= moist, humid, damp; ‘Every lofty top, which late the -humorous night Bespangled had with pearle’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 214; -‘The humorous night’, Romeo, ii. 1. 31; with play on sense of fanciful, -whimsical, humoursome, L. L. L. iii. 1. 177; moody, ill-humoured, As You -Like It, i. 2. 278. - -=humour;= in ancient and mediaeval physiology, one of the four chief -fluids (blood, phlegm, choler, melancholy) by the relative proportions -of which a man’s physical and mental qualities were supposed to be -determined; hence, mental disposition, temperament, mood. L. L. L. v. 1. -10; Merry Wives, ii. 3. 80. See Schmidt’s Shakespeare-Lexicon (s.v.); -also, B. Jonson’s Every Man in Humour (H. B. Wheatley’s account of the -word in Introduction, pp. xxx-xxxiv). - -=Humphrey;= see =Duke Humphrey.= - -=hunte, hunt,= a hunter, huntsman. Golding, Metam. viii. 359; Gascoigne, -Art of Venerie, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 313; Drant, tr. of Horace, Sat. i. 1 -(NED.). OE. _hunta_, a huntsman (Chron., ann. 1127); hence Hunt as a -proper name. - -=hunt’s-up,= the hunt is up; a tune played to awaken huntsmen. Romeo, -iii. 5. 34; _the hunt is up_, Titus Andron. ii. 2. 1; Fletcher, Bonduca, -ii. 4 (near the end). - -=hurle,= strife, commotion. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 27. ME. -_hurl_, or debate, ‘sedicio’ (Prompt.). See below. - -=hurlwind,= a tempestuous wind. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 8. Cp. the -Cumberland word ‘hurl’ for a tempest, see EDD. (s.v. Hurl, sb.^{3} 11). -ME. _hurle_, rush, noise (of the sea); _hurling_, roaring (Wars Alex.). - -=hurricano,= a hurricane. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, v. 2 (Malefort); a -water-spout, ‘The dreadful spout which shipmen do the hurricano call’, -Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 172. See Dict. (s.v. Hurricane), and Stanford. - -=hurring,= reverberation. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 253. - -=hurry-durry,= boisterous, as rough weather; hence, impatient, -irritable; ‘’Tis a hurry-durry blade’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i. 1 (2 -Sailor). - -=huswife, housewife,= a hussy, a pert girl. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. -Antonius, § 3 (in Shak. Plut., p. 161); ‘Impudent housewife!’ Vanbrugh, -The Confederacy, v. 2 (Gripe). - -=hutch,= to hoard, as in a _hutch_ or chest. Milton, Comus, 719. See -=hooch.= - -=hyaline;= ‘The clear Hyaline, the glassy sea’, Milton, P. L. vii. 619. -Cp. Apoc. iv. 6: θάλασσα ὑαλίνη, ‘a sea of glass like unto crystal.’ - -=hyce, hyse,= to ‘hoist’ up; ‘I hyce up an ancre; I hyse up the sayle’, -Palsgrave. Dutch _hyssen_, ‘to hoise’ (Sewel). See Dict. (s.v. Hoist). - -=hydegy,= a rustic dance. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 264; _hydagy_, id., xxvi. -206. See =hay-de-guy.= - -=hydromancy,= divination by water. Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 2. 16 -(W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D). Gk. ὑδρομαντεία. - -=hydroptic,= dropsical; ‘His hydroptic thoughts’, Lady Alimony, i. 3 -(Timon). [‘Soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst’, Browning, Grammarian’s -Funeral, 95.] Deriv. of Gk. ὕδρωψ, the dropsy. - -=hydrus,= a water-snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. L. _hydrus_; Gk. ὕδρος, a -water-snake. Cp. _hydra_. - -=hyke,= a cry to hounds, to encourage them to the chase; ‘Hyke a Talbot, -Hyke a Bewmont, Hyke, Hyke, to him, to him’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; -p. 112; ‘Hike, hallow, hike’, id., c. 62, p. 175. [Cp. Scott, Quentin -Durward, c. 33.] - -=hyleg= or =hylech;= ‘A Term apply’d by Astrologers to a Planet, or part -of Heaven which in a Man’s Nativity becomes the Moderator and -Significator of his Life’, Phillips, Dict. (1706); Fletcher, Bloody -Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3, 7; B. Jonson, Staple -of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). Pers. (and Turkish) _hailāj_, a calculation -of astrologers, a ‘nativity’. See NED. - -=hypodidascal,= an usher. Shirley, Love Tricks, iii. 5 (Gorgon). Gk. -ὑποδιδάσκαλος, under-master or subordinate teacher. - -=hypostasis,= a sediment, esp. of urine. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 -(Physician); Nabbes, Microcosmus, iv (Phlegm). Gk. ὑπόστασις, lit. that -which stands under; hence, sediment. - - - - - I - - -=iambographer,= a writer of iambic verses. Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, i. 2 -(Montenegro). Gk. ἰαμβογράφος. - -=idlesse, ydlesse,= idleness. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 31; Greene, -Alphonsus, Prol. 11. - -=idol,= a phantom. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxiii. 94; Od. iv. 1074; an -image, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); _idole_, image, reflection, -likeness, Spenser. F. Q. ii. 2. 41. Gk. εἴδωλον, an image, a phantom -(Homer). - -=igniferent,= fire-producing, flaming. Birth of Merlin, iv. 5. 95. L. -_igniferens_. - -=ilke,= an ‘elk’, a wild swan. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 86, where it is -remarked that it is ‘of Hollanders so term’d’. See =elk.= - -=illecebrous,= enticing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; W. -Webbe. Eng. Poetry (ed. Arber, p. 45). From L. _illecebra_, enticement; -_illicere_, to entice. - -=illect,= to entice, allure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 4. -From the pp. stem of _illicere_, to allure. - -=ill-mewed,= kept in confinement without proper attention. Beaumont and -Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3 (Jaques). See =mew= (2). - -=ill-part,= playing an evil part; ‘King John, that ill part personage’, -Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Friar); see NED. (s.v. Ill, iv. 8. B). - -=illustrate,= to render illustrious; ‘Matter to me of glory, whom their -hate Illustrates’, Milton, P. L. v. 739; ‘Good men are the stars, the -planets of the ages wherein they live, and illustrate the times’, B. -Jonson, Discoveries, lxxxvi (p. 751). L. _illustrare_, to make famous. - -=imbibition,= treatment with a liquid, which was absorbed. B. Jonson, -Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). - -=imboss,= to take refuge. Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 130. See below. - -=imbost,= driven to an extremity, like a hunted animal. Beaumont and -Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); exhausted, Drayton, Pol. xiii. -135. See =embost.= - -=imbosture,= embossed ornament, raised work; ‘There nor wants Imbosture -nor embroidery’, Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Rufinus). -See =emboss.= - -=imbrangle,= to confuse, mix up, entangle. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 19. A -Cheshire word: ‘An imbrangled affair’ (EDD.); cp. ‘brangled’, in prov. -use: ‘His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of ’em’ -(Northampton); see EDD. (s.v. Brangle, vb. 2). OF. _branler_, to shake, -brandish (a lance) (Ch. Rol. 3327). - -=imbrayde,= to upbraid. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 3. See -=embraid.= - -=imbroccato,= a pass or thrust in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 -(_or_ 4) (Bobadil); _imbrocatas_, pl., Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). Ital. _imbroccata_, ‘a thrust at fence, or a venie giuen -ouer the dagger’ (Florio); _imbroccare_, to thrust. See =embrocata.= - -=immane,= huge, great in size. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 296; Odyssey, -ix. 268. L. _immanis_. - -=immoment,= of no moment, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 166. - -=imp,= offspring, child. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 47; Hen. V, iv. 1. 45; ‘Thou -most dreaded impe of highest Jove’, Spenser, F. Q., Introd. 3; i. 9. 6; -i. 10. 60; i. 11. 5; ‘The King preferred eighty noble imps to the order -of knighthood’, Stow Annals, 1592 (Trench, Sel. Gl.). The orig. mg. of -_imp_ was a graft, scion, or young shoot. ME. _impe_: ‘of feble trees -ther comen wrecched impes’ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 3146); OE. _impe_, a -shoot, graft; _impian_, to graft. Med. L. _impotus_, a graft (Lex -Salica); Gk. ἔμφυτος, engrafted (N.T. James i. 21). - -=imp,= to engraft new feathers on to a hawk’s wing; to supply it with -new feathers. Richard II, ii. 1. 292; Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the -Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); Rule a Wife, ii. 1. 6. - -=impacable,= unappeasable. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 22; Ruines of Time, -395. L. _pacare_, to appease. - -=impale,= to encircle, as with a pale, to surround. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3; -Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 2. 7; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 308. - -=impassible,= incapable of suffering. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, -c. 24, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 95. Patristic L. _impassibilis_ -(Tertullian). - -=impeach,= to hinder. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 28; Spenser, -Virgil’s Gnat, 576. See =empeach.= - -=impechement,= hindrance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15 (end). -See =empesshement.= - -=imperance,= commanding quality, command. Hero and Leander, iii. 392. L. -_imperare_, to command. - -=impertinent,= not pertinent, irrelevant. Bacon, Essay 26; Tempest i. 2. -138. - -=impeticos,= to pocket. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 27; a burlesque word coined -by the fool; it seems to suggest _petticoat_. - -=implore,= entreaty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 37. - -=imply,= to enfold. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; i. 6. 6; to involve as a -necessary consequence, Pericles, iv. 1. 82. - -=importable,= not to be borne, unendurable. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 35; -Chaucer, C. T. B. 3792. L. _importabilis_, unbearable. - -=importance,= import, meaning. Winter’s Tale, v. 2. 20; a matter that -concerns, Cymb. i. 4. 45; urgent request, ‘At our importance hither is -he come’, King John, ii. 7; Twelfth Nt. v. 371. F. _importance_, -‘importance, moment, value’ (Cotgr.). - -=important,= urgent. Much Ado, ii. 1. 74; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s -Fortune, iv. 1 (Veramour). - -=importune,= grievous, severe. Spenser, F. Q, i. 12. 16; ii. 6. 29; -importunate, Bacon, Essay 9. L. _importunus_, troublesome. - -=imposterous, impostorous,= deceitful, like an impostor. Beaumont and -Fl., Woman-hater, iii. 2 (Duke); Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 3 -(Horsus). - -=impostumation,= a tumour. Bacon, Essay 15, § 14. From _impostume_ -(_imposthume_). - -=impotence,= want of self-restraint, ungovernable passion. Massinger, A -Very Woman, ii. 1 (Antonio). - -=impotent,= unable to restrain oneself, unrestrained. Spenser, F. Q. v. -12. 1; Massinger, Unnatural Combat, iii. 2. 37. L. _impotens_, -powerless. See Trench, Select Glossary (s.v.). - -=imprest,= advance-pay of soldiers or sailors. Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, i. 1 (L. Mayor); _imprest money_, money advanced, a loan, B. -Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). Ital. _impresto_, a loan; -_imprestare_, to lend (Florio). - -=improperation,= a reproach, a taunt. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, -§ 3. Deriv. of Late L. _improperare_, to reproach (Vulgate, Rom. xv. 3). - -=improve,= to use for advantage, to turn to account. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. -159. - -=improved,= approved. Middleton, The Widow, i. 1 (Brandino). - -=impuissance,= want of power, weakness. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -92). - -=in;= _in-and-in_, a gambling game for three persons, with four dice; -_in-and-in_ was when there were two doublets, or all four dice alike, -which swept all the stakes. B. Jonson, New Inn, Bat Burst, an -_in-and-in_ man, i.e. a professed gambler. See Halliwell. _In by the -week_, (?) prepared to go on for a week, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2. -4. _In dock, out nettle_, a popular charm, said when rubbing a dock-leaf -on the skin, to remove the effects of a sting by a nettle. Hence applied -to a change from pain to joy, or to any exhibition of inconstancy or -unsteadiness (Nares). Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3. 8; Heywood, English -Proverbs, 54, 133. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Nettle). ME. _Netle in, -dokke out_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 461). See Skeat, Early English -Proverbs, § 187. - -=incarnadine,= to dye red. Macbeth, ii. 2. 62. _Incarnadine_ = F. -_incarnadin_; Ital. _incarnadino_, carnation colour (Florio); lit. -flesh-colour, deriv. of _carne_, flesh. - -†=incartata,= an (assumed) term in fencing. Pl. _incartata’s_, Nabbes, -Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Nabbes explains it as being one of the -‘terms in our dialect to puzzle desperate ignorance’. - -=incend,= to heat; to inflame, incite. _Incended_, heated, Sir T. Elyot, -Castel of Helth, bk. iii, c. 3; Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § last but one. -L. _incendere_, to set on fire. - -=incense,= to ‘insense’, to make to understand. Hen. VIII, v. 1. 43. ‘To -insense’ (also written ‘incense’) is in gen. prov. use in the sense of -‘to cause to understand, to explain’ in Scotland and Ireland, also in -England, from the north to Somerset and Cornwall; see EDD. Anglo-F. -_ensenser_, to inspire, persuade (Gower). - -=incentive,= enkindling; ‘Incentive reed . . . pernicious with one touch -to fire’ (i.e. the gunner’s match), Milton, P. L. vi. 519. - -=inceration,= a bringing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). Deriv. of L. _cera_, wax. Cp. =ceration.= - -=inchoation,= beginning. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 62, 92). L. -_inchoatio_, beginning (Vulgate, Heb. vi. 1); deriv. of _inchoare_, to -begin. - -=inchpin,= a name among huntsmen for the sweetbread of a deer; by some -explained as ‘the lower gut’, so Cotgrave (s.v. _Boyau_); Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, i. 219; ‘The sweete gut which some call the Inchpinne’, -Turbervile, Hunting, 134; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Robin). - -=incision,= blood-letting. _To make incision_, to let blood, in order to -cure, As You Like It, iii. 2. 75; gallants were in the habit of stabbing -their arms, to prove their love for a mistress, Merchant of Venice, ii. -1. 6. - -=incomber,= an ‘encumber’, an encumbrance on an estate, a mortgage; -‘Raves hee for bonds and incombers’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play -(Lurchall’s last speech), Works, iii. 358. - -=income,= an entrance-fee. Latimer, Seven Sermons before Edw. VI (ed. -Arber, p. 50); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Mugeron); a coming in, -arrival, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvii. 482. - -=incompared,= incomparable, matchless. Spenser, Verses to Sir F. -Walsingham, l. 1. - -=incontinent,= immediately. Richard II, v. 6. 48; Othello, iv. 3. 12. F. -_incontinent_, ‘incontinently, immediately’ (Cotgr.). Late L. _in -continenti_ (_tempore_), in continuous time, without interval -(Tertullian); see Rönsch. - -=incontinently,= immediately. Othello, i. 3. 306. - -=incony,= fine, delicate, pretty; ‘My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my -in-conie Jew’, L. L. L. iii. 1. 136; iv. 1. 144; ‘Thy incony lap’, -Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (_or_ 6). A cant word, prevalent about -1600, of doubtful meaning and of unascertained origin. - -=increable,= incredible. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 140. 9; lf. 150, -back, 6. OF. _increable_ (F. _incroyable_), incredible. - -=indagation,= investigation. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxiv. L. -_indagatio_ (Cicero). - -=inde,= blue; see =ynde.= - -=indeniz’d into,= made to dwell in another body, metamorphosed into; -‘The perverse and peevish Are next indeniz’d into wrinkled apes’, -Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 3. 23; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 172. Short -for _endenizen’d_. - -=indent,= to bargain. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 87. Lit. to make an indenture or -covenant; an indenture being so called because duplicate deeds were cut -with notched edges to fit one another. Med. L. _indentare_, ‘dente -infringere, occare’ (Ducange); Law L. _indentare_, to indent. - -=indifferent,= impartial. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 1; v. 9. 36. - -=indigne,= unworthy, undeserving. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 30. F. -_indigne_. - -=indignify,= to treat with indignity, to scorn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. -30; Colin Clout, 583. - -=induction,= a bringing in; ‘The solemne induction of the Arke into the -oracle’, BIBLE, 2 Chron. v (contents); initial step in an undertaking, 1 -Hen. IV, iii. 1. 2. L. _inductio_, an introduction, leading into -(Cicero). - -=indue,= to clothe, used _fig._: ‘Untill ye be indued with power from on -high’ (quoadusque induamini virtutem ex alto), BIBLE, Luke xxiv. 49. L. -_induo_, to put on an article of dress. - -=indue,= to endow. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Two Gent. v. 4. 153; _indued -unto_, endowed with qualities suited to, Hamlet, iv. 7. 180; _indues -to_, brings to, Othello, iii. 4. 146. See =endue.= - -=indurance;= see =endurance.= - -=inew;= see =enew.= - -=infame,= to accuse as being infamous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, -c. 7, § 10. _Infamed_, branded with infamy, Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. Med. -L. _infamare_, ‘accusare, criminari’ (Ducange). - -=infamous,= ill-spoken of, of ill report. Milton, Comus, 424; deserving -of infamy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 27. - -=infant,= a youth of noble or gentle birth. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 25 -(used of ‘a young knight’ of Prince Arthur); vi. 8. 25 (used of Prince -Arthur). OF. _enfant_, a young aspirant to knightly honours (Ch. Rol. -3196). Cp. the use of ‘Childe’ for a youth trained to arms, in Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 8. 7 (see Glossary, ed. C. P.). - -=infarce,= to stuff, cram full. Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Helth, bk. iii, -c. 1; id., Governour, bk. i, c. 3 (end). L. _infarcire_, to stuff. - -=infausting,= a bringing of ill-luck. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -179). From L. _infaustus_, unlucky. - -=infer,= to bring upon, inflict. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 31; to bring -about, Richard III, iv. 4. 343. L. _inferre_, to bring upon. - -=infude,= to infuse. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 23, § 2; see -Croft’s note, ii. 351. - -=infuse,= infusion. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 47. - -=ingate,= entrance, ingress. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. -650, l. 22; Ruines of Time, 47. In prov. use in the north country -(EDD.). See =gate.= - -=ingenerate,= begotten; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, bk. xviii. 323; -implanted, Sir T. Elyet, Governour, bk. i, ch. 20, § 1. L. -_ingeneratus_, inborn, implanted. - -=ingenious,= ingenuous. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Duchess). -Conversely, _ingenuously_ = ingeniously, id., Devil’s Law-case, i. 1 -(Contarino). - -=ingine, ingene,= ingenuity, quickness of intellect. B. Jonson, Tale of -a Tub, v. 2 (Tub); Every Man, v. 3 (_or_ 1) (Clement). ‘Ingine’ is the -usual Scottish form (EDD.). See =enginous.= - -=ingle,= a favourite boy, an intimate associate, darling. B. Jonson, -Sil. Woman, i. 1 (Truewit); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Viola). A -Gloucestershire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ingle, sb.^{2} 1). - -=ingle,= to wheedle, coax. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2 -(Imperia). - -=ingram,= ignorant. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1 -(Shorthose); Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 397; Bullein’s Dialogue, 5 (Halliwell); ‘An ingrame, -_ignarus_’, Levins, Manipulus. A Northumberland word (EDD.). - -=ingurgitation,= a gluttonous swallowing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i, c. 11, § last; id., bk. iii, c. 22, § 2. Late L. _ingurgitatio_, -immoderate eating and drinking; L. _gurges_, an abyss, used _fig._ of an -insatiable craving (Cicero). - -=inhabitable,= uninhabitable. Richard II, i. 1. 65; Puttenham, Eng. -Poesie, bk. iii, c. 22; p. 266. F. _inhabitable_, ‘unhabitable’ -(Cotgr.). L. _inhabitabilis_, not habitable (Cicero). - -=inhabited,= not dwelt in, uninhabited. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, iii. -1 (Thierry). F. _inhabité_, uninhabited (Cotgr.). - -=inholder,= a tenant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. Not found elsewhere. - -=iniquity;= see =vice.= - -=injury,= to injure. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (near the end); -Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iii. 2 (Tailby); to abuse with words, ‘We -freely give our souldiers libertie to . . . injurie him with all manner -of reproaches’, Florio, Montaigne, I. xlvii. F. _injurier_ (Montaigne). - -=inkle,= a kind of tape. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 208; also _incle_, Shirley, -Gamester, iv. 1 (Page). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Inkle, sb.^{1}) . - -=inlawed,= brought under the protection of the law. Bacon, Henry VII -(ed. Lumby, p. 16). - -=inleck,= a leak in a ship, letting water in. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -i. 560. OE. _hlec_, leaky. Not found elsewhere. - -=inly,= inward. Two Gent. ii. 7. 18; _inly_, inwardly, Temp. v. 200; -intimately, deeply. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 38. - -=inmew;= in Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 2 (Miranda): ‘As if a -Falcon . . . at his pitch inmew the Town below him.’ Probably a misprint -for _innew_, a spelling of =enew,= q.v. - -=inn,= a dwelling-place, abode, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 33; iii. 3 -30; vi. iii. 29. ME. _in_, dwelling (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3622). OE. _inn_, -‘domus’ (Matt. xiii. 36). - -=innocent,= a fool, idiot. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 98); Fletcher, -Rule a Wife, iii. 1. 14. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). - -=inquest,= a quest, search. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 4. - -=inquisition,= inquiry, search. Temp. i. 2. 35; ‘Inquisycion for -bloode’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. ix. 12. L. _inquisitio_, a judicial -inquiry (Vulgate, Acts xii. 19). - -=in-same,= together, in company, in late use, a mere expletive; ‘Lo! my -top I drive in-same’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 245; ‘I -am seemly-shapen in-same’; id. 247. ME. _samen_, together (Ormulum, -377); _in same_, together (used as an expletive), see Wars Alex. 2646. - -=insecution,= close pursuit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 524; xxiii. 448. -Late L. _insecutio_, ‘persecutio’ (Ducange). - -=insense;= see =incense.= - -=insignement,= teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. -12, § 5. See =enseignement.= - -=insolence,= originality of genius (of a poet); ‘Being filled with -furious insolence’, Spenser, Colin Clout, 619. See Trench, Sel. Gl. 150. - -=insolent,= unusual, original; ‘Most loftie, insolent, and passionate’, -Puttenham. Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 31; p. 77. L. _insolens_, unusual. - -=instance,= urgency; ‘With all instance and supplicacion’ (= Vulgate, -_in omni instantia et obsecratione_), Tyndale, Eph. vi. 18). F. -_instance_, urgency (Cotgr.). - -=instance,= something which urges or impels, a motive, cause. Richard -III, iii. 2. 25; All’s Well, iv. 1. 44. Late L. _instantia_, urgency. - -=instant,= urgent, persevering. BIBLE, Rom. xii. 12 (AV.); _instantly_, -urgently, earnestly, Luke vii. 4 (Tyndale and AV.). L. _instans_, -persevering (Vulgate, Acts vi. 4). - -=instate,= to endow. Measure for M. v. 1. 429; _instate to_, make over -to, Dekker and Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (O. Thorney). - -=instaure,= to renew, repair. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Jacomo). L. -_instaurare_, to renew (Vulgate, Eph. i. 10). - -=instinction,= instigation, inspiration. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -ch. 13, § 4; natural impulse, instinct, id., bk. iii, ch. 3, § 5. Deriv. -of L. _instinctus_, instigated, pp. of _instinguere_. - -=instop,= to stop up or fill up the seams of a ship. Dryden, Annus -Mirabilis, st. 147. Du. _instoppen_, to cram in (Sewel). - -=intend,= to stretch or shoot out (of a dragon’s sting). Spenser, F. Q. -i. 11. 38. L. _intendere_. - -=intend,= to attend to; ‘(When Augustus was at the games) he did nothing -else but intend the same’, Holland, tr. Suetonius. 60 (Trench, Sel. Gl. -151); ‘Every man profiteth in that he most intendeth’, Bacon, Essay 29; -Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce); Massinger, Emperor of the -East, i. 2 (Pulcheria). - -=intendiment,= understanding. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 32; Teares of the -Muses, 144. Med. L. _intendimentum_, ‘mens, intelligentia’, _intendere_, -‘intelligere’ (Ducange). - -=interesse,= the being concerned or having part in the possession of -anything; ‘interest’, title, or claim; ‘The right title and interesse -that they have’, Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 2, § 5; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 33; -interest on money, Hen. VIII, Instruct. Orator (NED.). Anglo-F. -_interesse_, A.D. 1388 (NED.); Med. L. _interesse_, ‘usura, foenus, quod -ultra sortem solvitur, vel quod quanti alicujus interest’ (Ducange); -subst. use of L. _interesse_, to be between, to be of importance. - -=interessed,= _pp._, interested; ‘(They) were commonly interessed -therein themselves for their own ends’, Bacon, Essay 3 (end); ‘The -heathens . . . were nothing interessed in that dispute’, Dryden, Pref. -Religio Laici (ed. Christie, Clar. Press, p. 123); Massinger, Duke of -Milan, i. 1; spelt _interest_, invested with a right or share, King -Lear, i. 1. 87. - -=interest,= to invest a person with a share in, or title to something; -‘Aurora ravish’d him . . . And interested him amongst the Gods’, -Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xv. 326. - -=interlunar,= between two moons; with reference to the period between -the waning of the old and the waxing of the new moon; ‘Silent as the -moon . . . Hid in her vacant interlunar cave’, Milton, Samson, 89. L. -_lunaris_, relating to the moon. - -=intrince,= intricate, entangled. King Lear, ii. 2. 81; short for -_intrinsicate_, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 307. Deriv. of L. _intrinsecus_, -inwardly. - -=intuse,= a bruise. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 33. L. _intusus_, pp. of -_intundere_, to bruise. - -=inundant,= inundating, overflowing. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. v -(Generous), vol. iv, p. 252, l. 4. L. _inundare_, to inundate. - -=invect,= to inveigh. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 3 (M. -Tullius). Cp. L. _invectio_, an attacking with words, deriv. of -_invehere_, to inveigh against. - -=invent,= to find. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 10; v. 11. 50. - -=invest,= to enwrap, to enfold; ‘While night Invests the sea’, Milton, -P. L. i. 208; iii. 10; vii. 372; to put on, to don, Spenser, F. Q. iv. -5. 18. L _investire_, to clothe. - -=investion,= investiture. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (near the end). - -=invinced,= unconquered; never before conquered. Heywood, Silver Age, A -iii (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 131. L. _vincere_, to conquer. Only found -in Heywood’s writings. - -=invious,= pathless, trackless. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 386. Cp. L. _invius_; -from _via_, a way. - -=inward,= intimate, confidential; ‘Inward Counsellours’, Bacon, Essays, -20, § 4; Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Mendoza); an intimate acquaintance, -‘I was an inward of his’, Measure for M. iii. 2. 138. - -†=iper,= a kind of fish, of small value; ‘Amongst fishes, a poor iper’, -Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). Only in this passage. - -=Irish,= an old game resembling backgammon. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, v. 4 (Lady); the Irish game, Shirley, St. Patrick (Epilogue). See -Cotton’s Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 109. - -=irous,= wrathful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1. Anglo-F. -_irous_ (Gower); from L. _ira_, anger. - -†=irpes= (?). ‘From Spanish shrugs, French faces, smirks, irpes, and all -affected humours, Good Mercury defend us’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -v. 3 (_Palinode_). - -=Isgrim,= the name of the wolf in the story of Reynard the Fox. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert). _Isegrim_ in Caxton’s version; -_Isengrijn_ in Willem’s Low German poem; _Ysegrim_ in Leeu’s Low German -prose version; see Caxton’s Reynard (ed. Arber, p. ix). - -=island,= a shock-dog, rough dog; lit. ‘Iceland dog’, Shirley, Hyde -Park, i. 2 (Mis. Car.); ‘Her Iceland cur’, Massinger, The Picture, v. 1 -(Ubaldo). - -†=iulan,= of the first growth of the beard; ‘Iulan down’, Middleton, The -Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero). Gk. ἴουλος, the first growth of the -beard. Not found elsewhere. - -=ivybush,= the bush of ivy hung out as a vintner’s sign. Earle, -Microcosmographie, § 12; ed. Arber, p. 33. The same as _bush_ in As You -Like It (Epilogue). - -=iwis, ywis,= (often written _I wis_), certainly, assuredly. Tam. Shrew, -i. 1. 62; Richard III, i. 3. 102; _ywis_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 19; -_i-wusse_, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); _wusse_, id., Devil an -Ass, i. 3 (Fitz). ME. _iwis_, certainly, truly (Chaucer, Compleint, 48); -OE. _gewiss_, certain. - - - - - J - - -=Jack,= a lad, fellow, chap, a young knave. Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 290; -Middleton, Women beware, i. 2 (Ward); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, v. -1 (Sir Harry); a Knave in Cards, Cotton, Complete Gamester, ix; figure -of a man striking the bell on the outside of a clock, Richard III, iv. -2. 117; also, _Jack o’ the clock_, Richard II, v. 5. 60; _Jack i’ the -clock-house_, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 5. 3; _jack_, the piece of -wood with a quill for plucking the strings of the ‘virginal’, Shaks., -Sonnet 128; _Jack o’ Bethleem_, see =bedlam;= _Jack in box_, one who -deceived tradesmen by substituting empty boxes for boxes full of money, -Middleton, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song), see Dyce, iv. 164; -_Jack-a-Lent_, a small stuffed puppet thrown at during Lent; a butt, -Merry Wives, iii. 3. 27; v. 5. 134; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 4 -(Rowland). - -=jack,= a coat of quilted or plated leather, a coat of defence. Drayton, -Pol. xxii. 166; ‘His golden-plated Iacke’, Twyne, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid -x, 314. - -=jack,= a drinking-measure, pot; said to contain half a pint. Taming -Shrew, iv. 1. 51; Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 10. - -=jackman;= see =jarkman.= - -=jack merlin,= a male merlin or hawk. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s -Fortune, v. 1. 13. - -=Jacob’s staff;= ‘A pilgrim’s staff, so called from those who go on -pilgrimage to the city of St. Iago, or St. James Compostella in Spain’, -Blount, Glossographia; with reference to Gen. xxxii. 10, Spenser, F. Q. -i. 6. 35; a cross-staff, an instrument for measuring heights and -distances, Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Techelles); Beaumont and Fl., -Elder Brother, ii. 1 (Brisac); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 786; used by -astrologers and astronomers, Marmyon’s Fine Companion (Nares). - -=jaculation,= a hurling. Milton, P. L. vi. 665. L. _jaculatio_. - -=jade,= to over-drive, to pursue to weariness; ‘It is a dull thing to -tire, and, as we say, to _Iade_ anything too farre’, Bacon, Essay 32; -‘The ne’er-yet beaten horse of Parthia We have jaded out o’ th’ field’, -Ant. and Cl. iii. 1. 34. From ‘jade’, a contemptuous term for a horse; -Scot. _jaud_; Norm. F. *_jaude_, Icel. _jalda_, a mare; cp. Scot. -_yaud_, an old worn-out horse, see EDD. (s.v. Jade). - -=jambeux,= leggings, armour for the legs. Dryden, Palamon and Arc., iii. -35; spelt _giambeux_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME. _jambeux_ (Chaucer, -C. T. B. 2065). See Dict. (s.v. Jamb). - -=Jane,= a small silver coin of Genoa, introduced into England in -Chaucer’s time. Phr. _many a Jane_ (i.e. much money), Spenser, F. Q. -iii. 7. 58 (borrowed from Chaucer, C. T. B. 1925). OF. _Janne_(_s_, -Genoa. - -=jane,= a twilled cotton cloth, a kind of fustian, ‘jean’; ‘Jane -judgments’, coarse, common judgments, Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 8. -Named from Genoa. - -=jant,= to over-tire a horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 87. 3; _jaunt_, -Cotgrave (s.v. Jancer). See =jaunce.= - -=jant,= smart, showy; ‘To Smeton . . . Where were dainty ducks, and jant -ones’, Brathwaite, Drunken Barnaby, 119. - -=janty, jaunty,= genteel, elegant, stylish; _janty_, Parson’s Wedding, -i. 3 (Sad); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xiv. 401 (but spelt _ganty_ in ed. -1663); _jantee_, Shadwell, Timon (epilogue). Anglicized phonetic -representation of F. _gentil_, see NED. (s.v. Jaunty). - -=jape,= to jest, joke. Berners, Froissart, I, ccxxxiii. 324; ‘I dyd but -jape with hym’, Palsgrave; a merry tale, a jest, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. iii, ch. 29, § 2; Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 31. ME. _jape_, -vb. (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1699; sb. C. T. A. 4201). Cp. O. Prov. _gap_, -‘plaisanterie, raillerie’ (Levy). - -=jar,= to grate; hence, to quarrel, dispute; ‘We will not jar’, Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Barabas); _jarre_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 105; l. 16. - -=jar,= a grating noise; the tick of a clock; also, a quarrel, dispute; -‘A jar of the clock’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 43; ‘fallen at jars’, 2 Hen. VI, -i. 1. 253. - -=jarkman,= an educated beggar. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1.4; -‘A Ia[r]ckeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake latin; -he vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and sets -to Seales, in their language called Iarkes’, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 5. -Spelt _Jackman_, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (first stage -direction). - -=jasp,= a jasper. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 11. ME. _jasp_ -(Wyclif, Isaiah liv. 12), OF. _jaspe_. L. _iaspis_. Gk. ἴασπις. - -=jaum,= to ‘jam’, press, squeeze; to be hard upon, to jeer at. Heywood, -Witches of Lancs., A. i (near the end); vol. iv, p. 186. In prov. use in -Yorks. and Lincoln, meaning ‘to squeeze’; see EDD. (s.v. Jam). - -=jaunce,= to stir a horse, to make him prance, used _fig._ Richard II, -v. 5. 94; a weary journey, Rom. and Jul. ii. 5. 53; _geances_, -troublesome journeys, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). ‘Jaunce’ -is in use in Sussex for a weary or tiring journey, see EDD. (s.v. -Jance). F. _jancer un cheval_, ‘to stirre a horse in the stable till he -sweat with-all, or as our _jaunt_’ (Cotgr.). See NED. - -=jaunt;= see =jant.= - -=jaunts= (?); ‘You lead me fair jaunts, sir’, Middleton, Mich. Term, -iii. 5 (Shortyard). Perhaps the same word as _jaunce_, taken as a -plural; from _jaunts_ thus evolved would come our _jaunt_. If this -explanation be correct, Middleton’s word would mean ‘troublesome -journeys’. - -=javel,= a low fellow; ‘He called the fellow ribbalde, villaine, javel’, -Robynson, tr. More’s Utopia, 46; Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 309; Appius -and Virginia, Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 150; _javill_, Roper’s Life of Sir -Thos. More (in Robynson’s Utopia, p. lv). ME. _javel_, ‘joppus, joppa’ -(Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1097). - -=jawme,= a ‘jamb’, side post of a door-way. Spelt _jame_, Golding, -Metam. xii. 281; fol. 146, bk. (1603); _jawme_, id. (1593). ‘Jawm’ -(‘Jaum’) is still the prov. form in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Jamb). F. _jambe_, ‘the leg, the jaumbe or side-post of a door’ -(Cotgr.). - -=jawn,= a chine, fissure, chasm. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1 -(Pandulfo). See =chawne.= - -=jerk,= to scourge, whip, lash; ‘_Fouetter_, to scourge, yerke, or -jerke’, Cotgrave; a sharp stroke with a whip, Randolph, Muses’ -Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Hence _jerker_, one who lashes severely; -Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 3. See =yerk.= - -=jernie,= to utter a profane oath; ‘Although he jernie and blaspheme’, -Butler, On our Imitation of the French (near the end); Remains (ed. -1759, i. 84); see NED. F. _jerni_ (_jarni_), for _jarnidieu_, i.e. _je -renie Dieu_, I renounce God. See Cotgrave (s.v. _Jarnigoy_). - -=jert,= to use a whip. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, viii. 52. See EDD. - -=jest,= a deed, action; ‘A worthy jest’, Wounds of Civil War, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 186; ‘in this jest’, in this action, Downfall of -E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Robin); in Hazlitt, viii. 114. See =gest=(=e==.= - -=jet,= to fling about the body, to strut about, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 36; -‘I jette, _Je me jamboye_’, Palsgrave. ‘Jet’ in this sense is a -Warwicksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Jet, 4). F. _jetter_ (_jecter_), to -throw (Cotgr.). - -=jet upon,= to encroach upon, Richard III, ii. 4. 51; Titus Andron. ii. -1. 64. - -=jetty,= to move about briskly. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1. - -=Jew’s ear,= an edible cup-shaped fungus, growing on roots and trunks of -trees, _Hirneola_ or _Exidia Auricula-Judæ_. Heywood, Witches of Lancs, -iii (Joan), in Wks. iv. 207; ‘Jew’s eares . . . an excrescence about the -roots of Elder, and concerneth not the Nation of the Jews, but Judas -Iscariot, upon a conceit, he hanged on this tree’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar -Errors, ii. 7. 8 (Pseud. Ep. ii. 6. 101, NED.). See Nares. - -=jib-crack,= a ‘gimcrack’. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 7. - -=jiggumbob,= a trifle, toy, knick-knack, thing of slight value. -_Jiggembobs_, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Fabricio); -_jigambob_, Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 1. 14; _jiggumbobs_, Butler, Hud. -iii. 1. 108. - -=jigmaker,= a ballad-writer. Hamlet, iii. 2. 131. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. I, i. 1 (end). - -=jimmal-ring,= a double ring (sometimes a treble ring), the rings being -linked by a hinge. The _jimmall-ring_, or True-love-knot, Herrick. See -=gimmal.= - -=job,= to stab slightly, to peck. Tusser, Husbandry, § 37. 12. In prov. -use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. _jobbyn_: ‘byllen or iobbyn as -bryddys, iobbyn with the byl’ (Prompt.). - -=jobbernowl,= a jocular term for the head, usually connoting stupidity. -Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 815; Marston, Scourge of Villanie, ii. 6. 200; a -stupid person, a blockhead, ‘_Teste de bœuf_, a joult-head, jobbernoll, -cod’s-head, logger-head, one whose wit is as little as his head is -great’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in both senses in the north country and -E. Anglia (EDD.). - -=job-nut,= the name of a childish game, in which hazel-nuts are -perforated and strung through, in order to be knocked against each -other. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). See NED. (s.v. _Job_, sb. (3)). - -=John Dory.= The name of a popular song, ab. 1609; ‘I’ll have John -Dorrie! For to that warlike tune I will be open’d’, Fletcher, The -Chances, iii. 2 (Antonio). The legend is, that he was a commander of a -French privateer, who undertook to take English prisoners to Paris, but -was himself captured in the attempt; ‘Would I had gone to Paris with -John Dory’ (ironical), Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 -(Humphrey). See Nares. - -=jointer,= joint-possessor. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1366); scene -10. 8 (W.); p. 170, col. 1. - -=jollyhead,= jollity, mirth. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 32. - -=jouissance,= pleasure, merriment, mirth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 25; -Nov., 2. F. _jouissance_, an enjoying (Cotgr.). - -=journall,= daily. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 31; Cymb. iv. 2. 10. F. -_journal_, ‘journal, daily’ (Cotgr.). L. _diurnalis_ (Ducange). - -=jovy,= ‘jovial’, merry. Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii 1 -(Mirabel); B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 3 (Kastril). - -=jowl, joll,= to strike, knock, esp. the head. As You Like It, i. 3. 59; -Hamlet, v. 1. 84; ‘_I jolle_ one aboute the eares’, Palsgrave. Beaumont -and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1. In prov. use in many parts of England -from Lakeland to E. Anglia (EDD.). Deriv. of ME. ‘_jolle_ or heed, -_caput_’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1112). - -=judge,= the name of the rook or castle in the game of chess. Only in -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20. Fitzherbert’s rendering of -_justitiarius_, the name applied to the rook in a Latin treatise on -chess (_c._ 1400 A.D.). See NED. - -=judgement,= a competent critic, a judge. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 208; Dryden, -Prol. to Secret Love, 45; Epil. to Evening Love, 3. - -=Jug,= a familiar substitution for the female name of Joan; ‘_Clown_ [to -_Joan_], Bring him away, _Jug_! Enter _Joan_, with a fish’, Rowley, A -Woman never vext, i. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 115. In Espinasse’s -Lancashire Worthies Joan, the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Byrom, is -familiarly called ‘Jugg’. See Bardsley’s English Surnames, p. 49 (note). -This familiar name was applied to a homely woman, a maid-servant, the -sweetheart of a peasant, King Lear, i. 4. 247; ‘A soldier and his jug’, -A Knack to know a Knave (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511); Preston, K. -Cambises (Davies, Gl.). - -=jugal,= conjugal, matrimonial; ‘The jugal knot’, Middleton, A Fair -Quarrel, ii. 2 (Jane). Cp. L. _vinclum jugale_ (Virgil). - -=julio,= an Italian coin worth about sixpence. Webster, White Devil -(Monticelso), ed. Dyce, p. 23; Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Frapolo). Ital. -_giulio_, named after Pope Julius II (1503-13); a coin by Julius the -Pope worth sixpence sterling (Florio). - -=jument,= a beast; properly a beast of burden. Cartwright, The Ordinary, -ii. 1 (Slicer). OF. _jument_, a beast of burden; a mare (Cotgr.). L. -_jumentum_, a yoke-beast. - -=jump,= a kind of short coat for men; ‘Your velvet jumps’, Wycherley, -Gent. Dancing-master, Epilogue, 33. In prov. use in various parts of -England meaning a loose jacket, a child’s frock, also, a kind of stays, -open in front (EDD.). - -=jump,= to hazard, risk, Macbeth, i. 7. 7; Cymbeline, v. 4. 187; hence -_jump_, hazard, venture, Ant. and Cl. iii. 8. 6. - -=jump with,= to agree, tally, coincide with, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 32; -Taming Shrew, i. 1. 194; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 78; hence, _jump_, exactly, -precisely, Hamlet, i. 1. 65; Othello, ii. 3. 392. In prov. use both as -vb. and adv. (EDD.). - -=juppon,= a close-fitting doublet worn under a hauberk. Dryden, Palamon, -iii. 28. F. _jupon_, a short cassock (Cotgr.). - -=justle,= to ‘jostle’. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 129. - -=jut, jutt,= to jolt, bump, knock, push. Earle, Microcosmographie, no. -39, Plausible Man; _jutte_, a bump, push, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. -3. 8. In use in Yorks, Notts, and Linc. (EDD.). - -=jutty,= to project beyond, to overhang. Hen. V, iii. 1. 13; ‘Let their -eie-browes juttie over’, Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12 a (Appendix, D. -138); ed. Schick, p. 121; the projecting part of a wall or building, -Macbeth, i. 6. 6. Compare the Glouc. word ‘jetty’, to protrude (EDD.). - - - - - K - - -=ka,= for _quo’_ (_quoth_, _quotha_); ‘Enamoured ka? mary sir say that -againe’, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek); Peele, Old Wives Tale -(ed. Dyce, 455); Penry, Mar-Prelate’s Epitome, 21 (EDD.). In prov. use -in Durham, Cumberland, Suffolk (EDD.). Also, _ko_, ‘I feare him not, Ko -she’, Roister Doister, iii. 3. - -=kaa me, kaa thee,= i.e. do me a good turn, and I will do thee the same. -Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (_or_ 3) (Quicksilver); Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1 -(Goldwire). So in Scotland they say ‘Kae me and I’ll kae thee’, in -Northumberland ‘Kaa me, kaa thee’, or, ‘Kaa mee an aa’ll kaa thee’; ‘Ka -me and I’ll ka thee, _Serva me, servabo te_’, Coles, Dict. (1679). See -Nares. Cp. the phr. ‘Claw me, claw thee’ used in the same sense. - -=kad,= to caw. Chapman, All Fools, iii. 1 (Valerio). - -=kails, keils,= nine-pins; ‘A game called nine-pins, or keils’, B. -Jonson, Chloridia (Antimasque). Du. _kegel_, a pin, kail. - -=kam,= crooked, awry. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 304. Welsh _cam_, crooked; -Irish _cam_ (Dinneen). See =kim-kam.= - -=karl hemp,= the male hemp. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 24; also called -_churl hemp_, Fitzherbert, Husb., § 146. 28. See =carl.= - -=karne,= a ‘kern’, a foot-soldier. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, -8. Irish _ceatharnach_, a foot-soldier, deriv. of _ceatharn_, a band of -fighting men (Dinneen). See =keteryng.= - -=katexoken,= for _kat’exochēn_, super-eminently. Massinger, Guardian, -iii. 1. 7. Gk. κατ’ ἐξοχήν, by way of eminence. - -=keak, keke,= to cackle as a goose; ‘The silver Gander keaking cried’, -Phaer, Aeneid viii, 655; ‘Theves . . . had stolne Jupiter, had a gouse -not a kekede’, Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. Arber, 130). Cp. _Kek, kek!_, the -cry of the goose and duck, in Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 499. - -=kecksies,= hemlocks, ‘kexes’. Hen. V, v. 2. 52 (printed _kecksyes_). -See Dict. (s.v. Kex). - -=keech,= a lump of congealed fat. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55. In _fig._ use, ‘I -wonder that such a Keech can . . . Take up the Rayes o’ th’ beneficiall -Sun’, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 55; ‘Did not goodwife Keech the Butcher’s wife -come in?’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101. ‘Keech’ for a lump of chandler’s fat -is in common prov. use in Warwickshire, the west Midlands, and Somerset -(EDD.). - -=keel,= to cool, to cool by skimming or otherwise. L. L. L. v. 2. 930; -spelt _kele_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 246, back; _keele_, Palsgrave. -In prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Keel, vb.^{3} 1). ME. _kelyn_, to make cold, to wax cold (Prompt. EETS. -252, see note, no. 1184); OE. _cēlan_, deriv. of _cōl_, cool. - -=keep cut;= See =cut= (3). - -=keep,= heed, care. Phr. _take thou no keep_, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. -iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 85; Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 40. ME. _tak keep_, -take heed (Chaucer, C. T. D. 431). - -=keight,= caught. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 30; v. 6. 39. - -=keiser,= emperor. Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 1 (Memnon); _kesar_, -Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 570; _keysar_, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. -Dyce, p. 498. Du. _keyser_ (Hexham); cp. G. _Kaiser_; L. _Caesar_. - -=keke;= see =keak.= - -=kell,= the fatty membrane investing the intestines, the caul. Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 35; a cocoon, an enveloping web, B. Jonson, -Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Alken); Drayton, Pol. iii. 120; the film formed by -gossamer-threads on the grass, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 54; Turbervile -Hunting, 76. Cp. ‘kell’ in prov. use, meaning the caul, a cap of -network, a film on the eye, &c. (EDD.). ME. _kelle_, ‘reticulum’ -(Prompt. EETS. 246, see note, no. 1149). - -=kell,= a kiln. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 51. A Suffolk form, see EDD. -(s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Cp. =kill.= - -=kemb,= to comb. B. Jonson, Catiline, Act i, chorus, 31; Marlowe, tr. of -Ovid’s Elegies, i. 7 (last line). In prov. use in Scotland, and in -Yorks. and Lanc. (EDD.). ME. _kembe_, to comb (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2142); -OE. _cemban_; _camb_, a comb. - -=kemlin,= a large tub used in bread-making, salting meat, &c. Coles, -Dict. (s.v. Kimnel); _kemelin_, Levins, Manip. A north-country word -(EDD.). ME. _kymlyn_, ‘or kelare’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, _kemelyn_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 3548). See =kimnel.= - -=kempe, kemp,= a warrior, champion. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 31; bk. vii, -c. 8. OE. _cempa_; Med. L. _campio_ (Ducange), from _campus_, field of -battle; ME. _kemp_(_e_, a warrior, soldier (Wars Alex. 2216, 5499); OE. -_cempa_, ‘miles’ (Matt. viii. 9, Rushworth MS.). See Schade (s.v. -Camphjo). - -=ken,= a house (Cant); ‘A boor’s ken’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 -(Ferret). Hence also _libkin_ or _lib ken_, _stalling ken_. See -=bouzing-ken.= - -=ken=(=n,= to discern. Milton, P. L. i. 59; v. 265; xi. 396; 2 Hen. VI, -iii. 2. 101; range of vision, P. L. xi. 379; power or exercise of -vision, Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 111; hence, _kenning_, range of -sight, the distance visible at sea, Chapman, Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 -(Septimius); Kyd, Soliman, v. 2. 69. - -=kennet,= a small dog for hunting. Pl. _kenettys_, Boke of St. Albans, -fol. F iv, back; _kennets_, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretts; the -whole passage is copied from the former). Anglo-F. _kenette_ (Bozon), -dimin. of _kien_ (= F. _chien_). - -=Kent:= phr. _Kent or Christendom_. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 -(Turfe); ‘Sith the Saxon King, Never was Woolfe seene, many nor some, -Nor in all Kent, nor in Christendome’ (i.e. nowhere), Spenser, Shep. -Kal., Sept., 153; the Glosse has: ‘It was wont to be an olde proverbe -and common phrase. The original whereof was, for that most part of -England in the reigne of King Ethelbert was christened, Kent onely -except, which remayned long after in mysbeliefe and unchristened: so -that Kent was counted no part of Christendome.’ Ray in his English -Proverbs accepts this explanation (ed. Bohn, p. 206). According to -Fuller’s opinion, ‘Neither in Kent nor Christendom’ meant, neither in -Kent, which was first converted to Christendom, nor in any other part of -our English Christendom (i.e. nowhere in England). Also, _in Kent and -Christendom_ (i.e. everywhere); ‘I am here in Kent and Christendom, -Among the Muses, where I read and rhyme’, Wyatt, The Courtier’s Life -(ed. Bell, 218). - -=Kentish long-tails,= a nickname applied to the natives of Kent. Ray’s -English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 207). The story of the origin of the -nickname is told by Fuller in his Worthies, Kent, under _Kentish -Long-tailes_. See NED. (s.v. Long-tail, 2). Not only Kentish men but -Englishmen in general were called ‘_caudati_ per contumeliam’ by their -French neighbours, see Ducange (s.v. Caudatus); cp. ‘ces Engloys -_couez_’ (Chans. Norm.) in Moisy (s.v. Cue, p. 250). - -=kersen;= see =cursen.= - -=kerve,= to carve as a sculptor; ‘Enstructed in painting or kervinge’, -Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 1. ME. _kerve_ (Chaucer, Tr. and -Cr. ii. 325). OE. _ceorfan_. - -=kest,= _pt. t._ cast. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 15; Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, -i. 45; plotted, considered, id. i. 30. In gen. prov. use in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Cast, 2 (7)). - -=keteryng,= a ‘cateran’, a Highland or Irish marauder; ‘A Scottishe -keteryng’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 75; l. 218; ‘Irish keterynges’, ib., -Against the Scottes, 83. See NED. (s.v. Cateran). See =karne.= - -=ketler,= an inexperienced gamester, a novice at gambling; Bunglers and -ketlers’ [at gambling], Middleton, Black Book (ed. Dyce, v. 543). - -=ketling,= inexperienced; ‘Like an old cunning bowler to fetch in a -young _ketling_ gamester’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales (ed. Dyce, -v. 589). See NED. (s.v. Kitling, B). - -=key,= a quay. Dryden, Annus Mirab. st. 231; Middleton, Women beware, i. -3. 17. - -=kibbo,= a cudgel. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii. 1 (Scapin, in a Lancs. -dialect). In Ray (ed. 1691. MS. Add.) ‘kibbo’ is given as a Cheshire -word (EDD.). - -=kid,= a faggot, small bundle of sticks; ‘Kydde, a fagotte’, Palsgrave; -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 29. In prov. use in various parts of -England from the north country to Essex, see EDD. (s.v. Kid, sb.^{2} 1). -ME. _kydd_, ‘fascis’ (Prompt. EETS. 247). - -=kid,= a roebuck in its first year. Spelt _kyde_, Book of St. Albans, -fol. E 4; Turbervile, Hunting, c. 45; p. 143. - -=kid,= notorious; ‘The colonel was a cuckold, or a kid pirate’, -Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, i. 1 (Fireball). ME. _kid_, renowned, -famous, illustrious (Wars Alex., see Gl. Index); _kyd_, known (Chaucer, -C. T. E. 1943), pp. of _kythe_, to make known (C. T. F. 748). OE. -_cȳðan_. - -=kie, kye,= cows. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Lorel). In gen. prov. use -in the north for the plural of ‘cow’ (EDD.). OE. _cȳ_, pl. of _cū_, cow. - -=kiff,= for _kith_, relationship, standing in relationship, Middleton, A -Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim); Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 30. - -=kill,= a kiln. BIBLE, Jer. xliii. 9; Nahum, iii. 14 (ed. 1611). A -common prov. form in many parts of England—the north country, Essex, -and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Kiln, sb.^{1}). Hence _kill-hole_, Merry -Wives, iv. 2. 59 (ed. 1623). Cp. =kell= (2). - -=kill-cow,= a murderous fellow, butcher; a great fighter. Fletcher, -Lover’s Progress, iii. 3 (Malfort); perhaps with reference to the story -of Guy of Warwick. See Nares. - -=kimbo,= resembling arms set a-kimbo, Dryden, tr. of Virgil; Pastorals, -iii. 67; _on kimbow_, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Novel). - -=kim-kam,= crooked, perverse. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid ii, 44. -Cp. the Shropshire saying, ‘Let’s a none o’ your kim-kam ways’ (EDD.). -See =kam.= - -=kimnel,= a tub used for brewing, kneading, or salting meat. Beaumont -and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Alexander); ‘A _kimnel_, cadus salsamentarius’, -Coles, Dict., 1679; ‘kymnell, _quevette_’, Palsgrave. ME. _kymnelle_, -‘amula’ (Cath. Angl.). - -=kinchin mort,= a very young female child (Cant). Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). _Kinchin_ is perhaps a corrupt form of G. -_kindchen_, little child. See =mort= (2). - -=kinderkind,= kilderkin, small barrel. Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 383). -Du. _kindekin_, ‘the eighth part of a vat’ (Kilian). See NED. (s.v. -Kilderkin), and Dict. - -=kindle,= to give birth to young, bring forth. As You Like It, iii. 2. -358; ‘I kyndyll, as a she-hare or cony dothe’, Palsgrave. Very common in -prov. use (EDD.). ME. _hyndlyn_, or brynge forthe yonge kyndelyngys, -‘feto’ (Prompt.). - -=kindless,= unnatural. Hamlet, ii. 2. 609; Poole, David (ed. Dyce, p. -466). - -=Kirsome,= Christian; ‘As I’m true Kirsome woman’, Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, iv. 7. 5. See =cursen.= - -=kite,= a term of detestation. Fletcher, Wit without Money, i. 1. 16; -iii. 4. 16; Hen. V, ii. 1. 80; King Lear, i. 4. 284; Ant. and Cl. iii. -13. 89; Udall, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 83). - -=kiss the post,= to be shut out of a house in consequence of arriving -too late (there being nothing else to kiss but the doorpost); ‘Make -haste, thou art best, for fear thou kiss the post’, Heywood, 1 Edw. IV -(Hobs), vol. i, p. 47. - -=kix,= a ‘kex’, dried-up stalk; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, i. 2 (Mercury). - -=knacker,= a harness-maker. Tusser, Husbandry, § 58. 5. In Lancashire -_knacker_ is a term for a tanner (EDD.). - -=knap,= a knave, a rogue. Spelt _knappe_, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 1 -(Dulipo); Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80. ‘A regular knap’, ‘a deead -knap’ are Yorkshire expressions for a cunning knave, see EDD. (s.v. -Knap, sb.^{2} 1). - -=knap,= a small hill, a mound, knoll. Bacon, Essay 45; a hill-top, -Golding, Metam. xi. 339 (L. ‘vertice’). In prov. use in Scotland, and in -various parts of England (EDD.). OE. _cnæpp_, top, hill-top (Luke iv. -29). - -=knap,= to knock, rap, strike smartly; to sound or toll a bell. Udall, -Roister Doister, iii. 3. 80; also, to knock together, Bacon, Sylva, § -133. - -=knare, knar,= a knot or protuberance on a tree; ‘Woods with knots and -knares deformed’, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 536; spelt _gnarre_, Cockeram’s -Dict. (1623). See EDD. (s.v. Gnarr, sb.^{1} 1). Cp. ME. _knarry_, -gnarled (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1977). Low G. _knarre_; Du. _knar_; see NED. - -=kned,= _pp._ kneaded. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 1 -(Savourwit). In prov. use in the north, and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. -Knead, 3). - -=knee-timber,= crooked timber, used in shipbuilding. Bacon, Essay 13. - -=knight of the post,= a notorious perjurer; one who gets his living by -giving false evidence. Brome, Joviall Crew (Works, 1873, iii. 366); -Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, i. 10. 37; Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. -1 (Courtine). [Cp. Pope, Prologue to the Satires of Horace, 365, ‘Knight -of the post corrupt, or of the Shire.’] See Nares. - -=Knight’s Ward,= one of the four prison-divisions or ‘sides’. There were -usually but three such divisions, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward, -and the Hole; See =counter= (3). When there were four, the Knight’s Ward -came second. In Eastward Ho, v. 1 (_or_ 2), Wolf says ‘the knight will -i’ the Knight’s Ward’, meaning that he was too humble to go into the -Master’s side. Also _Knight-side_, ‘Neither lie on the Knight-side, nor -in the Twopenny Ward’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). And see -Westward Ho, iii. 2 (Monopoly). - -=knill, knyll,= to sound as a bell, ring. Morte Arthur, leaf 428*, back, -6; bk. xxi, c. 10; OE. _cnyllan_, to strike, ring a bell (B. T. Suppl.). - -=knitting-cup,= a cup of wine drunk by the company immediately after a -wedding. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). - -=knokylbonyarde,= a contemptible fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 485. -Dyce’s note gives two other examples. Deriv. of _knucklebone_. - -=knot,= a flower-bed. Lyly, Euphues, p. 37; Campaspe, iii. 4 (Apelles); -Tusser. Husb. § 22. 22. In prov. use in Somerset, Dorset, and Devon, -also in the west Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Knot, sb.^{1} 13). - -=knot,= the red-breasted sandpiper; ‘The knot that called was Canutus’ -bird of old’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 341; ‘Knotts, i, _Canuti aves_, ut -opinor’, Camden, Brit. (ed. 1607, 408). Dan. _knot_, sandpiper (Larsen). -In the north of Ireland the name for the ringed plover, see EDD. (s.v. -Knot, sb.^{2}). - -=knot-grass,= a plant with small pale-pink flowers, _Polygonum -aviculare_. An infusion of it was supposed to stunt one’s growth. Mids. -Night’s D. iii. 2. 329; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 -(Wife). - -=knowledge,= to acknowledge; ‘I knowlege my folly’, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 12, § 3; ‘My flight from prison I knowledge’, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 150. - -=knub,= a small bump. Golding, Metam. viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603); -‘knubbe, _callum_’, Levins, Manip. Low G. _knubbe_, a knob, lump; see -NED. - -=knurre,= a round knotty projection on a tree; ‘A knurre, _bruscum, -gibbus_’, Levins, Manip.; hence, _knurred_ (_knurd_), knotted, rugged, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 302. ‘Knurr’ is in common prov. use in the -north country (EDD.). - -=ko;= see =ka.= - -=korke,= to adorn, render illustrious; ‘Duke Lionell, that all this lyne -[family of the White Rose] doth korke’, Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. -6. From _corke_, the name of a purple dye, mentioned in Statutes of the -Realm, Act 1 Richard III. c. 8, § 3, as a dye-stuff; see NED. (s.v. -Cork, sb.^{2}). - -=kost,= _pt. t._ kissed. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 256. Cp. OE. _coss_, a -kiss. - -=kreking,= early dawn; ‘In the first krekyng of the day’ (F. _au point -du jour_), Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 18. 1. Du. ‘_het kriecken ofte -aenbreken van den dagh_, the creeke or the breaking of the day’ -(Hexham). Cp. the Scottish phrase ‘creek of day’, day-break (EDD.). -Norm. F. _crique du jour_ (Moisy). - -=kursin,= to christen. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 2. -‘Kursin’,’Kirsen’ are common forms of ‘christen’ in the north, see EDD. -(s.v. Christen). - -=kydst,= in Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 92, written incorrectly in the -sense of ‘knewest’. ME. _kithen_ (pt. s. _kidde_), means ‘to make -known’. See =kid= (notorious). - -=kyrie,= short for ‘kyrie eleison’ (κύριε ἐλέησον), _Lord, have mercy -upon us_; the earliest and simplest form of Litany. Used humorously for -a scolding, causing an outcry; ‘But he should have such a kyrie ere he -went to bed’, Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 138; ‘This kyrie -sad solfing’ (translating _Talia iactanti_, Aeneid i, 102), Stanyhurst -(ed. Arber, p. 21); _kyry_, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 755. - -=kyrsin,= Christian. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii (Clay). See =cursen.= - - - - - L - - -=laced mutton,= a strumpet. Two Gent. i. 1. 102; B. Jonson, Neptune’s -Triumph (Boy). See NED. See =mutton.= - -=lachesse,= negligence. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 74, back, 18. ME. -_lachesse_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 720), OF. _lachesse_, _laschesse_, deriv. -of _lasche_, slack. L. _laxus_, lax. - -=lack,= to want. _What do y’ lack?_ what will you buy; the constant cry -of the shopkeepers. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, Induction, l. 1; Barth. -Fair, ii. 1 (Leatherhead). - -=lackey,= to accompany, like a lackey or foot-boy. Massinger, Virgin -Martyr, i. 1 (Harpax). Used _fig._ ‘A thousand liveried angels lackey -her’, Milton, Comus, 455. See Dict. - -=lad,= led; _pt. t._ of _lead_. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 4; iv. 8. 2. A -Lanc. form, see EDD. (s.v. Lead, 1 (1)). - -=ladron,= a thief, robber. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro). Span. -_ladron_, a thief; L. _latro_, a robber. - -=lady,= the calcareous substance in the stomach of a lobster, serving -for the trituration of its food; fancifully supposed to resemble the -outline of a seated female figure; ‘What lady? the lady in the lobster?’ -Shirley, Witty Fair One, iii. 4 (Aimwell). - -=Lady of the Lake,= a personage in Arthurian romance; hence, a fairy, -nymph; ‘This bevie of Ladies bright . . . all Ladyes of the lake -behight’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 120. Humorously, a woman of light -behaviour. Massinger, New Way to Pay, ii. 1 (Marrall). - -=lag,= slow, tardy, habitually late. Richard III, ii. 1. 91; a laggard, -Dryden, To Mr. Lee, 43; _lag-end_, latter part, fag-end, 1 Hen. IV, v. -1. 24. See EDD. (s.v. Lag, adj., 1). - - =lag-goose,= a personification of laziness, Tusser, Husbandry, § - 85. 4. In Norfolk ‘lag-goose’ is in prov. use for the wild grey - goose, see EDD. (s.v. Lag, sb.^{9}). - -=lag:= in phr. _lag of duds_, ‘buck’ or ‘wash’ of clothes, Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). - -=lag,= to carry off, to steal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 15. - -=laire;= see =leer.= - -=lam,= to beat soundly, to thrash, flog. _Lamming_, a thrashing, -Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, v. 3 (Bacurius); Honest Man’s -Fortune, v. 2 (Laverdine); ‘_Gaulée_, a cudgelling, basting, lamming’, -Cotgrave; _lambed_, pp. beaten, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 -(Firk). In gen. prov. and colloq. use (EDD.). Cp. Icel. _lemja_ (pret. -_lamði_), lit. to lame. - -=lamback,= to beat severely. Rare Triumphs of Love, iv. 1 (Lentulo), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 204; Munday, Death E. Huntington, v. 1 (Brand), -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 305. - -=Lamia,= a fabulous monster supposed to have the body of a woman, and to -suck the blood of children. Burton, Anat. Mel. iii. 2; a witch, -sorceress, ‘Where’s the lamia That tears my entrails?’, Massinger, -Virgin Martyr, iv. 1. L. _lamia_, a witch supposed to suck children’s -blood. In the Vulgate, Isaiah xxxiv. 14, the Heb. _Lîlîth_, ‘the -night-hag’, is rendered _lamia_. Gk. Λάμια, a fabulous monster. - -=lampas,= a disease incident to horses, consisting in a swelling of the -fleshy lining of the roof of the mouth behind the front teeth. Described -in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 81; Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 52. F. _lampas_ -(Cotgr.). - -=lamping,= shining brightly. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 1. Cp. Ital. -_lampante_, bright, shining (Florio). - -=lance-knight,= a mercenary foot-soldier, esp. one armed with a lance or -pike. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., ii. 4 (Brainworm). Palsgrave has: -‘_Lansknyght_, lancequenet.’ G. _lanz-knecht_, lance-knight, a perverted -form of _lands-knecht_ = land’s knight (see Weigand, s.v. Land). See -Dict. (s.v. Lansquenet). - -=lancepesade,= a non-commissioned officer of the lowest grade, a -lance-corporal. Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1; _lance-presade_, -Cleaveland, Poems (Nares); _lanceprisado_, Fletcher, Thierry, ii. 2 -(Martell). The term was orig. applied to a trooper who having broken his -lance (_lancia spezzata_) on the enemy was entertained as a volunteer -assistant to a captain of foot, receiving his pay as a trooper until he -could remount himself (Grose). See Estienne, Précellence (ed. 1896, p. -353) for account of _Lance-spessade_. See Stanford, and Nares. - -=lanch, launch,= to cut, lance, pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 37; -Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown). OF. (Picard) _lancher_ (F. -_lancier_). In W. Somerset they will ask for ‘a lanch to lanch the cow’, -see EDD. (s.v. Lance, sb.^{1} 1). See Dict. (s.v. Launch). - -†=land-damn,= to rate severely (?). Winter’s Tale, ii. 1. 143. The word -in Shakespeare is of doubtful authenticity. The alleged survival of the -word in dialects, with the sense ‘to abuse with rancour’, appears to be -imperfectly authenticated. For ingenious conjectures see Nares. - -=landlouper,= a runner about the land, a vagabond. Bacon, Henry VII, p. -105; spelt _land-loper_; Howell, Forraine Travell, p. 67 (Arber). Du. -_landt-looper_, ‘a vagabond, or a rogue that runnes up and downe the -countrie’ (Hexham). - -=langdebiefe,= wild bugloss. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 16; _langdebeef_, -Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. v, c. 15. OF. _lange de beof_, ‘ox tunge’, -‘lingua bovis’, ‘buglossa’ (Alphita, 24). - -=langer,= to loiter about; ‘Wandryng and langerynge’, Morte Arthur, leaf -185. 20; bk. ix, c. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Linger). - -=langued,= lit. tongued; in heraldry, represented with a tongue of a -specified tincture or colour. Butler, Hud. i. 2. 259. Cp. F. _langué_, -‘langued, a term of Blazon’ (Cotgr.). - -=lannard,= a ‘lanner’, a species of falcon. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. -3 (Fernando); ‘Lanarde, a hauke, lanier’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in -Cornwall for the peregrine falcon (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Lanner). - -†=lansket,= a shutter, a panel of a door, or a lattice; ‘I peep’d in At -a loose lansket’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6 (Jaques). Only found -here (NED.). - -=lantedo, lanteero;= ‘Your lantedoes nor your lanteeroes’, Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Blurt). See =adelantado.= - -=lanterloo,= the old name of the card game now called _loo_. Etherege, -She Would if She Could, v. 1 (Sentry). Spelt _Lanterlu_, and used as a -name, Wycherley, Country Wife, v. 3 (near the end). See Stanford. - -=lap,= a cant term for non-intoxicating drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Song); ‘_lap_, butter-milke or whey’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -=lapise, lappise,= to yelp. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 29, p. 76; id., c. -33, p. 86; ‘lappyse or whymper’, id., c. 39, p. 108. F. _glappir_, -_glappissement_, (Cotgr.). - -=lapwing,= said to cry out at a distance from her nest, in order to draw -the searchers away from it. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 10 (Arruntius); and -see Massinger, Old Law, iv. 2 (Simonides); Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 -(Alexander). Very common. - -=lare,= a pasture. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 29. A pseudo-archaic use of -_lair_, the place where cattle lie, see EDD. (s.v. Lair, sb.^{1} 2, § -3). - -=lare,= to fatten. So explained by Dyce, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose -Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura). - -=Lares,= the household gods in Roman religion. _Lars_, Milton, Christ’s -Nativity, Hymn, st. 21; B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 2 (Lupus). - -=lash:= phr. _in the lash_, in the lurch; ‘To run in the lash’, Tusser, -Husbandry, § 10. 15; ‘Leave in the lash’, id., § 63. 20; ‘lie in the -lash’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; ‘Gave age -the whippe, and left me in the lash’, Mirror for Mag., Shore’s Wife, s. -14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 446. See NED. (s.v. Lash, sb.^{1} 4). - -=lash,= to move violently; ‘Lashing up his heels’ [of a horse], Dryden, -tr. of Ovid, Met. xii. 472; ‘’Gainst a rock was lashed in pieces’, -Congreve, Mourning Bride, i. 1 (Almeria). - -=lash out,= to squander, waste. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 18; More, -Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 67). - -=latch,= to catch. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 93; Macbeth, iv. 3. 195; -Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 36. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _lacchen_ -(P. Plowman). OE. _læccan_, to seize, catch. - -=lato,= a mixed metal; ‘latten’. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly); -_laton_, Morte Arthur, leaf 44, back, 25; bk. ii, c. 11. ME. _latoun_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 699). Norm. F. _laton_, ‘laiton, alliage de cuivre et -de zinc’ (Moisy), Med. L. _lato_ (Ducange). See Dict. (s.v. Latten). - -=launce,= a balance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 4. L. _lanx_, a scale. - -=laund,= a ‘lawn’, a glade. 3 Hen. VI, iii. i. 2; Drayton, Pol. xxvi. -69. ME. _launde_, a grassy clearing, a glade surrounded by trees -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 1691). Anglo-F. _launde_, OF. _lande_; probably of -Celtic origin, see W. Stokes, Celtic Dict., p. 239. - -=launder,= one who washes linen. Tusser, Husbandry, § 83. 2. Hence -_laundered_ (landered), thoroughly washed, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 171. ME. -_lawndere_ (Prompt. EETS. 257). See Dict. (s.v. Laundress). - -=laundring,= washing gold in aqua regia to extract metal from it. B. -Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). - -=lautitious,= sumptuous, excellent. Herrick, The Invitation, 3. L. -_lautitia_, magnificence. - -=lave,= used of ears: drooping, hanging down; ‘His lave eares’, Wily -Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 304; _lave-eared_, having long -drooping ears, Hall, Satires, ii. 29 (Nares); ‘Lave eared, plaudus’, -Levins, Manip. Still in use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _lave eres_ -(Wars Alex. 4748). - -=lave,= to droop, said of ears, ‘His ears hang laving’, Hall, Sat. iv. -1. 72. Icel. _lafa_, to droop. - -=lavender:= phr. _to lay in lavender_, to pawn; Coles, Dict., 1699; -‘Rather than thou shouldst pawn a rag more, I’ll lay my ladyship in -lavender, if I knew where’, Eastward Ho, iv. 279 (Nares); _to lie in -lavender_, to be in pawn, ‘a black suit . . . now lies in lavender’, B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, iii. 3. In R. Brathwaite’s Strappado -for the Devil is an epigram, ‘Upon a Poet’s Palfrey lying in Lavender -for the discharge of his Provender’, p. 154 (Nares). _Lavendered_, pp. -‘Your lavendered robes’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, v. 1 (Overreach). - -=laver,= drooping, hanging down; ‘this laver lip’, Marston, Sat. v. 97. -See =lave.= - -=lavolta,= the name of a lively dance, orig. for two people. Hen. V, -iii. 3. 33. Ital. _la volta_, the turn, ‘a French dance so called’ -(Florio). - -†=lavoltetere,= one who dances (and teaches) the _lavolta_. Fletcher, -Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 1 (Host). - -=law, to give,= to allow so much start, about twelve-score yards, to a -hunted animal. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (near the end); Drayton, Pol. -xxiii. 337; ‘She shall have law’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii -(Shakstone); vol. iv, p. 199. - -=lay,= law. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 42; esp. religious law, hence, a -religion, creed, a faith; ‘’Tis Churchmans laie and veritie To live in -love and charitie’, Peele, Chron. Edw. I, B 3 (NED.). ME. _lay_, -religion, faith (Chaucer, C. T. B. 376). Anglo-F. _lei_, ‘loi, loi -religieuse, religion’ (Chans. Rol. 85). - -=lay,= a ‘lea’, meadow. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 15; adj. fallow, -unploughed, ‘Let . . . land lie lay till I return’, Fletcher, Love’s -Pilgrimage, iii. 3 (Sanchio). ME. _lay_, ‘lond not tyllyd’ (Prompt. -EETS.); _laie_, fallow (Gamelyn, 161). See NED. (s.v. Lea, adj.). - -=lay,= a wager. 2 Hen. VI, v. 2. 27; Othello, ii. 3. 330; Cymb. i. 4. -159. In prov. use in Yorks., Midlands, and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. -Lay, sb.^{1} 20). - -=lay,= to beset with traps; ‘All the country is laid for me’, 2 Hen. VI, -iv. 1. 4; Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (near end); iv. 2 (Tim); A -Trick to Catch, i. 2. 3. - -=lay:= phr. _to lay in_ (or _a_) _water_, to make nugatory, to bring to -a standstill, Lyly, Euphues, p. 34; Mydas, iv. 4 (Martius); Gosson, -School of Abuse, p. 21. See NED. (s.v. Lay, vb.^{1} 25). - -=lay,= to lie; ‘Nature will lay buried a great Time, and yet revive’, -Bacon, Essay 38. For exx. of this intrans. use see NED. (s.v. Lie, -vb.^{1} 43), and EDD. (s.v. Lie, 16). - -=layne,= to conceal. Morte Arthur, leaf 399, back, 13; bk. xx, c. 1. In -prov. use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Lane). -ME. _laynen_, to conceal (P. Plowman, C. iii. 18). Icel. _leyna_, -cognate with G. _leugnen_, to deny. See NED. (s.v. Lain). - -=laystall,= a place where refuse is thrown aside. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. -53; _leystall_, Drayton, Moses, bk. i. 115. See Nares. A Kentish word, -see EDD. (s.v. Lay, vb. 2 (9a)). - -=laystow,= a ‘laystall’. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 628; ‘In -comparison of this present, the ancient gardens were but dunghils and -laistowes’, Harrison, Desc. Engl., bk. ii, ch. 20 (ed. Furnivall, 325); -‘Smythfeelde was . . . a layestowe of all order of fylth’, Fabyan Chron. -vii. 226 (NED.). A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Lay, 2 (12)). - -=layte,= lightning. Morte Arthur, leaf 353, back, 30; bk. xvii, c. 11. -ME. _leit_, ‘fulgor’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxiv. 27). OE. _lēget_, also _līgyt_ -(Matt. xxiv. 27). - -=laze,= to be lazy, to be listless. Greene, Alphonsus, i. Prol. -(Melpomene); Never too Late (ed. Dyce, 301). In prov. use (EDD.). - -=leach,= a dish consisting of sliced meat, eggs, fruit, and spices in -jelly; ‘Leche made of flesshe, gelee’, Palsgrave; ‘Caudels, Iellies, -leach’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Shackle-soul), Works, iii. -285. F. _lèche_, ‘tranche très mince’ (Hatzfeld). See NED. - -=lead:= phr. _to lead apes in hell_, the fancied consequence of dying an -old maid, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 87); Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 34; Much -Ado, ii. 1. 42; ‘_Mammola_, an old wench . . . one that will lead apes -in Hell’, Florio. - -=lead,= a pot, cauldron, kettle. Tusser, Husbandry, § 56. 14; ‘Brewyng -ledys’, pl., Bury Wills (ed. Camden Soc., p. 101). See EDD. (s.v. Lead, -sb.^{1} 6 and 7). In Lanc. ‘lead’ is used for a dyeing-vat; in the north -country furnace-vessels, of whatever metal made, are so called, from -having been usually made of that metal. - -=leaden dart.= Cupid’s _leaden_ dart caused dislike; his _golden_ one -incited to love, Massinger, Virgin-Martyr, i. 1 (Antoninus); Roman -Actor, iii. 2 (Iphis). From Ovid, Met. i. 470. - -=leading-staff,= a staff or truncheon borne by a commanding officer. -Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 (Smuggler); i. 2 (Parly). - -=leak,= leaky. Spelt _leke_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; _leake_, id., vi. -8. 24. OE. _hlece_. - -=leally,= truly, verily. Spelt _lelely_, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 1 -(Sylvia); loyally, ‘He sall leallie and trewlie use and exerce his -office’, Skene, Difficil Words (1681). Anglo-F. _leal_, loyal (Rough -List), O. Prov. _leal_ (Levy). - -=lear;= see =lere.= - -=leare,= a cheek; _learys_, cheeks, Morte Arthur, leaf 186. 4; bk. ix, -ch. 21; spelt _lyers_, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 471. OE. _hlēor_, -cheek, face. See =leer.= - -=lease,= a pasture. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 49; _lees_, Fitzherbert, -Husb., § 148. 18; ‘In pastures and leases’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, -ch. 63 (The Place). - - =leasues,= ‘leasowes’, pastures, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § - 103. OE. _lǣs_, a pasture (dat. _lǣswe_). See EDD. (s.v. - Leasowe). - -=lease;= _Lease-parol_, a lease by word of mouth, instead of in writing. -Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 (1298); p. 134, col. 1. - -=lease, lese,= to lie, tell lies. A Knack to know a Knave (Honesty), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511. ME. _lesen_, OE. _lēasian_, to tell lies; -_lēas_, false. - -=leasing,= lying, falsehood, a lie. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Spenser, F. -Q. i. 6. 48; BIBLE, Ps. iv. 2; v. 6; _lesynge_, Coverdale, 2 Esdras xiv. -18. ME. _leesyng_ (Wyclif, Ps. v. 7). OE. _lēasung_. - -=leathe-weake,= having the joints flexible, hence, pliant, soft. Ascham, -Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 129). A north-country word, written _leathwake_, -_lithwake_, _leathweak_ (EDD.). ME. _lithwayke_, ‘flexibilis’ (Cath. -Angl.). OE. _leoðuwāc_, _liðewāc_ (BT.). - -=leatica,= a red muscatel wine made in Tuscany. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. -II, iv. 3 (1 Vintner). Ital. _liatico_ (Florio); _aleatico_, an -exquisite grape, a wine made therefrom (Fanfani). See NED. (s.v. -Liatico). - -=leave,= to levy, raise an army. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 31. F. _lever_, -‘to raise, to levy’ (Cotgr.). - -=leavy,= leafy, full of foliage. Much Ado, ii. 3. 75; Dryden, Flower and -Leaf, 316, 512. - -=leden, ledden,= language. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 19; Colin Clout, 744; -Drayton, Pol. xii. 303. ME. _leden_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 435); OE. _leden_ -(_lyden_), language, prop. the Latin language, L. _Latinus_; cp. O. -Prov. _latin_, ‘langage’ (Levy), OF. _latin_, language, also, the -warbling of birds (Bartsch, 581. 34); Ital. _latino_, language (Dante). - -=ledger,= resident; esp. in capacity of ambassador; ‘His Ambassadour -that was ledger at Rome’, Daus, tr. Sleidane, 113 (NED.); _lieger_, -Webster, White Devil (Francisco), ed. Dyce, 18; _legier_, resting in a -place, Fairfax, Tasso, i. 70. 15; _leiger_, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, -iv. 2 (Littleworth). See =lieger.= - -=Lee.= ‘His corps was carried downe along the Lee’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. -19; ‘I looked . . . adowne the Lee’, Ruines of Time (Globe ed. 496). -Probably the reference is to the name of a river. - -=leefky,= for _leefkyn_, a bodice. _Leefekyes_, pl., Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 116). Du. _lijfken_: ‘_een vrouwen Lijfken_, A womans Bodies -[bodice]’ (Hexham); dimin. of _lijf_, a body. - -=leefsom,= pleasant. Surrey, Complaint of absence, 23, in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 19. Cp. Scottish _leesome_, pleasant, loveable (EDD.). OE. -_lēofsum_ (Juliana, 17). - -=leek,= like. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); riming with _cheek_. - -=leer,= complexion. As You Like It, iv. 1. 67; Titus, iv. 2. 119; spelt -_laire_, Drayton, Harmony Church, Song Sol., ch. i, l. 12; _lere_, -Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1034; El. Rummyng, 12; _leyre_, Magnyfycence, -1573. For the sense, see EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{3} 3, and Lire, sb.^{3}). -OE. _hlēor_, face, countenance. See =leare.= - -=leer,= tape. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 79). In Kentish glossaries, see -EDD. (s.v. Leer, sb.^{2}). See NED. (s.v. Lear, sb.^{2}). - -=leer,= empty. _A leer horse_, a horse without a rider (see Nares); _a -leer drunkard_, a drunkard void of self-control, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, -Induction; New Inn, iv. 3 (Lovel). ME. _lere_, empty (Rob. Glouc., p. -81); see Stratmann (s.v. lǣre). OE. _lǣre_; cp. G. _leer_. Very common -in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, adj.^{1}). - -=leer;= _Leer side_, in B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 2 (Turfe), and ii. 2, -‘Hat turn’d up o’ the leer side.’ Supposed by Nares to be used for the -left side. Probably due to the form _leereboard_ (for _lar-board_), see -Hakluyt’s Voyages, i. 4. - -=leere,= lore. See =lere.= - -=leese,= to lose. BIBLE, 1 Kings xviii. 5 (ed. 1611); Shak., Sonnet 5; -Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, iv. 1. 4. ME. _lesen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -1290); OE. _lēosan_. - -=lefull,= permissible. Tyndale, Matt. xii. 12; Ascham, Toxophilus, 45. -ME. _leveful_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 37); _leve_, permission (id., C. T. B. -1637). See NED. (s.v. Leeful). - -=leg:= in phr. _to make a leg_, to make an obeisance by drawing one leg -backward. Tempest, ii. 2. 62; Merry Wives, v. 5. 58; ‘Give him a plum, -he makes his leg’, Selden, Table Talk (Thanksgiving). See Nares. - -=legacy,= an embassy, message delivered by a legate. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, vii. 349; ix. 220. - -=Lege de moy,= supposed to be the name of a dance; ‘Parys of Troy -Daunced a Lege de moy’, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 953; El. Rummyng, 587. - -=legem pone,= a cant term for ready money; ‘There are so manie Danaes -now a dayes . . . If _legem pone_ comes he is receav’d, When _Vix haud -habeo_ is of hope bereav’d’, The Affectionate Shepheard (Halliwell); -‘They were all at our service for the _legem pone_’, Ozell’s Rabelais, -iv. 12; ‘Use _legem pone_ to pay at thy day, But use not _Oremus_ for -often delay’, Tusser, Husbandry, 29. The origin of the use of this Latin -phrase for money is doubtless this: The first great pay-day of the year -was March 25, on which day of the month the _Legem pone_ is the first -portion of the 119th Psalm read at Mattins, so that these words were -easily associated with the idea of payment and ready money. See Nares. - -=leger,= light; ‘A hundred leger wafers’, The London Chanticleers, scene -5 (Welcome). F. _léger_. - -=legiaunce,= faithful service. Bacon, Henry VII, p. 142. OF. _ligeance_, -_legiance_, deriv. of _lige_, _liege_, entitled to feudal service, also, -bound to render feudal service, see Didot (s.v. Lige, Ligence). Cp. O. -Prov. _litge_, ‘liege’; of Germanic origin, OHG. _ledig_, free; -_legiaunce_ was the feudal service of a free man. See NED. - -=legier;= see =ledger.= - -=legier-booke,= a ‘ledger-book’, i.e. a book containing records, a -cartulary, register. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 51. See Dict. -(s.v. Ledger). - -=legierte,= lightness, agility. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 230. 20; -thoughtlessness, id., lf. 311, back, 23. F. _légèreté_, lightness. - -=leiger;= see =ledger.= - -=leke;= see =leak.= - -=lelacke,= lilac. Bacon, Essay 46. Cp. the Lincoln pronunciation -_lealock_, see EDD. (s.v. Laylock). - -=lelely;= see =leally.= - -=lembic,= an ‘alembic’, B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); _limbeck_, -Macbeth, i. 7. 67. - -=leme,= a flame, light, ray, beam. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. i, -c. 1, § 2; Calisto and Melibæa, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 64; _leames_, -lights, Sackville, Induction to Mirror, st. 9. A north-country word, see -EDD. (s.v. Leam, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _leme_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 4120). OE. -_lēoma_, light. - -=Lemures,= in early Roman religion, the spirits of the departed. Milton, -Christ’s Nativity, Hymn, st. 21. - -=l’envoy,= the sending forth a poem, hence, the conclusion of a poetical -or prose composition; the author’s parting words; _fig._ a conclusion, -catastrophe, ‘Long since I look’d for this l’envoy’, Massinger, Bashful -Lover, iv. 1 (Martino); v. 1 (Alonzo). OF. _envoye_ (F. _envoi_), a -sending. - -=lere,= lore, teaching. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 261; Drayton, Pol. -xxiv. 803; _leare_, Spenser, F. Q. iii, 11. 16; iv. 3. 40; _leares_, -lessons, F. Q. iii. 7. 21; _leere_, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 5 -(Sperantus). Also, the meaning, sense (as of a Latin phrase), Heywood, -Witches of Lancs. iv (Lawrence). In prov. use in Scotland and north of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Lear, sb.^{1} 5). ME. _lere_ (Sir Gowther, 231); -fr. _leren_, to teach (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 441). See =leyre.= - -=lere;= see =leer.= - -=lerrepoop;= see =liripoop.= - -=lerrie,= something said by rote, a set speech, ‘patter’; ‘Man can teach -us our lerrie’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Third Lady). In -Kent ‘lerry’ is the part which has to be learnt by a mummer (EDD.). See -NED. (s.v. Lurry). - -=lesses,= the dung of a ‘ravenous’ animal. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; -p. 97; Maister of Game, c. 25. F. _laisses_, ‘the lesses (or dung) of a -wild Boar, Wolf, or Bear’ (Cotgr.). - -=lest,= to listen. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 17. See EDD. (s.v. List, -vb.^{3}). - -=lest;= see =list.= - -=lesynge;= see =leasing.= - -=let,= hindrance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 13; vi. 2. 17. ME. _lett_ (Cursor -M. 7395). - -=Lethe,= a river in Hades, the water of which produced forgetfulness of -the past; ‘Lethe the River of Oblivion’, Milton, P. L. ii. 583; ‘Lethe -Wharfe’, Hamlet, i. 5. 33. Hence _Lethean_, ‘They ferry over this -Lethean Sound’, Milton, P. L. ii. 604 (cp. the ‘Lethaeus amnis’ of -Virgil, Aeneid vi. 705). Gk. λήθη, forgetfulness, oblivion; personified -in Hesiod; no river is called Λήθη by the ancient Greeks. - -=Lethe,= Death, Jul. Caesar, iii. 1. 206. Hence _Lethean_, deadly, -mortal. Blount, Glossogr., 1670. F. _Lethe_, ‘masc. Death; _Lethean_, -deadly, mortal, death-inflicting’ (Cotgr.). L. _letum_ (on acc. of -association with Gk. λήθη, Lethe, sometimes printed _lethum_, an -orthography which is not supported by MSS. or Inscriptions), Death. - -=lettice,= a kind of whitish grey fur; ‘A robe of Scarlet . . . bordered -with Lettice’, Hall, Chron., 25 Hen. VIII (ed. 1809, 803); _a lettice -cap_, ‘Bring in the Lettice cap . . . And then how suddenly we’ll make -you sleep’, Fletcher, M. Thomas, iii. 1. 9; id., Thierry and Theod. v. -2. 8. F. _letice_, ‘a beast of a whitish gray colour’ (Cotgr.). OF. -_letice_, _lettice_, _lettiche_, ‘fourrure ou pelisse grise’ (Didot), -see Ducange (s.v. Lactenus). OHG. _illitiso_, the polecat (12th cent.), -MHG. _iltis_, _iltisse_, see Weigand and Kluge (s.v. Iltis). See Nares. - -=lettuce,= in proverbial sayings: _Like lips, like lettuce_, i.e. things -happen to a man according to his deserts, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 318 -(Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1); _Like lettuce, like lips_, New Custom, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 23; _Such lips, such lettuce_, Heywood’s -Proverbs, 80. Cp. the Latin Proverb, ‘Similes habent labra lactucas’, -see Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 111). See NED. - -=level-coil,= a rough game, in which each player is in turn driven from -his seat and supplanted by another, hence, riotous sport. B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iii. 2 (Dame Turfe); ‘_Jouër à cul-leve_, to play at -level-coyl’, (Cotgrave). Also used as adv. for turn and turn about, -alternately, ‘The mother’s smile Brought forth the daughter’s blush, and -levell coyle, They smil’d and blusht’, Quarles, Argalus (ed. 1629, 18). -F. _lève-cul_, see Littré (s.v. Lever). See Halliwell. - -=lever,= rather, more gladly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; _me lever were_, -it would be more agreeable to me, id., iii. 2. 6. In gen. prov. use in -the British Isles. ME. ‘me were lever’ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1034). -OE. _lēofre_, comp. of _lēof_, dear, ‘lief’. - -=leveret,= a mistress, a courtesan. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 -(Malipiero); Gamester, i. 1; Honoria. i. 1 (Alamode). F. _levrette_, ‘A -Greyhound bitch, also, a most lascivious and incontinent wench’ -(Cotgr.). - -=levet,= a trumpet-call, to awaken soldiers, &c., in a morning; -‘Trumpets sound a levet’ (stage-direction), Fletcher, Double Marriage, -ii. 1; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 611. Ital. _levata_, a march upon a drum and -trumpet (Florio); orig. pp. fem. of _levare_, to raise. - -=levigate,= lightened, made easier. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. -3, § 1. Late L. _levigare_, to lighten; _levigatio_, a lightening -(Rönsch, 81). - -=leyre,= lore. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. -See =lere.= - -=leystall;= see =laystall.= - -=liam, lyam,= a leash for hounds. Spelt _liom_, Sir Thos. More, i. 4. -143; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 13, § 5; Drayton, Muses’ -Elysium, Nymphal 6, 65. O. Prov. _liam_ (Levy), Béarnais Dial., _liam_ -(Lespy), Norm.-F. _lian_, ‘lien’ (Moisy), L. _ligamen_, a band, anything -to tie with, fr. _ligare_, to tie. See NED. (s.v. Lyam), and EDD. (s.v. -Leam, sb.^{2}). See =lym.= - -=lib,= to sleep. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). Hence, -_libkin_, a house to sleep in, a lodging, B. Jonson, Gipsies -Metamorphosed (Jackman); _lib ken_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Tearcat); ‘A _lypken_, a house to lye in’, Harman, Caveat, 83. - -=lib;= see =glib.= - -=libbard,= leopard. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 29; Milton, P. L. vii. 467. -[The form ‘libbard’ occurs in modern poets: ‘The lion, and the libbard, -and the bear’, Cowper, Task, vi. 773; ‘On libbard’s paws’, Keats, Lamia, -ii. 185.] ME. _libarde_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 894). OF. _lebard_ -(Godefroy); see NED. - -=libbat,= a short thick stick, chiefly for throwing at cocks, &c.; a -billet of wood. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, st. 21, st. 12; id., prose -add. to bk. ii, § 22. In prov. use in Kent, Surrey, Sussex, and Dorset, -see EDD. (s.v. Libbet, sb.^{1}). - -=libecchio,= a south-west wind. Milton, P. L. x. 706. An erroneous form -for Ital. _libeccio_ (Florio), deriv. of L. _Libs_, S.W. wind; Gk. Λίψ. - -=libel, libell,= a little book, a short treatise. Gascoigne, Works, i. -42; a written statement. North’s Plutarch, Life of Octavius, § 25 (in -Shaks. Plut., p. 277, note 1). - -=liberal,= licentious, gross. Much Ado, iv. 1. 93; Merch. Ven. ii. 2. -194; Othello, ii. 1. 165. _Liberally_, licentiously; City Gallant, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 194. - -=libration,= oscillation, swaying to and fro; ‘The bounds of thy -libration’, Dryden, Conq. of Granada, ii. 3. 1 (Almanzor). L. _librare_, -to balance. - -=licket.= Meaning doubtful; perhaps a flap of some kind; ‘Wear your coif -with a London licket’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). In the west country -‘licket’ is in use for ‘a shred, rag’ (EDD.). - -=lidderon,= a rascal. Skelton, Against Ven. Tongues, 29; Garl. of -Laurell, 188. A Sc. prov. word, see Jamieson, Suppl. ME. _lyderon_ or -_lydron_, ‘lydorus’ (Prompt. EETS. 262), (_lydorus_ = Gk. λοίδορος). - -=lieger,= an ordinary or resident Ambassador; ‘A Lieger (differed) from -an extraordinary Ambassador’, Fuller, Ch. Hist. iii. 5. 22; Fletcher, -Love’s Cure, ii. 2 (Alvarez); a commissioner, an agent, spelt _leiger_, -Meas. for M. iii. 1. 59; Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 140. See =ledger.= - -=lie-pot,= a vessel to hold ‘lye’ for use as a hair-wash. Middleton, -Five Gallants, i. 1. 12 (_or_ 14). - -=lifter,= a thief, cheat. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 129; Greene, James IV, iii. -1 (near the end). - -=lig, ligge,= to lie, lie down. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 40; Shep. Kal., -May, 217; Oct., 12. In common prov. use in the north country and E. -Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lie, vb.^{2} 1 (4)). OE. _licgean_ (_liggan_). - -=lightly,= usually, commonly. Richard III, iii. 1. 91; Massinger, -Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo); ‘There’s lightning lightly before thunder’, -Ray’s English Proverbs (ed. Bohn, 110); given as a Kentish saying -(EDD.). - -=lightmans,= a cant term for day. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -Harman, Caveat, p. 84. See =darkmans.= - -=like,= to please; ‘The music likes you not’, Two Gent. iv. 2. 56; esp. -in the phrase of courtesy, _an’t like your Grace_, if it please your -Grace, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 100 (for exx. see Schmidt). ME. _lyke_, to -please; _it lyketh yow_, it pleases you (Chaucer); OE. _līcian_, to -please. - -†=lilburne,= heavy stupid fellow; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister -Doister, iii. 3 (Merygreek). - -=lill,= to let the tongue loll out, to thrust forth the tongue. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 5. 34; ‘I lylle out the tonge’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in -Berks. and Wilts., see EDD. (s.v. Lill, vb.^{2}). - -=limbeck;= see =lembic.= - -=limiter,= a friar licensed to beg within certain limits. Spenser, -Mother Hubberd, 85. ME. _limitour_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 209). See Nares. - -=limmer,= a ‘limber’; the shaft of a cart or carriage. North, tr. of -Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 26); ‘_Timone_, the -limmer or beam or pole of a wagon’, Torriano, Ital. Dict. (1688). -‘Limmer’ is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Limber). - -=limmer,= a scoundrel, rascal, rogue. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 -(Earine); Dalrymple, tr. Leslie’s Hist. Scot. ix. 219; _lymmer_, -Holinshed Hist. Irel. (Nares). In common prov. use in the north country -(EDD.). - -=limp,= a ‘limpet’. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 189. A Cumberland word (EDD.). - -=lin,= a pool. Drayton, Pol. v. 118; vi. 22. In Scotland and the Border -country _linn_ is used for the pool at the base of a waterfall, see EDD. -(s.v. Linn, sb.^{1} 2). Gael _linne_; Irish _linn_; Welsh _llyn_, a -pool. - -=lin,= to cease. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 35; Puritan Widow, iii. 5. 110; B. -Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Tat.); Mirror for Mag. 77 (Nares). In -prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _linne_ (King Horn, 1004); -OE. _linnan_. - -=line,= the lime or linden. Holland, Pliny, i. 541; _line-grove_, grove -of lime-trees, Tempest, v. 1. 10. OE. _lind_ and _linde_. See NED. (s.v. -Lind). - -=lingel,= a shoemaker’s waxed thread. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. -Pestle, v.3 (Ralph); Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142; ‘Lyngell that -souters sowe with, _chefgros_’, Palsgrave. ‘Lingel’ (or ‘lingle’) is the -ordinary word for shoemaker’s thread in Scotland (EDD.). F. _ligneul_ -(Cotgr.). - -=linsel, lynsel,= a sheet, a winding-sheet. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 83. -F. _linceul_, a sheet; L. _linteolum_, dimin. of _linteum_, a linen -cloth. - -=lint,= flax, flaxen cloth; ‘Robes that brooke no lint’, admit of no -flax; being of costly material, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ii, ch. 9, -st. 68. In prov. use in Scotland and north of Ireland (EDD.). - -=lint-staff,= a lint-stock or linstock, a staff with a forked head to -hold a lighted match. Heywood, Challenge for Beauty, iii. 1 -(Valladaura); vol. v, p. 35. See Dict. (s.v. Linstock). - -=lion-drunk,= drunk as a lion. Massinger, Bondman, iii. 3 (Gracculo). -The four degrees of drunkenness were to be drunk as a sheep -(good-humoured); as a lion (noisy); as an ape (foolish); and as a swine -(bestial). See note to Chaucer (C. T. H. 44), in Complete Works. - -=liquor,= to lubricate; to anoint with grease. Bacon, Nat. History, § -117; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 106. - -=liripoop,= chiefly in phrases _to know_ or _have_ (one’s) _liripoop_, -_to teach_ (a person) _his liripoop_. It means something to be learned -and acted or spoken; _lyrypoope_, Newton, Lemnie’s Complex. vii. 58 -(NED.); ‘I will teach thee thy lyrripups’, Stanyhurst, Desc. Irel. in -Holinshed, ii. 35; _lerripoope_, Lyly, Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Prisius); -_leerypoope_, Sapho, i. 3 (Cryticus). Used in the sense of a trick, -_lerrepoop_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, i. 1 (Sir -Gregory); London Prodigal, iv. 1. 2. Cp. ‘lerry’, Linc. word for a trick -(EDD.). See =lerry.= - -=lirrypoope,= a silly person, Fletcher, Pilgrim, ii. 1. See Nares (s.v. -Liripoop). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. Lirripoop). - -=list,= a stripe of colour. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 306; Sir T. Browne, -Vulgar Errors, bk. vi, c. 11. Hence _listed_, striped, Milton, P. L. xi. -866. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. List, sb.^{1} 3). F. _liste_, a list -or selvedge (Cotgr.). - -=listeth, list,= _impers._ it is pleasing to; ‘Ys yt not lawfull for me -to do as me listeth with myne awne’, Tyndale, Matt. xx. 15; ‘Me list -. . . This idle task to undertake’, Peele, Arraignm. Paris, i. 2; ‘When -me lest’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 247. - -=litch-owl,= the ‘lich-owl’, screech-owl, whose cry portended death; -‘The shrieking Litch-owl that doth never cry But boding death’, Drayton, -The Owl, 302; _like-owle_, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. x, c. 23 (i. -283c). See EDD. (s.v. Lich). ME. _liche_, a body, a dead body (Chaucer). -OE. _līc_. - -=lithe, lythe,= a joint; _out of lythe_, out of joint, Morte Arthur, -leaf 58, back, 10; bk. iii, c. 13. ME. _lyth_, a limb (Prompt.). OE. -_lið_. - -=lither,= pliant, supple, yielding; ‘The lither skie’, 1 Hen. VI, iv. 7. -21; see NED. ‘Lither’ is used in this sense in Kent and Sussex, see EDD. -(s.v. Lither, adj.^{2}). Probably the same word as ‘lither’, lazy, -sluggish. OE. _lȳðre_, bad (morally and physically). - -=little-ease,= pillory, stocks; a very small compartment in a prison. -Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1. 9. Also called _small-ease_. See -Nares. - -=little-son,= a grandson. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 22 (in -Shak. Plut., p. 271). - -=liver.= Supposed to be the seat of love; to which idea allusions are -common. Temp. iv. 56; Merry Wives, ii. 1. 121. Also, the seat of -courage; Twelfth Nt. iii. 2. 22. To be _lily-livered_, or -_milk-livered_, or _pigeon-livered_, or _white-livered_, is to lack -courage, to be cowardly. - -=livery,= a suit of clothes bestowed on retainers or servants, 2 Hen. -IV, v. 5. 11; _instance of livery_, badge of service; Ford, Broken -Heart, iv. 1 (Nearchus). Hence _liveried_, ‘A thousand liveried angels -lackey her’, Milton, Comus, 455. F. _livrée_, ‘a delivery of a thing -that’s given, the thing so given, hence, a livery; ones cloth, colours, -or device worn by servants or others’ (Cotgr.); Med. L. _liberata_ -(Ducange). See Dict. - -=loave ears,= drooping ears. Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Morisco). - -=lob,= a lubber, a clown. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 10; Westward Ho, ii. 3 -(Birdlime). Cp. Du. _lobben_, ‘a lubbard, a clowne’ (Hexham). A -Lancashire word, see EDD. (s.v. Lob, sb.^{2}). - -=lobcock,= a lubber; a term of abuse. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 -(Merygreek); Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 3 (end). In prov. use in the north -country and in E. Anglia (EDD.). - -=Lob’s pound,= prison; also _fig._ a state of great difficulty or -entanglement; a fix. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer); Digby, -Elvira, ii. 1 (Chichon); Butler, Hud. i. 3. 910. Also _Hob’s pound_. See -Nares. - -=lodam,= the name of a game of cards; ‘_Carica l’asino_, the play at -cards that we call, Load him’ (Florio); in one form, called _losing -loadum_, the loser won the game, ‘_Coquimbert qui gaigne pert_, a game -at cards, like our losing Lodam’, Cotgrave; Shirley, The Wedding, ii. 3 -(Lodam). - -=lodesman,= a pilot, guide; ‘Lodesman of a shippe, Pilotte’, Palsgrave; -‘A lodes-man’, Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 184. ME. _lodesman_, pilot -(Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1488). OE. _lādmann_. - -=lodesmate,= (?) a travelling companion. Only in Gascoigne, Glasse Govt. -v. 3 (Phylocalus), in Poems (ed. 1870, ii. 77). - -=loffe,= to laugh. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 55. In EDD. _loff_ (_lough_) -is given as the infin. of ‘laugh’ in many parts of England (western from -Lanc. to Cornwall). In Lanc. they say ‘he lough’ for ‘he laughed’. ME. -_lough_, pret. of _laughe_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 248); OE. _hlōh_, -laughed. - -=loft,= uplifted, elated; ‘In neyther fortune loft, nor yet represt’, -Surrey, Of the death of Sir T. W., ii. 27, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 29; and -see the same Misc., p. 235, l. 11. - -=loggats,= a game in which thick sticks are thrown to lie as near as -possible to a stake fixed in the ground or a block of wood on a floor. -Hamlet, v. 1. 99. See EDD. - -=lol,= that which lolls; the tongue. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. -442. See EDD. (s.v. Loll, vb.^{2}: Loller, ‘the tongue’). - -=lollard,= lazy, idle, sluggish; ‘The lolearde Asse’, Turbervile, That -all things have release, st. 3. The word ‘lollard’ for a lazy person is -used in Cumberland (EDD.). - -=Lombard,= a native of Lombardy; ‘A Lumbarde, _longobardus_’, Levins, -Manip. 30; a Lombard engaged as a money-changer or pawnbroker, Greene, -Mourn. Garm. 44 (NED.); also, a money-lender’s office, a pawnshop, -Northward Ho, v. 1 (Kate). Norm. F. _lombard_, _lumbart_, ‘usurier, -prêteur sur gages’ (Moisy). See =lumber.= - -=lome,= a bucket. Mirror for Mag., Godwin, st. 55. ‘Loom’ is in use in -many parts of Scotland for a vessel of any kind, see EDD. (s.v. 4). - -=long,= to belong. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254. ME. -_longen_, to belong (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2278); OE. _langian_. - -=longee,= a ‘lunge’, a complimental bow to a lady. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. -159. See Dict. (s.v. Lunge). - -=longtails;= see =Kentish long-tails.= - -=loos,= praise, fame. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 12. ME. _los_, praise -(Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1514); OF. _los_, _loos_; O. Prov. _laus_, praise; -L. _laudes_, pl. of _laus_, praise. - -=loose,= the act of discharging an arrow. Middleton, Family of Love, -iii. 2. 5; Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 146). - -=lope,= to run. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s Song); Greene, -James IV, Induction (Bohan); Gascoigne, Fruites Warre, lii (NED.). They -say in Essex, ‘He went lopin’ along’, see EDD. (s.v. Loup, vb.^{1} 8). -Du. _loopen_, ‘to runne or to trot’ (Hexham). - - =lopeman,= a runner. Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iii. 4. 8. - -=lorel,= a worthless person, rogue, blackguard; ‘I am laureate, I am no -lorelle’, Skelton, Against Garnesche. See NED. ME. _lorel_, ‘Lewede -lorel!’ (P. Plowman, A. viii. 123). See =Cock Lorel.= - -=loring,= instruction. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 42. (A rime-word; formed fr. -_lore_.) - -=lote,= in Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 802, represents Gk. λωτός, some -kind of clover or trefoil, see NED. (s.v. Lote, sb.^{1} 2). - -=lought,= loath. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, i. 1 (Old Forrest); -vol. vi, p. 364. ‘Loft’ is in prov. use in Oxfordsh. and Kent as a -pronunc. of ‘loath’ (EDD.). - -=loup-garou,= a werwolf, a man changed into the form of a wolf. North, -tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Story of Timon). F. _loup-garou_; F. -_loup_, wolf + _garou_, a werwolf, cp. MHG. _werwolf_, man-wolf; OE. -_werewulf_, so that in _loup-garou_ there is a tautological repetition -of two words for ‘wolf’—one of Latin and the other of Teutonic origin. -See Hatzfeld. - -=lour, lowre,= money (Cant); ‘Lour to bouze with’, Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, ii. 1 (Prigg); Harman, Caveat, p. 85. - -=lourdain,= a general term of opprobrium, a sluggard, vagabond. -Puttenham, English Poesie, bk. i, ch. 13; Drayton, Sheph. Garl. (ed. -1593, K 2), see Nares; ‘Let alone makes mony lurdon’, Ray’s English -Proverbs (ed. 1678, p. 383). See EDD. (s.v. Lurdane). ME. _lordayne_ -(_lurdayn_), ‘lurco’ (Prompt. EETS. 269 and 272); OF. _lourdein_, ‘sot, -stupide’ (Roquefort), deriv. of _lourd_, heavy, dull. - -=loute,= to bend, bow, make obeisance. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; v. 8. -50. In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Lout, vb.^{2} 1). ME. _loute_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 683); OE. -_lūtan_, to stoop. - -=louver,= an aperture with a shutter or flap; ‘He put abrode the louvres -of the tente’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 10; spelt _lover_, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 42. A north-country word still in use (EDD.). ME. -_lovere_, ‘lodium’ (Prompt. EETS. 271, see note, no. 1294); OF. _lover_, -_lovier_ (Godefroy). - - =lover-hole,= an opening in a ‘louver’, Shirley, Honoria, iii. 4 - (Alamode). - -=love,= to praise, to appraise; ‘I love, as a chapman loveth his ware -that he wyll sell’, Palsgrave. ME. _loven_: ‘_lovon_ and bedyn as -chapmen’ (Prompt. EETS. 277); OE. _lofian_, to praise, to value; cp. G. -_loben_. - -=lovery,= a ‘louver’. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. v. 72. - -=loves.= The phrases _for all loves_, _of all loves_ (or _love_), _upon -all love_, _for love’s sake_, are all phrases indicating strong -entreaty, like our _for my sake_, _for his sake_. ‘Speake of all loves’, -Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 153. ‘Of all loves’ is a Derb. form of entreaty, -see EDD. (s.v. Love, sb.^{1} 3). - -=low-bell,= a hand-bell used in fowling, to make the birds lie close; -‘Take a low-bell which must have a deep and hollow sound’, Gentleman’s -Recreation, Fowling, 39 (Nares); ‘As timorous larks amazed are With -light and with a low-bell’, St. George for England, st. 5 (written in -1688), in Percy’s Reliques (ed. Bohn, ii. 329). It is probably this kind -of bell which Petruchio means when he says to Maria: ‘Peace, gentle -low-bell!’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3. - -=low-men,= loaded dice that produced low throws. London Prodigal, i. 1. -218. - -=lubric, lubrick,= incontinent, wanton. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 2 -(Win.); Dryden, Ode to Mrs. Killigrew, 63; B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 -(Crispinus). Med. L. _lubricus_, ‘impudicus, salax’ (Ducange). - -=lubrican,= the ‘leprechaun’; in Irish folk-lore, a pigmy sprite who -always carries a purse containing a shilling (NED.); ‘Your Irish -lubrican’, Dekker, Honest Wh., 2nd Pt. iii. 1 (Hippolito); Drayton, -Agincourt. For full particulars of this tricky little sprite, see Joyce, -English as we speak it in Ireland, 284. Irish _lupracán_ (also, -_lughracán_, _lugharcán_) a ‘leprechaun’ (Dinneen, p. 450). See EDD. -(s.v. Leprechaun). - -=lucern,= a lynx. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); _lucerns_ (= -θῶες), Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 417; id., Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); -_luzern_, Peele, Device of a Pageant. Cp. early mod. G. _lüchsern_, -pertaining to the lynx, deriv. of _luchs_, a lynx (NED.). - -=lug,= the ear. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (P. Canter); Return from -Parnassus (last scene); hence, _lugg’d_, furnished with ‘lugs’ or flaps, -Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 174. ‘Lug’ is very common in the -north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Lug, sb.^{2} 1). - -=lug,= a measure of land. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 11. In prov. use in the -Midlands and south-west counties from Warwicksh. to Somerset, see EDD. -(s.v. Lug, sb.^{3} 5). - -=lug,= to pull, drag about. Hamlet, iii. 4. 212; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 83; -‘Head-lugged bear’, King Lear, iv. 2. 42. In common colloq. use (EDD.). - -=lugge,= a stiff bow. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 28; ‘_Vastus arcus_, a -lugge or mighty bigge bowe’, Cooper. - -=lull,= pleasant soothing drink; ‘A Cup of blessed lull’, The London -Chanticleers, scene 9 (Heath). Not found elsewhere. - -=lumber,= a pawnbroking establishment; ‘_Mónte de piedád_, a lumber or -bancke to lend money for a yeare, for those that need, without -interest’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. Phr. _to put to lumber_, to put in pawn, -‘To put one’s Clothes to Lumbar, _pignori dare_’, Skinner. See -=Lombard.= - -=Luna,= an alchemist’s name for silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle). ME. ‘Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe’ (Chaucer, C. T. -G. 826). - -=lunary,= moonwort, the fern called _Botrychium Lunaria_. Drayton, -Nymphidia, st. 50; Lyly, Endimion, ii. 3 (End.); iv. 3 (Gyptes); Sapho, -iii. 3 (Ismena); B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). ME. _lunarie_ -(Chaucer). - -=lune,= a ‘loyn’ or thong for a hawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 104, back, 12; -bk. vi, c. 16. ME. _loigne_ (Rom. Rose, 3882). OF. _loigne_, a cord. -Med. L. _longia_, ‘lorum’ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Loyn). - -=lunes,= fits of frenzy, mad freaks. Winter’s Tale, ii. 2. 30. F. -_lune_, humour, whim; ‘_Il y a de la lune_, he is a foolish, humorous, -hare-brain’d, giddy-headed fellow’ (Cotgr.); cp. G. _laune_, whim, -humour; fr. L. _luna_, the moon. - -=lungis,= a long, slim fellow; one who is long in doing anything. -Beaumont and Fl., Knight B. Pestle, ii. 3. 4; ‘_Longis or a long -slymme_, _lungurio_’, Huloet; ‘_Lungis_, a slim slow-back, a drowsy or -dreaming Fellow’, Phillips (ed. 1706). F. ‘_Longis_, nom propre d’un -personnage légendaire, qui aurait percé de sa lance le flanc de Jésus -Christ; le sens est dû à l’influence de _long_: Celui qui est long à -faire qqch.’ (Hatzfeld). Longinus was said to have been the soldier who -pierced the Lord’s side with his lance (λόγχη); his martyrdom at -Caesarea in Cappadocia was commemorated March 15; see Dict. Christ -Antiq. (s.v.). - -=lupus est in fabula,= there is a wolf coming to interrupt our talk. A -proverb used on the occasion of a sudden silence; from the idea that a -man becomes dumb if a wolf happens to see him before the man sees the -wolf. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 322 (p. 93, col. 1); see Sir T. Browne, -Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, ch. 8. The superstition is referred to by -Virgil, Ecl. ix. 54. The proverb occurs in Terence, Adelphi, iv. 1. 21. -See Büchmann, Geflügelte Worte (ed. 1905, p. 441). - -=lurch,= to remain in or about a place secretly, esp. with an evil -design. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 26; to be beforehand in getting something, -to get hold of by stealth, Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 2; to deprive, -rob, Coriolanus, ii. 2. 106. A north-country word (EDD.). - -=lurden,= a term of reproach, Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 4. See -=lourdain.= - -=lush,= luxuriant, succulent. Temp. ii. 1. 52. In prov. use in Lakeland -and Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Lush, adj.^{1}). ME. _lusch_ or slak, ‘laxus’ -(Prompt.). - -=lusk,= to lie idle, to indulge in laziness. Warner, Alb. England, bk. -vi, ch. 30, st. 15. Cp. ‘lusk’, a Linc. word for an idle worthless -fellow (EDD.). Hence _luskye_, lazy; ‘Thy luskye nest’, Drayton, The -Owl, 111; _luskishness_, sluggishness, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 35. - -=lustick, lustique,= merry, jolly. All’s Well, ii. 3. 47; ‘Rusticke and -lusticke’, Dekker, Sir T. Wyatt (Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. Du. -_lustigh_, pleasant (Hexham); deriv. of _lust_, pleasure. See NED. - -=lustihead,= jollity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 51. - -=lustless,= listless, feeble. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 20; Gascoigne, -Jocasta, iii. 4. 2. ME. _lustles_ (Gower, C. A. ii. 2024; iv. 3455). - -=luxur,= an incontinent man. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. 1. 9. - -=luxury,= lasciviousness. Middleton, A Game at Chess, ii; A Mad World, -iii. 2 (Mis. H.); Hamlet, i. 5. 83. ME. _luxurie_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. -925). Late L. _luxuria_ (in Vulgate = ἀσωτία, Eph. v. 18). - -=luzern;= see =lucern.= - -=lyam;= see =liam.= - -=lycanthropi,= persons suffering from _lycanthropia_, or wolf-madness. -Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 3 (Franciscus); Ford, Lover’s -Melancholy, iii. 3 (Corax). Gk. λυκάνθρωπος, a wer-wolf, a man who -thought he was changed into a wolf, or who was thought by others to be -so changed. - -=lyers;= see =leare.= - -=lylse-wulse,= linsey-woolsey. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, 128. -_Lylsey_ is an older form of Linsey (Suffolk), where cloth was once -made. _Wulse_ furnishes a pun on the name of Wolsey. - -=lym,= a lyam-hound, or one held by a leash. King Lear, iii. 6. 72. -Short for _lyam-hound_. See =liam.= - -=lymiter;= see =limiter.= - -=lythe;= see =lithe.= - - - - - M - - -=M,= abbreviation for Master as a conventional title. Phr. _to have_ (or -_carry_) _an M under one’s girdle_, to use a respectful prefix (Mr. or -Mrs.) when addressing or mentioning a person; ‘You might carry an M -under your girdle to Mr. Deputy’s worship’, B. Jonson, &c., Eastward Ho, -iv. 1 (Constable); ‘Have you nere an M under your girdle’, Great Britons -Honycombe (Nares); ‘You might have an M under your Girdle, Miss’, Swift, -Polite Conversation; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 133. [‘Ye might hae -had an M under your belt for Mistress Wilson of Milnwood’, Scott, Old -Mortality, xxix.] - -=mace-proof,= proof against fear of bailiffs or mace-carrying serjeants. -Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Bonamico); Gamester, iii. 1 (Lord F.). - -=mackrel gale,= a fresh gale, when mackerel are more easily caught. -Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 456. - -=maculate,= to stain, defile. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 26, § -8; _maculated_, spotted, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 29, § -9. L. _maculare_, to spot; from _macula_, a spot. - -=mad=(=de,= a maggot or grub, esp. the larva which causes a disease in -sheep. Tusser, Husbandry, § 50; Best, Farming Books (Surtees Soc., 6); -Worlidge, Syst. Agric. 273; an earthworm, ‘Mooles take mads’, Warner, -Alb. England, ii. 9, st. 52; Holland, Pliny, ii. 361. See =mathe.= - -=maddle-coddle,= foolish. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 391. See EDD. (s.v. Maddle). - -=Madrill,= Madrid. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1 (Pedro); ii. 1 -(Alvarez); Marvell, Appleton House. Cp. Span. _Madrileño_, a native or -inhabitant of Madrid. - -†=magar,= some kind of ship. Only in Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 86; p. 90, -col. 2. - -=mage,= a magician. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 14. L. _magus_, pl. _magi_, -‘the Wise Men’ (Vulgate, Matt. ii. 1). - -=maggot-pate,= a light-headed whimsical person. Beaumont and Fl., Span. -Curate, iv. 5 (Milanes). - -=maggot-pye,= a magpie. Macbeth, iii. 4. 125; ‘_Gazzotto_, a -maggot-a-pie’, Florio. ‘Magot’ was a pet name for Margaret, see -Bardsley, English Surnames, 76. F. _Margot_, ‘diminutif très familier de -Marguerite, nom vulgaire de la pie’ (Littré). ‘Maggotty-pie’ is in prov. -use in Wilts., Somerset, and Cornwall for the magpie, see EDD. (s.v. -Maggot, sb.^{2}). - -=magisterium,= lit. mastery; a name for the ‘philosopher’s stone’. B. -Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). See Ducange. - -=magnificate,= to magnify; ‘A church reformed state, The which the -female tongues magnificate’, Marston, Sat. ii. 42; ridiculed by Jonson, -Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); p. 130. - -=magnificence,= liberality of expenditure combined with good taste. -Massinger, Renegado, ii. 4 (Vitelli); Duke of Milan, iii. 1 (Charles). -Cp. Chaucer, C. T. I. 736. - -=magnificent,= munificent, liberal. Massinger, Emp. of the East, ii. 1 -(Theodosius); Parl. of Love, iv. 1 (Dinant). - -=maid,= a name given to the thornback and skate, when young. A Woman -never vexed, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 112; Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104; -Gay, Trivia, ii. 292. In prov. use in Ireland and various parts of -England, see EDD. - -=mail,= in hawking, to tie or wrap up a hawk with a girdle or kerchief, -to secure her. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain); Fletcher and -Rowley, Maid in the Mill, iii. 3 (Gerasto). See NED. (s.v. Mail, vb.^{3} -2). - -=main,= in the game of hazard, a number (from five to nine inclusive) -called by the caster before the dice are thrown; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 47; -_mains_, throws at dice; Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Quadratus). See -NED. (s.v. Main, sb.^{3} 1). - -=mainprize,= suretyship, acceptance of suretyship. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. -60; Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iv. 1 (Reignald); ‘_Mainprise_, the -receiving a man into friendly custody, that otherwise is or might be -committed to prison, upon security given for his forthcoming at a day -assigned’, Cowell, Interpreter (ed. 1637). Anglo-F. _maynprys_ (Rough -List). - -=maiordomo,= ‘major-domo’, the chief officer or servant of a princely or -wealthy household. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4 (ed. Arber, -158). Span. _mayordomo_, a steward (Stevens). - -=maistry,= a competitive feat of strength or skill. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 17, § 4; _masteries_, Bacon, Essay 19, § 3. - -=make,= a companion, husband, wife. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 7; iii. 11. 2. -Hence _makeless_, widowed, Shak., Sonnet 9. ME. _make_, a mate, equal, -match; a wedded companion, husband or wife (Chaucer). Still in use in -these senses in Scotland, also in England in many parts from the north -to Glouc. OE. _gemaca_. - - =makeless,= matchless, incomparable, Mirror for Mag, Buckingham, - st. 13. - -=make-bate,= a mischief-maker, promoter of quarrels. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, ii. 573 (ed. Arber, 62); BIBLE, 2 Tim. iii. 3 (margin); Titus -ii. 3 (margin); ‘Satan the author and sower of discord stirred up his -instruments, certain Frenchmen, tittivillers and makebaits about the -King’, Foxe, Bk. Martyrs (ed. Cattley, ii. 648); Heywood, A Woman -Killed, iii. 2 (Nicholas). In prov. use in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Make, -vb.^{1} 3). - -=making,= a match-making, matching. Middleton, A Trick to catch, iii. 3 -(Witgood). - -=malakatoon,= a quince, a peach grafted on a quince. Webster, Devil’s -Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio); _malicatoon_, Rowley, All’s Lost, i. 3. 15. -See =melocotone.= - -=malander, mallander,= a dry scabby eruption behind the knee in horses. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 94; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem). -F. _malandre_; Late L. _malandria_, pl. pustules on the neck, esp. in -horses (Vegetius). - -=male,= a bag, wallet, pack. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 142. 2; ‘Male or -wallet, to putte geare in’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. 4. ME. -_male_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3115). See Dict. (s.v. Mail, 2). - -=male-ease,= indisposition, illness. Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 2; -bk. viii, c. 41. F. _malaise_. - -=malefice,= an evil deed. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1154. L. -_maleficium_, evil deed. - -=malengin, malengine,= evil contrivance, ill intent, deceit. Spenser, F. -Q. iii. 1. 53; v. 9. 5. ME. _malengin_: ‘The florin Was moder ferst of -malengin’ (Gower, C. A. v. 345). Anglo-F. _malengin_, evil device -(Gower, Mirour, 6544); cp. _engin_, device, trickery, id., 2102. - -=maleur,= misfortune. Spelt _maleheure_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 169. -1; _maleure_, id., lf. 244, back, 22. OF. _maleur_; L. _malum augurium_, -evil destiny. - -=maleurous,= unlucky. Spelt _malewreus_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 82. -26. OF. _maleuros_ (F. _malheureux_). - -=maleurtee,= misfortune. Spelt _maleheurte_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf -338. 15. See NED. - -=male-uryd,= ill-omened, unlucky. Skelton, Against the Scottes, 111. See -=ure= (destiny). - -=malgrado,= ‘maugre’, in despite of, to the loss of; ‘Malgrado of his -honour’, Greene, Orl. Fur. v. 2 (Orlando); Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5. 5. -Ital. _malgrado_, ‘in despight of’ (Florio). Cp. =maugre.= - -=malice,= to regard with malice, seek to injure. Surrey. Complaint of a -Lover that defied Love, 34 (in Tottell’s Misc., p. 8); North, tr. of -Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 13 (in Shak. Plut., p. 23). See Nares. - -=malkin,= an untidy female servant, a slut, slattern. Coriolanus, ii. 1. -227; Pericles, iv. 3. 34; used as a term of abuse, a lewd woman, spelt -_maukin_, Beaumont and Fl., The Chances, iii. 1 (Landlady); Death of E. -Huntington, ii. 1 (Hubert), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 258. ‘Malkin’ -(‘Mawkin’) is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland for a slattern, -and as a term of abuse, see EDD. (s.v. Mawkin, 2). It is prop. a dimin. -of the Christian name _Maud_ (ME. _Malde_), a F. equivalent of -_Matilda_. - -=mall,= a club. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 51; an iron club, id., iv. 5. 42. -As vb., to beat down, id., v. 11. 8. - -=malleation,= the test of hammering. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). -From L. _malleus_, a hammer. - -=malleted,= infixed as if by a ‘mallet’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. -649. - -=maltalent,= ill-will. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 61. ME. _maltalent_, -ill-will, ill-humour (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 273 and 330); Anglo-F. -_maltalant_, ill-humour (Ch. Rol. 271). - -=mammer,= to waver, to be undecided. Othello, iii. 3. 70; Drant, tr. -Horace, 2 Sat. 3. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _mamere_, ‘mutulare’ -(Voc. 668. 26). See Nares. - -=mammet,= a puppet, an odd figure, freq. used as a term of abuse. Romeo, -iii. 5. 186; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 95; spelt _maumet_, Machin, The Dumb -Knight, iii. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mommet). ME. _maumet_, an -idol, a false god (Chaucer, C. T. I. 860); OF. _mahumet_, an idol, orig. -Mahomet, who was supposed to be one of the false gods of the Saracens -(Ch. Rol. 2590). - -=mammock,= a scrap, shred. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 654; to tear into -shreds, Coriolanus, i. 3. 71. ‘Mammock’, a broken piece, scrap, slice of -food; to cut into pieces—in prov. use (EDD.). - -=mammothrept,= a spoiled child, weakling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, -iv. 1 (Amorphus). Gk. μαμμόθρεπτος, brought up by one’s grandmother. - -=man,= to ‘squire’, or accompany a lady, to escort. Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 291); Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (Amaranta). - -=manable,= used of a girl of marriageable age. Middleton, Family of -Love, iv. 4 (Gudgeon); ‘She’s manable’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, ii. -1 (Otrante). - -=manage,= management, control. Richard II, iii. 3. 179; Edw. III, iii. -3. 224. - -=manchet,= a small loaf of white bread. Drayton, Pol., Song, xvi. 229; -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Roger). In prov. use in Yorks., Lanc., -and in the west country (EDD.). Norm. F. _manchette_, ‘pain à croûte -dure, inégale, fait en forme de couronne’ (Moisy). Prob. the same word -as F. _manchette_, a cuff (Hatzfeld). - -=manderer;= see =maunder.= - -=mandilion,= a soldier’s cloak. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, x. 120; -Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iv. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares. Ital. -_mandiglione_, a jacket (Florio), deriv. of Med. L. _mantile_, cp. Span. -_mantilla_. See Dozy, Glossaire, 299. - -=mandragora,= mandrake. Othello, iii. 3. 330; Ant. and Cl. i. 5. 4. Gk. -μανδραγόρας. - -=mandrake,= the plant _Atropa mandragora_; of a strong narcotic quality. -Its root was thought to resemble the human figure, and to cause madness -by its shriek or groan when torn from the ground. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. -310; Romeo, iv. 3. 47; a term of abuse, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 16; iii. 2. -342. - -=mandritta, mandrita,= in fencing, a cut from right to left. Nabbes, -Microcosmos, i. 2 (Choler); Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 56. -Ital. _mandritto_, _manritto_, ‘a right handed blow’ (Florio). - -=maner, manner:= in phr. _to be taken with the maner_, to be taken in -the act. BIBLE, Num. v. 13 (ed. 1611); also, in the Geneva Bible (1562); -1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 350; Winter’s Tale, iv. 3 (or 4), 755. ‘If the -Defendant were taken with the mainour (or manour)’, Cowell, Interpreter -(s.v. Mainour); ‘He is taken with the maynure’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. ii. c. 7, § 6. Compare the Anglo-F. legal phrase _pris ov mainoure_, -and the L. _cum manuopere captus_, i.e. taken with the thing stolen in -one’s possession (Ducange, s.v. Manopera); _mainoure_, lit. hand-work, -acquired the legal sense of ‘thing stolen’. Later, to be taken _in the_ -(_i’th_) _manner_, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 4. 8. See Dict. (s.v. -Mainour). - -=mangonize,= to sell men or boys for slaves. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. -1 (Tucca). L. _mangonizare_, to trim up an article for sale (Pliny); -_mango_, a dealer in slaves and wares. - -=manicon,= the name of a narcotic, obtained from a kind of night-shade, -so called from its supposed power of causing madness; ‘(Who) Bewitch -hermetic men to run Stark staring mad with manicon’, Butler, Hud. iii. -1. 324. See Alphita, 176 (under Strignus manicon, and Solatrum mortale). -Cp. Gk. στρύχνος μανικός (Dioscorides). - -=maniple,= a handful, bundle. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Dia.); a -band of men, Milton, Areopagitica (ed. Hales, 48). See Dict. - -=manner;= see =maner.= - -=manred,= the men whom the lord could call upon in time of war; hence, a -supply of fighting men; ‘Manred and retinew’, Holland, Camden’s Brit., -Scot. ii. 17 (NED.); Phaer, Aeneid vii, 644 and 710 (L. orig. ‘cohors’). -OE. _mannrǣden_, homage, service due from tenants. - -=manticore,= a fabulous animal, compounded of a lion, porcupine, and -scorpion, with a human head. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 118 and 124; -‘Mantichoras, monstrous beasts’, Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, -v (Butler). Gk. μαντιχώρας, a corrupt reading for μαρτιχόρας in -Aristotle; from a Persian word meaning ‘man-eater’. See NED. - -=manto,= a cloak. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 700. Ital. _manto_. - -=mantoon,= a mantle. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). Ital. -_mantone_, _manto_, a cloak (Florio). - -=manurage,= cultivation of land. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, c. 14, -st. 1. - -=map,= a mop. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Soto); ‘Map’ is a Yorks. -pronunc. of ‘mop’ (EDD.). - -=maquerelle,= a bawd, a procuress. Westward Ho, v. 3; Shirley, Triumph -of Peace (Second Antimasque). F. _maquerelle_, ‘a (woman) bawd, the -solicitrix of Lechery’ (Cotgr.). - -=marablane,= an Oriental aromatic. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 -(Spaniard). See =myrobalane.= - -=marasmus,= a wasting away of the body. Milton, P. L. xi. 487. Gk. -μαρασμός. - -=marchesite;= ‘marcasite’; a kind of iron pyrites. B. Jonson, Alchem. -ii. 1 (Surly). Ital. _marchesita_, _marcasita_, ‘a marquesit, or -fire-stone, good to make mill-stones’ (Florio). - -=marcussotte,= to cut the beard in a particular way; ‘And with a sythe -doth marcussotte his bristled berd’, Golding, Metam. xiii. 766; fol. 163 -(1603). F. _Barbe faicte à la marquisotte_, ‘Cut after the Turkish -fashion; all being shaven away but the mustachoes’ (Cotgr.). - -=mare,= the nightmare. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 83. ME. _mare_ or nyȝhte mare, -‘epialtes’ (Prompt.). OE. _mare_, Icel. _mara_. - -=mare:= in phr. _to ride the wild mare_, to play at see-saw. 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 268; _the two-legged mare_, the gallows, Like Will to Like, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 335, 345. - -=mare;= ‘the blues’, melancholy; ‘Away the mare’, Skelton, Elynour -Rummyng, 110; ‘Let pass away the mare’, Calisto and Melibæa, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 57. - -=mare,= a term in wrestling; a particular kind of grip. Drayton, Pol. i. -244. Also called _the flying mare_; see NED. - -=mareyse,= a marsh. Morte Arthur, leaf 113. 5; bk. vi, c. 14; lf. 217. -17; bk. x, c. 1. OF. _mareis_; Med. L. _mariscus_ (Ducange). - -=margaret, margarite,= a pearl. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 76; p. 90, col. -1; A Looking-Glasse, i. 1. 100 (Rasni). F. _Marguerite_, ‘Margaret (a -woman’s name); also a (Margarite) pearl’ (Cotgr.). L _margarita_, Gk. -μαργαρίτης, a pearl. - -=marge,= margin, brink, border. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 6. Drayton, Pol. -ii. 25. F. _marge_. - -=margery-prater,= a hen (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen); -Harman, Caveat, p. 83. _Prater_ = cackler. - -=marginal finger,= an index-hand in the margin of a book (☞); used to -direct attention to a striking passage. Massinger, Fatal Dowry (Romont; -towards the end). - -=mark,= a coin worth 13_s._ 4_d._, or 2/3 of the £ sterling. Measure for -M. iv. 3. 7; King John, ii. 530. - -=mark-white,= white mark, centre. Phr. _at the marke white_, at the -white mark in the centre of a target, Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; cp. _the -white_, Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 186. And see =rove.= - -=marle,= to marvel, wonder. Eastward Ho, iii. 2 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, Induct. (Carlo); a marvel, B. Jonson, Silent -Woman, iii. 1 (Mrs. Otter). A Devon and Somerset pronunc., see EDD. -(s.v. Marl, vb.^{3}). - -=marlian,= a merlin, small hawk. Song in Tottel’s Misc., p. 132, l. 1. A -Cornish pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Marlin). - -=marling,= a ‘marline’, a small tarred cord used for binding ropes. -Dryden, Annus Mirab. 148. See Dict. (s.v. Marline). - -=marmaritin,= a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. -_marmaritis_; Gk. μαρμαρῖτις, a plant that grows in marble quarries -(Pliny). - -=marmoll,= an enflamed sore, esp. on the leg. Skelton, Magnyfycence, -1932. See =mortmal.= - -=marrow,= a companion, partner, mate. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57, st. 40; -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 195. In common prov. use in the -north to Cheshire and Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Marrow, sb.^{2} 1). ME. -_marwe_, ‘socius, sodalis, compar’ (Prompt.). - -=marry gip= (an exclamation); ‘Marry gip, thought I, with a wanion!’, -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Waspe); -cp. the oath, _By Mary Gipcy_ (i.e. by S. Mary of Egypt), Skelton, Garl. -of Laurell, 1455. - -=marry gup= (an exclamation); _marie gup!_, Lyly, Midas, v. 2 (Licio) -See NED. (s.v. Marry, int., c). - -=marry muff,= some kind of cheap textile fabric; ‘A sute of Marrymuffe’, -Meeting of Gallants (NED.). Used as a derisive exclamation, Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront). - -=Mars,= an alchemist’s name for iron. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). - -=mart:= phr. _letters of mart_, _letters of marque_, Fletcher, Beggar’s -Bush, i. 3 (Goswin); Wife for a Month, ii. 1 (Tony). See Dict. (s.v. -Marque). - -=martagan,= martagon, Turk’s-cap lily; _Lilium martagon_. B. Jonson, Sad -Sheph. ii. 2 (Aiken). F. ‘_martagon de Constantinople_, the Byzantine -Lilly’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _martagone_; Turk. _martagān_, a kind of turban, -a martagon-lily. - -=martel,= to hammer. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 42. OF. _marteler_, deriv. -of OF. _martel_, a hammer. - -=martern,= the ‘marten’, an animal of the weasel kind. Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); Harrison, Descript. England, ii. 19 (ed. -Furnivall, 310). See Dict. (s.v. Marten). - -=martialist,= a military man. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 17. - -=Martlemas,= Martinmas. St. Martin’s day, Nov. 11. Meat was often killed -at this time to be salted for use at Christmas, Greene, George-a-Greene -(ll. 439, 1001), ed. Dyce, p. 260, col. 1; p. 266, col. 1; _Martilmas_, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 134. 21; Tusser, § 12. 3. An E. Anglian form -of Martinmas (EDD.). - -=mary, maree,= marrow. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 66; _maree_, Golding, -tr. of Met. ix. 172. ME. _mary_ (Chaucer, C. T. C. 542); _mary-bones_, -marrow-bones (id., C. T. A. 380). - -=maryhinchco, maryhinchcho,= a disease to which horses are subject; ‘She -has had a string-halt, the maryhinchco’, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 -(Knockem). Markham explains it thus: ‘The string-halt, of some called -the mary-hinchcho, is a sodaine twitching up of the horses hinder -legges’ (NED.). - -=mash,= to become enmeshed or entangled. Warner, Albion’s England, vi. -29, st. 27. See NED. (s.v. Mesh, vb.). - -=maship,= a shorter form of _mastership_, as a term of respect. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 2 (Merygreek). - -=mask,= the ‘mesh’ of a net. Brewer, Lingua, ii. 6 (Mendacio). A -Cheshire pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Maske). ME. _maske_, ‘macula’ -(Prompt.); OE. _max_, cp. Dan. _maske_. See NED. (s.v. Mask, sb.^{1}). - -=masticot, masticote,= ‘massicot’, yellow protoxide of lead, used as a -pigment. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 13; pp. 130, 132. F. _massicot_, -‘oaker [ochre] made of Ceruse, or white lead’ (Cotgr.). - -=mastlin,= mixed corn, esp. a mixture of wheat and rye. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 63. 23; ‘_Metail_, Messling or Masslin, Wheat and Rie -mingled, sowed and used together’, Cotgrave. ME. _mestlyon_ or mongorne, -‘mixtilio’ (Prompt. EETS. 286). ‘Meslin’ is in gen. prov. use in England -and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Maslin, sb.^{1}). - -=mastlin, maslin,= a kind of brass. Brewer, Lingua, iv. 1 (Heuresis). In -prov. use as an attrib.: maslin kettles, pans, pots, spoons, see EDD. -(s.v. Maslin, sb.^{2}). ME. _maslin_, also, _mestling_ (NED.); OE. -_mæs_(_t_)_ling_ (B. T.). - -=masty,= a mastiff. Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 4 (Witgood); used -_fig._ of a cannon (from its noise). Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, iv. 1 -(near the end). In prov. use in the north (EDD.). F. _mastin_, a mastive -(Cotgr.); with change of suffix, cp. _haughty_ (F. _hautain_). - -=matachin,= a kind of sword-dancer in a fantastic costume; ‘They looked -upon one another as if they had been Matachines’, Luna’s Pursuit (NED.); -see Douce, Illustrations of Shakespeare, ii. 435, quotation in Nares. -Also, the dance performed by ‘matachins’, Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 -(Miramont); spelt _mattacina_, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 38). -Span. _matachin_, ‘a sword-dancer; as _dança de matachines_, a dance -with swords, in which they fence and strike at one another, as if they -were in earnest; receiving the blows on their bucklers, and keeping -time’ (Stevens). Of Arab. origin, see Dozy, 309. - -=matador,= the slayer of the bull in a Spanish bull-fight. Dryden, Span. -Friar, i. 2 (Elvira). Also, in the card-games of ombre and quadrille, a -‘killing’ or principal card, Pope, Rape of the Lock, 321, 335; Etherege, -Man of Mode, ii. 1 (Medley). Span. _matador_, a killer; ‘At the game of -Hombre on the cards, there are four _Matadores_; that is, four murdering -cards; so called because they win all others’ (Stevens). - -=matchecold,= machicolated; i.e. furnished with machicolations, which -are openings between the corbels that support a projecting parapet of a -tower; Morte Arthur, leaf 113, back; bk. vii, c. 10 (beginning). F. -_maschecoulis_, ‘the stones over a gate resembling a grate through which -offensive things are thrown upon Pioneers and other assailants’ -(Cotgr.). - -=matchless,= of things that are not a match, or pair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. -1. 28. - -=mathe,= a maggot. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 18. 8, § 45; Caxton, -Reynard, xxviii (ed. Arber, 69). OE. _maða_ (Voc. 205. 8). See -=mad=(=de==.= - -=matted,= dulled, deprived of lustre or gloss; ‘Oile colours matted’, -Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 12a (Appendix D. 116). See NED. (s.v. Mat, vb. -2). - -=maugre,= to act in spite of, to defy. Webster, Appius, ii. 3 (App. -Claudius). F. _maugréer_, ‘to curse, ban, blaspheme, revile extreamly’ -(Cotgr.). See =malgrado.= - -=maukin;= see =malkin.= - -=maule,= a heavy hammer. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. See =mall.= - -=maumet;= see =mammet.= - -=maund,= to beg (Cant). ‘One that maunds Upon the pad’ [highway], B. -Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy Canter); ‘_Maunde_, aske . . . -_hygh pad_, hygh waye’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Maund on your own pads’, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Hence, _maunder_, a beggar, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See EDD. (s.v. Maund, vb.). OF. -_mandier_ (F. _mendier_), to beg (Bartsch), L. _mendicare_. - -=maunder,= to beg. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, v. 1 (De Vitry); hence -_maunderer_: ‘a maunderer upon the pad’, a beggar on the road, Dekker -and Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Teareat). - -=maunder,= to grumble, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 1 (Margarite). In -gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). - -=maundie,= a maundy-dole; hence, almsgiving. Herrick, Noble Numbers (The -Widow’s Teares), st. 3. ME. _maundee_, ‘maundy’, the washing of the -disciples’ feet (P. Plowman, B. xvi. 140, see note, p. 239); OF. -_mandé_,’ lavement des pieds’ (Didot); Eccles. L. _mandatum_, -commandment (Vulgate, John xiii. 34); ‘ablutio pedum’ (Ducange). - -=mauther,= a young girl. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril). Spelt -_moether_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 17, st. 13. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). - -=maw,= a game at cards. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 1. 16; Chapman, Mayday, -Act v (Lodovico). See Nares. - -=may,= a maiden. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 39; Greene, Description of -the Shepherd, l. 57; ed. Dyce, p. 305. Of frequent occurrence in -Scottish Ballads, see EDD. (s.v. May, sb.^{2}). ME. _mai_ (Cursor M. -3238); OE. _mǣg_, a kinswoman, a maiden. - -=May-game,= a mirthful spectacle (metaphorically). Ford, Lover’s -Melancholy, i. 2. 10. ‘May games’ were the dancings and merry-makings -round the May-pole, after the gathering of the May. See Stubbes, Anatomy -of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, pp. 149, 305); Herrick’s Hesperides (Corinna’s -going a-Maying), &c. - -=May-lord,= a young man chosen to preside over May-day festivities. -Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Knight of the B. Pestle, -iv. 5. - -=mayneal;= see =menial.= - -=maynure;= see =maner.= - -=mazard, mazzard,= the head. Hamlet, v. 1. 97; Othello, ii. 3. 155. -Spelt _mazer_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 2 (Fustigo). A _fig._ use -of _mazer_, a bowl. See Dict., and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 183. - - =mazard,= to knock on the head, kill; ‘If I had not been a - spirit, I had been mazarded’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin - Goodfellow). - -=meach;= see =mich.= - -=meacock,= an effeminate person, a coward; ‘A meacock wretch’, Tam. -Shrew, ii. 1. 315; spelt _mecocke_, ‘As stout as a stockefish, as meeke -as a mecocke’, Appius and Virginia (NED.). - -=mean,= in music, the tenor or middle part, Two Gent. i. 2. 95. In use -in Warwicksh. as late as 1850, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, sb.^{1} 1). Cp. It. -_mezzano_, ‘a mean or countertenor in musick’, Florio. ME. _mene_, of -songe, ‘Introcentus’ (Prompt. EETS.), also, ‘A _Meyne_, intercentus’ -(Cath. Angl.). - -=mean,= to lament, ‘moan’. Mids. Night’s D. v. 1. 331. A north-country -word for uttering a moaning sound, see EDD. (s.v. Mean, vb.^{2} 1). ME. -_mene_, to bemoan (Cursor M. 18255). OE. _mǣnan_, to lament. - -=meane,= mien, look. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 11. Probably an aphetic form -of _demean_, see NED. (s.v. Mien). - -=mease,= a mess, portion of food. Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 2 (570); -p. 124, col. 2; a group of four, ‘A mease of men, _quatuor_’, Levins, -Manip. _Mease_ is a Yorks. form of _mess_, see EDD. (s.v. Mess, -sb.^{1}). ME. _mese_, ‘ferculum’ (Cath. Angl.); _mees_ of mete, -‘ferculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 286). F. _més_, ‘a messe or service of meat’ -(Cotgr.). See =mess.= - -=meath,= ‘mead’; a sweet drink made with honey. Drayton, Pol. iv. 112; -B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.); Milton, P. L. v. 345. ‘Meath’, a -drink made with honey, is in prov. use in Cheshire, Pembroke, Somerset, -and Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Mead, sb.^{2}). - -=meaze,= the ‘form’ of a hare. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). -See =muse.= - -=mechal,= adulterous. Only in Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (O. Ger.); -Rape of Lucrece, iv. 3 (Sextus). Gk. μοιχός, an adulterer. - -=mecocke;= see =meacock.= - -=meddle, medle,= to mingle, mix. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 61; Shep. Kal., -April, 68. OF. _medler_, _mesler_ (F. _mêler_), to mix. - -=meech;= see =mich.= - -†=meered;= ‘He being the meered question’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 10. -Formation and sense doubtful; Schmidt explains: he being the only cause -and subject of the war. - -=meet,= to be even with; ‘I have heard of your tricks . . . I may live -To meet thee’, Fletcher, Hon. Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Montague); id., -Rule a Wife, v. 3 (Leon). Also, _to meet with_; ‘I’ll meet with you anon -for interrupting me so’, Marlowe, Faust, x; ‘I shall find time to meet -with them’, Englishmen for any Money, iii. 2 (Pisaro), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, x. 513. See Nares. - -=meg,= a guinea. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). See -NED. - -=meg-holly, by the,= a mild oath. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. i, p. -40. - -=meint, meynt,= mingled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 81; _ment_, F. Q. v. -5. 12; vi. 6. 25. ‘Ment’ is obsolescent in the north country, see EDD. -(s.v. Ment, pp.). ME. _meynt_, pp. of _mengen_ (Lydgate, Storie of -Thebes, 1260). OE. _mengan_, to mix. See Dict. M. and S. - -=meiny, meinie,= a body of retainers. King Lear, ii. 4. 35; the common -herd, Coriolanus, iii. 1. 65. Of freq. occurrence in north-country -ballad literature for a company of followers, also, a crowd, throng, -multitude, see EDD. (s.v. Menyie). ME. _meynè_, a household, family -(Wyclif, Acts iii. 25). OF. _maisnée_, ‘famille’ (La Curne), see Ducange -(s.v. Maisnada). A deriv. of L. _mansio_ (an abode). See =menial.= - -=mell,= to meddle, to have to do with. All’s Well, iv. 3. 257; Spenser, -F. Q. v. 9. 1; v. 12. 35. In common prov. use in Scotland, also in -Yorks. and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. Mell, vb.^{2} 1. to mingle, 2. to -meddle). ME. _melle_, to mix (Hampole, Ps. ix. 9). OF. _meller_, -_mesler_ (F. _mêler_). - -=mell,= honey. Gascoigne, Works, i. 102; Herrick, Hesperides, Pray and -Prosper, 4. L. _mel_. - -=melocotone,= a peach grafted on a quince. Bacon, Essay 46; melicotton, -B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Winwife). Span. _melocoton_, Med. L. -_melum cotoneum_, Gk. μῆλον Κυδώνιον, ‘Cydonian apple’ (NED.). See -=malakatoon.= - -=melotte,= a garment of skins, worn by monks. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, -866. L. _melota_ (Vulgate); Gk. μηλωτή, a sheepskin; also, a skin of any -animal (Heb. xi. 37). See Prompt. EETS. 191 (and Latin Glossary, p. -819). - -=menial,= a servant of the household; ‘The great Housekeeper of the -World . . . will never leave any of his menials without the bread of -sufficiency’, Bp. Hall, Balm Gilead, xii. § 4; _mayneal_, Morte Arthur, -leaf 215, back, 35; bk. x, c. 11. See =meiny.= - -=ment;= see =meint.= - -=merce,= to ‘amerce’, to fine. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, i -(Sir Wil. Scarborow; l. 12 from end). - -=merchant,= a fellow, a chap. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 57; Romeo, ii. 4. 153; -Latimer, Serm., 115 (Nares). Phr. _to play the merchant with_, to get -the better of, to cheat, Rowley, Woman never Vext, iv. 1. 51. - -=mercify,= to pity. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 32. - -=mercurial finger,= the little finger. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). -In chiromancy the little finger was assigned to Mercury. - -=merds,= fæces, excrement. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). L. _merda_. - -=mere, mear,= a boundary, limit; spelt _meare_. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. -46; Drayton, Pol. xix. 405. Hence, _meer-stone_, Bacon, Essay 56, § 1. -In gen. prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Mear). ME. _mere_ (Prompt, EETS. 286). -OE. _ge_)_mǣre_, boundary. - -=mere, mear,= to mark out by means of ‘meres’; ‘The Latine name Which -mear’d her rule with Africa’, Spenser, Ruines Rome, xxii; _to mear on_, -to abut upon, border upon, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iii. 520. - -=mere,= absolute, complete, unqualified, Merry Wives, iv. 5. 64; wholly, -completely, All’s Well, iii. 5. 58; Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 4. 9; -_merely_, absolutely, entirely, Temp. i. 1. 21; Hamlet, i. 2. 137. - -=meridian,= a period of repose at noon; ‘Ye, a meridian to lul him by -daylight’, Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 30. Monastic L. _meridiana_, -‘somnus meridianus’ (Ducange). Cp. Ital. _meriggiána_, ‘midday; a -pleasant shady place to feed, to rest, or sleep, and recreate in at -noon, or in the heat of the day’ (Florio). - -=mermaid,= a cant term for a courtesan. Massinger, Old Law, iv. 1 -(Agatha). - -=merrygall, merrygald,= a gall or sore produced by chafing; ‘Heales a -merrygald’, Turbervile, Hunting, p. 139; ‘Merry-gals and raw places’, -Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxi, c. 18; vol. ii. 101. - -=mesel,= a foul person; used as a term of abuse; spelt _messel_, London -Prodigal, ii. 4. 74; iv. 1. 78. In Devon and Somerset, _meazle_ is used -as a term of abuse, meaning a filthy creature. ME. _mesel_, a leper -(Wyclif, Matt. x. 8). OF. _mesel_ ‘lépreux’ (Didot); O. Prov. _mezel_, -‘lépreux’, _mezelia_, ‘lèpre’ (Levy). - -=mesprise,= contempt, scorn. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 39. F. _mespris_, -‘contempt, neglect’ (Cotgr.), deriv. of _mespriser_, to fail to -appreciate. F. _mépris_. - -=mesprize,= mistake. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 19. Anglo-F. _mesprise_, -error, offence (Gower, Mirour, 1548). F. _méprise_, cp. _mesprendre_, to -mistake (Cotgr.). - -=mess,= a group of four persons or things; ‘Where are your mess of sons -to back you now?’, 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 73; L. L. L. iv. 3. 207; ‘There -lacks a fourth thing to make up the mess’, Latimer, Serm. v; ‘A mess of -most eminent men, Nicolaus Lyra . . . Hieronymus de Sanctâ Fide . . . -Ludovicus Carettus . . . Emmanuel Tremellius’, Fuller, A Pisgah Sight, -Pt. ii, bk. 5; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, 393); Heywood, Witches of Lanc. -i. 1 (Shakstone), in Wks. iv. 173. A ‘mess’ at the Inns of Court still -consists of four. See Trench, Select Glossary. See EDD. (s.v. Mess, -sb.^{1} 4). F. _més_, ‘a messe or service of meat’ (Cotgr ). Med. L. -_missus_ (Ducange). See =mease.= - -=messe:= phr. _by the messe_, by the mass, used in oaths and -asseverations. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2201; ‘By the Mes’, Hen. V, iii. -2. 122; also, _mess_ by itself, ‘Mess! I’d rather kiss these -Gentlewomen’, Congreve, Love for Love, iii. 3 (Ben). This asseveration -is still in prov. use in various forms in the north country: _By th’ -mass_ (Lanc.); _By th’ mess_ (Westm.); _Amess, Mess_ (Cumb.), see EDD. -(s.v. Mass, sb.^{1} 3). F. _messe_, the mass, the Eucharist. - -=messling;= see =mastlin.= - -=met,= measure. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 333. A north-country word for a -measure, gen. a bushel, see EDD. (s.v. Mete). ME. _mette_, ‘mensura’ -(Cath. Angl.). OE. _ge_)_met_, ‘mensura, modius, satum’ (B. T.). - -=mete,= to measure; _met_, pt. t., Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 327; -_mete_, pp. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. ME. _meten_ (Wyclif, -Matt. vii. 2). OE. _metan_. - -=metely,= moderately; ‘Metely good’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, -c. 16. OE. _ge_)_met ice_. - -=metereza,= mistress. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Sinquapace); -_metreza_, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). Neither French nor -Italian, but a mixture of the two (Nares). An alteration of F. -_maîtresse_, with an Italian termination. - -=metoposcopy,= divination by observing the forehead. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1 (Subtle). Gk. μέτωπο-ν, forehead; σκοπεῖν, to observe. - -=meuse;= see =muse.= - -=meve,= to move; ‘I meve or styrre from a place, _je meuve_’, Palsgrave; -Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; _meeve_, Damon and Pithias -(Nares); _mieve_, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 26. ‘Meve’ is an E. Anglian -form (EDD.). ME. _mevyn_, ‘amoveo’ (Prompt.). OF. _moev-_ (_meuv-_), -stressed stem of _movoir_, to move. - -=mew,= to moult. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, ii. 2 (Martell); Wildgoose -Chase, i. 1 (La Castre). F. _muer_; L. _mutare_, to change. - -=mew,= a coop for hawks; ‘Mewe for haukes, _meue_’, Palsgrave; a place -of confinement, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 20; ii. 5. 27 and 7. 19. F. _mue_, -a hawk’s mue or coop; _mue_, a change, the mewing of a hawk (Cotgr.), -fr. _muer_, ‘to change, to mew’ (ib.); L. _mutare_. Our word ‘mews’, for -a range of stabling, is derived from the _Mews_ by Charing Cross, the -name of the place for the King’s horses, orig. the place for the king’s -falcons and the royal falconer. See Stow’s Survey of London (ed. Thoms, -167). - -=mew:= in phr. _knights of the mew_, knights of the cat-call; the least -select among an audience at a theatre. Marston, What you Will, Induction -(Doricus). - -=mich,= to skulk, to lurk stealthily. Heywood, A Woman Killed (ed. 1874, -ii. 113), spelt _meach_, Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 2. -11; hence _micher_, a truant, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 450; a skulker, Beaumont -and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. Loveless); spelt _meecher_, Bonduca, -i. 2 (Petillius). ‘Mitch’ and ‘meech’ are in common prov. use (EDD.). -ME. _mychyn_, or stelyn prively smale thyngys, ‘surripio, furtulo’ -(Prompt. EETS. 301). Of Ger. origin, see Schade, Altdeutsches Wörterbuch -(s.v. mûhhan). See NED. (s.v. Miche). - -†=miching malicho= (meaning quite uncertain), Hamlet, iii. 2. 148. -Textual variants are: _myching Mallico_, _munching Mallico_, _miching -mallecho_. - -=migniard,= tender, delicate. B. Jonson. Devil an Ass, i. 2 (Fitz.). F. -_mignard_, ‘migniard, pretty, quaint; dainty, delicate’ (Cotgr.). - -=migniardise,= delicate attention. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 -(Picklock). F. _mignardise_, ‘quaintnesse . . . smooth or fair speech, -kind usage’ (Cotgr.). - -=mill,= to steal or rob (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -see Harman, Caveat, p. 67. - -=mime,= a mimic, jester, pantomimist. B. Jonson, Epigrams, bk. i, cxxix; -Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Gk. μῖμος. - -=mince,= to walk affectedly or primly. Merry Wives, v. 1. 9; _mincing_, -BIBLE, Isa. iii. 16; _minsen_, pres. pl., Drayton, Pastorals, vii. 14. -Also, to perform mincingly, to parade, King Lear, iv. 6. 122. F. -_mincer_, to mince, to cut into small pieces (Cotgr.). - -=minchen,= a nun. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 18, § 3. -‘_Mincheon lane_, so called of . . . the _Minchuns_, or nuns of St. -Helen’s’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms, p. 50). OE. _mynecenu_, f. -of _munuc_, a monk. - -=mind,= to mean, intend. Mids. Night’s D. v. 113; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 8, -64, 106, 140; Evelyn, Diary (May 21, 1645). In common prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Mind, vb. 7). - -=ming,= to mingle, mix. Surrey, Description of Spring, 11; in Tottel’s -Misc., p. 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.^{2}). ME. _mynge_, -to mix (Wyclif, Rev. xviii. 6); OE. _mengan_. - -=minge,= to mention. Hall. Satires, IV. ii. 80 (Davies). In prov. use, -see EDD. (s.v. Ming, vb.^{1}). ME. _mynge_ (Pearl, 855); OE. -_myn_(_e_)_gian_. - -=minikin,= a playful or endearing term for a female. Glapthorne, -Hollander, ii (NED.). A Shropshire word for a delicate affected girl, -see EDD. (sv. Minikin, 3). Du. _minneken_ (Hexham). - -=minikin,= small, delicate; ‘One blast of thy minikin mouth’, King Lear, -iii. 6. 45. Cp. the Somerset phr. ‘Her was a poor little minnikin thing’ -(EDD.). - -=minikin string,= the thin string of gut used for the treble of the lute -or viol, Ascham, Tox. 28. Hence, phr. _to tickle the minikin_, to play -on the treble string, Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Gerardine); a -_minikin-tickler_, a fiddler, Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Albano). - -=minim,= a note, a part of a song or lay. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 28. - -=miniments,= ‘muniments’, valuable belongings. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 6. - -=minion,= a darling, a favourite, esp. in a contemptuous sense, a -mistress, a paramour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 37; ‘A minion wyfe’, a neat, -pretty wife, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 86); the name of a small kind -of ordnance, Whitelocke, Memorials (ed. 1853, i. 273); Marlowe, 2 -Tamburlaine, iii. 3. 6. F. _mignon_, ‘a minion, favourite, wanton, -darling; also, minion, dainty, neat’ (Cotgr.). - -=minth,= the plant called mint. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Flora). Gk. -μίνθα. - -=mint-man,= one skilled in coinage. Bacon, Essay 20, § 7. - -=minx,= a pert girl, hussy. Congreve, Love for L., ii. 1; a wanton -woman, Dryden, Limberham, i. 1; ‘_Magalda_, a trull or minxe’, Florio; -_Mistress Minx_, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 (Faustus). - -=minx,= a pet dog. Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. - -=mirador,= gallery to gaze from, balcony. Dryden, Conquest of Granada, -I. i. 1 (Abdelmelech). Span. _mirador_, a balcony (Stevens). See -Stanford. - -=mischief,= misfortune, disaster. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 76; Much Ado, i. -3. 13. - -=misconster,= to misconstrue. Shirley, Love in a Maze, ii. 1. 8. See -=conster.= - -=miscreaunce,= misbelief, false belief. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 51; Shep. -Kal., May, 91. F. _mescreance_ (Cotgr.). - -=misdeem,= to judge amiss of, to think evil of. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 49; -iii. 10. 29; Milton, P. R. i. 424; to judge amiss, id., P. L. ix. 301. - -=misken,= a ‘mixen’, a manure-heap. Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 1 -(Toby). A west-midland pronunc. of _mixen_ (EDD.). - -=miskin,= a little bagpipe. Drayton, Pastorals, ii. 5. A dimin. (through -Dutch?) of OF. _muse_, a bagpipe, cp. F. _musette_, a little bagpipe -(Cotgr.). - -=misprise,= to mistake; ‘Misprise me not’, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, -iii. 3 (Maximilian). See =mesprize.= - -=mister:= in phr. _what mister wight_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 23; iii. 7. -14, i.e. a man of what ‘mister’ (occupation), or, a man of what class, -what kind of a man. The idiom occurs as an archaism in Spenser, borrowed -from Chaucer, ‘But telleth me what mister men ye been’ (C. T. A. 1710). -So we find, _what mister thing_, what kind of thing, Beaumont and Fl., -Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 19; _such myster saying_, such a kind of -saying, Shep. Kal., Sept., 103. _Mister_ (or _mester_) is very common in -ME. in the sense of office, employment, business. OF. _mestier_ (F. -_métier_); Med. L. _misterium_, for _ministerium_ (Ducange). - -=mister,= to be necessary or needful; ‘As for my name, it mistreth not -to tell’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 51. From _mister_, need, necessity, -want; cp. Scottish proverb, ‘Mister maks man o’ craft’, Ray’s Proverbs -(ed. Bohn, 250); Ferguson, Proverbs (ed. 1641, p. 24). See EDD. (s.v. -Mister, vb. 1 and 3). ME. _mistere_, need (Cursor M. 3247); OF. (Norman) -_mestier_, ‘besoin, nécessité’ (Moisy). The same word as =mister,= -above. - -=mistery,= occupation, profession. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 221. ME. -_misterye_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 890); Med. L. _misterium_, ‘officium’ -(Ducange). See =mister.= - -=mistress,= the small bowl, or jack, in the game of bowls. Middleton, No -Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 3 (Mis. Low.); cp. ‘His bias was towards my -mistress’, Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Brains); cp. A Woman never -vext, iv. 1 (Lambskin). - -=misured,= ill-omened, fatal; ‘O foule mysuryd ground, Whereon he gat -his finall dedely wounde’, Skelton, Dethe of Erle of Northumberland, -118. Cp. OF. _meseur_, ‘malheur’ (Godefroy); _meseurus_, ‘malheureux’ -(Chron. des ducs de Normandie, in Didot). See =eure.= - -=mite,= a small coin of very small value; used in negative phrases for a -thing of little worth; ‘The price falleth not one mite’, More’s Utopia -(ed. Arber, 42). Hence _miting_: ‘Nat worthe a mytyng’, not worth a -mite, Skelton, Poems against Garnesche, iii. 115. ME. _myte_: ‘Noght -worth a myte’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1558). See Dict. - -=mithridate,= a compound regarded as an antidote against all poisons. -Fletcher, Valentinian, v. 2 (Val.); Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 4 -(Adorni). Named from Mithridates, king of Pontus, who was said to have -been proof against poison owing to his constant use of antidotes. See -Stanford. - -=miting,= a diminutive creature; freq. used as a term of endearment or -contempt, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 224. ME. _mytyng_ (Towneley Myst. xii. -477). - -=mixt,= to mix; ‘_I myxte_, or myngell’, Palsgrave; pres. pt., -_mixting_, Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 13, § 4. Hence _mixt_, a -mixture; ‘A mixt of both’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 9 (ed. -Arber, 97). From the L. pp. _mixtus_. - -=mo, moe,= orig. used as adv.; ‘Gent’lest fair, mourne, mourne no moe’ -(mourn no more), Fletcher, Q. Corinth, iii. 2 (Song); _the moe_, the -majority, the greater part, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 15 (ed. Arber, -48); _mo_, more in number, ‘mo tymes’, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 7); -‘Infinite moe . . . He there beheld’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 63. ME. -_mo_, adj., more in number, adv., any longer (Chaucer); OE. _mā_; Goth. -_mais_, more (adv.). See Wright’s OE. Gram. § 252. - -=mobble, moble,= to muffle up one’s head or face; also, with _up_; -‘_Mobled_ queen’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 524; _mobble up_, Shirley, Gent. of -Venice, v. 3 (Florelli). A Warw. and Shropsh. word, see EDD. (s.v. -Moble). - -=mobile,= mob; ‘The mobile’, Dryden, Pref. to Don Sebastian, § 2; id., -i. 1 (near the end); iv. 2 (end). Common from ab. 1676 to 1700; -shortened to _mobb_, _c._ 1688. It represents the L. _mobile vulgus_, -the inconstant crowd. See Dict. (s.v. Mob), and Stanford. - -=mockado,= a kind of cloth much used for clothing; ‘Who would not thinke -it a ridiculous thing to see a Lady in her milke-house with a velvet -gowne, and at a bridall in her cassock of mockado’, Puttenham, Eng. -Poesie (ed. Arber, 290); Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 (Guzman); Lodge, -Wit’s Miserie, 14. A quasi-Spanish form from F. _moucade_, ‘the stuffe -moccadoe’ (Cotgr.). Of Arab. origin, see NED. (s.v. Mohair), and Thomas, -_Essais_ (s.v. Camoiard). - -=moder, modere,= to moderate, restrain. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 6, -back, 18; Sir T. More, Works, p. 882, col. 2. OF. _moderer_. - -=modern,= ordinary, commonplace, common; in a depreciatory sense. As You -Like It, ii. 7. 156; Macbeth, iv. 3. 170. The only Shakespearian sense; -peculiarly Elizabethan. - -=moe;= see =mo.= - -=moil, moyle,= a ‘mule’. Ford, Fancies, ii. 2; More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, -51); Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Welford). Common in Devon -and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Moyle). - -=moil, moyle,= a kind of slipper or shoe; ‘Moyles of velvet to save thy -shooes of lether’, J. Heywood, Prov. and Epigr. (ed. 1867, 214); -‘_Moiles_, a kind of high-soled shoes, worn in ancient times by Kings -and great Persons’, Phillips; spelt _mule_, ‘He had ane pair of mules on -his feit’, Spalding, Troubles of Charles I (NED.). F. _mules_, ‘moyles, -pantofles, high slippers’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Du. _muylen_, pantoffles -(Hexham). Med. L. _mula_, ‘crepida’ (Ducange). - -=moil, moyle,= to wet; to soil, make dirty. Turbervile, Hunting, 33; to -defile, Spenser, Hymn Heavenly Love, 220; to toil, work hard, drudge, -Bacon, Essay, Plantations; to weary, fatigue, harass, Stanyhurst, tr. -Aeneid, i (ed. Arber, 27). In common prov. use in many senses, to -plaster with mud, to soil, defile, to work hard, to worry, see EDD. -(s.v. Moil, vb.). F. _mouiller_ (Cotgr.). - -=mold,= a ‘mole’, spot, blemish. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See =mould.= - -=mollipuff;= see =mullipuff.= - -=mome,= a blockhead. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 32; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49; -Levins, Manipulus; Drayton, Skeltoniad, p. 1373; Mirror for Mag. 466; -Dekker, Gull’s Horne-bk. 5; Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 2. 5. Dialect -of Geneva _mome_, ‘sot, nigaud’; cp. F. (argot) _mome_, ‘garçon’ -(Sainéan, p. 206). - -†=Momtanish= (?); ‘And this your momtanish inhumanytye’, Sir T. More, -ii. 4. 162. Dr. H. Bradley conjectures _Moritanish_ (i.e. Moorish). - -=moniment,= memorial, anything by which a thing may be remembered. -Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 38; ii. 10. 56; used of dints on a shield, F. Q. -ii. 12. 80; of an inscription stamped on coin, F. Q. ii. 7. 5. L. -_monimentum_, deriv. of _monere_, to remind. - -=Monmouth cap,= a flat round cap formerly worn by soldiers and sailors, -Hen. V, iv. 7. 104; Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (_or_ 2) (Touchstone). Also, -_monmouth_, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song). - -=monomachy,= single combat. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Enceladus); -vol. iii, p. 50. Gk. μονομαχία; deriv. of μονομάχος, fighting alone. - -=monster,= a prodigy, wonder, divine omen. Phaer, Aeneid ii, 680 (L. -_mirabile monstrum_); id., iii. 26. - -=montant= (a fencing term), an upright blow or thrust. Merry Wives, ii. -3. 27; _montanto_, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil). F. -_montant_ (Cotgr.). - -=month:= phr. _to have a month’s mind_, to have an inclination, a fancy, -a liking. Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 464); ‘_Tu es bien engrand de trotter_, -Thou hast a moneths mind to be gone’, Cotgrave; Pepys, Diary, May 20, -1660. In prov. use in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Month, -sb.^{1} 3 (b)). - -=monthly,= madly; after the manner of a lunatic. Only in Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 2 (Moll). - -=moodeles, modeless,= unmeasured, vast, huge; Mirror for Mag., Morindus, -st. 17. Frequent in Greene (NED.). From _mode_, measure, size, manner, -&c. - -=moon,= a fit of frenzy; ‘I know ’twas but some peevish Moone in him’, -C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii (Duke). - -=mooncalf,= a false conception, imperfect foetus; hence, monstrosity. -Tempest, ii. 2. 111; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy); Drayton, -The Mooncalf. Cp. G. _mondkalb_, ‘ungestalte Missgeburt’ (Weigand). - -=moonling,= a mooncalf, silly fellow. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 -(Wit.). - -=mooting-night,= a night at the Inns of Court, when imaginary cases at -law are discussed by the students. Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 5 -(Song, verse 2). See Dict. (s.v. Moot). - -=mooting-time,= the moulting season. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 120. In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Mout). ME. _mowtyn_, as fowlys, ‘deplumeo’ -(Prompt.); cp. Du. _muyten_, ‘to mue as hawkes doe’ (Hexham); Low G. -_muten_ (G. _mausen_), to moult (Berghaus); L. _mutare_. - -=mop,= a grimace, Temp. iv. 1. 47; to make grimaces, King Lear, iv. 1. -64; ‘To moppe, maw, _movere labia_’, Levins, Manip. - -=moppe= (see quot.); ‘I called her (the young lady) Moppe . . . -Understanding by this word, a litle prety Lady, or tender young thing. -For so we call litle fishes that be not come to full growth, as whiting -moppes, gurnard moppes’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, 229). Cp. -ME. _moppe_, ‘pupa’ (Prompt. EETS. 292). - -=moppet,= a term of endearment applied to a child or a young girl, -Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2 (end); The Spectator, no. 277. See above. - -=more,= the root of a tree or plant; a plant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 10. -A west-country word from Worc. to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. More). ME. -_more_, root (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 25). OE. _more_, _moru_, an edible -root, a carrot, parsnip (B. T.), cp. G. _möhre_, a carrot. - -=morelle,= a dark-coloured horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 11; i. -24, l. 17. ME. _morel_, hors (Prompt. EETS. 293). Norm. F. _morel_, -_cheval morel_, ‘cheval noir’ (Moisy). F. _morel_, _moreau_, _cheval -moreau,_ a black horse (Cotgr.). - -=morfound,= a disease in horses, sheep, &c., due to taking a chill. -Spelt _morfounde_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. Palsgrave has: ‘I -morfonde, as a horse dothe that waxeth styffe by taking of a sodayne -colde.’ F. _se morfondre_, to take cold (Cotgr.). - -=Morglay,= the name of the sword belonging to Sir Bevis, Drayton, -Polyolbion, ii. 332; used allusively for a sword, Beaumont and Fl., -Honest Man’s Fortune, i. 1 (Longueville); Stanyhurst, Aeneid, ii (Arber, -60); Cleaveland’s Poems (Nares). We may perhaps compare _claymore_ -(_glaymore_), see NED. - -=Morian,= of the Moorish race, pertaining to the Moors; a Moor; _the -Moryans land_, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. lxviii. 31 (rendering of -‘Aethiopia’ in Vulgate); _the Morians londe_, Coverdale (1535), ib.; cp. -Luther’s rendering, _Mohrenland_, land of the Moors. See Bible -Word-Book. OF. _Morien_ (NED.). See =Murrian.= - -=morigeration,= deference, obsequiousness. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, i. -3. 10; Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. V, p. 29. L. _morigeratio_, -compliance. - -=morisco,= a morris-dance. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, v. 2. 7. Also, a -morris-dancer, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 365. Properly, a Moorish dance; see -Stanford. Span. _morisco_, a man descended from Moors or converted from -them (Stevens). See =morris-pike.= - -=mornifle;= ‘Mornyfle, a maner of play, _mornifle_’, Palsgrave. F. -_mornifle_, a trick at cards (Cotgr.); ‘réunion de quatre cartes -semblables’ (Hatzfeld). _Mornifle_ also meant a cuff, a blow: ‘_donner -mornifle_, c’est-à-dire un soufflet’ (Oudin, 1640); see Sainéan, L’Argot -ancien, p. 206. See =mournival.= - -=morphew,= a disease of the skin; ‘_Morféa_, the morphew in some womens -faces’, Florio; ‘Morfewe, a sickenesse’, Palsgrave. Hence, _morphewed_, -afflicted with the disease, Webster, Duchess of Malfi, ii. 1 (Bosola). -ME. _morfu_, ‘morphea’ (Prompt.). Med. L. _morfea_, ‘cutis foedacio -maculosa’ (Sin. Bart.). - -=morpion,= a kind of louse. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. _morpion_, a -crab-louse (Cotgr.); cp. Rabelais, II. xxvii; deriv. of _mordre_ + -_pion_, ‘ce pou ayant infesté surtout les anciens corps d’infanterie’ -(Hatzfeld). - -=morris-pike,= a form of pike supposed to be of Moorish origin, Com. -Errors, iv. 3. 28; _morispike_, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 67). See -=morisco.= - -=mort= (a hunting term). The note sounded on a horn at the death of the -deer, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 118; ‘He that bloweth the Mort before the -fall of the Buck’, Greene, Card of Fancie (Nares). - -=mort= (Cant), a girl or woman. B. Jonson, Gypsies Met. 65; a female -vagabond, harlot, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). Later, -written _mott_ (_mot_), London slang for a woman of the town, see NED. - -=mortar:= in phr. _to fly to Rome with a mortar on one’s head_, app. a -legendary achievement of some wizard; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 -(Soto); Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 2 (Clown); Kemp, Nine Daies -Wonder, Ep. Ded. (NED.). F. _mortier_, ‘a morter to bray things in’ -(Cotgr.). - -=mortmal, mormal,= an inflamed sore, esp. on the leg; ‘The old mortmal -on his shin’, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2 (Maudlin); ‘Mormall, a -sore, _loup_’, Palsgrave. ME. _mormale_, ‘malum mortuum’ (Prompt.). OF. -_mortmal_; cp. Med. L. _malum mortuum_, ‘morbi genus pedum et tibiarum’ -(Ducange). See =marmoll.= - -=mort-pays,= the taking of the King’s pay by a captain in service for -men who were dead or discharged; ‘The severe punishing of mort-pays’, -Bacon, Hist. Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 93). See =dead pay.= - -=most an end,= generally, usually; continually. Massinger, A Very Woman, -iii. 1 (Merchant). _Honest_ (addressing _Greatheart_): ‘Knew him! I was -a great companion of his; I was with him most an end’; Bunyan, Pilgrim’s -Progress, Pt. II. In common prov. use from Yorks. to E. Anglia, see EDD. -(s.v. Most, 7, 2a). - -=mot, motte,= a word, saying, motto, proverb. Rape of Lucrece, 830; ‘To -gull him with a motte’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2 (E. Knowell). -F. _mot_, a word. - -=mote,= a note of a horn or bugle. Morte Arthur, leaf 112. 20 (bk. vii, -ch. 8); ‘Mote, blaste of a horne’, Palsgrave; _mot_, Chevy Chace, 16; -_mott_, Turbervile, Hunting, 86. ME. _moote_ of an horne, blowyng -(Prompt. EETS. 294, see note, no. 1431). F. _mot_, ‘the note winded by -an huntsman on his horn’ (Cotgr.). - -=mote,= a pleading in a law-court. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. -14, § 7. OE. _mōtian_, to address a meeting, to discuss, ‘moot a -question’ (B. T.). See Dict. (s.v. Moot). - -=mote,= may, must; ‘I mote dye’, Morte Arthur, leaf 34. 9; bk. i, c. 20; -‘Now _mote_ ye understand’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 46. ME. _mot_, _moot_, -pres. (I or he) may, must; _moten_, _mote_, pl.; _moste_, pt. t. OE. -_mōt_, (I, he) may; _mōst_, 2 sing.; _mōton_, pl.; _mōste_, pt. t. - -=mother,= a young girl. Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, iii. 2 (Franio). See -=mauther.= - -=mother, the,= hysteria. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront); -King Lear, ii. 4. 56. - -=mothering,= the custom of visiting one’s mother, and giving and -receiving of presents of food, &c., on Mid-Lent Sunday; ‘Thou go’st -a-mothering’, Herrick, To Dianeme, A Ceremonie in Gloucester. See EDD. -(s.v. Mothering) for accounts of the customs connected with ‘Mothering -Sunday’ (Mid-Lent Sunday) in various parts of England from Yorks. to -Devon. - -=moting,= mooting; i.e. discussion, debate. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1075. -ME. _motyng_, or pletynge, ‘placitatio’ (Prompt. EETS. 294). See =mote= -(a pleading). - -=motion,= a puppet-show. Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 103; a puppet, Two Gent. -ii. 1. 100; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, v. 3. 3. - -=mott,= measured; pt. t. of =mete= (q.v.). Spenser, Colin Clout, 365. -See NED. (s.v. Mete, vb.^{1}). - -=motte;= see =mot.= - -=mouch,= to act by stealth; to idle and loaf about, Webster, Sir T. -Wyatt (Clown), ed. Dyce, p. 193. See _Mooch_ in NED. and EDD. The word -is in gen. prov. use in the British Isles and in Australia. - -=mouchatoes,= moustaches. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Juliffe). See =mutchado.= - -=mought,= a moth; ‘Mought that eates clothes, _ver de drap_’, Palsgrave. -Hence _moughte-eaten_, ‘Olde and moughte-eaten lawes’, More’s Utopia -(ed. Lumby, 53). ME. _mouȝte_ (Wyclif, Matt. vi. 19); _moghte_, ‘tinea’ -(Cath. Angl.); OE. _mohða_. - -=mought,= _pt. t._ might. Bacon, Essays (very common, see Abbott’s ed., -Index); Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 42. ME. _maht_, 2 pr. s.; _mahte_, pt. t. -of _mæi_, (I, he) may; OE. _meaht_, 2 pr. s.; _meahte_, pt. t. of _mæg_, -(I, he) may, can. - -=mould,= a ‘_mole_’, a spot on the skin, birthmark. Gascoigne, Supposes, -v. 5 (Cleander); _mold_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 7. See Dict. (s.v. -Mould, 3). - -=mouldwarp,= the mole, ‘talpa’; _moldwarp_, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 148; -Spenser, Colin Clout, 763. In gen. prov. use in the north country, -Midlands, and Suffolk, see EDD. (s.v. Mouldywarp). ME. _moldewarpe_, -‘talpa’ (Cath. Angl.); cp. Dan. _muldvarp_, Norw. dial. _moldvarp_ -(Aasen), G. _maulwurf_. - -=mount cent, mount saint,= a game at cards resembling piquet; probably -the same as =cent= (q.v.), Machin, Dumb Knight, iv (Queen). Prob. from -_mount_, i.e. amount, and _cent_, one hundred. See NED. - -=mountenance,= amount of space, distance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 18; -iii. 11. 20; v. 6. 36. ME. _mowntenawnce_ (Prompt.); _montenance_, -amount (Cursor M. 29166). - -=mournival,= a set of four aces, kings, queens, or knaves in one hand. -Cotton Gamester, 68; hence, a set of four (things or persons), B. -Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Mirth); _murnival_, Greene’s Tu Quoque, -in Ancient Eng. Drama, ii. 551. See =mornifle.= - -=mouse,= a term of endearment. Hamlet, iii. 4. 183; Middleton, Roaring -Girl, ii. 1 (Openwork). - -=mouse-hunt,= a woman hunter. Romeo iv. 4. 11. This is prob. a _fig._ -use of _mouse-hunt_, a weasel, ‘The Ferrets and Moushunts of an Index’, -Milton (Wks., ed. 1851, iii. 81); spelt _musehont_, Caxton, Reynard (ed. -Arber, 79). ‘Mouse-hunt’ (‘Mouse-hound’) is in prov. use in E. Anglia -for the smallest animal of the weasel tribe. See EDD. (s.v. Mouse, 1, -(7) and (8)). M. Du. _muyshont_, or _muushont_, a weasel, lit. ‘a -mouse-hound’. - -=mowe,= to be able; ‘They shalle not mowe helpe, they shall not be able -to help’, Morte Arthur, leaf 61, back, 26; bk. iv, c. 3. ME. -_mow_(_e_)_n_, ‘posse’ (Prompt. EETS. 302); see Chaucer (Tr. and Cr. ii. -1594). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Mæi). - -=mowe,= to make grimaces; ‘I mow with the mouth, I mock one, _Je fays la -moue_’, Palsgrave; ‘Apes that moe and chatter’, Tempest, ii. 2. 9; -_mowing_, making grimaces, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54). - -=mowes,= grimaces, ‘Making mowes at me’, BIBLE (1539), Ps. xxxv. 15; -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 49; Cymbeline, i. 6. 41. ME. _mow_, or scorne, -‘valgia’ (Prompt. EETS. 294). F. _moue_, a moe, ‘an ill-favoured -extension or thrusting out of the lips’ (Cotgr.). - -=mowles,= broken chilblains in the heels. Dunbar, Poems (ed. Small, ii. -128). See EDD. (s.v. Mool), and Jamieson (s.v. Mules). ME. _mowle_, -‘pernio’ (Cath. Angl.); _mowle_, sore, ‘pustula, pernio’ (Prompt. EETS. -295, see note, no. 1439). F. _mule_, ‘a kibe; _aller sur mule_: Il va -sur mule aussi bien que le Pape (an equivocation, applicable to one that -hath kibed heels)’; see Cotgrave. Cp. Du. _muyle_, a kibe (Hexham). - -=moy,= an imaginary name of coin, evolved by Pistol out of his -prisoner’s speech; ‘Ayez pitié de _moi_! Moy shall not serve; I will -have forty moys’, &c., Hen. V, iv. 4. 14. - -=moyle,= a variety of apple; ‘Of Moyle, or Mum, or Treacle’s viscous -juice’, J. Philips, Cider, bk. i. (Perhaps the word means a hybrid; cp. -_moyle_, a mule.) See =genet-moyl.= - -=moyle;= see =moil.= - -=muccinigo,= a small coin formerly current in Venice, worth about 9_d._ -B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1; iv. 1; Shirley, Gent. Venice, i. 1 (Cornari). -Ital. ‘_mocenigo_, a coyn in Venice; also the name of a considerable -family there’ (Florio). The coin was named from Tommaso Mocenigo, doge -of Venice, 1413-23. See NED. (s.v. Moccenigo). - -=much!,= a contemptuous exclamation of denial. _Much_ = _much of that!_, -ironically; i.e. far from it, by no means. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 143; -Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Celso), _Much wench!_ i.e. no wench at all, -B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brain-worm). - -=muck;= in Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1188. _To run amuck_, to run -about in a frenzy, is a phrase due to the Malay _āmuq_, ‘rushing in a -state of frenzy to the commission of indiscriminate murder’ (Marsden). -Dryden took the _a_ in _amuck_ to be the E. indef. article; and -reproduced the phrase in the curious form—_runs an Indian muck_. See -Stanford (s.v. Amuck). - -=muckinder,= a handkerchief. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Turfe); -Fletcher, Captain, iii. 5 (Fabricio); ‘Mockendar for chyldre, -_mouchouer_’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in many parts of England from the -north country to Kent and Dorset in various forms; _muckinder_, -_muckender_, _muckinger_, _muckenger_ (EDD.). ME. _mokedore_, ‘sudarium’ -(Voc. 614. 25), O. Prov. _mocadour_ (mod. _moucadour_), a handkerchief, -Span. _mocador_, F. _mouchoir_; deriv. of _moucher_, ‘débarrasser des -mucosités que sécrète la muqueuse nasale’ (Hatzfeld). - -=muffler,= (1) a wrapper worn by women and covering the face; (2) a -cloth for blindfolding a person. Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73; Fletcher, -Night-walker, ii. 2 (near the end); 2 Hen. V, iii. 6. 32. - -=mugwet,= the intestines of an animal; ‘The gatherbagge or Mugwet of a -yong harte’, Turbervile, Hunting, 39. ‘Mugget’ is in prov. use in -Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall for sheep or calf’s intestines; see EDD. -See NED. (s.v. Mugget). - -=mule:= phr. _to ride upon a mule_, to be a great lawyer. B. Jonson, Ev. -Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Carlo); _to shoe one’s mule_, to help oneself -out of the funds trusted to one’s management, History of Francion -(Nares). - -=mule;= see =moil= (a slipper). - -=mullar,= a ‘muller’, a stone with a flat base, held in the hand and -used, in conjunction with a grinding-stone or slab, in grinding -painters’ colours. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, p. 136. F. _moulleur_, a -grinder (Cotgr.); deriv. of OF. _moldre_, L. _molere_, to grind. - -=mullet,= the rowel of a spur; a mullet, in heraldry. Shirley, Love in a -Maze, i. 1 (Simple). F. _molette d’esperon_, the rowel of a spur -(Cotgr.). - -=mullets,= pincers or tweezers. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). F. _mollette_, ‘a mullet, a nipper, a pincer’ (Cotgr.). - -=mullipuff, mollipuff,= the puff-ball, or fuzz-ball. Shirley, St. -Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See NED. (s.v. Mullipuff), and EDD. (s.v. -Mully-puff). ‘Mully’ in Norfolk is used for mouldy, powdery, see EDD. -(s.v. Mull, sb.^{1} 1). Norw. dial. _moll_, mould (Aasen), Swed. _mull_ -(Widegren). - -=mullwine,= mulled wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 3. 9. See Dict. (s.v. -Mulled). - -=mumbudget,= a word used to insist upon silence; ‘I cry . . . _mum_; she -cries _budget_’, Merry Wives, v. 2. 6; ‘Quoth she, _Mum budget_’, -Butler, Hud. i. 3. 208; ‘_Mumbudget_, not a word!’, Look about You, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 420. - -=mumchance,= the name of a game, both at dice and at cards. Westward Ho, -ii. 2 (with allusion to _bones_, i.e. dice); B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 2 -(Subtle); Barth. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). Played in silence; whence the -name. - -=mumchance,= one who has nothing to say, a ‘dummy’. Plautus made English -(Nares). In prov. use in many parts of England, esp. in the west -country, for a stupid, silent, stolid person. - -=mummia, mummy,= a preparation used in medicine, chiefly from the -substance with which Egyptian mummies were preserved. Webster, White -Devil (beginning, Gasparo), ed. Dyce, p. 5; id. (Isabella), p. 15; -Beaumont and Fl., iii. 1 (Galoshio). See Dict. (s.v. Mummy), and -Stanford (s.v. Mummia). - -=mump,= to overreach, to cheat; ‘Mump your proud players’, Buckingham, -The Rehearsal, ii. 2 (Bayes); ‘Mump’d of his snip’ (i.e. cheated of his -portion), Wycherley, Love in a Wood, i. 2 (Ranger); Gent. -Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Mrs. Caution). In prov. use in the west country, -see EDD. (s.v. Mump, vb.^{1} 10). Du. _mompen_, ‘to mump, cheat’ -(Sewel). - -=mump,= to make grimaces, to screw up the mouth. Otway, Venice -Preserved, ii. 1 (Pierre); D’Urfey, Pills, vi. 198; a grimace, ‘_Monnoye -de singe_, moes, mumps’, Cotgrave. ‘To mump’ is used in Northamptonsh. -in the sense of drawing in the lips, screwing up the mouth with a smile: -‘She mumps up her mouth, she knows something’, see EDD. (s.v. Mump, -vb.^{1} 4). - -=mumpsimus.= [In allusion to the story of an illiterate English priest, -who when corrected for reading ‘quod in ore _mumpsimus_’ in the Mass, -replied ‘I will not change my old _mumpsimus_ for your new _sumpsimus_’ -(NED.).] One who obstinately adheres to old ways in spite of the -clearest evidence that they are wrong, an old fogey, Underhill in Narr. -Reform. (Camden Soc., 141); Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 3 (Dulipo). See -Nares. - -=mundungo,= bad-smelling tobacco; ‘A mundungo monopolist’, Lady Alimony, -ii. 2 (1 Boy); _snuff-mundungus_, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1006. A jocular -use of Span. _mondongo_, ‘hogs puddings’ (Stevens). - -=munify,= to fortify. Drayton, Barons’ Wars, ii. 34; hence, -_munificence_, defence, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 15 (ed. 1596). - -=munite,= to fortify. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. i, c. 47; Bacon, Essay -3 (ed. Abbott, p. 10). - -=munpins,= mouth-pegs, the teeth; a ludicrous form. _Munpynnys_, -Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 292. ‘Mun’ for mouth is in prov. use -in the north, and in slang use generally, see EDD. (s.v. Mun, sb.^{1} -1). Norw. dial. _munn_, the mouth (Aasen). - -=muraill,= a wall; walls of a city. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 201, back, -14. F. _muraille_. - -=murderer, murdering-piece,= a cannon or mortar, discharging stones or -grape-shot. Hamlet, iv. 5. 95; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Jaques); -Double Marriage, iv. 2. 6. - -=mure,= a wall. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; Heywood, If you know not Me -(Queen), vol. i, p. 338; to shut up, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 119; _mured up_, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34. L. _murus_, a wall. - -=murleon,= a merlin, a small hawk; ‘A cast [couple] of murleons’, Damon -and Pithias, Ancient Brit. Drama, i. 88, col. 2. ME. _merlioun_, Chaucer -(Parl. Foules, 339). F. _esmerillon_ (Cotgr.). - -=murnival;= see =mournival.= - -=murr,= a violent catarrh, a severe cold in the head. Chapman, Mons. -d’Olive, ii. 1 (Philip); _murres_, pl., Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, -fol. 3, back; ‘Murre, _gravedo_’, Levins, Manipulus. See Nares. - -=Murrian,= a Mauritanian, a Moor. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 315). See -=Morian.= - -=murrion,= a ‘morion’, a steel cap. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 -(Captain). Also jocularly, a nightcap; spelt _murrain_, id., Scornful -Lady, iv. 1 (Abigail). Span. _morrion_ (Stevens). See Stanford (s.v. -Morrion), and Dict. (s.v. Morion). - -=muscadine,= a kind of wine with a musk-like perfume. Massinger, City -Madam, ii. 1. 12. See Dict. (s.v. Muscadel). - -=Muscovy glass,= a kind of talc. B. Jonson, Prol. to Devil is an Ass, -17; Marston (Malcontent), i. 3 (Passarello). - -=muse,= to wonder, marvel. Coriolanus, iii. 2. 7; Macbeth, iii. 4. 85; -hence, _muses_, musings, thoughts, cogitations, Lyly, Euphues (ed. -Arber, 94); Englishman for my Money, iii. 2 (Harvey); in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, x. 509. OF. _muser_, ‘regarder comme un sot’ (Bartsch), cp. -Ital. _musare_, ‘to muse, to gape, to hould ones muzle or snout in the -aire’ (Florio); Prov. _muzar_, ‘regarder bouche béante’; _mus_, ‘figure, -visage’ (Levy). - -=muse,= a gap in a thicket or fence through which a hare or other beast -of sport is wont to pass; ‘Take a hare without a muse, and a knave -without an excuse’, Howell, Eng. Prov. 12; ‘The wild muse of a bore’ -(boar), Chapman, tr. Iliad, xi. 368; Heywood, Witches of Lancs. i. 1 -(Bantam). The word is in prov. use in many parts of England from the -north country to Sussex, written _muse_, _meuse_, _moose_, _muce_, see -EDD. (s.v. Meuse). F. dial. (Bas-Maine) _mus_, ‘muce, passage étroit à -travers des broussailles pour les lièvres, les lapins, &c.’ (Dottin); -see Littré (s.v. Musse). See =meaze.= - -=muske-million,= the musk-melon. Drayton, Pol. xx. 54; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 40. 8. - -=musquet,= a hawk of a very small size. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. -119; ‘Musket, a lytell hauke, _mouchet_’, Palsgrave. Ital. _mosquetto_, -‘a musket-hawke’ (Florio). - -=muss,= a scramble among boys, for trivial objects. Ant. and Cl. iii. -13. 91; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, iv. 1 (Cokes). ‘Muss’ means a -confusion, scramble, in Warwickshire, see EDD. (s.v. Muss, sb.^{1} 1 and -2). - -=mutchado,= a moustache; ‘On his upper lippe A mutchado’, Arden of Fev. -ii. 1. 56; _mutchato_, Higgins, Induction to Mirror for Mag. (Nares); -_muschatoes_, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore). For numerous -spellings of the word ‘moustache’ see NED. See =mouchatoes.= - -=mutton,= a strumpet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 2 (Mis. O.); Dekker, -Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 8 (Bots). See =laced mutton.= - -=myrobalane,= a kind of dried Indian plum. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 1 -(Subtle). F. _myrobalan_, L. _myrobalanum_, Gk. μυροβάλανος, probably -the ben-nut; μύpov, unguent, and βάλανος, acorn. - - - - - N - - -=nab,= the head. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, -Caveat, p. 82; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); _nabb_, a hat, -Shadwell, Squire Alsatia, ii. 1. Swed. dial, _nabb_, the head (Rietz). - -=nab-cheat,= a hat or cap. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1; Harman, -Caveat, p. 82. See =cheat= (Thieves’ Cant). - -=nache,= the rump; ‘The nache by the tayle’, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § -57. 3. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Aitch-bone). OF. _nache_, a -buttock (Godefroy); Ital. _natica_. See Dict. (s.v. Aitch-bone). - -=nads,= an ‘adze’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 9. - -=næve,= a spot, blemish; ‘Spots, like næves’, Dryden, Death of Lord -Hastings, 55. L. _naevus_, a mole, or mark on the body. - -=nake,= to bare, unsheathe a sword; ‘Nake your swords’, Tourneur, -Revenger’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Lussurioso). ME. _naken_, to make naked -(Chaucer, Boethius, bk. iv, met. 7). - -=naked,= unarmed. Othello, v. 2. 258. Phr. _naked bed_, in reference to -the once common custom of sleeping undressed, no night-linen being worn; -‘In her naked bed’, Venus and Ad. 397. See Nares; and EDD. (s.v. Naked, -1 (1)). - -=nale, at,= for _atten ale_, at the ale-house. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 166. Cp. Glouc. phrase, ‘He’s gone to nale’ (EDD.). ME. -_atte nale_, at the ale-house (P. Plowman, C. viii. 19). - -=nall,= an ‘awl’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘A _naule_, idem quod -_aule_’, Levins, Manip.; ‘Nall for a souter, _alesne_’, Palsgrave. -‘Nawl’ is in common prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=namecouth,= known by name, famous. Spelt _naamkouth_, Grimalde, -Concerning Virgil, 14; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 102. - -=namely,= especially. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 14; vii. 7. 48. - -=nape,= to strike upon the nape or back of the head just above the neck. -‘Naped in the head’, Latimer, 3 Sermon (ed. Arber, 76); ‘_I nawpe_ one -in the necke’, Palsgrave. - -=Napier’s bones,= ivory rods marked with numbers, for facilitating -calculation; invented by Lord Napier of Merchiston (d. 1617). Butler, -Hud. ii. 3. 1095; iii. 2. 409. - -=nappy,= having a head, foaming; heady, strong. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. -16; Gay, Shepherd’s Week, ii. 56. In common prov. use (EDD.). - -=nares,= nostrils. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742; ‘Nares (of a hawk)’, Book of -St. Albans, fol. a 5; L. _nares_, pl. nostrils. - -=narre,= nearer. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 97; Ruines of Rome, xvi. 3. -Icel. _nærre_, nearer (adj.); _nærr_ (adv.). - -=nas,= for _ne has_, has not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 61. - -=nase,= nose. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lorel). ME. _nase_, nose -(Wars Alex. 4519). - -=natch,= a ‘notch’; ‘Cut all the natches of his tales’ (i.e. cut, in -order to destroy, all the notches off his accounts or tallies), Arden of -Fev. v. 1. 24; ‘A natche, _incisura_; to natch, _incidere_’, Levins, -Manip. In prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). - -=nathe,= ‘nave’ of a wheel. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 5. 9. In common -prov. use in the north and the Midlands (EDD.). - -=nathemore,= never the more. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 25; iv. 8. 14. For the -earlier _nathemo_. See NED. - -=native,= in astrology; the subject of a horoscope, the person whose -nativity is being cast. Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); Butler, -Hud. i. 1. 608. - -=nawl;= see =nall.= - -=nay:= phr. _say nay, and take it_, refuse, but accept; a proverbial -expression as to a maid’s part. Richard III, iii. 7. 50; Peele, Sir -Clyomon, p. 494, col. 1. - -=ne,= nor. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 25; All’s Well, ii. 1. 176. ME. _ne_, -nor (Chaucer, C. T. A. 179). OE. _ne_. - -=neafe,= a clenched hand, a fist. Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 15; _neuf_, B. -Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca); Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 1 -(Cuddy). In common prov. use in various parts of the British Isles, see -EDD. (s.v. Neive). ME. _neefe_, a fist (Barbour’s Bruce, xvi. 129); also -in forms _nave_, _new_, in pl. _nevis_, _newys_, _newffys_ (id., see -Glossary). Icel. _hnefi_. - -=neal,= to anneal. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer). - -=neat-house.= The Neat House (lit. house for cattle) was a celebrated -market-garden, near Chelsea Bridge (Gifford); Massinger, City Madam, -iii. 1. 14. - -=neatresse,= a female neatherd. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, -st. 48. - -=neck,= in chess; a move to cover check. Surrey, To the Lady that -scorned her Lover, 3, in Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 21). See NED. - -=neck-verse,= the Latin verse read by a malefactor, to entitle him to -benefit of clergy, so as to save his neck; usually Psalm li. 1, -_Miserere mei_, &c. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Pilia); Fletcher, Mad -Lover, v. 3 (Chilax). - -=needle,= to penetrate like a needle; to make their way into; ‘Mice made -holes to needle in their buttocks’ (of fat hogs), Middleton, Game at -Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). - -=needly,= of necessity, necessarily. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. -517, col. 2; id., Tale of Troy, p. 552. A Yorks. word (EDD.). - -=neeld,= a ‘needle’. Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, xx. 95; Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, i. 715; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 204. A common prov. form, see -EDD. (s.v. Needle). - -=neele,= a ‘needle’. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 3 (Tyb). The word spelt -without the _d_ is common in prov. E. in many spellings, as _neele_, -_neel_, _neal_, _nill_, _nail_ (EDD.). - -=neesing,= a sneezing, a sneeze. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xvii. 732; -BIBLE, Job xli. 18. ‘Neese’ is in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and -various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Neeze). ME. _nesen_ (Prompt.). -Du. _niesen_, to sneeze (Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Neese). - -=neif,= one born on a feudal manor in a state of serfdom; ‘It signifieth -in our common law a bondwoman, the reason is, because women become bound -rather _nativitate_ than by any other means’, Cowell. Spelt _nyefe_, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 342. Anglo-F. _neif_, ‘serf de naissance -ou d’origine’ (Didot); Med. L. _nativus_ (Ducange). - -=neis,= to scent, smell; ‘The hart . . . nere fra’ hence sall neis her -i’ the wind’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). See NED. (s.v. Nese). - -=nephew,= a grandson. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 22; ii. 10. 45; ‘_Grandsires -and nephews_’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 3 (Curius); spelt _nevew_; -Phaer, Aeneid ii, 702 (= L. _nepotem_). See Trench, Select Glossary. ME. -_nevewe_, a grandson (Chaucer, Hous Fame, ii. 109). OF. _neveu_. O. -Prov. _nep_, _nebot_. L. _nepotem_, nephew, grandson. - -=nere,= nearer; ‘The nere to the churche, the ferther from God’, -Heywood, Prov. (ed. 1867, 17). ME. ‘þe nere þe cherche, þe fyrþer fro -God’, R. Brunne, Handlyng Synne. OE. _nēar_, compar. of _nēah_, nigh. - -=nesh,= soft, tender, delicate; ‘Like a nesh nag’, Beaumont and Fl., -Bonduca, iv. 1 (Petillius); ‘_Tendre_, tender, nice, nesh, delicate’, -Cotgrave. In gen. prov. use in Scotland and England (EDD.). ME. -_nesche_, ‘mollis’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _hnesce_, soft (B. T.). - -=nest of goblets,= a set of them, of different sizes, fitting one inside -another. Northward Ho, iii. 2 (Bellamont); _neast of goblets_, Marston, -Dutch Courtezan, i. 1. 7. So also _a nest of boxes_; Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Socrates, § 12. - -=net, nett,= clear, clean, bare. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 20; vi. 8. 45. -F. _net_, neat, clean, clear; bare, empty. - -=nettie,= neat, ‘natty’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1. - -=neuf;= see =neafe.= - -=neuft,= a newt, evet, or eft. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 1 (Tucca); cp. -_newt_ in Bartholomew Fair, Act ii, where Knockem says, ‘What! thou’lt -poison me with a _newt_’, &c.; where ed. 1614 has _neuft_ (NED.). - -=Never a barrel the better herring,= proverbial saying, meaning never -one better than another, nothing to choose between them, referring to -the notion that you will not find a better herring by searching in a new -barrel. Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 6 (Litio); Martiniere’s Voyage, 127 -(NED. (s.v. Herring)); [Fielding, T. Jones, x. v.]. Also, _In neither -barrel better herring_, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 102); Udall, -tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 11; ‘The Devil a barrel the better herring’, -Bailey’s Colleq., Erasmus, 373; cp. Gosson, School of Abuse, 32: ‘Of -both barrelles [i.e. as containing poets on the one side and cooks and -painters on the other] I judge Cookes and Painters the better herring.’ -See Davies (s.v. Herring). - -=new-eared,= newly ploughed. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 492. See -=ear= (to plough). - -=newel,= a novelty, rarity. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 276. Explained as -‘a newe thing’. Formed from _new_, with the suffix of _novel_. - -=new-fangle,= fond of new things; ‘The peple were soo newfangle’, Morte -Arthur, leaf 421; bk. xxi, c. 1 (end). See Dict. (s.v. _Newfangled_). - -=new-year’s-gift,= a present to a great man on new-year’s day, usually -given in hope of a reward or by way of bribe. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Julio); Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 21. - -=neysshe,= soft. Morte Arthur, leaf 311. 8; bk. xiii, c. 30. See =nesh.= - -=niaise,= a young hawk taken out of the nest, applied allusively to a -simple, witless person. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz.); ‘_Niard_, -a nias faulcon’, Cotgrave. ‘Nias’ is a north Yorks. word for a young -hawk (EDD.). OF. _niais_, ‘qui n’est pas encore sorti du nid, qu’on a -pris au nid’ (La Curne). See =eyas.= - -=nice;= in various senses. It means fine, elegant, Much Ado, v. 1. 75; -tender, delicate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 180; precise, Macbeth, iv. 3. -174; scrupulous, Merch. Ven. ii. 1. 14; subtle, L. L. L. v. 2. 232; coy, -prudish, L. L. L. iii. 1. 24; squeamish, Tam. Shrew, iii. 1. 80; -trifling, Romeo, iii. 1. 159. _To make it nice_, to seem reluctant, -North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 14 (in Shak. Plut., p. 177). - -=niceness,= coyness, scrupulousness. Cymb. iii. 4. 158; Middleton, A -Fair Quarrel, i. 1 (Colonel). - -=nick,= to cut in nicks or notches, Com. of Errors, v. 175; to clip, -curtail, Ant. and Cl. iii. 13. 8. _In the nick_, at the right moment, -Othello, v. 2. 317; _out of all nick_, beyond all reckoning, -excessively, Two Gent. iv. 2. 76. See EDD. (s.v. Nick, sb.^{4} 1). -Hence, _nick_, to hit off, to find out with precision; ‘You’ve nicked -the channel’ (i.e. the right course), Congreve, Love for Love, iii. 4 -(Ben); _nicked_, luckily saved, Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 1304. See EDD. -(s.v. Nick, vb.^{2} 2). - -=nidget, nideot,= an ‘idiot’, simpleton. Spelt _nigget_, Middleton, The -Changeling, iii. 3 (Lollio). In prov. use (EDD.). - -=niding;= see =nithing.= - -=niece,= a grand-daughter, Richard III, iv. 1. 1; a relative, cousin -(vaguely used). Greene, Alphonsus, ii, prol. 12; id., iii (Fausta, l. -939). Down to the beginning of the 17th cent. the sense of -grand-daughter appears to have been common; see Trench, Select Glossary. - -=nifles,= trifles, things of little or no value; trifling tales; ‘The -fables and the nyfyls’, Heywood, A Mery Play, 434 (NED). ME. _nyfles_: -‘He served hem with nyfles and with fablis’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1760). -OF. _nifles_ (Godefroy). See EDD. (s.v. Nifle). - -=nifling,= trifling, worthless, Lady Alimony, ii. 6. 10. - -=niggers, niggers-noggers,= meaningless forms, used as minced oaths. -Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim.); also _sniggers_, id. - -=niggish,= niggardly, miserly; ‘Niggish slovenrie’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 11; ‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. -Lumby, 102). See Nares. - -=niggle,= to do anything in a trifling, fiddling, ineffective way; ‘Take -heed, daughter, you niggle not with your conscience’, Massinger, Emperor -of the East, v. 3 (Theodosius). In prov. use with numerous variations of -sense, see EDD. Norw. dial. _nigla_ (Aasen). - -=night-cap,= a nocturnal bully, a notorious roisterer. Webster, Duch. of -Malfi, ii. 1; Devil’s Law-case, ii, 1. See =Roaring Boys.= - -=night-rail,= a night-dress. Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 2 (1 -Lady); Massinger, City Madam, iii. 2 (end); iv. 4 (Luke). In prov. use, -see EDD. (s.v. Night, 1 (29)). OE. _hrægl_, dress. See Nares (s.v. -Night-rail), and Dict. (s.v. Rail, 4). - -=night-snap,= a thief (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Chances, ii. 1 (John). - -=nil=(=l,= to be unwilling, often denoting simple futurity; ‘I nill live -in sorrowe’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 151; ‘I nill relate’, Pericles, -iii, prel. 55; _will he nill he_, Hamlet, v. 1. 18; _to will and nill_, -B. Jonson, Epigrams, xlii. 16; _nild_, pt. t. would not, ‘Unto the -founts Diana nild repair’, Greene, Radagon’s Sonnet, 17 (ed. Dyce, p. -301). ‘Nill ye, will ye’, whether you wish or not, is in use in -Scotland; ‘Nildy wildy’, whether one would or not, is heard is E. Anglia -(EDD.). ME. _nil_, pr. s.; _nolde_, pt. t. (Chaucer). - -=nim,= to steal. Puritan Widow, i. 4. 167; Butler, Hud. i. 1. 598; -hence, _nimmer_, a thief, id., ii. 3. 1094; Tomkis, Albumazar, iii. 7 -(end); _nimming_, stealing, Massinger, Guardian, v. 2 (Durazzo). ‘Nim’ -and ‘Nimmer’ are in prov. use (EDD.). ME. _nimen_, to take, to seize (P. -Plowman), see Dict. M. and S.; OE. _niman_, to take; cp. G. _nehmen_. - -=nine-holes,= a game in which the players endeavoured to roll small -balls into nine holes in the ground, all separately numbered. Drayton, -Pol. xiv. 22; Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal vi (Melanthus). See EDD. (s.v. -Nine, 1 (9)), and NED. (s.v. Nine-holes). - -=nine men’s morris,= a rural game, called also Merrils, described in -Brand’s Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 542), Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 98. -Called ‘Morris’ by popular etymology, as if with reference to the -movement (or dance) of the men (or pieces). But the right name was -‘Merelles’ (i.e. counters or pieces used in the game). Cp. Cotgrave: -‘_Merelles, Le jeu des merelles_, The boyish game called Merils or -five-penny Morris, played here most commonly with stones, but in France -with pawns or men made of purpose, and termed Merelles.’ See Ducange -(s.v. Merallus), EDD. (s.v. Nine, 1 (12)), and Nares (s.v.). - -=ningle,= ‘ingle’; _mine ingle_ became _my ningle_, my favourite. -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Roderigo); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, -iii. 1 (Fustigo). See =ingle.= - -=nip,= a taunt, sarcasm, reproof. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 27 -(ed. Arber, p. 68). ‘Nip’ in prov. use means a pinch or squeeze; a bite -or sting, see EDD. (s.v. Nip, sb.^{1} 15, 16). - -=nip a bung,= to steal a purse (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor); ‘A pickpocket, as good as ever _nipped_ the judge’s _bung_ -while he was condemning him’, The London Chanticleers, scene 1 (Heath); -Cleveland (Nares); _nip_, a cutpurse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Moll). Hence _nipper_, ‘A nypper is termed a pickpurse or a cutpurse’, -Fletewood (in Aydelotte, p. 95). - -=nip a jan,= to steal a purse (Cant). B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed -(Jackman). See _Jan_ in NED. - -=nipitato,= strong liquor; ‘A drink In England found, and Nipitato -call’d, Which driveth all the sorrow from your hearts’, Beaumont and -Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 2 (Pompiona). Hence, _nippitate_, strong -(said of wine), Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Collen). See Nares. - -=nis,= is not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., June, 19. ME. _nis_ (Chaucer). OE. -_nis_, for _ne is_, is not. - -=niste, nist,= knew not. Spelt _nyst_, Morte Arthur, leaf 339. 4; bk. -xvi, c. 9. ME. _niste_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 502). OE. _nyste_, for _ne -wyste_; _wiste_, pt. t. of _witan_, to know. - -=nithing,= a vile coward; a term of severe reproach. _Nithing_, Blount’s -Gloss.; spelt _niding_, Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xviii (end); p. -79. Icel. _nīðingr_, legally the strongest term of abuse for a traitor, -coward, or the like (Vigfusson). - -=no,= used ironically; ‘No rich idolatry’ (i.e. great idolatry), -Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Learchus); ‘No villainy’ -(i.e. great villainy), Mad Lover, iii. 6 (Chilax). - -=noble,= a coin worth 6_s._ 8_d._ Richard II, i. 1. 88. - -=noblesse,= noble birth or condition. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 297; the -nobility, persons of noble rank, ‘There is in every state . . . two -portions of subjects; the Noblesse and the Commonaltie’, Bacon, Essay -15, § 13; Richard II, iv. 1. 119 (1st quarto only). ME. _noblesse_, -nobleness, noble rank (Chaucer). F. _noblesse_, ‘nobility, gentry; -gentlemanliness’ (Cotgr.). - -=nobley,= great display, splendour. Morte Arthur, leaf 158, back, 8; bk. -viii, c. 29; lf. 211, back, 32; bk. 10, c. 6. ME. _nobley_, nobility, -dignity, splendour, noble rank; assembly of nobles (Chaucer). OF. -_noblei_(_e_, nobility of rank or estate; Anglo-F. _noblei_, nobleness -(Rough List). - -=nocent,= harmful. Milton, P. L. ix. 186; guilty, Greene, James IV, v. 6 -(Sir Cuthbert). L. _nocens_, hurtful, culpable. - -=nock,= a notch at the end of a bow, or in the head of an arrow; ‘The -nocke of the shafte’, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 127). Also, the -cleft of the buttocks, Butler, Hud. i. 1. 285. Du. _nock_, ‘a notch in -the head of an arrowe’ (Hexham). See Nares. - -=nock,= (perhaps) a notch. The phr. _much in my nock_ seems to mean -‘much in my line’, ‘very suitable for me’, Triumphs of Love and Fortune -(last speech but one of Lentulo), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 242. So also -_beyond the nock_, above or beyond measure, ‘He commendeth hym by yonde -the nocke, _Il le prise oultre bort_, or _oultre mesure_’, Palsgrave. - -=noddy,= a simpleton. Two Gent. i. 1. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). - -=noddy,= a card-game. Heywood, Woman killed with Kindness (Wendell); B. -Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); Westward Ho, iv. 1 (Birdlime); Northward -Ho, ii. 1 (Liverpool). See Nares. - -=nog,= a kind of strong beer, brewed in East Anglia, esp. in Norfolk; -‘Walpole laid a quart of nog on’t’, Swift, Upon the Horrid Plot, &c., -31; ‘Here’s a Norfolk nog’, Vanbrugh, A Journey to London, i. 1 (John -Moody). See EDD. (s.v. Nog(g)). - -=noise,= a company of musicians, a band. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13; Beaumont -and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iii. 1. 4. Common. The phrase _Sneak’s -noise_ (2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 13) is copied by Heywood, Iron Age -(Thersites), vol. iii, p. 312. - -=nones:= phr. _for the nones_ = _for then ones_, for the once, for the -occasion. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9; B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. i -(Nano). See Dict. (s.v. Nonce). - -=nook-shotten,= provided with capes and necks of land; ‘That -nook-shotten isle of Albion’, Hen. V, iii. 5. 14. See the quotations in -NED. - -=noonstead,= the sun’s place at noon; the meridian. Spelt _noonestede_, -Sackville, Induction, st. 7; ‘Now it nigh’d the noonstead of the day’, -Drayton, Mooncalf (Nares). ‘Noonstead’ for the point of noon is known in -north Yorks. (EDD). - -=nope,= a bull-finch. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 74; ‘A Nope (bird), -_rubicilla_’, Coles, 1679; ‘_Chochepierre_, a kind of nowpe or bullfinch -that feeds on the kernels of cherri-stones’, Cotgrave. In prov. use. in -various parts of England (EDD.). See =awbe.= - -=noppe,= nap of cloth. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 453. Du. _noppe_, nap -(Hexham). See Dict. (s.v. Nap.^{2}). - -=noppy,= ‘nappy’ (as ale), having a head, strong. Skelton, El. Rummyng, -102. ‘Nappy’ is in gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See -above. - -=nosel;= see =nuzzle.= - -=nose-thrilles,= nostrils. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75. 3; § 84. 2. OE. -_nosþyrel_, nostril. - -=n’ot,= know not. _I not_, I know not, Gascoigne, Complaint of -Philomene, 114. ME. _noot_ (_not_), 1 and 3 pr. s., I know not, he knows -not (Chaucer); OE. _nāt_ (for _ne wāt_). - -=notted,= without horns; ‘A lamb . . . it is notted’ (footnote, without -horns), Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, 87. In prov. use we find -‘notted’ (‘knotted’, ‘natted’) meaning hornless, gen. of sheep; also -‘not’, hornless, of sheep or cattle, see EDD. (s.v. Not, adj.). - -=nott-headed,= having head with hair cropped short. Chapman, Widow’s -Tears, i (Tharsalio); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 3 (Preamble). ME. -_not-heed_, a head with hair cropped short (Chaucer, C. T. A. 109); see -Skeat’s Notes in Complete Edition. OE. _hnot_, bald-headed, close-cut -(Sweet). - -=noulde,= would not. Spenser, Shep. Kal., February, 192. ME. _nolde_ -(Chaucer); OE. _nolde_ (for _ne wolde_). - -=noule;= see =nowl.= - -=nourry,= a foster-child. Sir E. Wingfield, Letter to Wolsey (NED.); -_nourie_, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth, &c., st. 4; _noorie_, id., -Epit., &c., 60; id., Ovid’s Epistle, x (NED.) F. _nourri_, nourished, -nurtured. - -=nousle up;= See =nuzzle= (2). - -=novel,= news; ‘The novell’, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iv (Jupiter); vol. -iii, p. 55; Iron Age, Part II, A. ii (Soldier); p. 373. See Nares. - -=novum,= an old game at dice, played by five or six persons, the -principal throws being nine and five. L. L. L. v. 2. 547; ‘Change your -game for dice; We are full number for _Novum_’, Cook, Greene’s Tu -Quoque; in Ancient E. Drama, ii. 551, col. 1; spelt _novem_, A Woman -never vexed, ii. 1. 5. The ‘full number’ in this company was _six_; the -two principal throws were _nine_ and _five_. The game was properly -called _novem quinque_ (Douce); see Nares. - -=nowl,= the crown of the head; the head. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 17; -_noule_, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39. In prov. use (EDD.). OE. _hnoll_, -the top, summit, crown of the head. See Dict. (s.v. Noule). - -=nowl,= a blockhead. Jack Juggler, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 113. - -=nowle,= a mole-hill. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 17. - -=nown,= own. _Mine own_ became _my nown_; hence _his nowne_ = his own; -Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 49. See Nares. - -=noy,= annoyance, vexation. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, pp. 522, 532); -_noy_, to annoy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 45; _noyance_, annoyance, id., i. -1. 23; _noyous_, troublesome (NED.). See Nares. - -=noyfull,= harmful, disagreeable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 24, -§ 2. - -=nuddle,= to beat, to pummel. Rawlins, The Rebellion, iv. 1 (Trotter). - -=nuddock,= the nape of the neck. Phaer, Aeneid vii, 742. ‘Nuddick’ is -the Cornish word for the back of the neck, see EDD. (s.v. Niddick). - -=nullifidian,= a man of no faith, a sceptic in matters of religion. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). - -=numbles,= certain inward parts of a deer; part of the back and loins of -a hart; ‘Noumbles of a dere or beest, _entrailles_’, Palsgrave; Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 7; _nomblis_, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 7 -b. F. _nombles d’un cerf_, ‘the numbles of a stag’ (Cotgr.); OF. -_nomble_ (Godefroy). See Dict. And see =umbles.= - -=numerical,= particular, individual; ‘Not only of the specifical, but -numerical forms’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. i, § 33. Also (with -_same_ or _very_) identical, ‘That very numerical lady’, Dryden, -Marriage à la Mode, ii. 1 (Palamede); also in form _numerick_, ‘The same -numerick crew’, Butler, Hud. i. 3. 461. - -=nup,= a simpleton; ‘The vilest nup’, Brewer, Lingua, ii. 1 (end). - -=nupson,= a simpleton. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum., iv. 6 (Brainworm); -id., Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug). - -=nursle,= to nurse; ‘To have a Bastard . . . nursled i’ th’ Countrey’, -Brome; Eng. Moor, iii. 3 (NED.); _noursle up_, to train up, Spenser, F. -Q. vi. 4. 35. See =nuzzle.= - -=nurt, nort,= to push with the horns. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. 28; -_nort_, to push toward, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. viii, ch. 21. _Nurt_, -possibly related to OF. _hurter_ (F. _heurter_), to push. - -=nuzzle,= to poke or push with the nose; ‘I nosyll as a swyne dothe, _je -fouille du museau_’, Palsgrave spelt _nousle_, Venus and Ad. 1115; to -nestle close to a person, Heywood, Pleas. Dial. (Wks., ed. 1874, vi. -201); Marston, What you will, iii. 2 (Albano). Cp. Du. _neuselen_, to -poke with the nose (Kilian). - -=nuzzle,= to train, educate, nurture (freq. with _up_). Marston, -Antonio’s Revenge, Prol. 16; Drayton, Pol. xi. 180; _nosel_, Nice -Wanton, Prol. 9, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 163; _nousle up_, Spenser, F. -Q. i. 6. 23; _noursle up_, F. Q. vi. 4. 35; _nuzled in_, pp. trained in, -Holinshed, Chron. iii. 1225 (NED.); _nusled in_, New Customs, iii. 1; -Light of Gospel (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 44). See NED. See =nursle.= - -=nycibecetour,= a dainty dame, a fashionable girl; ‘Nycibecetours, or -denty dames’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 120; _nicibecetur_, -Roister Doister, i. 4. 12. - -=nye,= to draw nigh, approach. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 316; ‘We shall -nyghe the towne’, Palsgrave, 644. - -=nyefe;= see =neif.= - -†=nysot,= a wanton girl. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1244. Not found -elsewhere. - - - - - O - - -=O,= a round spot; a circle; ‘This wooden O’ (i.e. circular space), Hen. -V, Prol. 13; Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 81. See =oes.= - -=oade,= woad. B. Jonson, Poetaster, ii. 1 (Albius). - -=oatmeals,= a set of riotous and profligate young men (Cant); ‘Roaring -boys and oatmeals’, Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song). - -=Ob and Soller,= a dabbler in scholastic logic; one who deals with _obs_ -(objections) and _sols_ (solutions) in disputations; ‘To pass for deep -and learned Scholars, although but paltry Ob and Sollers’, Butler, Hud. -iii. 2. 1242. - -=obarni,= in full _Mead obarni_, i.e. ‘scalded mead’, a drink used in -Russia; ‘Hum, Meath and Obarni’, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Sat.). -Russ. _obvarnyi_, scalded. - -=oblatrant,= railing, reviling. One of the words ridiculed by B. Jonson, -Poetaster, v. 1 (Crispinus). L. _oblatrare_, to bark at. - -=obley,= a little cake of bread, prepared for consecration in the -celebration of the Eucharist, the sacramental wafer; ‘The kyng shall -offre an obbley of brede . . . with the whiche obleye after consecrate -the king shall be howseld’, Devyse, Coron. Hen. VIII (NED.); spelt -_ubblye_, Morte Arthur, leaf 360. 6; bk. xvii, ch. 20. ME. _obly_ or -_ubly_. ‘nebula’ (Prompt. EETS. 312, see note, no. 1528); _obeley_ -‘oblata’ (Voc. 598. 24). OF. _oublee_, ‘hostie’ (Didot), Med. L. -_oblata_, ‘panis ad sacrificium oblatus, hostia nondum consecrata’ -(Ducange). - -†=obliquid,= directed obliquely. Only in Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 54. - -=obnoxious,= exposed to; ‘The having them obnoxious to ruin’, Bacon, -Essay 36, § 3; submissive, ‘In consort, men are more obnoxious to -others’ humours’, id., Essay 20, § 6; ‘They that are envious towards all -are obnoxious and officious towards one’, id., Essay 44, § last; Dryden, -ii. 1 (Emperor). L. _obnoxius_, lit. exposed to harm, also, exposed to -the power of another, hence, submissive. - -=obsequies,= funeral rites, a funeral. 3 Hen. VI, i. 4. 147. Anglo-F. -_obsequies_ (Rough List), Med. L. _obsequiae_, ‘exequiae funebres’ -(Ducange). - -=obsequious,= dutiful in performing funeral obsequies, or in manifesting -regard for the dead; ‘To shed obsequious teares upon this Trunke’, Titus -And. v. 3. 152; ‘To do obsequious Sorrow’, Hamlet, i. 2. 92; -_obsequiously_, in the manner of a mourner, ‘I obsequiously lament’, -Richard III, i. 2. 3. - -=obtrect,= to disparage. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Usher). L. -_obtrectare_. - -=occupy,= to make use of; ‘Sondrie wares, . . . that men did commonly -occupy’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 67; to trade, Luke xix. 13; -‘They dyd dwell amonges them . . . occupying with them verye -familiarly’, More’s Utopia (ed. Arber, 31). See Bible Word-Book. But -often used in an indecent sense, till the word became odious, as Shak. -notes, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 161. - -=occurrent,= occurrence, event. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 68 and -181); BIBLE, 1 Kings v. 4. - -=odible,= hateful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 12, § last; -Fabyan, Chron., bk. i, c. 8. L. _odibilis_. - -=œillade,= an amorous glance. Merry Wives, i. 3. 68. F. _œillade_ -(Cotgr.), deriv. of _œil_, an eye. - -=o’er-hill’d,= covered over. B. Jonson, Masque of Beauty (January). See -=hill.= - -=oes,= bright round spots. Bacon, Essay 36; stars, Mids. Night’s D. iii. -2. 188; _O’s_, small metallic spangles, as in ‘embroidered with _O’s_’, -B. Jonson, Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 3. - -=oil:= _oil of angels_, oil of gold coins (i.e. coin employed in -bribes). Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 2 (Officer). _Oil of ben_ (or -_been_), oil from the _ben-nut_, or winged seed of the horse-radish tree -(_Moringa pterygosperma_). Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (Ricardo). Arab, -_bân_, the horseradish tree, or ben-nut. See Stanford (s.v. Ben). _Oil -of devil_, a ‘momentous preparation’ of unknown ingredients. Beaumont -and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iii. 3 (Leontius). _Oil of height_, the -red elixir, a red oil, fabled to transmute other metals into gold. B. -Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). _Oil of luna_, the white elixir, for -transmuting other metals into silver. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). -_Oil of mace_, oil from the spice called _mace_; but with a punning -reference to the mace borne by a serjeant who arrested a prisoner. -Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Sir B.). _Oil of talc_, a cosmetic, said -to have been obtained from talc. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle); -Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Shave ’em). - -=old,= great, plentiful, abundant; ‘Old utis’, high merriment, 2 Hen. -IV, iv. 2. 22; ‘Ould filching’, abundant stealing, Arden of Fev. ii. 2. -53. ‘Old’ is used as an intensitive in many parts of England and -Scotland, e.g. in Cheshire ‘old doings’ signify great sport, great -merriment, an uncommon display of hospitality, see EDD. (s.v. Old, 11). -ME. ‘gode olde fyghtyng’, Bone Florence, 681 (NED.). - -=old,= a country pronunc. of ‘wold’, plain open country. King Lear, iii. -4. 125; also _ould_, Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 38. - -=oilet-hole,= an ‘eyelet-hole’, a small round hole worked in cloth. -Shirley, Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); Gent. of Venice, iii. 1. 7. F. -_œillet_, a little eye, an eilet-hole (Cotgr.). From F. _œil_, an eye. -See NED. (s.v. Oillet). - -=olfact,= to smell; a pedantic form. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 742. L. -_olfactus_, pp. of _olfacere_, to smell. - -=oliphant,= elephant. Heywood, Brazen Age (Meleager), vol. iii, p. 187. -ME. _oliphant_ (Kingis Quair, 156); Anglo-F. _olifant_ (Ch. Rol. 3119), -_oliphant_ (Bozon, 19). - -=olla podrida,= a medley. Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Roscius -solus). Span. _olla podrida_ (lit. rotten pot), a dish composed of many -kinds of meats and vegetables stewed or boiled together; for detailed -account of ingredients, see Stevens. - -=on cai me on;= ‘Bid _on cai me on_, farewell’, Marlowe, Faustus, 40 -(ed. Tucker Brooke). Gk. ὂν καὶ μὴ ὄν, existence and non-existence -(Aristotle). The meaning is, Bid farewell to Aristotle and philosophy. - -=on-end:= phr. _still on-end_, continually. Mirror for Mag., -Northumberland, st. 17. See =an-end.= - -=on gog,= ‘a-gog’, in eagerness, full of eagerness. Gascoigne, Grief of -Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 288; _to set on gog_, to excite, make eager, -Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, x (NED.). - -=on hight,= aloud, in a high voice. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 45. ME. _on -highte_: ‘And spak thise same wordes al on highte’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -1784). - -=one,= alone, _solus_; ‘I one of all other’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, -170); _his one_, his own, ‘Then was she judged Triamond his one’, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 21. - -†=oneyers;= ‘Burgomasters and great oneyers’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 84. -Meaning doubtful; perhaps persons who converse with great ones -(Schmidt). - -=only,= alone; ‘Th’ only breath him daunts’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 13; -especial, ‘Mine onely foe, mine onely deadly dread’, id., i. 7. 50; ‘His -onely hart-sore and his onely foe’, id., ii. 1. 2. - -=onsay,= a saying of ‘On!’, the word to advance, the signal to start. -New Custom, ii. 2, l. 10 from end; see NED. - -=ontwight;= see =untwight.= - -=operance,= operation, action. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 3. 73. - -=operant,= operative, active. Hamlet, iii. 2. 184; Webster, Appius, v. 3 -(Virginius); Heywood, The Royal King, i. 1 (King); vol. vi, p. 6. - -†=ophic,= (?) relating to serpents; ‘Resolve To ophic powder’, Lady -Alimony, ii. 3 (Morisco). The sense is doubtful. - -=oppignorate,= to pawn, to pledge. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 91). L. -_oppignerare_, to pledge; from _pignus_, a pledge. - -=optic,= a magnifying glass, lens. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, i. 1 -(Theodoret); _optic glass_, a telescope, Milton, P. L. i. 288. - -=optimate,= a noble or aristocrat. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, i. 381; xi. -706. L. _optimates_, prop. members of the ‘Nobilitas’ in Rome, fr. -_optimus_, best. - -=opunctly,= according to appointment; at the time appointed. In Cook, -Green’s Tu Quoque; Ancient E. Drama, ii. 565, col. 2. For _appunctly_. -Cp. Med. L. _appunct_(_u_)_are_, ‘pacisci, convenire’ (Ducange). - -=orangeado-pie,= a pie with candied orange-peel. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. -I, iv. 2 (Crambo). See =oringado.= - -=orbity,= bereavement, childlessness. Heywood, Dialogue 2 (Pamphilus); -vol. vi, p. 127. L. _orbitas_, orphanage, childlessness. - -=ordinary,= a public dinner, where each one pays his share. ‘Crown -ordinary’, a five-shilling dinner, Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. -2 (Norbret); ‘He kept a daily Ordinary (thanks being the only shot his -guests were to pay)’, Fuller, Pisgah, iii. 6. 328. F. _ordinaire_, ‘ce -qu’on a accoutumé de servir pour le repas. _Il tient un bon ordinaire_’ -(Dict. Acad. 1762). - -=ordinately,= regularly, in an orderly way, righteously; ‘To walke -ordinatly, and in a plain way’, Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, -27). Cp. L. _ordinate_, in an orderly manner (Vulgate, 1 Mac. vi. 40). - -=ore,= the name of a fine kind of wool, esp. from Leominster; ‘To whom -did never sound the name of Lemster ore?’, Drayton, Polyolbion, song -vii, 1. 152; xiv. 237; ‘But then the ore of Lempster’, B. Jonson, The -Honour of Wales, 2 Song; ‘The finest Lemster ore’, Herrick, Oberon’s -Palace; Fuller, Worthies, 33. See EDD., NED., and Notes and Queries, 6th -S. i. 260. - -=ore,= seaweed. Drayton, Pol. iv. 74. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.vv. Ore -and Ware). OE. _wār_, ‘alga’ (Napier, OE. Glosses, 23. 2). - -=orgule,= pride. State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 88 (NED.). OF. _orguel_ (F. -_orgueil_), pride. - - =orguillous,= proud, haughty; ‘Proud and orgulllous’, Caxton, - Reynard (ed. Arber, 36); _orgillous_, Tr. and Cr., Prol. 2. - Anglo-F. _orguillous_ (Gower, Mirour, 1612). F. _orgueilleux_, - proud. - -=oricalche,= a very precious metal. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 78. L. -_orichalcum_, yellow copper ore, brass, highly prized by the ancients; -Gk. ὀρείχαλκος, mountain-copper (hence F. _archal_, in _fil d’archal_, -brass-wire). - -=orient,= applied to pearls and precious stones of superior quality and -brilliancy, as coming from the East. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 (Mosca). -Hence lustrous, brilliant, bright; ‘Now Morn . . . sowed the earth with -orient pearl’, Milton, P. L. v. 2; ‘Ten thousand banners rise into the -air with orient colours waving’, id., i. 516. Cp. F. _perles d’Orient_ -(Dict. Acad. 1762). - -=oringado,= candied orange-peel. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, i. 1 -(Steward). Cp. Span. _naranjada_, ‘a conserve made with oranges’; -_naranja_, orange (Stevens). See =orangeado-pie.= - -=ork, orc,= a sea-monster. Drayton, Pol. ii. 95; vii. 51. L. _orca_. - -=orkyn,= a small coin, a quarter of a stiver; ‘Bye an yearthen potte -. . . for an orkyn’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 28. Du. -_oortken_, ‘an _orkey_, or the fourth part of a stiver, or two doits’ -(Hexham); dimin. of _oort_, a small coin; see Franck. - -=orped,= stout, active, bold. Spelt _orpid_, Golding, Metam. vii. 440; -fol. 85 (1603); (of a boar) fierce, furious, id., viii. 395; fol. 99. -ME. _orped_, stout, brave (Gower, C. A. i. 2590); see Dict. M. and S. -OE. _orped_, gloss of _adultus_, syn. _snell_ (Napier, OE. Glosses, -3361). - -=orpharion,= a large kind of lute with from six to nine pairs of -strings, played with a plectrum; ‘The orpharion to the lute’, Drayton, -Pastorals, iii. 111. Composed of the names of Orpheus and Arion, -mythical musicians of Greek poetry. - -=orphelin,= an orphan. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 171. 11. Anglo-F. -_orphelin_, destitute, _orphanin_, an orphan (Gower); Late L. type -*_orphaninus_, deriv. of _orphanus_, Gk. ὀρφανός, bereft of parents or -children. - -=orpin,= orpiment, yellow arsenic. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 713. -F. _orpin_, ‘orpine, orpiment or arsenick’ (Cotgr.). - -=ortyard,= orchard. Golding, Metam. xiv. 624; fol. 175, back (1603). OE. -_ortgeard_. The first element _ort_ = L. _hortus_ (in Med. L. _ortus_), -a garden; cp. Norm. F. _ort_, ‘jardin, verger’ (Moisy 558), Anglo-F. -_ort_ (Gower, Mirour, 12868). - -=ospringer,= an osprey. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 557; ‘Ospringe, a -byrde’, Palsgrave. - -=ossifrage,= the Lammergeyer or Geir Eagle, identified with the -‘ossifraga’ of Pliny; ‘_Ossifrage_, a kind of Eagle, having so strong a -Beak that therewith she breaks bones and is therefore called a -bone-breaker’, Blount; in BIBLE, Lev. xi. 13, ossifrage (RV. gier -eagle). Identified with the ‘osprey’ or fish-hawk. Chapman, tr. of -Odyssey, iii. 505. - -=ostend,= to show. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Q. Mary), ed. Dyce, p. 194; -Heywood, Silver Age (Jupiter), vol. iii, p. 163. L. _ostendere_. - -=ostent,= a prodigy, manifestation. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 748; show, -Hen. V, v, chorus, 21; ostentation, Heywood, Iron Age, Part I (Ulysses); -vol. iii, p. 329. Also, to display, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. -14, § 6. L. _ostentum_, a prodigy (Vulg., Exod. vii. 3); _ostentare_, to -display (Vulg., Heb. vi. 11). - -=osteria,= a hostelry, inn. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 3 (Mosca); Beaumont -and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, ii. 2. 1. Ital. _osteria_ (Florio), Med. -L. _hostellaria_, ‘diversorium’ (Ducange). - -=ostry,= a hostelry. Marlowe, Faustus, ii. 3 (Robin). Hence -_ostry-faggot_, a faggot in a hostelry, Greene, Looking Glasse, iii. 3 -(1242); p. 133, col. 1. See =hostry.= - -=otacousticon,= an ear-trumpet, an instrument used to assist hearing. -Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3 (Ronca). Gk. ὠτ- (ὠτός, gen. of οὖς an ear) + -ἀκουστικός, acoustic. - -=other,= left; _other leg_, left leg, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 23; _other -eye_, left eye, id., iii. 9. 5; _other hand_, left hand, id., v. 12. 36. - -=other-gates,= of another kind. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 -(Truepenny); ‘Works . . . requiring other-gates workmen’, Gauden, Tears -of the Church, Pref. (Davies); in another way, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 199. -Still survives in the north country and in Warwicksh. (EDD.). - -=ouch,= the socket of a precious stone, an ornament, jewel. Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Moroso); ‘Thou shalt make them (the stones) to be -set in ouches of gold’, BIBLE, Exod. xxviii. 11; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 52. -ME. _nowch_, ‘monile, scutuler’ (Prompt. EETS. 309). Anglo-F. _nouche_, -a brooch (Gower, Balades, xxxiii. 2); _nusche_ (Rough List). See =owch.= - -=ought,= _pt. t._ owned, possessed. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1 -(Leonora). Also, owed; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 608; Spenser, F. Q. i. -4. 39; ii. 8. 40. ME. _oght_ (Dest. Troy, 12404), _ouhte_, owned, -possessed (P. Plowman, C. iv. 72). OE. _āhte_, pt. t. of _āgan_, to -possess, own. See =owe.= - -=oultrage,= ‘outrage’, violence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 182, back, -31. Anglo-F. _oultrage_, _oltrage_, _outrage_, extravagant conduct -(Gower). Med. L. _ultragium_, ‘immoderatio’, ‘injuria’ (Ducange), deriv. -of L. _ultra_, beyond. - -=oultrance:= phr. _put to oultrance_, put to the extremity, put to -death; Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 67, back, 10. Anglo-F. _oultrance_: ‘la -guerre jusques al oultrance’ (Gower, Mirour, 8040); see NED. (s.v. -Outrance). See =utterance.= - -=ouphe,= a fairy, an ‘elf’, ‘oaf’, goblin, Merry Wives, iv. 4. 49. Icel. -_ālfr_, an elf. See =aulf.= - -=out,= proverbial saying, _out of God’s blessing into the warm sun_, -from better to worse, Heywood’s Proverbs, bk. ii, ch. 5 (ed. Farmer, pp. -67 and 148); Harrison, Desc. Britain, in Holinshed (ed. 1577, i. fol. -11a). Cp. Lyly’s Euphues (ed. Arber, 320), ‘Thou forsakest God’s -blessing to sit in a warme Sunne’; and, ‘If thou wilt follow my advice -. . . thou shalt come out of a warme Sunne into God’s blessing’ (id. -196), where the proverb is reversed; ‘Thou must approve the common saw, -Thou out of heaven’s benediction comest To the warm sun!’ King Lear, ii. -2. 157, 158 (see W. A. Wright’s note in C. P. Series). The original -meaning of this proverbial expression is not clear. - -=out,= to put out, extinguish, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 735; -‘Witness that Taper whose prophetick snuff Was outed and revived with -one puff’, Quarles, Argalus and Parthenia (ed. 1678, 77). - -=outbrast,= _pt. t._ burst out. Sackville, Induction, st. 11. Pt. t. of -ME. _outbresten_; ‘The blode outbrast’ (Dest. Troy, 8045); see NED. -(s.v. Outburst). - -=out-brayed,= _pt. t._ brayed out, uttered aloud. Sackville, Induction, -st. 18. Doubtless confused with =abraid.= - -=out-breast,= to outvoice, surpass in singing. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 3. -145. - -=outcept,= except. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan); ii. 1 (Hilts). - -=out-cry,= an auction; because such a sale was proclaimed by the common -crier. B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia); New Inn, i. 1 (Host); -Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (Bellides). See Nares. - -=outrecuidance,= arrogance. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Dique); -Eastward Ho, iv. 1 (_or_ 2) (Golding). F. _oultrecuidance_, an -overweening presumption, pride, arrogancy (Cotgr.); F. _outrecuidance_; -O. Prov. _oltracuidar_, _oltra_, L. _ultra_, beyond + _cuidar_, to -think, L. _cogitare_. - -=outrider,= a highwayman. Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 43. - -=outsquat,= to throw out (as from a sling), to scatter; ‘The greatest -sort with slings their plummet-lompes of lead outsquats’, Phaer, tr. of -Aeneid, vii. 687. - -=overcraw,= to triumph over, lit. to crow over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 50. -See Nares. - -=overdight,= _pp._ covered over. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 53; iv. 8. 34. -_Dight_, pp., appears in later poetic language to be often taken as an -archaic form of _decked_, see NED. (s.v. Dight, vb. 10). - -=overflown,= flushed with wine. Middleton, Phœnix, iv. 2 (Ph.). Cp. -Milton, P. L., i. 502, ‘Then wander forth the sons of Belial, flown with -insolence and wine.’ - -=overgrast,= overgrown with grass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130. - -=overhaile,= to draw over. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 75. See =hale and -ho.= - -=overlashing,= extravagant. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 105); -extravagance, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 39. - -=overlive,= to survive. Bacon, Essay 27, § 4. - -=overlook,= to look down upon, despise. Hen. V, iii. 5. 9; B. Jonson, -Alchem. iv. 1 (Subtle). - -=overlop,= the planking of a deck; the ‘orlop’; ‘His bed was not laid -upon the overlop’, North, tr. of Plutarch, Alcibiades (Shak. Plutarch, -p. 295, § 3). Du. _overloop_, ‘the covert or deck of anything; the -hatches of a ship’ (Hexham). - -=overseen,= betrayed into error, deluded. Chapman, Argument 2 to Iliad, -bk. xiv; intoxicated, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16; ed. Arber, p. 37. -‘Overseen’ is still in prov. use in both senses: (1) cheated, deluded; -(2) overcome with drink, intoxicated; see EDD. (s.v. Overseen, 3 and 4). - -=over-shot,= i.e. an _over-shot mill_, a mill worked by water pouring -over the top of the wheel. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 2 (Chilax). - -=overthwart,= across, transversely. Morte Arthur, leaf 262, back, 15; -bk. x, c. 64; cross, malicious, id., lf. 180. 25; bk. ix, c. 15; an -adverse circumstance, Surrey, Praise of Mean Estate, 12; in Tottel’s -Misc. p. 27. ‘Overthwart’ (meaning across) is in prov. use in many parts -of England (EDD.). ME. _overthwarte_: ‘_ovyr wharte_, transversus’ -(Prompt. EETS. 321). - -=overture,= an open space. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 28. The gloss has: -‘_Overture_, an open place; the word is borrowed of the French, and used -in good writers.’ Anglo-F. _overture_, an opening (Gower). - -=overture,= used to mean _overthrow_. Middleton, Family of Love, i. 1 -(Glister). See NED. for other examples. - -=overwent,= oppressed, subdued. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 2. The gloss -has: ‘overwent, overgone.’ - -=owch,= a clasp, esp. a jewelled clasp, jewel. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 31. -See =ouch.= - -=owdell,= a kind of poem. Drayton, Pol. iv. 184. Welsh _awdl_, a rime or -assonance. - -=owe,= to possess. Tempest, i. 2. 407; Meas. for M. i. 4. 83; ii. 4. -123. ME. _owen_, to possess (Chaucer, C. T. C. 361); OE. _āgan_. See -=ought.= - -=ower,= a form of _oar_; ‘And there row’d off with owers of my hands’, -Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 628; cp. ‘my hands for oars’, id., x. 482. - -=Owlglass,= a jester, buffoon. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 1 (Tucca to -Histrio). The word is an English equivalent of German _Eulenspiegel_; -see below. ‘A merye jeste of a Man that was called Howleglas’, Title of -an old German jest-book translated into English in 1560. - -=owl-spiegle,= an English part-rendering of German _Eulenspiegel_ -(_Eule_, owl + _spiegel_, glass mirror), the name of a German jester of -mediaeval times, the hero of a jest-book. Used as a term of abuse: ‘Out, -thou houlet! . . . owl-spiegle!’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); -‘Ulen Spiegel!’, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Hence F. _espiègle_ -(Hatzfeld). See above. - -=ox:= Proverbial saying—_The black ox has trod on his foot_, i.e. he -has fallen into decay or adversity; it often implies old age: ‘She was a -pretty wench . . now . . the black oxe hath trod on her foote’, Lyly, -Sapho and Phao, iv. 2 (Venus); ‘When . . the blacke Oxe (shall) treade -on their foote—who wil like of them in their age who loved none in -their youth’, id., Euphues (ed. Arber, 55); ‘The black ox had not trod -on his nor her foot’, Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 17); ‘The black -ox never trod on his foot, i.e. he never knew what sorrow or adversity -meant’, Ray, Prov. Phrases (ed. Bohn, 173). Cp. Gascoigne, Glasse of -Governement, v. 6 (Gnomaticus). The saying is still in prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)). - - - - - P - - -=paciens,= ‘patience’, a name given in the north and north-west of -England to the bistort; ‘The herbe [Tobacco] is . . . garnished with -great long leaves like the paciens’, Harrison, Descr. of England, -Chronology, 1573 (ed. Furnivall, p. lv). See NED. (s.v. Passions). - -=pack,= to practise deceitful collusion, to plot. Titus And. iv. 2. 155; -_packed_, confederate, Com. Errors, v. 1. 219; contrived, Fletcher, -Span. Curate, iv. 5 (Bartolus). - -=packing,= confederacy, conspiracy, collusion. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 121; -Massinger, Gt. Duke of Florence, iii. 1 (Giovanni). - -=pad,= a toad, proverbial saying, _a pad in the straw_, a lurking -danger; ‘In straw thear lurcketh soom pad’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -i. 656; Gosson, School of Abuse, 63; Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 -(Chat). In Yorks. ‘pad’ is used for a frog (EDD.); Icel. _padda_, a -toad; Flem. _padde_, ‘crapauld’ (Plantin). - - =paddock,= a toad. Hamlet, iii. 4. 190; a frog, ‘Padockes, - _grenouilles_’, Palsgrave, 502. In gen. prov. use for a frog or - toad (EDD.). - -=pad,= a path, track. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. Can.); _horse -pad_, a horse-path, Bunyan, Grace Abounding (NED.); _high pad_, the -highway, Harman, Caveat, 84; also, a highwayman, ‘The High-Pad or Knight -of the Road’, R. Head, Canting Acad. 88. _Pad_, a road-horse, a pad-nag, -Shirley, Witty Fair One, i. 1. 5. Hence _padder_, a foot-pad, Massinger, -New Way to pay, &c., ii. 1 (Marrall); _padding_, robbing on the highway, -‘Ride out a-padding’, Dryden, Princess of Cleves, Prol. 29. ‘Pad’ is in -gen. prov. use for a path in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). -Low G. _pad_, path; _padden_, to go on foot (Koolman). - -=pad,= a wicker pannier; ‘A haske is a wicker pad’, Glosse by E. K. to -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 16. In prov. use in the eastern counties, see -EDD. (s.v. Pad, sb.^{5}), and NED. (Pad, sb.^{4}). - -=pagador,= pay-master. Spenser, State of Ireland (Wks., Globe ed., 657). -Span. _pagador_, a paymaster (Stevens). - -=pagan,= a cant term of reproach. A paramour, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 168; a -bastard, Fletcher, Captain, iv. 2 (Host). - -=paggle,= to hang loosely down, like a bag. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 -(1421); scene 10. 63 (W.); p. 171, l. 1 (D.). - -=paigle,= a cowslip. B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 7); -spelt _paggles_, pl., Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 25. In gen. prov. use -(EDD.). - -=painful,= painstaking, laborious. L. L. L. ii. 23; Tam. Shrew, v. 2. -147; ‘Such servants are oftenest painfull and good’, Tusser, Husbandry, -170. Still in use in the north country (EDD.). - -=painted,= adorned with bright colouring; ‘A peinted sheathe’, a -handsome exterior, Udall, tr. of Apoth., Diogenes, § 190; pride, -vainglory, id., Socrates, § 56; ‘Peinted termes’, grandiloquence, id., -Antigonus, § 14. - -=painted cloth,= cloth or canvas painted in oils and used for hangings -in rooms. L. L. L. v. 2. 579; As You Like It, iii. 2. 290; 1 Hen. IV, -iv. 2. 28. It often showed moral pictures. See NED. - -=pair of cards,= a pack of cards; ‘A payre of cardes’, Ascham, -Toxophilus, p. 49; Fletcher, Sea-voyage, i. 1 (Tibalt). See Nares. - -=pair of organs,= an organ. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 1 (Sir B.); -‘_Unes orgues_, a payre of organs, an instrument of musyke’, Palsgrave, -183. See NED. (s.v. Organ, 2 c). - -=pair-royal,= in cribbage and other card games, three cards of the same -denomination; a throw of three dice all turning up the same number of -points, as three twos, &c. Hence, a set of three persons or things, -Ford, Broken Heart, v. 3; ‘That great pair-royal of adamantine sisters’, -Quarles, Emblems, v; Howell, Lex. Tetraglotton, Dedication; Butler, -Ballad upon the Parliament (last line; _pair-royal_, riming with -_trial_); ‘That paroyall of armies’, Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 2. 22. See -Nares and NED. ‘Prial’ is in prov. use in various parts of England in -the sense of (1) a ‘pair-royal’ in cards, (2) three of a sort, (3) a -gathering of persons of a similar disposition (EDD.). See =parreal.= - -=paise;= see =peise.= - -=pall,= to become faint, to fail in strength. Hamlet, v. 2. 9; Phaer, -Aeneid ix (NED.); to enfeeble, weaken; to daunt, appal, King James I, -Kingis Quair, st. 18; Fletcher, Bloody Brother, ii. 1 (Latorch); Peele, -Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 532). - -=palliard,= a lewd person, a thorough rascal. Dryden, Hind and Panther, -ii. 563; Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song). _Palliards_, one of the -twenty-four orders of Vagabonds; beggars who excited compassion by means -of artificial sores, made by binding some corrosive to the flesh; see -Harman, Caveat, p. 44, and Aydelotte, p. 27. F. _paillard_, ‘a knave, -rascall’, &c. (Cotgr.); lit. one who lies on straw; F. _paille_, L. -_palea_, straw. - -=palm,= the flat expanded part of a deer’s horn, whence the points -project. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 124. - -=palmplay,= a game resembling tennis, but played with the hand instead -of a bat. Surrey, Prisoned in Windsor, 13; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 13. Cp. -F. _jeu de paume_ (Dict. de l’Acad., s.v. Paume). - -=palped,= that can be felt, palpable. Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Icilius); -Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 206. L. _palpare_, to feel. - -=palt,= to trudge; ‘Palting to school’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, ii. 165. - -=palter,= to shift, shuffle, equivocate. Macbeth, v. 8. 20; Ant. and Cl. -iii. 11. 63. - -=paltock,= a short coat, sleeved doublet. Morte Arthur, leaf 89, 27; bk. -v, c. 10; OF. _paletocque_; ‘Paltocke, a garment, _halcret_’ -(Palsgrave). ME. _paltok_ (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 25); _paltoke_ (Prompt. -EETS., see note, no. 1569). F. _palletoc_, ‘a long and thick pelt or -cassock, a garment like a short cloak with sleeves’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. -(s.v. Paletot). - -=Paltock’s inn,= a mean or inhospitable place; Paltock is probably here -a proper name, but the allusion is unknown. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. -52; Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. 65 (a rendering of the Lat. -‘pollutum hospitium’, l. 61). - -=pampestry,= a corrupt form of _palmistry_. Mirror for Mag., Bladud, st. -25. ME. _pawmestry_ (Lydgate, Assembly of Gods, 870). - -=pamphysic,= concerning all nature. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). -Gk. παμ- + φυσικός. - -=panada, panado,= bread boiled to a pulp, and flavoured with currants, -sugar, &c. _Panada_, Massinger, A New Way, i. 2 (Furnace); _panado_, -Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Gasparo). In Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver), -the word is spelt _poynado_. Span. _panada_. See Stanford (s.v. Panade). - -=panarchic,= all-ruling. A nonce-word. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle). Gk. πάναρχος, all-ruling + _-ic_. - -=panax,= all-heal; a healing plant, whence opopanax is made. Middleton, -The Witch, iii. 3 (Firestone). L. _panax_; Gk. πάναξ, πανακής, -all-healing. - -=pandora,= a ‘bandore’, a musical instrument, a kind of lute. Rowley, -All’s Lost, ii. 1. 4; _pandore_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 63. Gk. πανδοῦρα. See -Stanford. - -=paned hose,= breeches made of strips of different coloured cloth joined -together; or of cloth cut into strips, between which ribs or stripes of -another material or colour were inserted or drawn through. Beaumont and -Fl., Woman-hater, i. 2 (Lazarillo); Wit at several Weapons, iv. 1 -(Cunningham). From _pane_, a patch of cloth. OF. _pan_, L. _pannus_. - -=panel;= see =pannel.= - -=pannam,= bread (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, -Caveat, p. 83. - -=pannel,= a panel; a piece of cloth placed under the saddle to protect -the horse’s back; also, a rough saddle. Butler, Hud. i. 1. 447; ‘A -straw-stufft pannel’, Hall, Sat. iv. 2. 26; _panel_, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 17. 5. OF. _panel_, a piece of cloth for a saddle, F. ‘_paneau_ -(_panneau_), a pannel of a saddle’ (Cotgr.). - -=pannikell,= the brain-pan, skull. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 23. L. -_panniculus_, the membranous structure of the brain, see NED. (s.v. -Pannicle). - -=pantler,= the officer of a household in charge of the pantry. 2 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 258; Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (Springlove); ‘A pantler, -_panis custos_, _promus_’, Gouldman. ME. _pantelere_, ‘panitarius’ -(Prompt. EETS. 326, see note, no. 1571). - -=pantofle,= a slipper, Massinger, Bashful Lover, v. 1; Unnat. Combat, -iii. 2 (Page); Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 2 (Servant); Spanish -Curate, iv. 1 (Ascanio); ‘_Baseæ_ . . . a kynde of slippers or -pantofles’, Cooper, Thesaurus. F. _pantoufle_ (1489 in Hatzfeld). The -usual English stress on the first syllable facilitated the corruptions: -_pantapple_ (Baret), _pantable_ (Sydney, Arcadia), _pantocle_ (Ascham, -Scholemaster, ed. Arber, 84), assimilated to words in _-ple_, _-ble_, -_-cle_. See NED. - -=pap:= phr. _pap with a hatchet_, infant’s food administered with a -hatchet instead of a spoon; an ironical phrase for a form of reproof or -chastisement; ‘They give us pap with a spoon before we can speak; and -when wee speake for that wee love [like], _pap with a hatchet_’, Lyly, -Mother Bombie, i. 3 (Livia); the name of a controversial tract -attributed to Lyly. - -=parage,= lineage; esp. noble lineage, high birth. Morte Arthur, leaf -110, back, 5; bk. vii, c.5; ‘Of high and noble parages’, Udall, Roister -Doister, Act i, sc. 2; ed. Arber, p. 17. OF. _parage_, ‘parente, -affinité; noblesse, naissance illustre’ (Didot); see Moisy. O. Prov. -_paratge_, ‘naissance noble, noblesse’ (Levy); Med. L. _paraticum_, see -Ducange (s.v. Paragium). - -=paramento,= an article of apparel. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 -(Incubo). Span. _paramento_, ornament; Med. L. _paramentum_, ornament; -_parare_, ‘ornare’ (Ducange). See =pare.= - -=paranymph,= friend of the bridegroom. Milton, Samson, 1020. F. -_paranymphe_, ‘. . . an assistant in the . . . ordering of bridall -businesses’ (Cotgr.). Gk. παράνυμφος, friend of the bridegroom (John -iii. 29); Gk. παρά, beside; νύμφη, bride. - -=parator;= see =paritor.= - -=paravaunt,= beforehand, first of all. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 16; vi. -10. 15. F. _par avant_. - -=parboil,= to boil thoroughly. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 -(Downright). See Dict. - -=parbreak, parbrake,= to vomit. Skelton, Duke of Albany, 322; Hall, -Satires, i. 5. 9; Palsgrave. 478; Horman, Vulg. 39 (NED.); also, as sb., -vomit, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 20. ME. _parbrakynge_, ‘vomitus’ (Prompt.); -the usual form in Prompt. is _brakyn_, ‘vomo’ (see ed. EETS., Index, p. -749). - -=parcel,= a portion, part, share; ‘A parcel of ground’, BIBLE, John iv. -5; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 68. 63; Merry Wives, i. 1. 237; item, -particular, All’s Well, iv. 3. 104; small party, L. L. L. v. 2. 160. - -=parcel,= partly; _parcel-gilt_, partly gilded, esp. of silver ware. 2 -Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94. _Parcel_, used for _parcel-gilt_, Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Mother). So also _parcel-bawd_; Meas. for M. ii. 1. 63; -Fletcher, Captain, i. 1 (Lodovico). _Parcel-popish_, Fuller, Worthies, -Somerset. See NED. (s.v. Parcel, B. 1). - -=parclose, perclose,= close, conclusion, esp. of literary matter. -Warner, Alb. Eng. Epit. (ed. 1612, 377); Quarles, Sol. Recant. vii. 97. -Norm. F. _parclose_, conclusion (Moisy); see also Didot. - -=parcloos, parclose,= an enclosed space in a building, small chamber. -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 9, back, 25. Anglo-F. _parclose_, an enclosure -(Gower); OF. _parclouse_, ‘clos, lieu cultivé et fermé de murs ou de -haies’ (Didot). - -=pardalis,= a panther. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 667; _pardale_, -Spenser, F. Q. i. 626. Gk. πάρδαλις, fem., a panther. - -=pare,= to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 245, back, 26; Knight of la -Tour (EETS.), p. 67, l. 2. Hence _parement_, an ornament, id., leaf 236. -27. See =paramento.= - -=paregal,= fully equal. Skelton, Dethe of E. of Northumberland, 134; -_peregall_, id., Speke Parrot, 430. Norm. F. _paregal_, ‘parfaitement -égal’; see Moisy (s.v. Parigal). See =peregall.= - -=parel,= ‘apparel’, clothing, attire; ‘A shining parel . . . of Tirian -purple’, Surrey, Aeneid iv, 337. Hence, _parrelments_, clothes, Heywood, -Witches of Lancs., i (near end), Wks. iv. 186. ME. _paraille_, clothing -(P. Plowman, B. xi. 228). Norm. F. _apareiller_, ‘parer, orner’ (Moisy). - -=parerga,= unimportant matters, secondary business. B. Jonson, Magnetic -Lady, i. 1 (Compass). Gk. πάρεργα, pl. of πάρεργον, by-work. - -=parget,= ornamental work in plaster. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 9. -Anglo-F. _pargeter_, projeter, jeter et répandre en avant (Ch. Rol. -2634); see Moisy (s.v. Parjeter). See Dict., and see =pergit.= - -=parish-top,= a large top kept for public exercise in a parish. Twelfth -Nt. i. 3. 44. See =town-top.= - -=paritor, parator,= ‘apparitor’, a summoning officer of an -ecclesiastical court. Fletcher, Span. Curato, v. 2 (Bartolus); -_parator_, Heywood, 2 Edw. IV (1 Apparitor), vol. i, p. 161. L. -_apparitor_, a public servant, such as a lictor (Cicero). - -=parket,= a ‘parakeet’. Marston, The Fawn, ii. 1 (Nymphadore). - -=parlance,= speaking, speech; parleying. Speed, Hist. Gt. Britain, ix. -12. 575 (NED.). Norm. F. _parlance_, ‘entretien’ (Moisy). - -=parlant,= one who parleys, or takes part in a conference. Warner, Alb. -England, bk. iii, ch. 19, st. 32. - -=parle,= a parley, conference. Tam. Shrew i. 1. 117; Hamlet, i. 1. 62; -to parley. L. L. L. v. 2. 122. - -=parlous,= alarming, mischievous, ‘perilous’, shrewd. Mids. Night’s D. -iii. 1. 14; Richard III, ii. 4. 35. - -=parmesant,= cheese made in the duchy of Parma. Middleton, The -Changeling, i. 2 (3 Madman); _parmesent_, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 4 -(Poggio). F. _parmesan_, Ital. _parmegiano_, belonging to Parma. See -Stanford (s.v. Parmesan). - -=parnel,= a wanton young woman. Phillips, Dict., 1678; Becon, Popish -Mass (Works, iii. 41), see NED. ME. _pernelle_ (P. Plowman, B. iv. 116); -F. _peronnelle_, ‘une femme de peu’ (Dict. Acad., ed. 1762). ‘Parnel’ -orig. a feminine Christian name, ME. _Peronelle_ (Gower, C. A. i. 3396); -OF. _Peronelle_, a Christian name from St. _Petronilla_. Hence the -surname Parnell (Bardsley, 582). - -=paroli,= at faro or basset, the leaving of the money staked and the -money won as a new stake; a doubling of the stakes. Farquhar, Sir Harry -Wildair, ii. 1 (Banter); id., ii. 2 (Wildair). Ital. _paroli_, ‘a grand -part, set, or cast at dice’; _parolare_, ‘to play at a grand part at -dice’ (Florio). See Stanford. - -=paronomasia,= a pun, play upon words; ‘The jingle of a more poor -paranomasia’, Dryden, Account of Annus Mirabilis. Gk. παρονομσία. See -Stanford. - -=parreal,= ‘pair-royal’; meaning three of a sort. ‘The _we’s_, which is -a distinct _parreal_ of wit bound by itself’, &c., Parson’s Wedding, ii. -3 (Wanton). The allusion is probably to the public-house sign, ‘We Three -Loggerheads be’, a jocular painting of _two_ silly-looking faces, the -unsuspecting spectator being of course the third. See History of -Signboards (1866), p. 458. See =pair-royal.= - -=parrelments;= see =parel.= - -=parsee,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal; ‘A . . . dogge -that hunts my heart By _parsee_ each-wheare found’ (i.e. found -everywhere by means of the blood-trail), Warner, Albion’s England, bk. -vii, ch. 36, st. 90; ‘Ascanius and his company, drawing by _parsie_ [by -the trail] after the stagge’, id., prose addition to bk. ii, § 22. F. -_percé_, lit. pierced; hence, a wounded animal. Finally, confused with -_pursue_. See =persue.= - -=parson,= a prov. pronunciation of ‘person’. Middleton, No Wit like a -Woman’s, iii. 1 (Sir G. Lamb.); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iv. 1 -(Servant). - -=part,= a party, a body of adherents or partisans; ‘The part of -Chalengers’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 25. - -=partage,= a share. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 2 (Mariana). -Anglo-F. _partage_, sharing (Gower, Mirour, 1654). - -=parted,= gifted with good parts. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 96; Massinger, Gt. -Duke of Florence, iv. 2 (Sanazzaro). - -=Partlet,= a word used as the proper name of any hen; also applied to a -woman. Winter’s Tale, ii. 3. 75; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 60. ME. _Pertelote_, -the name of the hen in Chaucer’s Nun’s Priest’s Tale (C. T. B. 4075, -4295, 4552). - -=partlette,= a neckerchief or handkerchief. Tyndale, Acts xix. 12, -_partlettes_ = ‘semicinctia’ (Vulgate), σιμικίνθια, aprons; -_partelettes_, Cranmer’s Bible, 1539; ‘_Un collet ou gorgias de quoi les -femmes couvrent leurs poictrines_, a partlet’, Hollyband, 1580 (NED.). - -=pash,= the head; usually in a depreciatory sense. Wint. Tale, i. 2. -128. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.). - -=pash,= to dash into pieces. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 2 (Harpax); -Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 213; v. 2. 10; to hurl, Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 2 (414) -(Orlando). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=pashe:= in phr. _for the pashe of God_, Roister Doister, iv. 3; _for -the pashe of our sweete Lord Jesus Christ_, id., v. 5; _for the passion -of God_, id., iv. 3. - -=pass,= to go beyond, exceed, surpass. Merry Wives, i. 1. 310. Hence -_passing_, surpassing; ‘Passing the love of women’, BIBLE, 2 Sam. i. 26; -Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 24; extremely, Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. See EDD. -(s.v. Pass, vb. 8). - -=pass,= to care, reck; ‘I do not pass a pin’, Greene (Alphonsus), i. 1; -_to pass of_, to care for, regard, ‘I pass not of his frivolous -speeches’, id., Friar Bacon, i. 2. 271; _to pass for_, to care for, -Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 4 (Edward). - -=passado,= a motion forwards and thrust in fencing. L. L. L. i. 2. 184; -Romeo, ii. 4. 26; iii. 1. 88. Cp. F. _passade_, Sp. _pasada_, It. -_passata_. - -=passage,= a game at dice; ‘Passage is a game at dice to be played at -but by two, and it is performed with 3 dice. The caster throws -continually till he hath thrown dubblets under ten, and then he is out -or loseth, or dubblets above ten, and then he _passeth_, and wins’, -Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 119 (Nares); ‘_Passe-dix_, such a game as -our Passage’, Cotgrave; ‘Learn to play at primero and passage’, B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum. i. 1 (Carlo); Rowley, A Woman never vexed, -ii. 1. 3. See =court-passage.= - -=passant= (in heraldry), walking and looking toward the dexter side, -with three paws down, and the dexter forepaw raised; said of an animal. -Merry Wives, i. 1. 20. F. _passant_, passing. - -=passata,= the same as =passado.= Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). - -=passe-measure, passameasure= (Florio, 1598, s.v. Passamezzo), a slow -dance of Italian origin, a variety of the ‘pavan’; _a passy measures -Pavyn_, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 205; _passa-measures galliard_, Middleton, -More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Page). Ital. _passamezzo_, for _passo e mezzo_, -i.e. a step and a half; see NED. - -=passement,= gold or silver lace, braid of silk or other material. -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, iii. 1 (Arber, 150). F. _passement_; Span. -_passamano_, ‘lace of gold, silver or silk for cloaths’ (Stevens). - -=passion,= sorrow, grief. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Dutch -Merchant); iii. 1 (Weatherwise); a pathetic speech, Massinger, The Old -Law, i. 1 (Simonides). - -=passionate,= sorrowful; compassionate, loving, pitiful. King John, ii. -1. 554; Richard III, i. 4. 121; Shirley, Changes, i. 2; Spenser, Colin -Clout, 427. - -=pastance,= pastime; ‘For my pastance, hunt, syng, and daunce’, Song by -Henry VIII; The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 23 (l. 5). F. -_passe-temps_; see Montaigne, Essais, III. xiii (ed. 1870, p. 584), on -‘cette phrase ordinaire de “Passe-temps”’. - -=pastillo,= a small roll of aromatic paste prepared to be burnt as a -perfume. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Wit.). L. _pastillus_, an -aromatic lozenge (Horace). - -=pastler,= a maker of pastry, confectioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Alexander, § 9; ‘Cooks or Pastelars’, Stow, Survey of London (ed. Thoms, -115). ME. _pastelere_, ‘pastillarius’ (Prompt. EETS. 329, see note, no. -1582). OF. _pastellier_ (Godefroy). - -=patache,= a tender, a vessel attending a squadron of ships; ‘Ships, -pynaces, pataches’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon; Works, ii. 256. Span. -_patache_ (Stevens). Probably a Dalmatian word, cp. Med. L. _bastasia_, -‘naviculae apud Dalmatas species’ (Ducange). See Stanford. - -=patch,= a clown, a paltry fellow. Macbeth, v. 3. 15; Massinger, Virgin -Martyr, ii. 1 (Hireius). - -†=pathaires,= explosive outbursts (?). Arden of Fev. iii. 5. 51. Not -found elsewhere. - -=patish,= to agree upon, bargain for; ‘The money, which the pirates -patished for his raunsome’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 1; ‘To -pattish, patise, covenant, _pacisci_’, Levins, Manip. ‘Pattish’ is given -as an obsolete Yorks. word in the sense of ‘to plot or contrive -together’ (EDD.). Cp. OF. _patis_, ‘pacte, traité’ (Didot); _patiser_, -to agree upon; deriv. of L. _pactum_, an agreement. - -=patoun,= the meaning is uncertain. In B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Hum. -iv. 4, ‘the making of the patoun’ may refer to the moulding of the -tobacco into some shape for the pipe; cp. F. _pâton_, lump or pellet of -paste (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). - -=patrico,= a hedge-priest among the gipsies, who performed marriages. -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4; B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, ii (Waspe), -near the end. See Aydelotte, p. 19. - -=patrone,= a ‘pattern’, copy, sampler, exemplar; ‘Make all thynges -accordynge to the patrone’ (κατὰ τὸν τύπον), Tyndale, Heb. viii. 5. The -Gk. τύπος is so rendered in Cranmer’s Bible (1539), and in the Geneva -Bible (1557); Coverdale, 2 Kings xvi. 10. F. _patron_, ‘modèle, exemple’ -(Gloss. to Rabelais). O. Prov. _patron_, ‘modèle’ (Levy). - -=patten,= a form of _pattern_. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (_or_ -2) (E. Knowell); ‘A Patten, _prototypon_’, Levins, Manip. - -=paunce, pawnce,= the ‘pansy’, or heart’s-ease. Spenser, Shep. Kal., -April, 142; Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, c. 28, st. 43; _panse_, -Holland, Pliny, xxi. 10. 92. OF. _panse_, _pense_, thought, O. Prov. -_pensa_, ‘pensée’ (Levy). - -=pauncie,= the pansy. Tusser, Husbandry, § 43. 24; F. _pensée_, ‘a -thought, also the flower Paunsie’ (Cotgr.). - -=pautener, pawtener,= a wallet, scrip. Skelton, Ware the Hauke, 44; -‘Pautner, _malette_’, Palsgrave. ME. _pawtenere_, _pawytnere_, -‘cassidile’ (Prompt. EETS. 330, see note, no. 1592). F. _pautonniere_, -‘a shepherd’s scrip’ (Cotgr.). - -=pavan,= a stately dance in which the dancers were elaborately dressed. -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 23 (Arber, 61); _pavin_, Twelfth N. v. 1. -207; _paven_, Fletcher, Mad Lover, ii. 2 (near end); _pavion_, Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, i. 19. 12. F. _pavane_, Ital. _pavana_, Span. _pavana_ -(_pabana_). See Stanford. - -=pavis,= a convex shield large enough to cover the whole body, used esp. -in sieges; ‘The shotte . . . they defended with Pavishes’, Hall, Chron. -Hen. VIII, 42; ‘A pavis coveris thair left sydis’, Douglas, Aeneid vii, -13. 67; as used on board a ship, ranged along the sides as a defence -against archery, Lydgate, Siege Harfleur (Arber’s Garner, viii. 16). -Span. _paves_ (Stevens); Ital. _pavese_, _palvese_ (Florio); Med. L. -_pavenses_, pl. (Ducange); perhaps from Pavia, see Hatzfeld (s.v. -Pavois). - -=paw,= improper, nasty, obscene; ‘Paw words’, Wycherley, Country Wife, -v. 2 (Horner); ‘Marrying is a paw thing’, Congreve, Love for Love, v. 2 -(Tattle). From _paw_, or _pah!_ interj., expressive of disgust. - -=Pawn,= ‘the Pawn’; a corridor, which formed a kind of bazaar, in -Gresham’s Royal Exchange. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); ‘Little lawn -then served the Pawn’, T. Campion (ed. Bullen, 114). See Nares. F. _pan_ -(de muraille), used in the Low Countries in the sense of ‘une gallerie -ou cloistre, lieu ou on vend quelque marchandise, ou où on se pourmeine, -_ambulacrum_’ (Kilian, 1599, s.v. Pandt). Cp. Du. _pandt_, ‘a -Covert-walking place, or a gallerie where things are sould’ (Hexham). - -=pax,= a tablet bearing a representation of a sacred object, kissed by -the celebrating priest at mass, and passed round to be kissed by others. -Hen. V, iii. 6. 42. Eccles. L. _pax_, ‘instrumentum quod inter Missarum -solemnia populo osculandum praebetur’ (Ducange); also called -_osculatorium_, see Dict. Ch. Antiq. (s.v. Kiss, 903). - -=payne mayne,= white bread of the finest quality; ‘Payne mayne, _payn de -bouche_’, Palsgrave. ME. _payndemayn_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1915); -_payman_, ‘placencia’ (Voc. 788. 32). Anglo-F. _pain demeine_, Med. L. -_panis dominicus_, lord’s bread, bread eaten by the master of the house; -cp. L. _vinum dominicum_, Petronius, Sat. § 30. See =demain.= - -=payre,= to impair, make worse, spoil. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 26; -§ 97. 3. See =appair.= - -=paytrelle,= ‘poitrel’, breastplate for a horse. Morte Arthur, leaf 119, -back, 2; bk. vii, c. 17. Anglo-F. _peitral_ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. -Poitrel). - -=peace,= to keep silence; ‘Peace, foolish woman. _Duchess._ I will not -peace’, Richard II, v. 2. 80; ‘He peaste and couched while that we -passed by’, Sackville, Mirror Mag., Induction, lxxii. - -=peak,= to make a mean figure, to play a contemptible part. Hamlet, ii. -2. 594; _peaking_, sneaking, mean-spirited, Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71. - -=peak,= to droop, to be sickly, Macbeth, i. 3. 23; Tusser, Husbandry, § -67. 27. The word ‘peaking’ is used in the sense of sickly, wasted away, -in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Peak, vb.^{2} 1 -(2)). See =pick.= - -=peak-goose,= a dolt, a simpleton. Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 54); -Prophetess, iv. 3 (1 Guard); spelt _pea-goose_, Beaumont and Fl., Little -French Lawyer, ii. 3 (Dinant); Cotgrave (s.v. Benet); Chapman, Mons. -d’Olive, iii. 1 (Rhoderique). - -=peakish,= remote, solitary; ‘Did house him in a peakish grange Within a -forest great’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, ch. 42, st. 2; ‘Snow on -Peakish Hull’ (hill), Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4 (Ballad of Dowsabel, -st. 5); ‘A pelting grange that peakishly did stand’, Golding, tr. of -Ovid, Met. vi. 521 (L. _obscura_). See NED., where ‘Peakish’ is shown to -refer (probably) to the ‘Peak’ in Derbyshire. - -=pearl,= a disease of the eye. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza). -In Scottish use (EDD.). ME. _perle_ of þe eye, ‘glaucoma’ (Prompt.). - -=pease, pese,= a pea. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 69; ‘A pese above a -perle’, Surrey, The Lover excuseth himself, in Tottel’s Misc., p. 25; -‘Not worth two peason’, Surrey, Frailty of Beauty, id., p. 10; _Peason_, -peas, Tusser, Husbandry, § 53, st. 9. ME. _pese_, ‘pisa’ (Prompt.); OE. -_pisa_, _piosa_, a pea (Sweet). - -=pease, peaze,= to pacify, satisfy, ‘appease’. Ferrex and Porrex, iii. 1 -(Gorboduc); iv. 1 (Videna); Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 147. ME. -_pese_, to appease (Chaucer, C. T. H. 98; so Lansdowne MS.; Ellesmere, -_apese_). OF. _apaisier_ (Didot). - -=peat,= used as a term of endearment to a girl, with various shades of -meaning; ‘A pretty peat’, Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 78; ‘Lettice and Parnell -prety lovely peates’, Drayton, Man in Moon, ix; used as a term of -obloquy, ‘Proud peat’, Fletcher, Wife for Month, i. 1 (Sorano); -Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2. See Nares. In prov. use in Scotland -for a girl, gen. as a term of obloquy, ‘a proud peat’, see EDD. (s.v. -Peat, sb.^{2}). - -=peaze;= see =peise.= - -=peccadillo,= a collar. _Wooden peccadillo_, wooden collar (i.e. the -pillory); Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 1454. See =pickadil.= - -=peck,= meat (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘Bene pecke, -good meate’, Harman, Caveat, p. 86; ‘Let’s cly off our peck’, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). - -=peculiar,= private, belonging to one person only; ‘The single and -peculiar life’, Hamlet, iii. 3. 11. - -=ped,= a wicker pannier; ‘Dorsers are Peds or Panniers’, Fuller, -Worthies, Dorset, 1; Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. In common prov. use in -E. Anglia and E. Midlands, also in Somerset and Devon (EDD.). ME. -_pedde_, ‘idem quod _paner_’ (Prompt.). See =pad= (3). - -=pedee;= see =peedee.= - -=pedescript,= that which is written by the foot (not the hand); said -humorously by one who had been kicked; with _pede-_ substituted for -_manu-_. Shirley, Honoria, iv. 1 (Dash). - -=pedlar’s French,= unintelligible jargon. Middleton, Family of Love, v. -3 (Club). - -=pee,= a coat of coarse cloth; also, of velvet; ‘A velvet pee’, -Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Du. _pije_, ‘a pie-gowne, or a -rough-gowne, as souldiers and sea-men weare’ (Hexham); whence -_pea-jacket_. - -=peeble,= pebble; ‘The chaste stream, that ’mong loose peebles fell’, -Cowley, Davideis, i. 677 (NED.); _peeble-stone_, Golding, Metam. i. 575. -The usual Scottish pronunc. (EDD.). - -=peedee,= a foot-boy, serving-lad, drudge. Lady Alimony, ii. 1 (1 Boy); -_pedee_, J. Jones, tr. of Ovid’s Ibis, 160, note (NED.); Phillips, -Dict., 1706. - -=peek, peke,= to peep. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 667; ‘I peke or prie’, -Palsgrave. In common prov. use (EDD.). - -=peel-crow;= see =pilcrow.= - -=peeled,= bald, shorn, with tonsured head. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 30. - -=peep,= an eye or spot on a die. Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. -Dyce, v. 581. Also, a pip on a card; Herrick, Oberon’s Palace, l. 49; -‘_Pinta_, among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens). ‘Peep’ is the -usual word for ‘pip’ of a card, die, or domino in NE. Derbyshire and S. -Yorkshire (H. Bradley). Cp. ‘peep’ in prov. use in the sense of a single -blossom of flowers growing in a cluster, see EDD. (s.v. Pip, sb.^{2} 1). -See =pip.= - -=peepin, pepin,= a pippin. Dekker, O. Fortunatus, v. 2. See Dict. (s.v. -Pippin). - -=peevish,= self-willed, obstinate. Two Gent. iii. 1. 68; Merry Wives, i. -4. 14; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iii. 3 (Harpax); ‘_Pertinax hominum -genus_, a peevish generation of men’, Burton, Anat. Mel., Pt. iii, § 4. -Hence _peevishness_, obstinacy, ‘An inbred peevishness and engraffed -pertinacity’, Holland, Livy, 1152. See Trench, Select Glossary; also -Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, Pref. to 8th ed., p. xxi. - -=pegma, pegme,= a kind of framework or stage used in theatrical displays -or pageants, sometimes bearing an inscription; also, the inscription -itself; ‘In the centre . . . of the pegme there was an aback or square, -wherein this eulogy was written’, B. Jonson, Jas. I’s Coronation -Entertainment (Wks., Routledge, p. 529, after inscription ‘_His -Vincas_’; ‘We shall heare . . . who penned the Pegmas’, Chapman, Widow’s -Tears, ii. 3 (Ianthe). L. _pegma_, Gk. πῆγμα, framework fixed together. - -=peise, paise,= weight, heaviness; ‘A stone of such a paise’, Chapman, -tr. Iliad, xii. 167; _peaze_, a heavy blow, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 20; -to weigh, ‘To weigh and peise the mountains’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 28 -(NED.); to estimate the weight of a thing, Dekker, Old Fortunatus, ii. 1 -(Soldan); to poise, ‘The workeman . . . Did peise his bodie on his -wings’, Golding, tr. Metam. viii. 188; ‘Ne was it (the island) paysd -Amid the ocean waves’, Spenser, F. Q., ii. 10. 5; to weigh down, Richard -III, v. 3. 100; Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Maria); to put a -weight upon, so as to retard, ‘’Tis to peize the time’, Merch. Ven. iii. -2. 22. ME. _peisen_, to weigh: ‘I wolde that my synnes . . . weren -peisid, in a balaunce’ (Wyclif, Job vi. 2); Anglo-F. _peise_, pres. s. -of _peser_; to weigh, to ponder, think (Ch. Rol. 1279); L. _pensare_, to -weigh, ponder. - -=pelamis,= a young tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. -_pelamys_; Gk. πηλαμύς. - -=peld,= ‘peeled’, stripped; ‘Of all thing bare and _peld_’, Phaer, -Aeneid i, 599 (L. _egenos_). See =peeled.= - -=pelican,= a retort with a fine end, like a bird’s beak. B. Jonson, -Alchem. ii. 1 (Face); iii. 2 (Subtle); iv. 3 (Face). - -=pelowre,= a plunderer, Morte Arthur, leaf 245, back, 31; bk. x, c. 48. -ME. _pelowre_, thiefe, ‘appellator’ (Prompt. EETS. 331). - -=pelt,= a light shield. Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 5 (Belinus). L. -_pelta_, Gk. πέλτη, a leathern shield. - -=pelt,= to strike a bargain; ‘I found the people nothing prest [not at -all ready] to _pelt_’, Mirror for Mag., Severus, st. 16. Perhaps the -same word as _pelt_, to strike. See NED. - -=pelting,= petty, trashy, contemptible. Richard III, ii. 1. 60; Meas. -for M. ii. 2. 112; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 2. 328. - -=peltish,= irritable, ill-tempered; ‘Peltish wasps’, Herrick, Oberon’s -Palace, 17. Cp. ‘pelt’, in prov. use for a fit of ill-temper, see EDD. -(s.v. Pelt, sb.^{5} 8). - -=penner,= a pen-case, case for holding pens. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. -139. A Scottish word for a tin cylinder used for holding pens, pencils, -&c. (EDD.). ME. _pennere_, ‘calamarium’ (Prompt.). - -=penny-father,= a miser, skinflint. Two Angry Women, ii. 1 (Philip); -‘Nigeshe penny fathers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 102). Hence the -surname Pennyfather; see Bardsley’s English Surnames, 482. - -=pensel,= a pennon, little banner. Morte Arthur, leaf 244, back, 12; bk. -x, c. 43; ‘Pensell, a lytell baner, _banerolle_’, Palsgrave. Anglo-F. -_pencel_ (Didot); OF. _penoncel_ (La Curne). Med. L. _penuncellus_ -(Ducange). - -=pentagoron,= a pentagram, a mysterious cabalistic figure supposed to -have great magical power. Rowley, Birth of Merlin, v. 1. 49; -_pentageron_, Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2. 222. Properly _pentagonon_. Gk. -πεντάγωνος, pentagonal, having five angles. - -†=pentweezle,= a term of abuse. Massinger, The Old Law, iii. 2. -(Lysander). - -=pepper:= phr. _to take pepper in the nose_, to take offence, to be -vexed. Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 3. 10; Lyly, Euphues, -pp. 118, 375. See Nares. - -†=peppernel,= a bump or swelling. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. -Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife). Not found elsewhere. - -=percase,= perchance. Bacon, Colours of Good and Evil, § 3. See Nares. - -=perceiverance,= mental perception. Middleton, The Widow, iii. 2 -(Violetta). See Nares. - -=perche,= to pierce. Ascham, Toxophilus, 137, 138. In prov. use in the -north, esp. in Yorks., also in Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. Pearch). ME. -_perchyn_, ‘perforare’ (Prompt. EETS. 44, see note, no. 208); _perche_, -‘to Thirle’ (Cath. Angl.). Norm. F. _percher_, ‘percer’ (Moisy). - -=perchmentier,= a maker or seller of parchment. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, -1095. - -=perdie,= a form of oath = By God!; used often merely as an -asseveration. Hen. V, ii. 1. 52; Hamlet, iii. 2. 305; King Lear, ii. 4. -86; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 22. ME. _pardee_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 563, -3084). OF. _pardee_ (F. _par Dieu_) Norm. F. _Dé_ = _Dieu_ (Moisy). - -=perditly,= desperately. Heywood, Dialogue 3 (Mary); vol. vi, p. 118. -Cp. L. _perdite amare_, to love desperately. - -=perdu, perdue,= a soldier sent on a forlorn hope; one who is in a -perilous position or in desperate case. King Lear, iv. 7. 35; Beaumont -and Fl., Mad Lover, i. 1 (Cleanthe); Little French Lawyer, ii. 3. 3; -Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 1 (Lysander). F. _perdu_, lost. - -=peregall,= fully equal. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 8; Skelton, Speke -Parrot, 430; _no peregal_, without an equal; Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, -iii. 2 (Catzo). See =paregal.= - -=perge,= go on, proceed. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, ii -(Ilford); L. L. L. iv. 2. 54. L. _perge_, imper. - -=pergit,= a pargetting; ‘Painting’s pergit’, the plastering (of a -woman’s face) with paint, Drayton, Pastorals, iv. 78. See =parget.= - -=periapt,= an amulet. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 2. F. ‘_periapte_, a medicine -hanged about any part of the body’ (Cotgr.). Gk. περίαπτον, a thing -fastened round one, an amulet (Plato). - -=periment,= a ‘pediment’ (NED.). A workman’s term. L. _operimentum_, a -covering (Vulgate, Ezek. xxviii. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Pediment). - -=perish,= to destroy. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 100; Bacon, Essay 27, § 5. Cp. -the Yorks. use: ‘If thou goes out to-night it will perish thee’ (EDD.), -and the Irish, ‘Ah, shut that door; there’s a breeze in throught it that -would perish the Danes’, Joyce, 168. - -=perk,= saucy, pert, brisk, smart. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8. In gen. -prov. use in the North and in the Midlands (EDD.). As vb., _to perk it_, -to thrust oneself forward, to behave presumptuously; ‘Miriam began to -perk it before Moses’, Bunyan, Case Consc. Resolved (ed. 1861, ii. 673); -_to be perked up_, to be made smart, Hen. VIII, ii. 3. 21; _to perk up_, -to stick up, ‘(Hattes) pearking up’, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. -Furnivall, 50). - -=perpetuana,= a very durable woollen stuff, sometimes called -_everlasting_. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Marston, -What you Will, ii. 1. 8. From L, _perpetuus_, perpetual. - -=perron, peron,= a large block of stone, used as a platform, or a -funeral monument, or other purpose. Morte Arthur, leaf 207, back, 28; -bk. x, c. 2. F. ‘_Perron_, an open lodge, passage, or walk of stone -raised; some quantity of staires, directly before the foredoore of a -great house; also, a square base of stone or metal, some five or six -foot high, whereon in old time Knights errant placed some discourse, -challenge, or proofe of an adventure,’ Cotgrave. Anglo-F. _perrun_, a -block of stone (Ch. Rol. 12). - -=perry;= see =pirrie.= - -=persant,= piercing. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 20. F. _perçant_, pres. pt. -of _percer_, to pierce. - -=perséver,= to persevere, continue in. Hamlet, i. 2. 92; King Lear, iii. -5. 23. - -=perspective,= an optical instrument for looking through or viewing -objects with; a telescope; ‘The heavens . . . whereof perspectives begin -to tell tales’, Sir T. Browne, Hydriotaphia; ‘Whose eyes shall easily -. . . behold without a perspective the extreamest distances’, id., Rel. -Med., Pt. 1, § 49; Webster, Duchess Malfi, iv. 2 (1 Madman); id. -(Bosola), near end; a microscope, ‘A tiny mite which we can scarcely see -Without a perspective’, Oldham, 8th Sat. of Boileau, 7 (ed. Bell, p. -203); a picture contrived to produce a fantastic effect; e.g. appearing -confused or distorted except from one particular point of view, or -presenting different aspects from different points. Rich. II, ii. 2. 18. - -=perspicil,= a telescope, optic glass. B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 -(P. jun.); New Inn, ii. 2 (Frank); Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, -v. 2. 2. See Nares. L. (16th cent.) _perspicilia_, spectacles (Ducange). - -=perstand,= to understand. Gascoigne, Works, i. 78; Peele, Sir Clyomon, -ed. Dyce, p. 492, col. 1, p. 499. A blend of two words—_per_ceive and -under_stand_. - -=perstringe,= to censure. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, end of ii. 1 (Damplay). -L. _perstringere_. - -=persue,= the trail of blood left by a wounded animal, the ‘parsee’. -Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 28. Cp. ‘Now he has drawn _pursuit_ [old ed. -_pursue_, i.e. the trail] on me, He hunts me like the devil’; Fletcher, -Bonduca, v. 2 (Petillius). See =parsee.= - -†=persway,= to assuage, alleviate. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Overdo). Not found elsewhere. - -=pert,= lively, brisk, sprightly; in good spirits; ‘Trip the pert -Fairies’, Milton, Comus, 118; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 13. In gen. prov. -use in England, see EDD. (s.v. Pert, also Peart). - -=pert,= open, easily perceived. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 162. Short -for _apert_, open. F. _apert_; L. _apertus_. - -=peruse,= to inspect, examine. Com. Errors, i. 2. 15; Hen. VIII, ii. 3. -75; peruse over, to read over, King John, v. 2. 5. - -=pester’d, pestred,= crowded together; ‘Pestred in gallies’, Gosson, -School of Abuse, p. 32 (end); ‘Confin’d and pester’d in this pinfold -here’, Milton, Comus, 7; North’s Plutarch (in Shak. Plutarch, ed. Skeat, -175). For _impestered_; ‘_Empestré_, impestered, intricated, intangled, -incumbered’, Cotgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Pester). - -=pesterous,= cumbersome, troublesome. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. -196). - -=pestle,= the leg and leg-bone of an animal, most freq. a pig in the -phr. _a pestle of pork_; ‘Pestelles of porke’, Boke of Kervynge -(Furnivall, 164). In prov. use in many parts of England (EDD.). _The -pestle of a lark_, used _fig._ for a trifle, something very small, Hall, -Satires, iv. 4. 29; ‘Rutlandshire is but the Pestel of a Lark’, Fuller, -Worthies, Rutland, ii. 346. _A pestle of a portigue_, used jocosely in -speaking of a gold coin (a _portigue_), as eatable meat, to starving -sailors, Fletcher, Sea Voyage, i. 3 (Tibalt). - -=petar,= a petard, bomb, a case filled with explosive materials. Hamlet, -iii. 4. 207; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Gunner); -_petarre_, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.). - -=peterman,= a fisherman. Eastward Ho, ii. 1 (_or_ 3) (Quicksilver). In -reference to _St. Peter_. - -=Peter-see-me,= a kind of Spanish wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iii. 1 -(near end); Brathwait, Law of Drinking, 80; Philecothonista (1635), 48 -(Nares). Sometimes only _Peeter_, Beaumont and Fl., Chances, v. 3 -(Song). _Pedro Ximenes_ was the name of a celebrated Spanish grape, so -called after its introducer, see NED. Cp. the spelling _Peter-sameene_ -in Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (1st Vintner). - -=pettegrye,= ‘pedigree’. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 386. See Dict. - -=petternel,= a ‘petronel’, horse-pistol. Return from Parnassus, i. 2 -(Judicio). Hence, _petronellier_, a soldier armed with a petrenel; -Gascoigne, Weeds, ed. Hazlitt, i. 408. See Dict. (s.v. Petronel). - -=petun,= tobacco. Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares). F. _petun_, a native -South American name of tobacco (a Guarani word); see NED.; ‘_Petum -femelle_, English Tobacco; _Petum masle_, French Tobacco’ (Cotgr.). See -Stanford. - -=pewl,= to cry as a babe; ‘Here pewled the babes’, Sackville, Induction, -st. 74. See Dict. (s.v. Pule). - -=pex,= for _pax_. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. 31, st 16. See -=pax.= - -=pheare,= a common spelling of =fere,= q.v. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. -122; _pheer_, Marmion, The Antiquary, i. 1 (Gasparo). - -=pheeze;= see =feeze.= - -=phenicopter,= a flamingo. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Sensuality). Gk. -φοινικ- (from φοῖνιξ), crimson, and πτερόν, feather. Spelt -_phœnicopterus_, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 12 (near the -end). - -=philander,= a lover, one given to making love to a lady, a male flirt. -Congreve, Way of the World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Tatler, no. 13, § 1. -This word for a lover became fashionable through the popularity of a -Ballad of 1682 about ‘the Fair Phillis’ and her ‘Philander’; see NED. -The Greek word ‘Philander’ was misunderstood as meaning a loving man, -but φίλανδρος was used originally of a woman, one loving her husband. - -=Philip,= a familiar name for a sparrow. King John, i. 231; Middleton, -The Widow, iii. 2 (Violetta). See Nares. Still in use in Cheshire and -Northants (EDD.). See =Phip.= - -=Philip and Cheiny,= an expression for two or more men of the common -people taken at random; Udall, Erasmus, Apoph., Pompey, 1. Also, -_Philip, Hob and Cheanie_, Tusser, Husbandry, 8. Also, name for a kind -of worsted or woollen stuff of common quality; ‘Thirteene pound . . . -T’will put a Lady scarce in Philip and Cheyney’, Fletcher, Wit at -several Weapons, ii. 1 (Lady Ruinous). See NED. (s.v. Philip, 4) and -Davies, Eng. Glossary. - -=philomath,= a lover of learning, esp. a mathematician. Congreve, Love -for Love, ii. 1 (Sir Sampson). Gk. φιλομαθής. - -=Phip,= a familiar name for a sparrow, a contraction for =Philip=, q.v.; -Sir Philip Sidney, Astrophel, Sonnet 83; Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 -(Song). - -=Phitonesse,= the witch of Endor; ‘Heavenly breath, of Phitonessa’s -power, That raised the dead corpse of her friend to life’, Middleton, -Family of Love, iii. 7. 5; ‘I call In the name of Kyng Saul . . . He bad -the Phitonesse To wytchcraft her to dresse’, Skelton, Phylyp Sparowe, -1359. ME. _Phitonesse_, the witch of Endor (Gower, C. A. iv. 1937); -_Phitones_, Barbour’s Bruce, iv. 753 (see Notes, p. 563); _phitonesses_, -witches (Chaucer, Hous F. iii. 1261). Med. L. _phitonissa_ for -_pythonissa_, a woman inspired by Python (Ducange). Cp. Vulgate, in the -story of the witch of Endor, 1 Sam. xxviii. 7 (‘mulierem habentem -pythonem’). Gk. πνεῦμα πύθωνα, a spirit of Python, Acts xvi. 16. See -note, no. 729 in Prompt. EETS., p. 600, and =fitten.= - -=phonascus,= a singing-master; ‘Why have you not, like Nero, a -_phonascus_?’, Lee, Theodosius, iv. 2 (Marcian). Misprinted _phenascus_ -in The Modern British Drama, i. 329. L. _phonascus_ (Suetonius); Gk. -φωνασκός, one who exercises the voice; from φωνή, voice. - -=phrenitis,= a kind of frenzy or madness. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. -3 (Corax). Gk. φρενῖτις, delirium. - -=phrontisterion,= a place for thinking or studying, an academy or -college. Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 3. 10; _phrontisterium_; Randolph, Muses’ -Looking-glass, iii. 1 (Banausus). Gk. φροντιστήριον, a place for -meditation, a thinking-shop (Aristophanes). - -=physnomy, fisnomy,= face, ‘physiognomy’. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3 -(Hazard); _fisnomy_, All’s Well, iv. 5. 42. - -=picardil;= see =pickadil.= - -=picaro,= a rogue, knave. Shirley, The Brothers, v. 3 (Pedro); Pickaro, -Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. _picaro_, ‘a rogue, a -scoundrel, a base fellow’ (Stevens). - -=picaroon, pickaroon,= a rogue. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii (Manly); -‘Are you there indeed, my little Picaroon?’, Otway, Atheist, ii. 1; a -pirate, ‘A French Piccaroune’, Capt. Smith, Virginia, v. 184 (NED.); a -small pirate ship, Farquhar, Recruiting Officer, v. 5 (Brazen). - -=pick,= to waste away, to droop. Middleton, Chaste Maid, i. 1. In prov. -use in Lincoln, S. Midlands, and south-west counties, see EDD. (s.v. -Peak, vb.^{2}). See =peak= (2). - -=pick,= to throw, Coriolanus, i. 1. 204; ‘I pycke with an arrow, _Je -darde_’, Palsgrave. - -=pick:= in phr. _to pick mood_, to pick a quarrel; ‘Whoso therat pyketh -mood’, Skelton, Against the Scottes, Epilogue, 21. - -=pick:= _picked_, refined, exquisite, fastidious, King John, i. 1. 193; -_picking_, dainty, fastidious, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 198. - -=pick,= the spike in the middle of a buckler, Porter, Two Angry Women, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 318. Also, a toothpick, Fletcher, Mons. -Thomas, i. 2 (Sebastian). - -=pickadil, pickadel,= the expansive collar fashionable in the early part -of the 17th cent. Blount, Glossogr., 1656; Beaumont and Fl., Pilgrim, -ii. 2 (1 Outlaw). Spelt _picardill_, B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 -(Pug); Underwood (NED.). See =peccadillo.= - -=pickaroon;= see =picaroon.= - -=picke-devant, pickadevant,= a short beard trimmed to a point. Heywood, -The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70. Also, a man with a picke-devant, -Heywood, Challenge, v. 1; vol. v, p. 68. F. _pique-devant_, an -expression only found in English. See Nares (s.v. Pike-devant). - -=pickeer,= to pillage, plunder; to practise piracy, Fuller, Worthies, -Hants (1662, ii. 10); to skirmish, reconnoitre, spelt _pickear_, -Lovelace, Lucasta (Poems, 1864, ii. 203); to wrangle, spelt _pickere_, -Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 448. See NED. - -=pickle,= to deal with in a minute way, lit. to pick in a small way. -Ascham, Scholemaster (Arber, 158). Hence _pickling_, trifling, paltry, -Gascoigne, Supposes, i. 2 (Pasiphilo). [R. L. Stevenson uses the word -‘to _pickle_’ in the sense of ‘to trifle’; see Letters (Sept. 6, 1888).] - -=pick-packe,= pick-a-back; ‘He gets him up on pick-packe’, B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, ii. 6 (Stage-direction); Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (260); -scene 2. 89 (W.); p. 156, col. 1 (D.). ‘Pick-pack’ (or ‘a pick-pack’) is -still in use in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Pick-a-back). The German word for -‘pick-pack’ is _Huckepack_. For numerous forms of this word see NED. - -=pickthank,= a flatterer, a mischief-maker. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 25; -Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Evadne); _pickthank tales_, -tales told to curry favour, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (Lacy). In -prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). - -=pick-tooth,= a toothpick. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 1 -(Fallace). In use in Glouc. (EDD.). - -=piddle,= to work or act in a trifling, paltry way. Ascham, Toxoph. (ed. -Arber, 117); Fletcher, Wit without M. i. 2; to trifle or toy with one’s -food, J. Dyke, Sel. Serm. (1640, p. 292); Pope, Horace’s Satires, ii. 2. -137. In common use in this sense in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Piddle, vb.^{1} 1). - -=pie, pye,= a magpie. 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 48. In common prov. use (EDD.). - -=piece,= a piece of money of the value of 22 shillings. Pepys, Diary, -March 14, 1660 (N. S.). _A piece of eight_, the Spanish dollar of the -value of 8 reals, or about 4_s._ 6_d._, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. ii. -1. 6 (see Wheatley’s note); Alchemist, ii. 3 (Face). - -=piece,= a painting, a picture, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 4); Pepys, -Diary, Feb. 27, 1663 (N. S.). - -=pied,= variegated, parti-coloured. Spelt _pyed_, B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. i. 5 (Matthew); spelt _pide_, Milton, L’Allegro, 75 (ed. 1632). - -=pieton,= a foot-soldier; hence, a pawn at chess; ‘_Pietons_, or -fotemen’, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 87, back, 6; ‘They [the pawns] be -all named _pietons_’, id., Game of Chesse, bk. iii, c. 1 (beginning). F. -‘_pieton_, a footman, also, a Pawn at Chess’ (Cotgr.). - -=pig,= sixpence (Cant); ‘Fill till’t be sixpence, And there’s my pig’, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (1 Boor). - -=pigeaneau,= a dupe, a gull. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, iv. 1 -(Marquis). F. _pigeonneau_, a young pigeon, a dupe; dimin. of _pigeon_. - -=pigeon-holes,= the name of a game; the same as =troll-my-dames,= q. v.; -‘Dice, cards, pigeon-holes’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Old -Foster); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 101; ii. 1. 3; in Hazlitt, xii. 120. - -=pigeon-livered,= applied to one incapable of anger; ‘I am -pigeon-livered and lack gall’, Hamlet, ii. 2. 605. A pigeon was supposed -to have no gall, and so to lack capacity for anger or resentment. ‘Sure -he’s a pigeon, for he has no gall’, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 5 -(Castruchio). - -=pight,= _pt. t._ pitched; ‘Under Pomfret his proud Tents he pight’, -Drayton, Agincourt, 97; _ypight_, pp., ‘Underneath a craggy cliff -ypight’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33; _pight_, Tr. and Cr. v. 10. 24. ME. -_pighte_, pt. t. of _picchen_; _y_)_pight_, pp., see Dict. M. and S. -(s.v. Picchen). - -=pigsnye,= a darling, a pet, commonly used as an endearing form of -address to a girl. Dryden, Tempest, iv. 3; Farquhar, Love and Bottle, i. -1. Spelt _pigges-nye_, Lyly, Euphues, 114. In Butler, Hud. (ii. 1. 560), -_Pigsneye_ occurs in the sense of a ‘dear little eye’. - -=pike:= in phr. _sold at a pike_, Kyd, Cornelia, v. 444 (not far from -end). Here Kyd translates from F. _vendre sous une pique_, which refers -to the L. phrase _venalis sub hasta_, ‘that can be sold by auction’. It -looks as if Kyd did not understand the allusion. - -=pike:= in phr. _on the pike_, ‘a-peak’; used of an anchor, when the -cable has been hove in so as to bring the ship just over it. Greene, -Looking Glasse, iii. 1. F. _à pic_, ‘perpendiculairement’ (Dict. de -l’Acad., 1762). - -=pilch,= to pilfer, to filch. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 39; ‘Pilche, -miche, _suffurari_’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. -(EDD.). - -=pilcher,= a term of abuse, prob. meaning one who ‘pilches’; it is -sometimes punningly connected with the word _pilchard_ (see below). B. -Jonson, Poetaster, iii. 4; Fletcher, Wit without Money, iii. 4. - -=pilcher,= a pilchard. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 4. 1; -Beggar’s Bush, iv. 1 (Clause). - -=pilcher,= a scabbard. Romeo, iii. 1. 84. Not found elsewhere. - -=pilcrow,= a name for the paragraph-mark, printed as ¶. Tusser, -Husbandry, p. 2; spelt _peel-crow_, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 1 -(Lapet); ‘Pilcrow, paragraphus’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; ‘_Paragraphe_, -Pillcrow’, Cotgrave. Cp. ME. _pylcraft_ in a boke, ‘Asteriscus, -Paragraphus’ (Prompt.); _pargrafte_, paragraphus (Ortus Voc.). See Notes -on Eng. Etym., s.v. - -=pile,= the metal head of an arrow. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 337; head of a -dart, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 139; a Roman javelin, Dryden, Hind and -Panther, bk. ii, 161. L. _pilum_, the heavy javelin of the Roman -foot-soldier. - -=pile,= a small castle; ‘A little pretie pile or castle’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; ‘Certayne pylys and other strengthis’, Fabyan, -Chron., Pt. VII, fol. cxxxvii; repr. (1811), p. 512, l. 16. ME. _pile_, -a stronghold (P. Plowman, C. xxii. 366). See NED. (s.v. Pile, sb.^{2}). - -=pill,= to plunder, spoil, to commit depredation. Richard II, ii. 1. -246; Richard III, i. 3. 159; _to pill and poll_, Mirror for Mag. 467 -(Nares). - - =pilling,= plunder, spoliation. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 445. - _Pilling and polling_, J. Harrington, Prerog. Pop. Govt., ii. 2 - (ed. 1700, p. 332). See =poll.= - -=pill,= to strip. Merch. Ven. i. 3. 85; Lucrece, 1167. In common prov. -use in the sense of peeling, stripping off the outer skin, the rind or -bark, see EDD. (s.v. Pill, vb.^{1} 1). - -=pillowbeer,= a pillow-case. Locrine, iv. 4. 6; Middleton, Women beware -Women, iv. 2 (Sordido). ME. _pilwe-beer_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 694); -_bere_, a pillow-case (Boke Duchesse, 254). - -=pimp-whiskin,= a pimp. Ford, Fancies Chaste and Noble, i. 2 (Spadone). -See =whiskin.= - -=pin,= a small knot in wood. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 121. - -=pin,= a peg fixed in the very centre of a target. Hence, _to cleave the -pin_, to hit and split this peg, to make the best possible hit. L. L. L. -iv. 1. 138; Romeo, ii. 4. 15. - -=pinax,= a tablet, picture. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 32. Gk. -πίναξ, board. - -=pin-bouk,= some kind of bucket for liquids. Drayton, Moses, bk. iii, -165. OE. _būc_, pail. See Dict. (s.v. Bucket). - -=pindy-pandy,= a formula used as equivalent to _handy-dandy_, in the -game of choosing which hand a thing is hidden in. Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, iv. 5 (Firk). - -=piner, pyner,= a pioneer; ‘My piners eke were prest with showle and -spade’, Mirror for Mag., Aurel. Anton. Caracalla, st. 40; ‘He pyners set -to trenche’, id., Burdet, st. 70. See Dict. (s.v. Pioneer). See =pion.= - -=ping,= to urge, push. Mirror for Mag., Fulgentius, st. 9. Still in use -in the west country, see EDD. (s.v. Ping, vb.^{2} 1). OE. _pyngan_, to -prick, L. _pungere_. - -=pingle,= to work in an ineffectual way, to trifle, to ‘piddle’. Women’s -Rights, 152 (NED). Hence, _pingler_, a trifler, Two Angry Women, ii. 2 -(Coomes); Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 109). ‘Pingle’ is in prov. use in -this sense in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Pingle, -vb.^{1} 2). Cp. Swed. dial. _pyngla_, to be busy about small matters -(Rietz). - -=pinion,= the name of an obsolete game at cards. Interlude of Youth, -(ed. 1849, p. 38). See NED. - -=pink,= to stab with any pointed weapon. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. -iv. 2; a stab with a rapier or dagger, Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1 -(Fulgoso). Low G. _pinken_, to strike (Schambach). - -=pink,= a sailing vessel. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 6. 17. See Nares -and NED. Du. _pinck_, ‘a pinke or a fishers boate; a sounding barke’ -(Hexham). - -=pink,= to contract, make small (the eyes). Heywood, Spider and Fly -(Nares); contracted small (said of the eyes), ‘Plumpie Bacchus with -pinke eyne’, Ant. and Cl. ii. 7. 121. Du. _pincken_, to shut the eyes -(Hexham). - - =pinkany,= a small, narrow, blinking eye; a tiny or dear little - eye; ‘Those Pinkanies of thine’, Field, Woman a Weathercock, iv. - 2 (Wagtail). Applied to a girl, usually as a term of endearment, - Porter, Angry Women, iii. 2 (Philip). - - =pink-eyed,= having small, narrow, or half-closed eyes; ‘Maids - . . . that were pinke-eied and had verie small eies they termed - _Ocellæ_’, Holland, Pliny, xi. 335; spelt _pinky-eyed_, Kyd, - Soliman, v. 3. 7 (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, v. 359). A Lanc. word, see - EDD. (s.v. Pink, adj.^{1} 4). - -=pinnace,= a go-between, in love affairs. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 -(Overdo). A _fig._ sense of ‘pinnace’, a small attendant vessel. - -=pinner,= a ‘pinder’, one who impounds stray cattle. Greene, -George-a-Greene, i (Bettris, 1. 236); ed. Dyce, p. 256, col. 1. ‘Pinder’ -(or ‘pinner’) is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Pind, vb. 1 (1)). ME. _pyndare_ of beestys, ‘inclusor’ (Prompt. -EETS. 336, see note, no. 1638). See Dict. (s.v. Pinder). - -=pinson,= a thin-soled shoe of some kind, Withal (ed. 1608, p. 211); -‘Pynson, sho, _caffignon_’, Palsgrave. ME. _pynson_, sok (Prompt. EETS., -see note, no. 1642). - -=pintas, las,= the Spanish name for the card-game called basset; ‘_A las -Pintas_, (playing) at basset’, Adventures of Five Hours, iv. 1 (Diego); -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 265. Span. _pintas_, basset; pl. of _pinta_, -‘among Gamesters a peep in a card’ (Stevens). - -=pion,= to dig, trench, excavate. Hence _pyonings_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. -10. 63. _Pioned_, trenched, Tempest, iv. 1. 64. OF. _pioner_, to dig -(Godefroy). See =piner.= - -=pip,= a spot on a card; hence, a unit; ‘Thirty-two years old, which is -a pip out’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Bellapert). The allusion is -to a game called _One-and-thirty_, which differs from 32 by 1. So also -in Shirley, Love’s Cruelty, i. 2 (Hippolito). See =peep.= - -=pipple,= to blow with a gentle sound (of the wind). Skelton, A -Replycacion, ed. Dyce, i. 207; id., Garl. of Laurell, 676. Hence -‘pippler’, a name for the aspen in Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Pipple). - -=pique,= a depraved or diseased appetite. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 809. L. -_pica_, a depraved appetite; a F. form (not found). - -=pirrie, pirry,= a blast of wind, a squall. Elyot, Governour, i. 17, § -5; spelt _perry_, Look about You, sc. 29 (Richard), in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vii. 482. ME. _pyry_, a storm of wind (Prompt. EETS., see note, -no. 1643). - -=pishery-pashery,= trifling talk. Dekker, Shoem. Holiday, iii. 5 (Eyre); -finery, fallals, id., v. 4 (Eyre). - -=pist!,= hist!, an interjection, to draw attention. Middleton, No Wit -like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). - -=pistolet,= a name given to certain foreign gold coins, ranging in value -from 5_s._ 10_d._ to 6_s._ 8_d._ Proclamation, May 4, 1553 (NED.); in -later times = pistole, worth about 16_s._ 6_d._ ‘Each Pistolet exchang’d -at sixteen shillings six pence’, Heylin, Examen Hist. i. 268 (NED.); B. -Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); also called _a double pistolet_, -Fletcher, Span. Curate, i. 1 (Jamie). - -=pitch,= a vertex, head; also, a projecting part of the body, the -shoulder, the hip; ‘His manly pitch’ (used for both shoulders, -collectively), Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 1. 11. - -=pitch and pay,= to pay down money at once, pay ready money. Hen. V, ii. -3. 51; Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable; i. 2 (Blurt); Mirror for Mag., -Warwicke, st. 14; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 24. - -=plaça,= a square, parade, public walk. Shirley, The Brothers, i. 1 -(Carlos). Span. _plaça_ (_plaza_). - -=plackerd,= the forepart of a woman’s petticoat; ‘For fear of the -cut-purse, on a sudden she’ll swap thee into her plackerd’, Greene, -Friar Bacon, i. 3. See NED. (s.v. Placard). - -=placket,= an apron or petticoat: hence _transf._ the wearer of a -petticoat, a woman, Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 22; the opening or slit at the -top of a skirt or petticoat, King Lear, iii. 4. 100; a pocket in a -woman’s skirt, ‘Which instrument . . . was found in my Lady Lambert’s -placket’, Hist. Cromwell (NED.). - -=plage,= a region, country. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.); 2 -Tamb. i. 1 (Orcanes). F. _plage_, region (Cotgr.). L. _plaga_, a region. - -=plaice-mouth,= a mouth drawn on one side. Spelt _plaise-mouth_, B. -Jonson, Silent Woman, iii. 2 (Epicene). - -=plaie,= wound. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 2. F. _plaie_; L. _plaga_. - -=plain,= to complain. King Lear, iii. 1. 39; ‘_Plaindre_, to plaine,’ -Cotgrave. - -=plain,= to plane. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 322. Hence, _Plainer_, a -carpenter’s plane, id., v. 314. - -=plain-song,= a simple melody. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41; hence, ‘the -plain-song cuckoo’, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. - -=planch,= to board. _Planched_, covered with boards, Meas. for M. iv. 1. -30; _to plaunche on_, to clap on (something broad and flat), Gammer -Gurton’s Needle, i. 2. 12. F. _planche_, a plank. - -=plancher,= a wooden floor, a flooring of planks; used in pl. Arden of -Fev. i. 1. 42; also boards (of a ship); Drayton, Pol. iii. 272. F. -_plancher_, ‘a boorded floor’ (Cotgr.). - -=plange,= to lament, grieve. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, p. 25, st. 31. -L. _plangere_. - -=planipedes,= pantomimes or entertainments with dancing; ‘The common -players of interludes called _Planipedes_, played barefoote vpon the -floore’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 15; p. 49. L. _planipedes_ -(Juvenal). - -=plant,= the sole of the foot; ‘Knotty legs, and plants of clay’, B. -Jonson, Masque of Oberon, song 5. F. _plante_, the sole. L. _planta_. - -=plasma,= a form, mould, shape; ‘There is a Plasma, or deepe pit’, -Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes, in a mad speech); vol. iii, p. 424. -Gk. πλάσμα, anything formed or moulded. - -=platic,= an astrological term used of an ‘aspect’ of a planet (NED.). -B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). Spelt _platique_, Fletcher, -Bloody Brother, iv. 2. Med. L. _platicus_, late Gk. πλατυκός, -ικός, -broad, diffuse. - -=plaudite, plaudity,= shout of applause, approval; ‘Cristall -plaudities’, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, ii. 1. L. _plaudite_, applaud -ye. - -=play-pheer,= playfellow. Two Noble Kinsmen, iv. 3. 103. See =fere.= - -=pleasant,= to render pleasant; ‘Some pleasant their lives’, Manchester -Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 51); ‘This tedious mortality, pleasant it how man -can’, id., p. 62. - -=plight,= to fold, pleat, to intertwine into one combined texture. -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 7; _plighted_, folded, Milton, Comus, 301; -_pleated_, King Lear, i. 1. 283 (Quarto edd.); Greene, Description of -the Shepherd, 21 (Dyce, 304). ME. _plyte_, to fold (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -ii. 1204). Anglo-F. _plit_ (Gower) = Norm. F. _pleit_ (Burguy), whence -E. _plait_. See Dict. (s.v. Plait). - -=plompe,= a cluster, clump, mass; ‘A plompe of wood’, Morte Arthur, leaf -30, back, 19; bk. i, c. 16 (end); _plompes_, troops, bands; Gascoigne, -Fruites of Warre, st. 129. See =plump.= - -=plotform,= a scheme, design, plan, contrivance. Grim the Collier, ii. 1 -(Clinton); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 423; a level place constructed -for mounting guns, Gascoigne, Art of Venerie, Works (ed. 1870, ii. 304). -See Dict. (s.v. Plot), and Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 219. - -=plough.= The parts of a plough are enumerated in Gervase Markham’s -Complete Husbandman (1614), quoted in Notes to Fitzherbert’s Husbandry, -p. 128, where they are fully explained. I merely enumerate them here. -(1) _Plough-beam_, a large and long piece of timber, forming an arch for -the other parts; (2) _The skeath_ (_sheath_), a piece of wood 2½ feet -long, mortised into the beam; (3) _Principal hale_, the left-handle; -also called _plough-tail_ or _plough-start_; (4) _Plough-head_ or -_share-beam_, about 3 feet in length; (5) _Plough-spindles_ or -_rough-staves_, two round pieces of wood that joined the handles -together; (6) _Righthand-hale_, or _plough-stilt_, smaller and weaker -than the other; (7) _Plough-rest_, a small piece of wood, fixed to the -plough-head and righthand-hale; (8) _Shelboard_, i.e. shield-board, a -strong board on the right side of the plough; (9) _Coulter_, a long -piece of iron in the front, to cut the soil; (10) _Share_; (11) -_Plough-foot_, or _plough-shoe_, before the coulter, to regulate the -depth of the furrow. The ploughman also had with him a _plough-mall_ or -small mallet; and, originally, a _plough-staff_ or _aker-staff_, for -clearing the mould-board when required. - -=plough-staff,= an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or -clearing it of weeds. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 21. In use in Scotland -and the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Plough, II (49)). - -=Plowden.= Proverb: _The case is altered, quoth Plowden._ For various -explanations see Grose, Local Proverbs (ed. 1790), Shropshire, and Ray, -Proverbial Phrases (under A), ed. Bohn, 147. - -=ployden;= ‘A stub-bearded John-a-Stile with a ployden’s face’, Marston, -Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Crispinella). Not explained. - -=pluck:= in phr. _to pluck down a side_, in card-playing, to cause the -loss or hazard of the side or party with which a person plays. Beaumont -and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, ii. 1 (Dula). See Nares. - -=plumb,= perpendicularly; ‘Plumb down he drops’, Milton, P. L. ii. 933. -In prov. use in various parts of England, also in U.S.A., see EDD. (s.v. -Plum, adj.^{1}). F. ‘_à-plomb_, perpendicularly, downright’ (Cotgr.). -See Dict. (s.v. Plump). - -=plume,= said of a hawk, to pluck feathers from a bird; also, to pluck, -despoil. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1 (Ample); Dryden, Absalom, 920. - -=plummet,= a leaden bullet, hurled from a sling. North, tr. of Plutarch, -M. Antonius, § 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 190); a sounding-lead, used _fig._ -a criterion of truth, ‘Lay all to the Line and Plummet of the written -word’, Gilpin, Demonology, iii. 17. 140 (NED.). - -=plump,= a troop, flock; ‘A whole plump of rogues’, Beaumont and Fl., -Double Marriage, iii. 2 (Guard); ‘A plump of fowl’, Dryden, tr. of -Aeneid, xii. 374; Theodore and Honoria, 316. See Nares. See =plompe.= - -=plunge,= to overwhelm (with trouble or difficulty); ‘(He) was so -plunged and gravelled with three lines of Seneca’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Med. i. 21. - -=plunge,= a critical situation, crisis, a dilemma. Greene, Looking -Glasse, iii. 2. Phr.: _to put to a plunge_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. -1 (Sir Alexander). ‘_Il est au bout de son breviaire_, he is at a plunge -or nonplus’, Cotgrave (s.v. Breviaire). Cp. the Northants phrase, ‘I was -put to a plunge’, see EDD. (s.v. Plunge, sb.^{1}). - -=Plymouth cloak,= a cudgel or staff, carried by one who walked _in -cuerpo_, and thus facetiously assumed to take the place of a cloak; -‘Shall I walke in a Plimouth Cloake (that’s to say) like a rogue, in my -hose and doublet, and a crabtree cudgell in my hand?’, Dekker, Honest -Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo); ‘A Plymouth cloak, that is, a cane or -staff’, Ray’s Proverbs out of Fuller’s Worthies (ed. Bohn, 201); Grose, -Local Proverbs in Glossary, 1790. See Nares. - -=pocas palabras,= the Spanish for ‘few words’. Wonderfull Yeare 1603 -(ed. 1732, p. 46); _paucas pallabris_, Tam. Shrew, Induct. i. 5. Span. -_palabra_, Med. L. _parabola_, ‘verbum, sermo’ (Ducange); a parable, -similitude (Vulgate, in N. T.) See Stanford. - -=poinado,= a poniard. Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 70; Return -from Parnassus, i. 2 (Judicio); ‘_Poinard_, or _Poinado_’, Phillips, -1658. - -=poinet, poynet,= an ornament for the wrist, a wristlet or bracelet. J. -Heywood, The Four P’s, in Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 10, col. 2; Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 351 (altered to _poignet_). F. _poignet_, wrist; _poing_, -the fist. See NED. - -=point,= a tagged lace for attaching hose to the doublet, and for -fastening various parts where buttons are now used. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. -49. Very common, and the perpetual subject of jokes and quibbles; 1 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 238; Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 25. - -=point:= in phr. _point of war_, a short strain sounded as a signal by a -trumpeter. 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 52; Greene, Orl. Fur., ed. Dyce, p. 94; -Peele, Edw. I, i (Longshanks); ed. Dyce, p. 378. See NED. (s.v. Point, -sb.^{1} 9). - -=point:= in phr. _to point_ [F. _à point_], to the smallest detail, -completely; ‘Armed to point’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 16; Tempest, i. 2. -194; ‘Are ye all fit?’ 1 _Gent._ ‘To point, sir’, Fletcher, Chances, i. -4. 2. - -=point-device= (=-devyse=)=,= completely, perfectly, in every point. -Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 176; extremely precise, scrupulous to the point of -perfection, As You Like It, iii. 2. 401. ME. _poynt devys_: ‘Her nose -was wrought at poynt devys’ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1215); Anglo F. _à -point devis_, or _devis à point_, arranged to a proper point or degree. -See NED. - -=pointed,= _pp._ appointed. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 12. - -=poise,= a weight (for exercise), a dumb-bell; ‘_Poyses_ made of -leadde’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 16, § 1; _poyse_, heavy -fall; Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 54. See =peise.= - -=poisure,= poise, balance, effect. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, -i. 1 (Valentine). - -=poking-stick, poker,= a stick or iron for setting the plaits of ruffs. -Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 228; Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iii. 2. 2. -_Poker_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 (Bellafront). - -=poldavy, polldavy,= a sort of coarse canvas; ‘_Poldavy_, or buckram’, -Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 6, p. 54; Howell, Letters, vol. i, sect. 2, -let. 10 (1621). See Nares, and NED. Named from _Poldavide_, dep. -Finisterre, France; near Daoulas, whence E. _dowlas_ (Phil. Soc. Trans., -May, 1904). The name is Breton, meaning ‘David’s pool’. - -=poldron;= see =pouldron.= - -=pole-ax;= see =pollax.= - -=polehead,= a ‘poll-head’, a tadpole. Marston, What you Will, ii. 1 -(Quadratus); ‘_Cavesot_, a polehead, black vermine wherof frogs do -come’, Cotgrave. Still in common use in the North; in Banffsh. the form -is _powet_ (or _powit_); see EDD. (s.v. Powhead). ME. _polhevede_ (Gen. -and Ex., 2977). - -=polepennery,= extortion of pence; ‘To scrape for more rent is -polepennery’, Wily Beguiled, sc. ii (1st quarto, 1606). - -=politien,= a politician. Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 4, pp. -158, 159; _politians_, pl., Lyly, Sappho, i. 3. OF. _policien_, a -citizen, a politician (Godefroy). - -=poll,= to cut off the head of an animal, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. -112; to cut short the hair, Greene, Upst. Courtier, D. iij. b. (NED.); -to plunder by excessive rent-raising, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 29); _to -poll and pill_, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, 148); Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. -6. - -=pollard,= an animal without horns, either one that has lost its horns, -or one of a hornless variety, used jocosely of a man who is not a -cuckold. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See Nares. - -=pollax, pole-ax,= a battle-axe; ‘At hande strokes they use not swordes -but pollaxes’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 141); a halbert carried by the -body-guard of a king or great personage, ‘_Bec de faulcon_, a fashion of -Pollax borne by the Peeres of France, and by the French King’s -Pensioners’, Cotgrave; ‘_Mazzière_, a halberdier or poleaxe man, such as -the Queene of England’s gentlemen pencioners are’, Florio. - -=pollenger,= a pollard tree. Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 13. - -=poller,= one who exacts fees, an extortioner. Spelt _poler_, Bacon, -Essay 56, 4. - -=poll-hatchet,= a poll-axe; hence, one who wields a poll-hatchet; a term -of abuse or contempt. Spelt _powle-hatchett_, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -613; and see Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 23, l. 29. - -=polony,= a sausage made at Bologna, Italy. In Lord Cromwell, iii. 2. -131, Hodge, writing from Bologna, says that he is ‘among the Polonyan -Sasiges’. See Dict. - -=pomeroy,= a variety of apple. Spelt _pom-roy_, Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, c. 1, § 2. See NED. - -=pomewater,= a large juicy kind of apple. L. L. L. iv. 2. 4; Dekker, Old -Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow); ‘When a pome-water, bestucke with a few -rotten cloves shall be more worth than the honesty of a hypocrite’, Vox -Græculi (in Brand’s Pop. Antiq., ed. 1848, i. 17). A Hampshire word -(EDD.). - -=pommado,= an exercise of vaulting on a horse with one hand on the -pommel of the saddle. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury), -where we find ‘the whole, or half the pommado’. Marston has _pommado -reverso_, said to mean the vaulting _off_ the horse again. If so, ‘the -whole pommado’ may refer to both actions, and ‘the half pommado’ to one -of them. F. _pommade_, ‘the pommada, a trick in vaulting’ (Cotgr.). - -=pompillion,= an ointment made of the buds of the black poplar; -‘_Populeon_, Popilion or Pompillion’, Cotgrave. OF. _populeon_ -(Godefroy, Compl.). See NED. - -=pompillion,= a term applied in contempt to a man. Fletcher, Women -Pleased, iii. 4 (Bartello). Not found elsewhere. See below. - -=pompion,= a pumpkin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 41; B. Jonson, Time -Vindicated (Fame); ‘_Pompon_, a pumpion or melon’, Cotgrave. A Lanc. -word for a pumpkin, see EDD. (s.v. Pumpion). Du. _pompoen_, ‘a pompion, -pumpkin’ (Sewel). - -=pon,= a pan, hollow, basin. Drayton, Pol. xxviii. 169. The pronunc. of -‘pan’ in the north-west of England (EDD.). - -=ponder,= weight. Heywood, Silver Age, A. ii (Alcmena); vol. iii, p. -102; a heavy blow, id. (Hercules), p. 142. - -=pontifical,= bridge-making. Milton, P. L. x. 313. L. _pons_ (bridge) + -_facere_ (to make). It may be noted that L. _pontifex_ (a pontiff) has -probably nothing to do with bridge-making. See NED. - -=pooke;= see =pouke.= - -=poop-noddie, pup-noddie,= cony-catching, the art of befooling the -simpleton; ‘I saw them close together at Poop-noddie, in her closet’, -Wily Beguiled, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 242; see NED. - -=poor-john,= a coarse fish (usually hake), salted and dried. Temp. ii. -2. 28; Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 1. 15. See EDD. (s.v. -Poor). - -=pooter,= the same as =poting-stick,= q.v. Warner, Alb. England, bk. ix, -ch. 47, st. 8. - -=pope-holy,= sanctimonious, hypocritical. Foxe, Martyrs (ed. 2, 205 b, -2); _pop-holy_, Skelton, Replycacion, 247; Garland of Laurell, 612. ME. -_pope-holy_ (P. Plowman, B. xiii. 284). In Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 415, -_Pope-Holy_ is used in the sense of ‘Hypocrisy’, being the translation -of the _papelardie_ of the French original. - -=popering,= a kind of pear, brought from Poperinghe in W. Flanders. -Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 2 (Y. Chartley); _a poprin pear_, -Romeo, ii. 1. 38. - -=popler,= porridge (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); -_Poppelars_, porrage, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; _popplar of yarum_, mylke -porrage, id., p. 86; _poplars of yarrum_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 -(Song). - -=popping,= chattering; said of one whose talk is mere popping sound; -foolish; ‘A poppynge fole’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 234; ‘Pratynge -poppynge dawes’, id., Replycacion, 39. - -=popular,= populous; ‘How doth the popular City sit solitary!’, Jackson, -True Evang., T. iii. 184; ‘The most popular part of Scotland’, Kirkton, -Church History, 215 (EDD.). See NED., and Davies, Suppl. Gl. - -=porcpisce,= a ‘porpoise’. Dryden, All for Love, iv. 1 (Ventidius); -_porpice_, Drayton, Polyolb. v. 235. See Dict. - -=porpentine,= a porcupine. Hamlet, i. 5. 20; 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 363; -used by Shaks. seven times, in four of these as the sign of an inn; -Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 31). See NED. - -=porret, poret,= a young leek or onion. Tusser, Husbandry, § 39. 31; -‘_Porret_, yong lekes’, Palsgrave. F. _porrette_, ‘maiden leek, bladed -leek, unset leek’ (Cotgr.). Norm. F. _poret_, see Moisy (s.v. Porrette). - -=port,= to carry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Compass); ‘Ported -spears’, Milton, P. L. iv. 980. - -=port,= deferential attendance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 517; state, -splendid manner of living, Merch. of Ven. i. 1. 124. - -=port,= the gate of a city. Coriolanus, i. 7. 1; v. 6. 6; Great Bible of -1539, Ps. ix. 14 (Prayer-book); Beaumont and Fl., Maid in the Mill, i. -1. 2; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 1 (Sapritius). F. _porte_, a gate. - -=portague,= a Portuguese gold coin, worth varying according to time -between £3 5_s._ and £4 10_s._ B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 3. Spelt -_portigue_, Fletcher, Rule a Wife, v. 5. 5; _portegue_, Phillips, Dict., -1658; pl. _portagues_, Strype, Eccl. Mem. (ed. 1721, i. 18. 138); also, -_porteguez_, Davenant, News fr. Plymouth (NED.). The _s_ (_z_) of Span. -_Portugues_, Pg. _Portuguez_, ‘Portuguese’, was taken as a plural, hence -the English forms _portegue_, &c. - -=portance,= carriage, bearing, deportment. Coriolanus, ii. 3. 232; -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 5; ii. 3. 21. - -=portcannons,= ornamental rolls or ‘canions’ round the legs of breeches; -see =canion.= Butler, Hud. i. 3. 926. - -=portcullis,= an Elizabethan coin, stamped with a portcullis. B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Shift). - -=porter’s lodge,= the place where great men used to exercise summary -punishment upon their servants; ‘To the porter’s lodge with him!’, -Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, v. 2 (Don Philippo); Massinger, Duke of -Milan, iii. 2 (Graccho). - -=portesse,= a portable breviary which can be taken out of doors. BIBLE, -Translators’ Preface, 9; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. 1882, 77). ME. -_portos_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1321); _portos_, ‘portiforium’ (Prompt. -EETS. 342, see note, no. 1662). OF. _portehors_ (Godefroy), Church L. -_portiforium_ (Ducange). See Dict. - -=portmantua,= a ‘portmanteau’. Middleton, A Mad World, ii. 2 (Mawworm). - -=port-sale,= public sale to the highest bidder; ‘The soldiers making -portsale of their service to him that would give most’, North, tr. of -Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 18 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 124); ‘Persons were sold -out-right in port-sale under the guirland’ (_sub corona veniere)_, -Holland, Livy, xli. 1103; see NED. (s.v. Port, sb.^{2}). - -=possede,= to possess. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 3, § 2. - -=possess,= to put one in possession of a fact. Meas. for M. iv. 1. 44; -Merch. of Ven. i. 3. 65; King John, iv. 2. 41. - -=post,= as set up before the door of a sheriff or magistrate. Posts were -used to fix proclamations on; and were sometimes painted anew when a new -magistrate came into office; ‘A sheriff’s post’, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 157; -‘Worship, . . . for so much the posts at his door should signifie’, -Puritan Widow, iii. 4. 12. - -=post,= a messenger, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 100; v. 1. 46. Also, a -post-horse, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 40. Hence, _to post_, to go with speed, -hasten, Richard II, i. 1. 56; iii. 4. 90; v. 5. 59; ‘Thousands . . . -post o’er land and ocean without rest’, Milton, Sonnet xix; _post over_, -to hurry over, treat with negligence, 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 255. - -=post and pair,= a card-game, played with three cards each, wherein much -depended on _vying_, or betting on the goodness of the cards in your own -hand. The best hand was three aces; then three kings, queens, &c. If -there were no threes, the highest pairs won; or the highest game in the -three cards. B. Jonson, Love Restored (Plutus); ‘The thrifty and right -worshipful game of Post and Pair’, id., Masque of Christmas (Offering). -See Nares. - -=postil,= an explanatory note or comment on a word or passage in the -Bible. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 2 (ed. Arber, 23); _postill_, to -annotate, Bacon, Henry VIII (ed. Lumby, 193). ME. _postille_ (Wyclif, -Prol. 1 Cor.); see NED. Mod. L. _postilla_, a gloss on the Bible -(Ducange). - -=post-knight,= a knight of the post, a notorious perjurer. A Knack to -know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 538. See =knight of the post.= - -=posy,= a short motto, orig. a line or verse of ‘poesy’, inscribed -within a ring, on a knife, &c. Hamlet, iii. 2. 162; Middleton, Widow, i. -1 (Francisco); a bunch of flowers, Marlowe, Passionate Sheph. iii. See -Dict. - -=pot.= In the expressions _to the pot_, or _to go to pot_, or _to go to -the pot_, the reference is to the cooking-pot; ‘Your poor sparrows . . . -go to the pot for’t’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 37); _to the -pot_, to destruction, Coriolanus, i. 4. 47; Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. -389). - -=potargo,= ‘botargo’, cake made of the roe of the sea-mullet. Fletcher, -Sea-Voyage, iv. 3 (Master). Prov. _poutargo_, ‘caviar’ (Mistral, -Calendal). See Dict. (s.v. Botargo); also Stanford. - -=potch,= to poach an egg. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (P. jun.). - -=potch,= to thrust. Coriolanus, i. 10. 15. Still in use in Warw. in this -sense. See EDD. (s.v. Poach.) - -=potestate,= chief magistrate. Morte Arthur, bk. v, c. 8; p. 174, l. 30; -pl., Gascoigne, Supposes, iii. 3 (Damon). - -=pot-gun,= used contemptuously for a small fire-arm; ‘How! fright me -with your pot-gun?’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iv. 4 -(Norandine). - -=poting-stick,= a piece of wood, bone, or iron, for adjusting the pleats -of a ruff. Marston, Malcontent, v. 3 (Maquerelle); Yorkshire Tragedy, i. -74. OE. _potian_, to push, thrust. - -=potshare,= a potsherd. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 37. In use in Lonsdale, -Lancashire, see EDD. (s.v. Pot, 17 (65)). - -=pottle,= half a gallon, or two quarts. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 -(Roger); _a pottell oyle_ (i.e. of oil); Naval Accounts of Henry VII, p. -16. ‘Pottle’ (a measure of two quarts) is still in use in Cheshire -(EDD.). - -=pouke, pooke,= a ‘puck’, demon, goblin; ‘Chymæra, that same pooke’, -Golding, Metam. vi. 646; ‘Nor let the Pouke nor other evill sprights -. . . Fray us’, Spenser, Epithalamion, 341. ‘Pouk’ (‘pook’), a -mischievous fiend, still in use in Sussex and Shropshire, see EDD. (s.v. -Puck, sb.^{1}). ME. _pouke_: ‘I wene that knyght was a pouke’ (Coer de -Leon, 566); OE. _pūca_ (Napier’s OE. Glosses, 23. 2). - -=pouke-bug,= for =puck-bug,= a malicious spectre. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, iii. 594. See =bug.= - -=pould,= bald-headed, or with lost hair. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 91. - -=pouldre,= to beat into powder or dust. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 12; to -spot, id., iii. 2. 25. OF. _pouldre_ (F. _poudre_). - -=pouldron, poldron,= a shoulder-plate; a piece of armour covering the -shoulder. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, c. 70, st. 13; Drayton, David -and Goliath. OF. espauleron, a shoulder-plate; _espaule_ (F. _épaule_), -shoulder. See NED. - -=poulter,= a dealer in poultry. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 19; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. From _poult_, a chicken. - -=poulter’s measure,= poulterer’s measure; a fanciful name for a metre -consisting of lines of 12 and 14 syllables alternately, common in Surrey -and Gascoigne. See Gascoigne’s Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 39). - -=poult-foot, powlt-foot,= a club-foot, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 97); B. -Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 7. See NED. (s.v. Polt-foot). - -=Poultry,= the Counter prison in the Poultry, London. Middleton, Phœnix, -iv. 3 (1 Officer); ‘Some four houses west from this parish church of St. -Mildred is a prison-house pertaining to one of the sheriffs of London, -and is called the Compter in the Poultrie’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. -99). - -=pounce,= to ornament (cloth, &c.) by punching small holes or figures; -also, to cut the edges into points and scallops, to jag. ‘A . . . cote, -garded and _pounced_’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 3, § 1; -Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 508. Cognate with Norm. F. _ponçon_, ‘poinçon, -instrument de fer ou d’acier servant à percer’ (Moisy). - -=pouncet-box,= 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 38; a Shaks. term for a small box for -perfumes, with a perforated lid. It may be for _pounced box_, from -_pounce_, to perforate. See above. - -=pouncing,= the action of powdering the face with a cosmetic, ‘Pouncings -and paintings’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 1 (Valentine); -Knight of Malta, ii. 1 (Norandine). See NED. (s.v. Pounce, vb.^{3} 3). - -=pouned,= impounded, shut up (as horses) in a pound; ‘Married once, a -man is . . . _poun’d_’, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, iv. 1 (Novall jun.). Cp. -_pounded_; ‘fairly pounded’ (i.e. married), Colman, Jealous Wife, ii. 1 -(Sir H. Beagle). - -=powder,= to sprinkle with salt, to salt. 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 112. Hence -_Powder-beef_, salted beef, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3. 4. Also, -to sweat in a hot tub, to cure disease; Meas. for M. iii. 2. 62; -_powdering-tub_, Hen. V, ii. 1. 79. - -=practice,= scheming or planning, treachery. King Lear, ii. 4. 116; B. -Jonson, Catiline, iii. 5 (Catulus). See Nares. - -=practive,= practical, active, expert; ‘Most hardy practive knights’, -Phaer, Aeneid viii, 518. See NED. - -†=prage,= a spear or similar weapon; ‘Their blades they brandisht, and -keene _prages_ goared in entrayls Of stags’, &c., Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, i. 197. Is _prage_ a misreading of _prāge_ = _prange_ = _prong_ -(see NED.)? - -=praise,= to appraise, value. Puritan Widow, ii. 2. 14. In prov. use in -Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Prize, v.^{2} 1). - -=prancome,= a prank, trick. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, i. 2 (Hodge). Not -found elsewhere. - -=prank,= showily dressed; ‘Pretie pranck parnel’, Appius and Virginia, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. See Dict. (s.v. Prank, 1). - -=prankie-cote,= pranky coat; a jocose term for a fellow full of pranks. -Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 117. Not found elsewhere. - -=prats,= buttocks (Cant); ‘_Prat_, a buttocke’, Harman, Caveat, p. 82; -‘Set me down here on both my prats’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Mort). - -=prease,= to press. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 19; to throng, F. Q. ii. 7. -44; a press, crowd, throng, F. Q. ii. 10. 25; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. -226. Gk. ὄχλος in Luke viii. 19 is rendered by _prease_ in Tyndale and -in Cranmer’s Bible, also in the Geneva and AV. versions. See Nares. This -is still the pronunc. of ‘press’ in Lanc. (EDD.). - -=precisian,= one who is very punctilious, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 5; -synonymous with ‘Puritan’, ‘He’s no precisian, that I’m certain of, Nor -rigid Roman Catholic’, 13. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3. 102; -Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1. 6. See Nares. - -=pree,= short for _pree thee_, _prithee_, i.e. I pray thee. Marston, -What you Will, iii. 2 (Holofernes). - -=pregnant,= pressing, compelling, cogent, convincing; hence, clear, -obvious. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 23; Othello, ii. 1. 241. OF. _preignant_, -pressing, pp. of _preindre_, L. _premere_, to press; cp. _preignantes -raisons_ (Godefroy, Compl.). - -=pregnant,= receptive, fertile, imaginative. Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 101; -ready, ‘The pregnant Hinges of the knee’, Hamlet, iii. 2. 66; phr. _a -pregnant wit_, Heywood, Maidenhead Lost, i. F. _prégnant_ (Rabelais), L. -_praegnans_. - -=prepense,= to consider beforehand, to premeditate. Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § 2; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 14. See -=purpense.= - -=presence:= phr. _in presence_, present; often, in reference to -ceremonial attendance upon a person of superior, esp. royal, rank, -Barclay, Cyt. and Uplondyshman (Percy Soc. 13); Richard II, iv. 1. 62; a -place prepared for ceremonial presence or attendance, a -presence-chamber, ‘The two great Cardinals Wait in the presence’, Hen. -VIII, iii. 1. 17; _chamber of presence_, Bacon, Essay 45. Evelyn, Diary, -Dec. 5, 1643. - -=presently,= immediately. Temp. iv. 42; v. 101; Two Gent. ii. 1. 30; ii. -4. 86; BIBLE, 1 Sam. ii. 16; Matt. xxvi. 53. See Bible Word-Book. Cp. F. -‘_presentement_, presently, quickly, anon, at an instant, speedily, -suddenly’ (Cotgr.). - -=president,= a precedent. Bacon, Essay, Of Great Place; Of Innovations; -Of Judicature. - -=press,= press-money, i.e. prest-money, as paid to an impressed soldier. -Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, i. 2 (Marcellius). - -=prest,= ready. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 160; Marl., 2 Tamburlaine, i. 1 -(Orcanes); Dido, iii. 2. 22. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _prest_ -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 917). F. ‘_prest_, prest, ready, full-dight; -prompt; quick’ (Cotgr.); now written _prêt_. - -=Prester John,= the name given in the Middle Ages to an alleged -Christian priest and king originally supposed to reign in the extreme -East, beyond Persia and Armenia; but from the 15th cent. generally -identified with the King of Ethiopia or Abyssinia (NED.). ‘I will fetch -you a tooth-picker now from the farthest inch of Asia; bring you the -length of Prester John’s foot’, Much Ado, ii. 1. 276; Dekker, Old -Fortunatus, ii. 1 (near end); ‘The great Christian of Æthiopia, vulgarly -called Prester, Precious or Priest-John’, Sir T. Herbert, Travels, 130. -For the history of the subject see Col. Yule’s article in Encycl. Brit. -xix. 715. See Stanford. - -=prestigiatory,= relating to ‘prestigiation’, juggling, deceptive, -delusive; ‘The art prestigiatory’, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7; ii. 3. - -=prestigious,= practising juggling or legerdemain, deceptive, illusory; -‘That inchantresse . . . by prestigious trickes in sorcerie’, Dekker, -Whore of Babylon (Wks. 173, ii. 195); ‘Prestigious guiles’, Heywood, -Dial. 18 (Minerva), vi. 250. Late L. _praestigiosus_, full of deceitful -tricks; _praestigium_, an illusion, _praestigiae_, juggler’s tricks; cp. -F. _prestiges_, ‘deceits, impostures, juggling tricks’ (Cotgr.). See -Dict. (s.v. Prestige). - -=pretence, pretense,= an assertion of a right; a claim; ‘Spirits that in -our just pretenses arm’d Fell with us’, Milton, P. L. ii. 825; an -expressed aim, intention, purpose or design, Two Gent. iii. 1. 47; -Winter’s Tale, iii. 2. 18. - -=pretenced, pretensed,= intended, purposed, designed. More’s Utopia (ed. -Lumby, 8). Late L. _praetensus_, for _praetentus_, pp. of _praetendere_. - -=pretend,= to stretch something over a person for defence; ‘Who . . . -his target alwayes over her pretended’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 19; to -put forward, set forth, ‘To that wench I pretend honest love’, -Middleton, Changeling, iv. 2. 91. L. _praetendere_, to stretch forth. - -=pretor,= one holding high civil office, a name for the Lord Mayor of -London. Westward Ho, i. 1 (Justiniano); Webster, Monuments of Honour, § -1. Med. L. _praetor_, ‘urbis praefectus’ (Ducange); ‘Meyr, _maior_, -_pretor_’ (Prompt. EETS. 284); cp. Cath. Angl. 225. - -=prevent,= to anticipate. Merch. Ven. i. 1. 61; Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 94; -BIBLE, Ps. xviii. 5; cxix. 148; 1 Thess. iv. 15, &c. See Bible -Word-Book. - -=preving, preeving,= proving, trial. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1366. See -=prieve.= - -=prick,= to spur; hence, to ride. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 1; _prickant_, -riding along, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Ralph). - -=prick,= the pin, or peg originally fixed in the very centre of the -_white_, or circular mark upon the butt shot at by archers. Also called -the _pin_, or _clout_. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 99; _at the prickes_, -beside the butts, id., p. 98. - -=prick,= the highest point, apex, acme; ‘To pricke of highest praise’, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 1; ‘The hygh prycke of vertue’, Udall, Erasmus, -Paraph. Matt. iii. 30; phr. _prick and praise_, very high praise, -Middleton, Family of Love, ii. 4 (Mrs. G.); ‘She had the prick and -praise for a prettie wench’, London Prodigal, iv. 1. 15. - -=prick-eared,= having sharply pointed, erect ears; _prycke-eared_, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 77; Hen. V, ii. 1. 44. - -=pricket,= a buck in his second year, having straight unbranched horns. -L. L. L. iv. 2. 12; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 -(Ralph). ME. _pryket_, ‘capriolus’ (Prompt. EETS. 316; see notes, no. -1681). - -=prickle,= a wicker basket, for fruit or flowers. B. Jonson, Pan’s -Anniversary (Shepherd, l. 3). In Kent used for a basket of a certain -measure (EDD.). See NED. - -=prick-me-dainty,= finical in language and behaviour. Udall, Roister -Doister, ii. 3 (Trupeny). Still in use in Scotland (EDD.). - -=prick-song,= music written down or sung from notes. Romeo, ii. 4. 21; -Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 41. ‘The nightingale’s song, being more regularly -musical than any other, was called _pricksong_’ (Nares). ‘Prick-song’ -used to mean counterpoint as distinguished from ‘plain-song’, mere -melody. - -=priefe, preife,= proof, trial. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 48; Mother -Hubberd, 408. _Priefe_ = F. _preuve_, as _people_ (pron. _peeple_) = F. -_peuple_. - -=prieve,= to prove. Spenser, F. Q. v. 4. 33; vi. 12. 18. _Prieve_ = OF. -_prueve_ (_preuve_); L. _próbat_, with the stress on the stem-syllable, -whereas _prove_ = F. _prouver_ (OF. _prover_) = L. _probáre_. - -=prig a prancer,= to steal a horse (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 -(Higgen); Audeley, Vagabonds, p. 4; Harman, Caveat, pp. 42, 43, 84. See -Dict. (s.v. Prig, 1). - -=prima-vista,= an old game at cards, resembling primero, and sometimes -identified with it. _Primviste_, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 13 (ed. -Arber, p. 33); ‘_Prima_ . . . a game at cardes, called Prime, Primero, -or Primavista’ (Florio). Ital. _prima vista_, ‘first seen, because he -that can first show such an order of cards wins the game’ (Minsheu). - -=primum mobile,= the ‘First Movement’, in the Ptolemaic system of -astronomy, the outer sphere (of a system of spheres), which turns round -from east to west once in 24 hours, carrying all the inner spheres with -it. Bacon, Essay 15, § 4; Essay 51 (end). In Dante the Primum Mobile is -called the Crystalline Heaven (‘Cielo Cristallino’), see Paget Toynbee’s -Dante Dictionary. - -=princox,= a pert saucy boy or youth, a conceited young fellow, Romeo, -i. 588. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Princock). - -=prink,= to set off, show off, trim; ‘To prink and prank, _exorno_’, -Coles, 1699. _Prinke it_, to show off, Gascoigne, Complaint of -Philomene, st. 21, p. 93. - -=print:= phr. _in print_, to the letter, exactly. L. L. L. iii. 173; -‘Gallant in print’ (i.e. a complete gallant), B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of -Humour, ii. 2 (Fallace). In prov. use in E. Anglia, Oxf., Sussex, see -EDD. (s.v. Print, 3). - -=prise, pryse,= the note blown at the death of a hunted beast; ‘Thenne -kynge Arthur blewe the pryse’, Morte Arthur, leaf 63. 25; bk. iv, c. 6. -F. ‘_prise_, the death or fall of a hunted beast’ (Cotgr.). - -=privado,= a favourite, intimate friend. Bacon, Essay 27, § 3. Span. -_privado_, a favourite (Stevens); Port. _privado_, ‘favori, homme en -faveur auprès d’un prince’ (Roquette). Med. L. _privatus_, ‘familiaris, -amicus’ (Ducange). - -=private,= private interest. B. Jonson, Catiline, iii. 2 (last speech). - -=prize,= a contest, a match, a public athletic contest. Merch. Ven. iii. -2. 142; a fencing contest, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 2 -(Prentices); a turn in a match, ib., v. 2 (Infelice); phr. _to play a -prize_, to engage in a public contest, to play one’s part, Beaumont and -Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, v. 2 (Lieutenant); Massinger, New Way to Pay, iv. -2 (end); Titus Andron. i. 1. 399; B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 1. Hence -_Prizer_, one who fights in a ‘prize’ or match, As You Like It, ii. 3. -8. F. ‘_prise_, a hold in wrestling; _estre aux prises_, to wrestle or -strive with one another’ (Cotgr.). - -=prize,= to offer as the price; to risk, stake venture. Greene, Friar -Bacon, iv. 3 (1784); scene 13. 41 (W.); p. 175, col. 1 (D.); to pay a -price for, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 5. - -=proake,= to ask. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 4; ‘To proke, -_procare_’, Levins, Manip. - -=proceed,= to advance, in one’s University course, from graduation as -B.A. to some higher degree; ‘He proceaded Bachelour of Divinitye in the -sayde Universitye of Cambridge’, Foxe, Bk. of Martyrs, 1297; Middleton, -A Chaste Maid, iv. 1 (Tim). - -=prochinge,= approaching. Sackville, Induction, line 1. Cp. Sc. -_prochy-madame_ (_Prush-madam!_), a call to cows, Ramsey, Remin. = F. -_approchez, Madame!_, see EDD. (s.v. Proochy). - -=procinct,= readiness, preparation; ‘Procinct of war’, Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xii. 89. L. _procintus_, readiness for action. - -=prodigious,= portentous, horrible. Mids. Night’s D. v. 419; King John, -iii. 1. 46. - -=proface,= much good may it do you. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30; Chapman, -Widow’s Tears, iv. 2 (Lysander). OF. _prouface_, ‘souhait qui veut dire, -bien vous fasse’ (Roquefort); _prou_, advantage + _fasse_ (L. _faciat_), -may it do. See Nares. - -=profligate,= routed. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 728. L. _profligare_, to strike -down, overthrow. - -=profound,= to fathom, to get to the bottom of. Sir T. Browne, Rel. -Med., pt. 1, § 13. - -=prog,= to search about, esp. for food; ‘Man digs . . . He never rests -. . . He mines and progs, though in the fangs of death’, Quarles, Job -xiv. 60; ‘Each in his way doth incessantly prog for joy’, Barrow, -Sermon, Rejoice evermore; ‘We need not cark or prog’, id. In prov. use -in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Prog, vb. 2). - -=progress,= the travel of the sovereign and court to visit different -parts of his dominions. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 9; -Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). _Progress-block_, a block for a new -fashion of hats, to be used on a progress, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at -several Weapons, iv. 1. - -=proin, proyne= (of a bird), to preen, prune, to trim or dress the -feathers with the beak. B. Jonson, Underwood, Celebr. Charis, v; -Gascoigne, Complaint of Philomene, st. 59, p. 98. Spelt _prune_, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 36; Cymb. v. 4. 118; 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 98. ME. -_proynen_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 2011). OF. _poroign-_, pres. pt. stem of -_poroindre_, to trim feathers (Godefroy), L. _pro_ + _ungere_, to -anoint. - -=proine, proyne,= to prune trees. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 458; Bacon, -Essay 50; Drayton, Pol. iii. 358; Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 292; -Homilies 1, Falling fr. God (NED.); Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1. Norm. -F. _progner_ (Moisy), OF. _proignier_, to prune (Godefroy), Romanic -type, _protundiare_, deriv. of L. _rotundus_, round. Cp. F. _rogner des -branches, des racines_, ‘couper tout autour’ (Hatzfeld). See =royne.= - -=project,= to set forth, exhibit. Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 121; to presage, -‘When the south projects a stormy day’, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. i. -622. - -=projection,= the application of ‘the elixir’ to the metal which is to -be transmuted into gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Mammon). - -=proller,= a prowler, wandering beggar. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. -490. - -=promont,= a headland. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero); -Drayton, Pol. iv. 7. 1. - -=promoter,= a professional accuser, a common informer; ‘Enter two -promoters’, Middleton, A Chaste Girl, ii. 2; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, -v. 2 (1 Madman); Tusser, Husbandry, § 64. 11. See Cowell’s Interpreter. - -=prompture,= prompting, instigation. Meas. for M. ii. 4. 178. - -=prone,= a sermon delivered in commemoration of a founder or benefactor; -‘The founder . . . used to be commemorated in some Prone’, T. Hearne, -Remains (ed. Bliss, 655); ‘All founders and benefactors were duly and -constantly commemorated in their Prones’, id., 754. F. ‘_prone_, notice -given by a Priest unto his Parishioners . . . of the holy days, of Banes -of Matrimony, of such as desire to be relieved or prayed for, &c.’ -(Cotgr.). - -=proof,= proof-armour, strong defensive armour. Beaumont and Fl., -Chances, i. 10 (Fred.). _Proof-arm_, to put on armour of proof, Hum. -Lieutenant, ii. 3 (Leucippe). - -=proper,= handsome, fine. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 144; Much Ado, i. 3. 54; 1 -Hen. VI, v. 3. 37; ‘He was a proper childe’, BIBLE, Heb. xi. 23 (= -‘elegantem infantem’, Vulgate). Very common in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. -Proper, 5). - -=proper,= belonging exclusively to one, peculiar to one, Meas. for M. i. -1. 30; v. 1. 111; Shirley, Arcadia, iii. 1 (3 Rebel). - -=properties,= rude paintings for scenery, or stage appliances. Shirley, -Bird in a Cage, iii. 2 (Carlo); dresses for the actors, id., iv. 2 -(Donella). - -=property,= an implement, tool for a purpose. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 10; -Jul. Caesar, iv. 1. 40; to use as a tool, King John, v. 2. 72. - -=propice,= propitious, favourable. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 31; -_propise_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4. F. _propice_; L. -_propitius_. - -=propriety,= peculiarity, special nature. Bacon, Essay 3, § 2; property, -Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). F. ‘_proprieté_, a -property speciality in; the nature, quality, inclination of’ (Cotgr.). - -=prospective,= a magic glass or crystal in which it was supposed that -distant or future events could be seen, Bacon, Essay 26; _glasse -prospective_, Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 110. The word also means a -telescope, J. Taylor (Water Poet), Fennor’s Defence (NED.). Also, a -scene, a view, Porter, Angry Women, i. 1. 12. F. _prospective_, ‘the -prospective or optick art; also, a bounded prospect, a limited view’ -(Cotgr.). - -=prostrate,= one who is prostrate as a suppliant or a vanquished foe, -Otway, Don Carlos, i. 1. - -=protense,= extension, a story long drawn out. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 4. -L. _protensus_, drawn out; pp. of _protendere_, to draw forth. - -=protract,= delay, procrastination. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex). - -=provand,= food, provisions. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 267; Caxton, Reynard -(Arber, p. 60). Flemish, _provande_, Fr. _provende_, Romanic type -_provenda_ for eccles. L. _praebenda_, a daily allowance (Dict. Christ. -Antiq.). - -=provant,= provender, food. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Also, one who -deals in provisions, a sutler. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, i. 1 -(Nicodemus). Hence, _Provant_, of or belonging to the ‘provant’ or -soldier’s allowance, and therefore, of common or inferior quality, -Webster, Appius and Virg. i. 4; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 1 -(Bobadil). - -=provecte,= advanced; ‘Provecte in yeres’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i, c. 4, § 3. L. _provectus_, pp. - -=providence,= foresight, timely care. Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 -(Overreach); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 1. 5. - -=provincial garland,= a garland given to one who had added a _province_ -to the Roman Empire. Ford, Broken Heart, i. 2 (Calanthia). - -=prowest,= most valiant. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; ii. 8. 18. OF. _prou_, -valiant (Bartsch). See Dict. (s.v. Prowess). - -=prune,= the fruit. _Stewed prunes_, often referred to as being a -favourite dish in brothels. Meas. for M. ii. 1. 93; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. -128; cp. Fletcher, Mad Lover, iv. 5 (Eumenes). Spelt _proin_, in -_proin-stone_, Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 500). - -=prune;= see =proin.= - -=pry, prie,= a local name of the small-leaved lime (_Tilia parvifolia_). -Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 15. An Essex word, see EDD. (sv. Pry, sb.^{1} -4). - -=ptrow,= _interj._, tut! an exclamation of contempt. Heywood, Jupiter -and Io, vol. vi, p. 267, l. 3. - -=Pucelle.= _Joan la Pucelle_, Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, 1 Hen. -VI, i. 4. 101; i. 6. 3. F. _pucelle_, a maid, virgin. - -=puckfist, puckfoist,= the fungus usually called a puff-ball. Beaumont -and Fl., Custom of the Country, i. 2 (Rutilio); B. Jonson, Poetaster, -iv. 5 (Tucca). Named after ‘Puck’. See =pouke.= A common prov. word -(EDD.). The ‘puff-ball’ was also called Bull-fist, Puff-fist, and -Wolf’s-fist, see Cotgrave (s.v. Vesse de loup); see NED. (s.v. Fist). - -=puckle,= a kind of bugbear or goblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 -(Hecate). OE. _pūcel_, a goblin (NED.), dimin. of _pūca_; see =pouke.= - -=puckling,= little goblin; used as a term of endearment by a witch. -Heywood, Witches of Lancs. ii. 1 (Mawd.); vol. iv, p. 187. See above. - -=pudder,= pother, confusion, turmoil. King Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); -Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Romanello). A common prov. word (EDD.). - -=pudding-time, in,= in good time, lit. in time for dinner, as dinner -often began with pudding. Like will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. -219; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 865. Still in use; see EDD. - -=pudding tobacco,= tobacco compressed into sausage-like rolls. B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury); Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. -2 (Laxton). - -=pudency,= modesty. Cymbeline, ii. 5. 11. L. _pudentia_, modesty. - -=pug,= to pull, to tug; ‘What pugging by the ear!’, Appius and Virginia, -in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 120. In prov. use from Warw. to Dorset, see -EDD. (s.v. Pug, vb.^{2}). - -=pug,= a bargeman; ‘In a Westerne barge, when with a good winde and -lustie pugges one may go ten miles in two daies’, Lyly, Endymion, iv. 2; -_Westerne pugs_, men who navigated barges down the Thames to London; -‘The Westerne pugs receiving money there [in plague time] have tyed it -in a bag at the end of their barge, and trailed it through the Thames’, -Dekker, Wonderfull Yeare (NED.). - -=puggard,= a thief (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). - -=pugging tooth,= Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 7. Meaning uncertain. Usually -taken as = thieving, cp. =puggard.= In Devon ‘pug-tooth’ means eye-tooth -(EDD.). Possibly there may be a play of words here: Autolycus’s hungry -eye-tooth (_pug_-tooth) set on edge tempts him to thieve (_pug_) ‘the -white sheet bleaching on the hedge’. - -=puke,= a superior kind of woollen cloth, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 78. M. Du. -_puuc_, _puyck_, name of the best sort of woollen cloth (A.D. 1420). Du. -_puyck_, woollen cloth (Hexham); _puik_, choice, excellent (Sewel). - -=puke,= the name of the colour formerly used for the cloth named ‘puke’. -‘_Pauonaccio cupo_, a deep darke purple or puke colour’ (Florio, ed. -1598); ‘Pewke, a colour, _pers_’, Palsgrave. See NED. - -=pull:= in phr. _to pull down a side_, ‘to cause the loss or hazard of -the side or party with which a person plays’ (Nares); ‘If I hold your -card, I shall pull down the side’, Massinger, Duke of Florence, iv. 2 -(Cozimo); id., Unnatural Combat, ii. 1 (Belgarde). - -=pullen,= poultry, chickens. Tusser, Husbandry, 87. 5; Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless); _poleyn_, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, -146. 21. In common prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia -(EDD.). OF. _poulain_, young of any animal (Hatzfeld). Med. L. -_pullanus_, see Ducange (s.v. Pullani). - -=pulpamenta,= delicacies. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 7 -(Macilente). A word used by Plautus for tit-bits, delicacies. - -=pulpatoon,= a dish made of rabbits, fowls, &c., in a crust of forced -meat. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). Span. _pulpelón_, a large -slice of stuffed meat. - -=pulvilio,= fine scented powder, cosmetic powder. Etherege, Man of Mode, -iii. 3 (Sir Fopling); _Pulvilio-box_, a scent-box, Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, ii (Manly). Hence _pulvil_, to perfume with scented powder, -Congreve, Way of the World, iv. 1 (beginning). Ital. _polviglio_, fine -powder. See Stanford. - -=pumey,= ‘pumice’. Peele, Anglorum Feriae, 26 (ed. Dyce, p. 595); -_pumie-stone_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 39; Shep. Kal., March, 89. - -=pun,= to pound, to beat, pummel. Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 42; _pund_, pt. t., -Heywood, King Edw. IV, First Part (Spicing); vol. i, p. 19. In common -prov. use from the north country down to Glouc., see EDD. (s.v. Pound, -vb.^{3}). OE. _punian_, to pound, beat, bray in mortar. - -=puncheon,= a kind of dagger. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 664 (L. -_dolones_). O. Prov. _ponchon_, ‘poinçon’ (Levy). - -=puncto;= see =punto.= - -=punctual,= no bigger than a point, very small; ‘This opacous Earth, -this punctual spot’, Milton, P. L. viii. 23. - -=punese,= a bug. Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 437. F. _punaise_. - -†=pung,= a ‘punk’, courtesan. Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Lethe). Not -found elsewhere. - -=punkateero,= a purveyor of punks, a pander. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, iv. 1 (Curvetto). A jocose formation from _punk_, a strumpet, -in imitation of Span. _mulatero_, muleteer, from _mulo_, mule. Not found -elsewhere. - -=punto,= a small point; _in a punto_, in a moment, B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. iv. 7 (Bobadil); a nice point of behaviour, a ‘punctilio’, -‘Puntos and Complementes’, Bacon. Adv. L., bk. ii, c. 23, § 3; a stroke -or thrust with the point of the sword or foil, Merry Wives, ii. 3. 26; -_punto riverso_, a back-handed thrust, Romeo, ii. 4. 27; _punto beard_, -a pointed beard, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode). Ital. and Span. -_punto_, L. _punctum_, a point. - -=purchase,= to acquire, obtain, gain. Tempest, iv. 1. 14; Richard II, i. -3. 282. Hence, _purchase_, acquired property, wealth, Webster, Duch. -Malfi, iii. 1 (Antonio); spoil, booty, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 101; Hen. V, -iii. 2. 45; Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 16; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 5 -(Theridamas). See Dict. - -=purfle,= to embroider along an edge, to border, to ornament. Spenser, -F. Q. i. 2. 13; ii. 3. 26; Milton, Comus, 995; ‘_Pourfiler_, to purfle, -tinsell or overcast with gold thread’, Cotgrave. - -=purfle,= the contour or outline of anything, the profile. Chapman, -Byron’s Conspiracy, iii. 1 (Breton). - -=puritan,= used ironically for a courtesan (Cant). Marston, What you -Will, iii. 3 (Slip). - -=purlieu,= ground near a forest, which having been made forest, was by -perambulation (OF. _puralee_) separated from the same, see Manwood, -Forest Laws, cap. 20; ‘In the purlieus of this forest’, As You Like It, -iv. 3. 77. The form _purlieu_ (for an older _purley_) is probably due to -popular etymology, i.e. to association with F. _pur lieu_, L. _purus -locus_, a free open space; _purley_, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. -3 (Nimis); _purley-man_, one who has lands within the ‘purlieu’ (NED.); -_Pourlie man_, Cowell’s Interpreter (s.v. Purlue). Anglo-F. _puralé_ -(_-lée_), a going though, ‘perambulatio’ (Rough List, s.v. Purlieu). See -NED. - -=purpense,= to determine beforehand; ‘James Grame . . . wilfully -assented and purpensed the murdre, &c.’, Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 7; ‘A -purpensed malice’, Udall, Erasmus’s Paraph. Mark iii. 30. Anglo-F. -_purpenser_: _agwait purpensé_, ‘insidiis praecogitatis’ (Laws of -William I, § 1, 2); see Moisy. See =prepense.= - -=purpose,= conversation, discourse. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 45; ii. 6. 6; -ii. 8. 56; Much Ado, iii. 1. 12; to converse, discourse, F. Q. ii. 12. -16. OF. _pourpos_ (_purpos_), a purpose (Godefroy), cp. F. _propos_, a -purpose, design, also, speech, discourse (Cotgr.). - -=purprise,= an enclosure, enclosed area. Bacon, Essay 56 (Judicature). -Norm. F. _purprise_, _pourprise_, ‘pourpris, enceinte, enelos, demeure’ -(Moisy); _porprise_ (Didot); _porprendre_, ‘investir, entourer’ (Didot). -Med. L. _porprisa_, _porprisum_, ‘possessio vel locus sepibus, muris, -ant vallis conclusus’; see Ducange (s.v. Porprendere). - -=purse,= to steal purses. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 (Yo. -Loveless). - -=purse-net,= a net, the mouth of which could be drawn together by a -string. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Ariosto); Appius, iv. 1 -(Advocate). - -=purveyance,= providence. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 58; provision, -equipment, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 13. ME. _purveyaunce_, providence, -also, provision (Chaucer). See Dict. (s.v. Purvey). - -=push,= a pustule, pimple; ‘Black poushes or boyles’, Sir T. Elyot, -Castel of Helthe, bk. iii, c. 7; ‘Pimples or pushes’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 6. Still in use in many parts of England, see EDD. -(s.v. Push, sb.^{3}). - -=push,= _interj._, pish! Massinger, The Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); -Middleton, Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Shortyard). Very common in Middleton. - -=push-pin,= a childish game noticed by Strutt, Sports, v. 4. 14. In L. -L. L. iv. 3. 169; Herrick, Hesper., Love’s Play at Push-pin. Also called -_put-pin_. - -=pussle,= a maid, girl, drab. Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 78); -‘A puzell verie beautifull’, Holinshed (ed. 1587, iii. 545); Laneham’s -Letter (ed. Furnivall, 23); ‘The Fayre Pusell’, W. de Worde, Treatyse of -a Galaunt (see title of the play). F. _pucelle_, a maid. - -=put,= a silly fellow, a ‘duffer’ (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, -i. 1 (Shamwell). See Slang Dict., 1874. - -=put case,= suppose. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 1 (end). - -=put forth,= to lend out (money). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour ii. 1 -(Puntarvolo). Cp. Temp. iii. 3. 48; Sonnet cxxxiv. 10. - -=put on,= to put on a hat. This was the occasion of much empty -compliment. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto). _Putting off his -hat_, taking it off, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 7. - -=put up,= to sheathe a sword, to replace it in the scabbard. Temp. i. 2. -469; Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 343; _put up_ (without a following sb.), -Middleton, The Widow, i. 2 (Martino). - -=puther,= pother, trouble, disturbance. Buckingham, The Rehearsal, ii. 4 -(Bayes); _pudder_, K. Lear, iii. 2. 50 (1623); _poother_, Coriolanus, -ii. 1. 234. - -=put-pin,= ‘Playing at put-pin’, Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. -viii. 205. See =push-pin.= - -=puttock,= a bird of prey of the kite kind. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 191; -Cymb. i. 1. 140; Puritan Widow, iii. 3. 110; ‘Puttocke, _escoufle_’, -Palsgrave. In common prov. use for a kite or buzzard, see EDD. (s.v. -Puttock, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _puttocke_, ‘milvus’ (Prompt. EETS. 339, -see note, no. 1647). _Puttock_ is a not uncommon surname, see Bardsley, -493. An older form for this surname was _Putthawke_, see Chronicles of -Theberton (Suffolk), by H. M. Doughty, 1910, p. 177, ‘That year [1748] -John Puttock or Putthawke was churchwarden.’ Can _puttock_, the name of -the bird, stand for _pout-hawk,_ from the pouts, i.e. small birds, on -which it feeds? [For _pout_, see NED. (s.v. _Poult_).] - -=puzell;= see =pussle.= - -=pylery hole,= the hole through which the head of the offender was -thrust in the pillory. Skelton, Magnyf. 361. OF. _pillorie_ (Ducange, -s.v. Pilorium), O. Prov. _espilori_, _espitlori_ (Levy); Med. L. -*_spect’lorium_ < *_spectaculorium_, a place for a ‘spectacle’ (L. -_spectaculum_). - -=pyonyng;= see =pion.= - -=pyromancy,= divination by fire. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 2 (186); scene -2. 15 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.). Gk. πυρομαντεία, divination by fire. - -=Pythonissa,= the witch of Endor; ‘Saith the Pythonissa to Saul’, Bacon, -Essay 35. L. _pythonissa_, applied to the witch of Endor (1 Sam. -xxviii), see Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii, Argument (‘Saul pythonissam -consulit’); properly, a woman possessed with Python, the spirit of -divination, cp. Vulgate, Lib. 1 Regum xxviii. 7 (‘Mulier pythonem habens -in Endor’). See =Phitonessa.= - - - - - Q - - -=Q,= a cue, as the signal for an actor to begin his part; ‘And took I -not my _Q_?’ Barry, Ram-Alley, ii. 1 (W. Smallshanks); ‘And old men know -their _Q’s_, id., iii. 1 (O. Small.). Some say it stood for L. _quando_, -when; i.e. the time when. - -=quab,= a crude or shapeless thing. Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3. 5. -Low G. _quabbe_, a piece of fat flesh, _quabbeln_, to be flabby, quiver -like a piece of fat or soft flesh; Du. _quabbe_, ‘the dewlap of a -Rudder-beast hanging down under his necke’ (Hexham). - -=quacking cheat,= a cant term for a duck. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor). See =cheat= (2). - -=quadlin,= a kind of apple, a ‘codling’, mentioned among the July fruits -in Bacon’s Essay 46, Of Gardens; _quodling_, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 -(Dol Common). Perhaps a corruption of ME. _querdlyng_, appul, -‘duracenum’ (Prompt.). - -=quadrate,= a troop in a square formation; ‘The Powers Militant . . . in -mighty Quadrate joyn’d’, Milton, P. L. vi. 62. L. _quadratus_, squared; -_quadratum_, a square. - -=quail,= the name of the bird, applied to a courtesan. Tr. and Cr. v. 1. -57; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula). See Nares. Cp. F. _cailte -coiffée_, ‘une femme galante’ (Moisy, s.v. Quaille); _cailles coyphées_, -women (Rabelais, iv. 23); _caille coiffée_, ‘a woman’ (Cotgr.). - -=quail,= to curdle, coagulate; ‘I quayle as mylke dothe, _je -quaillebotte_’, Palsgrave; ‘This mylke is quayled’, id.; Phillips, -Dict., 1706. In prov. use in E. Anglia and adjacent counties, see EDD. -(s.v. Quail, vb.^{2}). ME. _quaylyn_ as mylk or odyrlyk lykowre, -‘coagulo’ (Prompt. EETS. 363). F. _cailler_, to curdle, to coagulate -(Cotgr.), OF. _coailler_ (Oxf. Ps. cxviii. 70); L. _coagulare_; cp. -Ital. _quagliare_ (_coagulare_, to curd or curdle (Torriano)). See -=quarle.= - -=quail,= to lose courage; ‘My heart drops blood, and my false spirits -Quaile’, Cymbeline, v. 5. 149; ‘Their hearts began to quaile’, Holland, -Livy, xxxvi. 9. 924. A _fig._ sense of _quail_ (to curdle), see above. -Cp. Ital. _quagliare_ (_cagliare_), ‘aggrumare’; _per met._ ‘mancar -d’animo, venir meno’ (Fanfani, s.v. Cagliare). - -=quail= (a trans. use of above), to cause to quail, to depress the heart -with fear or dejection; ‘He meant to quail and shake the orb’, Ant. and -Cl. v. 2. 85; Mids. Night’s D. v. 292 (Pyramus); Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. -49; Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, i. 2 (Cassilane); Kyd, Cornelia, -iv. 1. 243. - -=quail-pipe boot,= a boot having a wrinkled appearance. Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Truepenny); with reference to the E. -version of the Romaunt of the Rose, 7261: ‘Highe shoes . . . That -frouncen [are wrinkled] lyke a quaile-pipe.’ - -=quaint,= skilled, clever; ‘The quaint Musician’, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. -149; skilfully designed, ‘A quaint salad’, Shirley, Traitor, iv. 2; -beautiful, elegant, Milton, Samson Ag. 1303; Much Ado, iii. 4. 22; -dainty, fastidious, prim, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 10. OF. _cointe_, -‘instruit’ (Bartsch), Med. L. _cognitus_, ‘sciens’ (Ducange). Cp. O. -Prov. _coinde_, _cointe_, ‘joli, gracieux, aimable’ (Levy). - -=quaisy;= see =queazy.= - -=quality,= profession, occupation. Merry Wives, v. 5. 44; Hamlet, ii. 2. -363; Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Metaldi). - -=quar,= a ‘quarry’, a heap of dead men. Phaer, Aeneid ix, 526. See Dict. -(s.v. Quarry, 2). - -=quarelet,= a small square; ‘The quarelets of pearl’ (referring to a -girl’s teeth), Herrick, The Rock of Rubies, and the Quarrie of Pearls, -32. See =quarrel.= - -=quarle,= a ‘quarrel’, cross-bow bolt. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 33. See -Dict. (s.v. Quarrel, 2). - -=quarle,= to curdle, coagulate. Tourneur, Rev. Trag. iv. 4. 8. See -=quar=(=r= (2). - -=quar=(=r,= a stone-quarry. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); -Drayton, Pol. i. 119. In prov. use (EDD.). See Dict. (s.v. Quarry, 1). - -=quar=(=r,= to coagulate; ‘It keepeth the mylke from quarring and -crudding in the brest’, Lyte, Dodoens, ii. 74. 246 (NED.). In prov. use -in Worc., Hants., Somerset, Devon (EDD.). See =quarle.= - -=quarrel,= a square, or diamond-shaped piece of glass, in a window; ‘A -quarrell of glasse’, Puttenham, Arte of Poesie, bk. ii, ch. 11, ed. -Arber, p. 106; Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 1 (Galoshio). -‘Quarrel’ is in prov. use in various parts of England for a pane of -glass, esp. a diamond-shaped pane, see EDD. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1}), and -NED. (s.v. Quarrel, sb.^{1} 3). - -=quarron,= the body; the belly (Cant); ‘To comfort the quarron’, Brome, -Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song); _Quaromes_, a body, Harman, Caveat, p. 82. -The same word as _carrion_, a carcass; ‘Old feeble carrions’, Jul. -Caesar, ii. 1. 130. See NED. - -=quart,= quarter, fourth part. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10.14. L. _quartus_, -fourth. - -=quart d’écu;= see =cardecu.= - -=quartile,= a quartile aspect, a quadrature, denoting the position of -two planets which are 90 degrees apart. Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, -chap. xxxvi, st. 12; Dryden, Palamon, i. 500. - -=quass,= to drink copiously. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 87. Low G. -_quasen_, _quassen_, to devour, swallow (Lübben). - -=quat,= a pimple; _fig._ applied contemptuously to a young person. -Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Ariosto); Othello, v. 1. 11. ‘Quat’, -meaning a pimple, is in prov. use in the Midlands, also in Hants. -(EDD.). - -=quat,= to oppress. Lyly, Euphues, p. 44. In prov. use in Wilts. and -Somerset, meaning to squeeze, crush, see EDD. (s.v. Quat, vb. 3). - -=quat,= the act or state of squatting. A hunted leveret is ‘put to the -dead quat’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 31). - -=quaternion,= a set of four. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (Cupid); -Milton, P. L. v. 181; BIBLE, Acts xii. 4. L. _quaternio_ (Vulgate). - -=quayd,= quieted, appeased; ‘Therewith his sturdie courage soone was -quayd’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 14. See =accoy.= - -=queach,= a dense growth of bushes, a thicket. Golding, Ovid’s Metam. i. -4; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xix. 610; id., Hymn to Pan; Coote’s English -Schoolemaster; Howell, Londinop. 382; _queachie_, bushy, Golding, -Metam., To Reader. See Nares. An E. Anglian word for a small plantation -of trees or bushes, a ‘spinney’ (EDD.). ME. _queche_, a dense growth of -bushes (Merlin, ed. Wheatley, iii. 540). - -=queachy,= swampy, boggy; ‘Queachy fens’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 396; iv. 65; -xvii. 384; _quechy_, Heywood, Brazen Age, ii. 2 (Wks. iii. 190). -‘Queechy’ is in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Queachy, adj.^{1} 1). - -=queam;= see =queme.= - -=queat,= ‘quiet’; ‘Be _queat_’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, c. 6, st. -73; bk. iii, ch. 14, st. last but one. Not uncommon. See =unqueat.= - -=queave,= to palpitate; ‘I left him _queaving_ and quick’ (i.e. -palpitating and alive), Puttenham, Arte of E. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 19 -(ed. Arber, p. 223); ‘Quycke and queaving’, life and palpitation, -Gascoigne, Grief of Joy (ed. Hazlitt, ii. 289). See NED. (s.v. Quave). - -=queazy,= squeamish, fastidious, nice. Dryden, Epil. to Don Sebastian, -16; spelt _quaisie_, Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 40); _queasie_, -unsettling the stomach, causing nausea, Lyly, Euphues (Arber, 44); -‘Quaisy as meate or drinke is, _dangereux_’, Palsgrave. - -†=quebas,= the name of an obsolete card-game. Etherege, She Would if she -Could, iii. 3 (Lady Cockwood). Not found elsewhere. - -=queching;= see =quetch.= - -†=quecke,= a knock, a whack; ‘If I fall, I catch a _quecke_, I may -fortune to break my neck’, Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. -8. Not found elsewhere. - -=queest;= see =woodquist.= - -=queint,= _pp._ quenched. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 11; ‘The coals . . . -that be quent’, Sir T. Wyatt (Wks., ed. Bell, p. 200). ME. _queynt_ -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2321), pp. of _quenche_, to quench (id., Tr. and Cr. -iii. 846). See Dict. - -=quellio,= a Spanish collar or neck-band. Ford, Lady’s Trial, ii. 1 -(Guzman); _quellio ruff_, a Spanish ruff, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4 -(Luke). Span. _cuello_, neck, collar, ruff (Stevens); L. _collum_, neck. - -=quelquechose,= a delicacy; the same word as _kickshaws_. Marston, -Malcontent, i. 1. 161 (Malevole); ‘_Fricandeaux_, short, skinless, and -dainty puddings, or Quelkchoses, made of good flesh and herbs chopped -together, then rolled up into the form of Liverings, &c., and so -boiled’, Cotgrave. F. _quelque chose_, something. See Dict. (s.v. -Kickshaws). - -=queme,= to please. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 15; _queam_, pleasure, -Warner, Alb. England, bk. xii, ch. 60, st. 32. ME. _queme_, to please -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 695); _queme_, pleasure, satisfaction (Cursor -M. 1064); see Dict. M. and S. OE. _cwēman_, _gecwēman_, to please. - -=quent;= see =queint.= - -=quere,= the ‘choir’ of a church. Morte Arthur, leaf 430*, back, 22; bk. -xxi, c. 12; Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 396. ‘Queer’ is in prov. use for -choir in the north country (EDD.). ME. _quere_, _queer_ (Wyclif, Ps. -lii. 1; cl. 4). Norm. F. _quers_, nom.; _cuer_, acc., ‘chœur’ (Moisy). -See Dict. (s.v. Choir). - -†=querke:= phr. _to have the querke of the sea_ (?), Harrison, Desc. of -England, bk. ii, ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 310). - -=querpo:= phr. _in querpo_, in a close-fitting dress or doublet, without -a cloak; ‘To walk the streets in querpo’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1. -2; cp. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 201. Span. _en cuerpo_, lit. ‘in the -body’; hence, half dressed. See Stanford (s.v. Cuerpo). See =cuerpo.= - -=querre, at the,= (probably) on the cross, at a cross-stroke; ‘_Sir -Francis._ My hawk killed too. _Sir Charles._ Ay, but ’twas at the -querre, Not at the mount, like mine’, Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3. Cp. -Low G. _vor queer_, across. See Dict. (s.v. Queer). - -=querry,= an ‘equerry’. Beaumont and Fl., Noble Gentleman, v. 1 -(Marine); ‘_Querries_, Persons that are conversant in the Queen’s -Stables; and have charge of her Horses’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See -Dict. (s.v. Equerry). - -=quest,= to seek after, search about, like a dog after game. Otway, -Soldier’s Fortune, iv. 3. 2. Also, to give tongue, like a hound at the -sight of game, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Townshead). ‘To quest’ -is in prov. use in various parts of England, of dogs in the sense of -seeking for game, and of breaking out into a bark at the sight of the -quarry; see EDD. F. _quester_, ‘to quest, hunt; to open, as a dog that -seeth, or findeth of his game’ (Cotgr.). - -=quest,= an inquiry; a body of men summoned to hold an inquiry. -Gascoigne, Works, i. 37; ‘Crowner’s quest law’, Hamlet, v. 1. 24. See -Dict. (s.v. Inquest). - -=quest-house,= the house at which the inquests in a ward or parish were -commonly held, the chief watch-house in a parish. Middleton, Anything -for a Quiet Life, i. 1 (W. Camlet). - -=questmongers,= men who made a business of conducting inquiries, Bacon, -Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 192). ME. _questmongeres_ (P. Plowman, B. xix. -367). - -=questuary,= profitable, money-making. Middleton, Family of Love, v. 1 -(Glister); Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii, c. 13, § 4. L. -_quaestuarius_, relating to gain; _quaestus_, gain. - -=quetch, quitch,= to move, stir, wince; ‘He dare nat quytche’, -Palsgrave; ‘The Lads of Sparta of Ancient Time were wont to be Scourged -upon the Altar of Diana, without so much as Queching’, Bacon, Essay 39; -‘He could not move, nor quich at all’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 38; ‘They -dare not queatche’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 35. ME. _quytchyn_, -‘moveo’ (Prompt.); OE. _cweccan_, ‘movere’ (Matt. xxvii. 39). - -=quibible,= (perhaps) a pipe or whistle; ‘Time . . . to pype in a -quibyble’, Skelton, The Douty Duke of Albany, 389. - -=quiblin,= a trick. Eastward Ho, iii. (1 _or_ 2) (Security); B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iv. 1 (end); ‘A quirk or a quiblin’, id., Barth. Fair, i. -1 (Littlewit); id., Alchemist, iv. 4. 728 (Face). See Dict. (s.v. -Quibble). - -=quich;= see =quetch.= - -=quiddit,= a subtle shift, law-trick. Hamlet, v. 1. 107 (fol.); Heywood, -The Fair Maid, v. 2. 3. - -=quiddle,= to trifle, to discourse in a trifling way; ‘Set out your -bussing base, and we will quiddle upon it’, Damon and Pithias; in -Hazlitt, iv. 81. In common prov. use from Worc. to Cornwall in the sense -of acting in a fussy manner about trifles; see EDD. (s.v. Quiddle, -vb.^{1}). - -=quight;= see =quite.= - -=quile;= see =quoil=(=e==.= - -=quillet,= a sly trick, cavil. L. L. L. iv. 3. 288; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iv. 1. 16. - -=quillity,= a quibble, cavil. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 75. Cp. -Ital. _quilità_, _quillità_, ‘a quillity’ (Florio). - -=quinch,= to stir, to wince, flinch, start. Spenser, View of the State -of Ireland, p. 670, col. 1 (Globe edition). _Not a quinch_, not a start, -not a jot, ‘I care not a quinche’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 28. - -=quintell;= ‘A Quintaine or Quintell, a game in request at marriages, -when Jac and Tom, Dic, Hob and Will, strive for the gay garland’, -Minsheu, Ductor; Herrick, A Pastorall Sung to the King, 4; _quintil_, -Quarles, Sheph. Orac. vi (NED.). - -=quip,= to taunt. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; to assail with sarcasm, -Greene, Verses from Cicero, 5, ed. Dyce, p. 311; to be sarcastic, Lyly, -Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 206). - -=quire,= a throng, company. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 48. See =quere.= - -†=quirily,= quiveringly (?). Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 220. Not -found elsewhere. - -=quit,= to requite. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 5); Beaumont and -Fl., v. 1 (Antinous). See =quite.= - -=quitch;= see =quetch.= - -=quite, quight,= to free, release. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 10; to repay, -requite, id., i. 10. 67; _quite_, id., i. 1. 30; i. 8. 26, 27; i. 10. -15, 37. ME. _quyte_, to requite, repay (Chaucer); see Dict. M. and S. -Med. L. _quietare_, _quitare_, ‘pacificare, dimittere’; _quietus_, -_quitus_, ‘absolutus, liber’ (Ducange). - - =quite-claim,= to acquit, free. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 14. - -=quittance,= to requite, repay. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 14; Greene, Orl. Fur. -ii. 1 (499); Sacripant (p. 95, col. 2). - -=quitter-bone,= an ulcer on the coronet of a horse’s foot. B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘_Sete_, the quitter-bone; a round and -hard swelling upon the cornet (between the heel and quarter) of a -horse’s foot’, (Cotgrave). - -=quitture,= a purulent discharge from a wound or sore. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xiv. 7; xxiv. 374. ME. _quytere_ (Wyclif, Job ii. 8); _whytowre_ -(Prompt.). Anglo-F. _quyture_ (Bozon), OF. _cuiture_, smarting, matter -from a boil; _cuire_, to smart, lit. to cook, roast, &c.; L. _coquere_. - -=quiver,= active, quick, rapid. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 301; Turbervile, The -Lover to Cupid, st. 18; _quiverly_, actively, Gillespie, Eng. Pop. -Cerem. (NED.). OE. _cwiferlīce_, actively. - -=quoil=(=e,= a noisy disturbance, a ‘coil’. R. Harvey, Pl. Perc. (ed. -1860, p. 30); Culpepper, Eng. Physic, 255; _quile_, Lord Cromwell, i. 1. -7. See NED. (s.v. Coil, sb.^{2}). - -=quondam,= once upon a time; hence, one who has formerly held an office, -one who has ceased to perform duties; ‘He wyll haue euerye man a quondam -as he is; as for my quondamshyp’, &c, Latimer, 4 Sermon bef. King, ed. -Arber, p. 108. L. _quondam_, formerly. - -=quook,= quaked; _pt. t._ of _quake_. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 6. 30. ME. -_quok_, quaked (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1576); but the regular pt. t. is -_quaked_(_e_ (P. Plowman, B. xviii. 246); OE. _cwacode_, pt. t. of -_cwacian_. - -=quote,= to note, set down in writing. L. L. L. ii. 246; Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, iv. 1 (Petronius). - -=quoth, quoathe,= to faint; ‘He, quothing as he stood’, Golding, Metam. -v. 71; fol. 56 (1603); vii. 859; fol. 92. See =coath.= - -=quot-quean,= see =cot-quean.= - -=quoying,= ‘coying’, blandishing; ‘Were they living to heare our newe -quoyings . . . they would tearme it (the old wooing) foolish’ (Lyly, -Euphues, ed. Arber, 277). See =coy.= - - - - - R - - -=rabate, rabbate,= to rebate, remit, take away; ‘I rabate a porcyon’, -Palsgrave, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, ch. 25 (ed. Arber, p. 310); -_rabbate_, diminution, Puttenham, iii. ch. 11; p. 173. F. ‘_rabatre_, to -abate, remit, give back’ (Cotgr.). See =rebate= (2). - -=rabbit-sucker,= a very young rabbit; one that still sucks. 1 Hen. IV, -ii. 4. 480; Lyly, Endimion, v. 2 (Sir Tophas). - -=rabbling,= disorderly; ‘Rabbling wretch!’, Appius and Virginia, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 143. See NED. - -=rablement,= a rabble, noisy crowd. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 8. - -=race,= to rase, scrape. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 108, 118; Chapman, tr. -of Iliad, iv. 158; to tear, to tear away, Morte Arthur, leaf 36, back, -1; bk. i, c. 23; to slash, tear violently, id., leaf 119, back, 22; bk. -vii, c. 17; to erase, to alter a writing by erasure, ‘This indenture is -raced’, Palsgrave. See NED. (s.v. Race, vb.^{3}). - -=rache;= see =ratch.= - -=rack,= a neck of mutton. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Lyly, Mother -Bombie, iii. 4 (Dromio); How a Man may choose, iii. 3 (Aminadab). In -prov. use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). - -=rack,= a mass of driving clouds. Hamlet, ii. 3. 506. Also, as vb., to -drift, to move as a driving cloud; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 27; Edw. III, ii. -1. 4; Dryden, Three Political Prologues, ii. 33. - -=rack,= to move quickly; said of deer and horses; ‘His rain-deer, -racking with proud and stately pace’, Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory (ed. -Dyce, p. 562). Cp. Swed. dial. _rakka_, to go quickly, to run hither and -thither (Rietz). - -=rack and manger, at,= with plenty of food, in the midst of abundance, -in luxury; ‘Kept at rack and manger’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. viii, -ch. 41, st. 46. The phrase, ‘To live at rack and manger’ (i.e. to live -with heedless extravagance), is in common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. -Rack, sb.^{5} 16 (2)). - -=rad,= agreed upon after consultation; ‘Which judgement strayt was rad’, -Mirror for Mag., Northfolke, st. 21. Pp. of _rede_, to take counsel -together. See NED. (s.v. Rede, vb.^{1} 5). See =rede.= - -=raft,= reft, bereft. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Aug., 14. See NED. (s.v. -Reave, vb.^{1}). - -=ragman-roll,= a list, catalogue; ‘I did what I cowde Apollo to rase out -of her ragman rollis’, Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 1490. ME. _rolle of -ragman_, a catalogue, Towneley Myst. xxx. 224; _rageman_, the name of a -game of chance played with a written roll having strings attached to the -various items contained in it, one of which the player selected or -‘drew’ at random; see Gower, C. A. viii. 2379, and the interesting note -by G. C. Macaulay; _rageman_, the name given to a statute (4 Edward I), -appointing justices to hear and determine complaints of injuries done -within 25 years previous; see NED. (s.v. Ragman, 2). - -=ragmans rew,= a rhapsody, rigmarole; ‘A ragmans rewe . . . So do we -call a long jeste that railleth on any persone by name’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., 245; a list, ‘Ragmanrew, _series_’, Levins, Manip. - -=rahate,= ‘to rate’, scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, §§ 22, 34. - -=raile, rayle,= to roll, flow, trickle. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 43; ii. 8. -37; Visions of Bellay, 155; Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, iv. 74. - -=railed,= fastened in a row; ‘Railed in ropes, like a team of horses in -a cart’, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 130); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, -iii. 1 (Oxford). OF. _reiller_; L. _regulare_, to put in order. - -=rain, rean,= a furrow between the ridges in a field. Spelt _raine_, -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 13. 7; _rayne_, id., 7. 20; _reane_, id., 21. -15. In general prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Rean). Icel. _rein_, a narrow -strip of land, esp. one left unploughed between fields. - -=raine, rayne,= realm, dominion; also region. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 28; -id., iii. 4. 49; vi. 2. 9. See Dict. (s.v. Reign). - -=rakehell,= a thorough scoundrel; a debauchee or rake; ‘The King of -rake-hells’, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, p. 165); ‘_Vaultneant_, -_pendart_, _pendereau_, a rakehel, a rascal that wil be hangd’, -Nomenclator, 1585 (Nares); ‘_Pendard_, a rake-hell, crack-rope, -gallow-clapper’, Cotgrave. - -=rakel,= impetuous, headstrong; ‘Rakyl, _insolens_’, Levins, Manip.; -‘Rackle’ (or ‘Rakel’) is in common prov. use in the north country in the -sense of rash, violent, headstrong (EDD.). ME. _rakel_, rash, hasty -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 1067; iii. 1437). - -=ramage,= said of hawks: having left the nest and begun to fly from -branch to branch; hence, wild, untamed, shy; said also of animals and -persons; ‘Take a sperhauke ramage’, Caxton, G. de la Tour, A viii -(NED.); Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 10. Norm. F. -_ramage_, ‘sauvage, farouche’ (Moisy); Rom. type, _ramaticum_, deriv. of -L. _ramus_, a branch. - -=ramp,= a bold vulgar girl. Middleton and Dekker, Roaring Girl, iii. 3 -(Trapdoor); Cymbeline, i. 6. 134; Lyly, Sapho, iii. 2 (Song). - -=ramp,= to creep or crawl on the ground; see NED. ME. _rampe_: ‘A litel -Serpent . . . Which rampeth’ (Gower, C. A. vi. 2230). F. _ramper_, ‘to -creep, crawl’ (Cotgr.). - -=ramp,= to raise the forepaws in the air (usually said of lions); ‘A -rampynge and roarynge lyon’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 13 (so in -Prayer Book); ‘The ramping lion’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 2. 13. ME. _rampe_; ‘He -goth rampende as a leoun’ (Gower, C. A. vii. 2573). Anglo-F. _ramper_; -‘lioun rampant’ (Gower, Mirour, 2267). See =raump.= - -=rampallian,= a ruffian, scoundrel; a term of abuse. Beaumont and Fl., -Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Orleans); City Gallant, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, xi. 197; applied to a woman, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 65; S. Rowlands, -Greenes Ghost (NED.). - -=rampier,= a ‘rampart’, protecting bank of earth. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 165). Hence, _rampired_, fortified, Timon, v. 4. 47. See Dict. - -=rampion,= a species of bell-flower, _Campanula Rapunculus_. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 40. 12; Drayton, Pol. xx. 60. F. _raiponce_, ‘rampions’ -(Cotgr.). The _s_ of _rampions_ has been taken for the plural _s_, and -accordingly dropped. - -=ranch,= to tear, to cut. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, v. 856; Drayton, tr. of -Aeneid, xi. 1184. ‘Ranch’ in E. Anglia means to scratch deeply and -severely (EDD.). - -=rand,= a strip or slice of meat; ‘Rands and sirloins’, Fletcher, -Wildgoose Chase, v. 2 (Belleur); ‘_Giste de bœuf_, a rand of beef, a -longe and fleeshy peece, cut out from between the flanke and buttock’ -(Cotgrave). Still in use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Rand, sb.^{1} 6). - -=randon:= in phr. _at randon_, with rushing force. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. -7; Shep. Kal., May, 46. OF. _randon_, force, impetuosity, the swiftness -of a violent stream; hence F. _aller à grand randon_, ‘to go very fast’ -(Cotgr.). See =raundon.= - -=randon,= to go about at will. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Arostus); ii. -chorus, 2. F. ‘_randonner_, to run swiftly, violently’ (Cotgr.); see H. -Estienne, Précellence, 187. - -=rangle,= to rove, to wander. Mirror for Mag., Burdet, st. 36; -Turbervile, The Lover to a Gentlewoman, st. 2. Cp. the Somerset phrase -‘a rangle common’, see EDD. (s.v. Rangle, vb.^{2} 2). - -=rank,= strongly, furiously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6; iv. 5. 33. In -Cheshire a wasp’s nest is said to be ‘rank’, where the wasps are -numerous and angry (EDD.). ME. _rank_, froward (Havelok, 2561). OE. -_ranc_, renders the Vulgate ‘protervum’ (Ælfric, Deut. xxi. 18). - -=ranpick,= partially decayed, bare of leaves. Drayton, Pol. ii. 205; -Barnfield, Affect. Sheph. 27 (NED.). In Cheshire ‘rampick’ (in Warw. -‘ranpike’) means a tree beginning to decay at the top; a young tree -stripped of boughs and bark (EDD.). - -=rap,= to affect with rapture, to transport, ravish with joy. Cymbeline, -i. 6. 51; B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, i. 1. A back-formation -from =rapt= (1). - -=rap and rend,= to snatch up and seize, to take by force, acquire. -Dryden, Prol. to Disappointment, 54; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 789; _rappe and -rende_, Roy, Rede Me (ed. Arber, 74). ME. _rape and renne_ (Chaucer, C. -T. G. 1422). See EDD. (s.v. Rap, vb.^{3} (1) and (5)), and Dict. (s.v. -Rap, 2). - -=rapt,= caught up (like Elijah). Milton, P. L. iii. 522; vii. 23; -affected with ecstasy, Macbeth, i. 3. 57 (and 142); Spenser, F. Q. iv. -9. 6. L. _raptus_, seized, snatched. - -=rapt,= to carry away, to transport, enrapture. Daniel, Civil War, vii. -96; Drayton, Pol. xiii. 411; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 84; -Sylvester, Du Bartas, ii. 4. 1. The verb is formed from the pp., see -above. - -=rapture,= the act of carrying off as prey or plunder; ‘Spite of all the -rapture of the sea’, Pericles, ii. 1. 161; the condition of being -carried onward, ‘Our Ship . . . ’gainst a Rocke . . . her keele did dash -With headlong rapture’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xiv. 428; the act of -carrying off a woman, Dekker, Fortunatus (Wks., ed. 1873, i. 151). - -=rare,= early. ‘Rare and late’, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 422. Still -in prov. use in the south and south-west counties, see EDD. adj.^{2}. -See =rear.= - -=rascal,= a lean deer not fit to hunt. As You like It, iii. 3. 58; -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 5 (Ralph); Turbervile, -Hunting, c. 28; p. 73. See Nares. - -=rash,= to strike like a boar, with a glancing stroke, to tear with -violence. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Fastidious Brisk); -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 17. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{2} 1). - -=rash,= to tear, pull, drag. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv, l. 826; Dryden, -tr. of Aeneid, ix. 1094. See NED. (s.v. Rash, vb.^{3}). - -=ratch,= a dog that hunts by scent. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 592. Still in -use in the north country, see EDD. sb.^{4}. ME. _ratche_, hownde, -odorinsecus’ (Prompt.). OE. _ræce_ (B. T.); related to Icel. _rakki_, a -dog. - -=ratches,= a mass of scudding clouds; ‘From all the heauen the ratches -flies’, Phaer, Aeneid v, 821 (L. _nimbi_). - -=rathe,= early; ‘The rathe morning’, Drayton, Robert, Duke of Normandy, -8; Milton, Lycidas, 142; ‘The rather lambs’ (i.e. the lambs born in the -earlier part of the year), Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 83; _rathe_, soon, -id., Dec, 98; ‘All to rathe’ (all too soon). Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover -waileth (Wks., ed. Bell, 98). Still in use in various parts of the -British Isles (EDD.). ME. _rathe_, early, soon; _rather_, sooner, more -willingly (Chaucer). OE. _hræð_, quick, _hraðe_, quickly. - -=raught,= reached; _pt. t._ and _pp._ of _to reach_. L. L. L. iv. 2. 41; -Hen. V, iv. 6. 21; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 43. Still in prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Reach, vb.^{1} 3). - -=raump,= to ramp, rear up; said of a lion. Morte Arthur, leaf 170. 30; -bk. ix, c. 1. See =ramp= (3). - -=raundon,= force, violence, impetuosity, great haste. Morte Arthur, leaf -55. 37; bk. iii, c. 9; id., leaf 338. 15; bk. xvi, c. 8. See =randon.= - -=raven:= in phr. _raven’s bone_, the gristle on the ‘spoon’ of the -brisket of a deer; given to the crows. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 -(Robin). Also called _raven’s morsel_, Turbervile, Hunting, 42. 129. - -=ravin,= to snatch with violence, to devour greedily; Meas. for M. i. 2. -133; Cymbeline, i. 6. 49; BIBLE, Gen. xlix. 27; Ps. xvii. 12, margin; -‘_Rapinare_, to ravin, to rob, to snatch’ (Florio); _raven_, to have a -ravenous appetite for, Dryden, Hind and P., iii. 964; id., Wild Gallant, -iv. 2; _ravine_, prey, booty, ‘The Lion . . . filled his holes with -pray, and his dens with ravine’, Nahum ii. 12 (Vulgate, _rapina_); -ravenous, ‘I met the ravin lion’, All’s Well, iii. 2. 120. See Dict. -(s.v. Raven, 2). - -=ray,= ‘array’, due order. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 50; v. 11, 34; an array, -line, rank, ‘Thirteen rayes of horsemen’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., -Alexander, § 5. See Dict. (s.v. Array). - -=ray,= to defile. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 40; vi. 4. 23; Tam. Shrew, iii. -2. 54. For _araye_; ‘I araye or fyle with myer, _j’emboue_’, Palsgrave. -‘Ray’ is still in use in Lanc. and Yorks. in this sense, cp. the -proverb, ‘It’s an ill bird that rays its own nest.’ - -=ray, cloth of,= a kind of striped cloth. Peele, Edw. I. (ed. Dyce, p. -390, col. 2). Cp. F. _raie_, a streak, stripe; O. Prov. _rega_, ‘sillon’ -(Levy); Med. L. _riga_, a stripe, _rigatus_, striped (Ducange). See -=rockray.= - -=rayon,= a ray, beam. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, Pt. II, st. 2, 1. 7. -F. _rayon_, a ray. - -=raze,= to slash, slit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 288; Turbervile, Trag. T., 279 -(NED.). - -=read;= see =rede.= - -=reading,= advice. Field, Woman a Weathercock, i. 1 (Nevill). See -=rede.= - -=ready:= in phr. _to make ready_, to dress oneself; ‘You made yourself -half ready in a dream’, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella); -‘She must do nothing of herself, not eat . . . make her ready, unready, -Unless he bid her’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio). See -=unready.= - -=reaks, reeks,= pranks, riotous practices. Gascoigne, Looks of a Lover -forsaken, 13 (Works, i. 49); Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 (Clown); -Urquhart’s Rabelais, iii. 2; ‘_Faire le Diable de Vauvert_, to play -monstrous reaks’, Cotgrave (s.v. Diable); ‘The heart of man in prayer is -most bent to play reakes in wandering from God’, Boyd, Last Battel, 731 -(Jamieson). ‘Reak’ (or ‘reik’) is an old Scottish word for a trick or -prank. See =rex.= - -=re-allie,= to form (plans) again. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 23. - -=realm,= region; pron. like _ream_ (of paper), and quibbled upon. B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum. v (Clement); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 -(Ithamore). - -=reame,= a kingdom, realm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53; iv. 8. 45; Daniel, -Civil Wars, i. 82; _reme_, Skelton, Against the Scottes, 156. ME. -_reame_ (P. Plowman, A. v. 146); _reme_ (Chaucer), Anglo-F. _realme_ -(Rough List); see Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Rewme). - -=reaming,= stretching out in threads; ‘Reaming wooll’, Herrick, Widdowes -Teares, st. 5. Cp. ‘reamy’, stringy, used of bread, in the west country, -see EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 6 (2)). - -=rear,= early. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Lolpoop). A Kentish -pronunciation of _rare_. See EDD. (s.v. Rare, adj. 2). See =rare.= - -=rear,= insufficiently cooked. Middleton, Game at Chess, iv. 2. 21. In -gen. prov. use in England and America (EDD.). OE. _hrēr_, half-cooked, -underdone (Sweet). - -=reare,= to lift; hence, to carry off, take away. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. -6. Also, to direct upwards, Milton, P. R. ii. 285. - -=reasty,= rancid, esp. used of bacon which has become yellow and -strong-tasting through bad curing. _Reastie_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 20. -2. OF. _resté_, that which is left over, hence, stale, cp. Bibbesworth, -in T. Wright’s Vocab., 155: _chars restez_ = E. _resty flees_ (i.e. -reasty flesh). _Reasty_ is still in general prov. use in England (EDD.). - -=rebate,= to beat back. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 87; iii. 2 (884); p. 90, -col. 2; p. 101, col. 1. F. _rabatre_ (Cotgr.). - -=rebate,= to blunt. Meas. for M. i. 4. 60; Otway, Don Carlos, iii. 1 -(King); Chapman, tr. Iliad, xxiv. 585; Dryden, Pal. and Arc. iii. 502. -See =rabate.= - -=rebato, rabato,= a collar-band, or ruff, which turned back upon the -shoulders. Much Ado, iii. 4. 6; Dekker, Satiromastix (Works, 1873, i. -186); B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Phantaste); ‘_Porte-fraise_, a -Rebato or supporter for a Ruffe’, Cotgrave (ed. 1611). _Rebato-wire_, a -wire for stiffening a ‘rebato’, Yorkshire Tragedy, i. 32; Heywood, A -Woman killed, v. 2. 8. F. _rabat_, ‘a Rabatoe for a woman’s ruff, also, -a falling band’ (Cotgr.). - -=rebeck,= an early form of the fiddle. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 20, § 11; Milton, L’Allegro, 94. O. Prov. _rebec_, also _rebeb_ -(Levy). See Dict. - -=rebeck,= to beckon back, recall, reclaim; said of a hawk. Heywood, A -Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Charles). - -=rebelling,= a ‘ravelin’ (in a quibble). Heywood, Eng. Traveller, ii. 1 -(Clown). Span. _rebellin_, a ‘ravelin’ in fortification (Stevens). See -Dict. - -=reboil,= to bubble up again. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § -10; _reboyled_, made to boil again; Skelton (ed. Dyce, vol. i, p. 209). -F. ‘_rebouiller_, to boil once more; _rebouillonner_, to bubble’ -(Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. _rebullire_, ‘recandescere’ (Ducange). - -=receit,= a place of refuge, alcove. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iv. 413; -recess, haven, id., x. 122; a recess, place of ambush; Bacon, Hen. VII -(ed. Lumby, p. 154). Anglo-F. _recet_, place of resort (Rough List); O. -Prov. _recet_, ‘lieu où l’on se retire, retraite’ (Levy); Med. L. -_receptum_ (Ducange). See =recheat.= - -=rechate,= the calling together of the hounds in hunting. Malory, -Arthur, x. 52. As vb., to blow a ‘rechate’, to call together the hounds. -Drayton, Pol. xiii. 122; Turbervile, Hunting, xl. 114 (NED.). OF. -_rachater_ (_racheter_); L. _re_ + Med. L. _accaptare_ (Ducange); see -NED. (s.v. Achate, vb.). - -=recheat,= the series of notes sounded on the horn for calling the -hounds together, Much Ado, i. 1. 251; Davenant, Gondibert, ii. 37. -Anglo-F. and OF. (Picard), _rechet_, a retreat, hence, a note of -retreat; O. Prov. _recet_, ‘retraite’ (Levy). See =receit.= - -=recheles,= reckless, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, 7. 8. OE. _reccelēas_. See -=retchless.= - -=rechlessness,= carelessness, recklessness, B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. -1; Article of Religion, 17 (in modern Prayer Books misspelt -_wretchlessness_). ME. _recchelesnesse_ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 611). - -=reclaim,= to call back; _reclayme_, Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 9; a term in -falconry, ‘I reclayme a hauke of her wyldnesse’, Palsgrave; to tame, -Romeo, iv. 2. 47. Cp. F. ‘_reclame_, a Sohoe or Heylaw; a loud calling, -whooting or whooping, to make a Hawk stoop unto the Lure’ (Cotgr.). - -=record,= to sing, to warble; applied esp. to the singing of birds. Two -Gent. v. 4. 6; Pericles, iv, Gower; Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, ii. -1; Browne, Brit. Past. ii. 4. As sb. = =recorder= (see below), -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 142. - -=recorder,= a kind of flageolet or small flute, so named because birds -were taught to ‘record’ by it. Hamlet, iii. 2. 303. See Nares. - -=recoure,= to regain, win again. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 25; ‘I recure, I -get agayne’, Palsgrave. - -=recoyle;= see =recule.= - -=recrayed,= recreant; ‘He was a recrayd knyght’, Skelton, Against the -Scottes, Epilogue, 26; A Replicacion, 45. Norm. F. _recreire_, ‘se -dédire’ (Moisy); O. Prov. _se recreire_, ‘s’avouer vaincu’ (Levy); Med. -L. _recredere_, to surrender oneself, as being defeated (Ducange). - -=recreance,= _Letters of Recreance_, Letter from the Earl of Sunderland -to Robert Harley, Dec. 31, 1705, see N. and Q. 11 S. vii. 505. F. -‘_Lettres de récréance_, qui se dit, soit des lettres qu’un Prince -envoie à son Ambassadeur, pour les présenter au Prince d’auprès duquel -il le rappelle; soit des lettres que ce Prince donne à un Ambassadeur, -afin qu’il les rende à son retour au Prince qui le rappelle’, Dict. de -l’Acad., 1762; ‘_Recreance_, a restoral, restitution; also, a delivery -of possession’ (Cotgr.). Cp. O. Prov. _recrezensa_, ‘désistement’ -(Levy). - -=recule,= to retire, go back. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 68; ‘I recule, I go -back, _je recule_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 47; Gascoigne, -Fruites of Warre, st. 108; _recoyle_, to retreat. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. -17; _recuile_, id., vi. 1. 20. See Dict. (s.v. Recoil). - -†=recullisance,= a corrupt form of _recognisance_. Middleton, Mich. -Term, iii. 4 (Shortyard). See =cullisen.= - -=recure,= to restore to health and vigour. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 44; 9. -2; 10. 24; as sb., recovery, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, i. 436; xviii. 60; -Sackville, Induction, st. 49. Hence, _recureless_, without recovery, not -to be recovered from, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 446; irrecoverable; -Greene, James IV, ii. 2 (987; Nano). - -=recuyell,= a collection; ‘The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye’ (the -title of Caxton’s book); spelt _recule_, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -1187. Also, a reception, welcome, ‘The grete recuel that I have doon’, -Caxton, Eneydos, xviii. 66. F. ‘_recueil_, a collection, also, a -reception, welcome’ (Cotgr.); ‘_recueil_, accueil’ (Estienne). - -=red.= _Red lattice_, a lattice-window painted red, to distinguish an -ale-house. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 86; cp. Merry Wives, ii. 2. 28. - -=rede, read,= to advise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 17; id., Mother Hub. 114; -to discern, estimate, to take for something, Spenser, Ruins of Time, -633; id., F. Q. ii. 12. 70; vi. 2. 30. As sb. _rede_, counsel, advice. -Hamlet, i. 3. 51. ME. _rede_, to advise; _reed_, _rede_, advice -(Chaucer); OE. _rǣdan_; _rǣd_ (Sweet). See =rad.= - -=redintegrate,= restored to a perfect state. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 42). L. _redintegratus_. - -=Red-shanks,= a name applied to the Gaelic inhabitants of the Scottish -Highlands and of Ireland, in allusion to the colour of the bare legs -reddened by exposure; ‘Scottes and Reddshankes’, Spenser, State Ireland -(Globe ed., 658, col. 2). [‘The red-shanks of Ireland’, Smollett, Humph. -Clinker (Davies).] - -=redub, redoub,= to repair, amend, requite. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. -i, c. 7, § 2; ‘O gods, redub them vengeaunce just’, Phaer, tr. of -Virgil, bk. vi; Udall, tr. of Apoph., p. xvi, line 27; Socrates, § 47. -Anglo-F. _redubber_, F. ‘_radouber_, to peece, mend’ (Cotgr.). - -=reduce,= to bring back, recover. Shirley, Hyde Park, v. 1 (Mis. Carol); -Court Secret, i. 1 (Manuel); Sackville, Induction, st. 9; Hen. V, v. 2. -63; Rich. III, v. 3. 36. L. _reducere_. - -=reek,= a rick, stack. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Dryden, -Meleager (from Ovid), l. 35. ‘Reek’ is the prov. pronunc. of rick in -many parts of England, as well as in Ireland (EDD.). OE. _hrēac_, a -hayrick. - -=reeke,= seaweed. Golding, Metam. xiv. 38 (L. _algae_). ME. _wreke_, of -the sea, ‘alga’ (Prompt.). Icel. _reki_ (_vreki_), seaweed drifted -ashore. - -=reere,= a loud noise, a shout. Golding, Metam. xiii. 876; fol. 165, l. -1 (1603); ‘Such a reare of thunder fell’, Hudson, Du Bartas, Judith, ii -(NED. s.v. Rear). ME. _rere_, noise (R. Brunne, Chron. Wace, 10207). See -NED. (s.v. Reere). - -=reez’d,= rancid, as bacon. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 112. -ME. _reest_, as flesche, ‘rancidus’ (Prompt.). See NED. (s.v. Reesed). - -=refel, refell,= to refute. Meas. for M. v. 1. 94; Lyly, Alexander, ii. -2 (Alex.). L. _refellere_. - -=reflect,= to turn back. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ix. 190. L. _reflectere_ -(Cicero). - -=refocillation,= a restorative. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 2 (Pen. -B.). L. _refocillare_, to warm into life again; often used in the -Vulgate for the reviving of the spirit: ‘Reversus est spiritus ejus, et -refocillatus est’, 1 Reg. xxx. 12 (1 Sam. xxx. 12). - -=reformado,= a disbanded soldier; an officer left without a command -(owing to the ‘reforming’ or disbanding of his company), but retaining -his rank and receiving full or half pay; ‘A reformado saint’, Butler, -Hud. ii. 2. 116; ‘The reformado soldier’, id., ii. 2. 648; B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. Span. _reformado_, an officer on half-pay; -from _reformar_, to reduce in number; hence of troops, to discharge, -disband (cp. Calderon, El Alcalde de Zalamea, ii. 33). See Stanford. - -=refuse me,= may God reject me; once a very fashionable oath; ‘These -wicked elder brothers, that swear refuse them’, Rowley, a Match at -Midnight, i. 1 (Tim); ‘God refuse me’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce, -p. 7, col. 2 (Flamineo). - -=regals,= _pl._, a small portable organ with one or two sets of -reed-pipes played with one hand, while the other worked a small bellows. -Puttenham, Eng. Poesie (ed. Arber, p. 79); Bacon, Sylva, § 172. Norm. F. -_regales_, ‘espèce de petit orgue portatif’ (Moisy). - -=regalo,= a dainty, a choice bit; ‘Servants laden with regalos and -delicate choice Dainties’, Mabbe, tr. Life of Guzman, i. 1. 2; ‘Their -markets are well furnish’d with all Provisions; witness their _Salsicce_ -only, which are a _Regalo_ for a Prince’, R. Lassels, Voy. Italy (ed. -1698, p. 101); spelt (wrongly) _regalio_, Dryden, Wild Gallant, Epil., -12. Span. ‘_regálo_, a dainty; also, loving and kind entertainment; -_regalar_, to make much of, to treat daintily’ (Stevens). See Stanford. - -=regiment,= rule, sway, dominion. Ant. and Cl. iii. 6. 95; Marlowe, 1 -Tamburlaine, ii. 7. 19. ME. _regiment_ (Gower, C. A. vii. 915, 1245, -1702). Anglo-F. _regiment_ (Gower, Mirour, 2615). - -=regorge,= to swallow back again. Dryden, Sigismonda, 186. - -=regrater, regrator,= a retailer, retail dealer. _Regrators_, pl., -North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 15 (in Shak. Plut., p. 261); -_regrators_ of bread-corn, Tatler, no. 118, § 10 (1709-10). ME. -_regratere_ (P. Plowman, C. iv. 82; see Notes, p. 61); Anglo-F. -_regratier_ and _regratour_ (Rough List). Med. L. _regratarius_ and -_regratator_ (Ducange). - -=reguerdon,= requital, reward. 1 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 170; to reward, 1 Hen. -VI, iii. 4. 23. ME. _reguerdoun_ (Gower, C. A. v. 2368, as vb., iii. -2716). Anglo-F. _reguerdon_, reward, _reguerdoner_, to reward (Gower, -Balades, xii. 2; xxiii. 3). - -=relate,= to bring back again. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 51. - -=relent,= to slacken; ‘He would relent his pace’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. -27; iii. 4. 49; iii. 7. 2; slackening, v. 7. 24; vi. 5. 20. F. -‘_ralentir_, to slacken’ (Cotgr.). - -=relent,= to melt, to dissolve into water; ‘Se howe this snowe begynneth -to relent agaynst the sonne’, Palsgrave; to become soft, Tusser, -Husbandry, 63; to cause to melt, ‘Phebus dothe the snowe relente’, -Hawes, Conv. Swearers, xl; hence, _relentment_, dissolution, Sir T. -Browne, Urn Burial, i. § 7. Anglo-F. _se relenter_, to dissolve, melt -(Gower, Mirour, 6603). - -=relide;= see =rely.= - -=relief, releef,= a term in hunting, when the dogs follow a new and -unknown prey; ‘You must sound the releefe . . . your reliefe is your -sweetest note . . . when your hounds hunt after a game unknowne’, Return -from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). See Nares, and NED. (s.v. Relief, -sb.^{2} 7c). - -=reliv’d,= recalled to life, reanimated. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 52; iii. -8. 3; _relyv’d_, id., iii. 4. 35. - -=reluce, reluse,= to shine brightly. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 185. 12; -_reluysing_, brightness, id., leaf 225, back, 9. F. ‘_reluire_, to shine -. . . _reluisant_, shining, radiant’ (Cotgr.). - -=rely,= to assemble, gather (soldiers) together, to rally; ‘He gathered -his troopes, . . . he relieth the rankes’, Heywood, tr. Sal. Jug. War, -50 (NED.); ‘He caused them to stay and relie themselves’, Holinshed, -Scot. Chron. (NED.); to join oneself, ‘And Blandamour to Claribell -relide’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 26. ME. _rely_, to assemble, rally -soldiers (Barbour, Bruce, iii. 34). F. _relier_, to bind; L. _religare_. - -=reme,= to tear open; ‘Which seeme (as women use) to reme my hart, -Before I come to open all my smart’, Mirror for Mag., Irenglas, st. 25. -‘Ream’ is in prov. use in the west country; EDD. (s.v. Ream, vb.^{2} 2), -cites from Exmoor Scolding, 1746, ‘Chell ream my Heart to tha’ (i.e. -I’ll open my heart to thee). ME. _ryme_, to stretch (Wars Alex. 4931); -OE. _rȳman_, to make clear space, enlarge; _rūm_, space. - -=reme;= see =reame.= - -=remember,= to remind. Temp. i. 2. 243; Richard II, i. 3. 269; -_reflex._, to remember, ‘Now I remember me’, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 286; -Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxii. 27. - -=remembrance,= memento, love-token; ‘This was her first remembrance from -the Moor’, Othello, iii. 3. 291; iii. 4. 186; _to put in remembrance_, -to remind, BIBLE, Isaiah xliii. 26; 2 Peter i. 12. - -=remerce,= to ransom by paying the fine; ‘From Owen’s jayle our cosin we -remerst’, Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, st. 11. Cp. _amerce_, to -fine. - -=remercy,= to thank. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 16. F. _remercier_, to -thank. - -=remonstrance,= a representation, resemblance; ‘A remonstrance of this -battle, Where flowers shall seem to fight’, Shirley, Imposture, i. 2 -(Flaviano). F. ‘_remonstrer_, to shew unto, or set before the eyes’, -(Cotgr.); O. Prov. _remostrar_, ‘montrer, démontrer’ (Levy). - -=remora,= the sucking-fish, _Echeneis remora_. Spenser, Vis. of World’s -Vanity, ix. 10; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, ii. 1 (Polish). L. _remora_, -delay; the ancients believed that this fish could stay a ship’s course -by cleaving to it. - -=remord,= to bite in return, to feel remorse; ‘His conscience remording -agayne the destruction of so noble a prince’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, -bk. ii, c. 5, § 11; to blame, rebuke, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 983. ME. -_remorde_, to afflict with remorse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 1491). -Anglo-F. _remordre_, to bite, devour, move to repentance (Gower, Mirour, -386, 6679, 10397). - -=remorse,= sorrow, pity, compassion. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 6; Merch. -Ven. iv. 1. 20; Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, i. 1 (Constantius); -Milton, P. L. v. 566; regretful or remorseful remembrance of a thing, -Skelton, Knowledge, 29; _without remorse_, without intermission, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 131; ‘Without any mitigation or remorse of -voice’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 98. - -=rendy,= a ‘rendezvous’; a place of meeting; ‘Th’ appointed rendy’, -Drayton, Pierce Gaveston. For F. _rendez-vous_, a subst. use of -_rendez-vous_, the 2nd pers. plur. imperative of _se rendre_, to present -oneself (at a certain place). - -=reneague,= to deny, renounce. Udall, Paraph. Luke, Pref. 12; to make -denial, King Lear, ii. 2. 84; to refuse, decline, Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, iii. 650. In common prov. use in Ireland and in England in the -west country (EDD.). - -=renfierst,= made more fierce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 45. - -=renforst,= _pt. t._ reinforced himself, gathered his strength together. -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 14. As pp., forced again; id., ii. 10. 48. - -=renge,= a rank. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 177. 13; lf. 230, back, 29; -‘Renge, _ranc_’, Palsgrave. - -=renge,= to range, arrange. Caxton, Hist. Troye, fol. 98. 26; ‘I renge, -or set in array, _je arrengie_’, Palsgrave. - -=renowme,= ‘renown’. BIBLE, Gen. vi. 4, ed. 1611; ‘A man of great -renowme, _Illustris vir_’, Baret, Alvearie; Chapman, Iliad xxii, 186; -_renowmed_, ‘renowned’, BIBLE, Isaiah, xiv. 20; Ezek. xxiii. 23; Richard -III, i. 4. 49 (Qq.); ‘_Renommé_, renowmed, famous, of much note’, -Cotgrave. - -=rense,= to ‘rinse’. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 224. This is the -pronunc. of ‘_rinse_’ in many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Rench). -See Dict. - -=rent,= to rend, tear. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 215; Macb. iv. 3. 168; -‘_I rent_, I teare a thyng asonder’, Palsgrave. - -=renverst,= turned upside down. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 41; v. 3. 37. F. -_renverser_, to reverse. - -=reny,= to deny, refuse. _Renide_ (for _renied_), Mirror for Mag., -Guidericus, st. 22. See NED. (s.v. Renay, vb. 3). F. _renier_, to deny. - -=repeat,= to seek again. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 257; Tyrannic Love, -iii (Berenice); Waller, Summer Islands, iii. 64. L. _repetere_, to seek -again. - -=repent,= penance. Greene, Friar Bacon, v. 1 (1867); scene 14. 15 (W.); -p. 176, col. 1 (D.). Also, repentance, Greene, The Palmer’s Ode, 34 (ed. -Dyce, p. 295). - -=reprie, reprive,= to send back to prison, to remand; ‘They repryede me -to prison’, Heywood, Spider and Fly, lxxviii. 158; to reprieve, to -respite or rescue a person from impending punishment; esp. to delay the -execution of a condemned person, ‘I humbly crave your Majestie to . . . -my sonne reprive’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 31. First used in pp., -_repryed_, cp. Anglo-F. _repris_, pp. of _reprendre_, to take back. - -=repriefe,= reproof. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; iii. 8. 1. ME. _repreve_, -reproof (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2413). See =priefe.= - -=reprieve,= to blame, find fault with. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 21; ‘I -repreve one, _je reprouve_’, Palsgrave. ME. _repreve_ (Chaucer, C. T. H. -70); _reprevyn_, ‘reprehendo’ (Prompt.). - -=reprise, reprize,= reprisal, the act of taking something by way of -retaliation, Dryden, Hind and P. iii. 862. As vb., to take again, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 44. F. _reprise_, a getting something back again. - -=requile,= to ‘recoil’. Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 671. - -=require,= to seek after. Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 236; to ask, to ask -as a favour, Ant. and Cl. iii. 12. 12; Watson, Poems (ed. Arber, 159); -The Great Bible, 1539, Ps. xxxviii. 16; BIBLE, 2 Sam. xii. 20. L. -_requirere_. See Bible Word-Book. - -=rescous,= rescue, assistance, aid. Hall, Chron. Hen. IV, 23 (NED.); -Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 78. 31; Spelt _rescousse_, Caxton, Jason, 39 b -(NED.). ME. _rescous_, rescue, help (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2643); OF. -_rescousse_, ‘l’action de délivrer un prisonnier que l’ennemi emmène’) -(Didot). See Dict. M. and S. - -=rescussing,= a rescuing. Bacon, Adv. of Learning, xxiii. 32 (end). - -=resent,= to give off a scent, exhale an odour. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 221. -See NED. (s.v. Resent, vb. 10). - -=resiance,= a residence. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 119, 188); -Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 455, l. 7. See below. - -=resiant;= ‘resident’, lodged, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 28; ‘Here -_resiant_ in Rome’, B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 3 (Lentulus); _resyants_, -pl., Oxford Records, Dec., 1534 (ed. Turner, 123). Norm. F. _reseant_, -‘habitant’ (Moisy), L. _residentem_, pres. pt. of _residere_, to sit -down, to reside. - -=residence,= that which settles as a deposit, a residuum. B. Jonson, -Magnetic Lady, iii. 4 (Rut). - -=resipiscency,= a return to a better mind, repentance. Sir T. Browne, -Letter to a Friend, § 41. L. _resipiscentia_. - -=resolute,= decided, positive, final; ‘I expect now your resolute -answer’, Massinger, Picture, iv. 1. - -=resolution,= certainty, positive knowledge. King Lear, i. 2. 108; a -fixed determination, Ford, Broken Heart, i. 1. - -=resolve,= to dissolve, melt; ‘O! that this too too solid flesh would -melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew’, Hamlet, i. 2. 130; to free -from uncertainty, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 193; iv. 2. 226; to satisfy, -Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, iv. 1 (Antinous). - -=respasses,= raspberries. Herrick, To the most fair Mistris A. Soame, -20. For _resp-es-es_, _rasp-es-es_, a double plural. ‘Rasp’ is in prov. -use in various parts of the British Isles (EDD.). See Nares. - -=respective,= careful; ‘You should have been respective’, Merch. Ven. v. -1. 156; worthy of respect, Two Gent. iv. 4. 200; _respectively_, -respectfully, with due respect, Timon, iii. 1. 8; Middleton, Five -Gallants, ii. 1. - -=resplendish,= to shine. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 2, § 3. -OF. _resplendir_. See Croft’s note. - -=rest,= a musket-rest; ‘His rest? why, has he a forked head?’, B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Puntarvolo); because the -musket-rest was semicircular; ‘Like a musket on a rest’, Middleton, -Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.). - -=rest,= ‘in primero, the stakes kept in reserve, which were agreed upon -at the beginning of the game, and upon the loss of which the game -terminated; the venture of such stakes’ (NED.); ‘The money he had duly -won upon a rest’, Cotton, Espernon, i. 4. 156; _fig._, ‘When I cannot -live any longer, I will do as I may: That is my rest’, Hen. V, ii. 1. 17 -(Corporal Nym means, this is what I stand to win or lose). Phr. _to set -up one’s rest_, ‘to venture one’s final stake or reserve’ (NED.); hence, -_fig._, to take a decisive resolution, to be determined, ‘I have set up -my rest to run away’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 110; ‘He that sets up his rest -to do more exploits’, Com. Errors, iv. 3. 27; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, -iv. 3 (Alvarez); to place one’s fixed aim in something, ‘He seems to set -up his rest in this plenty, and the neatness of his house’, Pepys, -Diary, Jan. 19, 1663. See Nares. - -=rest,= to ‘arrest’. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 11. 4 (Brainworm); -‘I reste as a sergente dothe a prisoner or his goodes, _je arreste_’, -Palsgrave. In common Scottish use, see EDD. (s.v. Rest, vb.^{2} 3). - -=rest,= a ‘wrest’, a pin for winding up the strings of a harp, &c. -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 137; _wrest_, to wind up, id., Colyn Cloute, 492. - -=rest-balk,= a ridge of land left unploughed between two furrows. -Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 4. 4. - -=resty,= inert, loath to move, sluggish, Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 263; -Cymbeline, iii. 6. 34; _resty stiff_, Edward III, iii. 3. 161. The same -word as ‘restive’ (‘restiff’). Anglo-F. _restif_ (Ch. Rol., 1256). See -Trench, Select Glossary; and Dict. (s.v. Restive). - -=retchless,= reckless, careless. Drayton, Pol. vi. 270; Sackville, -Induction, st. 46. See =recheles.= - -=retire,= a retreat in war. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 54; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 21; -withdrawal from the world, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 27. - -=retrait, retrate,= picture, portrait; look, expression. Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 9. 4; ii. 3. 25. Cp. Span. and Port. _retrato_, a portrait, Ital. -_ritratto_. - -=retray,= _reflex_, to draw back; ‘He retrayed him’, Morte Arthur, leaf -115, back, 29; bk. vii, c. 12. F. _retraire_, ‘to withdraw, draw back’ -(Cotgr.); L. _retrahere_. - -=retrieve:= phr. _to bring to the retrieve_, to make the hawk return to -the lure. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock). - -=revault;= see =revolt.= - -=reverb,= to resound, re-echo. King Lear, i. 1. 156. Cp. L. -_reverberare_, to reverberate. - -=reverberate,= to burn in a furnace in which the heat was continually -driven back upon the substance operated upon. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle). - -=reverence:= in phr. _save reverence_, used apologetically in -introducing some remark that might offend the hearer. Romeo, i. 4. 42; -‘Be it spoken with save the reverence of all women’, Harington, Metam. -Ajax (NED.). Also, _saving reverence_, ‘Who, saving your reverence, is -the divell himselfe’, Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 27. See Nares (s.v. -Save-reverence). - -=revoke,= to recall, give up. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 517). - -=revolt,= to turn back. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25; spelt _revault_, to -withdraw (words), Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iii. 4 (Philip); -_revolt_, pp. withdrawn, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 1; as sb. a rebel, -deserter, King John, v. 2. 151. See NED. - -=rew,= a row. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 17, 35; Fairfax, Tasso, xvii. 75. -The pronunc. of ‘row’ in the south and south-west of England (EDD.). ME. -_rewe_ (Chaucer), OE. _rǣw_ (Sweet). - -=rex:= phr. _to play rex_, to play pranks; understood in the sense of, -to play the lord, to domineer (as if from L. _rex_, king; due to a -popular etymology); ‘To play such _Rex_’, (i.e. such pranks); Spenser, -State of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 659, col. 2); ‘With those did Hercules -play _rex_’ (i.e. played the master), Warner, Alb. England, bk. i, ch. -6, st. 47. See =reaks.= - -=rheumatic,= suffering from catarrh or rheum, characterized by rheum. -Venus and Adonis, 135; Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 105; also, Fletcher, Nice -Valour, ii. 1 (Lady). - -=rhino,= money (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). - -=rhinocerical,= resembling a rhinoceros; huge, large; as a slang term, -of large means, wealthy, rich, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Shamwell). See NED. - -=riband.= A riband was sometimes worn in the ear, as a favour; ‘He that -bought the halfpenny riband, wearing it in his ear, swearing it was the -Duchess of Milan’s favour’, Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Meletza). -_Ribanded ears_, id., Scourge of Villainy, 167. - -=ribaudrie,= ribaldry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 76; hence, -_ribaudred_, profligate, Ant. and Cl. iii. 10. 10. ME. _ribaudrie_ (P. -Plowman, C. i. 45). Anglo-F. _ribaudrie_ (Rough List). - -=ribibe,= an opprobrious term for an old woman, ‘vetula’, prop. a kind -of fiddle, ‘vitula’. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 1 (Pug); _rybybe_, -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 492. It is probable that both Skelton and Jonson -took this use of the word from Chaucer (C. T. D. 1377). - -=ribskin,= a leathern apron worn during the process of _ribbing_ or -scraping flax. Spelt _rybskyn_, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 299. - -=rid,= to remove with violence, ‘I shall sone ryd his soule out of his -body’, Ld. Berners, Huen, xlix. 165; to destroy, Tempest, i. 2. 365; to -clear off work, dispatch, ‘Slaves did rid those Manufactures’, Bacon, -Essay 29 (ed. Arber, 483); _to rid way_, to get over the ground, move -ahead, ‘Willingness rids way’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 3. 21. ‘Rid’ is in prov. -use in various parts of England for clearing land, grubbing up -underwood, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Rid, vb.^{2} 1). Of Scand. origin, cp. -Icel. _ryðja_, to clear land, Dan. _rydde_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 2). - -=rid,= to set free, deliver, save. BIBLE, Gen. xxxvii. 22; Ex. vi. 6; -Ps. lxxi (Pr. Bk.); 2 Hen. VI, iii. 1. 234; to acquit, ‘A judge riddeth -a persone’, Udall, Apoph., 236. OE. _hreddan_, to deliver, cp. Dan. -_redde_, G. _retten_. See Dict. (s.v. Rid, 1). - -=rid,= to advise; ‘I rid thee, away’ (i.e. I advise thee to depart), -Greene, James IV, Induction (Bohan). A Scottish form, see NED. (s.v. -Rede, vb.^{1}). See =rede.= - -=ridduck,= a gold coin; ‘Run for a ridduck’ (i.e. to gain a reward), -Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 134. See =ruddock= (2). - -=ride,= to be drawn through the streets in a cart, subject to popular -derision; a form of punishment. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol). - -=rider,= a gold coin, orig. Dutch, having a horseman on the obverse, -worth about 27_s._ Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). Du. _een -goude_ _ryder_, ‘a golden coin having on one side the stamp of a man on -horseback’ (Sewel). - -=ridgel,= a half-castrated animal, a male animal with imperfectly -developed organs. In common prov. use. Only found as a literary word in -Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 6 (Penurio), where it appears as a term of -abuse, ‘Yonder old Rigell, the Captaine’. - -=ridstall-man,= a man whose business is to clear out or clean -cattle-stalls. Greene, James IV, first stage-direction. - -=rifely,= abundantly. Hall, Sat. iv. 3. 74; frequently, Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid, i. 101. ‘Rife’ in the sense of ‘abundant’, also of ‘frequent’ -is still in use in Scotland, and in many parts of England. Cp. Du. -‘_rijf_, rife, or abundant; _rijfelick_, rifely, or abundantly’ -(Hexham). - -=riffle,= to ‘rifle’, plunder. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 681. See -Dict. - -=rifle,= to play at dice, to gamble or raffle for a stake. B. Jonson, -Alchem. i. 1; Dryden, Amboyna, v. 1. Hence _rifling_, Northward Ho, v. 1 -(Bellamont); Minsheu. Still in use in west Yorkshire (Dr. Joseph -Wright). Du. ‘_rijffelen_, to riffle, or who shall cast most upon the -Dice’ (Hexham). - -=rig,= to search into, ransack; ‘And in the bowels of the earth -unsaciably to rig’, Golding, Metam. i. 138; ‘To . . . rig every corner’, -Gosson, Schoole of Abuse (ed. Arber, p. 54). - -=rigell;= see =ridgel.= - -=rin,= to run. Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i (ed. Arber, p. 54); ‘They -ryde and rinne’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 196. A north-country form -(EDD.). ME. _ryn_, to run (Wars Alex. 1352); _rynnand_, running -(Barbour’s Bruce, iii. 684). - -=rine,= ‘rind’, the outside peel or bark; ‘Bark and rine’, Middleton, -Family of Love, iii. 3. 11; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 111. So in Dorset -(Barnes’ Poems), see EDD. - -=ring:= in phr. _cracked within the ring_; See =crack= (3). - -=ring.= _Running at the ring_, a sport in which a tilter, riding at full -speed, endeavoured to thrust the point of his lance through, and to bear -away, a suspended ring. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Ferdinand). Also -_riding at the ring_, Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). - -=ringled,= provided with rings, ringed. Marlowe, Hero and Leander, ii. -143. - -=ringman,= the ring finger, fourth finger. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. -Arber, p. 109). Still in use in Cumberland, see EDD. ME. _ryngeman -fyngur_, ‘anularis’ (Cath. Angl.). In B. Jonson’s Alchemist, i. 1 (p. -243), Subtle says, ‘In chiromancy we give the fore-finger to Jove. The -ring (i.e. the ring-finger) to Sol.’ See Halliwell (s.v. Ring-finger). - -=ringo-root,= an eater of eringo-root; a term of contempt. Marston, -Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 112. - -=ringtail,= the female of the hen-harrier. Used _fig._ Beaumont and Fl., -Philaster, v. 4 (Captain). See NED. - -=rippier, ripper,= an itinerant seller of fish; ‘Like a rippier’s legs -rolled up In boots of hay-ropes’, Chapman, Bussy d’Ambois, iii (Bussy); -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Higgen). Still in use in E. Anglia, Kent, -and Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Ripp). See NED. - -=rish,= a rush. Spelt _rishe_, Ascham, Scholemaster, pt. i (ed. Arber, -p. 54); pl. _rishes_, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xix, c. 2; vol. ii, p. -7A. ‘Rish’ is in common use in Ireland and in many parts of England—in -Yorks., Cheshire, also in Kent and the south-west, see EDD. (s.v. Rush, -sb.^{1} (10)). OE. _risc_ (see Oldest English Texts, p. 503). - -=risp,= a twig; esp. a limed twig for catching birds. Golding, Metam. -xv. 473; fol. 185, bk. (1603); ‘_Boschetto_, a grove . . . a rispe, a -lushe or lime-twigge to catch birds’, Florio (1598). See NED. and EDD. - -=risse,= _pt. t._ and _pp._ of the vb. to rise. As pt. t. pl. (OE. -_rison_), B. Jonson, Catiline, iv. 2 (Cicero). As pp. (OE. _risen_), -id., iii. 2 (Cicero). The use of _risse_ for the pt. s. occurs in -Shirley, Duke’s Mistress, v. 4 (Horatio), and occasionally elsewhere. -‘Riss’ (‘ris’) is found as a prov. form for the pt. t. and pp. of ‘rise’ -in Yorks., Linc., and Northants, see EDD. - -=ritter,= a horse-soldier. Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii. 1 (Savoy). -G. _Ritter_, a knight, lit. a ‘rider’. - -=rittlerattle,= a child’s rattle. Golding, Metam. ix. 692; fol. 118 -(1603); Latin text, _Sistraque_. See NED. - -=rivage,= shore, bank. Hen. V, iii, chorus; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 20. F. -_rivage_. - -=rive,= to fire a cannon, so as almost to burst it. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. -29; to be split, Tr. and Cr. i. 1. 35. See Dict. - -=rive= [riv], for _riven_, pp. of _rive_, to tear. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. -5 (riming with ‘give’). ‘Riv’, pp., is in prov. use in Linc. and E. -Anglia (EDD.). - -=rivelled,= wrinkled; spelt _ryvilde_, More, Chron. Richard III (ed. -1883, 54), ‘Rivelled fruits’, Dryden, All for Love, Prol. 40; pleated, -gathered in small folds, ‘Capes pleated and ryveled’, Stubbes, Anat. -Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 74); twisted, Marlowe and Nashe, Dido, iii. 1 -(Dido). In prov. use in Shropshire, Heref., and Dorset (EDD.). ME. -_riveled_, wrinkled (Gower, C. A. viii. 2829). OE. _rifelede_, ‘rugosus’ -(Napier’s Glosses, 187. 78). - -=rivo!,= an exclamation used at drinking-bouts. ‘_Rivo_, sayes the -drunkard’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 124; Massinger. Renegado, ii. 6 (Gazet). In -Portuguese ships they use the cry _Arriba! Arriba!_, ‘Up! Up!’, for -summoning sailors to their work. See Stanford. - -=road,= a ‘raid’, inroad, incursion. Hen. V, i. 2. 138; Beaumont and -Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (1 Ambassador). - -=roarer;= the same as =roaring boy,= q. v. Massinger, Renegado, i. 3 -(Gazet); A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Brewen); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. -102. - -=roaring,= the language of ‘roarers’, or bullies. Ford, Lover’s -Melancholy, iii. 1 (Cuculus); their behaviour, Heywood, The Fair Maid, -i. 3 (Spencer). - -=roaring boys,= a cant term for the insolent bloods and vapourers whose -delight was to annoy well-behaved citizens. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. -1 (Castruccio). There was but one _roaring girl_, viz. Mary Frith, or -Moll Cutpurse, the heroine of Middleton’s play entitled The Roaring -Girl. - -=Roaring-Meg.= ‘In this (Edinburgh) Castle is one of the largest Canons -in Great Britain, called Roaring-Megg’, Brome, Trav. (ed. 1707, p. 195); -Churchyard, Siege of Ed. Castle (NED.). Hence, a huge cannon, Middleton, -Blurt, Mr. Constable. - -=roat;= See =rote= (2). - -=rochet,= a fish; the red gurnard. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 6 (Corvino); -Drayton, Pol. xxv. 104. - -=rochet,= the blunt iron head of a tilting weapon. Caxton, Hist. Troye, -lf. 124, back, 17. F. ‘_rochet_, the blunt iron head of a tilting-staff’ -(Cotgr.). OF. _rochet_, ‘fer de la lance’ (Didot). - -=rock,= a distaff. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (l. 5 from end); -Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, vi. 77. Still in use in the north country, -Midlands, and E. Anglia (EDD.). Icel. _rokkr_. - -=rocket,= a ‘rochet’, an outer garment, a kind of cloak or mantle. -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 54; a vestment of linen, usually worn by bishops -and abbots, chiefly Scottish (NED). [‘With mitre sheen and rocquet -white’, Sir W. Scott, Marmion, vi. 11.] O. Prov. _roquet_, ‘rochet, -surplis’ (Levy); Norm. F. _roquet_, manteau court (Moisy). - -=rocket,= a blunt-headed lance. Ld. Berners, Froissart, II. clxii. See -=rochet= (2). - -=rockray,= a line or reef of rocks. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii, l. -20 from end. _Ray_ = F. _raie_, Med. L. _riga_ (Ducange). - -=Roger,= a goose (Cant). Harman, Caveat, p. 83; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, -v. 1 (Higgen). In both passages, _Tib of the buttery_ is given as -another cant name for the goose. See Halliwell. - -=roile, royle,= an inferior or spiritless horse. Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. -76; ‘That horse which tyreth like a roile’, Gascoigne, Complaint of -Philomene (ed. Arber, 117); ‘A timorouse royle’, Sir T. Elyot, bk. i, -ch. 17 (ed. Croft, i. 178); a draught-horse of Flemish breed, ‘The -Flemish roile’, Harrison, Desc. England, iii. 1 (NED.). - -=roile,= to wander, to roam about. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 -(Tibet); Golding, tr. Metam. iii. 55; ‘To royle abroad, _divagari_’, -Levins, Manip.; Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 141). ME. _roile_, to -roam about (Chaucer, C.T. D. 653, Lansd. MS.); _roylyn_ or gone ydyl -abowte, ‘vagor, discurro’ (Prompt. 436). See Notes to Piers Plowman, B. -x. 297, p. 94. - -=roister, royster,= a bully, a noisy reveller; ‘Dissolute swordmen and -suburb roysters’, Milton, Eikonoklastes, iv; ‘_Rustre_, a royster, -swaggerer’, Cotgrave. Still in use in Scotland and Yorks. (EDD.). See -Dict. (s.v. Roistering). - -=roisting,= the conduct of roisterers, blustering. Disobedient Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 300; boisterous, uproarious, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. -208. - -=roke,= to search, rummage; ‘Roking in the ashes’, Gammer Gurton’s -Needle, i. 4 (Gammer). See EDD. (s.v. Rauk, 3). - -=rom,= good, phr. _rom bouse_, good wine (Cant). Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Song). See =Rom-vile.= - -=romage,= bustle, commotion. Hamlet, i. 1. 107. Still in use in -Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Rummage, 6). - -=rombelow=(=e,= a cry used by sailors when rowing; ‘Heve and how -rombelow, row the bote, Norman, rowe!’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 252; -‘Some songe heve and howe rombelowe’, Cocke Lorell’s Bote. ME. -_rumbeloo_ (Coer de Lion, 2522). See NED. (s.v. Rumbelow). - -=romekin,= some kind of drinking-vessel; ‘Large Saxon Romekins’, -Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Thwack). Cp. Du. _roemer_, a wine-glass -(Sewel). See NED. (s.v. Rumkin^{1}). - -=Rom-vile,= a cant term for London. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Song). _Rom_, i.e. good, refers to _Rommany_, gipsy; _vile_ = F. -_ville_, town. See =rom.= - -=rondure, roundure,= a circle, circular or rounded form. Dekker, O. -Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune); King John, ii. 259; Shak. Sonnets, xxi. 8. -F. _rondeur_, roundness (Cotgr.). - -=ront,= a runt, an ox or cow of a small size. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., -5. Du. _rund_, ‘a runt, a bullock or an oxe’ (Hexham). - -=ronyon;= see =runnion.= - -=roodes.= In Mirror for Mag., Harold, st. 23, apparently used in the -sense of ‘crosses’, vexations. - -=rook,= _reflex_, to crouch, squat; ‘The raven rook’d her on the -chimney’s top’, 3 Hen. VI, v. 6. 47. Still in use in various parts of -England; see EDD. (s.v. Rook, vb.^{3}). ME. _rouken_ (Chaucer). See -=rucke.= - -=room,= widely. _Roomer_, more widely, farther away, Sir J. Harington on -Bishops (Nares). OE. _rūme_, widely. See NED. (s.v. Room, adv.). - -=roome mort, rome mort,= a great lady, lady of high rank (Cant). B. -Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); ‘_Rome mort_, the quene’, -Harman, Caveat, p. 84. _Rome_, excellent (in Rommany); See =mort= (2). - -=rope:= in phr. _to run upon the ropes_, to act the part of a -rope-dancer, Puritan Widow, iv. 3. 41. - -=roperipe,= ripe for the rope, fit for being hanged. Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 92. 3; Chapman, May Day, iii; Wilson, Arte of Rhetorique; Minsheu; see -Nares. - -=ropery,= knavery. Romeo, ii. 4. 154; Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 1 -(Landlady); cp. _roper_, ‘one who deserves the rope’ (NED.); -rope-tricks, knave’s tricks, Taming Shrew, i. 2. 112. - -=rosa solis,= i.e. ‘Rose of the Sun’, an alcoholic cordial variously -flavoured with spices; ‘Run for some _Rosa-solis_’, Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, iv. 1 (Martha); T. Cogan, Haven of Health, 226; -Middleton, Blurt, iii. 3; name of a herb, ‘The herb called _Rosa-Solis_, -whereof they make Strong Waters’, Bacon, Nat. Hist., Cent. v, § 495. See -Stanford. - -=rosaker,= alteration of _rosalger_, realgar, disulphide of arsenic; ‘A -tabacco-pipe . . . little better than ratsbane or rosaker’, B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. iii. 5 (Cob). Port. _rosalgár_, ‘réalgar, sulfure -d’arsenic’ (Roquette); Span. _rejalgar_; ‘le terme signifie propremont -_poudre de caverne_, et je suppose qu’on a donné ce nom à l’arsenic, -parce qu’on le tirait des mines d’argent’, Dozy, Glossaire des Mots -dérivés de l’Arabe, p. 332. - -=rose.= The three-farthing pieces of Queen Elizabeth were very thin, and -had the profile of the sovereign with a rose at the back of the head; -see King John, i. 143. ‘Yes, ’tis three-pence, I smell the rose’, -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, Pt. I, iii. 4 (Firk). - -=rose,= a rosette; a knot of ribands, worn on the front of a shoe. -Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 41; Devil’s Law-case, ii. -1 (Ariosto); B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 2 (Pug). - -=rose-noble,= a variety of the noble, stamped with a rose, of varying -value; sometimes worth 16_s_. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 -(Captain). - -=roset,= roseate, rosy. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 591 (L. _purpureum_); -vii. 26 (L. _roseis_). - -=rosiall,= rosy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 2 (first ed. -1531). [I suggest that the name ‘Rosiall’, occurring thrice in the poem -called the Courte of Love, was suggested by this passage; and that the -Courte of Love was later than 1581, and later than Thynne’s Chaucer, ed. -1532.] - -=rosiere,= a rose-bush. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 19. F. _rosier_ (Cotgr.); -L. _rosarium_; from _rosa_, a rose. - -=ros-marine,= rosemary; ‘Wholesome dew, called ros-marine’, B. Jonson, -Masque of Blackness (Æthiopia). L. _rosmarinum_, rosemary, lit. marine -dew (Pliny). F. _rosmarin_, rosemarie (Cotgr.). See Alphita, p. 155 -(s.v. Ros marinus). - -=rost:= in phr. _to rule the rost_, to be absolute in authority, to -domineer. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 813; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 429. See -=rule the roast.= - -=rote,= a musical instrument, a lyre. Spenser, ii. 10. 3; iv. 9. 6. ME. -_rote_, a kind of fiddle (Chaucer), OF. _rote_ (Didot), O. Prov. _rota_, -‘rote, instrument à cordes’ (Levy), also OHG. _rota_ (Schade); probably -of Celtic origin, cp. O. Irish _crot_, a harp, lyre; Mod. Irish _cruit_ -(Dinneen), whence ME. _croude_ (Wyclif, Luke xv. 25). See Dict. - -=rote, roat,= to repeat, as an echo does; to repeat a tune or song. -Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, vi (Melanthus, 8); ‘The echoes . . . -each to other diligently rotes’, id., David and Goliath. - -=rother,= a ‘rudder’; hence, controlling power. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, -vi. 859; Mirror for Mag., Clarence, st. 12. ME. _rother_ (Gower, C. A. -ii. 2494); OE. _rōðer_, a steering-paddle. - -=rouke,= to squat, crouch, used _fig._; ‘Bookes that happlye rouke in -studentes mewes’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, Ded. (ed. Arber, 7). See -=rucke.= - -=rouncival, rownseval,= huge, gigantic, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. -690 (with reference to the Cyclopean monsters); spelt _rounceval_, a -woman of large build and boisterous manners, Heywood, Golden Age, A. ii -(Jupiter); Nashe, Saffron Walden (Grosart, iii. 52). See =runcival -pease.= - -=round,= to whisper. King John, ii. 1. 566. In prov. use in England and -Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Roun). ME. _rownen_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 241); -OE. _rūnian_. - -=round,= a dance in which the performers move in a ring; a song by two -or more persons in turn. Macbeth, iv. 1. 130; Fletcher, Faithful -Shepherdess, i. 2 (Thenot). - -=round:= phr. _gentlemen of the round_, soldiers whose business it was -to go round and inspect the sentinels and watches. B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. iii. 5 (E. Knowell); ‘The round? an excellent way to train up -soldiers’, Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (near the end). - -=round,= plain-spoken, direct. Middleton, A Mad World, i. 2 (Harebrain); -Twelfth Night, ii. 3. 104; Hamlet, iii. 1. 192. - -=roundly,= readily, without hesitation or preface. Taming Shrew, iii. 2. -216; iv. 4. 108; v. 2. 21; Richard II, ii. 1. 122; ‘Will come off -roundly’ (i.e. will pay handsomely), Middleton, The Widow, iv. 2 -(Latrocinio); in a plain outspoken manner, Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, -59). Still in prov. use (EDD.). - -=rous,= with a bounce, bang! Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 2 (Bayes). -‘Rouse’ (pronounced with voiceless _s_), meaning ‘noisily’, ‘with a -crash’, is in prov. use in Devon and Somerset (EDD.). - -=rouse,= a bumper, a full draught of liquor; ‘I have took a rouse or two -too much’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, iii. 4. 10; a drinking -bout, Hamlet, i. 2. 126; Marlowe, Faustus, iii. 4. 20. Norw. dial. -_ruus_, a headache from drinking (Aasen); Dan. _rus_, intoxication: -_sove rusen ud_, to sleep out one’s drunken fit; see Larsen; cp. Du. -_roes_: ‘_eenen roes drinken_, to drink till one is fuddled; _hy heeft -eenen roes weg_, he is fuddled’ (Sewel). - -=rout,= a number of animals going together; ‘Of fallow beasts the -company is called an _heard_, and of blacke beasts it is called a rout, -or a sounder’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100. Norm. F. _route_, -‘troupe’ (Moisy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Route). - -=rout,= to assemble together. Roister Doister, iv. 7. 2; Bacon, Life of -Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 66). See Dict. M. and S. - -=rove,= to shoot with arrows at a mark selected at pleasure or at -random, and not of any fixed distance. Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 122; Warner, -Albion’s England, ii. 9. 39; Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 35; ‘She rovde at me -with glauncing eye’, Shep. Kal., Aug., 79; to shoot an arrow without -fixed aim, ‘Manie bowlts were roved after him’, Harington in Nugae Ant. -(NED.); _a rovynge marke_, a mark placed at an uncertain distance, -Ascham, Toxophilus, 145; _rovers_, arrows used for this kind of -shooting, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Masque 2 (Cupid); _to shoot at -rovers_, to shoot at random, ‘Love’s arrows are but shot at rovers’, -Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 941; ‘Cato talked at rovers’ (i.e. at random), -Udall, tr. Apoph., Pompey, § 14. - -=rowel,= to insert a circular piece of leather, with a hole in the -centre, into a wound, to cause a discharge of humours; to insert a kind -of seton; ‘He has been ten times rowelled’, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful -Lady, iii. 2 (Young Loveless). - -=rowen,= the second growth of grass in a season, the aftermath, eddish; -the second crop of hay. Tusser, Husbandry, § 57. 25; Worlidge, Syst. -Agric.; Blount, Glossogr. (s.v. Edish); _rowen grass_, Holland, Pliny, -xviii. 28; _rowen hay_, id., _rowen partridge_, a partridge frequenting -a field of ‘rowen’, id., Plutarch’s Morals, 570 (NED.); also _rowen_, -‘As for the partridges . . . the old rowens full subtilly seeme to -wait’, id., 219. The word ‘rowen’ in various forms is in prov. use from -Linc. and Worc. to Kent and Hants. (EDD.). ME. _raweyne hey_, ‘fenum -serotinum’ (Prompt.); _rewayn_ (in Bp. Hatfield’s Survey, ann. 1382, -Surtees, 170). Norm.F. *_rewain_ (mod. Picard _rouain_) = F. _regain_; -_gaïn_ = Romanic type _guadīmen_, _wadīmen_, of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. -_weida_, pasture (Schade). See Thomas, Essais Phil. Fr. (s.v. Regain), -p. 371. - -=royal,= a gold coin of the value of ten shillings, in Shaks., not -expressly mentioned, but alluded to by way of punning, Richard II, v. 5. -67; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 157; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 28. - -=royne,= to grumble, to murmur discontentedly; ‘Yet did he murmure with -rebellious sound and softly royne’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 33. A -north-country word (EDD.). See NED. - -=royne,= to pare away, curtail, alter. Phaer, Aeneid x, 35 (L. _Flectere -iussa_). OF. _roignier_, to cut so as to round off. See =proine= (to -prune). - -=roynish,= scurvy, poor. As You Like It, ii. 2. 8; rough, coarse, -Tusser, Husbandry, § 102. Cp. F. ‘_rongneux_, scurvie, mangy’; -‘_rongne_, the mange’ (Cotgr.); mod. F. _rogne_, _rogneux_. - -=rub,= in a card-game, to take all the cards in a suit. Heywood, A Woman -killed, iii. 2 (Wendoll); with a quibbling reference to _rob_; -‘_Piller_, to rub, or rob, at cards’, Cotgrave. - -=ruck,= a huge fabulous bird, supposed to be bred in Madagascar. -Drayton, Noah’s Flood (footnote—the mighty Indian bird); Burton, Anat. -Mel. ii. 2. 2; Herrick, Misc. Poems, 7 (NED.). Arab. _rukhkh_. See -Stanford (s.v. Roc). - -=ruck,= to belch forth, utter. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 488. L. -_ructare_. See NED. - -=rucke,= to couch, squat; ‘On the house did rucke A cursed owle’, -Golding, Metam. xv. 400; Warner, Albion’s England, vii. 37. 121. Still -in use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Ruck, vb.^{5}). ME. -_rukkyn_ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1851). See =rook, rouke.= - -=ruddock,= the redbreast or robin. Spenser, Epithal. 82; Cymbeline, iv. -2. 224. In common prov. use in Scotland, and in many parts of England -(EDD.). ME. _ruddok_ (Prompt), OE. _rudduc_. - -=ruddock,= a gold coin. Sir John Oldcastle, i. 2. 158; London Prodigal, -ii. 1. 36; Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1. See Nares. - -=rudesby,= an unmannerly or boorish person. Golding, Metam. v. 583; fol. -64, back (1603). - -=ruelle,= the space in a bedroom between the bed and the wall. Etherege, -Man of Mode, iv. 2 (Sir Fopling); Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1 -(Wildair). ME. _ruel_ (P. Plowman, C. x. 79); F. ‘_ruelle: la ruelle du -lict_, the space between the bed and the wall’ (Cotgr.). - -=ruffe,= ‘the Card-game called Ruffe or Trump’, so Cotgrave (s.v. -Triomphe); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch); the trump card, ‘the Ruff at -Cards, _Charta dominatrix_’, Coles, Eng.-Lat. Dict., 1699. Ital. -_ronfa_, a card-game (Florio), perhaps a popular corruption of -_trionfo_; F. ‘_triomphe_, a Trump at cards’ (Cotgr.). - -=ruffe,= the highest pitch of some exalted or excited condition; ‘Wher -is all the ruffe of thy gloriousnes become?’, Latimer, 2nd Serm. bef. -Edw. VI (ed. Arber, 49); excitement, passion, fury, Golding, Metam. -xiii. 296 (NED.); Gascoigne (ed. Arber, ii. 94). - -=ruffin,= the name of a fiend, Chester Plays, v. 166; the Devil, -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); ‘I sweare by the Ruffin’, -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. 389). - -=ruffin,= a ruffian, a man of brutal character, Plot, Staffordshire. -291; as adj., appropriate to a ruffian, ‘His ruffin raiment’, Spenser, -F. Q. i. 4. 34. - -=ruffler,= one of a class of vagabonds prevalent in the 16th century. -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See Nares. - -=ruffmans,= a cant term for a hedge. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor). See =darkmans.= - -=ruffpeck,= bacon (Cant). ‘_Ruff peck_, bacon’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; -‘Here’s ruffpeck and casson’ (i.e. bacon and cheese), Brome, Jovial -Crew, ii. 1 (Song). - -=rug-gown,= a gown made of rug or coarse frieze; worn by watchmen; -hence, allusively, a watchman; ‘There a whole stand of rug-gowns routed -manly’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); also, worn by -astrologers, ‘You sky-staring coxcombs . . . you are good for nothing -but to . . . make rug-gowns dear’, B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. iii. -2 (Sordido); Marston, What you Will, iv. 1 (Lampatho). - -=rule,= course of proceeding, line of conduct. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 132. -ME. _rule_, conduct (York Myst. xxvi. 34). - -=rule,= disorder, stir, riot; ‘What a rule is there! _Quid turbae -est!_’, W. Walker, Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 381; ‘Such rule and ruffle make -the rowte that cum to see our geare’, Drant, Horace, Ep. ii. 1; ‘What a -reul’s here. You make a nice reul’, Thorseby, Letter to Ray (EDD.). -‘Reul’ (or ‘Rule’) appears in EDD. as a north-country word, meaning to -behave in a rude, disorderly manner. It is identical with the prov. word -‘roil’, to be noisy, boisterous, turbulent, see EDD. (s.v. Roil, vb.^{2} -1). - -=rule the roast,= to be absolute master; ‘I am my lady’s cook, and king -of the kitchen; where I rule the roast, command imperiously, and am a -very tyrant in my office’, Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 1 (Tasting). The -origin of the phrase is obscure; but it may easily have arisen, as here -suggested, from the sway exercised by a master-cook; the same phrase is -used of a cook by Earle, Microcosmographie, § 25 (ed. Arber, p. 46). - -=ruless,= rule-less, unruly. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 431. - -=ruly,= orderly, law-abiding, amenable to law. Warner, Alb. England, bk. -ix, ch. 40, st. 20. - -=rumbelo,= rumbling, resounding; ‘Great bouncing rumbelo thund’ring -Ratleth’, Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 101. See =rombelow=(=e==.= - -†=rumming= (?); ‘Much like a rumming streame’, Twyne, Aeneid x, 603 (L. -_torrentis aquae_). - -=run at the ring;= See =ring= (2). - -=runcival pease,= runcival peas, peas of a large size, Tusser, -Husbandry, § 41. 9. See =rouncival.= - -=rundle,= applied to the spherical surface of the earth. Lyly, Woman in -the Moon, i. 1. 11. Hence _rundled_, circular, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -vii. 239. - -=runnion= (=ronyon=), an abusive term applied to a woman. Macbeth, i. 3. -6; Merry Wives, iv. 2. 195. - -=rush-buckler,= a swash-buckler, noisy ruffian; ‘Stoute bragging -russhe-bucklers’, More’s Utopia (ed. Lumby, 82). - -=rushes,= with which floors were strewed, before the introduction of -carpets. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 1. - -=russeting,= a kind of ruddy apple. Chapman, The Ball, ii. 1 (Barker). -See Dict. (s.v. Russet). - -=russet-pated;= ‘Russet-pated choughs’, with heads of a reddish-brown -colour, Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 21. - -=rutter,= a cavalry soldier, esp. a German one; ‘You are a Rutter, borne -in Germanie’, Kyd, Sol. and Pers. i. 3; ‘Almain rutters’, Marlowe, -Faustus, i. 1 (Valdes); ‘Regiment of rutters’, Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s -Prize, i. 4 (Sophocles). Du. _ruiter_, a trooper, horseman (Sewel); cp. -O. Prov. _rotier_, a trooper, half soldier, half robber; _rota_, a band -of men, a troop (Appel); Med. L. _rupta_ ‘cohors’ (Ducange, s.v. -Rumpere, p. 237, col. 3). - -=ruttock,= a staff, stick. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § -10; _rottocke_, id., Diogenes, § 116. - -=rutty,= full of ‘roots’ of trees. Spenser, Prothalamion, 12. - -=rye-strew,= a straw of rye; applied derisively to a heavy weapon. -Heywood. Four Prentises (Eustace), vol. ii, p. 203. - - - - - S - - -=sack,= a loose kind of gown worn by ladies. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. -Dyce, p. 516). - -=sackage, saccage,= the act of sacking (a city, &c.); ‘The saccage of -Carthage’, Holland, tr. Pliny, I. xv. 18. 443; _to saccage_, to sack or -plunder, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, i. 24, p. 63. Fr. _saccager_, to sack, -ransack, pillage (Cotgr.). - -=sackful,= given to plundering; ‘Sackful troops’, Mirror for Mag., -Robert, D. of Normandy, st. 40; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 601. - -=sackless,= guiltless, innocent, Greene, Isabel’s Sonnet, l. 9 (ed. -Dyce, p. 299); _sakeles_, Gascoigne, Works, i. 379. In common prov. use -in the north country (EDD.). ME. _sakless_, innocent (Barbour’s Bruce, -xx. 175). OE. _saclēas_, free from charge, guiltless (Matt. xxviii. 14, -Lind.). - -=sacrament,= an oath. B. Jonson, Catiline, i. 1 (Cat.). L. -_sacramentum_, the military oath of allegiance; also, an oath, a solemn -engagement. - -=sacring-bell,= the small bell rung at the elevation of the host. Hen. -VIII, iii. 2. 295. Deriv. of the vb. _sacre_, to consecrate the elements -in the Eucharist, ‘I sacre, I halowe, _Je sacre_’, Palsgrave. ME. -_sacryn_ or halwyn, ‘consecro’ (Prompt.). - -=sad,= settled, steadfast, constant. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 45; -‘Settled in his face I see Sad resolution and secure’, Milton, P. L. vi. -541; grave, serious, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 23. 5; grave, sober (of -attire), F. Q. i. 10. 7. ME. _sad_ or sobyr, ‘maturatus, agelastes’ -(Prompt.). - -=sadness,= seriousness, gravity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 77. ME. _sadnesse_ -in poorte and chere, ‘soliditas, maturitas’ (Prompt.). - -=safe,= to make safe, to secure. Ant. and Cl. i. 3. 55; _saft_, pt. t., -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 291; pp., id., 444. - -=safeguard,= an outer skirt worn by women to protect their dress when -riding; ‘Enter _Moll_, in a frieze jerkin and a black safeguard’, -Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1; Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, ii. 1 -(Marine). Formerly in prov. use in the west country in Devon, pronounced -‘seggard’; see (EDD.) (s.v. Safeguard). See Nares. - -=saffo,= a serjeant, catchpole. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.); v. 8 -(1 Avoc). Ital. ‘_zaffo_ (_saffo_), a common serjeant or base -catch-pole, specially in Venice’ (Florio). - -=sag=(=g,= to sink or subside gradually; ‘The Elme and the Ash are -tough, howbeit they will soone settle downward and sag, being charged -with any weight’, Holland, Pliny, i. 492; _fig._ (of the mind), ‘The -minde I sway by . . . shall never sagge with doubt’, Macbeth, v. 3. 10; -_sagge_, hanging or sagging down, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 27. In gen. -prov. use in England and Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Sag, vb.^{2}). ME. -_saggyn_ (Prompt.). - -=sagg,= to drag oneself along wearily or feebly. Drayton, Pol. xvi. 219; -Twyne, tr. Aeneid, x. 283. Norw. dial. _sagga_, to walk heavily and -slowly from weariness (Ross). - -=saine,= _pr. pl._, they say. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 55. ME. _seien_, -pr. pl. P. Plowman). - -=saint,= a card-game; see =cent.= - -=Saint Nicholas’ clerk,= a highwayman. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 67; Rowley, A -Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Randall). See Nares (s.v. Nicholas). - -=Saint Thomas à Waterings,= a place anciently used for executions for -the county of Surrey, as Tyburn for Middlesex. It was situated at the -second milestone on the Kent road, near a brook, a place for watering -horses, whence its name; dedicated to St. Thomas Beket, being the first -place of any note on the road to Canterbury: ‘And forth we riden . . . -Unto the watering of seint Thomas, And there our host bigin his hors -areste’, Chaucer, C. T. A. 826. The allusions to this spot as a place of -execution are numerous; ‘He may perhaps take a degree at Tyburn . . . -come to read a lecture Upon Aquinas, at St. Thomas à Watering’s, And so -go forth a laureat in hemp circle’, B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Host). See -Nares (s.v. Waterings). - -=saker,= a kind of falcon. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xv. 696; Middleton, -Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); also, a kind of ordnance or cannon, -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 3 (Bots); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 355. This -word for a falcon is common to all the Latin nations; of Arabic origin, -see Dozy, Glossaire, 338. - -=sale,= a willow; used by Spenser to signify a wicker basket made of -willow-twigs for catching fish. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 81. See EDD. -(s.v. Seal, sb.^{3}). OE. _sealh_, a willow. - -=sale,= a hall, large chamber. Morte Arthur, bk. xvii, ch. 16 (p. 713); -The World and the Child, l. 12, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. F. _salle_ -(_sale_), a hall (Cotgr.). - -=saliant,= sportive, lively. Fletcher, The Chances, iv. 3 (Petruccio). -From the heraldic use, as ‘lion _saliant_’. Anglo-F. _saillant_, pres. -pt. of _sailler_, to leap (Ch. Rol. 2469). - -=saliaunce,= assault, onslaught, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 29. Anglo-F. -_assaillir_, to attack (Ch. Rol. 2564); _saillir_ (Wace, Rom. de Rou, -2595). - -=sallet,= a light head-piece. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; Thersites, 55 (ed. -Pollard). Often used with a quibble referring to _sallet_, a form of -_salad_; as in Tusser, Husbandry, § 40. 1. O. Prov. _salada_, sorte de -casque (Levy), F. _salade_, ‘a salade, helmet, head-piece’ (Cotgr.), -Ital. _celata_, ‘a morion, a casket, an helmet’ (Florio). See Nares. - -=Salmon, Salomon,= the sacrament or oath of the beggars; ‘Salomon, a -alter or masse’, Harman, Caveat, 83; ‘A part too of our salmon’, B. -Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (2 Gipsy); ‘By the Salomon’, Middleton, Roaring -Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor); ‘By Salmon’, Brome, Jovial Crew (NED.). - -=salpa,= a kind of stock-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 11. L. -_salpa_ (Pliny). - -=salt.= A salt-cellar was usually placed near the middle of a long -table, to divide the company according to their social rank; those of -inferior distinction being placed _below the salt_. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s -Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). _Above the salt_, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, -iii. 1 (Steward). - -=salt,= a leap, esp. one made by a horse. Webster, White Devil -(Lodovico), ed. Dyce, p. 34; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 2 (Wittipol). -L. _saltus_, a leap. - -=saltimbanco,= a mountebank, a quack. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. -i, c. 3, § 11; _saltinbancho_, Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 1007. Ital. -_saltimbanco_, a mountebank; from _saltare in banco_, to mount upon a -bench; ‘_Salta in banco_, as _Monta in banco_; _montáre in bánco_, to -play the mountebank’ (Florio). Span. ‘_Sálta en banco_, a mountebank’ -(Stevens). See Stanford. - -=salue,= to salute. Holland, Pliny II, 297; Udall, Apoph. 122; _salew_, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. ME. _salue_, _salewe_ (Chaucer); F. _saluer_; -L. _salutare_. - -=saluë, salvee,= some kind of boat; ‘Twentie Caruiles, and Saluees ten’, -Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 257. NED. (s.v. Salve, 3) gives a -quotation of a passage which Dekker evidently copied, ‘There are 20 -Carauels for the service of the above named Armie [the Armada], and -likewise 10 Saluës with sixe Oares a-peece’, Archdeacon, tr. True Disc. -Army, K. Spain, 38 (1588). - -=salvage,= savage. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Picrato). Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 6. 39; ii. 8. 42. O. Prov. _salvatge_, ‘qui vit dans les bois, -sauvage, farouche’ (Levy); Med. L. _salvaticus_ (Ducange); cp. Ital. -_salvático_; L. _silvaticus_ (Pliny). - -=salvatory,= a box for holding ointments. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, iv. 2 -(Bosola); ‘The Surgeon’s Salvator or Salvatory or his Box of Unguents’, -Holme, Armoury, iii. 438; ‘_Salvatory_, a Surgeon’s Box, to hold Salves, -Ointments, and Balsams’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. In Med. L. _salvalorium_ -is given in Ducange only with the meanings (1) _vivarium piscium_, (2) -_monasterium_, ‘ubi quis a mundi periculis tutus _salvatur_ seu -servatur’. - -=salvee;= see =saluë.= - -=sam,= together. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 168. ME. _sum_, together -(Cursor M. 9750); see NED. (s.v. Samen, adv.), and Dict. M. and S. - -=sambuke,= a triangular stringed-instrument of a very sharp shrill tone. -Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 39). ME. _sambuke_ (Wyclif, Dan. iii. 5), -L. _sambuca_ (Vulgate), Gk. σαμβύκη (LXX). - -=sambuke,= a military engine for storming walls. Peacham, Comp. -Gentleman, ix. 73. L. _sambuca_ (Vegetius). - -=samite,= a rich silk stuff. Morte Arthur, leaf 344. 30; bk. xvi, c. 17; -leaf 380, back, 30; bk. xviii, c. 19 [Tennyson, Morte d’Arthur, 31 and -144]. O. Prov. _samit_, ‘étoffe de soie’ (Levy); Med. L. _examitum_; -Byz. Gk. ἑξάμιτον, lit. woven with six different kinds of thread; see -Ducange (s.v. Exametum); cp. Span. _xaméte_ (Stevens). - -=sampire,= ‘samphire’. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 763; King Lear, iv. 6. 15; -_sampier_, Baret, Alvearie. F. ‘_herbe de S. Pierre_, sampire’ (Cotgr.). - -=sampsuchine,= oil of marjoram. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). Gk. σαμψύχινον, of marjoram; σάμψυχον, marjoram. - -=sanbenito.= Under the Spanish Inquisition a penitential garment of -yellow cloth, ornamented with a red St. Andrew’s cross before and -behind, worn by a confessed and penitent heretic; ‘The Inquisitors . . . -bringing with them certaine fooles coats . . . called . . . _S. -Benitos_’, M. Phillips in Hakluyt’s Voyages, iii. 480; a garment of a -black colour ornamented with flames, devils, and other devices worn by -an impenitent heretic at an auto-da-fé, ‘Sambenitas, painted with all -the flames and devils in hell’, Marvell, Reh. Transp. i. 276. In -Butler’s Hud. iii. 2. 1574, ‘Sambenites’ are referred to vaguely. The -garment was so called from _San Benito_, St. Benedict, from its -resemblance to the scapular introduced by St. Benedict. See NED. and -Stanford. - -=sance-bell, saunce-bell,= corruptly =saint’s-bell,= the Sanctus-bell, -the bell orig. rung at the _Sanctus_ at Mass. The _Sanctus_ or -_Ter-sanctus_ refers to the word _sanctus_ (thrice repeated) in the -conclusion to the Eucharistic preface; in the English Liturgy ‘Holy, -holy, holy’. _Sance-bells_, pl., Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool). Spelt -_saint’s bell_, Hall, Satires, bk. v, Sat. 1, l. 119; _saunce-bell_, -Fletcher, Nightwalker, iii. 3 (Toby). See NED. (s.v. Sanctus Bell). - -=sanctus:= phr. _a black sanctus_, a burlesque hymn, accompanied by -discordant noises; a great discord. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 -(Mirabel); Mad Lover, iv. 1 (Fool); _black Saunce_, Lyly, Endimion, iv. -2. 33. See Nares (s.v. Sanctus), and =tintamar.= - -=sanglier,= a full-grown wild boar. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37; p. 100; -Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5 (ed. 1615, 43). F. _sanglier_, Med. L. -_singularis_ (Vulg., Ps. lxxix. 14) = the μονιός of the LXX, meaning a -boar separated from the herd. See =singler.= - -=sanjak.= In the Turkish Empire one of the administrative districts of a -‘vilayet’; _sangiacque_, Dacres, tr. Machiavelli’s Prince, 25 (NED.); -_sanzacke_, a governor of a sanjak, Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4 -(Carazie); _sanziack_, Sir T. Herbert, Trav. (ed. 1677, 277); -_sandiack_, Shirley, Imposture, v. 1 (Volterino). Ital. _sangiacco_ -(Florio), Turk. _sanjāq_, lit. a banner (NED.); _sanjac_, a province, T. -Herbert, Gram. Turk. Lang., 1709, p. 90. See Stanford. - -=sanna,= a gesture of scorn. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 -(Amorphus). L. _sanna_, a grimace made in mockery (Juvenal). Gk. σάννας, -a buffoon; one who makes grimaces. See =stork’s bill.= - -=sans,= without (a French word), As You Like It, ii. 7. 166; Temp. i. 2. -97. - -=sapa,= new wine boiled thick. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. -_sapa_ (Pliny). - -=sapor.= _Sapor Pontic_, _Sapor Styptic_: particular ‘Sapors’, savours -frequently mentioned by the alchemists as indicative of the nature or -condition of substances under examination. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 -(Subtle). L. _sapor_, taste. - -=sarcocolla,= an Eastern gum-resin. Altered to _sacrocolla_, Middleton, -A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2 (Surgeon). Gk. σαρκοκόλλα; the name derived from -its power of healing or agglutinating wounds. - -=sarell,= a seraglio. Marlowe, Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Bajazet). F. -_sérail_, a seraglio; Pers. _serāi_, a palace (Hatzfeld). See Stanford -(s.v. Seraglio). - -=sarza,= sarsaparilla. Bacon, Essay 27, § 2. See Dict. - -=sasarara,= a corruption of _certiorari_, the name of a certain writ at -law. Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 2 (Vindici); _sesarara_, Puritan Widow, -iii. 2. 81. See EDD. (s.v. Siserary), where the word is said to be in -prov. use in the sense of a violent scolding; in Devon the phr. _with a -siserary_ means ‘with a vengeance’ [‘I fell in love all at once with a -sisserara’, Sterne, T. Shandy, vi. 47 (Davies).] - -=sattle,= to quiet, reduce to order. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xviii. -345; to become calm, ‘I sattyl or sober or appayse my-selfe’, Palsgrave. -Cp. ‘sattle’, the north-country word, meaning to put an end to a -quarrel, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{1}). ME. _sahtlen_, to bring to a -peaceful agreement, to reconcile (_sahhtlenn_ in Ormulum, 351); see -Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sahtlien). OE. _sahtlian_ (Chron. ann. 1066). -Etym. doubtful; see NED. - -=sattle,= to sink down gradually. Ascham, Toxophilus, 131. In prov. use -in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Sattle, vb.^{2} 3). ME. _sattle_ -(York Plays, 328); _satlynge_, a sagging, ‘bassacio’ (Prompt.). See NED. -(s.v. Settle, vb., 13). - -=saturity,= repletion. Herrick, Noble Numbers; Lasciviousness, 2; -_saturitie_, Udall, tr. Erasmus, on Matt. v. 6; Warner, Alb. England, -bk. v, ch. 24, st. 48. L. _saturitas_ (Pliny). - -=satyrion,= the orchis. Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 5 (Sir Jolly). Gk. -σατύριον (Dioscorides). See Alphita, p. 158. - -=saugh,= a ‘sough’, a channel, a trench. Drayton, Pol. iv. 168. ‘Sough’ -in various forms is in common prov. use in England from the north -country to Bedfordshire, see EDD. (s.v. Sough, sb.^{2}). - -=saulf,= ‘safe’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, see Glossary). F. -_saulf_, safe (Rabelais). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Sauf). - -=saunce-bell;= see =sance-bell.= - -=sawtry,= a ‘psaltery’, a kind of harp. Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 358. -ME. _sautrye_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 296). - -=say,= to ‘assay’, to test the fitness of, to try on (clothes); ‘He -sayes his sute’, B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. 1 (Fashioner); to set -oneself to do something, Peele, Order of the Garter (ed. Dyce, 588); -‘Who sayd to wound faire Venus in the hand’, Heywood, 2nd Pt., Iron Age -(NED.). See Dict. - -=say,= ‘assay’, temper of metal, proof; ‘A sword of better say’, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 47; a subject for testing, proving, ‘Still living -to be wretched To be a say to Fortune in her changes’, Beaumont and Fl., -Knt. of the B. Pestle, iv. 4. 11. ‘To say’ for to assay, to test, prove, -is in prov. use in Scotland and many parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Say, vb.^{2} 1). - -=say:= phr. _to take the say_, to draw the knife along the belly of a -slain deer, to find how fat he is. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. -10. For _assay_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). See Nares (s.v. -Say). - -=scalado,= an escalade, attempt to scale a wall. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 165). Span. _escalada_, ‘an escalade or taking a place with -scaling Ladders’ (Stevens). L. _scala_, a ladder. - -=scale,= to attack with scaling ladders; ‘The citty had bene scaled and -sacked’, Greene, Euphues (Wks., ed. Grosart, vi. 220); ‘The hugy heaps -of cares . . . are scalèd from their nestling-place’, Peele, Sir Clyomon -(Wks., ed. Dyce, iii. 78). Ital. ‘_scalare_, to ascend by ladder’ -(Florio); Span. _escalar_ (Stevens). - -=scaledrake,= ‘a sheldrake’. Lady Alimony, ii. 2 (2 Boy). In prov. use -in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England (EDD.). - -=scall,= a scab, blister, an eruption of skin on the head. BIBLE, Lev. -xiii. 30 (printed _skall_, ed. 1611); ‘Scurfe and dandruffe, running -ulcers and scals’, Holland, Pliny, xxiii. 1. In prov. use in Scotland -and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Scall, sb.^{1}). ME. _scalle_ -(Chaucer, Minor Poems, viii. 7). - - =scald,= afflicted with the ‘scall’, scurfy; an epithet of - contempt, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 215; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody - Brothers, i (Grandpree); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, ii. 1 - (Fluello). ME. _scalled_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 627). - -=scamble,= to scramble, to struggle. Much Ado, v. 1. 94; Tusser, -Husbandry, § 51. 7. Hence, _scambling_, shambling, shuffling, Ford, -Love’s Sacrifice, v. 1 (Bianca); filching, id., Fancies Chaste, i. 3 -(Livio). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=scand,= _pp._, ascended, climbed up to. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 8. L. -_scandere_, to climb. - -=scantle,= to scant, to limit; ‘Her scantled banks’, Drayton, Pol. xxiv. -12; The Owl, 1294; to shorten sail, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 -(1327); p. 134, col. 1. - -=scantling,= limited measure. Bacon, Essay 55; a pattern, sample, Tr. -and Cr. i. 3. 341; ‘How Ovid’s scantlings with the whole true patterne -doo agree’, Golding, Ovid’s Metam., Epist. 379. ‘_Eschantillon_, a -scantling, sample, pattern, proof of any sort of Merchandise’, Cotgrave. -Anglo-F. _escauntiloun_ (Rough List). - -=scar,= a steep bare bank, a cliff. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 326. In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Scar, sb.^{1}). Icel. _sker_, an isolated rock in -the sea. - -=scarab,= a beetle, dung-beetle; a term of reproach. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1. 59 (Subtle); Beaumont and Fl., Mad Lover, ii. 2 (Chilax). Gk. -σκάραβος, a beetle. - -=Scarborough warning,= very short notice, or no notice at all; a -surprise. Heywood, Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 43); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, -iii. 345. See Nares, EDD. and NED. - -=scarlet,= a scarlet gown, worn as a mark of dignity; He will be . . . -next spring call’d to the scarlet, B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). - -=scarmoge,= an irregular fight, a ‘skirmish’. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34. -ME. _scarmuch_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 934), F. _escarmouche_, a -skirmish (Cotgr.); Ital. _scaramuccia_ (Florio). - -=scartoccio,= a roll of paper. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. -_scartoccio_, ‘a coffin of paper for spice, as apothecaries use’ -(Florio). Cp. _cartoccio_, a piece of waste paper to put anything in. F. -_cartouche_, E. _cartridge_. - -=scath,= harm, hurt, damage. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 18; iii. 4. 24. ME. -_scathe_, harm (Chaucer, C. T. A. 446); Icel. _skaði_. - -=scatterling,= one of a wandering band of outlaws or robbers. Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 10. 63. - -=scaure;= see =scour.= - -=scerne,= to ‘discern’, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 22. - -=schellum,= a rogue, scoundrel; ‘Where’s the Dutch _schellum_?’, Dekker, -If this be not a good Play (Pluto), Works, iii. 352; _skellum_, id., -Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk). ‘Skellum’ is a north-country word -(EDD.). Du. _schelm_, a rogue (Hexham). - -=sciatherical,= concerned with the recording of shadows, esp. on a -sundial. _Scioferical_, Tomkis, Albumazar, i. 7 (Alb.); _scioterical_, -Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. v, c. 18, § 3. From Gk. σκιαθηρικός, -from σκαθήρας, a shadow-catcher, sun-dial; from σκιά, shadow, θηρᾶν, to -catch. - -=scole,= a scale or dish of a balance. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 606; -xxii. 180. Icel. _skāl_, a bowl, the scale of a balance; Dan. _skaal_, a -bowl. - -=scolopendra,= a milliped; one of the numerous nicknames for a -courtesan. Shirley, Gamester, ii. 2 (Hazard). L. _scolopendra_; Gk. -σκολόπενδρα, a milliped. - -=scombre,= to void excrements. Maister of Game, c. 13; _skommer_, -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 12; p. 27. See =scumber.= - -=scope,= a mark to aim at. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 155. Gk. σκοπός, a -mark. - -=scorse, scourse,= to exchange, barter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; B. -Jonson, Barth. Fair, iii. 1 (Waspe); Drayton, Pol. (ed. 1613. p. 196); -‘_Barater_, to scourse, barter’, Cotgrave; hence _skoser_, a -horse-corser, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 10 (ed. Croft, i. 63). -‘Scorse’ is in prov. use along the south coast (EDD.). See Notes on Eng. -Etym., p. 136. - -=scot and lot,= a tax levied by a municipal corporation in proportionate -shares for the defraying of municipal expenses; phr. _to pay scot and -lot_, to pay out thoroughly; ‘Twas time to counterfet, or that hotte -Termagant Scot had paid me scot and lot’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 4. 115; B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob). The word _scot_ = Anglo-F. -_escot_, a payment (Rough List). See =shot.= - -=scot-free,= free from payment of one’s tavern score. B. Jonson, Every -Man in Hum. iii. 7 (Cob). - -=scotomy,= dimness of sight, caused by dizziness. B. Jonson, Volpone, i. -1 (Mosca); Massinger, Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides). Gk. σκότωμα, dimness; -from σκοτοῦν, to make dim. Gk. σκότος, darkness. - -=scour,= to be purged, to have diarrhoea; ‘He continually scowred’, -Repentance of Robert Greene (NED.); ‘Poor young man, how he was bound to -scaure for it’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, v. 3 (Nurse). ‘Scour’ (or ‘Scaur’ -in Norfolk) is in prov. use for being afflicted with diarrhoea, see EDD. -(s.v. Scour, vb.^{1} 4). - -=scour the queer cramp-ring,= to wear the prison fetters (Cant). -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); ‘_skower the cramp-rings_, weare -fetters’, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; ‘_quyerkyn_ (= queer ken), a -pryson-house’, ib. - -=’scourse,= for _discourse_; with a quibbling reference to _scourse_ or -_scorse_, to barter. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Pan). - -=scout,= a slang term for a watch, or pocket time-piece; because a -_scout_ is a _watchman_. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond -senior). - -=scrag,= a scraggy creature, lean man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. -606. - -=scrat,= to scratch. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, st. 115; ‘I scratte as a -beest dothe that hath sharp nayles, _Je gratigne_’, Palsgrave. In gen. -prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME. _scrattyn_, or scracchyn -(Prompt.); to _scratte_, ‘scalpere’ (Cath. Angl.). - -=scratches, the,= a disease of horses, in which the pasterns appear as -if scratched. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Knockem); ‘_Arestin_, the -scratches in a horses pasterne’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. (1623). - -=scrawl, scraul,= to ‘crawl’. Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune, i. 1. -15; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 146; _scraul_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 49. 9. -See Nares (s.v. Scrall). In gen. prov. use in England (EDD.). - -=screwed gun,= a gun furnished with a screwed barrel, i.e. having a -helically grooved bore. Dryden, Marriage a la Mode, v. 1 (Rhodophil). -First known in 1646. - -=scrike,= to ‘shriek’. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 18. Swed. _skrika_, to -shriek. In prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. -Skrike). - -=scrimer,= a fencer. Hamlet, iv. 7. 101. Cp. ‘scrim’ in prov. use for -striking vigorously, ‘scrimmish,’ a skirmish (EDD.). F. _escrimeur_, ‘a -fencer’; _escrimer_, ‘to fence, or play at fence, also, to lay hard -about him’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Skirmish). - -=scroyle,= a scoundrel; a term of contempt. King John, ii. 1. 373; B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum. i. 1 (Stephen). Of obscure origin (NED.). See -Notes on Eng. Etym., 263. - -=scruze,= to press out. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 56. A Glouc. word, see -EDD. (s.v. Scruse). - -=scry,= to descry, perceive. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 38; Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid, i. 190. In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Scry, vb.^{2} 2). Norm. F. _escrier_, ‘explorer, chercher à découvrir’ -(Moisy). - -=scryne,= chest, ark. Spenser, Introd. to F. Q., st. 2. L. _scrinium_, a -box for keeping books, letters, &c. - -=scull, skull,= a ‘school’ of fish, a ‘shoal’. Mirror for Mag., Shore’s -Wife, st. 29; Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 22 (ed. 1623); Milton, P. L. vii. 402; a -covey of pheasants, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 3 (Petulus); a troop, company, -Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, ch. 6, st. 57. ‘Scull’ is in prov. use -in Hants. for a great number of people, see EDD. (s.v. School, sb.^{2} -2). - -=scum, skumme,= to scour, with respect to land or sea; ‘There were sent -forth rydars to skumme the country’, Morte Arthur, leaf 26, back, 30; -bk. i, c. 13. F. ‘_escumer_; _escumer la mer_, to scowr, as a fleet, the -sea’ (Cotgr.); _escumeur_, ‘corsaire qui fait des courses sur mer, -pirate’ (Didot). - -=scumber,= to void excrement, as a dog or fox. ‘_Fienter_, to dung, -scumber’, Cotgrave; ‘When they (hounds) are led out of their kennels to -scumber’, Massinger, Picture, v. 1 (Ricardo). Used in Cornwall of a bird -(EDD.). OF. _escombrer_, to clean out (Godefroy). See =bescumber, -scombre.= - -=scur;= see =skirr.= - -=scurer,= a scout, one sent forward to reconnoitre. Mirror for Mag., -Guidericus, st. 36; ‘Out was our scurer sent agayn . . . to shew wher -aboute the place was’, More, Comfort ag. Tribulation (Wks., p. 1181). -OF. _descouvreur_, ‘espion, qui va à la découverte’ (Didot); Med. L. -_disco-operator_ (Ducange). - -=scurrile,= scurrilous, vulgarly witty. Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 148; Two Noble -Kinsmen, v. 1. 153. L. _scurrilis_, buffoon-like; from _scurra_, a -buffoon. - -=scut,= a hare. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 632. ME. _scut_, a hare -(Prompt.). - -=scute,= a coin of small value. Chapman, All Fools, v. 1 (Valerio). In -prov. use from Dorset to Cornwall for a sum of money, see EDD. (s.v. -Scute, sb.^{1}). Properly an E. name for the French coin called _ėcu_, -OF. _escut_, L. _scutum_, a shield. - -=sdayn,= to disdain. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 44. - -=sea-card,= the card on which the points of the compass were marked. -Fletcher, The Chances, i. 10 (near the end). See =card.= - -=sea-holm,= sea-holly. Drayton, Pol. i. 125. Cp. _holm-oak_; and see -=eringo.= - -=seam,= fat, grease. Tr. and Cr. ii. 3. 195; Dryden, tr. Aeneid, vii. -867. In gen. prov. use in the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Saim). ME. -_seim_, grease (Ancr. R. 412). Anglo-F. _saim_, ‘adeps’ (Ps. lxii. 6), -cp. Ital. _saime_, O. Prov. _sagin_ (_saīn_), ‘graisse’ (Levy), Med. L. -_sagimen_, ‘adeps, sagina’ (Ducange). - -=searce, searse,= to sift through a sieve. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Ariosto). ‘Searce’ was formerly a widely spread prov. word for a -fine sieve; as a vb. ‘to sift’ it still appears in Northumbrian and -Kentish Glosses (EDD.). ME. _sarce_, a sieve (Prompt.); _sarcyn_, to -sift (id., EETS. 450; see notes, no. 1875 and no. 2204). OF. _saas_ (F. -_sas_), a sieve. Span. _cedazo_, Med. L. _setatium_ (Ducange), der. of -L. _seta_, _saeta_, a bristle. - -=sear-cloth,= to cover with ‘cere-cloth’ or waxed cloth. Dryden, Annus -Mirab. 148. See =cere-cloth.= - -=season upon= (or =on=), to seize upon. Mirror for Mag., Northumberland, -st. 15; ‘I season upon a thynge as a hauke doth, _je assaysonne_. She -saysouned upon the fesante at the first flyght’, Palsgrave; ‘It is mete -for any lyon . . . to season his pawes upon his pray’, Acolastus, ii. 3. -See NED. (s.v. Season, vb. 5). - -=sect,= a class or kind of persons, used with reference to sex, 2 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 41; Fletcher, Valentinian, i. 1 (Chilax); Middleton, Mad -World, ii. 6. In prov. use in various parts of England; also in -illiterate use in London; see EDD. and NED. Cp. Chaucer, ‘(The wife of -Bath) and al hire secte’ (C. T. E. 1171). L. _secta_, a following, a -school or sect of philosophy. - -=sectary,= one who belongs to a sect, a dissenter. Hen. VIII, v. 3. 70; -Puritan Widow, i. 2. 5. F. _sectaire_, ‘a sectary, follower of a sect’ -(Cotgr.). - -=sectour,= executor. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 62; ‘Sectour, -_executeur_’, Palsgrave. ME. _sectour_, ‘exequitour’ (Cath. Angl.); -_seketowre_, ‘executor’ (Prompt., Harl. MS.). - -=Sedgeley curse,= an imprecation recorded by Ray among the proverbs of -Staffordshire. It is given by Beaumont and Fl. in this form: ‘A Sedgly -curse light on him, which is, Pedro, The fiend ride through him booted -and spurred, With a scythe at his back!’, Tamer Tamed, v. 2; Massinger, -City Madam, ii. 2 (Plenty). See Nares. - -=see,= a seat of dignity or authority, a throne; ‘Jove laught on Venus -from his soveraigne see’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 2; the dwelling-place -of a monarch, F. Q. iv. 10. 30. - -=see,= _pret. s._ (I) saw, (he) saw, Greene, Sonnet, l. 4 (ed. Dyce, -292). Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. See, 1 (6)). OE. _seah_, pt. t. -of _sēon_, to see. - -=seek:= phr. _to blow a seek_, to sound notes on a horn, summoning -hounds to the chase of a deer. Gascoigne, Art of Venerie (ed. Hazlitt, -i. 314). - -=seek:= phr. _to seek_, at a loss, badly off; ‘The Merchant will be to -seeke for Money’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 4; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 2. -Cp. Porson’s famous epigram in Museum Criticum, i. 332, ‘The Germans in -Greek, Are sadly to seek’, &c. See NED. (s.v. Seek, vb. 20 b). - -=seel,= to close up a bird’s eyelids, by means of a thread passed -through them. _A seeled dove_, ‘She brought them to a seeled dove, who -the blinder she was, the higher she strave’, Sidney, Arcadia (ed. -Sommer, 65); Bacon, Essay 36. It was believed that a seeled dove would -mount always higher aloft, till it sank from exhaustion; see Ford, -Broken Heart, ii. 2. 3. Palsgrave has: ‘I cele a hauke, _Ie cile_.’ F. -_ciller_, ‘to seele, or sow up the eyelids’ (Cotgr.); _cil_, an eyelash, -L. _cilium_, an eyelid, eyelash. - -=seeld,= seldom, Mirror for Mag., Salisbury, st. 20. See =seld.= - -=seeling,= a wainscot, wainscoting. Bacon, Essay 54; ceiling, North, tr. -of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (in Shak. Plut. p. 238). - -=seemless,= unseemly. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 25; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xx. 397. - -=seemlyhed,= comeliness. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14. - -=seen,= equipped, furnished; versed, practised; ‘Seen in many things’, -Heywood, A Woman killed, ii. 1 (Frankford); _well seen_, Tam. Shrew, i. -2. 136; Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8 (p. 37). In prov. use -(EDD.). - -=sege,= a seat. Morte Arthur, leaf 220. 7; bk. x, c. 16. ME. _sege_: ‘He -schal sitte on the sege of his maieste’ (Wyclif, Matt. xxv. 31). -Anglo-F. _sege_, seat (Ps. lxxxviii. 14), O. Prov. _setge_, ‘siège, -banc, séance, siège d’une ville’ (Levy). See =siege.= - -=seggs,= sedges. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 3. 15. A Northern form (EDD.). - -=Seisactheia,= an ordinance of Solon by which all debts were lowered. -Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. σεισάχθεια, a shaking off of -burdens. - -=selago,= a plant. Middleton, The Witch, iii. 3 (Hecate). L. _selago_, a -plant resembling the savin-tree. - -=selar,= a canopy of a bed; ‘The selar of the bedde’, Morte Arthur, leaf -349, back, 24; bk. xvii, c. 6. ‘Cellar for a bed, _ciel de lit_’, -Palsgrave. See NED. (s.v. Celure). - -=selcouth,= strange, uncommon. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 14. A Scottish -poetical word (EDD.). ME. _selcouth_, strange, wonderful (P. Plowman, C. -i. 5); OE. _seldcūð_, strange, lit. seldom known. - -=seld,= seldom. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 150; hence _seld-shown_, seldom -shown, Coriolanus, ii. 1. 229; _seld-seen_, Humour out of Breath, i. 1 -(Octavio); as adj. rare, scarce, Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, iv. 4. -ME. _seld_ (_selde_), seldom (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2343). See =seeld.= - -=sellary,= a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius). L. -_sellarius_ (Tacitus). - -=sely,= harmless; ‘A selye innocente hare murdered of a dogge’, More’s -Utopia (ed. Lumby, p. 111). Also, poor, helpless, Tusser, Husbandry, § -51. 18. ME. _sely_, simple, innocent, also, poor, pitiable (Chaucer); -but Chaucer uses the word also in other senses: good, holy, happy. See -Trench, Select Glossary (s.v. Silly). See =silly.= - -=semblably,= similarly. 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 21. F. _semblable_, like. F. -_sembler_, to seem, resemble. - -=semblant,= demeanour. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 31; Morte Arthur, bk. ii, -c. 17; _to make semblant_ (= F. _faire semblant_), to make a show, -appearance, or pretence (of doing something), id., bk. vii, c. 8. - -=seminary,= an Englishman educated as a Popish priest in a foreign -seminary. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo). - -=semitary,= a form of scimetar. B. Jonson, Case is altered, v. 2 -(Juniper); _semitarie_, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor). See -=cemitare.= - -=sempster,= a sempstress; also a spinster, as applied to the three -Fates, Dekker, O. Fortunatus, ii. 2 (Shadow). In prov. use in Yorks. and -Derbyshire, see EDD. (s.v. Seamster). ME. _semster_ (Dest. Troy, 1585), -OE. _sēamestre_, a sempstress (B. T.). - -=sennet,= a signal-call played on a trumpet, the signal for entrance or -exit. Common in the stage-directions in the Tudor drama. It occurs in -various forms, such as _synnet_, _sinet_, _cynet_, _signate_. Hen. VIII, -ii. 4; J. Caesar, i. 2; Ant. and Cl. ii. 7; Coriol. ii. 1; 2 Hen. VI, -iii. 1. O. Prov. _senhet_ (_signet_), ‘signe’ (Levy), OF. _sinet_ -(Littré). See Notes on Eng. Etym., p. 264. - -=sensing,= ‘incensing’, use of incense. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers -(ed. Arber, p. 30). ME. _censynge_, ‘turificacio’ (Prompt.). - -=sent,= perception. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 43. The old spelling of -_scent_; so in Cotgrave, ‘_Odeur_, sent, smell’. - -=sere,= separate, distinct, each in particular. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. -Arber, 107). ME. _ser_, distinct, each in particular (Ormin, 18653). -Icel. _sér_, orig. dat. of refl. pron. ‘for oneself’, hence as adv. -separately. - -=sere,= the claw or talon of a bird or beast of prey. Usually in the pl. -_seres_; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 212; xii. 213; Odyssey, ii. 238; -Revenge of Bussy, iii. 1 (Clermont); Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1. 16. F. -_serre_, a hawk’s talon (Cotgr.). - -=sere,= the catch in a gun-lock which is released by the trigger. -Hamlet, ii. 2. 337 (see note by W. Aldis Wright). It was like a claw. -See above. - -=serene,= a chill evening air; ‘Some serene blast me’, B. Jonson, -Volpone, iii. 5 (Celia); Epigrams, xxxii (last line). F. _serein_, ‘the -mildew, or harmful dew of some summer evenings’ (Cotgr.). Ital. -‘_sereno_, the night calm; _serenata_, music played in a clear evening’ -(Florio). - -=sericon,= the name of some chemical substance. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 -(Subtle). See NED. - -=serpentin,= a kind of cannon. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 159; -‘_Serpentine_, the artillery called a Serpentine or Basiliskoe’, -Cotgrave. - -=serpigo,= a general term for creeping or spreading skin diseases, esp. -ringworm, Meas. for M. iii. 1. 31 (variously spelt in the edd.). Medical -L. _serpigo_, ‘teter’ (Alphita, 167), deriv. of _serpere_, to creep. - -=servant,= a professed lover, one who is devoted to the service of a -lady. Two Gent. of Verona, ii. 1. 106, 114, 140. Very common. Cp. Ital. -_cavaliere servente_; see Fanfani. - -=servulate,= to serve obsequiously. Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, i. -2 (Egremont). From L. _servulus_, dimin. of servus, a slave. - -=sesama,= oil from the seeds of a plant, sesame, one of the ingredients -of a perfume. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer). Gk. σησάμη. - -=sesarara;= see =sasarara.= - -=sess, seiss,= to assess. Pt. t. _sessyd_, Fabyan, Chron., p. vii, ann. -1257-8 (ed. Ellis, p. 344); pp. _seissed_, North, tr. of Plutarch, -Antonius, § 33 (in Shak. Plut., p. 204). In prov. use (EDD.). - -=set out the throat,= to set up a noise, cry out. B. Jonson, Alchem. v. -2 (Face); Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). - -=setter,= a confederate of sharpers or swindlers, employed as a decoy -(Cant). Nashe, Strange Newes, 1592; see Aydelotte, p. 86; Butler, Hud., -Lady’s Answer, 153. One who marks down travellers to be robbed by -thieves, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 53. - -=settle,= a long bench, with a very high back. Albumazar, i. 1 (Ronca). -In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Settle, sb.^{2}). - -=setwall,= the East Indian plant zedoary, Palsgrave; the plant valerian, -‘Drink-quickning Setwale’, Spenser, Muiopotmos, 196; spelt cetywall, -Drayton, Ballad of Dowsabell, 33 (in later editions _setywall_). ME. -_setwale_ or _sedwale_, ‘zedoarium’ (Prompt.); _cetewale_ (Chaucer, C. -T. A. 3207). O. Span. _cetoal_, _sitoval_, _cedoaria_; of Arabic origin, -see Dozy, Glossaire, 251. - -=sew,= to follow; ‘Seven kings sewen me’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, i. 248; to sue, to plead, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 12. 29; to woo, -id., iii. 5. 47. See Dict. (s.v. Sue). - -=sew,= to drain dry; ‘To drain and sew’, North, tr. of Plutarch, Jul. -Caesar, § 39 (in Shak. Plut., p. 93); Tusser, Husbandry, 32. In prov. -use in E. Anglia, Kent, Sussex, and Dorset, see EDD. (s.v. Sew, -vb.^{2}). OF. _esuer_ (Burguy); F. _essuier_, to dry up (Cotgr.); -_essuier_, ‘évier, conduit par lequel s’écoulent les eaux sales d’une -cuisine’ (Didot). See Hatzfeld (s.v. Essuyer). - -=sewell;= see =shewelle.= - -=sewer,= an attendant at a meal who superintended the seating of the -guests, and the tasting and serving of the dishes. Macbeth, i. 7, Stage -Direction. ME. _sewer_ at the mete, ‘depositor, discoforus’ (Cath. -Angl.); _seware_ at mete, ‘dapifer’ (Prompt.). OF. _asseour_, ‘en -parlant du service de la table, _qui fait asseoir_’ (Godefroy), Pop. L. -_assedatorem_ (acc.), one who sets, places, deriv. of _assedare_, to -set, place, cp. Norm. F. _aseer_, to place; see Moisy. - -=sextile,= denoting the aspect or relative position of two planets, when -distant from each other by sixty degrees; a sextile aspect. Fletcher, -Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret); Randolph, Jealous Lovers, v. 2; Milton, -P. L. x. 659. - -=seymy,= greasy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124; l. 169. See =seam.= - -=sforzato,= a galley-slave. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. -‘_sforzati_, galley-slaves, as forced to do anything’ (Florio), cp. F. -‘_forçat_, galley-slave’ (Cotgr.). - -=shack,= the shaken grain which remains on the fields after harvesting; -hence _shack-time_, the time during which this grain remains on the -ground, Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 30; _to shack_, to turn pigs or poultry -into the stubble fields. In prov. use in various parts of England, see -EDD. (s.v. Shake, 9, 20, 21). - -†=shackatory,= apparently, a huntsman’s underling. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando). See NED. - -=shadow,= a reflection in water; ‘Aesop had a foolish dog that let go -the flesh to catch the shadow’, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 37; a disguise, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Hempskirke); a -friend of an invited guest (L. _umbra_), Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iii. -1. 11. - -=shaft,= a May-pole, esp. the May-pole in Aldgate ward, London, which -‘shaft’, when it was set on end and fixed to the ground, was higher than -the steeple of the church, which was hence called St. Andrew Undershaft. -This ‘shaft’ was not raised after May-day, 1517, on account of a -disturbance of the apprentices. Thirty-two years after it was sawn in -pieces and burned as an idol. Stow, Survey (ed. Thoms, 54); Pennant’s -London, 587. See Nares (s.v. Shaft), and Chambers, Book of Days, p. 574. - -=shaftman,= a measure of about six inches, being the length from the top -of the extended thumb to the wrist-side of the palm. Harington, tr. -Ariosto, xxxvi. 56; _shaftmon_, Morte Arthur, leaf 124, back, 8; bk. -vii, c. 22; _shaftmont_, ‘His leg was scarce a shaftmont lang’, Child’s -Pop. Ballads, ii. 330; _shaftement_, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 112. -‘Shaftment’ is in prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. -_schaftmonde_ (Death of Arthur, 2546, 3843, 4232); OE. _sceaftmund_, a -palm’s length (B. T.). See NED. (s.v. Shaftment). - -=shag-rag,= ragged, vagabond-like; ‘A shag-rag knave’, Marlowe, Jew of -Malta, iv. 5 (Barabas). The word ‘shag-rag’ is in prov. use in the north -country to denote an idle, ragged vagabond, see EDD. (s.v. Shag, vb.^{3} -2 (2)). See =shake-rag.= - -†=shailes,= scarecrows. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § 2; see -Croft’s note. Perhaps cognate with ME. _schey_, shy, timid (Prompt.). -See =shewelle.= - -=shake-rag,= a ragged disreputable person, Brome, Jovial Crew, iii. -(NED.). [‘He was a shake-rag like fellow’, Scott, Guy Man., xxvi.] Also -_shake_, Middleton, The Widow, ii. 1 (1 Suitor). - -=shake the elbow,= to throw dice, to gamble. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Ariosto). - -=shaking of the sheets,= the name of an old dance, usually mentioned -with an indecent suggestion. Westward Ho, v. 3. - -=shale,= a shell, husk. Hen. V, iv. 2. 18; Parliament of Bees, character -5 (end). ME. _shale_ (Chaucer), OE. _scealu_, a husk. - -=shale,= to shell, take of the husk; ‘I shale peasen’, Palsgrave; ‘A -little lad set on a bancke to shale the ripen’d nuts’, W. Browne, Brit. -Pastorals, bk. ii, song 4. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shale, vb.^{1} -14). ME. _shale_, notys or odyr frute, ‘enucleo’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). -Cp. F. _eschaller_: ‘_eschalleur de noys_, qui écale des noix’ -(Glossaire, Rabelais, ii. 160). - -=shale,= to shamble with the feet; ‘_Esgrailler_, to shale or straddle -with the legs’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in various parts of England, see -EDD. (s.v. Shale, vb.^{2}). See =shayle.= - -=shalla,= for _shall he_; ‘Shalla go In deede? and shalla flowte me -thus?,’ Phaer, Aeneid iv, 590, 591. _A_ for _he_ is common in prov. use -when unemphatic, see EDD. (s.v. He, 1 (1)). - -=sham,= to take in, to hoax; ‘You shammed me all night long . . . -_Freeman_. Shamming is telling you an insipid, dull lye, with a dull -face, which the sly wag the author only laughs at himself; and, making -himself believe ’tis a good jest, puts the sham only upon himself, -Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iii. Cp. Sc. _sham_, to cheat, trick, deceive, -see EDD. (s.v. Sham, vb.^{1} 1). - -=shamois,= shoes made of the wild goat’s skin. Webster, White Devil -(Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 19. - -=shape,= the costume suited to a particular part in a play. Massinger, -Bondman, v. 3 (Pisander). - -=shard,= a fragment, a piece of broken pottery, a potsherd; ‘Shards, -flints and pebbles should be thrown on her’, Hamlet, v. 1. 254. In prov. -use in the sense of a broken piece in Scotland and in the various parts -of England (EDD.). ME. _scherde_, ‘testula’ (Prompt. EETS.), OE. -_sceard_, ‘testa’ (B. T.). - -=shard,= a patch of cow-dung; ‘They are his shards, and he their -beetle’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 2. 19; ‘Such souls as shards produce, such -beetle things As only buz to heaven with ev’ning wings’, Dryden, Hind -and P. i. 321; ‘The shard-borne beetle’ (the beetle born in dung), -Macbeth, iii. 2. 42. ‘Shard,’ meaning a patch of cow-dung, is in prov. -use in Yorks. and Wilts. (EDD.). Probably related to ‘sharn’ in prov. -use for dung of cattle; OE. _scearn_ (Leechdoms); see EDD. - -=shard.= In Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 38, ‘When late he far’d In Phaedrias -flitt barke over that perlous shard.’ Spenser appears to use ‘shard’ -here in the sense of ‘a channel’. It is probably the same word as -‘shard’ in prov. use for an incision, a gap, a narrow passage, see EDD. -(s.v. Shard, sb.^{2} 1, 2, 3). OE. _sceard_, a gap, notch; the word is -used for bays and creeks in Boethius, 18. 1. - -=shark,= to prowl about to pick up a living. Beaumont and Fl., Honest -Man’s Fortune, iii. 3 (Mallicorn); Earle, Micro-Cosmographie, no. 77 -(ed. Arber, 35); _shark on_, to prey upon, Sir Thos. More, ii. 4. 106; -_shark up_, to pick up by prowling about, Hamlet, i. 1. 98. Hence -_shark-gull_, a cheat who preys upon simpletons, Middleton, The Black -Book (ed. Dyce, v. 524). - -=sharp.= _To fight at sharp_, to fight with sharp weapons, not with -foils, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, v. 3 (Galoshio). - -=shayle,= to shamble, to walk crookedly or awkwardly. Skelton, ed. Dyce, -i. 20, l. 19; p. 214, l. 172. Palsgrave has: ‘I shayle, as a man or -horse dothe that gothe croked with his legges, _Ie vas eschays_.’ ME. -_schaylyn_, ‘disgredior’ (Prompt. EETS. 451). See =shale= and =shoyle.= - -=sheal,= to take off the outer covering of peas, King Lear, i. 4. 219. -In prov. use in Scotland and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Sheal, vb.^{2} 1). - -=sheath;= see =painted.= - -=sheene,= fair, beautiful to behold. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 10; ii. 2. -40; ii. 10. 8; ‘Haill May, haill Flora, haill Aurora schene!’, Dunbar, -Thrissill, 9; as sb., fairness, splendour, Hamlet, iii. 2. 167. ME. -_shene_, fair, beautiful (Chaucer, C. T. A. 972). OE. _scēne_, _scȳne_, -_scīene_, fair, identical with G. _schön_, beautiful, Goth. _skauns_. - -=sheerly,= entirely. Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 4 (Memnon). A Scotch word, -used by Burns, Ep. to Major Logan (EDD.). - -=sheeve,= a slice; ‘A sheeve of bread’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, -ch. 20, st. 29. In prov. use in Scotland and Lanc., see EDD. (s.v. -Sheave). See =shive.= - -=shelf,= a sandbank. B. Jonson, The Forest, iii (l. 12 from end); -_shelves_, pl., 3 Hen. VI, v. 4. 23; ‘On the tawny sands and shelves -Trip the pert faeries’, Milton, Comus, 117. For Scotch exx. see EDD. -(s.v. Shelf, sb.^{2}). - -=shell,= a cockle-shell worn in the hat by pilgrims to Compostella. -Heywood, Four Prentises (Godfrey), vol. ii, p. 213. - -=shells,= a cant term for money. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (2 -Cutpurse); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 2 (Matheo). - -=shend,= to put to shame, blame, reproach. Spenser, Prothalamion, 121; -_shent_, pp., F. Q. ii. 5. 5; vi. 6. 18. In prov. use in Scotland and in -Kent (EDD.). ME. _shende_, to render contemptible (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. -v. 893); _schende_, to blame, reproach (Wyclif, Ps. cxviii. 31). OE. -_scendan_. - -=sherif,= a title of the descendants of Mohammed, a title of the chief -magistrate of Mecca, and of Morocco; ‘The Sheriffe of Mecca’, Purchas, -Pilgrims, iii. 257. Arab. _sharîf_, noble, of noble lineage, -particularly, descending from Mohammed (Steingass). See =xeriff.= - -=sherris,= ‘sherry’, a Spanish wine, so called from the town Xeres. 2 -Hen. IV, iv. 3. 111, 114, 122, 131. The Arabic form of the place-name -Xeres was _Sherêysh_ (Dozy, Glossaire, p. 18). The Roman name was -_Caesaris Asidona_. By the loss of the first syllable, _Caesaris_ became -on the lips of the Moors _sherêysh_. For a similar decapitation of the -word _Caesar_, compare the name of the Spanish city _Zaragoça_, the -_Caesaraugusta_ of the Romans. - -=shewelle, sewell;= ‘A _sewell_, a thing to keep out the deer’, Howell, -Lexicon Tetraglotton; ‘Anything that is hung up is called a Sewel; and -those are used most commonly to amaze a Deare, and to make him refuse to -passe wher they are hanged up’, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. 1575, p. 98); -used _fig._, ‘Bugbeares of opinions brought, to serve as shewelles to -keep them from those faults’, Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia (ed. 1605, p. 267); -‘Shewell’ in the sense of a scarecrow is still in use in Oxfordsh. and -Berks. (EDD.). Cp. ME. _scheawle_, a scarecrow (Owl and N. 1648); -_a-schewelen_, to scare away (Stratmann, pp. 32, 528); deriv. of OE. -_scēoh_, timid, shy. - -=shift herself,= change her dress. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. -1. 8. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Shift, 2). - -=shine,= bright. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 3; ‘Girt my shine browe with -sea-banke Myrtle sprays’, Marlowe, tr. of Ovid’s Elegies, bk. i, 1. 34 -(Wks., ed. Tucker Brooke, 560). See =sheene.= - -=shirwood= = L. _lucus_. Phaer, Aeneid viii, 342. - -=shittle,= unstable, inconstant; ‘Their shittle hate’, Mirror for Mag., -Collingbourne, st. 3; ‘Shyttell, nat constant, _variable_’, Palsgrave. -ME. _schytyl_, ‘preceps’ (Prompt. EETS. 398), cogn. w. OE. _scēotan_, to -run hastily (Acts vii. 57); see Cook, Biblical Quotations, p. 234. - -=shittle-cock,= a shuttlecock. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 -(Allwit). ‘Shyttel cocke, _volant_’, Palsgrave. ME. _schytyl_, a shuttle -(in a child’s game), see Prompt. EETS. 398. - -=shive,= a slice, Titus Andron. ii. 1. 87. In gen. prov. use in -Scotland, Ireland, England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shive, sb.^{1} -1). ME. _schyve_ of bred or oþer lyke, ‘lesca, scinda’ (Prompt. EETS. -399). Cp. Icel. _skifa_, a slice, and G. _scheibe_. - -=shock-dog,= a rough-coated dog; a poodle. Wycherley, Gent. -Dancing-master, ii. 2 (Hippolyta); Tatler, no. 245. - -=shoe-the-mare,= a Christmas sport. Middleton, Inner-Temple Masque -(Plumporridge). ‘Shoe the old mare’ is the name of a kind of sport in -Galloway, see EDD. (s.v. Shoe, vb. 10). - -=shog,= to move off, go away. Henry V, ii. 1. 47, ii. 3. 47; _shog on_, -Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (near the end); _shogd_, shook, pushed; -Phaer, Aeneid ii, 465; _shog_, a jog, a shake. Dryden, Epil. to The Man -of Mode, 28. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME. _schoggen_, to shake (Wars -Alex. 5018). - -=shold,= a shoal, sandbank. Phaer, Aeneid i, 112; Hakluyt, Voyages, iii. -547. ‘Shald’ in various spellings is in prov. use in the north country, -meaning (1) shallow, (2) a shoal (EDD.). ME. ‘_schold_ or schalowe, -noȝte depe’ (Prompt.). OE. _sceald_, shallow (found in place-names); see -Dict. (s.v. Shallow). - -=shoot-anker,= sheet-anchor; hence, a means of security. Udall, Roister -Doister, i. 1. 28; ‘This saying they make their shoot-anker’, Cranmer -(cited in Dict., s.v. Sheet). - -=shope,= shaped, framed; pt. t. of _shape_. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 39. ME. -_shoop_, planned, devised (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 207), pt. s. of -_shapen_; OE. _scōp_, pt. s. of _sceppan_. - -=shoppini,= high-heeled shoes; ‘Those high corked shoes, which now they -call in Spaine and Italy _Shoppini_’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. -15; p. 49. See =cioppino= and =choppine.= See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). - -=shore,= a sewer. Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1; ‘The common shore’, A -Woman never vext (Mrs. Foster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 104; ‘Our -sailing ships like common shores we use’, Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. -558. ‘Shore’, once a common word for a sewer, is still preserved in -Shoreditch in London; also named Sewers Ditch; see Stow’s Survey, p. -158. It is in gen. prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and England, see EDD. -(s.v. Shore, sb.^{3} 1). - -=shoringness,= inclination to tilt to one side; ‘A table, of the which -the thirde foot was A little shorter then the rest. A tyle-sherd made it -even And tooke away the shoringness,’ Golding, Metam. viii. 662; fol. -103 (1603). ‘Shoring’ is in prov. use in E. Anglia, in the sense of -slanting, sloping, awry, see EDD. (s.v. Shore, vb.^{2} 4). - -=shot,= a payment, reckoning; esp. a contribution to the payment of a -tavern score; ‘_Escotter_, every one to pay his shot or to contribute -somewhat towards it’, Cotgrave; Two Gent. ii. 5. 9; _shot-free_, without -having to pay, 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 30. In gen. prov. and colloquial use in -Scotland, England, and America, see EDD. (s.v. Shot, sb.^{1} 1). ME. -_schot_, a payment (Stratmann). OE. _scot_, a contribution (in -compounds), see B. T. The Anglo-F. form is _escot_ (mod. _écot_), whence -E. _scot_, in _scot-free_, and _scot and lot_. See =escot, scot and -lot.= - - =shot-clog,= a dupe; one who was a _clog_ upon a company, but - was tolerated because he paid the _shot_ or reckoning. Eastward - Ho, i. 1 (Golding); B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Shun.); ‘A - _shot-clog_, to make suppers, and be laughed at’, B. Jonson, - Poetaster, i. 1 (Ovid senior). Spelt _shot-log_, Field, Amends - for Ladies, iii (end). - - =shot-shark,= a tavern waiter; because he sharks for (or hunts - after) the reckoning or shot. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, - v. 4. 1. - -=shotten,= lean. Fletcher, Women Pleased, ii. 4. 9. From the phr. -_shotten herring_, a herring that has spent the roe, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. -143. ‘As lean as a shot-herring’ is given in EDD. as a Derbyshire -saying. ‘Shotten’ is used in Kent of the herring that has spent its roe, -see EDD. (s.v. Shot, pp. 5). - - =shotten-souled,= deprived of a soul; soulless. Fletcher, Wit - without Money, iii. 4. 2. - -=shotterell, shotrell,= a pike in his first year; ‘An harlotrie [i.e. -worthless] _shotterell_’, Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Carion); ‘The -Shotrell, 1 year, Pickerel, 2 year, Pike, 3 year, Luce, 4 year, are -one’, W. Lauson, Comments on the Secrets of Angling; in Arber’s Eng. -Garner, i. 197. - -=shough,= a rough dog with shaggy hair. Macbeth, iii. 1. 94; Ford, -Lover’s Melancholy, iii. 3 (Grilla). Also in forms _shog_ and _shock_, -‘Nor mungrell nor shog’, Taylor’s Works, 1630 (Nares); ‘Their little -shocks or Bononia dogs’, Erminia, 1661 (Nares). - -=shough, shoo,= _interj._, away! used to scare away fowls. Fletcher, -Maid in the Mill, v. 1 (end). - -=shoule,= a ‘shovel’. Heywood, Fortune by Land and Sea, iv. 1 (Jack); -vol. vi, p. 424. For various forms of ‘shool’, a word which is in gen. -prov. use in the British Isles and America, see EDD. - -=shouler,= a bird; the ‘shoveller’ or spoonbill. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 353. -Skelton has _shouelar_ (= _shovelar_), Phylyp Sparowe, 408. - -=shovelboard,= the name of a game. The game was to _shuffle_ or drive by -a blow of the hand a counter or coin along a smooth _board_, so as to -pass beyond a line drawn across the board near the far end, but so as -not to fall off the board; ‘Plaieing at slide-groat or shoofleboard’, -Stanyhurst, Desc. of Ireland, ann. 1528; _Edward shovel-board_, a -shilling coined in the reign of Edward VI commonly used in the game of -shovel-board, Merry Wives, i. 1. 159. A similar game was called -_shove-groat_, hence _shove-groat shilling_, the coin used at the game, -2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 206; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 5. 17 (see -Wheatley’s note). See Nares. - -=shoyle,= to lean outwards on the foot in walking. Turbervile, Hunting, -c. 55 (p. 155), says that wild swine never ‘shoyle or leane outwards’, -as tame hogs do. See =shayle.= - -=shraming,= making a great noise, screaming; ‘Shraming shalms’, Golding, -Metam. iv. 392; fol. 48, back (1603); ‘She shraming cryed’, id., viii. -108; fol. 94. - -=shrewd,= malicious, mischievous, ill-natured, All’s Well, iii. 5. 68; -Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 33; bad, nasty, grievous, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. -244; Ant. and Cl. iv. 9. 5. The word is used in Shropshire in the sense -of ‘vicious’ (EDD.). ME. _schrewyd_, ‘pravus, pravatus, depravatus’ -(Prompt. EETS. 401). - -=shrich,= to ‘shriek’. Gascoigne, Philomene, ll. 22, 52. ME. -_schrichen_, variants _schriken_, _skriken_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 4590). - -=shrieve,= a ‘sheriff’. All’s Well, iv. 3. 213; 2 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 99. -ME. _shirreve_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 359). OE. _scīr-gerēfa_. See Dict. - -=shright,= _pt. t._ shrieked; ‘Out! alas! she shryght’, Sackville, -Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 18; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 8. 32. ME. -_shrighte_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2817), pt. t. of _schrychen_ (_schriken_) -to shriek. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Schrychen). - -=shright,= a shriek. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 57; vi. 4. 2. - -=shrill,= thin, poor; ‘Age . . . all balde or ouer-cast With shril, thin -haire as white as snow’, Golding, Metam. xv. 213. ‘Shrill’ (also -‘shill’) is in prov. use in Bedf. and Northants for thin, poor; also -clear, transparent, applied to book-muslin (EDD.). - -=shrill,= to sound shrilly, to resound. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 20; v. 7. -27. - -=shrimp,= a shrunken, wizened man. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 600. - -=Shrove-Tuesday bird,= a cock tied down, at which cudgels were thrown, -on a Shrove Tuesday. Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 3 (Lapet; near -the end). See Brand’s Pop. Ant. (ed. 1877, p. 37). - -=shroving,= joining in the ceremonies and sports of Shrove Tuesday. -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 5 (Eyre); Fletcher, Noble Gent. iii. 2 -(Lady). See EDD. (s.v. Shrove, vb.), where it is said that the custom of -‘shroving’, i.e. going round singing for money, &c., on Shrove Tuesday, -is known from Oxf. to Dorset. - -=shrow,= a ‘shrew’, a vixen, a scold. A frequent spelling of _shrew_ in -old editions of Shakespeare; and always pronounced so, cp. the rimes in -Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 213; v. 2. 28; v. 2. 188; _shroe_, Peele, Arraignment -of Paris, iv. 1 (Bacchus). - -=shug,= to slip, to wriggle. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Dog). See -EDD. (s.v. Shuck, vb.^{1} 2). - -=shuter,= a suitor. A common pronunciation of _suitor_; puns on -_shooter_ and _suitor_ occur often. London Prodigal, i. 2. 42; cp. L. L. -L. iv. 1. 110; Puritan Widow, il. 1. 97. - -=shuttle-brained,= thoughtless, flighty. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Cicero, § -6. From the movements of the _shuttle_. - -=sidanen,= a fine woman; an epithet. Northward Ho, ii. 1 (Capt. Jenkin). -Welsh _sidanen_, silken, made of silk; also, an epithet for a fine woman -(Owen). Applied sometimes to Queen Elizabeth; so Nares. - -=siddon,= soft, tender, mellow. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, iv. 1 (Piero). -Current in west midland counties, chiefly of peas or other vegetables -which become soft in boiling, see EDD. (s.v. Sidder). Cp. OE. _syde_, a -decoction, the water in which anything has been seethed or boiled (B. -T.). Cognate with _seethe_, pp. _sodden_; see Dict. (s.v. Seethe). - -=side,= long, hanging down a long way; ‘Side sleeves’, Much Ado, iii. 4. -21; Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 440; B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1 (Fly). In -prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _syde_, -as a gowne, ‘defluxus, talaris’ (Cath. Angl.); ‘syde sleeves’ (Hoccleve, -Reg. P. 535). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Syde). OE. _sīd_, ample, wide, -large, extensive. - -=side, to set up a,= to be partners in a game. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, -iii. 2 (Cent.). - -=sie, sye,= to strain milk. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 10. ‘I sye -mylke, or clense’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in Scotland, England down to -Glouc. (EDD.). OE. _sēon_ (_sīan_), to strain; cp. _asiende_, -‘excolantes’ (Matt. xxiii. 24, Mercian Gloss); see B. T. (s.v. _āsēon_). - -=siege,= a seat, esp. one used by a person of rank or distinction, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 39; hence, rank, Othello, i. 2. 22; the station of -a heron on the watch for prey, Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a -privy, Phaer, Pestilence (NED.); evacuation, B. Jonson, Sejanus, i. 2; -excrement, Tempest, ii. 2. 110. ME. _sege_, ‘sedes, secessus’ (Prompt. -EETS. 404, see notes). See =sege.= - -=sieve and shears,= a mode of divination; used for the recovery of -things lost. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face); Butler, Hud. i. 2. 848. See -EDD. (s.v. Riddle, sb.^{1} 1 (1)). - -=sifflement,= a whistling, chirping. Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (Auditus). F. -_siffler_, to whistle, L. _sifilare_, a dialect form of _sibilare_. - -=sight,= _pt. t._ sighed. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 20; vi. 10. 40. ME. -_sighte_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1035), pt. s. of _syke_, to sigh. - -=signatures,= marks. The medicinal virtues of some plants were supposed -to be indicated by their forms or by marks upon them. Butler, Hud. iii. -1. 329. - -=sikerly,= certainly, surely. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, last scene -(Gammer). Still in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Sickerly). ME. _sikerly_ (Chaucer); _sikerliche_ (P. Plowman). OE. -_sicor_, sure, safe; certain (B. T.). - -=silder,= less frequently. Tancred and Gismunda, ii. 3 (Lucrece); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 46. See =seld.= - -=silly,= simple, rustic; innocent. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 35; iii. 8. 27; -poor, wretched, weak, Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, pp. 491, 533. See -=sely.= - -=silverling,= a piece of silver; ‘Fifty thousande silverlynges’, -Tyndale, Acts xix. 9; so the Cranmer version, 1539, and the Geneva, -1557; BIBLE, Isaiah vii. 23; here Luther has _Silberlinge_. In Marlowe, -Jew of Malta, i. 1. 6, _silverling_ = the Jewish coin, the shekel. - -†=simming,= simmering. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 6. 27. - -=simper,= to twinkle, glimmer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, iii. -1. 8; ‘I mark how starres above Simper and shine’, G. Herbert, The -Church, The Search, l. 14. - -=simper,= to simmer; ‘I symper, as lycour dothe on the fyre before it -begynneth to boyle’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in north Ireland, west -Yorks., and east Anglia (EDD.). - -=simper-the-cocket,= an affected coquettish air; a woman so -characterised, a flirt. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Patrico); -Skelton, El. Rummyng, 55; _simper de cocket_, ‘_Coquine_, a -beggar-woman; also a simper de cockit, nice thing’, Cotgrave; Heywood’s -Proverbs, Pt. ii, ch. 1 (ed. Farmer, 52). See Nares. - -=simple,= a simple remedy, as a plant used medicinally without -admixture; ‘Where a sycknesse may be cured with symples’, Sir T. Elyot, -Castel of Helthe, bk. ii, c. 28; to gather simples or medicinal herbs, -Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 823. - -=simulty,= a grudge. B. Jonson, Discoveries, cxxii, § 2. F. _simulté_, a -grudge (Cotgr.). L. _simultas_, a hostile encounter, animosity. - -=sin,= since. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 44. In gen. prov. use (EDD.). ME. -_sithen_, since (Wars Alex.); see Dict. M. and S. OE. _sīððan_. - -=single:= _single money_, small change; ‘The ale-wives’ single money’, -B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 5 -(Pedro). - -=single,= in hunting, the tail of a deer; ‘The tayle of Harte, Bucke, -Rowe or any other Deare is to be called the Syngle’, Turbervile, -Hunting, 243 (NED.); Howell, Parley of Beasts, 63; used of Pan’s tail, -‘That single wagging at thy butt’, Cotton, Burlesque, 277 (Davies). -Hence, ‘a boy leasht on the single’, is explained by ‘beaten on the -taile’, Lyly, Midas, iv. 3 (Pet.). Still in prov. use in Northants. and -west Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Single, sb.^{1} 9). - -=singler,= a full-grown wild boar. Manwood, Lawes Forest, iv, § 5. See -=sanglier.= - -=singles,= the claws of a hawk. The middle claws were called the _long -singles_, and the outer the _petty singles_. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. -3 (Sir Francis). The _single_ was orig. the middle or outer claw on the -foot of the hawk (NED.). - -†=singles,= the entrails; ‘The singles (Lat. _prosecta_) also of a -wolfe’, Golding, Metam. vii. 271; fol. 82 (1603). Not found elsewhere. - -=sink and sise,= five and six; at dice; ‘All at sink and sise’, i.e. I -have lost all my effects at dice-playing, Like will to Like, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 346. - -=sinkanter,= a term of contempt; ‘One Volanerius, an old sinkanter or -gamester and scurrilous companion by profession’, Jackson, Creed, x. 19; -‘_Rocard_, an overworn sincaunter, one that can neither whinny nor wag -the tail’, Cotgrave. - -=si quis,= an advertisement; also called a bill. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, ii. 2 (end). From L. _si quis_, lit. if any one; from the -first two words; the advertisement begins: ‘_If there be any_ lady or -gentlewoman’, id., iii. 1 (Puntarvolo). Cp. Hall, Sat. ii. 5. 1. - -=Sir John,= a familiar appellation for a priest, because _John_ was a -common name, and it was usual to prefix _sir_ to a priest’s name. -Richard III, iii. 2. 111; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce). -Cp. Chaucer (C. T. B. 4000), ‘Com neer thou preest, com hider thou sir -John.’ See NED. (s.v. Sir, 4). - -=sirts of sand,= quicksands. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 7. For -_syrtes_, pl. of L. _Syrtis_, Gk. Σύρτις, the name of two large -sandbanks (Major and Minor) on the coast of Libya. Cp. ‘A boggy Syrtis’, -Milton, P. L. ii. 939. - -=sit,= to be fitting, to befit, suit; ‘It sits not’ (i.e. it is -unbecoming), Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; ‘With them it sits’, Shep. Kal., -May, 77; id., Nov., 26. In the north country ‘It sits him weel indeed’ -is often said ironically of a person who arrogates to himself more than -is thought proper, see EDD. (s.v. Sit, 16). _Sitting_, suitable, fit, -becoming; ‘To the [thee] it is sittynge’, Fabyan, Chron., Part vii, c. -232; ed. Ellis, p. 265; Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 149. - -=sith,= time; also _pl._ times. Spenser has ‘a thousand sith’, a -thousand times, F. Q. iii. 10. 33; also, ‘a thousand sithes’, Shep. -Kal., Jan., 49. OE. _sīð_, a journey, time. - -=sith,= since. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 95. ME. _sith_, since (Chaucer, C. T. -A. 930). - -=sithence,= since. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 47. ME. _sithenes_, since (P. -Plowman, B. x. 257; xix. 15). - -=six,= small beer; sold at 6_s._ a barrel; ‘A cup of six’, Rowley, A -Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim). - -=six and seven, to set all on,= ‘to risk all one’s property on the -hazard of the dice; _Omnem iacere aleam_, to cast all dice, . . . to set -al on sixe and seuen, and at al auentures to ieoperd’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Julius, § 7; ‘Or wager laid at six and seven’, Butler, Hud. iii. -1. 588. - -=skails,= a game like ninepins; the same as ‘kails’. ‘_Aliossi_, a play -called Nine pins or keeles, or skailes’, Florio (1598); North, tr. of -Plutarch, Alcibiades, § 1. See NED. (s.v. Skayles). - -†=skainsmate.= Only occurs as spoken by the Nurse in Romeo, ii. 4. 163, -‘Scurvy Knave! I am none of his flirt-gills; I am none of his -skainsmates’. The nurse was no very correct speaker, and in the heat of -her anger she has in this case become wholly unintelligible. The guesses -of the commentators and glossarists are devoid of probability. - -=skeen,= a knife. Merry Devil, ii. 2. 54; _skeane_, Spenser, State of -Ireland (Globe ed., p. 631); _skene_, Brewer, Lingua, i. 1 (first -stage-direction). Also _skaine_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 384. In prov. use in -Scotland and Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Skean). Sc. and Ir. Gaelic, -_sgian_, a knife. - -=skelder,= to beg impudently by false representations, to swindle -(Cant). B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Luscus); ib. (Tucca); iii. 1 -(Tucca); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). - -=skellet,= a ‘skillet’, a small pot or pan; a small kettle. Skelton, El. -Rummyng, 250; _skillet_, Othello, i. 3. 273. ‘Skellet’ (also ‘skillet’), -a small metal pan or saucepan, is in gen. prov. use in the British Isles -and America, see EDD. (s.v. Skillet). - -=skellum;= see =schellum.= - -=skelp,= to strike with the hand, to smack; ‘I shall skelp thee on the -skalpe’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2207. In gen. prov. use in the British -Isles; in England in the north and Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v. -Skelp, vb.^{1}). ME. _skelpe_, to smite with a scourge (Wars Alex. -1924). - -=skew at,= to look askance at, to slight. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal -Subject, ii. 1 (Putskie); ‘To skewe, _limis oculis spectare_’, Levins, -Manip. ‘To skew’ is in prov. use in the north of England in the sense of -to look askance at any one, see EDD. (s.v. Skew, vb.^{1} 18). - -=skew rom-bouse,= to quaff good drink (Cant). Middleton, Roaring Girl, -v. 1 (Song); _a skew_, a cuppe; Harman, Caveat, p. 83. - -†=skibbered= (?). - - ‘What slimie bold presumptuous groome is he, - Dares with his rude audacious hardy chat, - Thus sever me from skibbered contemplation?’ - Return from Parnassus, i. 6 (Furor). - -The Halliwell-Phillipps MS. of the play reads _skybredd_ (communicated -by Mr. Percy Simpson). Dr. H. Bradley suggests _skyward_. - -=skice, skise,= to frisk about, move nimbly, make off quickly; ‘Skise -out this way, and skise out that way’, Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 -(Randal). In prov. use—Sussex, Hampshire, &c. (EDD.). - -=skill,= to make a difference; ‘It skills not much’, it makes little -difference, Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 134; ‘It skills not’, it makes no -difference, Nero, v. 2; ‘It skilleth not’, Lyly, Euphues (ed Arber, -245). Extremely common from 1550 to 1650, see NED. - -=skillet,= see =skellet.= - -=skimble-skamble,= rambling, incoherent. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 154. See -=scamble.= - -=skimmington,= a ceremony practised on unpopular persons in various -parts of England; fully described in EDD. See Heywood, Witches of Lancs. -iv. 230; Oldham, Satires upon the Jesuits, iv (ed. R. Bell, p. 125). See -Brand’s Pop. Antiq., Cornutes (ed. 1877, p. 414), for an account of -‘Riding Skimmington’, where it is described as a ludicrous cavalcade -intended to ridicule a man beaten by his wife. - -=skink,= to draw or pour out liquor. B. Jonson, New Inn, i (Lovel); -Phaer, Aeneid vii, 133. Hence, _Under-skinker_, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 26. -ME. _skinke_, to pour out (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1722). For full account of -this verb see Dict. (s.v. Nunchion). - -=skipjack,= a pert fellow, a whipper-snapper. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1 -(Alph.); also, a horse-dealer’s boy, Dekker, Lanthorne, x; see Nares. -‘Skipjack’ is in prov. use in north of England in sense of a pert, -conceited fellow, see EDD. (s.v. Skip, vb.^{1} 1 (2 a)). - -=skipper,= a barn (Cant). ‘_A skypper_, a barne’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; -B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). Possibly Cornish _sciber_, -Welsh _ysgubor_, a barn (NED.), Med. L. _scopar_, ‘scuria, stabulum’ -(Ducange). - -=skirr,= to pass rapidly over a stretch of land; ‘Skirre the country -round’, Macbeth, v. 3. 35. Of doubtful origin (NED.). In prov. use in -the sense of to scurry, rush, fly quickly (EDD.). - -=skit,= skittish, restive. Spelt _skyt_, Skelton, Against the Scottes, -101. See EDD. (s.v. Skit, vb.^{2} 1). - -=skoase,= to chaffer, barter, exchange. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. -vi, ch. 31, st. 64. See =scorse.= - -=skope, skoope,= _pt. t._ of _scape_, scaped, escaped, got away. Phaer, -Aeneid ii, 458 (L. _evado_); _skoope_ = escaped to, id., vi. 425; -_skoope_, escaped, id., ix. 545 (L. _elapsi_). - -=skoser;= see =scorse.= - -=skull,= a skull-cap, helmet. Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, iv. -4. 5. - -=skull;= see =scull.= - -=skyrgaliard,= a wild or dissipated fellow, Skelton, Against the -Scottes, 101; id., Speke, Parrot, 427. See =galliard.= - -=slab up,= to sup up greedily and dirtily; ‘Ye never saw hungry dog so -slab (printed _stab_) potage up’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -ii. 215. See NED. (s.v. Slab, vb.^{2}). - -=slake,= a shallow dell, a glade, a pass between hills. Morte Arthur, -leaf 95. 6; bk. vi, c. 5. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in -various parts of England, in the north down to Lincoln, see EDD. (s.v. -Slack, sb.^{3} 1). Icel. _slakki_, a small shallow dell. - -=slam,= an ungainly person; ‘He is but a slam’, Vanbrugh, The Relapse, -v. 5 (Nurse); ‘A slam or slim Fellow is a skragged, tall, rawboned -Fellow’, Ray, N. C. Words (ed. 1691, 137), see NED. (s.v. Slam, adj.). - -=slampant:= in phr. _to give one the_ (or _a_) _slampant_, to play a -trick on; ‘Polyperchon . . . meaning to give Cassander a slampant . . . -sent letters Pattents’, North, Plutarch (ed. 1595, 805); ‘_Trousse_, a -cousening tricke, blurt, slampant’, Cotgrave; also in form _slampaine_, -‘The townesmen being pinched at the heart that one rascal . . . should -give them the slampaine’, Stanyhurst, Desc. of Ireland (ed. 1808, vi. -30); also spelt _slampam_, ‘Shal a stranger geve me the slampam?’, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 633. - -=slat,= to dash, strike violently. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 -(Malevole). In prov. use in various parts of England, meaning to throw -violently, to dash down water or other liquid, also, to strike, beat, -see EDD. (s.v. Slat, vb.^{3} 1). - -=slate,= a cant term for a sheet. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Trapdoor); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); Harman, Caveat, p. -61. - -=slaty,= muddy, rainy. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 258. ‘Slatty’ is a Warw. -word for muddy, see EDD. (s.v. Slat, sb.^{4} 1). - -=sled,= a sledge or sleigh used as a vehicle in travelling or for -recreation; ‘With milke-white Hartes upon an Ivorie sled Thou shalt be -drawen’, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2. In common prov. use for a low -cart without wheels, see EDD. (s.v. Sled, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _slede_, a -dray without wheels, a harrow, ‘traha’ (Prompt. EETS. 415). - -=sledded,= (perhaps) riding in ‘sleds’ or sledges; ‘He smote the sledded -Pollax on the ice’, Hamlet, i. 1. 63 (a _Polack_ is a Pole, an -inhabitant of Poland). So NED. - -=sledge,= a sledge-hammer; ‘To throw the sledge’, Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, v. 2 (Elder Loveless). A Devon word, see EDD. (s.v. -Sledge, sb.^{2}). - -=sleek,= plausible, specious. Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 241; Chapman, Eastward -Ho, ii. 2. Later variant form of ME. _slĭke_; see =slick.= - -=sleided silk,= sleaved silk, silk ravelled out, divided into filaments. -Pericles, iv, Prol. 21. - -=sleight,= a cunning trick, an artifice. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 81; -Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1; 3 Hen. VI, iv. 2. 20; spelt _slight_, -Middleton, More Dissemblers, iv. 1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 747. See Dict. - -=slent,= to slip or glide obliquely; ‘The stroke slented doune to the -erthe’, Morte Arthur, leaf 345. 24; bk. xvii, c. 1; to make sly hits or -gibes, ‘One Proteas, a pleasaunt conceited man, and that could slent -finely’, North, Plutarch (NED.); hence, _slent_, a sly hit or sarcasm, -‘Cleopatra found Antonius jeasts and slents to be but grosse’, ib., M. -Antonius, § 13 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 175). See EDD. (s.v. Slent, -vb.^{1}). - -=slibber-sauce,= a nauseous concoction, used esp. for medicinal -purposes, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 116); _slibber sawces_, buttery, -oily, made-up sauces, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 105). - -=slick,= smooth, plausible. Rawlins, Rebellion, iv. 1. 4. Cp. prov. -_slick-tongued_, smooth-tongued, plausible in speech, see EDD. (s.v. -Slick, adj.^{1} 6 (2)). ME. _slyke_, or smothe, ‘lenis’ (Prompt.). See -=sleek.= - -=slick,= to make smooth. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, l. 1144; Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xxiii. 249. In prov. use in England and America (EDD.). ME. -_slyken_, to make smooth (P. Plowman, B. ii. 98). - -=slidder,= slippery. The Pardoner and the Frere, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -i. 213; ‘My tongue is grown sae slip and slidder’, Stuart, Joco-serious -Discourse (ed. 1686, 20); see EDD. ME. _slydyr_, ‘lubricus’ (Prompt. -EETS. 416); ‘A slidir mouth worchith fallyngis’, Wyclif, Prov. xxvi. 28. -OE. _slidor_. - -=slidder,= to slip, to slide. Dryden, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 749. In prov. -use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.). OE. -_slid_(_e_)_rian_, to slip. - -=slifter,= a cleft or crack; ‘_Fente_, a cleft, rift, slifter, chinke’, -Cotgrave. A north-country word (EDD.). Hence _sliftered_, cleft, rifted, -Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). Cp. G. (dial.) _Schlifter_, -gully, watercourse. - -=slight;= see =sleight.= - -=slighten,= to slight, depreciate. B. Jonson, Sejanus (end). - -=slip,= a counterfeit coin. Often quibbled upon; as in Romeo, ii. 4. 51; -Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iii. 1 (Pickadill). See NED. (s.v. -Slip, sb.^{4}). - -=slipper,= slippery. Othello, ii. 1. 246. A west-country word, see EDD. -(s.v. Slipper, adj. 1). OE. _slipor_. - -=slipstring,= a knave; one who has eluded the halter. Gascoigne, -Supposes, iii. 1 (Dalio); ‘_Goinfre_, a wag, slipstring, knavish lad’, -Cotgrave. In prov. use the word means an idle, worthless, slovenly -person, so in Northants and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Slip, 3, (22)). - -=slive,= to slice, cleave; to strip off (a bough) by tearing it -downward; ‘I slyue a floure from his braunche’, Palsgrave; ‘The boughes -whereof . . . he cutting and sliving downe’, Warner, Alb. England, prose -addition on Aeneid ii, § 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, -see EDD. (s.v. Slive, vb.^{1} 1). ME. _slyvyn_, a-sundyr, ‘findo’ -(Prompt. EETS. 459). OE. (_to_)_-slīfan_, to split. - -=sliver,= a small branch split off from the tree. Hamlet, iv. 7. 174. In -gen. prov. use for a slice, a splinter of wood (EDD.). ME. _slivere_, a -piece cut or split off (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 1013). - -=sliver,= to slice off. Macbeth, iv. 1. 28. In prov. use: ‘If you sliver -away at the meat like that there’ll be none left for to-morrow’ -(Cambridge); see EDD. - -=sloape,= deceitful; ‘For hope is sloape’, Mirror for Mag., Ferrex, st. -18. ‘Slope’ (or ‘sloap’) is in prov. use in Yorks., meaning to trick, -cheat (EDD.). - -=slot,= the track of a stag or deer upon the ground. B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, i. 2 (John); to follow a track, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. -191. OF. _esclot_, hoof-print of a horse, &c. (Godefroy), probably of -Scand. origin, cp. Icel. _slōð_, a track; so NED. - -†=sloy,= a term of abuse for a woman. Warner, Alb. England, bk. xi, ch. -58, st. 26. Not found elsewhere. - -=slubber,= to sully, Othello, i. 3. 227; to obscure, 1 Part of Jeronimo, -ii. 4. 67; see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 374. In prov. use for obscuring -with dirt (EDD.). - -=slubberdegullion,= a slubbering rascal (Burlesque). Beaumont and Fl., -Custom of the Country, i. 2. 18; Butler, Hud. i. 3. 886. - -=sludge,= to turn into a soft mass, ‘The flame had sludgd the pitche, -the waxe and wood And other things that nourish fire’, Golding, Metam. -xiv. 532. - -=slug,= to be lazy, inactive. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 23; _slogge_, -Palsgrave; ‘Another sleeps and slugs both night and day’, Quarles, -Emblems (bk. i. 8, Luke vi. 25). ME. _sluggyn_, ‘desidio’ (Prompt.). - -=slug,= a slow, inactive person; ‘Fie, what a slug is Hastings, that he -comes not’, Richard III, iii. 1. 22; _slugge_, a hindrance, ‘Money would -be stirring, if it were not for this slugge’, Bacon, Essay 41, § 2. -‘_Slug_’ is in prov. use in the north country for a slow inactive person -or animal; in Somerset, esp. of a slow-going horse; ‘to slug’ in Yorks. -means to hinder, to retard progress (EDD.). ME. _slugge_, ‘deses, -segnis’ (Prompt.). - -=slur,= a method of cheating at dice; ‘Without some fingering trick or -slur’, Butler, Misc. Thoughts (ed. Bell, iii. 176). Also, a term in -card-playing, ‘’Gainst high and low, and slur, and knap’, Butler, Upon -Gaming. See NED. (s.v. Slur, sb.^{2} 2). - -=slurg,= to lie in a sleepy state, to lie sluggishly. Phaer, Aeneid vi, -424; id., ix. 190. G. (Swabian dial.) _schlurgen_, to go about in a -slovenly manner (J. C. Schmid). - -=smack,= to savour of, to taste of; ‘This veneson smacketh to moche of -the pepper’, Palsgrave; _fig._, ‘All sects, all ages smack of this -vice’, Meas. for M. ii. 2. 5. ME. _smakkyn_, ‘odoro’ (Prompt.). See -=smatch.= - -=smalach,= ‘smallage’, wild celery or water parsley, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 45. 20. ME. _smale ache_, ‘apium’ (Sin. Barth. 11), E. _small_ + F. -_ache_, wild celery, O. Prov. _ache_, _api_, Pop. L. *_apia_, L. -_apium_. - -=smatch,= a ‘smack’, taste, flavour. Jul. Caesar, v. 4. 46; Middleton, -The Widow, i. 1 (Martino). In prov. use in various parts of England -(EDD.). ME. _smach_, taste, flavour (NED.). OE. _smæc_(_c_. See =smack.= - -=smeath,= a small diving-bird; the ‘smee’ or ‘smew’, _Mergellus -albellus_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 67. - -=Smeck,= short for Smectymnuus, a fictitious name compounded of the -initials of the five men who wrote under that name, viz. Stephen -Marshall, Edward Calamy, Thomas Young, Matthew Newcomen, and William -Spurstow. They are said to have worn particular cravats, which Butler -calls _cravat of Smeck_, Hud. i. 3. 1166. - -=smelt,= a name applied to various small fishes, used (like _gudgeon_) -with the sense of simpleton. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 -(Mercury); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, v. 2 (end). - -=smelt,= a half-guinea (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 -(Hackum). - -=smicker,= elegant, handsome; ‘A smicker Swaine’, Lodge, Euphues (NED.); -smirking, gay, Peele, Eclogue Gratulatory, 4 (ed. Dyce, 561). Cp. the -obsolete Scotch _smicker_, to smile affectedly, to smirk (EDD.). OE. -_smicer_, elegant. - -=smickly,= fine, elegant, smart; or it may be used adverbially. Ford, -Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Raybright). Cp. Dan. _smykke_, to adorn, G. -_schmücken_. - -=smock:= _He was wrapt up in the tail of his mother’s smock_; said of -any one remarkable for his success with the ladies (Grose). See Marston, -What you Will, v. 1 (Bidet). ‘_Il est né tout coiffé_, Born rich, -honourable, fortunate; born with his mother’s kercher about his head; -wrapt in his mother’s smock, say we; also, he is very maidenly, -shame-faced, heloe’, Cotgrave. - -=smoke,= to get an inkling of, to smell or suspect (a plot), to detect. -Middleton, Roaring Girl (2 Cutpurse); ‘Sir John, I fear, smokes your -design’, Dryden, Sir M. Mar-all, 1; see NED. (s.v. 8). - -=smoky,= quick to suspect, suspicious, Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. -1 (Belfond senior). - -=smolder,= smoky vapour, a suffocating smoke the result of slow -combustion; ‘The smolder of smoke’, Bp. Andrewes, Serm. (ed. 1661, 472); -_to be smoldered_, to be suffocated, Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 98). -ME. _smolder_, smoky vapour (P. Plowman, B. xvii. 321). - -=smoor,= to smother. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 44; -‘She smoored him in the slepe’, Coverdale, 1 Kings iii. 19. In prov. use -in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Smoor, vb.^{1}). - -=smouch,= to kiss. Heywood, 1 King Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 40; -Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 155). In prov. use in -various parts of England (EDD.). Cp. G. (Swabian dial.) _schmutz_, -‘derber Kuss’ (Schmid). - -=smug,= to smarten up, to make trim or gay; freq. with _up_, Chapman, -tr. of Odyssey, x. 568; Drayton, Pol. x. 69; xxi. 73; Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 3 (Firk). ‘Smug’ is in prov. use in various -parts of England for smart, tidily dressed: also, as vb., to dress up -neatly (EDD.). - -=smuggle,= to hug violently, to smother with caresses, Otway, Ven. -Preserved, last scene; line 13 from end. In prov. use in Somerset and -Devon, see EDD. (s.v. Smuggle, vb.^{2}). - -=smug-skinnde,= sleek, smooth-skinned. Gascoigne, Herbs, ed. Hazlitt, i. -393. - -=snache;= see =snatch.= - -=’snails,= a profane oath, for ‘God’s nails’, i.e. ‘Christ’s nails’ on -the Cross. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey); -London Prodigal, v. 1. 222. Cp. Chaucer, ‘By goddes precious herte, and -by his nayles’ (C. T. C. 651). - -=snakes:= To _eat snakes_ was a recipe for enabling one to grow younger. -Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, i. 2 (Orlando); Beaumont and Fl., Elder -Brother, iv. 4 (Andrew). - -=snaphance,= a flint-lock used in muskets and pistols, Lyly, Mother -Bombie, ii. 1 (Dromio); a musket or gun fitted with a flint-lock, Capt. -Smith, Virginia, iii. 12. 93 (NED.). Du. _snaphaan_, ‘a firelock, fusee, -snaphaunce’ (Sewel). - -=snaphance,= an armed robber, a highwayman. Holinshed, Chron. ii. 684. -Du. ‘_snaphaan_, a Fuselier carrying a _snaphaan_’ (Sewel), also a -mounted highwayman. Cp. G. _schnapphahn_ in 1494, _schnapphan_, a -highwayman (Brant, Narrenschiff); _schnapphahn_ in prov. Germ. has also -the meaning of constable, thief-catcher. See Weigand and H. Paul (s.v.). -Cp. F. _chenapan_, ‘mot tiré de l’Allemand, où il désigne un brigand des -Montagnes noires; en François, il signifie un vaurien, un bandit’, Dict. -de l’Acad., 1762. - -=snapper,= to trip, to stumble. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 15, l. 4; id., -Ware the Hauke, 142; ‘I snapper as a horse dothe that tryppeth, _Je -trippette_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Snapper, -vb.^{1} 1). ME. _snapere_, to stumble: ‘Thi foot schal not snapere’ -(Wyclif, Prov. iii. 23); _snapir_ (Wars Alex. 847). - -=snar,= to snarl; ‘Tygres that did seeme to gren And snar at all’, -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. Du. _snarren_, to snarl (Hexham). - -=snarl,= to ensnare, entangle. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 17; J. Beaumont, -Psyche, ix. 275; Palsgrave. A north-country word for snaring hares or -rabbits, see EDD. (s.v. Snarl, vb.^{2} 2). ME. _snarlyn_, ‘illaqueo’ -(Prompt.). - -=snatch,= a trap, snare, entanglement; ‘The Chevalier . . . being taken -in a Gin like unto a Snatch’, Shelton, Quixote, iii. 1; spelt _snache_, -‘A new-founde snache which did my feet ensnare’. Mirror for Mag., -Carassus, st. 43. ME. _snacche_, a trap, snare (K. Alis. 6559). - -=sneaker,= a sneaking fellow; ‘Clarke is a pitifull proud sneaker’, -Reliq. Hearnianae (ed. Bliss, 483); ‘_Origlione_, an eavesdropper, a -listener, . . . a sneaker, a lurking knave’ (Florio). - -=sneap,= to nip or pinch with cold; ‘An envious sneaping Frost’ L. L. L. -i. 1. 100; ‘The sneaped birds’, Lucrece, 333. In prov. use in the north -of England: ‘They’n do well if they dunna get sneaped wi’ the frost’ -(Cheshire), see EDD. (s.v. Snape, vb. 2). Also, to check, repress, -reprove, chide, snub, Brome, Antipodes, iv. 9 (NED.); ‘A man quickly -sneapt’, Maiden’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Servant), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. -428. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _snaip_, to rebuke sharply (Cursor M. -13027), Icel. _sneypa_, to chide (NED. s.v. Snape, vb.^{1}). - -=sneb,= to reprimand sharply, Sidney, Arcadia, xxxiii. 22; _snebbe_, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 126. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.). In -Chaucer, C. T. A. 525, some MSS. have _snebbe_. Swed. dial. _snebba_ -(Rietz). See =snib.= - -=sneck up;= see =snick.= - -=snetched,= slaughtered; ‘A snetched Oxe’, Golding, Metam. v. 122 (Lat. -_mactati iuuenci_). Not found elsewhere. - -=snib,= to reprimand, rebuke sharply; ‘Christian snibbeth his fellow for -unadvised speaking’, Bunyan, Pilgr. Pr. i. 169; Middleton, Five -Gallants, ii. 3 (Tailor); Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 372; to snip off, as -with snuffers, Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole). In prov. use, in -the sense of rebuking sharply, in Scotland and north of England down to -Bedford (EDD.). ME. _snibben_, to rebuke (Chaucer, C. T. A. 523). Dan. -_snibbe_. See =sneb.= - -=snick:= _snick up_ (used imperatively), be hanged! London Prodigal, v. -1; Middleton, Blurt, Master Constable, iv. 1; _Snecke up!_, Twelfth Nt. -ii. 3. 101; also used with _go_, ‘Let him go snick up’, Beaumont and -Fl., Knt. Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Davenant, -Play-House (Works, ed. 1673, 116). ‘Snick up!’, in the sense of ‘Begone, -go and be hanged’, is said to be in use in west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. -Snickup, int. 4). - -†=snickfail;= ‘Whereas the snickfail grows, and hyacinth’, Webster, The -Thracian Wonder, i. 2. A misprint for _sinckfoil_ = _cinquefoil_; cp. -Greene, Menaphon (ed. Arber, 36); see NED. (s.v. Cinquefoil). -Communicated by Mr. Percy Simpson. - -=snickle,= a running noose. Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (Ithamar). In -prov. use in the north and east, esp. in Yorks. and Linc. (EDD.). Here, -for ‘snicle hand too fast’ we should probably read ‘two hands -snickle-fast’, see various conjectures in Tucker Brooke’s ed. of -Marlowe. - -=snig,= a young eel. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 96. In prov. use in various -parts of England (EDD.). ME. _snygge_, an eel (Cath. Angl.). - -=sniggle,= to fish for eels by means of a baited hook or needle thrust -into their holes or haunts. I. Walton, Angler, ch. x. [In the passage -cited by Todd and later Dicts. from Fletcher’s Thierry, ii. 2, ‘I have -snigled him’, the correct reading is doubtless ‘singled’, so NED.] - -=snob,= to sob. Puritan Widow, i. 1. 90; Middleton, Mad World, iii. 2. -In prov. use in Worc. and Glouc. (EDD.). ME. _snobbe_, to sob; ‘My -sobbyng (v.r. snobbyng) and cries’ (Wyclif, Lam. iii. 56). - -=snudge,= a miser, a mean person; ‘A covetous snudge’, Ascham, -Toxophilus (ed. Arber, p. 28); Dekker, O. Fortunatus, i. 2 (Shadow); -‘Snudge, _parcus_’, Levins, Manipulus. See EDD. - -=snudge,= to remain snug and quiet; ‘Now he will . . . eat his bread in -peace, And snudge in quiet’, G. Herbert, Temple, Giddinesse, 11. In -prov. use in the north country and in E. Anglia (EDD.). - -=snuff:= in phr. _to take_ (_a thing_) _in snuff_, to take (a matter) -amiss, to take offence at; ‘Mr. Mills . . . should take it in snuffe -that my wife did not come to his child’s christening’, Pepys, Diary, -1661, Oct. 6; ‘Who therewith angry . . . Took it in snuff’, 1 Hen. IV, -i. 3. 41; _to take snuff at_, to take offence at a thing, Fuller, -Joseph’s Coat (ed. 1867, 51). ‘Snuff’ in these phrases refers probably -to the act of ‘snuffing’ as an expression of contempt or disdain, see -NED. (s.v. sb.^{2} 1), and EDD. (s.v. sb.^{1} 1). - -=soader,= to ‘solder’, cement together. Rowley, All’s Lost, iii. 1. 34; -_sodder_, Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, iii. 1 (Janir). - -=soar-falcon,= a falcon or hawk of the first year that has not moulted -and still has its red plumage; ‘Of the soare faulcon so I learne to -fly’, Spenser, Hymn Heav. Beauty, 26; Latham, Falconry, 37; see Nares -(s.v. Sore-Hawk). F. _Faulcon sor_, a soar Hawk; _Harenc sor_, a red -Herring (Cotgr., s.v. Sor). Anglo-F. _sor_, reddish brown (Rough List). -O. Prov. _sor_, _saur_, Ital. _sauro_. See =sore= (a buck). - -=sod,= boiled; _pret._ of ‘seethe’; ‘Sod Euphrates . . . sod Orontes’, -Golding, Metam. ii. 248. The reference is to the boiling of rivers -during the mad career of Phaethon; Ovid has ‘Arsit et Euphrates’, &c. - -=sodder;= see =soader.= - -=soggy,= soaked with moisture, soppy; hence, heavy (like damp and green -hay). B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 2 (Mitis). In prov. use in -various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Sog, sb.^{2} 3). - -=soil,= a miry or muddy place used by a wild boar for wallowing in; -‘_Sueil_, the soyle of a wild Bore, the mire wherein hee commonly -walloweth; _se souiller_ (of a swine), to take soyle, or wallow in the -mire’, Cotgrave. The phr. ‘to take soil’ corresponds to F. _prendre -souille_. _Souille_ is a deriv. from _souiller_, to soil with mud, -Romanic type *_soc’lare_, deriv. of L. _sŭcula_, a little sow. - -=soil,= a pool or stretch of water, used as a refuge by a hunted deer or -other animal, Turbervile, Hunting, 241; _to take soil_, to take to the -water, as a hunted deer, id., 148; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarl); -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 4. 6. See above. - -=soil,= to expound, explain, to resolve a doubt; ‘I have not learned to -soyle no riedles’, Udall, tr. Apoph. 309 (NED.); ‘_Souldre_, to cleere -or soile a doubt’, Cotgrave. Anglo-F. _soiler_, OF. _soldre_, L. -_solvere_, to loosen, to explain. - -=soil,= to absolve from sin, ‘I soyle from synne, _je assouls_’, -Palsgrave. For _assoil_, Anglo-F. _assoiler_, to absolve, pardon (Rough -List); OF. _assoldre_, L. _absolvere_; see Moisy. - -=sokingly,= slowly, gently, gradually; ‘Sokingly, one pece after an -other’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, § 32. ME. _sokingly_, ‘sensim, -paulatim’ (Prompt. EETS. 147); ‘By good leyser sokingly, and nat over -hastily’ (Chaucer. C. T. B. 2767). - -=Sol,= the sun. Peele, Poems (ed. Routledge, p. 601); an alchemist’s -term for gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol). - -=sol,= a small coin, B. Jonson, Volpone, iv. 2 (Bonario); Marmion, The -Antiquary, iii. 1 (Ant.). OF. _sol_; L. _solidus_ (sc. _nummus_), a gold -coin (in the time of the emperors). - -=solayne,= sullen, melancholy. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 16, 1. 51; -_soleyne_, id., Bowge of Courte, 187; _solein_, Spenser, Shep. Kal., -May, 213. ME. _soleyn_, of maners or he þat lovyth no company, -‘solitarius, Acheronicus’. (Prompt. EETS. 421); ‘The soleyn fenix of -Arabye’ (Chaucer, Boke Duch. 982). - -=sold,= pay, remuneration, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 6. Med. L. _soldum_, -pay, related to L. _solidus_, a piece of money; see =sol.= - -=soldado,= a soldier. B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2 (_or_ 1) -(Downright). Span. _soldado_, one who is paid; a soldier; deriv. of Med. -L. _soldum_, pay. See above. See Stanford. - -=soldan,= the supreme ruler of a Mohammedan country, Marlowe, 1 -Tamburlaine, iii. 2. 31; Milton, P. L. i. 764. ME. _soldan_ (Gower, C. -A. i. 245); Ital. _soldano_; Arab, _sulṭân_. - -=sole;= see =sowl.= - -=solein;= see =solayne.= - -=solf,= to sing the notes of the _sol-fa_, or gamut; to sing. Calisto -and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 71; _solfe_, Skelton, Phyllyp -Sparowe, 415. ME. _solfe_ (P. Plowman, B. v. 423). - -†=solidare,= a small piece of money. Timon, iii. 1. 46. Not found -elsewhere. - -=sollar,= an upper room. Udall, tr. Erasmus, Acts xx. 8 (= ὑπερῷον, -_cenaculum_); a loft, ‘Sollars full of wheat’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, -iv. 1 (Barabas). The word is still in prov. use in various parts of -England with many meanings: esp. an upper room, a first-floor apartment; -loft or garret (EDD.). The Gk. word ὑπερῷον (Vulg. _cenaculumm_) in Acts -xx. 8 is rendered by _soler_ in Wyclif’s tr. (Luther has _söller_). In -the Heliand and in Tatian _soleri_ = ‘cenaculum’. ME. _solere_ or lofte, -‘solarium’ (Prompt.); ‘Soler-halle at Cantebregge’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -3990, see Notes); OE. _solor_ (_soler_-); L. _solarium_, a part of the -house exposed to the sun, esp. a flat house-top (Vulgate, 2 Sam. xi. 2). - -=somedele,= somewhat, in some measure, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 40. In -prov. use in Scotland, Yorks., Northants, see EDD. (s.v. Some, 1 (3)). -ME. _somdel_, in some measure (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3911). - -=somer,= a ‘summer’, a supporting beam, a support. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, § 5. 22. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Summer, sb.^{2}). F. -_sommier_, ‘the piece of timber called a Summer’ (Cotgr.); OF. _somier_, -a pack-horse (Burguy); Med. L. _saumarius_, _sagmarius_, ‘equus -clitellarius’ (Ducange); deriv. of _sagma_, a pack, burden; Gk. σάγμα. -See Dict. (s.v. Sumpter). For the development of meaning from ‘a kind of -horse’ to a ‘timber-beam’, cp. F. _poutre_, (1) a filly, (2) a -supporting beam. - -=somner,= an official summoner. Middleton, A Trick to catch, ii. 1 -(Lucre). ME. _somner_ (P. Plowman, C. iii. 59); _somnour_, summoner, -apparitor, an officer who summoned delinquents before the ecclesiastical -courts (Chaucer, C. T. A. 543). - -=sonde,= a sending, a messenger. Morte Arthur, leaf 420, back, 13; bk. -xxi, c. 1. OE. _sand_ (_sond_), a sending, message. - -=sonties:= in phr. _by God’s sonties_, an oath used by old Gobbo in -Merch. Ven. ii. 1. 17. The same as _God’s santy_, Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. I, v. 2 (Bellafront). Adapted from OF. _saintée_, _sancteit_, -sanctity, holiness (Godefroy). - -=soop,= to sweep; ‘A sooping traine’, Return from Parnassus, i. 2 -(Judicio); _sooping it_, sweeping alone; id., v. 1 (Studioso). Icel. -_sōpa_, to sweep. - -=sooreyn,= jaded feeling, exhaustion; ‘Abundance breedes the sooreyn of -excesse’, Gascoigne, Grief of Joy, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 286. A -back-formation from the verb _to surrein_, to overtire. See =surreined.= - -=soote,= sweetly, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 111; also sweet, Surrey, -Description of Spring, 1. ME. _sote_, sweetly (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. -2612), OE. _swōte_, sweetly. Chaucer has also _sote_ as adj. sweet (C. -T. A. 1), but the OE. adj. is _swēte_. - -=sooterkin,= an imaginary kind of afterbirth formerly attributed to -Dutch women; ‘There goes a report of the Holland Women that together -with their children they are delivered of a Sooterkin, not unlike a Rat, -which some imagine to be the Offspring of the Stoves’, Cleveland (NED.); -Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 146. [Swift to Delany (Works, ed. 1755, III. ii. -232); Pope, Dunciad, i. 126; ‘Sooterkin, _maankalf_’, Calisch.] See -=mooncalf.= - -=sooth,= to declare a statement to be true, to corroborate it. Udall, -Roister Doister, i. 1. 47; to support a person in a statement, ‘Sooth me -in all I say’, Massinger, Duke Milan, v. 2; _to sooth up_, ‘Sooth me in -all I say’, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 10. 19. The same word as _soothe_, -OE. _sōðian_, to show to be true. The pronunciation of the verb is due -to the sb. _sooth_, OE. _sōð_. - -=sophie,= wisdom; ‘The seuenfold sophie of Minerue’, Grimald, Death of -Zoroas, 67; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. Gk. σοφία. - -=sops-in-wine,= a name given to some kind of gilliflower or pink. -Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 138; B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd, -l. 6). See Nares. - -=sord,= ‘sward’, turf. Milton, P. L. xi. 433; _greene-sord_, green -sward, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 157 (so Fol. 1). - -=sore,= a buck of the fourth year. Phaer, Aeneid x. 725 (L. _cervum_). -‘The bucke . . . the iij. yere a sowrell, A _sowre_ at the iiij. yere’, -Book of St. Albans, fol. e, iiij. - - =sorel,= a buck of the third year; ‘Sorell jumps from thicket’, - L. L. L. iv. 2. 60; ‘Sorell, a yonge bucke’, Palsgrave; see NED. - (s.v. Sorrel, sb.^{2} 2). Anglo-F. _sorel_, a reddish-brown - horse (Ch. Rol. 1379), deriv. of _sor_ (id., 1943). See - =soar-falcon.= - -=sore.= Of the hare: to traverse open ground, ‘I might see [the hare] -sore and resore’, i.e. dart off, first in one direction and then in -another, Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (end). ‘When he gooth the howndys -before, He sorth and resorth’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. e 8, back. - -=sore,= to make sore, to hurt. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 38. - -=sort,= a company, assemblage of people: Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 13; -Richard II, iv. 1. 246; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 5; Ps. lxii. 3 (Great -Bible, 1539); rank, degree, ‘A gentleman of great sort’, Hen. V, iv. 7. -143; _of sorts_, of various kinds, ‘They have a king and officers of -sorts’ (id., i. 2. 190). Anglo-F. _sort_, company, assemblage (Gower, -Mirour, 16800). - -=sortilege,= a drawing of lots. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., pt. 1, § 18. -F. _sortilège_, L. _sortilegium_. - -=soss,= to make oneself wet and dirty, to dabble; ‘Sossing and possing, -dabbling in mire’, Gammer Gurton’s Needle; i. 4 (Hodge); _sost_, pp. -made wet and dirty, Tusser, Husbandry, § 48. 20. In prov. use in various -parts of the British Isles, see EDD. (s.v. Soss, vb.^{2} and vb.^{3}). - -†=sothbind.= ‘But late medcynes can help no sothbynde sore’, Mirror for -Mag., Richard, st. 10 (ed. 1578 has: ‘no _festered_ sore’). Not found -elsewhere. See Nares. - -†=sothery.= The devils are described as having—‘Theyr taylles wel -kempt, and, as I wene, With sothery butter theyr bodyes anoynted’, -Heywood, The Four Plays, v. 87, Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 18, col. 2; -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 376. Does it mean ‘Surrey butter’? Surrey is spelt -_Sothery_ in Reliquiae Antiquae, i. 269; and _Sothray_ in Skelton, El. -Rummyng, 96. - -=souce;= see =souse.= - -=soud,= to consolidate, make whole. Pp. _souded_, Morte Arthur, leaf -359. 20; bk. xvii, c. 19. F. _souder_, to consolidate; L. _solidare_. - -=souder,= to be soldered together, to become whole; ‘The pecys . . . -soudered as fayr as euer they were to-fore’, Morte Arthur, leaf 348. 12; -bk. xvii, c. 4. - -=soul,= a part of the viscera of a cooked fowl. Heywood, Eng. Traveller, -ii. 1 (Clown). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, sb.^{1} 8). ‘_Âme_, the soule of a -capon or gose’, Palsgrave; ‘_Mazzacáre_, the tender part of any bird or -fowl, in a Goose it is called the Soul’ (Florio). See EDD. (s.v. Soul, -sb.^{1} 8) and Notes and Queries (8th S. ii. 169). - -=souling,= relishing, affording a relish; _souling well_, affording a -good relish, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 32. Cp. the north -country prov. word _sowl_(_e_, a relish, dainty, anything eaten with -bread (EDD.). OE. _sufl_. - -=sound,= to swoon, Two Angry Women, iii. 2 (Francis); Heywood, Four -Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 181; a swoon, ‘a deadly sound’, id., Fair -Maid of the Exchange (Anthony), vol. ii, p. 15; Udall, Roister Doister, -iii. 3. 94; ‘She fell into a traunce or sownde’, Stubbes, A Christall -Glasse (ed. Furnivall, 202). In common prov. use in Scotland, also in -England in various parts, esp. in Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Sound, -vb.^{2}). See =sowne= (2). - -=sounder,= a herd of wild swine. Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, iv. 163; -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert); ‘That men calleth a trip of a -tame swyn is called of wylde swyn a soundre, that is to say ȝif ther be -passyd v or vi togedres’ (Halliwell). OE. _sunor_: ‘sunor bergana’ (Luke -viii. 32, Lind.) = ‘grex porcorum’ (Vulg.). - -=sourd,= to arise. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 7; Fabyan’s -Chron., ed. 1811, p. 436; p. 499, l. 23. ME. _sourde_, to arise -(Chaucer, C. T. I. 475); F. _sourdre_; L. _surgere_. - -=sous, souse,= a ‘sou’, a small coin. Farquhar, The Inconstant, i. 2 -(Old Mirabel); Prior, Down Hall, st. 33. [‘Those most heav’nly pictures -. . . For which the nation paid down every souse’, Peter Pindar, Works -(ed. 1816, p. 397).] An obsolete Scotch word (EDD.). - -=souse,= to swoop down like a hawk. Heywood, Dialogue, 181 (Mercury), -vol. vi, p. 247; to deal a heavy downward blow, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 6; -Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules); the downward swoop of a bird of prey, -the sudden blow given by a ‘sousing’ hawk, Drayton, Pol. xx. 241; -Heywood, A Woman Killed, i. 3. 2; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). -The word as applied in falconry meant originally the upward spring or -swoop of a bird of prey; an older form was _sours_; OF. _sorse_ (mod. -_source_), lit. the ‘rise’ of the hawk; cp. Chaucer, C. T. D. 1938, and -Hous Fame, ii. 36. See Dict. (s.v. Souse), and Notes on Eng. Etym. 275. - -=souse,= brine for pickle. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, ii. 1 -(Normandine); ears and feet of a pig in pickle, Tusser, Husbandry, § 12; -Butler, Hud. i. 2. 120; hence _souse-wife_ (_sowce-wife_), a woman who -sold ‘souse’, Greene, George-a-Greene (ed. Dyce. 257); Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Hol. ii. 3 (Firk). ME. _sowce_, ‘succidium’ (Prompt. EETS. -424, see note, no. 2063); OF. _sous_ (_souz_), see Godefroy (s.v. Soult, -2); cp. OHG. _sulza_ (Schade), O. Prov. _soltz_, ‘viande à la -vinaigrette’ (Levy); Ital. _solcio_, a seasoning of meat (Florio). Cp. -also OF. _solcier_, ‘confire de la viande dans du vinaigre et des -épices’ (Raschi). See note on ‘Solz’, in Romania, 1910, p. 176. - -=sovenance,= remembrance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 8; Shep. Kal., May, 82, -Nov., 5. Anglo-F. _sovenance_ (Gower, Mirour, 8244); F. _souvenance_, -‘memorie, remembrance’ (Cotgr.). - -=sovereign,= a gold coin, a ten-shilling piece. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, v. 7 (Fallace). - -=sow,= a large lump of metal; ‘Sowes of gold’, Mirror for Mag., King -Chirinnus, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘_Pano di metallo_, a mass, a sow or ingot of -metal’ (Florio). - -=sowce-wife;= See =souse= (2). - -=sow-gard,= a protecting shield or shelter (= L. _testudo_). Stanyhurst, -tr. of Aeneid, ii. 451. A sow was a military engine consisting of a -movable roof arranged to protect men handling a battering-ram or -advancing to scale walls. - -=sowl,= to pull by the ears. Coriolanus, iv. 5. 213 (old edd. _sole_); -spelt _sole_, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, iv. 1 (Vulcan); vol. v, p. 137. -‘Sowl’ is in prov. use in many spellings (_soul_, _sool_, _sole_, -_soal_, _saul_), meaning to pull by the ears, also to hit on the head, -see EDD. (s.v. Sowl, vb.^{1}). - -=sowne, soune,= a sound, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 2, § 2; c. -13, § 4; to sound, ‘Sowning through the sky’, Tottel’s Misc., p. 202. -ME. _sowne_ (_soune_), to sound (Chaucer). F. _son_, sound; _sonner_, to -sound. - -=sowne,= to swoon, Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 483; a swoon, Puritan Widow, i. -3. 42. In prov. use for swoon, see EDD. (s.v. Sound, vb.^{2} 1). ME. -_sownyn_, ‘sincopo’ (Prompt. EETS. 324). See =sound.= - -=sowse;= see =souse.= - -=sowter, souter,= a cobbler. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iv. 3 -(Rosalura); Women Pleased, iv. 1 (Soto); Mad Lover, ii. 1. 22. In prov. -use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _souter_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3904); -OE. _sūtere_; L. _sutor_. - -=soyle,= the watery place in which a hunted animal takes refuge. -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; p. 115. Used to signify the hunted animal; -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 16. See =soil= (pool). - -=space,= to walk or roam about. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 44. Cp. Ital. -_spaziare_, to walk about (_spatiare_ in Florio). L. _spatiari_, whence -also O. Prov. _espasiar_, reflex, ‘se promener’ (Levy), and G. -_spazieren_. Cp. Med. L. ‘_Spatiamentum_, ambulatio, deambulatio, animi -relaxatio’ (Ducange). - -=spade,= to make a female animal barren, to ‘spay’. Chapman. Widow’s -Tears, v (Governor). Med. L. _spadare_, ‘spadonem facere’ (Ducange), -deriv. of L. _spado_, Gk. σπάδων, one who has no generative power, -eunuch. See =spay.= - -=spade-bone,= blade-bone, shoulder-bone. Drayton, Pol. v. 266; Skinner -(ann. 1671). In prov. use (EDD.). _Spade_ = Norm. F. _espalde_, ‘épaule’ -(Moisy). For the phonology cp. jade = Icel. _jalda_, a mare, through OF. -*_jaude_, *_jalde_. See below. - -=spalle,= a shoulder. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ‘Spawl’ (‘spaul’) is in -prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spaul). OF. _espalle_, _espalde_ -(F. _épaule_), Med. L. _spatula_, a shoulder-blade, L. _spatula_, a -broad-bladed knife. See =spade-bone.= - -=span-counter,= a boys’ game. One boy throws down a counter, which -another wins, if he can throw another so as to hit it or lie within a -span of it. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 3; Northward Ho, i. 2 (Philip). See Nares. - -=spang,= a spangle. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1162; Bacon, Essay 37. Hence -_spang’d_, spangled, Three Lords and Three Ladies (Shealty), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 467. - -=Spanish fig,= a poisoned fig. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. -Dyce, p. 30. - -=Spanish needle,= a needle of the best quality. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. -Constable, ii. 1. 6. - -=Spanish pike,= a needle; jocosely. Ford, Sun’s Darling, ii. 1 (Folly). - -=spare, spaire, spayre,= an opening or slit in a gown or petticoat. -_Spayre_, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 345; ‘_Sparre_ of a gowne, _fente de -la robe_’, Palsgrave; Skene, Difficill Scottish Words (ann. 1681). ME. -_speyre_ of garment, ‘cluniculum’ (Prompt. EETS. 427, see note, no. -2083); _spayre_, ‘manubium, cluniculum’ (Cath. Angl.). - -=Spargirica,= a name for Alchemy; ‘Ars Spagyrica’ (misspelt), B. Jonson, -Alchemist, ii. 5 (ed. 1616). Ital. _Spargirica_, a name given to Alchemy -from its separating and analysing chemical substances (Fanfani). -Cotgrave has ‘_Spargirie_, Alchymie’, and ‘_Spargirique_, an Alchemist’. -Florio has ‘_Spargirio_, Alchymy or the Extraction of Quintessences’. - -=spark,= a diamond. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Rolliardo). - -=sparkle,= to scatter, disperse. Beaumont and Fl., Loyal Subject, i. 5. -4; Humorous Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius); _sparkling_, scattering, -Bonduca, iii. 2 (near the end). See Nares, and Trench’s Select Glossary -(ed. 1890). In prov. use in Yorks. (EDD.). See =disparkle.= - -=sparse,= to scatter. Fairfax, Tasso, xii. 46; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, -xi. 268. L. _spars-us_, pp. of _spargere_, to scatter. See =sperse.= - -=spaw,= a spa, place with mineral waters; ‘Your Tunbridge, or the Spaw -itself’, B. Jonson, News from the New World (1 Herald); _The Spawe_, -Gascoigne, Works, i. 376 (1572). So named from _Spa_, in Belgium. - -=spay,= to render female animals barren; ‘Geld your loose wits, and let -your Muse be spay’d’, Cleveland (Johnson’s Dict.). Anglo-F. *_espayer_ -(OF. _espeër_) < Med. L. _spadare_, to deprive of generative power -(Ducange). See =spade.= - -=speed,= to dispatch, destroy, kill; ‘With a speeding thrust his heart -he found’, Dryden (Johnson); _sped_, pp. done for, Romeo, iii. 1. 94; -Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 72; _speeding-place_, the place where a wound is -fatal, and the man is sped. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Quadratus); -Chapman, Widow’s Tears, i (Tharsalio). - -=spence,= expense; ‘Spence, cost, _despence_’, Palsgrave; Ascham, -Toxophilus, 122. ME. _spense_, spendynge, ‘dispensa’, Voc. 578. 45; -_spence_, or expence (Prompt. EETS. 427). - -=spence,= a buttery, a larder; ‘Spens, a buttrye, _despencier_’, -Palgrave; _spence_, The Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 35 -(Taverner). In prov. use in Scotland and the north country, meaning a -larder, pantry, store-cupboard, see EDD. (s.v. Spense). ME. _spence_, -botery, ‘promptuarium’ (Prompt. EETS. 427). - -=sperage,= ‘the herb asparagus; it is so called by Gerard, and all the -old botanists, as its English name’ (Nares). North, tr. Plutarch, Jul. -Caesar, § 16 (in Shaks. Plut., p. 58); Sylv. Du Bartas, Furies (Nares); -Haven of Health, c. xxiii, p. 45 (id.). A Glouc. form (EDD.). ME. -_sperage_, asparagus (Palladius, Husbandry, 112). - -=spere,= used in the sense of a youth, a stripling; ‘A lusty spere’, -Skelton, Magnyfycence, 947; Poems ag. Garnesche, iii. 41. Prob. a _fig._ -use of ‘spere’, a young shoot or sprout, still in prov. use, see EDD. -(s.v. Spear, sb.^{1} 7). - -=spere, speer,= to shoot, sprout, a term in malting, Tusser, Husbandry, -§ 84. 5. See =spire.= - -=sperhauk,= sparrowhawk. Morte Arthur, leaf 301. 34; bk. xii, c. 7. Cp. -OE. _spearhafoc_ (Voc. 132. 26); _spearwa_, sparrow + _hafoc_, hawk. - -=sperre,= to shut, fasten, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224; Tr. and Cr., -Prol. 19 (Theobald’s emendation); ‘I sperre, _Je ferme_. This verbe is -of the northyrne langaige and nat commynly in use’, Palsgrave. _Spear_, -‘to bar or fasten a door’, is a Northumbrian word, see EDD. (s.v. Speer, -vb. 6. 2); ‘To _sper_, to shut, to fasten a door with a bar of wood’ -(Jamieson). ME. _sperre_, ‘claudere’ (Cath. Angl.); _sperred_, barred -(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 521). Cp. G. _sperren_, to shut (in or out). - -=sperse,= to scatter, ‘disperse’. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 39; v. 3. 37. - -=spertle,= to sprinkle with fluid, Drayton, Pol. ii. 283. In prov. use -in the Midland counties, see EDD. (s.v. Spirtle). - -=spheres.= Peacham, Compl. Gentleman, c. 7, gives the old eleven -spheres: ‘The eleventh heaven is the habitation of God and his angels. -The tenth, the first moover [_primum mobile_]. The ninth, the -Christalline heaven. The eighth, the starry firmament. Then the seven -planets in their order’ [viz. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, -Mercury, Moon]. In the Ptolemaic astronomy, the sun went round the -earth, which was the immovable centre of the universe. - -=spial,= a spy. Bacon, Essay 44. In some edd. for _espial_ in 1 Hen. VI, -i. 4. 8; _spials_, spies, Marl. 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 2. 35. See =espial.= - -=spice,= a species, kind, sort. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 1, -§§ 1, 3; ‘Spyce, a kynde, _espece_’, Palsgrave. ME. _spice_, species, -kind: ‘Absteyne you fro yvel spice’ (Wyclif, 1 Thess. v. 22); ‘The -spices (v.r. speces) of envye ben these’ (Chaucer, C. T. I. 490). OF. -_espice_, a species, L. _species_, a kind, sort (Vulgate, 1 Thess. v. -22). - -=spiced,= scrupulous, over-nice, too particular; ‘Out of a scruple he -took . . . in spiced conscience’, B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, i. 1 -(Quarlous); Sejanus, v. 4 (Sej.); Fletcher, Mad Lover, iii. 1 -(Cleanthe). See note on Chaucer, C. T. A. 526. See =spice.= - -=spick,= lard. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 335. In Scotland the fat of -animals, the blubber of whales (EDD.). ME. _spyke_ or fette flesch, -‘popa’ (Prompt. EETS. 428). Icel. _spik_, the fat of seals or whales, -cp. OE. _spic_, fat bacon; G. _speck_, bacon, lard. - -=spilt,= (perhaps) inlaid with thin slips. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 5. See -EDD. (s.v. Spill, sb.^{2} 1). - -=spilth,= a spilling, pouring out. Used of wine, Timon, ii. 2. 169. A -Scottish word; also in use in Suffolk (EDD.). - -=spinet,= a spinny, a copse, thicket. B. Jonson, The Satyr, first -stage-direction. L. _spinetum_, a thicket of thorns; from _spina_, -thorn. - -=spinner,= a spider. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Mids. -Night’s D. ii. 2. 21; Romeo, i. 4. 59; ‘Spynner or spyder, _herigne_’, -Palsgrave; ‘_Araigne_, a spider or spinner’, Cotgrave. In prov. use -(EDD.). ME. _spynner_, ‘arania’ (Prompt.). - -=spintry,= a male prostitute. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iv. 5 (Arruntius). L. -_spintria_. - -=spiny,= slender. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, iii. 2 (1 Puritan); A Mad -World, iii. 2. 7. Cp. prov. words _spindly_, _spindling_, _spindle_, -meaning slender, see EDD. (s.v. Spindle). - -=spire,= to sprout, shoot forth. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 52. In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Spire, vb.^{1} 8). ME. _spyryn_, as corn or odyre -lyk, ‘spico’; _spyre_ of corne (Prompt. EETS. 429 and 463). OE. _spīr_ -(Leechdoms), cp. Dan. _spire_, a germ, sprout. See =spere.= - -=spirget,= a wooden peg on which to hang things; ‘There hung a Bowle of -Beech upon a _spirget_ by a ring’, Golding, Metam. viii. 653. ‘Spurget’ -is in prov. use in the north country, E. Anglia, and Sussex for an iron -hook, see EDD. (s.v. Sperket). - -=spirt,= to shoot up (as a plant), to sprout. Hen. V, iii. 5. 8; -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 558. In prov. use in the Midlands and -Dorset (EDD.). OE. _sprytian_, to sprout, germinate. - -=spital, spittle,= a hospital. Formerly _hospital_; whence _’spital_. -Hen. V, ii. 1. 78; v. 1. 86; Puritan Widow, i. 1. 151; _spittle_, Sir -Thos. More, i. 3. 81; ‘_Ladrerie_, a Spittle for lepers’, Cotgrave. -Hence, _spital-house_, Timon, iv. 3. 39. ME. _spytyl hows_, -‘leprosorium’ (Prompt. EETS. 429). - -=spitchcock’d.= _A spitchcock’d eel_, a broiled eel spread on a skewer, -‘Spitchcock’d like a salted eel’, Cotton, Burlesque (Poems, p. 222); -Cartwright, The Ordinary, ii. 1, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 239. Hence -_spitchcock_, a spitchcocked eel, Northward Ho, i. 1 (Chamberlain). See -Dict. (s.v. Spitch-cock). - -=spitter,= ‘Among Hunters, a red Male Deer near two Years old, whose -Horns begin to grow up sharp, and spit-wise; it is also call’d a Brocket -or Pricket’, Phillips, Dict., ed. 1706; ‘_Subulo_, an hart havyng hornes -without tynes, called (as I suppose) a spittare’, Elyot, 1559. Applied -to a full-grown stag by Golding, Metam. x. 117; fol. 121 (1603). Cp. G. -_spiesser_, a brocket, a buck of the second year (Grieb-Schröer). - -=spittle;= see =spital.= - -=splay,= to display, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 93. 13; ‘Hys banners -splaide’, and ‘Our ensignes splayde’, Gascoigne (Nares). Cp. E. -_splay-foot_, see Dict. (s.v. Splay). - -=splay,= to castrate, Meas. for M. ii. 1. 249 (mod. edd. _spay_). In -Shropshire heifers are _splayed_ to make them barren (EDD.). - -=spleen.= The organ of the body viewed as the seat of emotions and -passions; impetuosity, eagerness, ‘The spleen of fiery dragons’, Richard -III, v. 3. 350; malice, hatred, ‘I have no spleen against you’, Hen. -VIII, ii. 4. 89; a fit of passion,’ A hair-brained Hotspur, governed by -a spleen’, 1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 19; any sudden impulse or fit beyond the -control of reason, esp. a fit of laughter, ‘Thy silly thought enforces -my spleen’, L. L. L. iii. 77; a caprice, ‘A thousand spleens bear her a -thousand ways’, Ven. and Ad. 907. See Schmidt. - -=splent,= a lath, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 122. 10; ‘Splent for an -house, _laite_’, Palsgrave. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Splint, -sb.^{1} 2). ME. _splente_ (Prompt. EETS. 429). - -=splent,= ‘a kind of hard swelling, without Pain, that grows on the Bone -of a Horse’s Leg’, Phillips, Dict., 1706; Greene, Looking Glasse, i (p. -120). - -=sploach,= a ‘splotch’, a blot. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, v. 1 -(Don Diego). ‘Splotch’ is in common prov. use (EDD.). - -=spondil,= one of the vertebrae of the spine; ‘The spondils of his -back’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Tuck). Gk. (Ionic) σπόνδυλος, -(Attic) σφόνδυλος, a vertebra. - -=spooks-make,= interpreter; ‘Of Gods the spooks-make’ (= L. _interpres -Divum_), Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 373. _Spooks-make_ = -_spokes-make_. ‘Spoke’ is in prov. use for talk, conversation (EDD.); -‘make’ is still in prov. use, meaning a companion. See =make.= - -=spoom,= to sail before the wind. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 96; -Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 1 (Master). - -=spoon-meat,= broth. Middleton, The Witch, iv. 1 (Almachildes). - -=spoorn,= some kind of hobgoblin. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); -Denham Tracts (ed. 1895, ii. 77); _the spoorne_, Scot, Disc. Witches, -153. - -=spousayles,= a marriage, wedding. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. -12, § 2 (ed. Croft, ii. 142); _spousals_, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, iv. -407. OF. _espousailles_; L. _sponsalia_, pl. - -=sprag,= quick, alert. Merry Wives, iv. 1. 84. In prov. use in the north -country, Worc. and the west (EDD.). ‘Sprag’ is a later form of ‘sprack’, -in common prov. use in various parts of England. Cp. Norw. dial. -_spræk_, fresh, lively (Aasen). - -=spraints,= the dung of the otter, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 73, p. 201; -_sprayntes_, id., c. 37, p. 98; Maister of Game, c. 11; Howell, Parl. of -Beasts, 8 (Davies, 162). In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). [C. -Kingsley, Two Years Ago, xviii.] F. ‘_esprainctes_, _espreinctes_, dung -of the otter’ (Cotgr.); _épreintes_ de la loutre (Hatzfeld). OF. -_espreindre_, to press out, L. _exprimere_. - -=sprent,= _pp._ sprinkled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 45. In prov. use in -Scotland and the north country (EDD.). ME. _spreynd_, also _spreynt_, -sprinkled (Wyclif, Heb. ix. 13; Rev. xix. 13), pp. of _sprengen_, to -sprinkle, OE. _sprengan_. - -=spring.= _A spring garden_, a garden in which a concealed spring was -made to spout jets of water over a visitor, when he trod upon a -particular spot. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Pt. I, sc. 1 -(Sophocles). - -=spring,= a dance-tune. Fletcher, Prophetess, v. 3 (3 Shepherd). In -prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Spring, 9). ME. _spring_, a merry -dance (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1235). - - =spring-halt,= a lameness in which a horse twitches up his leg. - Hen. VIII, i. 3. 13. - -=spring:= _a spring of pork_, the lower part of the fore-quarter, -divided from the neck. Fletcher, The Prophetess, i. 3. 7. In prov. use -in Northants (EDD.). See Nares. - -=spring,= the young growth in a wood, a copse, a grove; ‘The nightingale -among the thick-leav’d spring’, Fletcher, Faithful Sheph. v. 1; Fairfax, -Tasso, xiii. 35; ‘In yonder spring of roses’, Milton, P. L. ix. 218; a -young shoot of a tree, Lucrece, 950; _fig._ a youth, lad, ‘Being yong -and yet a very spring’, Mirrour for Mag., Northumberland, st. 4; -Spenser, Muiopotmos, 292. ‘Spring’ is in prov. use for young growth, the -undergrowth of wood; a copse, a grove (EDD.). - -=springal,= a youth. Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Laws of -Candy, iii. 2 (Cassilane); _springald_, id., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2; -‘Springald, _adolescens_’, Levins, Manip. See EDD. (s.v. Springald). - -=spruntly,= smartly, sprucely. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, iv. 1 (Lady T.). -The adj. is in prov. use (EDD.). - -=spurblind,= ‘purblind’, nearly blind. Lyly, Sapho, ii. 2 (Phao). -Halliwell says that the word was used by Latimer. - -=spurling,= a smelt. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 5; Gascoigne, -Supposes, ii. 4 (Carion). ME. _sperlynge_, ‘sperlingus’ (Cath. Angl.); -F. _esperlan_, a smelt (Cotgr.). - -=spur-ryal, spur-royal,= a gold coin, worth about fifteen shillings; -also called a _royal_ or _ryal_. It had a star on the reverse resembling -a rowel of a spur (Nares). Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, i. 1 (Young -Loveless); Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Aurelia). - -=spyon, spion,= a scout, in an army; ‘Captain of the Spyons’, Heywood, -Four Prentises (Guy), vol. ii, p. 242. F. ‘_espion_, a spy, scout; -_espier_, to spy’ (Cotgr.). - -=spyrre,= to ask, inquire. Morte Arthur, leaf 416, back, 36; bk. xxi, c. -8. Cp. ‘spur’ in use in the north country for publishing or _asking_ the -banns of matrimony in church, see EDD. (s.v. Spur, vb.^{2}). ME. -_speren_, to ask (Barbour’s Bruce, see Gloss.). OE. _spyrian_, to -inquire into. - -=squall,= a term of endearment; ‘The rich gull gallant calls her deare -and love, Ducke, lambe, squall, sweet-heart, cony, and his dove’, -Taylor, 1630 (Nares); Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 1 (Hellgill); Five -Gallants, iv. 2. 3; used as a term of reproach, ‘_Obereau_, a young minx -or little proud squal’, Cotgrave; also, applied to a man as a term of -contempt, Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. -199). See Halliwell. - -=squander,= to scatter, disperse, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 32; Dryden, Annus -Mirab., st. 67. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England -(EDD.). - -=square,= rule, exact conduct; ‘I have not kept my square’, Ant. and Cl. -ii. 3. 6; ‘Never breaks square’ (i.e. never gives offence), Middleton, -The Widow, ii (end). - -=square,= to quarrel. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 30; Titus And. ii. 1. 100; -Ant. and Cl. ii. 1. 45; Harington, Ariosto, xiv. 72; id., Ep. i. 37; a -quarrel, Promos and Cass. ii. 4 (Nares). Hence _squarer_, a quarreller, -Much Ado, i. 1. 82. Also, a squadron, ‘Our squares of battle’, Hen. V, -iv. 2. 28; ‘Squares of war’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 11. 40. Cp. O. Prov. -_esqueira_, ‘corps de bataille’ (Levy). Med. L. _squadra_, ‘caterva, -turba, cohors; acies, copiae militares’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. _squadra_, -‘a squadron or troop of men’ (Florio); F. _escadre_ (Cotgr.). See Dict. -(s.vv. Square, Squadron). - -=squares.= _How go the squares?_ how goes the game? The reference is to -the chessboard; Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Purge); May, The Old -Couple, iv. 1 (Sir Argent). - -=squash,= the shell or pod of peas or beans; an unripe pea-pod. Twelfth -Nt. i. 5. 166; Wint. Tale, i. 2. 161. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. -Squash, vb.^{1} 3). - -=squat,= to squeeze, crush, bruise. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. -3 (Savourwit). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). OF. -_esquatir_, ‘aplatir, briser’ (Didot). See Dict. - -=squelch,= to crush, bruise, strike with a heavy blow. Fletcher, Nice -Valour, v. 1 (Galoshio); a heavy blow, Butler, Hud. i. 2. 836, 933. In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=squelter,= to ‘welter’, wallow, roll about; ‘The slaughter’d Trojans -squeltring in their blood’, Locrine, ii. 6. 4. - -=squib,= a paltry fellow. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 371. In prov. use in -west Yorks. in the sense of a small dwarfish person, see EDD. (s.v. -Squib, sb.^{2}). - -=squib,= used _fig._ for a flashy, futile project or design, Bacon, -Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 195). - -=squich,= to move quickly. Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley. ii. 387; to wince, to flinch, Soliman and Perseda, iv. -(Basilisco), id., v. 343. Probably identical with prov. E. _switch_, to -move quickly, see EDD. (s.v. Switch, vb.^{1} 9). - -=squince,= the quinsy. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 22, § 3; -‘_Squinantia_, the Squince or Squinancie’, Florio; also _squincy_, -‘_Esquinance_, the Squincy’, Cotgrave; ‘Shall we not be suspected for -the murder, And choke with a hempen squincy’, Randolph, The Jealous -Lovers (ed. 1634, p. 54). ME. _squynesy_, ‘squinancia’ (Prompt. EETS. -431). Sec Dict. (s.v. Quinsy). - -=squinny, squiny,= to look asquint. King Lear, iv. 6. 140; ‘How -scornfully she squinnies’, Shirley, Sisters, ii. 2 (Antonio). In prov. -use in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=squire, squier,= a ‘square’, a rule for measuring, Wint. Tale, iv. 4. -348; _by the squire_, by exact rule, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iv. 2 -(Pan). ME. _squire_, a carpenter’s instrument (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2090). -F. ‘_esquierre_, a rule or square’ (Cotgr.). - -=staddle,= a prop, support. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 14; a young growing -tree left standing in a wood after the underwood has been cut away, -Bacon, Essay 29, § 5; id., Henry VII (ed. Lumby, 72). See EDD. OE. -_staþol_, a foundation, firm support. - -=staffe,= a stave, a stanza; ‘_Staffe_ . . . The Italian called it -_Stanza_’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 2 (Of proportion in -Staffe). - -=staffier,= a lacquey, a footman. Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 651. F. -‘_estaffier_, a lackey or footboy, that runs by the stirrup; a -servingman that waits afoot, while his master rides; _estaphe_, a -stirrup’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _staffiere_, ‘a lacquey, that runs by a man’s -stirrup’; _staffa_, ‘a kind of stirrup for a saddle’ (Florio). Of Germ. -origin, cp. G. _stapfe_, a foot-step. - -=staggers,= a sudden fit of giddiness, vertigo. Beaumont and Fl., Mad -Lover, i. 1 (Calis); Cymbeline, v. 5. 234; All’s Well, ii. 3. 170; a -disease in horses indicated by staggering and falling down, Taming -Shrew, iii. 2. 55. - -=stakker,= to stagger. Morte Arthur, leaf 232, back, 6; bk. x, c. 30; -and in Palsgrave. ME. _stakeren_, to stagger (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2687). -Norw. dial. _stakra_, to stagger (Aasen). - -=stale,= a station where one lies in wait for birds; ‘Stale for foules -takynge’, Palsgrave; _to lie in stale_, to lie in wait or ambush, ‘As I -lay in stale To fight with the duke Richard’s eldest son, I was -destroy’d’, Mirror for Mag., 366 (Nares); Stanyhurst, Desc. Ireland -(Halliwell). ME. _staal_, of fowlynge or of byrdys takynge ‘stacionaria’ -(Prompt. EETS. 432). OF. _estal_, place, séjour, arrêt; _prendre son -estal_, prendre position (Didot), Anglo-F. _estal_ (Ch. Rol. 1108, -2319). - -=stale,= a decoy; a bird or something in the form of a bird set up to -allure a bird of prey; ‘The fowler’s stale the appearance of which -brings but others to the net’, Cap of Gray Hairs (ed. 1688, p. 96); see -Halliwell; Mirrour for Mag. (Nares); Sidney, Arcadia, ii, p. 169 -(Nares); an object of allurement, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 3; Tempest, iv. -1. 187; a device, trick, F. Q. ii. 1. 4; a laughing-stock, Titus And. i. -2. 241. In prov. use in Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.^{1}). -Anglo-F. _estale_, ‘appeau, oiseau qui sert à attirer les autres’ -(Vocab. to Bozon). - -=stale,= the shaft of an arrow, Chapman, tr. Iliad, iv. 173; the shaft -of a javelin, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. use in the sense of a shaft, -a long slender handle, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, sb.^{2} 1). See =stele.= - -=stale,= the urine of horses and cattle, Ant. and Cl. i. 4. 62 to -urinate, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 152; ‘_Escloy_, urine, stale’, Cotgrave. -In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Stale, vb.^{3}). OF. _estaler_, to stale -(of horses), see Godefroy. Of Germ, origin, cp. Dan. _stalle_, Swed. -_stalla_, to urinate; cp. G. _stallen_ (used of horses); _stall_, urine. - -=stale,= stalemate, at chess; ‘Like a stale at chess, where it is no -mate, but yet the game cannot stir’, Bacon, Essay 12. - -=stale,= to render stale, to make common and worthless. Coriol. i. 1. -95; Ant. and Cl. ii. 2. 240; Jul. Caesar, i. 2. 73; _a stale_, a -prostitute, harlot, Much Ado, ii. 2. 26; iv. 1. 66. - -=stall,= to forestall. B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tiberius); Massinger, -Bashful Lover, iv. 3. - -=stall,= to install set in authority, Richard III, i. 3. 206; ‘And -stawled gods doe condiscend’, Turbervile, The Lover excuseth himself. -_Stalled to the rogue_ (Cant Phrase), admitted as a recognized thief, -Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll); Harman, Caveat, p. 34. The -master-thief admitted a rogue with the ceremony of pouring a quart of -beer over his head, and using a formula of words. - -=stall,= to stick fast; ‘When his cart was stalled (he) lay flat on his -back and cried aloud, Help, Hercules!’, Burton, Anat. Mel., p. 222 -(Nares). In prov. use in the north country and Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. -Stall, vb. 20). - -=stalled,= _pp._; ‘Dole perpetuall, From whence he never should be quit, -nor stal’d’ (rimes with _cal’d_), Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1245. Meaning -doubtful. - -=stalling ken,= a house for receiving stolen goods (Cant). Middleton, -Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat); _stauling ken_, Harman, Caveat, p. 83; B. -Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). - -=stammel, stamel,= a kind of woollen cloth, of a red colour. Beaumont -and Fl., Little French Lawyer, i. 1 (Cleremont); Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, -ii. 1 (D’Ol.). See Nares and Halliwell. - -=stamp,= a stamped coin, a coin. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 16; Macbeth, iv. -3. 153. - -=stand.= _It stands me upon_, it is incumbent on me, it is important to -me, I ought. _It standeth thee upon_, Lyly, Euphues, p. 271. - -=standard,= a standing-bowl. Greene, Looking Glasse, v. 1 (1858); p. -141, col. 2. - -=stander-grass, standard-grass, stander-wort, standle-wort,= _Orchis -mascula_, and other allied plants. _Standelwort_, or _Standergrass_, -Lyte’s Dodoens, bk. ii, ch. 56; _Royal Standergrass_, or Palma Christi, -id., ch. 59; ‘_Foul standergrass_’, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. -2 (Clorin). - -=staniel,= a kind of hawk, considered as of inferior value, Twelfth Nt. -ii. 5. 124; hence, a coward, Lady Alimony, i. 3 (Haxter); hence -_stanielry_, cowardice, id., v. 2. 17. In prov. use in the north country -for the kestrel or windhover, see EDD. (s.v. Stannel). OE. _stangella_, -used to translate L. _pellicanus_ in Ps. ci. 7 (Vesp. Psalter). See -notes on Eng. Etym. - -=stank,= weary. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 47. Ital. _stanco_, weary. - -=stare,= a starling. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 541; Middleton, Game at -Chess, iv. 2 (B. Knight). In prov. use in Ireland and in various parts -of England (EDD.). ME. _stare_, a starling (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, 348); -OE. _stær_: ‘tuoege staras’ (Lind. Gosp., Matt. x. 29, rendering of -Vulgate _duo passeres_). - -=stare,= to bristle up; said of hair. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 56. 11; -§ 98. 4; Jul. Caesar, iv. 3. 280. In prov. use: they say in Herts, ‘It -will make her (a cow’s) hair to stare’, see EDD. (s.v. Stare, vb. 4). -Cp. G. _starren_, to bristle. - -=stark,= stout, sturdy. Sir T. Wyatt (Nares); stiff (used in speaking of -a dead body), 1 Hen. IV, v. 3. 42; Romeo, iv. 1. 103; Cymbeline, iv. 2. -209; _starkly_, stiffly (as in a dead body), Meas. for M. iv. 2. 70. In -common prov. use in the north country in the two meanings (1) stout, -sturdy, and (2) stiff, esp. through rheumatism (EDD.). OE. _stearc_, -stiff, rigid; rough, strong (B. T.); Icel. _sterkr_, strong. See -=storken.= - -=startups,= rustic shoes with high tops, or half-gaiters; ‘_Guestres_ -[gaiters], startups, high shooes, or gamashes for countrey folks’, -Cotgrave; Hall, Satires, book vi; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 4 -(Cloe). See Nares. In prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.). - -=state,= high rank, dignity. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 93; _chair of state_, a -canopied chair, dais, or throne for a king, 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 51; Hen. -VIII, iv. 1. 67; _state_ = _chair of state_, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 51; -Coriol. v. 24; Macbeth, iii. 4. 5; _states_, persons of high rank, Cymb. -iii. 4. 39; _state_, an estate, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i. -1. 7; Rule a Wife, iii. 5 (Leon). - -=statist,= a statesman, politician. Hamlet, v. 2. 33; Beaumont and Fl., -Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Virginius). Ital. -_statista_ (Florio). - -=statua,= a statue. Jul. Caesar, iii. 2. Bacon, Essay 27, § 6, and 45, § -3; a picture, Massinger, City Madam, v. 3 (Sir John, 15th speech). L. -_statua_, an image, statue (commonly made of metal). - -=statuminate,= to prop up. B. Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto). L. -_statumino_ (Pliny). - -=statute-caps,= woollen caps, which, by a statute of 1571, citizens were -enjoined to wear on holydays. L. L. L. v. 2. 281. Also, the wearers of -such caps, citizens, Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat). See -Nares. - -=statute-lace,= lace made according to a law that regulated its width -and material. Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 5 (Perigot). - -=statute-merchant,= or =statute-staple,= a bond acknowledged before one -of the clerks of the _statute-merchant_, and mayor of the _staple_, or -chief warden of the City of London, or other sufficient men; see -quotation from Blount, in Nares. ‘His lands be engaged in twenty -statutes staple’, Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Glister); cp. -Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. iii. 110. - -=stauling ken;= see =stalling ken.= - -=staunce,= disagreement. Gascoigne, Supposes, ii. 4 (Dulipo). See -=distance.= - -=stead,= to stand in good stead; ‘Necessaries which since have steaded -much’, Temp. i. 2. 165; to be of use to, benefit, help, Gent. Ver. ii. -1. 124; Othello, i. 3. 344; _stead up_, to take a person’s place (in an -arrangement), Meas. for M. iii. 1. 261. - -=steaming;= see =steming.= - -=sted,= a bedstead. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georgies, ii. 726. - -=stedy,= an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 149, back, 30. This form -for ‘stithy’ is in prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. -Stiddy). Icel. _steði_. See =stithy.= - -=steenkirk,= a loose cravat of fine lace. Vanbrugh, The Relapse, i. 3 -(Sempstress); Congreve, Love for Love, i. 2 (Scandal). Named with -reference to the battle of Steenkerke (1692). See Stanford. - -=stele,= the shaft of an arrow, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 123; the handle -of a rake, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 19; ‘Steale or handell of a -staffe, _manche_’, Palsgrave. This word in many spellings is in common -prov. use in Scotland and England for a shaft or handle, esp. a long -straight handle, see EDD. (s.v. Steal, sb.^{2}). ME. _stele_, or sterte -of a vessel, ‘ansa’ (Prompt. EETS. 434). OE. _stela_, a stalk. See -=stale= (3). - -=stelled,= fixed; ‘A face where all distress is stell’d’, Lucrece, 1444; -_stelled fires_, fixed stars, King Lear, iii. 7. 61. ‘To stell’ is in -prov. use in Scotland in the sense of to place, set, fix, see EDD. (s.v. -Stell, vb. 7). OE. _stellan_, to place. - -=stellionate,= fraudulent dealing. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 62. -L. _stellionatus_, trickery; from _stellio_, a knave. - -=stem,= to keep in, enclose. Spelt _stemme_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 12. -Icel. _stemma_, to stop, dam up. - -=steming,= shining, bright; ‘Two stemyng eyes’, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. -53; ‘With skouling steaming eyes’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 300 (L. -_stant lumina flamma_). ME. _steeme_, or lowe of fyre, ‘flamma’ (Prompt. -EETS. 434); _stem_: ‘A stem Als it were a sunnebem’ (Havelok, 591). - -=stench,= ‘staunch’, firm; hence, continent. Lady Alimony, iii. 3 -(Sea-song, st. 5). See EDD. (s.v. Staunch, adj. 10 and 11). - -=stene, steane,= a stone jar or pitcher. Spelt _stene_, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Aristippus, § 17; _steane_, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 42. ‘Stean’ -is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. 3). ME. -_steene_, a pitcher, earthenware vessel, Trevisa, tr. Higden, bk. i, c. -41; OE. _stǣna_, an earthenware jug (Sweet). - -=stent,= to leave off, to cause to cease. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 12; to -cease, pt. t., Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 32. In common -prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stent, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _stenten_, -to cease, to cause to cease (Chaucer). See =stint.= - -=stepony;= see =stiponie.= - -=stept in age,= advanced in years. Ascham, Scholemaster, p. 152. OE. -_stæppan_, _steppan_, to proceed, advance (B. T.). - -=stern,= the hinder part of an object; used of the tail of a dragon. -Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; i. 11. 28. The same word as _stern_, the hinder -part of a ship. Hence _sternage_, steerage, Hen. V, iii, Prol. 18. Icel. -_stjōrn_, a steering, hence, the steering-place. - -=sterve,= to die. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 34; Fairfax, Tasso, ii. 17. ME. -_sterve_, to die, esp. to die of famine (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1249; C. T. -C. 451). OE. _steorfan_, to die; cp. G. _sterben_. - -=stethva,= a congress of Welsh bards. Drayton, Pol. iv. 177. Welsh -_eisteddfod_. - -=steven,= voice, outcry. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 224; _steuyn_, -Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 130, l. 144. In common prov. use in the north -country, see EDD. (s.v. Steven, sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _stevene_, voice -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 2562). OE. _stefn_. - -=stick-free,= sword-proof, invulnerable to a sword-thrust. Burton, Anat. -Mel., Of Witches and Magicians (ed. Shilleto, 1. 233); Shirley, Young -Admiral, iv. 1 (ed. 1637). See Mod. Lang. Notes, June, 1912. G. -_stichfrei_, sword-proof. - -=stickle,= to interpose between combatants, and separate them when they -had sufficiently satisfied the laws of honour, to act as umpire between -combatants; ‘I styckyll betwene wrastellers . . . to se that none do -other wronge, or I parte folkes that be redy to fyght’, Palsgrave; ‘(The -angel) stickles betwixt the remainders of God’s hosts and the race of -fiends’, Dryden, Ded. Trans. Juvenal; _to be stickled_, to be settled by -a ‘stickler’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph. 6. Hence _stickler_, Tr. -and Cr. v. 8. 18; Florio, Montaigne, ii. 27; Dryden, Oliver Cromwell, -41. ME. _stihtlen_, to order, arrange, as a steward or a master of the -ceremonies (P. Plowman, C. xvi. 40). See Nares, Trench, Select Glossary -(ed. 1890), and Dict. - -=sticklebag,= a ‘stickleback’, a small fish. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at -several Weapons, v. 1 (Pompey). - -=stigmatic,= one branded with infamy, Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), -ed. Dyce, p. 26; one branded by nature with deformity, 2 Hen. VI, v. 1. -215; 3 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 136; also, _stigmatical_, Com. Errors, iv. 2. 22. -Gk. στιγματικός, branded with a mark (στίγμα). - -=stike,= a ‘stich’, a verse. Sackville, Induction, st. 21. Gk. στίχος, a -row, a line. - -=still,= to ‘distil’, to fall in drops. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 35. - -=stillatory,= a still-room, for keeping distilled waters. Beaumont and -Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (near end). Late L. _stillatorium_, from -_stillare_, to fall in drops. - -=Stilliard,= the Steelyard; the place of business used by the German -merchants in London. Westward Ho, ii. 1 (Justiniano); _Stilyard -merchants_, merchants of the Steelyard, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. -88). See Notes and Queries, 10 S. vi. 413, and Dict. (s.v. Steelyard, -1). - -=stint,= to cause to cease. Timon, v. 4. 83; to cease, Pericles, iv. 4. -42; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 29; Mother Hubberd, 1092. ME. _stinte_, to -cease, to cause to cease (Chaucer). See M. and S. (s.v. Stynten). OE. -_styntan_, to make dull, ‘_hebetare_’ (B. T.). See =stent.= - -=stint,= some kind of bird. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 339. In prov. use for -various kinds of birds, the dunlin, the sandpiper, and the linnet -(EDD.). - -=stiponie.= ‘_Stipone_, a kind of sweet compound liquor drunk in some -ill places in London in the summer-time’, Blount, Glossographia, p. 612. -‘Do you not understand the mystery of stiponie, Jenny? _Maid._ I know -how to make democuana, sir’, Etherege, Love in a Tub, v. 4 (Sir -Frederick); also spelt _stepony_, see Dict. Rusticum, Urbanicum et -Botanicum, ed. 3, 1726, where the receipt for brewing this sweet liquor -is given; see Notes and Queries, 6 S. iv. 155. - -=stire, styre,= to guide, direct. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 7; ii. 5. 2. OE. -_stȳran_, to direct, steer. See Dict. (s.v. Steer). - -=stirp,= a stem, stock, family. Bacon, Essay 14, § 1. L. _stirps_, a -stem. - -=stitch,= a space between two double furrows in ploughed land; a ridge. -Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xviii. 495; Odyssey, viii. 171. In the latter -passage, a _stitch’s_ length may mean a furrow’s length or furlong. This -word is in prov. use in various parts of England for a narrow ridge of -land, as much land as lies between two furrows; a balk or portion of -grass-land in an arable field; see EDD. (s.v. Stitch, sb.^{1} 8 and 9). - -=stitch,= a sudden cramp; hence, a contortion, a grimace. Beaumont and -Fl., Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick). - -=stitchel,= a troublesome fellow; a term of reproach. Lady Alimony, v. -3. 13 (Wife). A Linc. word for a troublesome child, see EDD. (s.v. -Stetchel). - -=stithy,= an anvil, Hamlet, iii. 2. 80 (some edd. have _stith_); to -forge, ‘The forge that stithied Mars his helm’, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 255. -In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stith_, an anvil (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2026). -Icel. _steði_. See =stedy.= - -=stoccata,= a thrust, in fencing. Romeo, iii. i. 77; _stoccado_, Merry -Wives, ii. 1. 234; _stockado_, Marston, Sat. i. 132. Ital. _stoccata_, a -thrust, a stoccado given with a _stócco_ (a tuck or short-arming sword); -see Florio; Span. _estocáda_, a thrust with a weapon, a stab (Stevens). - -=stock,= to hit with the point of a sword; ‘A chevalier would stock a -needle’s point Three times together’, Fletcher, Love’s Cure, iii. 4 -(Alvarez); a thrust in fencing, Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Malevole); -Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Matzagente). F. _estoc_, ‘a rapier or tuck, also, -a thrust; _coup d’estoc_, a thrust, stockado, stab’ (Cotgr.). See -=stuck.= - -=stock,= nether-stock or stocking. Greene, Description of Chaucer, 3 -(ed. Dyce, p. 320). In prov. use in Yorks. and Norfolk (see EDD., s.v. -Stock, 18). - -=stock-fish,= dried haddock or cod; ‘Haddockes or hakes indurate and -dryed with coulde, and beaten with clubbes or _stockes_, by reason -whereof the Germayns caule them _stockefyshe_’, R. Eden, Works (ed. -Arber, p. 303); Temp. iii. 2. 79; Meas. iii. 2. 116. The reason for the -name is uncertain; Koolman gives the Low G. form as _stok-fisk_, and -thinks they were so called because dried upon _stocks_ or poles in the -sun. - -=stoin,= to be astonished or astounded; ‘I stoinid’, Phaer, Aeneid ii, -774; iii. 48 (L. _obstupui_). See =astonied.= - -=stomach,= courage, Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 7. 8, 15; 2 Hen. IV, i. -1. 129; Hamlet, i. 1. 100; proud or arrogant spirit, Hen. VIII, iv. 2. -34; resentment, angry temper, King Lear, v. 3. 75; to resent, to be -angry, Ant. and Cl. iii. 4. 12; Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 2. 26. In prov. use -for courage, pride, anger, bad temper (EDD.). Cp. Span. and Port. -_estomago_, courage, valour, resolution; L. _stomachus_, displeasure, -irritation, _stomachari_, to be irritated, out of humour. - -=stond,= a stop, impediment, hindrance. Bacon, Essays 40 and 50. ‘To -stand’, to bring to a stop, in prov. use in Surrey and Sussex: ‘I’ve -seen a wagon stood in the snow’; see EDD. (s.v. Stand, 7). - -=stone-bow,= a cross-bow from which stones could be shot. Twelfth Night, -ii. 5. 51; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2. 9. - -=stool-ball,= a game formerly popular among young women. Middleton, -Women beware, iii. 3 (Isabella); Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 2. 101; Chapman, -tr. of Odyssey, vi. 139. The idea of the game was much like that of -cricket. A stool was the wicket; the hand was used as a bat, to defend -it from the ball. See Strutt’s Sports. The game is still played in many -parts of England, and in almost every village in Sussex (EDD.). - -=stoop,= a post, pillar. Tancred and Gismunda, iv. 2 (Tancred), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 66; ‘You glorious martyrs, you illustrious -stoops’, Quarles, Emblems, v. 10; ‘Stoulpe before a doore, _souche_’, -Palsgrave; _stulpe_, Stow, Survey, Bridge Ward Within (ed. Thoms, 79). -The word is in gen. prov. use in Scotland and England in various forms: -_stoup_, _stowp_, _stolpe_, _stulp_(_e_, see EDD. (s.v. Stoop, sb.^{1}). -ME. _stulp_, or stake, ‘paxillus’ (Prompt. EETS. 444, see note, no. -2171). Icel. _stōlpi_, a post, pillar, cp. _Stōlpa-sund_, the Pillar -Sound, the Sound of the Pillars of Hercules, the Straits of Gibraltar. - -=stoop,= to swoop downwards as a bird of prey on its quarry; ‘The bird -of Jove, stooped from his aery tour, Two birds . . . before him drove’, -Milton, P. L. xi. 185; used _fig._, B. Jonson, Alchemist, v. 3 -(Lovewit); used trans., to pounce upon, seize, ‘The hawk that stooped my -pheasant’, Webster, Northward Ho, v. 1 (Mayberry); ‘Teach it (my spirit) -to stoop whole kingdoms’, Fletcher, Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (Demetrius). - -=stoor,= strong, robust, sturdy, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 129. In prov. -use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). ME. _stoore_, or herd, or -boystows, ‘austerus, rigidus’ (Prompt. EETS. 439). Icel. _stōrr_, rough, -great. See =stowre.= - -=stooved,= kept in a warm chamber; ‘Myrtles, if they be stooved’, Bacon, -Essay 46. From _stoove_ = _stove_. - -=storken,= to stiffen, to congeal, coagulate; ‘Storken, _congelari_’, -Levins, Manip. In common use in the north country (EDD.). Icel. -_storkna_, to coagulate. See =stark.= - -=stork’s bill,= a gesture of scorn; ‘This sanna, or stork’s bill’, B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Cp. L. _ciconia_, (1) a -stork; (2) a derisory bending of the fingers in form of a stork’s bill -(Persius). - -=stound, stownd,= time, occasion, moment. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 38; Shep. -Kal., Oct., 49. The ‘Glosse’ to Shep. Kal., May, 257, has ‘_stounds_, -fittes’, i.e. attacks of illness. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _stounde_, -hour, time (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1212), OE. _stund_. See =stowne.= - -=stoup,= a stoop, a low bow, a condescending movement. B. Jonson, -Alchem. iv. 2 (Face); ‘Now observe the stoops, The bendings, and the -falls’, id., Sejanus, i. 1 (Silius). - -=stour, stowre,= a conflict, battle, contest; trouble, confusion, -disturbance; danger, peril. The word is used in all these meanings by -Spenser: F. Q. i. 2. 7; i. 3. 30; i. 4. 46; iii. 1. 34; iii. 2. 6; iii. -3. 50; Shep. Kal., Jan., 27. ME. _stour_, battle, contest (Chaucer, Rom. -Rose, 1270). Anglo-F. _estour_, combat, battle (Gower, Mirour, 1927), O. -Prov. _estor_, _estorn_, ‘combat, mêlée’; _estornir_, _estormir_, -‘assaillir, attaquer’ (Levy); Ital. _stormo_, a conflict, combat -(Fanfani); of Germ. origin, MHG. _sturm_, disturbance, combat (Schade). - -=stover,= provisions, fodder for cattle; ‘Our low medowes . . . not so -profitable for stover and forrage as the higher meads be’, Harrison, -Desc. Brit. 110 (Halliwell); Tusser, Husbandry, November; Tempest, iv. -1. 63; Drayton, Pol. xxv, p. 1158 (Nares). In prov. use in many parts of -England for winter fodder or litter for cattle, hence stubble (EDD.). -Anglo-F. _estover_, maintenance, necessary sustenance; allowances of -wood to be taken out of another man’s woods (Cowell’s Interpreter); OF. -_estovoir_, to be necessary. Romanic type _stopere_, a verb formed from -L. _est opus_, it is necessary, so W. Forster, see Gautier’s Ch. Roland, -Glossary (s.v. Estoet). See Ducange (s.v. Estoverium). - -=stover up,= to bristle up. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, ii. 1. 2. ‘To -stover’ is entered in EDD. as an obsolete west-country word for ‘to -bristle up’, probably from ‘stover’, meaning stubble. See above. - -=stownd,= to amaze, ‘astound’, to beat down, Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii -(Enceladus), vol. iii, p. 48; to strike senseless, id., Iron Age, A. v -(Ajax); p. 343; _stound_, pp., Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 19. - -=stowne,= an hour, a short time; ‘Whoso love Endureth but a stowne’, -Turbervile, The Lover finding his Love flitted, st. 16. See =stound.= - -=stowre,= strong, hardy; ‘Constancie knits the bones and makes us -stowre’, G. Herbert, Temple, Church-porch, st. 20; ‘Stowre of -conversacyon, _estourdy_’, Palsgrave; Skelton, Against the Scottes, 12; -_stower_, hard, strong, ‘The stower nayles’, Latimer, 7 Sermon bef. King -(ed. Arber, 185). In prov. use in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Stour). See -=stoor.= - -=strage,= slaughter, heap of slain men. Heywood, Dialogue 2, l. 16; -Dial. 3 (Hellen); vol. vi, pp. 111, 143; Webster, Appius, v. 3 (Appius). -L. _strages_, slaughter. - -=strain,= race, descent, breed; ‘The noblest of thy strain’, Jul. Caes. -v. 1. 59; Hen. V, ii. 4. 51. A dialect form of =strene,= q.v. - -=strain:= phr. _to strain courtesy_, to stand upon ceremony, to refuse -to go first, Venus and Ad. 888. - -=strain,= to distrain, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1104. In prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Strain, vb.^{3}). - -=strain,= to restrain, repress; ‘These stormy windes to straine, or make -to blow’, Phaer, Aeneid i, 80. - -=strake,= a particular note blown by a hunter; apparently after the game -is killed; ‘To the flyghte, to the dethe, and to strake, and many other -blastes and termes’, Morte Arthur, leaf 250, back, 11; bk. x, c. 52; -‘Then [after the death of the game] should the most master blow a mote -and stroke’, The Master of Game, ch. 35. Cp. ME. _strake_, to sound a -note, to sound a blast on a trumpet (Wars Alex. 1386). - -=strake,= the hoop of a cart-wheel or chariot-wheel. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xx. 247; BIBLE, Ezek. i. 18 (margin). In prov. use for a section -or strip of the iron tire or rim of a cart-wheel, see EDD. (s.v. Strake, -sb.^{1} 2). - -=stramazoun,= a downright blow. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv. -4 (Fast. Brisk); _stramison_, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Ital. -_stramazzone_, ‘a downright blow’; deriv. of _stramazzare_, ‘to kill -throughly’ (Florio); cp. F. _estramaçon_, a stroke given with the edge -of the sword (Hatzfeld). - -=strange,= belonging to another country, foreign; ‘Joseph . . . made -himselfe strange unto them’, BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 7 (i.e. acted as a -stranger towards them); ‘Strange children’, foreigners, Psalm xviii. 45, -46 (P.B.V.); ‘A strange tongue’, Cymbeline, i. 6. 54; _to make it -strange_, to seem to be surprised or shocked, Two Gent. i. 2. 102; Titus -And. ii. 1. 81; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). OF. _estrange_, -foreign; L. _extraneus_. - -=strangeness,= shyness, like that of a stranger. Middleton, The Witch, -iii. 2 (Isabella). - -=strappado,= a kind of torture. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 262. The torture -consisted in drawing a person up by his arms (fastened together behind -his back), and then letting him drop suddenly with a jerk, which -inflicted severe pain. The word has been turned into a Spanish-looking -form, but it appears to be rather of Italian origin. Ital. _strappata_, -a pulling-up (Florio). Cp. F. _strapade_ (16th cent., Godefroy); -_estrapade_ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). See Stanford. - -=strapple,= to fasten, bind, Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, iii (Bussy); to -impede; id., tr. of Iliad xvi, 438. In W. Yorks. ‘to strapple’ means to -bind, make fast with a cord, &c. (EDD.). Cp. ME. _strapeles_, fastenings -of breeches; _strapils_, Cath. Angl.; see Dict. M. and S. - -=streak,= to stretch. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. viii. 36, 57. -In prov. use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Streak, vb.^{1} 1). -ME. _streken_ (Hampole, Ps. lxxix. 12); _strekis_, stretches (Wars Alex. -1953). - -=strene,= generation, breed, race, lineage; ‘Dame Nature’s strene’, The -Four Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 55; Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 32; vi. -6. 9. ME. _streen_, race, progeny (Chaucer, C. T. E. 157); OE. (Anglian) -_strēnan_ (WS. _strīenan_), to beget, generate. See =strain= (race). - -=strength,= a fortress, a strong defence, Massinger, Renegado, iv. 2 -(Donusa); v. 6. (end); ‘Sin (or Pelusium) the strength of Egypt’, BIBLE, -Ezek. xxx. 15. - -=streperous,= noisy. Heywood, Dialogue I, The Shipwrack (Adolphus); vol. -vi, p. 101; Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 6. 6. Cp. L. -_obstreperus_, noisy, clamorous (Apuleius, Florida, 126); deriv. of -_strepere_, to make a noise. - -=strich,= the screech-owl. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 36. L. _strix_, Gk. -στρίγξ. - -=strike:= phr. _strike me luck_, used in striking a bargain, and giving -earnest upon it; said by the recipient of the money. Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, ii. 3 (Young Loveless); Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 540. - -=strike,= to steal (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); to -pick a purse, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (1 Cutpurse). See Halliwell. - -=striker,= a libertine (Cant). Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1 -Court.); Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 1 (end). - -=stringer,= a wencher (Cant). Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, -i. 1 (Wife). - -=strip,= to outstrip. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 4; to go very rapidly, -‘The swiftest hound, when he is hallowed, strippes forth’, Gosson, -School of Abuse (Halliwell). - -†=strives= (=?=)=.= ‘They [ants] startle forth in troupes of striues’, -Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, bk. xiii. [1583]; fol. U 5, back. - -=stroke,= to flatter, soothe, B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers -(Opinion); _stroker_, a flatterer, id., Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Keep). OE. -_strācian_, to stroke, caress, cp. OHG. _streichōn_, ‘demulcere’. - -=strommel;= see =strummel.= - -=strong,= _pp._ strung, furnished with strings; ‘Playing on yvorie harp -with silver strong’, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 16. - -=stroot, strout,= to swell out, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 402; Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, i. 464; to be filled full, id., xxi, line 4 from end. ME. -_strowtyn_, ‘turgeo’ (Prompt. EETS. 468). Cp. G. _strotzen_, to swell. -See =strut.= - -=strossers,= tight drawers. Hen. V, iii. 7. 57; ‘The Italian close -strosser’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook (Nares). See Dyce’s Glossary to Shaks. -See Dict. (s.v. Trousers). - -=strout;= see =stroot.= - -=stroy,= to destroy. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 15. ME. _stroyen_, to destroy -(P. Plowman, B. xv. 387). - -=strummel,= straw (Cant); ‘The doxy’s in the strummel’, Broome, Jovial -Crew, ii. 1 (Randal); _strommel_, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 -(Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). Hence -_strummel-patched_, ‘Strummel-patch’d, goggle-eyed grumbledories’, B. -Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). Perhaps the same word as -_strummel_, E. Anglian for an untidy rough head of hair (EDD.). - -=strut,= to swell out. Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Pastoral, iv. 25. See -=stroot.= - -=stryfull,= strife-full, contentious. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 12. - -=stuck,= in Hamlet, iv. 7. 161, ‘Your venom’d stuck’, usually explained -as = _stoccado_, a thrust with a rapier, but it may mean the rapier -itself. Cp. Cotgrave: ‘_Estoc_, a rapier or tuck, also a thrust.’ See -=stock.= - -=studde,= stock or stem of a tree. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 13. -‘Stud’ is in prov. use for an upright post, an upright piece of wood to -which laths are nailed, hence ‘stud and mud’ buildings (Nottingham), the -same as ‘wattle and dab’. ME. _stode_, or stake, ‘palus’ (Voc. 600. 4), -OE. _studu_, a post (Ælfred, Beda, iii. 10); cp. Icel. _stoð_, a post. -See Dict. (s.v. Stud). - -=stulpe;= see =stoop= (a post). - -=stum,= unfermented wine, must. B. Jonson, Leges Conviviales, st. 5; -Butler, Hud. ii. 1. 569; Dryden, The Medal, 270. Hence _stummed wine_, -wine made from unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, new strong -wine, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, v. 3 (L. Dunce); Prior, Scaligeriana, 2. -_Stum_, to make lively as with new wine, Etherege, Man of Mode, iii. 2 -(Dorimant). Du. _stom_, stum, ‘the flower of fermenting wine’; _gestomde -wyn_, ‘stummed, sophisticated wine’ (Sewel). - -=stupe,= a piece of tow or flannel dipped in warm liquor, and applied to -a wound. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, i. 2 (Dorilaus). L. -_stuppa_, tow. - -=stutte,= to stutter. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 (Tibullus); ‘I stutte, -_Je besgue_’, Palsgrave. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Stutt). -ME. _stotyn_, ‘balbucio’ (Prompt. EETS. 468); _stutte_, ‘balbutire’ -(Cath. Angl.). - -=sty, stie,= to ascend, mount up, rise. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 25; ii. 7. -46; iv. 9. 33; Muiopotmos, 42. ME. _stien_, to ascend (Wyclif, John xx. -17). OE. _stīgan_. - -=styfemoder,= stepmother. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 41. 21. Du. -_stiefmoeder_ (Hexham). - -=subact,= to subdue. Mirror for Mag., Claudius T. Nero, st. 8. L. -_subactus_, pp. of _subigere_, to subdue, reduce. - -=subeth.= ‘You are subject to subeth, unkindly sleeps’, Middleton, -Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 4 (Sweetball). F. _subet_, ‘a lethargy’ -(Cotgr.). Med. L. _subitus_ = L. _sopitus_, deriv. of _sopire_, to -deprive of consciousness, to lull to sleep; see Ducange. - -=sublime,= to cause to pass off in a state of vapour. B. Jonson, Alchem. -i. 1 (Mammon). - -=submit,= to let down, lower, allow to subside. Dryden, To Lord -Chancellor Clarendon, 139; _submitted_, lowered, Astrae Redux, 249. - -=succeed,= to follow after. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 8. L. _succedere_. - -=success,= issue, result (good or bad); ‘What is the success?’, Ant. and -Cl. iii. 5. 6; ‘Such vile success’, Othello, iii. 3. 222; descent from -parents, succession, ‘Our parents’ noble names, In whose success we are -gentle’, Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 394. - -=successive,= successful. Lady Alimony, iii. 1 (2 Citizen). - -=succussation,= trotting. Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iv, c. 6, § -1; Butler, Hud. i. 2. 48. L. _succussare_, to jolt. - -=sucket,= a dried sweetmeat, sugar-plum. Beaumont and Fl., Sea Voyage, -v. 2. 31; Tourneur, Atheist’s Tragedy, ii. 5 (Levidulcia); Levins, -Manipulus. In prov. use in Leic., Shropsh., and Devon (EDD.). OF. -_succade_, also _sucrade_, ‘chose sucrée, dragée, sucrerie’ (Godefroy); -O. Prov. _sucrada_, ‘sucrée’. - -=sufferance,= pain; Meas. for M. ii. 4. 167; loss, Othello, ii. 1. 23. -F. _souffrance_, ‘sufferance, forbearance, also, need, poverty, penury’ -(Cotgr.). - -=suffragate,= to support by a vote, to be subsidiary to, to aid. Dryden, -Prol. to the Univ. of Oxford, 31. L. _suffragare_, to vote for. - -=sugar-loaf,= a high-crowned hat. Westward Ho, v. 3. - -=sugerchest,= the name of a kind of wood; ‘To flesh and blood this Tree -but wormewood seemes, How ere the name may be of Sugerchest’, Davies, -Holy Roode, Dedication (Davies, Suppl. Eng. Gloss.); Ascham, Toxophilus, -pp. 123, 125. - -=suggill,= to beat black and blue; to cudgel. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 1039. -L. _sugillare_. - -=suitor,= pronounced so as to resemble _shooter_; ‘A Lady . . . hadde -three _sutors_, and yet never a good archer’, Lyly, Euphues, p. 293. - -=sulk,= to furrow, plough, cleave. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 118; -ii. 218. L. _sulcus_, a furrow. - -=sultanin,= an Arabic coin; ‘A thousand golden sultanins’, Dryden, Don -Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha). Arab, _sulṭânîy_, belonging to a sovereign; -a sultanine (a gold coin about nine shillings), Richardson. Arab, -_sulṭân_, a sultan. - -=summed,= a term in falconry, having all the feathers complete; ‘The -muse from Cambria comes with pinions summ’d and sound’, Drayton, Pol. -xi, p. 859 (Nares); ‘My prompted song . . . with prosperous wing full -summ’d’, Milton, P. R. i. 14; ‘(The birds) feathered soon and fledge -. . . summed their pens’, id., P. L. vii. 421; used _fig._ of clothes, -‘Till you be summ’d again—velvets and scarlets’, Beaumont and Fl., Wit -without Money, iii. 4 (Lance). - -=sumpter,= a driver of a pack-horse, King Lear, ii. 4. 219; Sir Thos. -More, iii. 2. 43. ME. _sumpter_ (King Alisaunder, 6023), OF. -_sommetier_, a pack-horse driver (Roquefort), O. Prov. _saumatier_, -‘conducteur de bêtes de somme’ (Levy), Med. L. _saumaterius_ (Ducange, -s.v. Sagma), deriv. of _saumarius_, _sagmarius_, a pack-horse. See -=somer.= - -=supply,= to supplicate, beseech. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 49. F. -_supplier_, L. _supplicare_. - -=suppose,= a supposition, conjecture. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; Tr. and Cr. -i. 3. 11. - -=surantler;= see =antlier.= - -=surbate,= to tire out the feet with walking. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 34; -Turbervile, Hunting, c. 6 (end), p. 15; A Cure for a Cuckold, ii. 4 -(Woodroff); _surbet_, pp., ‘A traveiler with feet surbet’, Spenser, F. -Q. ii. 2. 22. Hence _surbater_, one who wearies another out, B. Jonson, -Tale of a Tub, iv. 3 (Metaphor). Cp. Cotgrave, ‘_Surbature_, a -surbating’; also, ‘_Soubatture_, a surbating, or surbate’. - -=surcease,= prop. a law-term, a delay allowed or ordered by authority; -arrest, stop, cessation. Macbeth, i. 7. 8; to delay, to desist, Prayer -Book, Ordin. Deacons; Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 13; Coriolanus, iii. 2. 121; -Lucrece, 1766; Chapman, tr. Iliad, vii. 45. OF. _sursis_, delay, stop -(Littré), Anglo-F. _sursise_ (Laws of William); _sursis_, pp. of Norm. -F. _surseër_ (F. _surseoir_), to pause, intermit (Moisy), Mod. L. -_supersedere_, to delay (Ducange). In Law L. a writ of _supersedeas_ is -issued to stay proceedings, L. _supersedere_, to desist from. _Surcease_ -owes its form to association with _cease_ (F. _cesser_). Tho original -pronunciation of the _i_ in _sursis_ is preserved as in _caprice_, -_police_, _machine_, _marine_. - -=surcingle,= a girth, a girdle. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4 -(Captain). OF. _sourcengle_ (Godefroy). L. _super_, above; _cingulum_, a -belt, girdle, from _cingere_, to gird. - -=sure,= indissolubly joined, firmly united. Merry Wives, v. 5. 249; L. -L. L. v. 2. 286; affianced, betrothed, ‘A woman he was sure unto’, -Records of Oxford, A.D. 1530, p. 75. - -=surfle, surfell, surphle,= to wash with sulphur-water or other -cosmetic. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 3 (Maquerelle); Ford, Love’s -Sacrifice, ii. 1 (Mauruccio). OF. _soufrer_, to impregnate with sulphur -or with sulphur-vapour (Godefroy, Supp.). - -=surquedry,= presumption, pride, arrogance. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 31; -Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalaura); Drayton, Owl, p. 1301 -(Nares); _surcuidrie_, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvii. 20. ME. _surquidrie_, -presumption (Chaucer, C. T. I. 403), arrogance (id., Tr. and Cr. i. -213). Anglo-F. _surquiderie_ (Gower, Mirour, 1443), OF. _surcuiderie_, -arrogance; cp. _cuider_, _quider_ (Ch. Rol.), L. _cogitare_, to think. - -=surreined,= overridden, that has felt the ‘rein’ too much. Hen. V, iii. -5. 19. See =sooreyn.= - -=surround,= to overflow; ‘Surround, or overflow, _oultre couler_’, -Sherwood, so also Cotgrave; ‘By thencrease of waters dyvers londes . . . -ben surrounded and destroyed’, Statutes, 4 Hen. VII, c. 7 (A.D. 1489). -OF. _soronder_, to overflow, see Burguy and Roquefort, Norm. F. -_surunder_, _soronder_ (Moisy); Med. L. _superundare_ ‘abonder’ -(Ducange). See Notes on Eng. Etym. - -=sursurrara,= a writ of _certiorari_. Middleton, Phoenix, i. 4 (Tangle). -See Stanford (s.v. Certiorari), Nares (s.v. Sasarara), and EDD. (s.v. -Siserary). - -=suscitate,= to stir up, Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 26, § 4; -_suscitability_, aptness to move, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). L. -_suscitare_, to arouse. - -=suspect,= suspicion. Comedy of Errors, iii. 1. 87; Rich. III, i. 3. 89; -B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 4. Very common in authors of this period. -Med. L. _suspectus_, ‘suspicio’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. _sospet_, -‘soupçon’ (Levy). - -=suspire,= to draw a breath; used of a new-born child, King John, iii. -4. 80; used of a dying man, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 5. 32; a deep breath, a sigh, -Massinger, Old Law, v. 1 (Cleanthes); Heywood, Brazen Age (Hercules), in -Wks., iii. 249. L. _suspirare_, to draw a deep breath. - -=swad,= a clown, a rustic. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts); -Lyly, Midas, iv. 3 (Petulus). A north-country word for a stupid fellow, -see EDD. (s.v. Swad, sb.^{3}). Prob. identical with _swad_, a sod, a -clod, see EDD. (s.v. Sward, sb.^{2} 1). - -=swaddle,= to beat, cudgel. Fletcher, Captain, ii. 2 (Frederick); -Butler, Hud. i. 1. 24; Cotgrave (s.v. Chaperon); ‘To swaddle or cudgel, -_bastonner_’, Sherwood. _To swaddle a person’s sides_, ‘to beat him -soundly’, is a Kentish phrase, Kennett, Par. Antiq. (ann. 1695). See -EDD. (s.v. Swaddle, vb.^{1} 2). See Halliwell, and Nares. - -=swag,= to sway aside; ‘To swag on one side, _pencher tout d’un costé_’, -Sherwood; Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 1 (Harebrain). See EDD. - -=swage,= to ‘assuage’. Milton, Samson, 184; P. L. i. 556; Gascoigne, -Fruites of Warre, st. 120. In common prov. use in this sense (EDD.). ME. -_swagyn_, ‘mitigo’ (Prompt.). - -=swale,= a cool shade; ‘Trees which gave a pleasant swale’, Golding, -Metam. v. 336 (L. _umbra_); fol. 60, back (1603). An E. Anglian word, -see EDD. (s.v. Swale, sb.^{1}). ME. _swale_, ‘umbra, umbraculum’ -(Prompt. EETS. 444). Icel. _sval_, a cool breeze; Norw. dial. _svala_ -(Aasen). - -=sward,= the hard outer rind of bacon; ‘(He) liveth harde with baken -swarde’, Kendall, Flowers of Epigrammes (Nares); ‘The sward of bacon, -_la peau de lard ou d’un jambon_,’ Sherwood. In prov. use in various -parts of England (EDD.). ME. _sward_ of flesh, ‘coriana’ (Prompt. EETS. -445). OE. _sweard_, rind of bacon, cp. G. _schwarte_, skin, rind. - -=swarth,= a track, pathway; ‘There is a hardway, and at Binsey the said -way is called in one or two places _the king’s swarth_ . . . the king’s -way’, Hearne, Reliquiae, Feb. 10 and 11, 1728; ‘The king’s swarth -(formerly called also Port street), beyond New Parks by Oxford, went -over by a bridge the river Charwell’, id., April 23, 1720. OE. _swaðu_, -a track. See =swath.= - -=swarth,= in Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 162, ‘By great swarths’, apparently ‘in -great quantities’. In Cheshire they speak of a heavy hay-crop being ‘a -good swarth’, see EDD. (s.v. Swarth, sb.^{1}). Probably the same word as -=swath,= q.v. - -=swarth,= black, dark, swarthy. Titus And. ii. 3. 72; Two Noble Kinsmen, -iv. 2. 27; Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 343. A Kentish form (EDD.). - -=swarty,= dark, ‘swarthy’. Fletcher, Bonduca, iii. 1 (Caratach); Titus -And. ii. 3. 72 (in the quarto editions). See Dict. (s.v. Swart). - -=swash,= to strike violently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 53, 125. In -prov. use (EDD.). - -=swash,= a swaggering bully. Three Ladies of London (Fraud), in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 254; Britannia Triumphans, 1637 (Nares). Also -_swasher_, Hen. V, iii. 2. 30; _swashing_, blustering, As You Like It, -i. 3. 122; tremendous, crushing, Romeo, i. 1. 70. In prov. use ‘to -swash’ means to swagger, to walk with a boastful air; ‘a swasher’ is a -swaggerer, see EDD. (s.v. Swash, 5). - -=swash-buckler,= one who ‘swashes’ or beats his buckler, Beaumont and -Fl., Bloody Brother, v. 2 (Latorch); Faithful Friends, i. 2. 7; -‘_Mangia-ferro_, _Mangia-cadenacci_, a devourer of iron-bolts, a -swash-buckler, a bragging toss-blade, a swaggerer’, Florio; ‘_Bravache_, -swaggerer, swash-buckler’, Cotgrave. See Halliwell. - -=swash-ruter,= a swaggaring soldier, a swaggerer. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, i. 544. See =rutter.= - -=swath,= a row of grass mown; ‘The Greeks fall down before him like the -mower’s swath’, Tr. and Cr. v. 5. 25; ‘Grass lately in swaths is meat -for an ox’, Tusser, Husbandry. In prov. use in various parts of England -(EDD.). ME. _swath_ of mowing, ‘falcidium’ (Prompt. EETS. 445); -_swathe_, ‘orbita falcatoris’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _swæð_, a track, the -track of a plough, ‘somita’ (B. T.). See =swarth= (a track). - -=swathling-clothes,= swaddling-clothes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 112 (Q. -edd.). ME. _swathlen_, to swaddle; _swaþeling-bonde_, a swaddling-band -(Cursor Mundi, 1343). See Dict. (s.v. Swaddle). - -†=swatley.= ‘Ay mun cut off the lugs and naes [ears and nose] on ’em [of -him]; he’ll be a pretty swatley fellow, bawt [without] lugs and naes’, -Otway, Cheats of Scapin, iii (Scapin, in a Lancs. dialect). Meaning -unexplained. - -=sweam,= faintness, attack of dizziness; ‘The slothfull sweames of -sluggardye’, Mirror for Mag., Iago, Lenvoy, st. 1; ‘Sweam or swaim, -_subita aegrotatio_’, Gouldman. ‘Sweem’ is a Somerset word for a state -of giddiness or faintness, see EDD. (s.v. Swim, sb.^{2}). Cognate with -OE. _swīma_, dizziness, giddiness (B. T.). See =sweme.= - -=sweet-breasted,= sweet-voiced, having a sweet voice. Beaumont and Fl., -Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier). - -=swelt,= to faint, swoon; ‘In weary woes to swelt’, Gascoigne (Nares); -_swelt_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 9; vi. 12. 21. Still in use in -the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Swelt, vb.^{1} 2). ME. _swelten_, to -faint, languish (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1356); to die (id., Tr. and Cr. iii. -347). OE. _sweltan_, to die. - -=swelter,= to exude; ‘Toad . . . that has . . . swelter’d venom’, -Macbeth, iv. 1. 8. In prov. use in the sense of a profuse perspiration, -see EDD. (s.v. Swelter, 7). - -=swelth,= a whirlpool; ‘A deadly gulfe . . . With foule black swelth’, -Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 31; ‘Rude Acheron . . . with swelth as -black as hell’, id., 69, see Nares. ME. _swelth_ of a water, ‘vorago’ -(Prompt. EETS. 445, see note, no. 2179). - -=sweme,= grief; ‘His hert began to melt For veray sweme of this swemeful -tale’, Lydgate (Halliwell). ME. _sweem_, grief (Prompt., Harl. MS.); -_swem_ (Gen. and Ex. 1961). Cp. OE. _ā-swǣman_, to be grieved, -‘tabescere’ (Ps. cxviii. 158 (Lambeth)). See =sweam.= - -=sweven,= a dream. Morte Arthur, leaf 27. 1; bk. i, c. 13; Ordinary, Old -Play, x. 236 (Nares). ME. _sweven_ (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 28). OE. -_swefn_. - -=swill-bowl,= a heavy drinker; spelt _swiel bolle_. Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Cicero, § 65. - -=swinge,= to beat, thrash, lash, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, -iv. 5 (Valentine); Two Gent. ii. 1. 91; King John, ii. 1. 288; 2 Hen. -IV, v. 4. 21; to lash, as with a long tail, Milton, Nativ. 172; sway, -tyranny, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 26. In prov. use in Scotland -and England in the sense of to beat, thrash (EDD.). ME. _swyngyn_, also, -_swengyn_, to shake (Prompt.). OE. _swengan_. - -=swinge,= to singe. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 26. In common prov. use in -Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.). - -=swinge-buckler,= a swash-buckler. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 24. - -=swink,= to toil, labour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 8, 36, 58 _swinkt_, pp., -wearied with toil, ‘The swinkt hedger’, Milton, Comus, 293; labour, -toil, ‘How great sport they gaynen with little swincke’, Spenser, Shep. -Kal., May, 36; Sidney, Arcadia, p. 398 (Nares). ‘To swink’, to toil, -work hard, is in use in Galloway, ‘Lord, but he swankit it that day!’ -(EDD.). ME. _swinken_, to toil, _swink_, toil (Chaucer). OE. _swincan_. - -=swithe,= quickly. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, ii. 47 (Nares); _swithe and -tite_, quickly and at once, id., i. 4. 13. In common use in Scotland, -see EDD. (s.v. Swith). ME. _swythe_, quickly, immediately (Chaucer, C. -T. C. 796, and B. 637). OE. _swīðe_, strongly. See =tit.= - -=Switzer,= one of a Swiss mercenary guard. Webster, White Devil -(Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 12; Hamlet, iv. 5. 97; _Switzers_, inhabitants -of Switzerland, Bacon, Essay 14. - -=swoop,= a sweeping movement, rush. Macbeth, iv. 3. 219; Webster, White -Devil (beginning); ed. Dyce, p. 5. _Swoopstake_ (old edd. _soopstake_), -drawing the whole stake at once, indiscriminately, Hamlet, iv. 5. 141. - -=swough,= a heavy murmuring sound. Morte Arthur, leaf 83. 20; bk. v, c. -4. Cp. the prov. words, ‘swow’ and ‘sough’ in EDD. ME. _swowyn_, to make -a murmuring sound (Prompt.). OE. _swōgan_, to make a noise like the -wind. - -=swound,= to ‘swoon’. Fletcher, Night-Walker, i. 4. 8; Middleton, Mayor -of Queenb. v. 1 (Oliver); a swoon, Dryden, Palamon, i. 537; iii. 982. In -gen. prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.). See =sowne= (2). - -=syke,= such. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A north-country form, -see EDD. (s.v. Such). ME. _sike_ (Wars Alex. 126) OE. _swilc_ (_swylc_). -See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Swyche). - -=symarr,= a loose robe for a lady: Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 341. See -=cymar.= - -=synnet;= see =sennet.= - -=synteresis,= a word said to have been invented by John Damascene, and -used by Aquinas and the schoolmen in the sense of ‘observation’ of the -laws of right and wrong as exercised by the conscience, self-reproach. -Nabbes, Microcosmus, v (Conscience); Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1902, 39). -Gk. συντήρησις, observation, fr. συντηρέω, to observe strictly (a N. T. -word, cp. Mark vi. 20). See C. Bigg’s Introd. to Imitatio Christi, p. 2 -on the L. _sinderesis_, iv. 11 (Magd. MS.). The word _sindérèse_ is used -by French theological writers, Bossuet for example. - -=sypers,= a thin textile material, J. Heywood, The Four P’s (Anc. Brit. -Drama, p. 10). See =cypress.= - -=syse,= an allowance or settled ration; _to keepe the syse_, to exercise -moderation, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 10. See Dict. (s.v. Size, -1). - - - - - T - - -=T= for _to_, freq. profixed to verbs; as in _tabandon_, to abandon, -_tescape_, to escape; so in Chaucer, _tabyde_, _tacoye_, _tamende_, &c. - -=tabid,= liable to waste away. Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 19; -_tabidly inclined_, id., § 4. L. _tabidus_, wasting away. - -=tabine,= ‘tabby’, a stuff orig. striped, later waved or watered. -Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 6. Ital. _tabino_, ‘tabine’ -(Florio). See NED. (s.v. Tabby). - -=table,= the tablet or panel on which a picture is painted; ‘I beheld -myself drawn in the flattering table of her eye’, King John, ii. 504; -‘To sit and draw his arched brows . . . in our heart’s table’, All’s -Well, i. 1. 106; a picture, ‘The figure of a hangman In a table of the -Passion’, Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 2. 5; Sir T. -Elyot, Governour (ed. Croft, ii. 422). L. _tabula_, a painted tablet or -panel of a picture. - -=table,= a writing-tablet. BIBLE, Hab. ii. 2; Luke i. 63; 2 Cor. iii. 3; -_tables_, a set of tablets, a note-book, Hamlet, i. 5. 107; also, -_table-book_, id., ii. 2. 136; hence, _tabled_, noted, set down, -Cymbeline, i. 4. 6. ME. _table_: ‘a peyre of tables all of yvory’ -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 1741). L. _tabula_, a writing-tablet. - -=tables,= the ordinary name for backgammon, L. L. L. v. 2. 326. See -Nares. ME. _tables_ (Chaucer, C. T. F. 900), Anglo-F. _juer as tables_ -(Ch. Rol. l. 111). - -=tabourine,= a small drum. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 275. F. _tabourin_ (Dict. -de l’Acad., 1694), see Hatzfeld (s.v. Tambourin). - -=tabride,= a ‘tabard’; a surcoat worn over armour and emblazoned with -armorial bearings. Warner, Alb. England, bk. v, ch. 27. See Dict. - -=tache,= a fault or vice. Warner, Alb. England, xiii. 77. 318 (NED.); to -find fault with, id., bk. x, ch. 58. ME. _tache_ (_tacche_), a stain, -blemish, fault (P. Plowman, B. ix. 146). Anglo-F. _tache_, a stain, -blemish (Gower, Mirour, 1231). - -=tack,= that which fastens. Phr. _to hold tack with_, to hold one’s -ground with; to be even with; ‘A thousande pounde with Lyberte may holde -no tacke’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2084; to be a match for, to hold at -bay, Drayton, Pol. xi. 48; _to hold tack_, to hold out, to endure, -Butler, Hud. i. 3. 277. - -=tack,= a smack, taste or flavour which lasts, holds out. Drayton, Pol. -xix. 130; ‘_Le poisson pique_, begins to have a tacke or ill taste’, -Cotgrave. The same word as above. - -=tackle,= a mistress, a trull (Cant). Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 -(Belfond Senior). - -=tag,= a rabble, mob. Coriolanus, iii. 1. 248; _tag-rag people_, the -mob, Julius C. i. 2. 260; ‘_Tagge and ragge_, cutte and longe tayle’ -(i.e. a mixed mob), Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 45. - -=taillee,= to ‘tally’, to keep account, at the game of basset. Farquhar, -Sir H. Wildair, i. 1 (Parly); ‘You used to taillee with success’, id., -ii. 2 (Lurewell). - -=taint,= a successful hit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iii. 374; vii. 222. -ME. _taynte_, a ‘hit’ in tilting (NED., s.v. Taint, sb. 1). Short for -_attaint_, F. ‘_attainte_, a reach, hit, home touch’ (Cotgr.), OF. -_atainte_ (_ateinte_), deriv. of _ataindre_, to attain unto, to touch. - -=taint,= to ‘hit’ in tilting. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. ii. 1 -(Carlo); Massinger, Parl. of Love, iv. 3 (near end); Marlowe, 2 -Tamburlaine, i. 3; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 259. - -=taint,= to ‘tent’, to search a wound. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 65, 314. - -=tainture,= an imputation of dishonour. Fletcher, Thierry, i. 1. 1; -Sandys, tr. of Ovid’s Metam. i. 20. See NED. (s.v. Attainture). - -=take me with you,= let me understand you clearly, i.e. do not go faster -than I can follow you; be explicit; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 506. _Take us with -you_, understand us clearly, A Cure for a Cuckold (near the end). - -=take order,= to take measures, to make arrangements. North, tr. of -Plutarch, Julius Caes., § 9 (in Shak. Plut., p. 52); Octavius, § 8 (p. -246); Bacon, Essay 36; BIBLE, 2 Macc. iv. 27. - -=take up,= to check oneself, stop short. Pepys, Diary, Nov. 13, 1661; -Massinger, Picture, v. 3 (Mathias); to settle, arrange amicably a -quarrel, As You Like It, v. 4. 104; to take up one’s quarters, B. -Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 2; Pepys, Diary, Oct. 14, 1662. - -=taken with the maner;= see =maner.= - -=taking,= a disturbed state of mind, state of agitation. Merry Wives, -iii. 3. 191; also, malignant influence, King Lear, iii. 4. 61. Very -common in prov. use in the sense of a state of agitation. See EDD. (s.v. -Taking, 2). - -=taking,= infectious. King Lear, ii. 4. 166; Fletcher, The False One, -iv. 3 (Septimius). Still in use in Cumberland in this sense, ‘It’s a -varra takkan disease’, see EDD. (s.v. Taking, 1 (2)). - -=tale,= a specified number, that which is counted. BIBLE, Exod. v. 8. -18; 1 Sam. xviii. 27; 1 Chron. ix. 28; ‘Every shepherd tells his tale’ -(i.e. counts his sheep), Milton, L’Allegro, 67 (but meaning in this -passage disputed). - -=talent,= the talon of a bird of prey. For _talon_. L. L. L. iv. 2. 65; -Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 44; ‘Talant of an hauk’, Levins, Manip. Hence -_talenter_, a bird of prey with talons, as a hawk, Middleton and Rowley, -World Tost at Tennis (Denmark House). - -=tall,= valiant, brave. Ant. and Cl. ii. 6. 7; often used ironically, as -in Merry Wives, ii. 2. 11; &c. - -=tallage,= a tax, impost, levy, rate, toll; ‘Tallages and taxations’, -North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 12 (in Shak. Plut., p. 171). -Anglo-F. _tallage_, ‘taille, taxe’ (Moisy). See Dict. (s.v. Tally). - -†=tallow-catch,= 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 256 (so Quartos and Folios). The form -and meaning doubtful. Supposed by some to = _tallow-ketch_, i.e. a tub -filled with tallow; by others = _tallow keech_, a round lump of fat. See -=keech.= - -=talwood,= wood cut into billets for burning; firewood. Skelton, Why -Come ye nat to Courte, 79; Tasser, Husbandry, § 53. 12. A Sussex word -(EDD.). A rendering of OF. _bois de tail_, ‘bois en coupe’ (Godefroy). - -=tamin,= a kind of thin woollen stuff; ‘In an old tamin gown’, -Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Overreach). F. _étamine_, stamin; -‘_estamine_, the stuff Tamine’ (Cotgr.). - -=tancrete,= transcribed, copied. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Courte, -417. OF. _tanscrit_, for _transcrit_, transcribed (Godefroy, s.v. -_transcrit_), L. _transcriptum_. - -=tanling,= one that is tanned by the heat of the sun. Cymbeline, iv. 4. -29. - -=tannikin, tannakin, tanakin,= a dimin. pet-form of the name Anna, used -especially for a German or Dutch girl. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, i. 1 -(Freevil); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1 (Eyre). - -=tanti,= so much for (you); an exclamation of depreciation and contempt. -Marlowe, Edw. II, i. 1. 22; Fuimus Troes, iii. 7 (Eulinus). L. _tanti_, -of so much value. - -=Tantony,= for _St. Anthony_; often with reference to the attributes -with which the saint was accompanied; as a crutch, a pouch, or a pig; -‘His tantonie pouch’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Riscio); ‘Like a -tantony pig’, Bickerstaff, Love in a Village, i. 5. 3. See EDD. (s.v. -Saint Anthony). - -=tapet,= a cloth on which tapestry is worked. Spenser, Muiopotmos, 276; -_tapets_, pl. tapestries; met. foliage of trees, Mirror for Mag., -Induction, st. 1. OE. _tæppet_, Late L. _tapetum_. - -=tappish,= to lurk, lie, hid. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxii. 158; -_tappis_, Lady Alimony, ii. 6 (Tillyvally); _tappes’d_, hidden, -Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, v. 1 (Cheatly). F. _tapir_, to hide; _se -tapir_, to crouch, lie close, lurk (Cotgr.); pres. part, _tapissant_. -See =untappice.= - -=taratantara,= the blast of a trumpet; ‘Christ . . . in the clowdes of -heaven with his Taratantara sounding’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (ed. -Furnivall, 24); ‘The noise of tarantara’s clang’, Grimald, Death of -Zoroas, 2. Onomatopoetic, cp. L. _taratantara_ (Ennius). - -=targe,= shield. Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 57; Milton, P. L. ix. -1111. Anglo-F. _targe_, a buckler (Ch. Rol. 3569). - -=target,= a light round buckler. Hall, Chron. Henry VIII, 2; North, tr. -of Plutarch, Julius Caesar, § 11 (in Shak. Plut., 54). See Dict. - -=tarmagon,= a termagant, a virago, vixen. Lady Alimony, i. 4. 1. See -Dict. (s.v. Termagant). - -=tarpawlin,= a sailor, jack-tar. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 -(Scapin). The same as _tarpaulin_, a tarred canvas covering. See Trench, -Select Glossary. - -=tarras, tarrass,= a terrace. Bacon, Essay 45, § 5; Chapman, May-day, -Act v (Lodovico). Hence, _tarrest_, terraced, provided with terraces; -Heywood, London’s Jus Honorarium; Works, iv. 276. - -=tarre on,= to set on a dog, to incite him to bite, King John, iv. 1. -117; Hamlet, ii. 2. 370; ‘To tarr on’, meaning to excite to anger, is in -common use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. _terre_, to provoke: ‘Nyle ye terre -youre sones to wraththe’ (Wyclif, Eph. vi. 4). OE. _tergan_, to vex, see -B. T. (s.v. Tirgan). - -=tarsell,= a tercel, male hawk. Skelton, Philip Sparowe, 558. See -=tassel.= - -=Tartarian,= a Tartar; a cant word for a thief. Merry Devil, i. 1. 13; -Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 (end). - -=task,= to tax. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 3. 92. Norm. F. _tasque_, taxe, règlement -imposé par l’autorité pour le prix de certaines marchandises (Moisy), -Med. L. _tasca_ (Ducange), L. _taxare_, to rate, estimate the value of a -thing. - -†=tassaker,= a cup or goblet; ‘This Dutch tassaker’, Heywood, Rape of -Lucrece, iii. 3 (Valerius). Not found elsewhere. - -=tassel,= the male of any kind of hawk; ‘_Tiercelet_, the Tassel, so -termed because he is commonly a third part less than the female’, -Cotgrave; _tassel-gentle_, the male of the falcon, Romeo, ii. 2. 160; -_tassel gent_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 49; _tiercel gentle_, Massinger, -Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo). See =tercel.= - -=taste,= to put to the proof, try, prove to be, Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 267; -to try the use of, to use (in affected speech), Twelfth Nt. iii. 1. 87; -to experience, to feel, Tempest, v. 1. 123. - -=tat, tatt,= a false die; _tatts_, pl. false dice (Cant). Shadwell, -Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Hackum). _Tatmonger_, a sharper who uses false -dice (in the same scene). - -=tatler,= for _tattler_, a slang term for a repeater, or a striking -watch; because it _tattles_ or utters sounds. Shadwell, Squire of -Alsatia, ii. 1 (Belfond Senior). - -=tatterdemallion, tatterdimallian,= a man in tattered clothing; a ragged -fellow. Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon); Howell, Foreign -Travell, sect. vi, p. 37. See NED. - -=taumpin,= a ‘tampion’, a plug. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 642; ‘Tampyon -for a gon, _tampon_’, Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Tampion). - -=taunt pour taunte,= tit for tat. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 68. -F. _tant pour tant_, one for another (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Taunt). - -=Taurus:= ‘Taurus? that’s sides and heart. No, sir, it is legs and -thighs’, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 147. In astrology, the signs of the zodiac -were severally supposed to govern various parts of the body; and Taurus -governed the neck and throat; hence, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby were both -wrong (intentionally so); see Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 1. - -=tavell,= the bobbin on which silk is wound for use in the shuttle. -Skelton, Garland of Laurell, 791; Against Comely Coystrowne, 34. Cp. -mod. F. _tavelle_, the bobbin on which the silk is wound off the -cocoons; see NED. - -=taw,= to beat, thrash, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 3 (Ursula); _tawed_, -treated like hides in making them into leather, ‘Greedy care . . . With -tawed handes, and hard ytanned skyn’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., -Induction, st. 39. See Nares and Dict. - -=taw,= to draw along. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, l. 14 from -end. See Nares (s.v. Tawe). - -=tawdry,= pl. _tawdries_, defined as ‘a kind of necklace worn by country -wenches’; Drayton, Pol. ii. 46; iv. 50. _Tawdry-lace_, St. Awdry’s lace, -i.e. lace bought at St. Awdry’s fair at Ely, Fletcher, Faith. -Shepherdess, iv. 1 (Amarillis). See Dict. - -=tax,= to take to task, criticize, censure, reprove. Rowley, All’s Lost, -v. 5. 74; Hamlet, i. 4. 18; also, to task, Much Ado, ii. 3. 46. See -=task.= - -=teade,= a torch. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 37; id., Muiopotmos, 293; -Heywood, Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 424. L. _taeda_, a -torch. - -=teemed,= arranged in a ‘team’; said of horses. Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, -314. - -=teen,= harm, injury, hurt, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 18; vexation, -annoyance, id., ii. 1. 15; grief, id., ii. 1. 21; ii. 1. 58. In prov. -use in the north country in the sense of anger, vexation, in Scotland -also in the sense of sorrow, grief. ME. _tene_, vexation, grief -(Chaucer). See Dict. M. and S. OE. _tēona_, damage, harm, insult, -calumny. - -†=teen,= keen; ‘The teenest Rasor’, Lyly, Euphues, pp. 34, 249. Not -found elsewhere. - -=teend,= to kindle a fire. Herrick, Hesp., Candlemas Day, id., -Ceremonies for Christmas, st. 2. A Lancashire pronunciation, see EDD. -(s.v. Tend, vb.^{2}). ME. _teend_ (Wyclif, Isaiah l. 11); OE. _tendan_, -in compounds, as _ontendan_ (Exod. xxii. 6). See =tind.= - -=tegge,= a female deer in the second year; ‘Tegge, or pricket, -_saillant_’, Palsgrave; Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 193. -Skelton has _tegges_, women (used in contempt), Elynour Rummyng, l. 131. -‘Teg’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and southern counties in the -sense of a yearling sheep before it is shorn (EDD.). - -=teil-tree,= a lime-tree or linden. BIBLE, Isaiah vi. 13; _teyle_, -Golding, Metam. viii. 620; fol. 102, back (1603). OF. _teil_; L. -_tilia_. - -=teint,= tint, colour. Dryden, To Sir G. Kneller, 178. F. _teint_, -colour, complexion. - -=teld,= _pt. t._, told. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 44. In common use in -Yorkshire, see EDD. (s.v. Tell, 2). ME. _telde_, told; ‘And thei . . . -telden alle these thingis’ (Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 9). OE. _tealde_, also -_telede_ (Leechdoms); see B. T. (s.v. Tellan). - -=temper,= to govern, rule, control. Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 1294. L. -_temperare_, to regulate, control. In prov. use in Scotland (EDD.). - -=tempt,= to try, essay. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 496; Milton, P. -L. ii. 404. In prov. use (EDD.). L. _temptare_ (gen. written _tentare_), -to attempt, essay. - -=ten bones,= the ten fingers. 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 193; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, i. 3 (Petruchio); ‘I swear by these ten’ (i.e. ten bones), B. -Jonson, Masque of M. Gipsies (3 Gipsy). - -=tender,= to treat with kindness, to take care of. Two Gent. iv. 4. 145; -Taming Shrew, Induction, i. 16; Hamlet, i. 3. 107; regard, care, King -Lear, i. 4. 230. See Schmidt. - -=tenent,= a tenet, an opinion; ‘There are other assertions and common -Tenents drawn from Scripture’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med. i. 22; Earle, -Microcosm., § 11 (ed. Arber, 34). See NED. - -=teniente,= a lieutenant. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez). Span. -_teniente de una compañia_, lieutenant of a company (Neuman); -_lugarteniente_, lieutenant (Stevens). - -=tent,= to apply a ‘tent’, or plug of linen, to a wound. Webster, White -Devil (Flamineo); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, iv. 3 (Colax). ME. -_tent_ of a wound (Prompt. EETS. 476). F. _tente_ (Cotgr.). See Dict. -(s.v. Tent, 2). - -=tercel,= the male of any kind of hawk. Bk. St. Albans (NED.); -_tiercel_, Phillips, Dict., 1706. ME. _tercel_ (Chaucer, Parl. Foules, -405 (v.rr. _tersel_, _tarsell_); _tarcel_, ‘tardarius’ (Voc. 615. 24). -OF. _tercel_ (Godefroy), O. Prov. _tersol_ (Levy), Span. _terzuelo_, -Ital. _terzuolo_, Med. L. _tertiolus_ (Ducange), F. _tiercelet_ -(dimin.), ‘a tassel’ (Cotgr.). See =tassel.= - -=terlerie-whiskie,= a twirling about; a phrase of little meaning, in the -refrain of a song. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, v. iii -(Merrythought). See NED. (s.v. Terlerie). - -=termer= (applied to both sexes), one who resorts to London in term-time -only, for the sake of gain or for intrigue; a frequenter of the -law-courts. Middleton, Roaring Girl (Preface); id., The Witch, i. 1 -(Gasparo); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, i. 1 (Oldcraft). - -=termless,= unlimited, infinite, Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 75; -incapable of being expressed by terms, inexpressible, indescribable, -Lover’s Complaint, 94. - -=terre,= to throw upon the ground; ‘He terr’d his glove’, Warner, Alb. -England, bk. iii, ch. 16, st. 44. A nonce-word. - -†=terrial.= ‘The terrials of her legs were stained with blood’ (said of -a hawk), Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 3 (Sir Francis). Perhaps an error -for _terret_, one of the two rings by which the leash is attached to the -jesses of a hawk (NED.). - -=tertia,= a regiment of infantry. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1. 6; Dryden, -Conq. of Granada, II. i. 1 (K. Ferdinand). Span. _tercio_, a regiment, a -third part (Stevens). - -=testate,= a witness. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., v (Generous); vol. iv, -p. 251; Iron Age, Part II (Orestes); vol. iii, p. 422. - -=testy,= witness; ‘Gives testies of their Maisters amorous hart’, Faire -Em, ii. 1. 100. Cp. L. _teste_, the word which began the last clause of -a writ, and signifying ‘witness’; being the abl. of L. _testis_, a -witness. See NED. (s.v. Teste, sb.^{2} 2 c). - -=tetchy, teachy,= quick to take offence, short-tempered, testy. Spelt -_teachy_, Earle, Microcosm., § 34 (ed. Arber, 56); _teachie_, Romeo, i. -3. 32 (1592). See NED. - -=tetragrammaton,= the Greek name of the Hebrew ‘four-lettered’ word, -written Y H W H, vocalized Y a H W e H by modern scholars; in the BIBLE -written JEHOVAH (Exod. vi. 3), but gen. rendered by ‘the LORD’; ‘Our -English tongue as well as the Hebrew hath a Tetragrammaton, whereby God -may be named; to wit, Good’, Wither, Lord’s Prayer, 17 (NED.); Greene, -Friar Bacon, iv. 3. Gk. τετραγράμματον (Philo, 2. 152). - -=tettish, teatish,= peevish, fretful. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without -Money, v. 2 (Valentine); Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Bianca). - -=tew,= a set of fishing-nets, nets. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vi, ch. -29, st. 27; spelt _tewgh_, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, i. 3 (NED.). ME. -_tewe_, fishing tackle (Prompt. EETS. 477), OE. (_ge_)_tǣwe_, _getāwe_, -tackle, equipment. - -=tew,= to convert hide into leather; ‘I tewe leather, _je souple_’, -Palsgrave; to prepare for some purpose, ‘The toiling fisher here is -tewing of his net’, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 139; to beat, thrash, Fletcher, -Beggar’s Bush, iii. 2 (Clause); _to tew hemp_, Ray’s Country Words, A.D. -1691. In prov. use for dressing leather and beating hemp, see EDD. (s.v. -Tew, vb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _tewyn lethyr_, ‘frunio, corrodio’ (Prompt.). - -=tewly,= scarlet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 798. Silk of this colour is -often referred to by earlier writers, as in Richard Coer de Lion, 67, -1516, Syr Gawayne, Beves of Hamtoun (Halliwell, s.v. Tuly); _tuly_, -colowre, ‘puniceus’ (Prompt. EETS. 494). OF. _tieulé_, of the colour of -a tile, i.e. red (Godefroy), deriv. of _tieule_ (F. _tuile_), a tile, L. -_tegula_. - -=teyle;= see =teil-tree.= - -=teyned.= ‘In shape of teyned gold’, Golding, Metam. v. 11. ME. _teyne_, -a slender rod of metal (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1225, 1229, 1240). Icel. -_teinn_, rod, _gull-teinn_, a rod of gold. - -=than,= then. Spenser, F. Q. v. 11. 38 (Common). - -=tharborough,= a form of =thirdborough,= q.v. L. L. L. i. 1. 185. - -=thatch’d head,= a term of abuse for an Irishman; one with thick matted -hair. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria). - -=thee,= to thrive, prosper. Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 8; Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 1. 33; ii. 11. 17. ME. _thee_ (Chaucer), OE. _þēon_. See Dict. M. -and S. (s.v. Theen). - -=thembatel,= for _the embatel_, the battlement; ‘Griped for hold -thembatel of the wall’, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 581. Not found -elsewhere. - -=therm, tharm,= an intestine. Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 100). Still -in use in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tharm). OE. (Anglian) -_þarm_, a bowel. - -=thewes,= good qualities or habits. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 3; i. 10. 4; -ii. 1. 33; ii. 10. 59; Heywood, Britain’s Troy, i. 61 (Nares). Hence -_thewed_, having qualities of a certain kind, F. Q. ii. 6. 26. OE. -_þēaw_, usage, custom, habit. - -=thewes,= the bodily powers of a man, in Shaks. the bodily proportions -as indicating physical strength, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 276; Jul. Caes. i. -3. 81; Hamlet, i. 3. 12. - -=thick,= a thicket. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 39; ii. 3. 21; Shep. Kal., -March, 73; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, v. 5 (Cloe; near the end). In -Suffolk groves and woods with close underwood are called ‘thicks’, see -EDD. (s.v. Thick, 14). - -=thiller,= the shaft-horse in a team. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4. In -gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south of England, see EDD. Deriv. of -ME. _thylle_ of a cart, ‘temo’ (Prompt.). - -=thill-horse,= the shaft-horse; ‘The Thill-horse in Charles’s Wain’, -Derham (NED.). In common use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Thill, sb.^{1} 2 4). See =fill.= - -=thirdborough,= the petty constable of a township or manor. L. L. L. i. -1. 185; cp. Taming Shrew, Induct, i. 12; B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 -(Hugh). Probably a corruption of an earlier _frithborh_; OE. _friðborh_, -peace-surety, frankpledge. See NED. - -=thirdendale:= phr. _thirdendale gallant_, the third part of a gallant, -Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Scumbroath); Works, iii. 329. See -=halfendeale.= - -=this,= thus. Skelton, Death of Edw. IV, 38; Philip Sparowe, 366; and -often. - -=tho,= then. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 18; ii. 8. 47. ME. _tho_, then -(Chaucer). see M. and S.; OE. _þā_. - -=thole,= the dome of a temple, within which votive offerings were -suspended; ‘Let Altars smoake and Tholes expect our spoiles’, Fisher, -True Trojans, iii. 2 (Nennius). Gk. θόλος, a round building with a -cupola; at Athens, the Rotunda in which the Prytanes, the committee of -50, dined at the public cost. - -=thorow-lights,= lights or windows on both sides of a room. Bacon, Essay -45, § 3. From _thorow_ = through. - -=thrall,= _v._, to enthral, enslave. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 29; vi. 11. -44. - -=threap,= to rebuke; to maintain obstinately. Greene, James IV, -Induction (Bohan); _threpped_, pp., Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 354. -In gen. prov. use in both senses in Scotland, Ireland, and in England, -north country and Midlands. See EDD. (s.v. Threap, 5); ME. _threpe_, to -assert to be (Chaucer). OE. _þrēapian_, to rebuke, argue. - -=threave,= a large number, a multitude, a swarm of insects; ‘Threaves of -busy flies’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 401 (in later ed. ‘swarms of -flies’); a bundle or handful tied up like a small sheaf, Chapman, Gent. -Usher, ii. 1 (Bassiolo). The word is used in many parts of Scotland and -England in the sense of a considerable number or quantity, see EDD. -(s.v. Thrave, sb. 3). Icel. _þrefi_, a number of sheaves. - -=three-farthings.= King John, i. 143. Alluding to the very thin -three-farthing (silver) pieces of Qu. Elizabeth, which bore her profile, -with a rose at the back of her head. - -=three-pile,= three-piled velvet. The richest kind of velvet was called -_three-pile_ or _three-piled velvet_, presumably because it had a triple -(or a very close) pile or nap; Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 14. _Three-piled -piece_, referring to velvet, i. 2. 33. Metaphorically, _three-piled_ = -exaggerated, L. L. L. v. 2. 407; cp. C. Tourneur, Revenger’s Tragedy, i. -1. From _three_ and _pile_ (4). - -=threne,= a lament. Phoenix and Turtle, 49. Hence, _threning_ (spelt -_threnning_); ‘What needs these threnning words and wasted wind?’, Sir -T. Wyatt, To his Love (Wks., ed. Bell, 198). Gk. θρῆνος, a funeral -lament. - -=thrill,= to pierce. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 32. Hence, _thrillant_, -piercing. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 46. ME. _thirte_, to pierce (Chaucer, C. -T. A. 2709). OE. _þyrlian_. See =thrull.= - -=thrill,= to hurl a weapon. Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (Virginius); Heywood, -Iron Age, Part I, 1632, sig. F (Dyce); Quarles, Sion’s Elegies, ii. 4. - -=thring,= to press forward. Mirror for Mag., Caracalla, st. 1. Still in -use in the north country (EDD.). ME. _thringe_, to press, to force one’s -way (Chaucer). OE. _þringan_, to press. - -=thrist,= thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 17. _Thristy_, thirsty, id., i. -5. 15. In prov. use in the north country, also in Heref. and Shropshire -(EDD.). ME. _thrist_, thirst; _thriste_, to thirst (Wars Alex. 4683, -3848). - -=throat-brisk,= (?) part of the brisket near the throat; spelt -_throte-briske_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, iii. 620. Cp. -_throat-sweetbread_ (also _neck-sweetbread_), butcher’s name for the -thymus gland, see NED. (s.v. Throat, 8 d). - -=throng,= pressed closely together; ‘Hidden in straw throng’ (i.e. in -straw pressed closely together), B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 5 (The -fourth Motion). OE. _þrungen_, pp. of _þringan_, to press. See =thring.= - -=throw,= a short space, a little while. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53. ME. -_throw_, a little while (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 2336). OE. -_þrāge_, ‘for a time’, _þrāh_, a space of time, a course, running. See -M. and S. (s.v. Throwe). - -=throwster,= a twister of silk thread for a weaver. Middleton, World -Tost at Tennis (Scholar). In the north country ‘to throw’ is in common -use in the sense of to twist, see EDD. (s.v. Throw, 16). OE. _þrāwan_, -to twist. - -=thrull,= to pierce. Morte Arthur, leaf 172. 28; bk. ix, c. 4. See -=thrill.= - -=thrum,= a weaving term: the waste end of a warp; _thrumm’d_, furnished -with tufts, Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 319; untidily thatched, Middleton, -Mich. Term, i. 2. 6; _thrum-chinned_, with rough untidy chin, id., A -Trick to Catch, iv. 3. 7; ‘(A) plaine livery-three-pound-thrum’, B. -Jonson, Alchem. i. 1. 16 (applied jocularly to a person). ME. _thrumm_ -of a clothe, ‘filamen’ (Prompt.). Cp. Norw. dial. _trumm_, edge, brim -(Aasen); Du. ‘_drom_, a thrum’ (Sewel); G. _trumm_. - -=thrum,= to beat, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (George). An old -Suffolk word (EDD.). - -=thrust,= thirst; to thirst. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 29; iii. 7. 50. OE. -_þurst_, thirst. See =thrist.= - -=tial,= a bond, tie, obligation; ‘Nor to contract with such (a woman) -can be a Tial’, Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, ii. 1 (Mirabel). A Scotch -word (EDD.). See =tyall.= - -=Tib-of-the-buttery,= a goose (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 -(Higgen). ‘Tib’ is a pet form of the Christian name Isabel; Tibbie was -once a favourite name with the peasants of the Lowlands. See NED. - -=ticket, on the,= on tick, like one who incurs an acknowledged debt. -Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1. 17. - -=tickle,= not to be depended upon; uncertain, unreliable, changeable. -Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 5; vii. 8. 1; in unstable equilibrium, easily -upset, easily set in motion; in phr. _tickle of the sear_ (_sere_), -easily made to go off (the ‘sear’ being a portion of a gun-lock), used -_fig._ in Hamlet for yielding easily to any impulse (ii. 2. 327). ME. -_tikel_, unstable, uncertain (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3428). - -=tickle-footed,= uncertain, inconstant, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, -v. 4 (Elder Loveless). - -=ticklish,= easily disturbed, Chapman, Widow’s Tears, ii. 2 (Arsace). - -=tick-tack,= a complicated kind of backgammon, played both with men and -pegs; for rules, see the Compleat Gamester. Meas. for M. i. 2. 196; B. -Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iii. 3 (Kiteley). Du. _tiktak_. tick-tack; -‘_tiktakbörd_, tick-tack-tables, backgammon tables’ (Sewel); cp. G. -_tricktrack_, backgammon. - -=tiddle,= to pet, to spoil; said of parents and children; ‘My parents -did tiddle me’, Nice Wanton, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 173. Hence -_tidlings_, pets, spoilt children, id., 164. In prov. use in Berks., -meaning to tend carefully; to bring up a young animal by hand (EDD.). - -=tie-dog,= a bandog; a fierce dog who has to be tied up. Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. See Nares. - -=tiego,= a dizziness in the head. Massinger, A Very Woman, iv. 3 -(Borachia). The expression is put into the mouth of an ignorant woman; -it seems to represent _’tigo_, short for Lat. _vertigo_. - -=tiffany,= a kind of thin transparent silk; also a gauze muslin. -Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, i. 1 (Marine); Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 1 -(Treedle). Apparently the same word as _Tiffany_, a name for the -festival of the Epiphany. OF. _Tiphanie_ (Godefroy), Eccles. L. -_Theophania_, Eccles. Gk. Θεοφάνεια, the Manifestation of God. See -Ducange (s.v. Theophania). - -=tight, tite.= Of a ship: water-tight; ‘Twelve tite Gallies’, Tam. -Shrew, ii. 1. 381; competent, capable; vigorous, stout, Ant. and Cl. iv. -4. 16; neat, trim, carefully dressed, ‘But you look so bright, And are -dress’d so tight’, Farquhar, Beaux Strat. i. 1. In prov. use in various -senses in all parts of the English-speaking world: e.g. in good health, -sound, vigorous (E. Anglia); neat, trim (Scotland); see EDD. See =tith.= - -=tight,= _pt. t._, tied, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 34. - -=tiller,= in archery, the wooden beam which is grooved for reception of -the arrow, or drilled for the bolt; ‘The beanie or tiller (of a -balista)’, Holland, Amm. Marcell. 221 (NED.); ‘_Arbrier_, the tillar of -a crosse-bow’, Cotgrave; a stock or shaft fixed to a long-bow to admit -of its being used as a cross-bow, for greater precision of aim, Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 (Galatea); a bow fitted with a tiller, id., -Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless); _tiller-bow_, a cross-bow, see -Roberts, English Bowman (ed. 1801, p. 261), quoted by Croft (Sir T. -Elyot, Governour, i. 297); _tillering_, the putting of a bow upon a -tiller, Ascham, Toxophilus, 114. OF. _telier_ (_tellier_), the wooden -beam of a cross-bow, orig. a weaver’s beam (Godefroy), Mod. L. -_telarium_ (Ducange), L. _tela_, a web. - -=tilly-vally,= an exclamation of contempt at what has been said, like -our ‘nonsense!’ Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 83; _Tilly-fally_, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. -90. _Tille valle, Tille vallee!_, an exclamation used by Mrs. Alice -More, not liking her husband’s question, ‘Is not this house (in the -Tower) as nighe heaven as myne owne (at Chelsea)?’, see Life of Sir T. -More, by W. Roper (More’s Utopia, ed. Lumby, p. xlv). - -=tim,= a poor wretch; a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 -(Kastril). - -=timonist,= misanthrope. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, v. 2 -(Astorius). Alluding to Timon of Athens. - -=tinct,= to tinge, colour. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle); -_tinct_, pp. dyed, tinged, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 107. L. _tinctus_, -dyed. - -=tincture,= a colouring matter, Dryden, Juvenal, Ded. 36; hue, colour, -‘The tincture of a skin’, Addison, Cato, i. 4; a spiritual principle or -immaterial substance whose character or quality may be infused into -material things, which are then said to be tinctured, ‘Nothing can be so -mean, Which with his tincture (“for thy sake”) will not grow bright and -clean’, Herbert, The Elixir. - -=tind,= to kindle; ‘As one candle tindeth a thousand’, Sanderson-Serm. -(ed. 1689, p. 56) (NED.); _tind_, pt. t. ‘Stryful Atin in their stub, -borne mind Coles of contention and whot vengeance tind’, Spenser, F. Q. -ii. 8. 11. In Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 410, we find _tinne_ (to -kindle). ‘Tind’ is in gen. prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). -Wyclif has _tend_: ‘No man tendeth a lanterne’ (Luke xi. 33). See NED. -for an account of the earlier form-history of the word. See =teend.= - -=tine,= to kindle, inflame; ‘As late the clouds . . . Tine the slant -lightning’, Milton, P. L. x. 1075; ‘The priest . . . was seen to tine -The cloven wood’, Dryden, Iliad, i. 635. A form of _tind_ (to kindle), -in prov. use in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Tind). - -=tine,= to perish, to be lost. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 36. In prov. use -in Scotland in this sense, and also, meaning ‘to lose’; see EDD. (s.v. -Tine, vb.^{1}). The original sense of the word was ‘to lose’. ME. -_tine_, to lose (Hampole, Psalter, lxi. 10); Icel. _tȳna_, to lose, to -destroy, put to death. - -=tine,= affliction, sorrow. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 15; Tears of the Muses, -3; Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 3 (Cloe); to feel pain, F. Q. ii. -11. 21. OE. _tȳnan_, to give pain, to vex. See =teen.= - -=tintamar, tintimar,= a confused noise, hubbub. Spelt _tintamar_, -Howell, Famil. Letters, vol. i, sect. i. 19, § 2; _tintimar_, Vanbrugh, -The Confederacy, v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet). F. _tintamarre_, ‘A clashing or -crashing, a rustling or gingling noise made in the fall of wooden stuff, -or vessels of metal; also a black Santus’ (Cotgr.). See =sanctus.= - -=tinternall,= the name of an old tune or burden for a song. Gascoigne, -ed. Hazlitt, i. 430. Cp. F. _tinton_, the burden of a song; from -_tinter_, to ring. - -=tip for tap,= tit for tat; one hit in requital for another. Gascoigne, -ed. Hazlitt, i. 463. See NED. (s.v. Tip, sb.^{2}). - -=tipe over,= to tilt over, overthrow; ‘I type over, I overthrow, _je -renverse_’, Palsgrave; ‘She tiped the table over and over’, Udall, tr. -of Apoph., Socrates, § 83. In prov. use in north of England, Shropshire, -and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _type_, to tilt over, knock down, see NED. -(s.v. Tip, vb.^{2}). - -=tiphon,= a ‘typhoon’, whirlwind; ‘A mental tiphon’, Shirley, Example, -ii. 1 (Vainman). Gk. τυφῶν = τυφώς, a furious whirlwind (Sophocles). - -=tippet:= in phr. _to turn one’s tippet_, to change one’s course or -behaviour completely; to act the turncoat. B. Jonson, Case is Altered, -iii. 3 (Aurelia); also, _to change one’s tippet_, Merry Devil of -Edmonton, iii. 2. 139; ‘He changed his typpette, and played the -Apostata’, Foxe, Book of Martyrs, 1049. 2 (NED.). - -=tipstaff,= a staff with a tip or cap of metal, carried as a badge by -certain officials. Mercury’s caduceus is called a ‘snaky tipstaff’, B. -Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); an official carrying a tipped -staff, a sheriff’s officer, an officer appointed to wait upon a court in -session; ‘Then their Lordships . . . commissioned Atterbury the Tipstaff -to fetch a smith to force them open’, Magd. Coll. and Jas. II. p. 148 -(Oxf. Hist. Soc). - -=tire,= a ‘tier’, row, rank. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 35; Milton, P. L. vi. -605; Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (near the end); Dryden, Hind. and P. -iii. 317. OF. _tire_, row, rank (Godefroy); ‘_tire à tire_, l’un après -l’autre’ (Didot); O. Prov. _tiera_, _teira_, ‘suite, série’ (Levy). - -=tire,= to ‘attire’, L. L. L. iv. 2. 131. Hence _tire-men_, dressers -belonging to the theatre, Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii. 1 -(Fitsgrave). _Tire_, a head-dress, Two Gent. iv. 4. 190; spelt _tier_, -London Prodigal, iv. 3. 32; _tire-valiant_, a fanciful head-dress, Merry -Wives, iii. 3. 60. - -=tire,= to prey or feed ravenously upon. 3 Hen. VI, i. 1. 269; Venus and -Ad. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, ii. 7; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, iii. -2 (Leocadia). ‘_Tiring_ (in Falconry) is a giving the Hawk a Leg or -Pinion of a Pullet or Pigeon to pluck at’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. ME. -_tyren_, to tear, rend (Chaucer, Boethius, iii. 12. 49). F. _tirer_, to -draw, pull, tug; see NED. (s.v. Tire, vb.^{2} 2). - -=tirik,= a mechanical device explaining astronomical phenomena, a -‘theorick’; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, Skelton, -Speke Parrot, 139; Garl. of Laurell, 1518. See NED. (s.v. Theoric, sb. -3). - -=tirliry-pufkin,= a light and flighty woman. Ford, Lady’s Trial, iii. 1. - -=tit,= a small creature, young thing; _a tit of tenpence_, a girl worth -tenpence; a depreciatory epithet. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 2 -(Petruchio). - -=tite:= phr. _swithe and tite_, quickly and at once, Gammer Gurton’s -Needle, i. 4. 13. Very common in the phr. _as tite_, as soon, as lief, -in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Tite, adv.^{2}). ME. _tite_, -quickly; _as tyte as_, as soon as (Wars Alex. 219, 693). Icel. _tītt_, -at once with all speed; see Icel. Dict. (s.v. Tīðr). - -=tith,= a variant of =tight= (q.v.). Of a ship: water-tight, Fletcher, -Woman’s Prize, iii. 5; sound in body, ‘A good stanch wench, that’s -tith’, id., Mons. Thomas, ii. 3 (Thomas). The compar. _tither_ occurs in -The Mad Lover, iii. 3 (Chilax) in a nautical allusion. _Tithly_, -vigorously, Island Princess, i. 1. 20; closely, Women Pleased, iv. 3 -(Penurio). - -=tithe,= to decimate. Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, ii. 1 (Penius). - -=titillation,= a means of titillating, producing a pleasant sensation, -used of a perfume. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Face). - -=titivil= (=tytyvyllus=), a term of reprobation, a knave, villain, and -esp. a mischievous tale-bearer, Hall, Henry VI (ed. 1542, f. 43); -Skelton, Garl. Laurell, 642; Colyn Cloute, 418; ‘_Coquette_, a pratling -or proud gossip . . . a titifill, a flebergebit’, Cotgrave; _titifil_, -Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, 24). Originally, the name of a devil -said to collect fragments of words dropped, skipped, or mumbled in the -recitation of the daily offices, and to carry them to hell to be -registered against the offender; the name occurs in the mystery plays. -Myrrour of our Ladye, i. 20. 54. See note to P. Plowman, C. xiv. 123. -See NED. for a full and interesting account of this curious creation of -monastic wit. - -=titivilitium,= an exclamation of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. -1 (Otter). L. _titivillitium_, a small trifle (used once by Plautus). - -=to,= in comparison with. Temp. i. 2. 480, &c. - -=to-,= prefix, in twain, asunder, in pieces. The following examples -occur in Caxton’s Hist. of Troye: _to-breke_ (pt. t. _to-brake_), to -break in pieces; _to-breste_, to burst asunder; _to-bruse_, to bruise in -pieces; _to-drawe_, to draw asunder; _to-frusshe_, to break in pieces; -_to-hewe_, to hew in pieces; _to-rente_, to rend in pieces. Malory’s -Morte Arthur has _to-cratche_, to tear to pieces; _to-ryue_, to rive -asunder; _to-sheuer_, to reduce to shivers. See NED. (s.v. To-, -pref.^{2}). - -=toadstone,= a stone fabled to be found in a toad’s head, which could -cure pain instantly. See As You Like It, ii. 1. 13; Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, v. 1 (Livia); Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas). - -=toase,= to pluck, to pull, draw. Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 760; ‘It is a -great craft to tose wolle wel’, Palsgrave. ME. _tosyn_ or tose wul or -odyre lyk, ‘carpo’ (Prompt. EETS. 501). See =tooze.= - -=toater;= see =toter.= - -=to-boil,= to boil thoroughly, boil down. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 5 -(Ferdinand). - -=to-break,= to break in pieces; ‘So inward force my heart doth all -to-break’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover compareth (ed. Bell, p. 200); -_to-brake_, pt. t., ‘And all to brake his scull’, BIBLE, Judges ix. 53. -See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tobreken). OE. _tobrecan_, pt. t. _tobræc_. - -=tod,= a fox. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); Pan’s Anniversary, -Hymn iv, l. 12. A north-country word; Jamieson says, ‘the fox is -vulgarly known by no other name throughout Scotland’, see EDD. (s.v. -Tod, sb.^{2}). - -=tod,= a bushy mass (esp. of ivy). Spenser, Sheph. Kal., March, 67; -Beaumont and Fl., Bonduca, i. 1 (Caratach); id., Rule a Wife, iv. 3 -(Juan). In E. Anglia the word is in use for the head of a pollard tree, -see EDD. (s.v. Tod, sb.^{5} 1). - -=to-dash,= to dash in pieces. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. -18. - -=todder,= slime; the spawn of frogs or toads; ‘Where in their todder -loathly paddocks breed’, Drayton, Moses, bk. ii, 116. In prov. use in -Leic. for the spawn of frogs or toads, see EDD. (s.v. Tother, sb. 3). - -†=toderer,= a man of loose life. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole). - -†=tods;= ‘I wear out my naked legs and my foots and my teds’, Dekker, O. -Fortunatus. iv. 2 (Andelocia). A misreading for ‘toes’. - -=tofore,= formerly. Titus And. iii. 1; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 7. ME. -_toforn_, beforehand (Chaucer); _tofore_, prep. before (P. Plowman, B. -v. 457). - -=to-frusshed,= _pp._ broken to pieces, crushed, battered. ‘All -to-frusshed’, Warner, Alb. England, bk. ii, ch. 12, st. 33. See =frush.= - -=toft,= taut, tightly drawn, Peele, Tale of Troy, ed. Dyce, p. 554. See -NED. (s.v. Taut, adj. 2). See EDD. (s.v. Taut). ME. _toght_, tightly -drawn (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2267). - -=token,= a small coin, struck by private individuals to pass for a -farthing. _Tavern-token_, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime); ‘Not worth a -tavern-token’, Massinger, New Way to Pay, i. 1 (Tapwell). - -=tole,= to entice, draw on. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons, iv. 2 -(near the end); _tole on_, Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, i. 1 -(Clorin). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Toll, -vb.^{2} 1). ME. _tollen_, to attract, entice (Chaucer, Boethius, ii. 7. -15). - -=toledo,= a Toledo sword. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo); near the end; -Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 4 (Bobadilla). - -=ton,= a tunny-fish. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). F. -_thon_, a tunny-fish (Cotgr.); L. _thunnus_; Gk. θύννος. - -=tone:= _the tone_, for _thet one_, i.e. that one, the one. Golding, tr. -of Ovid, Preface, 96; cp. _the tother_, for _thet other_, that other, -the other (in the same line). Just below, l. 105, we find _tone part_, -for _the tone part_, i.e. the one part. See Nares. - -=tonnell;= see =tunnel.= - -=tony,= a simpleton. In Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio), we -find _Tony_ used as an abbreviation of Antony, and at the same time -signifying a simpleton; ‘Be pointed at for a tony’, Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, iii (Freeman); _tonies_, pl. Dryden, All for Love, Prol., 15. - -=toot;= see =tote.= - -=toothful,= toothsome, delicious. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, v. 1 -(Theoph.). - -=too-too,= extremely, very. Hamlet, i. 2. 129; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. -15 (Common); _toto muche_, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 42. - -=tooze,= to tease wool; ‘Toozing wooll’, Golding, Metam. xiv. 265; fol. -170 (1603); ‘I toose wolle or cotton or suche lyke, _Je force de la -laine_, and _je charpis de la laine_’, Palsgrave. See =toase.= - -=top-ayle,= highest spike or beard of an ear of corn. Chapman, tr. of -Iliad, xx. 211. ‘Ails’ (‘iles’) is in prov. use in the south of England -for the beards or awns of barley or any other bearded grain, see EDD. -(s.v. Ail, sb.^{2}). OE. _egl_, ‘festuca’ (Luke vi. 41). - -=tope,= I pledge you; lit. touch (or strike) my glass with yours. -Shirley, Honoria, v. 1 (2 Soldier). See Dict. (s.v. Toper). - -=topsiturne,= to upset, turn upside down; ‘This object . . . Which -topsiturnes my braine’, Heywood, Iron Age (Ajax), vol. iii, p. 341; ‘All -things are topside-turn’d’, id., Dialogue 9, in vol. vi, p. 214. - -=tormentour,= a torturer, one deputed to torture and punish offenders, -an executioner. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 49; BIBLE, Matt. -xviii. 34. ME. _tormentour_, executioner (Chaucer, C. T. G. 527). - -=tortious,= injurious, wrongful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 18. See Dict. -(s.v. Tort). - -=torved,= stern. Webster, Appius and Virginia, v. 3 (Virginius). For -_torvid_, Med. L. _torvidus_ (Ducange). - -†=toss, tosses,= _pl._ (?). Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria). - -=tote,= to look, gaze; ‘How often dyd I tote Upon her prety fote’, -Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 1146; spelt _toote_, Speke Parrot, 12; _toot_, -Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 2 (Oenone). In prov. use in north of -England down to Warw. in the sense of to peep and pry about, see EDD. -(s.v. Toot, vb.^{2}). ME. _toten_ (P. Plowman, B. xv. 22), OE. _tōtian_, -to look, gaze. - -=tote,= to project, stick out; ‘Your tail toteth out behind’, The Four -Elements, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 42; ‘A toting huge swelling ruff’, -Howell’s Letters, bk. i, sect. 3, let. 31, § 7. In prov. use in the -north country, also in Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Toot, vb.^{2} 3). - -=toter,= a player upon the horn. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 3 (Pan); -_toater_, Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 1 (end). See EDD. (s.v. Toot, -vb.^{1}). - -=tother:= _the tother_, for _thet other_, the other. See =tone.= - -=toto,= variant of =too-too,= q.v. - -=totters,= tatters, rags. Ford, Sun’s Darling, i. 1 (Folly’s song); -_tottered_, tattered, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 6; Edward II, ii. 3. -21; Richard II, iii. 3. 52. Norw. dial. _totra_, a rag, _totror_, pl. -rags, also _taltra_(_r_) (Aasen). - -=totty,= unsteady, confused in thought. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 39; -Sheph. Kal., Feb., 55. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.). -ME. _toty_: ‘Myn heed is toty of my swink to-night’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. -4253). - -=touch,= a trait or feature; ‘One touch of nature makes the whole world -kin’, Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 175; ‘Evill touches’, Ascham, Scholemaster, -48. _Touch_ = _Touchstone_, Richard III, iv. 2. 8; used also _fig._ with -reference to the trial of gold, 1 Hen. IV, iv. 4. 10. - -=touch,= often used for any costly marble; properly the _basanites_ of -the Greeks, a very hard black granite. It obtained the name _touch_ from -being used as a test for gold. It was often written _tutch_ or _tuch_; -‘He built this house of tutch and alabaster’, Harington, tr. Ariosto, -xliii. 14; ‘With alabaster, tuch and porphyry adorned’, Drayton, Pol. -xvi. 45; ‘Thou art not, Penshurst, built to envious show of touch or -marble’, B. Jonson, Forest, B. ii. 2. See Nares. F. _pierre de touche_, -‘sorte de pierre, ainsi appelée, parce qu’on s’en sert pour éprouver -l’or et l’argent en les y frottant’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). - -=touch-box,= a box containing powder for priming a fire-arm; ‘Fire the -touch-box’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2. 8. See =twitch-box.= - -=tour,= a lady’s head-dress or wig. Etherege, Man of Mode, ii. 1 -(Medley). F. ‘_Un tour de tête_, _un tour_, sorte de petite perruque de -femme’ (Hatzfeld). - -=toure, towre,= to see, to look (Cant). To _towre_, to see, Harman, -Caveat, p. 84; _toure out_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=toward,= in preparation, near at hand. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 81; -Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 68; _towards_, Romeo, i. 5. 124; _towardness_, -docility, Bacon, Essay 19. - -=towker,= a ‘tucker’, a fuller of cloth. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 14, § 4. ME. _towkere_, ‘fullo’ (Voc. 629. 2), _towker_, P. Plowman, -A. Prol. 100. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Tokker). - -=town-top,= Fletcher, Nightwalker, i. 3 (Nurse). See =parish-top.= - -=to-wry,= to hide, conceal; ‘Your sighs you fetch from far, And all -to-wry your woe’, Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover’s Case cannot be hidden, 26 -(ed. Bell, p. 95). ME. _wrye_, to cover (Chaucer, C. T. E. 887), OE. -_wrēon_, to cover; _wrigen_, pp. - -=toy,= a trifle, a trifling ornament. Twelfth Nt. iii. 3. 44; ‘Any toys -for your head’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 4. 326; Bacon, Essay 19; a trifling -matter, something of no value, Othello, i. 3. 270; an idle fancy, whim, -King John, i. 1. 232; Richard III, i. 1. 60; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. -79; Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i (Beaupré). - -=to-year,= this year. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); -_to-yere_, id., Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. In -gen. prov. use in England and Ireland (EDD.). ME. _to-yere_, this year -(Chaucer, C. T. D. 168). - -=trace,= the straps by which a vehicle is drawn, traces. Golding, Metam. -ii. 109; fol. 16, back (1603); ‘Trace, horse harnesse, _trays_’, -Palsgrave. ME. _trayce_, horsys harneys, ‘trahale’ (Prompt.). F. -_traits_, pl. of _trait_, ‘the cord or chain that runs between the -horses’ (Cotgr.). _Traces_ is therefore a double plural. See Dict. - -=trace,= to follow up a track; to traverse, to move forward. Sackville, -Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 27; Morte Arthur, leaf 232. 18, bk. x, -ch. 30; Milton, Comus, 427; _trast_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 37. In -use in Ireland in the sense of tracking an animal, see EDD. (s.v. Trace, -vb.^{1} 1). - -=tract,= to track, follow up, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 3, 17; Greene, Orl. -Fur. i. 1. 101. - -=tract:= phr. _tracte of tyme_, duration of time, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 22, § 3; _to tract the time_, to prolong the time, -Mirror for Mag., Gloucester, st. 25. Hence _tracting_, protraction, -prolongation, ‘In the tractynge of tyme’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, -53). F. ‘_par traict de temps_, in tract of time’ (Cotgr.). - -=trade,= track of footsteps, trodden path. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 39; ‘A -common trade to passe through Priam’s house’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. -593. In north Yorks. the word is in prov. use, meaning a constant -passage backwards and forwards, used of men and animals: ‘A lot of -rabbits here, by the trade they make’, see EDD. (s.v. Trade, 1). - -=traditive,= traditional. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 196. - -=traduction,= transmission. Dryden, On Mrs. A. Killigrew, 23. _Verbal -traduction_, verbal translation, Cowley, Pref. to Pindaric Odes -(beginning). F. _traduction_, a translation, L. _traductio_, a -transferring, transmission. - -=traicte,= to treat. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. -_traicter_, to treat (Cotgr.). - -=train,= to draw on, allure, entice. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 45; _train -on_, 1 Hen. IV, v. 2. 21. Norm. F. _trainer_, ‘attirer, entrainer, -séduire’ (Moisy). - -=trains,= artifices, stratagems. Macbeth, iv. 3. 118; Spenser, F. Q. i. -3. 24; Milton, P. L. xi. 624; Sams. Ag. 533, 932; Comus, 151. ME. -_trayne_, or disseyte, ‘fraus’ (Prompt. EETS. 488). OF. _traine_, -‘trahison’ (Godefroy); cp. F. ‘_traine_, a plot, practice, device’ -(Cotgr.). - -=tralineate,= to deviate, degenerate. Dryden, Wife of Bath, 396. -Suggested by Ital. _tralignare_, to degenerate (Dante). - -=tralucent,= transparent, allowing light to shine through. B. Jonson, -Masque of Hymen, prose description at the end, § 6. The same as -_translucent_, Milton, Comus, 861. L. _tralucere_, _translucere_, to -shine through. - -=tramels,= nets for confining the hair, net-work. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. -15; Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 426 (Remilia); p. 122, col. 2. F. -_tramail_, a net (Cotgr.); Ital. _tramaglio_, a drag-net (Fanfani), Med. -L. _tremaculum_, _tremaclum_ (Ducange). - -=trampler,= a lawyer. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, i. 4 (Witgood). - -=trangame,= a thing of no value (Cant); ‘But go, thou trangame, and -carry back those trangames which thou hast stolen’, Wycherley, Plain -Dealer, iii (Widow). - -=translate,= to transform. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 122; B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. ii. 4 (Brain-worm). - -=translater,= a jocose or slang term for a cobbler who made worn boots -wearable by judicious patching, and mending; ‘Jeffrey the translater’, A -Knack to know a Knave (Cobbler), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 566. For many -examples of the use of this word for a ‘cobbler’, see EDD. (s.v. -Translate, 1). - -=transmew,= to transmute, change. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 35; ii. 3. 37. -ME. _transmuwen_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 467). F. _transmuër_, to -change (Cotgr.). L. _transmutare_. See EDD. - -=transmogrify,= to transform. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iii. 1 -(Belfond Senior). A playful variant of _transmodify_, by association -with the termination -(_mo_)_graphy_. In gen. prov. and colloquial use -in all English-speaking countries (EDD.). - -=transversaries,= the cross-pieces of a cross-staff, which was an old -instrument for taking altitudes and measuring angles. Dekker, Wh. of -Babylon (1 King); Works, ii. 233. - -=trash,= (hunting term), to check (a dog) that is too fast by attaching -a weight to its neck; ‘This poor trash of Venice, whom I trash For his -quick hunting’, Othello, ii. 1. 132; ‘Who t’advance, and who To trash -for over-topping’, Tempest, i. 2. 81; Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 1 Caratach). -See Nares. In Cumberland the word _trash_ means a cord used in checking -dogs, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, sb.^{3} 1). - -=trash,= to tramp after, to pace along. Puritan Widow, iv. 1. 37. In -prov. use in Lakeland, see EDD. (s.v. Trash, vb.^{1} 1). - -=trattle,= to prattle, tattle. Bale, Kynge Johan (Camd. Soc.), p. 73; -Skelton, Against the Scottes, 2. Hence, _trattler_, a prattler, ‘A -tratler is worse than a thief’, Ray, Proverbs (ed. 1678, 357). A Scotch -word, see EDD. (s.v. Trattle, vb.). - -=travant,= a halberdier in attendance on the Emperor in Germany. -Chapman, Alphonsus, iii (Alph.). G. _Trabant_, a satellite, halberdier: -cp. Norw. _drabant_, one of the body-guard of Solomon (1 Kings ix. 22), -Magyar _darabant_. See Kluge’s Etym. Germ. Dict., and NED. (s.v. -Drabant). - -=travers=(=e,= a movable screen, a sliding door. Marston’s Masque at -Ashby Castle, MS. (Nares); Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. -45; spelt _traves_, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 58. ME. _travers_: ‘We -will that our said son be in his chamber . . . the travers drawn anon -upon eight of the clock’ (Letters and Ordinances, 1473, in Nares); so in -Chaucer: ‘Men drinken and the travers drawe anon’ (C. T. E. 1817); also -_travas_, ‘transversum’ (Prompt. EETS. 489, see note, no. 2387). The -word exists in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Traverse, 2). - -=traverse,= to examine thoroughly. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 3 -(Tarquin). - -=tray-trace, trey-trace,= perhaps (like _tray-trip_) the name of a game -at dice. Trey-trip and _trey-trace_, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, iv. 118. - -=tray-trip,= an old game at dice, in which _tray_ (three) was a -successful throw. Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 207; B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 -(Subtle); spelt _tra-trip_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1 -(Roger); _tre-trip_, Mayne, City Match, ii. 4 (Aurelia); ‘Lett’s goe to -dice a while, To passage, trei-trippe, hazard, or mum-chance’, -Machivell’s Dogge, 1617, 4to, sign. B; see Nares. See =trey.= - -=treachetour,= a traitor, deceiver. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 7. A -contaminated form; due to ME. _trechour_ (a traitor) and ME. _tregetour_ -(a juggler). The latter word is found in Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 1277, -and C. T. F. 1143, see also _tregetowre_, ‘mimus, pantomimus, -prestigiator, joculator’ (Prompt. EETS. 489). Anglo-F. _tregettour_, -juggler (Bozon), deriv. of OF. _tresgeter_, Med. L. _transjectare_, to -throw across, to juggle. - -=treachour,= a traitor, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 32; ii. 1. 12; ii. 4. 27; -_treacher_, King Lear, i. 2. 133; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iii. -1 (Otto); Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. 1 (Byron). ME. _trechour_ -(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 197). OF. _trecheör_ (Bartsch), Romanic type -_trecatórem_, cp. Med. L. _tricator_, ‘deceptor’ (Ducange). - -=treague,= a truce. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 33. Ital. and Span. _tregua_, -Mod. L. _tregua_, see Ducange (s.v. Treva); of Germ. origin, cp. OHG. -_triuwa_, truth, a solemn promise (Schade). - -=treason,= a surrender. North, tr. Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 17 (in Shaks. -Plut. p. 31). OF. _traïson_, Med. L. _traditio_, ‘cessio, concessio’ -(Ducange). - -=treen,= pl. of _tree_. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 1. -ME. _treon_, trees (Laȝamon, 1835, 25978). - -=treen,= wooden, made of wood. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 39; i. 7. 26; -Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, ii (near end); ‘Treene dishes be homely’, -Tusser, Husbandry, 175. In prov. use: _treen-plates_, wooden trenchers, -in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _treen_, wooden (Prompt. EETS. 495). - -=trench,= to cut. Two Gent. iii. 2. 7; Macb. iii. 4. 27. F. ‘_trencher_, -to cut, carve, slice, hew’ (Cotgr.). - -=trenchand,= cutting, sharp. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 17. For _trenchant_; -from F. _trencher_, to cut. - -=trenchmore,= a lively and boisterous country-dance. Beaumont and Fl., -Pilgrim, iv. 3 (Master); Island Princess, v. 3 (2 Townsman); London -Prodigal, i. 2. 38; Selden’s Table Talk (s.v. King of England). See -Nares. - -=trendle,= a wheel, a hoop. Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 72; ‘A -cracknel or cake made like a Trendell’, Nomenclator (Nares). In prov. -use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 1, 2). ME. _trendyl_, ‘troclea’ (Prompt. -490). OE. _trendel_, a wheel (Sweet), see =trindill.= - -=trendle,= to roll; ‘Like a trendlyng ball’, Gascoigne, Fruites of -Warre, st. 44 (Works, i. 158). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Trindle, 8). -See =trindill.= - -=trepidation,= a swaying motion: the libration of the earth. Milton, P. -L. iii. 483. - -=trest;= see =trist.= - -=tretably,= properly, correctly. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2 -(Pedant). OF. _traitable_, tractable. - -=trey, tray,= three; at cards or dice. L. L. L. v. 2. 232. Anglo-F. -_treis_, L. _tres_, three. - -=treygobet,= the name of a game at dice. Lit. ‘three (and) go better’. -The Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 34. - -=trick=(=e,= neat, tidy, elegant. Tusser, Husbandry, § 15. 35; Ascham, -Toxophilus, 6 (Nares); Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 73; neatly, -skilfully, Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Faunus). - -=tricker,= a trigger. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 528; Farquhar, Recruiting -Officer, i. 1. Du. _trekker_, a trigger, a puller; _trekken_, to draw, -pull. See Dict. - -=trickment,= heraldic emblazonry; ‘Here’s a new tomb, new trickments -too’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, iv. 2 (Norandine); ‘No tomb shall -hold thee But these two arms, no trickments but my tears’, Mad Lover, v. -4 (Calis). - -=tricotee,= a kind of dance; ‘A monkey dancing his tricotee’, Lady -Alimony, i. 2 (Trillo). OF. _tricotee_, an involuntary dance by one -compelled by blows (Godefroy); cp. _tricote_, a cudgel; _Tricot_, ‘bâton -gros et court. Il n’est d’usage que dans le discours familier: _Il lui -donna du tricot_’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762). Of Germ. origin, see Schado -(s.v. Stric). See Nares. - -=trig,= a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4 (Kastril). - -=trigon.= The zodiacal signs were combined in _triplicities_, or four -sets of three; each of these formed a trigon. There are four such: (1) -the _fiery_ trigon, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius; (2) the _earthy_ trigon, -Taurus, Virgo, Capricornus; (3) the _airy_ trigon, Gemini, Libra, -Aquarius; (4) the _watery_ trigon, Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces, according to -the four elements, fire, earth, air, water. ‘The fiery trigon’, 2 Hen. -IV, ii. 4. 288; ‘His musics, his trigon’, B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1 -(Nano); Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 905. Gk. τρίγωνον, a triangle. - -=trill,= to roll as a ball. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 7; -to trickle as a tear, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 78; Sir T. Wyatt, -Comparison of Love to a Stream, 2; to twirl, ‘I tryll a whirlygig rounde -aboute, _Je pirouette_’, Palsgrave. In prov. use in sense of to trundle -a hoop, also, to twirl (EDD.). ME. _tryllyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt. EETS. -502). - -=trillibub,= a trifle, an expression for something trifling. Massinger, -Old Law, iii. 2 (Simonides); Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Fairfield); a -cheap food, like tripe, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous). See -Nares. Cp. the prov. words for entrails, tripe, _trollibobs_, -_trullibubs_, _trollibags_, gen. used in phr. _tripe and trollibobs_ -(EDD., s.v. Trollibobs). See =trullibub.= - -=trim,= neat, elegant, nice, fine; mostly used with irony; ‘The flowers -are sweet, their colours fresh and trim’, Venus and Ad. 1079; ‘Trim -gallants’, L. L. L. v. 2. 363; ‘These trim vanities’, Hen. VIII, i. 3. -37; ornamental dress, Ant. and Cl. iv. 4. 22; ‘Proud-pied April, dressed -in all his trim’, Sonnet 98; phr. _in her trim_, in speaking of ships, -the state of being fully prepared for sailing, ‘Where we in all her trim -freshly beheld our royal ship’, Tempest, v. 236; Com. Errors, iv. 1. 90. - -=trim-tram,= a trifle, a worthless speech or thing. Stanyhurst, tr. of -Aeneid, ii. 114. [‘They thought you as great a nincompoop as your -squire—trim-tram, like master, like man’, Smollett, Sir L. Greaves, -xiii.] A reduplicative term used in Scotland, expressive of ridicule or -contempt (EDDA.). - -=trindill;= ‘That they take away and destroy all shrines, tables, -candlesticks, trindills, or rolls of wax’, King’s Injunctions, ann. -1547, in Fuller’s Church History. - -=trindle-tail.= Fletcher speaks of a cur with ‘a trindle tail’, i.e. a -tail curled round, Love’s Cure, iii. 3. 17; Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 3. -18; spelt _trundle-tail_, a dog with a curled tail, King Lear, iii. 6. -73; _trendle-tail_, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Ursula). See -=trendle.= - -=trine,= a combination of three things (viz. youth, wit, and courage), -Mirror for Mag., Cromwell, st. 26. - -=trine,= an aspect in which one planet was at an angle of 120 degrees -from another. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 292; ‘A trine aspect’, Beaumont and -Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret). Hence, as vb., to conjoin in a -trine, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 389. See =triplicity.= - -=trine,= to be hanged (Cant). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); -Harman, Caveat, p. 31; _trine me_, hang me, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. -1 (Trapdoor). - -=trinket= (=trinquet=)=,= the highest sail of a ship. Hakluyt, Voyages, -iii. 411; ‘_Trinquet_ is properly the top or top-gallant on any mast, -the highest sail of a ship’, Blount, Gloss. (ed. 1674). F. _trinquet_ -(Cotgr.), Span. and Port. _trinquete_, deriv. of _trinca_, a rope for -lashing fast; of Germ. origin, cp. G. _strick_; see Reinhardstöttner, -Portuguese Gram. (1878), § 31, and Schade (s.v. Strickan). - -=trinket,= a porringer; esp. one made with a handle, like a teacup, as -it is to be hung upon a pin. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 3. - -=trinket= (=trenket=)=,= a shoemaker’s knife; ‘Trenket, an instrument -for a cordwayner, _batton a torner_ (_soulies_)’, Palsgrave [also spelt -_trynket_]. ME. _trenket_ (Voc. 562. 3); _trenkett_, ‘ansorium’ (Cath. -Angl.); _trenkette_ (Prompt. 490, see note, no. 2395). Cp. F. -_tranchet_: ‘A shoomakers round cutting knife: _tranchet de -cordouanier_’ (Sherwood). - -=triplicity,= a combination of three zodiacal signs in the form of an -equilateral triangle; ‘And how the signs in their _triplicities_, By -sympathizing in their trine consents’, &c., Drayton, Man in the Moon, -458. See =trigon.= - -=trist, trest,= the station where a hunter was placed to watch the game. -_At the trest_, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 14; bk. xviii, c. 21; _at -the tryst_, Master of Game, ch. 16 (end). ME. _triste_, an appointed -station in hunting (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1534), _tryster_ (Gawain), -_tristre_ (Anc. R.). OF. _triste_, _tristre_ (Godefroy). See Dict. (s.v. -Tryst). - -=trisulke,= three-forked, triple. Heywood, Golden Age, A. iii (Saturn); -vol. iii, p. 43; Brazen Age (Hercules), p. 250; a trident, three-forked -spear, Heywood, Dialogue 4 (Timon); vol. vi, p. 160. L. _trisulcus_, -three-forked (Virgil). - -=troad, trode,= track of footsteps, beaten path. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. -5; Shep. Kal., July, 14; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, ii. 325. ‘Trod’, -meaning a beaten track, a foot-path, is a north-country word down to -Lincoln (EDD.). - -=troll, troul, trowl,= to roll; ‘To troll the tongue’, Milton, P. L. xi. -620; to circulate or pass round, as a vessel of liquor at a carouse, -‘Troul the bowl’, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, ii. 5 -(Merrythought); Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Song); to sing a tune -in succession, ‘Troll the catch’, Tempest, iii. 2. 126; Beaumont and -Fl., Philaster, v. 3 (Dion). In prov. use in various parts of England in -the sense of to roll, to circulate, see EDD. (s.v. Troll, vb.^{1}). ME. -_trollyn_, ‘volvo’ (Prompt.). - -=troll-my-dames,= the name of a game; ‘A fellow, sir, that I have known -to go about with troll-my-dames’, Wint. Tale, iv. 3. 92 (Autolycus). -Also called _pigeon-holes_; also _nine-holes_ (described by Strutt). The -game was played with a board, at one end of which were a number of -arches, like pigeon-holes, into which small balls were to be bowled; see -Nares. The word _troll-my-dames_ is a corruption of the French name for -the game _Trou-Madame_; see Cotgrave. - -=tromp,= to deceive. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). F. _tromper_. Cp. -EDD. (s.v. Trump, vb.^{3}). - -=trossers,= tight drawers. Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 3 (Maria); -Hen. V, iii. 7. 57 (so most modern edds.). See =strossers.= - -=trot,= an old woman. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 80; used of a man, Meas. for M. -iii. 2. 54; Gammer Gurton, ii. 8; Warner, Albion, ii. p. 47 (Nares). In -prov. use (EDD.). Anglo-F. _trote_: ‘la viele trote’ (Gower, Mirour, -17900). - -=trouchman;= see =truchman.= - -=troul, trowl;= see =troll.= - -=trow,= to think, believe, suppose; ‘I trow not’, BIBLE, Luke xvii. 9; 2 -Hen. VI, ii. 4. 38; v. 1. 85. _I trow_, added to questions expressive of -contemptuous or indignant surprise; ‘Who’s there, I trow?’, Merry Wives, -i. 4. 140; ii. 1. 64; also _trow_ alone; ‘What is the matter, trow?’, -Cymbeline, i. 6. 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). ME. -_trowen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 691), OE. _trūwian_, to believe confidently, -to trust in a person or thing (Sweet). - -=trowses,= close-fitting drawers; ‘Four wild Irish in trowses’, Ford, -Perkin Warbeck, iii. 1 (Stage-direction); B. Jonson, Staple of News, i. -1 (Pennyboy Junior); hence, _trowzed_, clad in ‘trowses’, ‘Poor trowz’d -Irish’, Drayton, Pol. xxii. 1577. F. _trousses_, the breeches of a page -(Littré); cp. O. Irish _truibhas_, close-fitting breeches and stockings -(O’Curry, Introd., p. 384); Irish _triubhas_ (Dinneen). See Dict. (s.v. -Trousers). - -=Troy-novant,= or =New Troy,= London. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 46; Peele, -Descensus Astraeae, l. 18 from end; id., A Farewell, &c., l. 4; -‘Geoffrey of Monmouth . . . reporteth that Brute lineally descended from -the demi-god Aeneas . . . about the year of the world 2855, and 1108 -before the nativity of Christ, built this city (London) near unto the -river now called Thames, and named it Troynovant or Trenovant’, Stow’s -Survey (ed. Thoms, 1). London was the capital of the British tribe, the -_Trinobantes_, one of its ancient names being _Augusta Trinobantum_, -whence the Anglo-F. _Troynovant_; but by popular etymology _Troynovant_ -was connected with the _Troia nova_ (new Troy) of Geoffrey of Monmouth -and Nennius. - -=truage,= tribute. Morte Arthur, leaf 35, back, 4; bk. i, c. 23. ME. -_truage_ (Rob. Glouc.). OF. _truage_, _treuaige_, _treutage_, ‘vectigal, -tributum’, deriv. of _true_, _treü_, _trehu_, ‘tributum’, see Ducange -(s.v. Truagium). OF. _treü_ is the same word as L. _tributum_; cp. O. -Prov. _traüt_, _trabut_, ‘tribut’ (Levy). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. -Trewage). - -=truchman,= an interpreter. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites); -tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry, III (= L. _interpete_); Holland. Pliny, -Nat. Hist., bk. vii, ch. 24; Hakluyt, Voyages, ii. 152; Stanyhurst, tr. -of Aeneid (ed. Arber, 82); _trucheman_, Puttenham, Eng. Poes. (ed. -Arber, 278); _trouchman_, Three Lords and Three Ladies; in Hazlitt’s -Dodsley, vi. 463. See Nares. F. _trucheman_ (Cotgr.), O. Prov. -_trocheman_, Span. _trujaman_ (Stevens), Arab. _tarjumân_ (Dozy, 351). -See Stanford (s.v. Dragoman). - -=truckle-bed,= a bed which could be wheeled under a larger one, Hall, -Satires, ii, sat. 6; ‘_troccle-bed_’, Statutes Trinity Coll., Oxford -(ann. 1556). An Oxford University word. L. _trochlea_, wheel of a -pulley. Gk. τροχιλία, a pulley. See Dict. - -=true,= honest. BIBLE, Gen. xlii. 11; Much Ado, iii. 3. 54; L. L. L. iv. -3. 187; ‘The thieves have bound the true men’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 98; -‘Rich preys make true men thieves’, Venus and Ad. 724. See Wright’s -Bible Word-Book. - -=true-penny,= honest fellow; used familiarly. Hamlet, i. 5. 150; -Fletcher, Loyal Subject, i. 3 (Putskie). - -=trug,= a trull, concubine. Arden of Fev. i. 500; Middleton, Your Five -Gallants, i. 1 (Primero). See Nares. - -=trullibub,= a slut. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Eyre). See -=trillibub.= - -=trump,= a game at cards, similar to our whist. Fletcher, Lover’s -Progress, iii. 2 (Lancelot); Peele, Old Wives’ Tale (Clunch). - -=truncheon,= the lower part of the shaft of a broken lance. Dryden, -Palamon, iii. 612; ‘Truncheons of shivered lances’, id., tr. of Aeneid, -xi. 16. ME. _tronchoun_, broken shaft of a spear (Chaucer, C. T. A. -2615); Anglo-F. _trunçun_: ‘Sa hanste est fraite, n’en ad que un -trunçun’ (Ch. Rol. 1352). - -=trundle-bed,= a low bed for a servant that ran on castors, drawn out at -night from beneath a higher bed; a synonym of =truckle-bed.= Shirley, -Witty Fair One, iii. 1 (Brains). In prov. use (EDD.). - -=trundle-tail;= see =trindle-tail.= - -=trundling-cheat,= in cant language, a cart. B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1 -(Pierce). See =cheat= (2). - -=trunk,= a tube; a speaking-tube, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, i. 1 (Cler.); -a telescope, News from the New World (Printer); a pea-shooter, ‘Wooden -pellets out of earthen trunks’, Middleton, Fam. of Love, iii. 3 (Purge); -Eastward Ho, ii (Quicksilver); ‘A trunk to shoot in, _syringa_, tubulus -flatu jaculatorius’, Coles, Lat. Dict.; Brome, New Acad. iv. 1. See -Dict. (s.v. Trunk, 2). - -=trunks,= trunk-hose, loose hose, often stuffed with hair. B. Jonson, -Alchem. iii. 2 (Face); Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Strozzo). - -=truss,= to pack close; to fasten up. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 350; ‘Help to -truss me’ (i.e. to tie up the points (strings) of my hose), B. Jonson, -Every Man in Hum. i. 3 (Stephen). See Dict. - -=trusses, a pair of,= close-fitting leggings; ‘A pair of trusses’ [for -an Irishman], Shirley, Love Tricks, i. 1 (near the end). See =trowses.= - -†=trutch sword= (?); ‘For a trutch sword, my naked knife stuck up’, -Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo). See Nares. - -=trye,= select, refined; ‘Of silver trye’, Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 26. F. -_trié_, pp. of _trier_, to try, to refine. - -=tuch;= See =touch= (2). - -=tucket,= a particular set of notes on the trumpet used as a signal for -a march (Nares). Also, _tucket-sonance_, Hen. V, iv. 2. 85. Ital. -‘_toccata_ d’un musico, a præludium that cunning musicians use to play, -as it were voluntarily before any set lesson’ (Florio). - -=tuff-taffeta,= a kind of silk. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude); B. Jonson, -Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 1 (Hedon). - -=tumbler,= a kind of greyhound used for coursing rabbits; ‘A nimble -tumbler on a burrowed green’, W. Browne, Brit. Pastorals, ii. 4; B. -Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). A Linc. word, see EDD. (s.v. Tumbler, -3). - -=tumbrel,= a farm-cart used for manure. Marston, Epil. to Pygmalion, 26; -Satire iv. 13. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. -Tumbril, 1). ME. _tomerel_, a dung-cart (Prompt. EETS. 485, _tumerel_, -494); F. ‘_tombereau_, a tumbrel or dung-cart’ (Cotgr.). - -=tumbrel,= a sort of bumboat, unfit for sailing. Fletcher, Woman’s -Prize, iii. 2 (Jaques); iii. 4 (Petruchio). - -=tundish,= a funnel; ‘Filling a bottle with a tundish’, Meas. for M. -iii. 2. 182. A ‘tun-bowl’ or a ‘tun-dish’ was a kind of wooden funnel, -like a small bucket, with hoops round it, and a tube at the bottom, used -for pouring liquids into a cask, in use in Northants, see EDD. (s.v. -Tun, sb.^{1} 3 (2)). - -=tunnel,= the shaft of a fire-place, chimney. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, -ii. 1 (Crispiano), where _chimney_ means fire-place; _tonnell_, Spenser, -F. Q. ii. 9. 29; ‘Tonnell of a chymney, _tuyau_’, Palsgrave; see Dict. -(s.v. Tunnel); _tonnels_ used _fig._ for nostrils, B. Jonson, Every Man -in Hum. i. 3 (Cob). - -=tup,= to cover as a ram. Othello, i. 1. 89; iii. 3. 396. _Tup with_, to -cohabit with, Warner, Alb. England, bk. iv, ch. 20, st. 33. ‘Tup’ is in -gen. prov. use for a ram in England and Scotland (EDD.). - -=turf.= ‘Turfe of a cap, _rebras_’, Palsgrave (_rebras_ means a turning -up, a tucking upwards or inwards); as vb., to make a turned-up edging -for a hat, ‘The steward would have had the velvet-head (of the stag) -. . . to turf his hat withal’, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 2 (1 -Woodman). ME. _tyrfe_, the rolling back of a sleeve, ‘revolucio’ -(Prompt. EETS. 483, see note, no. 2350); _tirven_, to roll back -(Havelok, 603). - -=turgion,= the name of a dance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § -12. F. ‘_tourdion_, a turning, or winding about; also, the dance tearmed -a round’ (Cotgr.); O. Prov. _tordion_, ‘sorte de danse’ (Levy). From OF. -_tordre_, to twist. See Croft’s note on the word in the Glossary. - -=Turk.= ‘A valiant Turk, though not worth tenpence’, Middleton, A Fair -Quarrel, iii. 1 (1 Friend); _a Turk of tenpence_ (a term of abuse), -Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 4 (Ithamore). - -=turken,= to wrest, distort; ‘It turkeneth all things at pleasure’, -Gascoigne. Steel Glass (ed. Arber, 37); _turquened_, pp., id., Pref. to -Poesies; ed. Hazlitt, i. 5. - -=turkis,= the gem turquoise. Milton, Comus, 894. See Dict. - -=turm,= a troop. Milton, P. R. iii. 66. L. _turma_. - -=turment,= a warlike engine; ‘Turmentes of warre’, Sir T. Elyot, -Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 3. OF. _torment_, _tourment_ (Godefroy). Med. -L. _tormentum_, a machine for hurling missiles (Ducange). - -=turnbroch,= a turnspit. _Turnebroche_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 80. 2. F. -_tourne-broche_, a turn-spit, a dog used for turning a spit. - -=Turnbull Street,= a street in Clerkenwell noted for thieves and bad -characters. Middleton, A Chaste Maid, ii. 2 (2 Promoter). See Nares. - -=turnpike,= a turnstile that revolved on the top of a post, and was -furnished with pikes. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Picklock). -Also, a revolving frame of pikes, set in a narrow passage to obstruct an -enemy, Shirley, Honoria, i. 2 (Alamode). - -=turquen;= see =turken.= - -=turquet,= (perhaps) a puppet dressed as a Turk. Bacon, Essay 37. - -=turquois,= a quiver; ‘A _turquoys_ that was full of arowes’, Caxton, -Hist. Troye, leaf 299, back, 3. OF. _turquois_, _turquais_, Med. L. -_turcasia_, ‘pharetra’ (Ducange); also Norm. F. _tarchais_ (Wace), F. -_tarquai_s (15th cent.). Med. Gk. ταρκάσιον, a quiver; Arab, _tarkâsh_, -of Persian origin, see Dozy, Glossaire, 250. The mod. F. form is -_carquois_. - -=tusk,= to thrust into or beat bushes, to drive out game; ‘Make them -tuske these woodes’, Lyly, Gallathea, iv. 1 (Telusa). - -=tutch;= See =touch= (2). - -=tutsan, tutsain,= all-heal; a species of St. John’s wort; _Hypericum -Androsaemum_; ‘The healing tutsan’, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 204; ‘Of tutsan -or parke-leaues’, Lyte, tr. of Dodoens, bk. i, c. 45. It was considered -a panacea for wounds. F. _tutsan_, ‘tutsan, Park-leaves’ (Cotgr.); -_Toute-saine_, ‘Arbrisseau ainsi nommé, parce que ses feuilles, ses -racines, sa semence sont fort utiles en Médecine’ (Dict. de l’Acad., -1786). - -=tutt,= a mark; ‘I toucht no tutt’, Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 94. -‘Tut(t’ is in prov. use in Yorks. for a mark, bound, a stopping place in -the game of rounders, see EDD. (s.v. Tut, sb.^{7} 2). - -=tutty,= a nosegay. T. Campion, Bk. of Airs, i. 20 (Wks., ed. Bullen, p. -62); ‘Tutty or Tuzzimuzzy, an old word for a nosegay’, Phillips, 1706. -In common use in the south-west: Hants., Wilts., Dorset, Somerset and -Devon (EDD.). See Prompt. EETS., note, no. 2353 on the word ‘Tytetuste’. - -=twagger,= a fat lamb. Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1. 9. A Sussex word for -a lamb (EDD.). - -=twankle,= to twangle, to play upon a harp; ‘And twancling makes them -tune’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vi. 646. Cp. _twangling_, Tam. Shrew, ii. -159. ‘Twankle’ is a Warw. word (EDD.). - -=tweak,= a prostitute. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Chough). - -=tweche:= phr. _to keep tweche_, to keep touch, perform a promise. -Wever, Lusty Juventus, 1. 7; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 47. See EDD. -(s.v. Twitch, vb.^{3}). - -=tweer;= see =twire.= - -=twelve:= phr. _upon twelve_, near twelve o’clock; near the dinner-hour; -‘My stomacke is now much upon twelve’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., i. 1 -(Whetstone); vol. iv, p. 175. - -=twelvepenny-stool gentlemen,= gentlemen who were allowed to sit upon a -stool upon the stage itself on payment of 12_d._ Middleton, Roaring -Girl, ii. 1 (Mis. T.). - -=twibill,= a double-bladed battle-axe. Spelt _twibbil_; Stanyhurst. tr. -of Aeneid, ii. 490 (L. _bipenni_, ii. 479). Still in prov. use for a -double-headed axe. see EDD. (s.v. Twybill). OE. _twibill_, a two-edged -axe (Sweet). See =twybill.= - -=twig,= to do anything strenuously, to press (forward); ‘And twigging -forth apace . . . the Egle flue’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 247. A -Yorks. expression, see EDD. (s.v. Twig, vb.^{1} 6). - - =twigger,= a wanton person, a wencher, Marlowe, Dido, iv. 5. 21; - orig. perhaps applied to a ram, Tusser, Husbandry, § 35. 28. - -=twiggen,= made of osiers; cased with osiers or wicker-work; ‘A large -basket or twiggen panier’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, b. xvii, c. 10, 5 § 1; -Othello, ii. 3. 152. A Warw. word (EDD.). - -=twight,= to ‘twit’, upbraid. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 12. ME. _atwite_, to -reproach (Laȝamon). OE. _ætwītan_. - -=twight,= to twitch, to pull suddenly; ‘No bit nor rein his tender jawes -may twight’, Mirror for Mag. (Nares); used as pt. t. of _twitch_, -touched, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, iv. 259 (L. _tetigit_). ME. _twykkyn_, -‘tractulo’ (Prompt.). OE. _twiccian_, to pluck, catch hold of. - -=twin,= to separate one from the other. The World and the Child, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 244. So in Scotch use: ‘We should never twin -again, except heaven twin’d and sundered us’, Rutherford’s Life (ed. -1761), 234, see EDD. (s.v. Twin, vb.^{2} 2). - -=twin,= _to be twinned_, to be closely united like twins; ‘True liberty -. . . which always with right reason dwells twinned’, Milton, P. L. xii. -85; B. Jonson, Hue and Cry after Cupid (Vulcan). - -=twink,= a twinkling. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 312; phr. _with a twink_, in a -moment, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Marcella). ‘In a twink’ is in use in -various parts of England and Scotland, meaning in the shortest possible -space of time (EDD.). ME. _twynkyn_ wyth the eye, ‘nicto’ (Prompt.). - -=twire,= to peep, to peep at intervals, to take a stolen glance at a -thing; ‘When sparkling stars twire not’, Sonnet xxviii; ‘To see the -common parent of us all, Which maids will twire at ’tween their -fingers’, B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 169; -spelt _tweer_, ‘The tweering constable’, Middleton, Father Hubberd’s -Tales (ed. Dyce, v. 594). A Wilts. and Berks. word, ‘How he did twire -and twire at she!’ (EDD.). Cp. Germ. dial. (Bavarian) _zwi_(_e_)_ren_, -to take a stolen glance at a thing (Schmeller). - -=twire pipe,= a term of abuse; ‘An ass, a twire pipe, a Jeffery John -Bo-peep’, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Thomas). For _twire_, see -above; _pipe_ may be identified with the Yorks. word _pipe_, to glance -at stealthily, see EDD. (s.v. Pipe, vb.^{2}) = F. _piper_, ‘to peke or -prie’ (Palsgrave). See Dict. (s.v. Peep, 2). So that _twire pipe_ is a -reduplicated word meaning a sly peeper. - -=twissell,= the part of a tree where the branches divide from the stock; -‘As from a tree we sundrie times espie A _twissell_ grow by Nature’s -subtile might’, Turbervile, The Lover wisheth to be conjoined, st. 6. -See EDD. (s.v. Twizzle, 8). OE. _twislian_, to fork, branch (Hom. ii. -117); ‘twisil tunge’ (double tongue, Ecclus. v. 14). - -=twitch-box,= said to be the same as _touch-box_, a box containing -powder for _priming_; to _prime_ was to put a little gunpowder into the -pan of an old-fashioned fire-arm. ‘Thy flask [powder-flask] and -twitch-box’, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 67. See -=touch-box.= - -=twitter-light,= twilight. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 1 (2 -Court.); Mere Dissemblers, iii. 1 (Dondolo). Cp. the Yorks. expression, -‘He came about the twitter of day’, see EDD. (s.v. Twitter, sb.^{4} 10). - -=twone,= twined; pp. of _twine_. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1. 7; -_twon_, id., Sophonisba, iii. 1 (first stage-direction). - -=twybill,= a kind of mattock or double axe. Drayton, Pol. xviii. 77. See -=twibill.= - -=tyall,= a bell-pull, string, cord; ‘The greate belles clapper was -fallen doune, the _tyal_ was broken’, Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. -172). See =tial.= - -=tydie,= some small bird, a titmouse (?), Drayton, Pol. xiii. 79. ME -_tidif_ (_tydif_), a small bird, perhaps the titmouse (Chaucer, Leg. G. -W. 154). - -=tyne;= see =tine.= - -=tyran, tyranne,= a tyrant. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 98. Hence, -_tyranning_, acting the part of a tyrant, F. Q. iv. 7. 1. F. _tyran_, L. -_tyrannus_, Gk. τύραννος. - -=tysant,= barley-water. Turbervile, Of the divers and contrarie Passions -of his Love, st. 2. ME. _tysane_, ‘ptisana’ (Prompt.). F. ‘_tisanne_, -barly water’ (Cotgr.), L. _ptisana_, pearl-barley, barley-water (Pliny), -Gk. πτισάνη, peeled barley, barley-water (Hippocrates). - - - - - U - - -=ubblye;= see =obley.= - -=uberous,= fertile. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb. ii. 3 (Hengist). L. -_ūber_, fertile. - -=ugsome,= frightful, horrible. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 1007. Hence -_ugsomnes_, terror, ‘The horrour and ugsomenes of death’, Latimer, -Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 185). These words are still in common prov. use -with these meanings in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Ug). ME. -_ugsom_, frightful (Dest. Troy, 877). - -=ulen-spiegel;= see =owl-spiegle.= - -=umbecast,= to consider, ponder. Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 25; bk. -xviii, c. 21. ME. _umbecast_; ‘In his hert can umbecast’ (Barbour’s -Bruce, v. 552). The prefix is _umbe_, OE. _ymbe_, around (see Wars -Alex., Glossary). - -=umbered,= embrowned with umber. Hen. V, v, Chorus, 9. - -=umberere;= see =umbriere.= - -=umbles,= the ‘numbles’, the entrails of a deer; ‘The umblis of -venyson’, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1240; Holinshed, i. 204 (Nares); -_fig._ used for a man’s bodily parts, ‘Faith, a good well-set fellow, if -his spirit Be answerable to his umbles’, Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 1 -(Trapdoor). See =numbles.= - -=umbrana,= a delicate fish. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 1 (Duke). -Nares says: ‘The name of a fish, called also _umbra_; in English, -_umber_ or _grayling_; the _Salmo thymullus_ of Linnaeus.’ Ital. -_ombrina_, ‘an ombre or grailing’ (Baretti), cp. F. ‘_umbre_, an ombre, -or grayling’ (Cotgr.). Mod. L. _umbrae_, ‘tymalli, pisces Hibernis -familiares’ (Ducange). Cp. σκίαινα, the name of a sea-fish (Aristotle). - -=umbratical,= secluded; applied to teachers who wrote in their own -studies; ‘The umbratical doctors’, B. Jonson, Discoveries, lvii. L. -_umbraticus doctor_, a private tutor (Petronius). - -=umbratil,= belonging to the shade; private, secluded. B. Jonson, -Magnetic Lady, iii. 3 (Compass). L. _umbratilis vita_, a retired, -contemplative life (Cicero). - -=umbriere,= the movable visor of a helmet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 42; -iv. 4. 44; spelt _umberere_, Morte Arthur, leaf 169, back, 7; bk. viii, -ch. 41 (end). O. Prov. _ombriera_, that which gives shade, a tree giving -shade (Levy), deriv. of _ombra_, shade, L. _umbra_. - -=un-,= negative prefix. Often used where mod. E. has _in-_; as in -_un-constant_, _un-firm_, _un-ordinate_; all in Shakespeare. So also -North has _un-honest_ for _dis-honest_, _un-possible_, _un-satiable_. - -=unavoided,= irrefutable. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Physician). - -=unbe,= to cease to be. Nero, iii. 3. 26. - -=unbid,= without a prayer. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54. - -=unbolted,= unsifted, coarse. King Lear, ii. 2. 71. Cp. _bolt_, ‘to sift -flour through a sieve or fine cloth’, in prov. use in the north down to -Derbyshire. OF. _buleter_, to sift (Hatzfeld, s.v. Bluter). - -=uncandied,= dissolved out of a candied or solid condition, Two Noble -Kinsmen, i. 1. 115. Cp. _discandy_, Ant. and Cl. iv. 12. 22. - -=uncape;= ‘I warrant we’ll unkennel the fox. Let me stop this way -first—so now uncape,’ Merry Wives, iii. 3. 176. Meaning doubtful. Here -are three conjectures: (1) to uncouple (hounds) so Schmidt; (2) to dig -out the fox when earthed (Warburton); (3) to turn the fox out of the bag -(Steevens). - -=uncase,= to undress. L. L. L. v. 2. 707; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 212. - -=uncharge,= to acquit from a charge. Hamlet, iv. 7. 68. _Uncharged_, -pp., unassailed, Timon, v. 4. 55. - -=unchary,= not careful, heedless. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 222. - -=unclew,= to unwind from a clew; hence, _fig._ to undo, to ruin. Timon, -i. 1. 168. - -=uncoined,= not minted; hence, not used as common coin, unconventional, -simple. Hen. V, v. 2. 161. - -=uncouth,= unknown, unusual, strange, Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 20; iii. 4. -51; Shep. Kal., Sept., 60. Still in prov. use in this sense in the north -country (EDD.). ME. _uncouth_, strange, uncommon (Chaucer, C. T. A. -2497). OE. _uncūð_, unknown, strange (John x. 5). - -=underfong,= to undertake a work, labour, task; ‘And looser songs of -love to underfong’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 22; id., June, 103; to -receive, to take surreptitiously, F. Q. v. 2. 7; _underfang_, Mirror for -Mag., Morindus, st. 6. ME. _underfongyn_, ‘suscipio’ (Prompt.). OE. -_underfōn_, to receive, to undertake a task (B. T.); pp. _underfangen_. -See Dict. M. and S. (s.vv. Underfon _and_ Underfangen). - -=undergo,= to experience; to endure with firmness, Cymbeline, iii. 2. 7; -to suffer, put up with, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 133; to partake of, to enjoy, -Meas. for M. i. 1. 24; to take upon oneself, to undertake, Two Gent. v. -4. 42; to be subject to, ‘Claudio undergoes my challenge’, Much Ado, v. -2. 57. - -=undermeal,= a slight afternoon meal. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 1 -(Cokes). See EDD. (s.v. Undern). ME. _undermele_, ‘post meridies’ -(Prompt. EETS. 508); _undermele tyde_ (Trevisa, tr. Higden, v. 373); -_undermeles_, afternoons (Chaucer, C. T. D. 875); _undern_ + _mele_; -_undern_, the time between noon and sunset. OE. _undern_. See Dict. M. -and S. (s.v. Undern). - -=underset,= to support, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146). ME. -_undersettyn_ or underschoryn, ‘fulcio, suffulcio’ (Prompt. EETS.). - -=undertaker,= a contractor; ‘Let not the government of the plantation -depend upon too many . . . undertakers in the country that planteth’, -Bacon, Essay 33; one who takes upon himself a task or business, Twelfth -Nt. iii. 4. 349; Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 78. Cp. Othello, iv. 1. 224. - -=undertime,= afternoon, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13. For _undern-time_. -See =undermeal.= - -=underwork,= to work secretly against any one; _underwrought_, pp., -undermined. King John, ii. 1. 96. - -=uneath, unneath,= scarcely, hardly, with difficulty. Spenser, F. Q. i. -9. 38; i. 10. 31; i. 11. 4; 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 8; _unnethes_, Shep. Kal., -Jan., 6. ME. _uneth_ (_unneth_) scarcely (Wars Alex. 2060, 4801), also -_unethes_ (_unnethes_), id., 4078, 4437; also in Chaucer, see Glossary. -OE. _unēaðe_ (Gen. xxvii. 30). See Dict. M. and S. (s v. Uneaðe). - -=unequal,= unjust. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 1 (Mosca); Massinger, Emp. -of the East, v. 2 (Theodosius); Ant. and Cl. ii. 5. 101; 2 Hen. IV, iv. -1. 102; BIBLE, Ezek. xviii. 25 (_unequal_ = Vulg. _pravus_). See Trench, -Sel. Gl. See =equal.= - -=unexpressive,= inexpressible. As You Like it, iii. 2. 10; Milton, -Christ’s Nativity, 116; Lycidas, 176. - -=unfolding;= ‘The unfolding star calls up the shepherd’, Meas. for M. -iv. 2. 218. The star that by its rising tells the shepherd that it is -time to release the sheep from the fold. [So Collins in his Ode to -Evening, 72, refers to the evening-star as the _folding-star_, the star -rising at folding time: ‘When thy folding-star arising shows His paly -circlet’; cp. Shelley in Hellas, 221, ‘The powers of earth and air Fled -from the folding star of Bethlehem’.] - -=unhappily,= unfortunately, with regret be it said. Meas. for M. i. 2. -160; mischievously, with evil result, Lucrece, 8; evilly, King Lear, i. -2. 157; Sonnet 66. - -=unhappy,= mischievous, evil, trickish, All’s Well, iv. 5. 66; -ill-omened, Cymb. v. 5. 153; wicked, Peele, Battle of Alcazar, Prologue; -waggish, Fletcher, Loyal Subject, ii. 2 (Olympia); unfortunate, Spenser, -F. Q. i. 2. 22. - -=unhatched,= unhacked, not blunted by blows. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 257; -_unhatcht_, unmarked, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 5 (Oriana). -See =hatched.= - -=unhatched,= not hatched, not yet brought to light. Hamlet, i. 3. 65; -Othello, iii. 4. 141. - -=unhele, unheale,= to uncover. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 64; iv. 5. 10; -Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (near end). See =heal= (to cover). - -=unherse,= to take down (arms) from the ‘hearse’, or temporary stand on -which they were placed; part of the ceremony of _baffling_. Spenser, F. -Q. v. 3. 37. See =hearse.= - -=unhouseled,= without having received the last sacrament. Hamlet, i. 5. -77. Deriv. of ME. _housel_ (P. Plowman, B. xix. 390); OE. _hūsl_ -(_hūsel_), the consecrated bread in the Eucharist (Ælfric), Goth. -_hunsl_, ‘sacrificium’ (Matt. ix. 13). See Dict. (s.v. Housel). - -=unicorn’s horn,= a supposed antidote to poison. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out -of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). ‘This beast in countenance is cruell and wilde, -and yet notwithstanding mixed with a certaine sweetnes or amiablenes. -His horne is of a merveilous greate force and vertue against Venome and -poyson,’ Blundevile, Exercises; see Bible Word-Book (s.v. Unicorn). - -=unimproved,= not yet used for advantage. Hamlet, i. 1. 96. See -=improve.= - -=union,= a fine pearl. Hamlet, v. 2. 283; Kyd, Soliman, ii. 1. 231. -Anglo-F. _union_ (Bestiary, 1482); see Rough List; L. _unio_, a single -pearl of a large size. - -=unjust,= dishonest. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 2. 30; BIBLE, Luke xvi. 8. - -=unkind,= unnatural. Spenser, F. Q., iii. 2. 43; King Lear, iii. 4. 73. - -=unlast,= _pp._ of _unlace_, to unfasten. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 39. - -=unlefull,= forbidden. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 61. See =lefull.= - -=unlived,= deprived of life. Lucrece, 1754. - -=unmanned,= unaccustomed to man, untamed, as a hawk. B. Jonson, Sad -Shepherd, iii. 2 (Karol); Romeo, iii. 2. 14. - -=unmorris’d,= not dressed like a morris-dancer. Fletcher, Women Pleased, -iv. 1 (Soto). - -=un-napt,= not provided with nap, as cloth; hence, unfurnished, -unprovided. Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of Malta, i. 1. 17. - -=unnethes;= see =uneath.= - -=unowed,= unowned. King John, iv. 3. 147. - -=unperegall,= unequalled. Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iv. 5 (end). See -=peregall.= - -=unpregnant,= unapt for business. Meas. for M. iv. 4. 23; _unpregnant -of_, having no intelligent sense of, Hamlet, ii. 2. 595. See =pregnant= -(2). - -=unqueat,= unquiet, disquieted. Warner, Alb. England, bk. iii, ch. 16, -st. 65. See =queat.= - -=unquestionable,= averse from conversation, uncommunicative. As You Like -It, iii. 2. 393. - -=unquod,= unusual, strange; ‘Vnquod manor of crueltee’, Udall, tr. of -Apoph., Augustus, § 59. A contaminated form, see EDD. (s.vv. Uncouth and -Unkid). In _unkid_ the _-kid_ = OE. (_ge_)_cȳdd_, contraction of -_cȳðed_, pp. of _cȳðan_, to make known. See =uncouth.= - -=unready,= not fully dressed. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 1. 39; _to make unready_, -to undress, Fletcher, Island Princess, iii. 8. 13. See Nares. - -=unrecovered,= irrecoverable. Chapman, Iliad ix, 247. - -=unreduct,= unreduced. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 1 (Gerardine). - -=unreproved,= irreproachable. Chapman, Iliad i, 87; ii, 785. - -=unrespective,= devoid of consideration, unthinking. Richard III, iv. 2. -29; used at random, without consideration, Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 71. - -=unrude,= rough, violent. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum., iv. 1. Cp. -the obs. Scottish _unrude_ (hideous, horrible, vile), given in Jamieson -(EDD.). ME. _unrüde_ (Stratmann); _unride_ (_unrode_), cruel, rough, -wanton (Wars Alex.). OE. _ungerȳde_, rough, violent, cp. _ungerȳdu_, -‘aspera’ (Luke iii. 5). - -=unseeled,= not fastened up, opened; applied to the eyes. B. Jonson, -Catiline, i. 1 (Cethegus). See =seel.= - -=unshed,= not carefully parted; said of hair. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40. -‘To shed’ is in prov. use in the north country for making a parting in -the hair of the head (EDD.). ME. _scheden_, to separate, to part the -hair; _schede_, the parting of a man’s hair (Cath. Angl.); OE. _scēada_, -the top of the head, parting of the hair, _scēadan_, to part, to make a -line of separation between (B. T.). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Scheden). - -=unstanched,= (of thirst) insatiable. 1 Hen. VI, ii. 6. 83. - -=unsuffered,= insufferable. Chapman, Iliad iii, 6. - -=untappice,= to come out of hiding; ‘Now I’ll untappice’, Massinger, A -Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). See =tappish.= - -=untempering,= not having a modifying or softening influence. Hen. V, v. -2. 241; _temper_, to fashion, mould, Richard III, i. 1. 65; Titus, iv. -4. 109. L. _temperare_, to temper, moderate, qualify. - -=untented,= not to be probed by a ‘tent’; hence, incurable. King Lear, -i. 4. 322. See Dict. (s.v. Tent, 2). - -=untermed,= interminable, endless. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, iii. 3 -(Duke). - -=untewed,= not dressed like hemp; hence, not combed out, said of a -sheep’s fleece. Lyly, Endimion, ii. 2 (Sir Tophas). See =tew= (2). - -=unthrift,= prodigal, wasteful. Timon, iv. 3. 311; a prodigal, -good-for-nothing person, Richard II, ii. 3. 122. Cp. the Yorks. -expression, ‘He’s a desperate unthrift’, for a thriftless squanderer, a -good-for-nothing person (EDD.). - -=untraded,= not commonly used. Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 178. See =trade.= - -=untrussed,= partially undressed, with the laces of his hose untied. -Middleton, The Witch, v. 1. 2. - -=untwight,= untouched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 345; spelt _ontwight_ -(L. _incolumis_), id., ii. 88. See =twight= (2). - -=unvalued,= inestimable, invaluable. Richard III, i. 4. 27; Fletcher, -Valentinian, i. 2. 19. - -=unwappered,= not jaded, not worn out. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 10. -‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word, ‘Thy horse is wappered out’, i.e. tired -out, quite jaded (EDD.). - -=unwares,= unawares, unexpectedly. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 18; -undesignedly, 3 Hen. VI, ii. 5. 62; _at unwares_, unexpectedly, -Gascoigne (ed. Hazlitt, i. 434). - -=unwary,= unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 25. The usual ME. form was -_unwar_; as in Chaucer, used as an adj. unexpected, and as an adv. -unexpectedly. - -=unwist,= unknown, unsuspected. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 26. ME. _unwist_, -unknown (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1294). - -=unwreaken,= unavenged. Tancred and Gismunda, v. 2 (Gismunda); in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 86. ME. _wreken_, pp. avenged; _wreke_, to -avenge (Chaucer), OE. _wrecan_, pp. _ge_)_wrecen_. - -=upbraid,= a reproach; ‘He . . . with his mind had known Much better the -upbraids of men’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, vi. 389. ME. _upbreyd_, a -reproach (Handlyng Synne, 5843). See Dict. - -=upbray,= to ‘upbraid’, reproach. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 45. In prov. use -in north Yorks. (EDD.). - -=uphild,= _pp._ upheld. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 21. - -=uppen,= to ‘open’, reveal, relate. Golding, Metam. xii. 162; fol. 145, -l. 5 (1603). Cp. the E. Anglian expressions, ‘You didn’t uppen it, did -ye? Be sewer don’t uppen it ta nobody’, where ‘uppen’ means to disclose, -reveal (EDD.). - -=upright men,= ‘vagabonds who were strong enough to be chiefs or -magistrates among their fellows; one of the twenty-four orders of -beggars’ (Aydelotte, p. 27). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 2; Harman, -Caveat (New Shaks. Soc, p. 34). - -=upsey,= in the following combinations: _Upsey-Dutch_, in the Dutch -fashion, B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 4 (Subtle), whence the phr. _to drink -upsey Dutch_, to drink to excess, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii 1. 3; -_Upsey-Freeze_, in the Frisian fashion, The Shrift (Nares); Dekker, -Belman; id., Seven Deadly Sins (Nares); _Upsey-English_, in the English -way, Beaumont and Fl., Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen). [Cp. ‘Drink upsees -out’, in the Soldier’s Song in Scott’s Lady of the Lake, vi. 5.] Du. _op -zyn_: _op zyn Engelsch_, after the English fashion (Sewel, s.v. Op). Du. -_zyn_ (now spelt _zin_) = G. _sinn_, sense, meaning. - -=upsitting,= a festival when a woman sits up after her confinement. -Westward Ho, v. 1 (Mist. Tenterhook); Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 -(Oldrents); Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, ii. 1 (Valere); ‘_Relevailles -d’une femme_, the upsitting’, Cotgrave. - -=upspring,= the name of a dance. Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘An Almain and an -upspring’, Chapman, Alphonsus, iii. 1 (Bohemia). - -=ure,= operation, action. Esp. in phr. _to put in ure_, Ferrex and -Porrex, iv. 2 (Porrex); Greene. Alphonsus, Prol. (Venus). OF. _ure_, -_eure_, L. _opera_, work, action. See Dict. - -=ure,= destiny; ‘Wherefore he hathe good ure, That can hymselfe assure -Howe fortune wyll endure,’ Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 1003. Hence, as vb. -_to be ured_, to be invested with as by a decree of fate, ‘Men nowe a -dayes so unhappely be uryd’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 6. See =eure.= - -=usance,= interest paid for money, Merch. Ven. i. 3. 46. A rare meaning -of the word; it gen. means the same as ‘usage’. ME. _usaunce_, custom -(Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 683). Norm. F. _usance_, ‘usage, mise en pratique, -exercice d’un pouvoir’ (Moisy). - -=uses,= practical applications of doctrines; a term affected by the -Puritans, and ridiculed by the dramatists. B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, -iii. 1 (Needle); Massinger, Emp. of the East, iii. 2 (Flaccilla). - -=utas,= the period of eight days beginning with a festival; hence, -merriment, festivity; ‘Utas of a feest, _octaves_’, Palsgrave; ‘Old -utis’ (i.e. high merriment), 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 22. ‘Utis’ still survives -in prov. use in Worc. in the sense of noise, din: ‘The hounds kicked up -a deuce of a utis’ (EDD.). Anglo-F. _utaves_ (Rough List); L. _octava_ -(_dies_), eighth day; for ecclesiastical use see Dict. Christ. Antiq. -(s.v. Octave). See Dict. (s.v. Utas). - -=utter,= to put forth, put in circulation, offer for sale, put on the -market. L. L. L. ii. 1. 16; Romeo, v. 1. 67; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 330; -Fletcher, Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo); Sir T. Elyot, Governour, iii. 30, § -2; Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid, i. 448. Hence _utterance_, sale, ‘There is no -such speedie utterance of rabbets’, Harrison, Descr. of England, bk. ii, -ch. 19 (ed. Furnivall, p. 304). - -=utterance:= in phr. _to the utterance_, to the last extremity, Macbeth, -iii. 1. 72. F. _à outrance_; _combat à outrance_, a fight to the death; -deriv. of _outre_, L. _ultra_, beyond. - - - - - V - - -=vacabonde,= a wandering beggar, a ‘vagabond’; ‘Fraternitye of -Vacabondes’, Awdeley (title of book, 1565). Norm. F. _vacabond_, -‘vagabond’ (Moisy); F. ‘_vacabonds_, vagabonds, rogues’ (Cotgr.). See -Dict. (s.vv. Vagabond _and_ Vagrant). - -=vacate,= to annul, to make void, to make of no authority; ‘That -after-act vacating the authority of the precedent’, King Charles -(Johnson); to render vain, to frustrate, Dryden, Don Sebastian, ii. 1 -(Dorax). Med. L. _vac_(_u_)_are_, ‘inane, irritum et vacuum efficere’ -(Ducange), see Rönsch, Vulgata, 171. - -=vade,= to vanish, pass away; ‘Their vapour vaded’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. -9. 20; ‘How ever gay their blossome or their blade Doe flourish now, -they into dust shall vade’, id., v. 2. 40; Ruines of Rome, xx; Shaks. -Sonnets, liv. 14; to fade, ‘Upon her head a chaplet stood of never -vading greene’, Niccols, Induction, Mirror for Mag. 559 (Nares); Richard -II, i. 2. 20. - -=vah,= an interjection; ‘No, vah! Fie, I scorn it’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ -Holiday, v. 1 (Eyre). - -=vail,= to lower, to let fall; ‘She vailed her eyelids’, Venus and Ad. -956; Hamlet, i. 2. 70; to bow, to stoop, to do homage, Pericles, iv, -Prol. 29. ME. _avale_, to lower (Gower, C. A. viii. 1619). Anglo-F. -_avaler_, to lower (Gower, Mirour, 10306). - -=vails,= _pl._, profits or perquisites that arise to servants besides -their salary or wages. Pericles, ii. 1. 163; Dryden, Juvenal, Sat. iii. -311. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Vail, 2). _Vail_ is a shortened form -for _avail_. ME. _avayle_, ‘profectus, proventus, emolumentum’ (Prompt. -EETS. 17). - -=valance,= a fringe of drapery; ‘Rich cloth of tissue and vallance of -black silk’, Strype, Eccles. Mem., Funeral Solemnities of Henry VIII; a -part of bed-hangings, ‘_Valenzana del letto_, the valances of a bed’, -Florio (ed. 1598). Hence _valanced_, fringed, used _fig._ of a beard, -Hamlet, ii. 2. 442. See Dict. - -=valew,= valour. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29; Harington, tr. Ariosto, xiii. -39. F. ‘_valuë_, worth, goodness’ (Cotgr.). - -=valiant,= worth, amounting to in value; ‘Four hundred a year valiant, -worth £400 a year’, Middleton, A Trick to catch, i. 1 (Witgood). F. -_vaillant_, ‘a mans whole estate or worth, all his substance, means, -fortunes’ (Cotgr.). Cp. Med. L. _valens_, ‘valor, pretium’ (Ducange). - -=vall,= a vale. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 479. F. ‘_val_, a vale’ -(Cotgr.). - -=vallies,= ‘valise’. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (near the end). See -Dict. - -=valure,= value, worth. Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, p. 506); Pembroke, -Arcadia (Nares); Mirror for Mag. 280; hence, _valurous_, valuable, -Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (Tamb.). See Dict. (s.v. Valour). - -=vannes,= _pl._ wings, Milton, P. L. ii. 927. Cp. Ital. _vanni_, ‘the -whole wings of any bird’ (Florio). - -=vance,= to ‘advance’. Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 7. - -=vantbrace,= the ‘vambrace’, armour for the fore-arm, Milton, Samson, -1121; Tr. and Cr. i. 3. 297. F. _avant-bras_, ‘the part of the arm which -extends from the elbow to the wrist; also, a vambrace armour for an arm’ -(Cotgr.). - -=vantguard,= the ‘vanguard’, front rank. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, iv. 266. -ME. _vaunt-gard_ (Holinshed, Chron. Edw. III, ann. 1346; F. -_avant-garde_, ‘the vanguard of an army’ (Cotgr.). - -=vapour,= fume, steam; used, like _humour_, to denote a man’s -characteristic quality, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii (passim). See full -account of this use of the word in Nares (s.v.). Cp. the use of the F. -word _vapeurs_. ‘On appelle _Vapeurs_ dans le corps humain, Les -affections hypocondriaques & hystériques, parce qu’on les croyoit -causées par des fumées élevées de l’estemac ou du bas ventre vers le -cerveau’, Dict. de l’Acad. (ed. 1762). - -=vardingale,= a ‘farthingale’. Three Lords and Three Ladies, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 434. This is the form in Cotgrave (s.vv. -Vertugalle and Vertugadin). F. _verdugale_ (Rabelais); ‘sorte de -cerceau, panier ou jupon bouffant pour seutenir les jupes’ (Jannet’s -Gloss.). Span. _verdugado_, ‘a Petticoat . . . set out below with a -small Hoop, below with one wider and so wider and wider down to the -Feet, so that it looks exactly like a Funnel’ (Stevens). See =verdugal.= - -=vare,= a wand. Dryden, Absalom, 595. Span. _vára_, a wand (Stevens.) - -=vastidity,= immensity. Meas. for M. iii. 1. 69. - -=vasty,= vast, spacious. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 52. - -=vaunt,= the beginning; ‘Our play leaps o’er the vaunt and firstlings of -those broils’, Tr. and Cr., Prel. 27. _Vaunt-courier_, a forerunner, -King Lear, iii. 2. 25; cp. F. _avant-coureur_, ‘a fore-runner, -avant-curror’ (Cotgr.); see =voward.= F. _avant_, before, used of place -and time. - -=vaut,= to ‘vault’, to leap. Ascham, Scholemaster, 64; Drayton, Pol. vi. -51; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); hence _vawter_, a ‘vaulter’, -tumbler, dancer; used of a wanton woman, Gosson, School of Abuse, 36. - -=vease,= a rush, impetus, great effort, force; ‘Forth his vease he set -withall’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xii. 962. See EDD. (s.v. Fease, sb. 6). -ME. _vese_: ‘Ther-out cam a rage and such a vese that it made al the -gates for to rese’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1985); see NED. (s.v. Feeze). See -=feeze.= - -=vecture,= carrying, conveying, carriage of goods. Bacon, Essay 15, § -11. L. _vectura_, a carrying, conveying, transportation by carriage or -ship (Cicero). - -=veget,= lively, bright; ‘A veget spark’, Cartwright, The Ordinary, iv. -3 (Shape). L. _vegetus_, lively. - -=vegetive,= a vegetable. Pericles, iii. 2. 36; Massinger, Old Law, i -(Nares); as adj. ‘The tree still panted in th’ unfinish’d part, Not -wholly vegetive, and heav’d her heart’, Dryden, Ovid, Metam. bk. i -(Daphne). - -=velure,= velvet. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 62; _vellure_, Beaumont and Fl., -Noble Gent. v. 1 (Nares). F. _velours_, velvet; cp. O. Prov. _velos_ -(Levy), L. _villosus_, shaggy (Virgil); see Hatzfeld. - -=velvet-tip,= the down or velvet upon the first sprouting horns of a -young deer. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iii. 3 (Spadone). - -=vena porta,= or _gate-vaine_ (gate-vein), a vein conveying chyle from -the stomach to the liver. Bacon, Essay 19, § 11; 41, § 2. L. _vena_, -vein; _porta_, gate. See =gate-vein.= - -=venditation,= ostentatious display. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxii, Not. -8 (p. 747). L. _venditatio_, an offering for sale, display; _venditare_, -to offer again and again for sale. - -=venerie,= hunting. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 22. ME. _venerye_ (Chaucer, C. -T. A. 166). Anglo-F. _venerie_ (Gower, Mirour, 20314). - -=Venetians,= Venetian or Venice hose. Three Ladies of London, in -Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 344; _Venetian-hosen_ (described), Stubbes, Anat. -of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, p. 56). - -=vengeable,= revengeful, cruel, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 6, § -3; Spenser, ii. 4. 30, 46; terrible, ‘Magdeburg be vengeable fellows’, -Ascham, Letter to Raven, 381 (Nares); excessively great, ‘Paulus . . . -was a vengible fellow in linking matters together’, Holland’s Camden, p. -78 (Davies); excessively, ‘The drink is vengeable bitter’, Gascoigne, -Glasse Gov. v. 1 (ed. 1870). See EDD. - -=vent,= a small inn. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess); -Shelton, tr. Don Quixote, Pt. I. ii. Span. _venta_, an inn (Stevens). -Med. L. _venta_, ‘locus ubi merees venum exponuntur’ (Ducange); -_vendita_, see Ducange (s.v. Venda, 1); deriv. of L. _vendere_, to sell. - -=vent,= to vend, sell. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1. 8; a sale, -Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 146); Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 27. F. -_vente_, sale. See above. - -=vent,= to snuff up or take in the air; to perceive by scent. B. Jonson, -Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.); Drayton, Pol. xiii. 118; Spenser, Shep. Kal., -Feb., 75. - -=vent,= to let out, emit, Coriolanus, i. 1. 229; to utter, Ant. and Cl. -iii. 4. 8 (common in Shaks.); to give birth to, Chapman, tr. Iliad, xix. -97. - -=ventages,= small holes for the passage of air in a flute or flageolet, -to be stopped with a finger. Hamlet, iii. 2. 372. - -=ventanna,= a window. Dryden, Conq. of Granada, I. i. 1 (Boabdelin). -Span. _ventana_. - -=ventilate,= _pp._ discussed. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 25, § -3. L. _ventilatus_, pp. of _ventilare_, to winnow grain, to toss grain -into the air in order to cleanse it from chaff (Pliny). - -=ventoy,= a fan. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2. 4. F. -‘_ventau_, a fan’ (Cotgr.). - -=ver,= spring. Surrey, Complaint of a Lover, 19 (Tottel’s Misc. 8 and -11); spelt _vere_, ‘The rotys take theyr sap in tyme of vere’, Skelton, -On Tyme, 24. O. Prov. _ver_, ‘printemps’ (Levy), L. _ver_. - -=verdea wine,= a wine made of a green grape; and sold at Florence. -Beaumont and Fl., ii. 1 (Miramont). Ital. _verdéa_, ‘a kind of white -pleasant dainty Ladies wine in Tuscany’ (Florio). - -=verdugal,= a ‘farthingale’; ‘Stiffe bombasted verdugals’, Florio’s -Montaigne (ed. Morley, 1886, p. 273). See =vardingale.= - -=verdugo,= a Spanish word for an executioner, a hangman (Stevens); -hence, _his Verdugo-ship_, a contemptuous expression for a Spaniard, B. -Jonson, Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face). - -=vespillo,= among the Romans, one who carried out the poor for burial; a -corpse-bearer. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Med., Pt. I, § 38. L. _vespillo_ -(Suetonius). - -=vex,= to be grieved about anything. Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1. -7. In prov. use from Worc. to the Isle of Wight, ‘’Er little girl died, -and ’er vex’d and vex’d so’ (EDD.). - -=via!,= away!, move on! Merch. Ven. ii. 2. 11; Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, -ii. 3 (Launcelot). Ital. _via_, ‘an adverbe of encouraging, much used by -riders to their horses, and by commanders; go on, away, go to, on, -forward, quickly’, Florio. See Nares. - -=Vice= or =Iniquity,= names for the established buffoon in the old -Moralities; ‘How like you the Vice in the Play?’, B. Jonson, Staple of -News (ed. 1860, p. 388); ‘Thus like the formal Vice, Iniquity, I -moralize’, Richard III, iii. 1. 82. See Schmidt, and Nares (svv. -Iniquity and Vice). - -=vice,= an iron press with a screw for holding things fast, 2 Hen. IV, -ii. 1. 24; to hold one fast as in a ‘vice’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 416. See -Dict. - -=vide-ruff,= an old card-game; obsolete. Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 -(Cranwell). Prob. _vide_ = _vied_, pp. of _vie_, a term in card-playing; -see =vie.= - -=vie,= to hazard or put down a certain sum upon a hand at cards; _to -revie_, to cover that stake with a larger sum; after which, the first -challenger could _revie_ again; and so on. ‘Here’s a trick vied and -revied!’, B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 1 (Well-bred); _Vie and -revie_, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal ii, § last; see Gifford’s note. -See below. - -=vie with,= to show in comparison or competition with; ‘So with the dove -of Paphos might the crow vie feathers white’, Pericles, iv, Prol. 33. -ME. _envỳe_, to show in competition (Chaucer, Death of Blanche, 173, MS. -Fairfax). F. _envier_ (au jeu), ‘to vie’ (Cotgr.); Ital. _invitare_ (al -giuoco), to vie at any game (Florio); cp. Span. _envidar_, to invite or -open the game by staking a certain sum (Neuman). See Dict. - -=vild,= vile. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 46; v. 11. 18. A very common form in -Tudor English. - -=viliaco,= a scoundrel. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Hum. v. 3 -(Sogliardo). Ital. _vigliacco_, ‘a rascal, a scurvy scoundrel’ (Florio). - -=vilify,= to hold cheap. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, v. 3 -(Forobosco). Late L. _vilificare_ (Tertullian). - -=villatic,= belonging to a farm; hence, domestic; ‘Tame villatic fowl’, -Milton, Samson, 1695. L. _villaticus_, belonging to a farm. L. _villa_, -a country-house, farm. - -=vine-dee,= a kind of wine. Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). -Supposed to represent F. _vin de Dieu_, or lacrima-Christi. - -=viol-de-gamboys,= a bass-viol, Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 27. Ital. _viola di -gamba_, ‘a violl de gamba’ (Florio). So called because placed beside the -leg instead of (like the violin) on the arm. Ital. _gamba_, the leg. See -=de gambo.= - -=virelay,= a lay or song with a ‘veering’ arrangement of the rimes. -Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 365. See Nares. F. _virelay_, ‘a virelay, -round, freemans song’; _virer_, ‘to veer, turn round’ (Cotgr.). - -=virge, verge,= a wand. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 3 (Seriben). F. -_verge_, a rod, wand (Cotgr.). - -=virginals,= an instrument of the spinnet kind, but made rectangular, -like a small pianoforte. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, i. 1 (2 -Citizen); Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown). Also called _a pair of -virginals_, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, ch. iii. Their name was probably -derived from their being used by young girls. Hence, _virginalling_, -lit. playing on the virginals, ‘Still virginalling upon his palm!’, -Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 125 (a word coined in jealous indignation). See -Nares. - -=visage,= to look in the face, gaze on. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, book -ii, c. 2, § 3. ‘_I vysage_, I make contenaunce to one, _Ie visaige_’, -Palsgrave. - -=visitate,= to survey, behold. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 161. - -=vively,= in a life-like manner. Marston, Sophonisba, iv. 1. 154. F. -_vif_. - -=vives;= see =fives.= - -=voider,= a basket or tray for carrying out the relics of a dinner or -other meal. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo); -‘_Mésciróbba_, any great dish, platter, charger, voider, tray or pan’, -Florio; ‘Enter . . . serving-men, one with a voider and a wooden knife’, -T. Heywood, Woman Killed with Kindness (The wooden knife emptied the -remnants of the food into the ‘voider’); ‘Piers Ploughman laid the cloth -and Simplicity brought in the voider’, Dekker, Gul’s Hornbook, i; -‘Voyder, _lanx_’, Levins, Manip. In prov. use for a butler’s tray, or a -large open basket; in west Yorks. it is the usual word for a -clothes-basket (EDD.). - -=volary,= a great cage for birds; ‘(she sits) Like the forsaken turtle, -in the volary Of the Light Heart, the cage’, B. Jonson, New Inn, v. 1 -(Prudence). Ital. _voleria_, ‘a volery or great cage for birds’ -(Florio). - -=voley:= phr. _on the voley, o’ the volèe_, inconsiderately. Massinger, -Picture, iii. 6. 1; B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Prudence). F. _à la -volée_, ‘rashly, inconsiderately, at random, at rovers’; _volée_, -flight, _voler_, to fly (Cotgr.). See Nares (s.v. Volée). - -=voluptie,= sensual pleasure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11, § -16; bk. iii, c. 20, § 1. F. _volupté_. - -=volvell,= an instrument consisting of graduated and figured circles -drawn on the leaf of a book, to the centre of which is attached one -movable circle or more; ‘He turnyd his tirikkis, his volvell ran fast’, -Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1517. Fully described by Dyce, ii. 336. Med. -L. _volvella_, _volvellum_; from L. _volvere_, to revolve. - -=vor, vore;= see =che vor.= - -=vorloffe,= ‘furlough’. B. Jonson, Staple of News, v. 1 (Picklock). Du. -‘_verlof_, leave, consent or permission’ (Hexham); Dan. _forlov_, leave, -furlough, cp. G. _verlaub_, leave, permission. - -=votaress,= a woman that is under a vow. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 123, -163; _votress_, Dryden, Palamon, iii. 225. - -=vote,= an ardent wish, a prayer. Beaumont and Fl., Lover’s Progress, -iv. 2 (Alcidon); Massinger, Guardian, v. 1 (Severino). L. _votum_, a -desire, an ardent longing (Horace). - -=voward,= for _vaward_, _vanward_, vanguard, North’s Plutarch, M. -Brutus, § 29 (in Shak. Plut., p. 142); id., § 31, p. 147. F. -_avant-garde_, vanguard. See =vaunt.= - -=vowess,= a widow who made a vow to observe chastity in honour of her -deceased husband; ‘In that church (Oseneie) lieth this ladie (Editha, -wife of Robert d’Oyly) buried with hir image . . . in the habit of a -vowesse’, Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, p. 74); -Leland’s Itinerary (ed. Toulmin Smith, Pt. I, 83, 112, 124). In the -church of Shalstone in Bucks. there is a monumental brass to the memory -of Susan Kingstone, step-sister of Sir T. Elyot, on which she is -described as a ‘vowess’; she died in the year 1540. For the widow’s vow -of chastity, see Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, 70, footnote); Fosbrooke, -British Monachism, 510. - - - - - W - - -=wae;= see =woe.= - -=wafer-woman,= a seller of wafer-cakes, freq. mentioned in the -dramatists as employed in amorous embassies; ‘Am I not able . . . to -deliver a letter handsomely? . . . Why every wafer-woman will undertake -it’, Fletcher, Maid in the Mill, i. 3. 12; Beaumont and Fl., -Woman-hater, ii. 1 (Valerio); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Romelio). -Cp. what Chaucer says of _wafereres_ (C. T. C. 479). - -=waff,= to wave, waft; ‘He waffes [wafts] an armie out of France’, -Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iii, ch. 18; _waft_, waved, beckoned; -Merch. Ven. v. 1. 11. Still in prov. use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. -Waff, vb.^{1} 1), and in the north Midlands (Dr. Henry Bradley). See -=waft= (2). - -=waft,= a passing smell or taste, a ‘twang’. A Mad World, iv. 3 (near -end); spelt _weft_, ‘Ill malting is theft, Wood-dride hath a weft’ (i.e. -malt wood-dried has a tang), Tusser, Husbandry, § 84. See EDD. (s.v. -Waft, sb.^{1} 3). - -=waft,= to wave; ‘Wafts her hand’, Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1 -(Admetus); vol. v, p. 100; to convey by water, King John, ii. 1. 73; 2 -Hen. VI, iv. 1. 116; to invite by a motion of the hand, ‘Whom Fortune -with her ivory hand wafts to her’, Timon, i. 1. 70; Hamlet, i. 4. 78; to -turn quickly, ‘Wafting his eyes to the contrary’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 372; -to float, ‘Satan . . . now with ease wafts on the calmer wave’, Milton, -P. L. ii. 1042. - -=waftage,= passage by water, Tr. and Cr. iii. 2. 11. - -=wafture,= the act of waving; ‘With an angry wafture of your hand’, Jul. -Caes. ii. 1. 246. See =waft= (2). - -=wage,= to stake as a wager; ‘The King hath waged with him six Barbary -horses’, Hamlet, v. 2. 154; King Lear, i. 1. 158; to reward with wages, -Coriolanus, v. 6. 40; to barter, exchange, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 18; to -be opposed in combat, to contend, to strive, ‘To wage against the enmity -o’ the air’, King Lear, ii. 4. 212; Webster, Appius, iii. 1 (Valerius); -iii. 2 (Mar. Claudius). - -=wag-halter.= Once a common term for a rogue or gallows-bird, one who is -likely to make a halter wag or shake; ‘A wag-halter page’, Ford, The -Fancies, i. 2; ‘_Baboin_, a trifling, busie or crafty knave; a crack -rope, wag-halter, unhappy rogue, wretchless villain’, Cotgrave. - -=wagmoire,= a quagmire. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 130. ‘Wagmire’ was -once in prov. use in Glouc. and Devon (EDD.). From _wag_, to shake, see -EDD. (s.v. Wag, 2). - -=wagpastie,= a term of contempt; a rogue; ‘A little wagpastie, A -deceiver of folkes’, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2. - -=wagtail,= a contemptuous term for a profligate woman. Middleton, A -Trick to catch, ii. 1 (Lucre); Shirley, Traitor, ii. 1 (Sciarrha). - -=waift, weft,= a ‘waif’, a thing cast adrift; used by Spenser of a -person, ‘She was flying like a weary weft’, F. Q. v. 3. 27; vi. 1. 18, -_wefte_, iii. 10. 36; _waift_, iv. 12. 31. - -=wailful,= doleful. Two Gent. iii. 2. 69. - -=waistcoat,= a body-dress for a woman, like a man’s waistcoat; sometimes -very costly. When worn without an upper dress, it was considered the -mark of a profligate woman. Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut. ii. 3 -(Leucippe); Woman’s Prize, i. 4 (Livia); Loyal Subject, ii. 4 (Young -Archas). Hence _waistcoateer_, a strumpet, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieut. -i. 1 (2 Usher); Wit without Money, iv. 4 (Luce). - -=wake,= the feast of the dedication of a church, originally the vigil -before the festival; the merry-making in connexion therewith; ‘He haunts -wakes, fairs’, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 109; ‘At wakes and wassails’, L. L. -L. v. 2. 318; _wake-day_, Tusser, Husbandry, § 90. 5. ‘Wake’ is in prov. -use in various parts of England for an annual festival and holiday, -often connected with the dedication of the parish church; the fair held -at such times was also so called, see EDD. (s.v. Wake, sb.^{1} 8). OE. -_wacu_, a watch, a vigil; cp. _wacana_ (‘vigilias’) in Luke ii. 8 -(Lind.). - -=waker,= wakeful. Sir T. Wyatt, The Lover confesseth him (ed. Bell, p. -66); Golding, Metam. xi. 599; fol. 139, bk. (1603). OE. _wacor_, -wakeful, vigilant. - -=wale:= _the wale of cloth_, the ridge or rib in cloth denoting its -quality; ‘Thou’rt rougher far, and of a coarser wale’, Beaumont and Fl., -Four Plays in One: Triumph of Honour, sc. i (Sophocles); Middleton, -Mich. Term, ii. 3 (Easy). ME. _wale_, a stripe (Prompt.). OE. _walu_, a -weal, mark of a blow (Napier, Glosses). - -=wales,= _pl._ springs of water; ‘To cloudes alofte the wales and waters -rise’, Mirror for Mag., Domitius Nero, st. 11; Golding, Metam. ii. 11. -Probably the same word as _wall_, in prov. use for a spring of water in -Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. Wall, sb.^{2} 1). - -=walk the round,= to be one of the watchmen. Massinger, Guardian, iii. 5 -(Severino); to act as a watchman, go the round; B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. -2 (Face). - -=walking mort,= a grown-up unmarried whore; often a pretended widow -(Cant). Described in Harman’s Caveat, p. 67 (Aydelotte, p. 27); cp. -Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico). - -=wallope,= to gallop. Morte Arthur, leaf 90. 33; bk. v, c. 11. In prov. -use in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _walloppyn_, as an -hors (Prompt. EETS. 538), Anglo-F. _waloper_, to gallop (see Bartsch, -544. 26); _galoper_ (Rough List). - -=walm,= a surge, bubbling up of water. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, viii. 87. A -north-country word for ‘a bubbling’ (EDD.). OE. _wælm_, surging water -(Beowulf). - -=walter,= to ‘welter’, roll. Peele, Sir Clyomon, l. 1. Hence -_waltering_, a lolling (as snakes’ tongues), Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, -l. 267 (211 of Latin text); rolling, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 498 -(Latin text). In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of -England and E. Anglia. ME. _walteryn_ (Prompt. EETS. 514). - -†=waltsome,= disgusting, heinous; ‘O waltsome murder’, Mirror for Mag., -Hastings, st. 30. Probably an intended improvement of ME. _wlatsom_, in -an imitation of Chaucer: ‘Mordre is so wlatsom and abhominable’ (C. T. -B. 4243). OE. _wlætta_, disgust, nausea (Sweet). - -=wamble,= to rumble, to roll, to stir uneasily; used of food in the -stomach. Fletcher, Mad Lover, i. 1 (Fool); Lyly, Endimion, iv. 2; -‘_Allecter_, to wamble as a queasie stomach doth’, Cotgrave. In prov. -use in Scotland and in various parts of England north and south, see -EDD. (s.v. 1). ME. _wamelyn_ in the stomak, ‘nausio’ (Prompt. EETS. -538). Cp. Dan. _vamle_, to become squeamish, _vammel_, nauseous -(Larsen). - -=wamentation,= lamentation. Fair Em. i. 2. 73. See =wayment.= - -=wan,= a winnowing-fan. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xi. 163, 164; explained -as ‘a corn-cleanse _fan_’, id., xxiii. 416. L. _vannus_, a -winnowing-fan. See Dict. (s.v. Fan). - -=wanhope,= loss of hope, dejection, despair; ‘Wanhope, poor soule on -broken anchor sits Wringing his armes, as robbed of his wits’, Glaucus -(Nares). Still heard in Lancashire (EDD.). ME. _wanhope_, despair -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 1249). Cp. Du. ‘_wanhope_, dispaire’ (Hexham). - -=waniand:= phr. _in the waniand_, in the waning (moon), i.e. at an -unlucky time; ‘He would . . . make them wed in the waniand’, Sir T. -More, Wks., p. 306 h. ME. _in the waniand_ (Minot, ed. T. Wright, i. -87); ‘In woo to wonne in the wanyand’ (York Plays, p. 124). OE. _on -wanigendum mōnan_ (Leechdoms, i. 320); _wanian_, to lessen, to wane. See -Dict. - -=wanion:= phr. _with a wanion_, with a vengeance, with ill-luck. -Pericles, ii. 1. 17; Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Wife); -B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 5; Eastward Ho (Nares). In prov. use in -Scotland and Ireland. See above. - -=want,= to be without, to lack. King John, iv. 1. 99; Coriolanus, i. 3. -90. Very common in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of England; ‘We -wanted the plague in Scotland, when they had it in England’ (Scoticisms, -105), see EDD. (s.v. Want, vb. 8). - -=want,= absence of a person; ‘_His present want_’ (= the present want of -him, i.e. his being absent at present), 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 44; Shirley, -Witty Fair One, i. 1. 17. - -=wanty,= a horse’s belly-band; a girth used for securing a load on a -pack-horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 5. Still in prov. use in various -parts of England from Yorks. to the Isle of Wight (EDD.). OE. _wamb_ -belly + _tīge_, a band. - -=wanze away,= to wane, vanish, disappear; ‘And all the things that liked -him did wanze away’, Golding, Metam. iii. 501; fol. 38, back (1603); -‘Which wanz’d away againe’ (L. _evanuit_), id., vi. 47. ‘Wanze’ is an E. -Anglian word used in the sense of wasting away. ME. _wanson_, ‘or wanyn -as the mone, _decresco_’ (Prompt.); OE. _wansian_, to lessen. - -=wappe,= to lap, used of the sound of water against the rocks, Morte -Arthur, leaf 425. 5; bk. xxi, c. 5. - -†=wappened,= over-worn (so Schmidt). Timon, iv. 3. 38. Probably a -misprint for _wappered_. ‘Wappered’ is a Glouc. word for tired, fatigued -(EDD.). See =unwappered.= - -=wapper-eyed,= having quick restless eyes, sore-eyed, blear-eyed. -Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, v. 528. Still in use in Devon and -Somerset (EDD.). - -=war;= see =warre.= - -=ward,= a ‘side’, or compartment of the Counter, or prison. There were -two Counters, one in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street. The Counter -had three ‘wards’ or ‘sides’, the Master’s side, the Two-penny Ward, and -the Hole; and it was not uncommon for the debtors, as their means -decreased, to descend gradually from the first to the last. B. Jonson, -Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo); v. 7 (Macilente). - -=ward,= garrison, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 15; the guard at the gate of a -castle, id., iii. 11. 21; custody, prison, ‘To commit one to ward or -prison, In custodiam tradere’, Baret, Alvearie; BIBLE, Gen. xl. 3; 2 -Hen. VI, v. 1. 112; the guard in a prison, Acts xii. 10 (AV. and -Wyclif). - -=ward,= a guard made in fencing, a posture of defence. Temp. i. 2. 471; -1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 215. - -=warden,= a large coarse pear used for baking, Bacon, Essay 46; Wint. -Tale, iv. 3. 48; by pop. etym. a keeping pear; ‘_Poire de garde_, a -warden or winter-pear, a pair which may be kept very long’, Cotgrave; -Beaumont and Fl., Cupid’s Revenge, ii. 3 (Dorialus); spelt _wardon_, -Palsgrave. ME. _wardon_(_e_ (Prompt. and Cath. Angl.). So named from -_Wardon_ (now _Warden_) in Beds. The arms of Wardon Abbey were argent, -three warden-pears, or. See Dict. (s.v. Wardon). - -=warder,= a staff or truncheon carried by one who presided at a -tournament or combat. Richard II, i. 3. 118 (when the ‘warder’ was -thrown down, the fight was stopped). ‘They fight; Robert and the -Palatine _cast their warders_ between them and part them’, Heywood, Four -Prentises (stage-direction); vol. ii, p. 204. - -=ware,= to spend money. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 122; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV -(Hobs), vol. i, p. 43. Very common in the north country; in Yorks. (N. -Riding) they say, ‘He wares nowt, for he addles nowt’, see EDD. (sv. -Ware, vb.^{1} 9). ME. _waryn_ in chaffare ‘mercor’, (Prompt. EETS. 539, -see note, no. 2636). Icel. _verja_, to clothe, to invest money, to -spend. - -=ware,= to bid any one beware; ‘I’ll ware them to mel’ (i.e. I’ll teach -them to beware of meddling), Heywood, Witches of Lancs. iv (Parnell); -vol. iv, p. 234. - -=wareless,= unexpected. Spenser, F. Q. v. 1. 22; unwary, heedless, id., -v. 5. 17. - -=warison,= gift, recompense. Morte Arthur, leaf 186, back, 35; bk. ix, -ch. 22. ME. _warisoun_, requital (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1537); _warysone_ -(Prompt. EETS. 516). Norm. F. _guarison_ (_garison_), ‘vivres, moyens de -subsistance’ (Moisy, 500). - -=warke,= work. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 145; F. Q. ii. 1. 32. A -north-country pronunc., see EDD. (s.v. Work). - -†=warling= (?), in the proverb, ‘Better be an old man’s darling, than a -young man’s warling’, Barry, Ram. Alley, ii (Adriana); Heywood’s -Proverbs (ed. Farmer, pp. 80, 130). [In Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. -45), ‘snarling’ is the word used instead of ‘warling’.] - -=warp.= ‘A pitchy cloud Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind’ (i.e. -working themselves forward—the metaphor is of a ship), Milton, P. L. i. -341. In Scotland used of the flight of a swarm of bees, see EDD. (s.v. -Warp, vb.^{1} 9). - -=warray,= to harass with war, Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 48; Fairfax, Tasso, -i. 6. ME. _warray_, to make war (Barbour’s Bruce, see Glossary); -_werray_ (Wars Alex. 2495); _werreyen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1544). -Anglo-F. _werreier_, to make war (F. _guerroyer_). See Dict. (s.v. War). - -=warre:= in phr. _warre old_; ‘But when the world woxe old, it woxe -warre old (whereof it hight)’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 8. 31. The meaning is -that when the world grew old, it grew _worse_, and that from _warre old_ -or _war-old_, the word ‘world’ is derived; cp. Shep. Kal., Sept., 108, -‘They sayne the world is much _war_ then it wont’. The word ‘warre’ (or -‘war’) is in prov. use in the north country and in Ireland, see EDD. -(s.v. War, adj.^{1}). ME. _werre_, worse (Ormulum, 4898). Icel. _verr_, -adv., _verri_, adj., worse. - -=warrie,= gnarled, knotted. Golding, Metam. viii. 743 (fol. 104; 1603); -also _warryed_, id., xiii. 799. OE. _wearrig_, having callosities, -deriv. of _wearr_, a callosity (Sweet). - -=wary,= to curse. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2266. See EDD. (s.v. Wary, -vb.^{2}). ME. _warien_, to curse (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 1619), OE. -_wergian_. - -=waryish;= see =werish.= - -=washical,= ‘what shall I call’; a name for a thing that one does not -take the trouble to mention. Gammer Gurton’s Needle, v. 2 (Hodge). - -=wasp,= used metaph. for a petulant or spiteful person. Tam. Shrew, ii. -1. 210; Beaumont and Fl., King and no King, iv. 3 (1 Swordsman). So used -in Scotland (EDD.). - -=wassail,= a drinking-bout, a carouse; ‘At wakes and wassails’, L. L. L. -v. 2. 318; Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Hamlet, i. 4. 9; ‘A wassail candle’, 2 -Hen. IV, i. 2. 179 (a large candle lighted up at a feast). The word -‘wassail’, well known in Yorks. in connexion with old Christmas -ceremonies and festivities; for ample details, see EDD. It was -originally a phrase used at a banquet. In Laȝamon, Rowena presents a cup -to Vortigern with the words _wæs hail_ (_wassail_), a salutation, -meaning ‘be hale, be in good health’. O. Sax. _wes hēl_, be hale: so in -the salutation of the Virgin, _hēl wis thu_ = Ave! (Vulgate, Luke i. -28); so also in Anglo-Saxon Gospels, _hāl wes ðu!_ See Dict. - -=waster,= a cudgel; ‘The youthes of this citie have used on holy dayes -. . . to exercise their wasters and bucklers’, Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, -p. 36); Mad Men of Gotham, 19 (Nares); _to play at wasters_, Beaumont -and Fl., Philaster, iv. 3 (Countryman); Burton, Anat. Mel. (Naros); _to -win at wasters_, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, ii. 3 (Candido); -‘_Bastone_, any kind of cudgel, waster, or club’, Florio. - -=Wat,= a name for a hare. Venus and Ad. 697; Drayton, Pol. xxiii. 331; -Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use (EDD.). Properly a pet-name for _Walter_ -(_Water_). - -=watch,= a time-piece, clock. Richard II, v. 5. 52. Probably, a candle -marked out into sections, each of which was a certain portion of time in -burning, Richard III, v. 3. 63. - -=watchet,= pale blue. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 40; Marston, Malcontent, -iii. 1 (Bilioso); Drayton, Pol. v. 13. ME. _wachet_, light blue colour -(Chaucer, C. T. A. 3321). See Dict. - -=Water,= a pronunciation of the Christian name Walter, see 2 Hen. VI, -iv. 1. 35. ME. _Wateere_ or _Water_, ‘propyr name of a man, _Walterus_’ -(Prompt. EETS. 517, see note, no. 2530). Anglo-F. _Gualtier_ (Ch. Rol. -2039), Norm. F. _Waltier_. Of Teutonic origin, cp. OE. _Wealdhere_ -(power + army), see Oldest Eng. Texts, 537. - -=water, to lay in;= See =lay= (5). - -=water-gall,= a second rainbow seen above the first; a fragment of a -rainbow appearing on the horizon; Lucrece, 1588. A Hampshire word, see -EDD. (s.v. Water, 1 (50)). - -=water-rug,= a rough kind of water-dog (?). Macbeth, iii. 1. 94. - -=water-work,= painting executed in water-colour; ‘The German hunting in -water-work’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 158. - -=wawes,= waves. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 4. ME. _wawe_, a wave (Chaucer, -C. T. B. 508); ‘a _wawe_ of the see’ (Wyclif, James i. 6). Icel. _vāgr_, -a wave. - -=wax:= phr. _a man of wax_, Romeo, i. 3. 76 (as pretty as if he had been -modelled in wax); so, _a prince of wax_, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, i. -1 (Megra). Cp. ‘a lad of wax’, ‘a man of wax’, in prov. use in Durham -and west Yorks., see EDD. (s.v. Wax, sb.^{2} 4), where the expressions -are associated with the vb. _wax_ (to grow). - -=waxen,= _pr. pl._, they increase. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 56. The ME. -pres. pl. in the Midland dialect. For the geographical area of the pres. -pl. in _n_, _sn_, see Wright’s English Dialect Grammar, § 435. - -=way,= to go on one’s way, to journey; ‘As they together wayd’, Spenser, -F. Q. iv. 2. 12. - -=way,= to ‘weigh’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 2. 46; ‘Full many things so -doubtfull to be wayd’, id., iv. 1. 7; to esteem, ‘All that she so deare -did way’, id., vii. 6. 55. - -=wayment,= to lament. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 16. ME. _waymenten_ -(Chaucer, C. T. I. 230). Norm. F. _guaimenter_, _waimenter_: ‘Les -virgines d’els ne guaimenterent’ (Ps. lxxvii. 69, ed. Michel, 111); see -Moisy. - -=wealth,= welfare, prosperity. Merch. Ven. v. 1. 249; Hamlet, iv. 4. 27; -‘The thinges that shuld have bene for their welth’ (AV. welfare), Ps. -lxix. 23 (A.D. 1539); ‘wealth, peace and godliness’, Prayer Book -(Collect for King). ME. _welthe_, prosperity, well-being (Gower, C. A. -ii. 1207). - -=weanell;= see =wennel.= - -=wear,= the fashion, that which is worn; ‘It is not the wear’, Meas. for -M. iii. 2. 78. - -=wearish;= see =werish.= - -=weather:= phr. _To make fair weather_, to conciliate another with fair -words, Much Ado, i. 3. 25; 2 Hen. VI, v. 1. 30. Cp. the proverb, ‘Two -women placed together make foul weather’, Hen. VIII, i. 4. 22. - -=weather-fend,= to ‘defend’ from the weather. Tempest, v. 1. 10. - -=weave,= to float backwards and forwards; ‘Amidst the billowes beating -of her, Twixt life and death long to and fro she weaved’, Spenser, F. Q. -v. 4. 10. See EDD. - -=weaver,= a fish, having sharp spines; the _Trachinus draco_, or _T. -vipera_. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 167. Cp. ME. _wivere_, a serpent (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. iii. 1010); Anglo-F. _wivre_, a serpent, viper; esp. in -blazon; L. _vipera_, a viper; see Dict. (s.v. Wyvern). - -=web and pin,= a disorder of the eyesight. King Lear, iii. 4. 122; _pin -and web_, i. 2. 291. From _web_, a film; and _pin_, a small spot. In E. -Anglia ‘web’ is used for a film over the eye, see EDD. (s.v. Web, 4). - -=weel,= a wicker trap or basket used for catching eels, &c. Heywood, -Anna and Phillis, vol. vi, p. 309; Tusser, Husbandry, § 36, st. 31. In -gen. prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.). - -=weeld,= the ‘weald’ of Kent; ‘I was born and lerned myn englissh in -Kente in the weeld’, Caxton, Historyes of Troye, preface. See Dict. -(s.v. Weald). - -=ween,= to suppose, think; _wend_, pt. t., Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 11. -ME. _wenen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1655); OE. _wēnan_. - -=Weeping Cross.= Nares notes that there were at least three crosses so -named, near Oxford, Stafford, and Shrewsbury respectively. _To come -home_ (or _return_) _by Weeping Cross_, to repent of an undertaking, -Lyly, Euphues, p. 243. - - ‘He that goes out with often losse, - At last comes home by Weeping Crosse,’ - -Howell, Eng. Prov.; Ray’s Proverbs (ed. Bohn, p. 22). - -=weerish;= see =werish.= - -=weesel,= weasand, windpipe. Peele, David, ed. Dyce. p. 465, col. 2. -Spelt _wizzel_, Mayne, City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). Cp. Bavarian -dial. _waisel_, the gullet of animals that chew the cud (Schmeller). - -=wee’st heart,= woe is the heart (of me)! Congreve, Love for Love, ii. 1 -(Nurse). ‘Wae’s t’ heart,’ ‘Wae’s heart of me,’ are Yorks. exclamations; -‘Wae’s my heart’ is of frequent occurrence in Scottish poetry, see EDD. -(s.v. Woe, 2). - -=weet,= wet; ‘Till all the world is weet’, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 33. -This is a common pronunc. of ‘wet’ in the north country and E. Anglia -(EDD.). ME. _weet_, wet (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4107). OE. _wǣt_. - -=weet,= to know, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 6. Fairfax, Tasso, v. 86. This is -a northern pronunc. of ‘wit’ (to know), see EDD. (s.v. Wit, vb.). ME. -_wetyn_, to know (Prompt. EETS. 545). - -=weft,= see =waft= and =waift.= - -=wefte,= abandoned, avoided, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 4. 36. - -=weird:= in phr. _the weird sisters_, used of the three witches, as -foretelling destiny, Macbeth, iv. 1. 136. The expression is taken from -Holinshed’s Chronicle of Scotland; it was used by Gawin Douglas (Virgil, -80, 48) for the Parcae or Fates; ‘_Cloto, una de tribus parcis quae -finguntur regere vitam hominis, anglice_, one of the thre Weyrde -systers’, Pynson’s Ortus Vocabulorum (ed. 1509). See Grimm, Teut. Myth. -407. See =werd.= - -=weld,= to wield, govern. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 32; vi. 8. 11; Shep. -Kal., Oct., 40; to wield, to carry, Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 4. 35; _to -weld oneself_, to erect oneself, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 699 (L. _se -tollit_). ME. _welden_, to wield, to control (Chaucer, C. T. D. 271), to -move with ease (C. T. D. 1947). - -=welk,= to fade, to grow dim (of the sun in the west). Spenser, F. Q. i. -1. 23; to cause to grow dim, ‘But nowe sadde Winter welked hath the -day’, Shep. Kal., Nov., 13. Cp. prov. use of ‘welk’ in the sense of to -fade, to wither (used of plants, see EDD., s.v. Welk, vb^{1}). ME. -_welke_, to wither (Chaucer, C. T. D. 277). Cp. G. _welken_, to wither. - -=welked,= withered, faded; ‘Her wealked face with woful teares -besprent’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 12. ME. _welked_, -withered (Chaucer, C. T. D. 277). - -=welked,= curved, twisted, applied to horns; ‘Welked horns’, Golding’s -Ovid, occurring three times, pp. 60, 107, and 122 (ed. 1603); ‘Hornes -welkt and waved like the enraged Sea’, King Lear, iv. 6. 71; ‘And -setting fire upon the welked shrouds’ (i.e. the curved clouds), Drayton, -Barons’ Wars, vi. 39 (Nares). - -=welkin,= the sky; ‘Look on me with your welkin eye’ (i.e. heavenly or -sky-blue eye), Winter’s Tale, i. 2. 136. ME. _welken_, the sky (Chaucer, -Hous F. iii. 1601). OE. _wolcen_, a cloud, also _wolcnan_, clouds. Cp. -G. _wolke_, a cloud. - -=well-a-near,= alas!, alack-a-day!; - - ‘The poor lady shrieks, and well-a-near, - Does fall in travail with her fear,’ - -Pericles, iii, Prol. 51; Look about You, sc. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -vii. 397. An obsolete north-country exclamation—written _well-aneer_ -and _well-an-ere_ (EDD.). - -=well-liking,= in good condition, plump, L. L. L. v. 2. 268; ‘They . . . -shalbe fatt and well lykenge’, Ps. xcii. 13 (Great Bible, 1539). - -=well said!,= really meaning ‘well done!’, Westward Ho, ii. 2 -(Birdlime). Common. - -=Welshman’s hose.= Nares takes this to mean ‘no hose at all’, as -denoting something non-existent or wholly indefinite; but perhaps the -Welshman of the phrase was accused of wearing his ‘hose’ hind part -before; ‘The lawes wee did interprete and statutes of the land, Not -truely by the texte, but newly by a glose: And wordes that were most -playne, when they by us were skand, Wee tourned by construction to a -Welshman’s hose’, Mirror for Mag., Tresilian, st. 15. - -=wend;= see =ween.= - -=wennel,= a weaned animal. Tusser, Husbandry, § 20, 28; ‘A lamb or a kid -or a weanell wast’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 198 (_weanell wast_ -prob. means ‘a stray weanling’). ‘Wennel’ is an E. Anglian word for a -weaned calf (EDD.). - -=went,= a path, a way; ‘Tract of living went’ (i.e. trace of living way, -of any way which living men use), Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 47; v. 4. 46; v. -6. 3. ‘Went’ in many applications is in prov. use in many parts of Great -Britain; see EDD. ME. _wente_, a way, passage (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. -787). - -=werd,= fate, destiny; ‘The wofull werd’, Sackville, Mirror for Mag., -Induction, st. 63. In prov. use in this sense in Scotland, see EDD. -(s.v. Weird, 1). ME. _werd_, fate, destiny (Wars Alex. 3247); _werdis_, -destinies (Barbour’s Bruce, ii. 329). OE. _wyrd_, fate, destiny; -_Wyrde_, the Fates. Parcae, The Weird Sisters (B. T.). Icel. _Urðr_ (in -poetry), one of the Norns, see Grimm, Teut. Myth, 405. See =weird.= - -=werish,= tasteless, insipid; ‘Dawcockes, lowtes, cockescombes and -blockhedded fooles were . . . said _betizare_ to be as werishe and as -unsavery as beetes’, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 85; ‘Werysshe as -meate is that is nat well tastye, _mal savouré_’, Palsgrave; _wearish_, -weak, delicate, puny, sickly-looking, ‘A wretched wearish elfe’, -Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 34; _weerish_, Drayton, Pol. xxix. 62; _waryish_, -Golding, Metam. ii. 776. See Nares (s.v. Wearish). In prov. use, in many -forms, in various parts of Great Britain, see EDD. (s.v. Wairsh). - -=werwolf,= a man changed into a wolf by enchantment; ‘She made hym seuen -yere a werwolf’, Morte Arthur, leaf 397, 17; bk. xix, c. 11; _warwolf_, -Drayton, Man in the Moon, 13. ME. _werwolf_ (Will. of Palerne, 80), MHG. -_werwolf_, a man-wolf; cp. Med. L. _gerulphus_ (Ducange), OF. _garou_, -cp. F. _loup-garou_ (Hatzfeld). See Dict. - -=wetewold,= a ‘wittol’, a contented cuckold. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, -187; Assembly of Gods, 710 (see Notes by Dyce, on Skelton, ii. 305). See -=wittol.= - -=wet finger:= phr. _with a wet finger_, easily, readily. Beaumont and -Fl., Cupid’s Revenge, iv. 3 (Citizen); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. -5; id., Gul’s Hornbook; Heywood’s Proverbs (ed. Farmer, p. 95; see -Word-List). It prob. means as easy as turning over the leaf of a book, -or rubbing out writing on a slate with a wet finger, or tracing a lady’s -name on the table with spilt wine (Farmer). - -=wethering,= weathering, seasoning due to exposure to weather. Latimer, -Sermon on the Ploughers (ed. Arber, p. 24). In prov. use in Norfolk, see -EDD. (s.v. Weather, vb. 8). - -=wexing,= waxing (as the moon). Dryden, Annus Mirab., st. 4. ME. _wexe_, -to grow (Wyclif, Matt. xiii. 30). - -=wharrow,= a little instrument fixed on a spindle for the string of the -‘turn’ to run in; a small pulley on a spindle. Skelton, El. Rummyng, -298. See passage from Guillim’s Display of Heraldry (ed. 1724, p. 300), -quoted in EDD. (s.v.). Cognate with OE. _hweorfa_, the ‘whorl’ which -helps to turn the spindle (B. T.). - -=what,= whatsoever thing; ‘Such homely what as serves the simple -clowne’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 9. 7; ‘Come downe and learne the little what -that Thomalin can sayne’, Shep. Kal., July, 31. - -=whelk,= a pimple, blotch. Hen. V, iii. 6. 108. A Derbyshire word, see -EDD. (s.v. Whelk, sb.^{2}). ME. _whelke_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 632). - -=when,= (?) an exclamation of impatience. Short for ‘_when_ will you do -what is bidden you?’, Webster, Duch. of Malfi, ii. 1 (Duchess); iv. 2 -(Bosola). Common. - -=whe’r,= whether. Often spelt _where_. Tempest, v. 1. 111; King John, i. -1. 75. - -=where,= whereas; wherever; whence. L. L. L. ii. 1. 103; Mids. Night’s -D. v. 1. 93; Hen. V, iii. 5. 15. - -=whereas,= where that, where. 2 Hen. VI, i. 2. 58; Pericles, i. 4. 70. -Not uncommon. - -=where-some-ere,= wheresoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 2. G. -_Wheresomever_ is heard in Lanc. (EDD.). - -=wherrit, whirrit,= a blow, a thump, a smart box on the ear. Fletcher, -Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet); ‘A whirret on the eare’, Kendall, Flowers -of Epigrammes’ (Nares). Still in prov. use in the north (EDD.). - -=wherry;= see =whirry.= - -=whether,= which of the two. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 6. 352, ‘Whether of -them twayne’, Tyndale, Matt. xxi. 31. - -=whether whether were,= which was which. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 10. - -=whether,= whither. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 35. - -=whew,= to whirl, to hurry; ‘I whew it away’, Buckingham, The Rehearsal, -ii. 4. 7. So in the Lake country, ‘He whew’d his clog throo t’window’, -see EDD. (s.v. Whew, vb.^{2} 2). - -=whiblin,= a trick, device. Marston, Insatiate Countess, ii. 2 (Rogero). -Cp. =quiblin.= Cp. the obsolete Dorset word ‘whibble’, to lie (EDD.). - -=whiblin,= an impotent creature; a term of contempt. Dekker, Honest Wh., -Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo). See =whimling.= - -=whids,= words; _to cut bene whids_, to speak good words (Cant). -Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). [_A rousing whid_, a great lie, -Burns, Death and Dr. Hornbook, st. 1.] The Slang Dict. (1874) says that -_whid_ for a ‘word’ or a ‘falsehood’ is modern slang from the ancient -cant. - -=whiff,= a special way of taking tobacco; ‘Capers, healths, and whiffs’, -Marston, What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure); _taking the whiff_, B. -Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, Character of Shift (prefixed to the -play). - -=whiffler,= an officer who clears the way for a procession. Henry V, v, -chorus, 12; Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 523. ‘Whifflers’ (fifers) -usually went first in a procession; the term was then applied to those -who went forward (without any musical instrument) to clear the way for -the procession of a sovereign or of a city corporation. See Nares; and -EDD. (s.v. Whiffle, vb.^{1} 1 (2)). - -=whiffler,= a puffer of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 -(Chough). - -=whig,= whey, sour milk, buttermilk. Greene, Description of the -Shepherd, l. 29; ed. Dyce, p. 304. Cp. the Linc. expression, ‘As sour as -whig’ (EDD.). - -=whigh-hie, wi-hee,= a sound imitative of the neighing of a horse. B. -Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Sogliardo); Fletcher, Women -Pleased, iv. 1 (Bomby). Hence, _wyhee_, v., to neigh; Marston, The Fawn, -iv. 1 (Dondolo). - -=while,= until. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4 (Tamb.). Macbeth, iii. 1. -44; Richard II, i. 3. 122; see Schmidt. Very common in the north, also -in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. While, 6). - -=whiles,= until; ‘Whyles tomorowe’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 83; Twelfth -Nt. iv. 3. 29. See EDD. (s.v. Whiles, 4). - -=whimling= (a term of contempt), a poor creature. Beaumont and Fl., -Coxcomb, iv. 7 (Mother). Probably the same word as ‘wimbling’, also -written ‘whimbling’, used in the Midlands of plants that are long, thin, -and of feeble growth, see EDD. See =whiblin= (2). - -=whimp,= to whimper; ‘Wil whympe and whine’, Latimer, Sermons (ed. -Arber, p. 77). Cp. the prov. words ‘wimp’ and ‘whimper’ in EDD. - -=whip,= to move quickly. Sackville, Induction, st. 5; Much Ado, i. 3. -63; _to whip out_, to draw out quickly, ‘He whips his rapier out’, -Hamlet, iv. 1. 10. See EDD. - -=whip-cat,= drunken; ‘_Whip-cat_ bowling’, drunken emptying of bowls, -Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 367. See Halliwell. In Worc. a -‘whip-cat’ means a farmer’s feast after bean-setting, see EDD. (s.v. -Whip, 1 (4)); ‘To whip the cat’, to get tipsy (Halliwell). - -=whip-her-ginney,= the name of a game of cards. Mentioned in Taylor’s -Works (Nares). Spelt _whip-her-jenny_, ‘a game at cards, borrowed from -the Welsh’, Halliwell. - -=whip-her-jenny,= a term of contempt, Two Angry Women, iv. 3 (Coomes); -Halliwell. - -=whip-jack,= a sham sailor who begs. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 -(Moll); used as a term of reproach generally, ‘One Boner, a bare whippe -Jacke for lucre of money toke upon him to be thy father’, Bp. Ponet in -Maitland on Reformation, p. 74. [‘Sir Charles Grandison is none of your -gew-gaw whip-jacks that you know not where to have’, Richardson, -Grandison, vi. 156.] See Davies. - -=whipstock,= the handle of a whip. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 28; Two Noble -Kinsmen, i. 2. 95. Also, a carter; as a term of abuse, Tomkis, -Albumazar, iv. 4 (end). The equivalent term _whipstalk_ occurs in the -Spanish Tragedy (Nares). - -=whirlbat,= a ‘cestus’, or weighty boxing-glove. Dryden, Pref. to -Fables, § 3 from end. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, viii. 285; written -_whoorlbat_, id., Iliad xxiii, 538. See Davies (s.v. Whirly-bat). - -=whirlpit,= a whirlpool. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 223; Sandys, -Paraph. Exod. xv; Marmyon’s Fine Companion; Holland, tr. Ammianus -(Nares). - -=whirlpool,= a sea-monster of the whale kind; perhaps the cachalot or -sperm-whale, which is distinguished from other whales by its peculiar -manner of blowing; ‘A whale or a whirlepoole’, BIBLE, Job xli. 1 -(marginal rendering of Leviathan); Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 23; ‘_Tinet_, -the Whall tearmed a Horlepoole or Whirlepoole’, Cotgrave; Holland’s -Pliny, bk. ix, ch. 3; spelt _wherlpoole_, Drayton, Pol. xx. 100; -_wherpoole_, id., xxv. 174. See Wright, Bible Word-Book. - -=whirry,= to whirl along, to whirl away, to hurry off, Stanyhurst, tr. -Aeneid, iii. 611; _wherry_, Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Agripyne); -_whurry_, Taylor’s Works (Nares); _whorry_, Herrick, To Bacchus, a -Canticle. See EDD. (s.v. Whirry, vb. 3). - -=whisket,= a pandaress, The London Chanticleers, sc. 2 (Jenniting). - -=whiskin,= a wanton person, Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1 (Secco); a -pandaress, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iv. 2 (Steward). See -=pimp-whiskin.= - -=whist,= to keep silence; ‘They whisted all’, Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1; -‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, ii. 1; put to silence, ‘So was -the Titanesse put downe and whist’, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 59; as adj., -still, silent, ‘Where all is whist and still’, Marlowe, Hero and L. -(Nares); ‘All the companie must be whist’, Holinshed, Desc. of Ireland -(ed. 1808, p. 67); ‘The winds with wonder whist’, Milton, Hymn Nat. 64; -_whistly_, silently, Arden of Feversham, iii. 3. 9. ME. _whist!_ -(Wyclif, Judges xviii. 19). See =whust.= - -=whister,= a blow; _Whisterpoop_, a smart blow or smack on the ear or -‘chops’, London Prodigal, ii. 1. 68 [A Linc., Somerset, and Devon word -(EDD.)]; _Whistersnefet_, Udall, tr. Apoph., Diogenes, § 72 [Cp. -_whistersniff_, a Hampshire word (EDD.)]. See Davies. - -=white,= the central circle on an archery butt. Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 186; -‘_Blanc_, the white or mark of a pair of butts; _Toucher au blanc_, to -strike the white, to hit the nail on the head’, Cotgrave. - -=white,= used in expressions of endearment: _white boy_; ‘Such a brave -sparke as you, that is your mother’s white boy’, Two Lancashire Lovers -(Nares); Knight of the Burning Pestle, ii. 2 (Mrs. Merrythought); Ford, -’Tis Pity, i. 3; Yorkshire Tragedy, iv. 120; Two Angry Women, iii. 2 -(Mall); ‘I shall be his little rogue and his white villain’, Return from -Parnassus, ii. 6 (end). - -=whitemeat,= food made of milk, eggs, bread, and the like. Northward Ho, -i. 2 (Philip); B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, iv. 1 (Fallace); used -attrib. and metaph., ‘Your whitemeat spirit’, Beaumont and Fl., Four -Plays in One, Pt. II, sc. 2. 13. - -=white money,= silver coin. Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 -(Galatea). In use in Scotland, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1. 160). - -=white-pot,= a dish made of milk, eggs, and sugar, &c., boiled in a pot. -Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 4 (Eyre); Butler, Hud. i. 1. 299; -Spectator, No. 109, § 4. ‘Whitpot’ is the name of a favourite dish in -Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. White, 1 (64)). See Nares. - -=white powder,= a white kind of gunpowder. It does not appear to have -existed; but there was a theory that a white gunpowder would explode -without noise. Discussed by Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. ii, ch. 5, -sect. 5. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, ii. 2 (Laverdine). See -Nares. - -=whiting-mop,= a young whiting. Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, ii. 2; -metaph. a fair lass, Massinger, Guardian, iv. 2. So _whiting_, Skelton, -El. Rummyng, 223. - -=whiting-time,= bleaching-time. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 140. - -=whitleather,= white leather, leather dressed with alum, and very tough. -Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 4; ‘In thy whitleather hide’, Beaumont and Fl., -Scornful Lady, v. 1 (Elder Loveless). - -=whitster,= a bleacher of linen. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 15; Pepys, Diary, -Aug. 12, 1667; _whitstarre_. Palsgrave. ‘Whitster’s Arms’ is still a -common alehouse sign in Lanc. (EDD.). ME. _whytestare_, ‘candidarius’ -(Prompt. EETS. 526, see note, no. 2565). See Bardsley’s Surnames, 328, -329. - -=whittle,= a small clasp-knife. Timon, v. 1. 183; Middleton, The Widow, -iii. 2 (Francisco). In gen. prov. use in this sense, see EDD. (s.v. -Whittle, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _thwitel_, a knife (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3933), -deriv. of _thwiten_, to pare or cut little pieces from a thing; OE. -_þwītan_, to cut out, cognate with Icel. _þveit_, a piece of land, -common in place-names in the north of England, e.g. Seathwaite, -Langthwaite, Postlethwaite. - -=whittled,= drunk, intoxicated. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 2 (Lucio); -_whitled_, Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 498, l. 4. See Nares. Given as an -obsolete prov. word in use in the north of England (EDD.). Cp. the slang -term ‘cut’ for tipsy, somewhat drunk, see EDD. (s.v. Cut, ppl. adj.). - -=whome,= home; ‘He wil paye whome’, Latimer, pref. to 2 Sermon bef. King -(ed. Arber, p. 48). So pronounced in Wilts. and Shropshire; in north -Devon ‘whum’, see EDD. (s.v. Home). - -=whoobub,= hubbub. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 629; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 5. (or -6) 35; _whobub_, Beaumont and Fl., iv. 1 (Soto). - -=whoop!,= an exclamation. King Lear, i. 4. 245; Hence, _to whoop_, ‘The -shepheard whoop’d for joy’, Drayton, Shepherd’s Garland; ‘We are -whoop’d’ (i.e. cried ‘whoop’ upon), Fletcher, Maid in a Mill, iii. 2 -(Franio). - -=whoorlbat;= see =whirlbat.= - -=whorry;= see =whirry.= - -=who-some-ere,= whosoever. Greene, Alphonsus, i. 1. 15. So also -_where-some-ere_, wheresoever, id., i. 2. 6. A parallel formation to -_whosoever_, with the Icel. conj. _sem_ (Norw. dial., Danish and Swedish -_som_), as, that, sec EDD. (s.v. Howsomever). - -=whot, whott,= hot. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 58; ii. 5. 18. - -=whule,= to cry plaintively, to whine, howl. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, -xii. 135; Palsgrave, p. 785. A Suffolk word, see EDD. (s.v. Whewl). - -=whurry;= see =whirry.= - -=whust,= to keep silence; ‘They whusted all’, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, ii. -1; to leave anything unsaid, ‘The libertie of an hystorie requireth that -all shoulde bee related and nothing whusted’, Holinshed’s Chronicles -(Nares); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 357. See =whist.= - -=wicker,= pliant; ‘Bird! how she flutters with her wicker wings!’, B. -Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Æglamour). - -=widow,= to endow with a widow’s right, to jointure. Meas. for M. v. 6. -153. - -=widowhood,= a widow’s right, a jointure. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 125. - -=wigher,= to neigh as a horse. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. -2 (Dindimus). Cp. G. _wiehern_, to neigh. - -=wight, wyght,= active. Morte Arthur, leaf 172, back, 30; bk. ix, c. 4; -‘Wyght or stronge, _fort_’, Palsgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91. -In prov. use in the north of England (EDD.). ME. _wight_, active -(Chaucer, C. T. B. 3457). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Wight). - -=Wild:= _the Wild of Kent_, the Weald of Kent, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 60; ‘I -was borne in the wylde of Kent’, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 268). In EDD. -we find that the Weald of Sussex is always spoken of as _The Wild_ by -the people who live in the Downs, and the inhabitants of the Downs call -the dwellers of ‘The Wild’ _the wild people_. ‘The Wild of Surrey’ is -described in Marshall’s Review (1817, v. 355). The same word as the adj. -‘wild’, see Dict. (s.v. Weald). - -=wildered,= bewildered. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 682. In prov. use -in Scotland (EDD.). - -=wilding,= a crab-apple. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 2 (Maudlin); Warner, -Albion’s England, iv. 20. Still in prov. use in the Midlands and in the -west country (EDD.). - -=will,= to desire, signify one’s will to. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt -(Arundel), ed. Dyce, p. 188; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii, l. 50. - -=willow,= worn as an emblem of unhappy love. Much Ado, ii. 1. 194, 225; -‘Wear the willow garland’, 3 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 100; ‘A green willow must -be my garland’, Othello, iv. 3. 50. - -=wilsome, wylsome,= wandering, devious; ‘Wylsome wayes’, Morte Arthur, -leaf 124. 11; bk. vii, c. 22. In Scotland ‘wilsome’ is used in the sense -of bewildered, lonely, dreary, desolate; see EDD. (s.v. Will, adj. 1 -(3)). ME. _wylsum_: ‘Mony wylsum way he rode’ (Gawayne, 689); _wilsom_ -(Wars Alex. 4076, 5565). Icel. _villr_, bewildered, erring, astray. - -=wimble,= quick, lively, active. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 91; -Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2 (Feliche). In prov. use in the north of -England and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Wimble, adj.). - -=winbrow,= an eyebrow. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270, back, 12. Low G. -_winbrāwe_, an eyebrow (Lübben); cp. OHG. _wintbrāwa_, _wintbrā_, -_winbrā_, an eyebrow (Schade). - -=windlace,= a winding or circuitous way; ‘By slie driftes and windlaces -aloofe’, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 46; ‘Fetching a windlesse’, -Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 270); _windlasses_, pl., Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; -spelt _winlas_, Golding, Metam. vii. 784 (= L. _gyrum_). - -=windore,= a window. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 59; Diogenes, § -120; Butler, Hud. ii. 2. 369. Still heard in Glouc. (EDD.). - -=window-bars,= lattice-work, cross-work of narrow bands across a woman’s -bosom. Timon, iv. 3. 116. - -=wind-sucker,= a kestrel; used _fig._ for a covetous person. B. Jonson, -Sil. Woman, i (end). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Wind, sb.^{1} 1 (40)). -See Nares. - -=winlas;= see =windlace.= - -=winter-ground,= to cover up in the ground so as to protect plants from -the winter; ‘Furr’d moss . . . To winter-ground thy corse’, Cymbeline, -iv. 2. 229. - -=wirt,= a smart box on the ear. North, Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 6 (in -Shaks. Plut., p. 112). See =wherrit.= - -=wis;= see =iwis.= - -=wish,= to commend one to another. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 113; Match at -Midnight, iv. 1 (Sim). - -=wishly,= with eager desire; ‘To putte on his spectacles and pore better -and more wishely with his olde eyen on Saynt Johns ghospell’, Sir T. -More, Works, p. 1134 (Richardson); Palsgrave, p. 613. - -=wisket,= a small basket; ‘Wysket, _sportula_’, Levins, Manipulus. In -prov. use in various parts of England; see EDD. - -=wistly,= attentively, observingly; ‘She . . . wistly on him gazed’, -Lucrece, 1355; Venus and Ad. 343; Passionate Pilgrim, 82; Richard II, v. -4. 7. Perhaps the same word as _whistly_, silently, and so, with mute -attention. See =whist.= - -=wit:= _The five wits_, the five faculties of the mind, common sense, -imagination, fancy, estimation, memory, Much Ado, i. 1. 67; Sonnet cxli, -9. See Nares. - -=wit,= to know. Greene, James IV, iv. 2. 3; Pericles, iv. 4. 31; 1 Hen. -VI, ii. 5. 16. ME. _witen_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1324). OE. _witan_. -See =wist, wot.= - -=wite,= to blame. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 16; Shep. Kal., Aug., 136; -_wite_, blame, F. Q. vi. 3. 16. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and -in the north of England (EDD.). ME. _witen_ (_wyten_), to blame, -reproach (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. i. 825), OE. _wītan_. - -=with, wyth,= a twisted band of willow; ‘A wyth take him!’ (i.e. hang -him—said of an Irishman), Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iii. 2 (1 -Servant); ‘An Irish Rebell condemned, put up a Petition to the Deputie, -that he might be hanged in a With, and not in an Halter, because it had -beene so used with former Rebels’, Bacon, Essay 39. In prov. use; see -EDD. (s.v. With, sb.^{1}). See Dict. (s.v. Withy). - -=withal= = with, as placed at the end of the sentence. As You Like It, -iii. 2. 328; used in the sense of likewise, besides, at the same time, -BIBLE, 1 Kings xix. 1; Ps. cxli. 10; Acts xxv. 27; ‘Though he be merry, -yet withal he’s honest’, Taming Shrew, iii. 2. 25; Bacon, Essay 58; phr. -_to do withal_, ‘They fell sick and died: I could not do withal’ (i.e. I -could not help it), Merch. Ven. iii. 4. 72; Northward Ho, iv (Doll); -Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 2 (Urse). See Wright’s Bible Word-Book. - -=withdrawing-chamber,= (the modern) drawing-room. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. -Lumby, p. 24). - -=witness,= a sponsor in Baptism, a godfather or godmother. B. Jonson, -Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Littlewit); Magn. Lady, iv. 3. 16. So in Devon -(EDD.). - -=wittol,= a tame cuckold knowing himself to be so. Merry Wives, ii. 1. -3; B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 1 (Mosca); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, -iii. 2 (Gomere); ‘_Jannin_, a wittall, one that knows and bears with or -winks at his wife’s dishonesty’, Cotgrave. Bp. Hall uses the form -_witwal_, which may be the older form, ‘Fond wit-wal, that wouldst load -thy witless head With timely horns before thy bridal bed’ (Sat. i. 7. -17). The word orig. was a name for the green woodpecker, ‘_Godáno_, a -witwall, a woodwall’, Florio. The ‘witwall’, like the cuckoo, was the -subject of ribald jests. In Cheshire and Glouc. ‘witwall’ is a name for -the woodpecker; in Suffolk a contented cuckold is called a ‘wittol’; see -EDD. See =wetewold.= - -=wizzel,= weasand, windpipe. The City Match, iii. 4 (Quartfield). See -=weesel.= - -=woe,= sad, sorrowful. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 53; Temp. v. 1. 139; 2 Hen. -VI, iii. 2. 73. In the north country very common in prov. use, -pronounced _wae_: ‘I would be wae for the wife’s sake’, see EDD. (s.v. -Woe, 3). - -=woman-tired,= henpecked; ‘Thou art woman-tired, unroosted by thy dame -Partlet here’, Wint. Tale, ii. 3. 74. - -=wondered,= gifted with power to perform miracles; ‘So rare a wonder’d -father’, Temp. iv. 1. 123. - -=wone, won,= spellings of one; ‘Let no suche a wone prepare unto himself -manye horsses’; Latimer, Sermons (ed. Arber, p. 32); ‘Att _won_ houre’, -Tyndale, Rev. xviii. 10 (1526). So also _wons_, once; Qu. Elizabeth, tr. -of Boethius, bk. i, met. 3. See Index to Wright’s English Dialect -Grammar (s.v. One). - -=wonne,= to dwell. Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 39; iii. 1. 2; _wonned_, pt. t. -Shep. Kal., Sept., 181; _woon_, pr. t. subj. dwell, may dwell; Virgil’s -Gnat, 18. ME. _wone_, to dwell (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1573), OE. _wunian_, -to dwell. - -=wonne,= dwelling, habitation. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 20 ME. _wone_, a -dwelling (P. Plowman, C. iv. 141). - -=wood,= mad, furious with rage or temper. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 192; 1 -Hen. VI, iv. 7. 35. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and the north of -England down to Linc. (EDD.). ME. _wood_, mad (Chaucer, C. T. A. 184). -OE. _wōd_. - -=wood-bind,= woodbine. Shirley, Love Tricks, ii. 2 (Cornelio); -_wood-bind tree_, id., iv. 2 (Felice); Drayton, Pol. xv. 152. ME. -_wodebynde_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1508). OE. _wudebinde_ (Voc. 137. 5). - -=woodcock,= a simpleton. Much Ado, v. 1. 158. Because a woodcock was -easily caught in nets set for it at twilight in glades; cp. =cockshut.= -‘Go, like a woodcock, And thrust your neck i’ the noose’, Beaumont and -Fl., Loyal Subject, iv. 4 (Theodore). - -=wooden dagger.= Such a dagger was worn not only by the ‘Vice’, or -buffoon in old plays, but also sometimes by the domestic fool; Fletcher, -Noble Gentleman, v. 1 (Longueville). For ‘dagger of _lath_’, see Twelfth -Night, iv. 2. 136. _A wooden dagger_ could also be used as a -crumb-scoop, to clear the table of fragments after a meal; see Beaumont -and Fl., Coxcomb, ii. 1 (Mercer). - -=woodquist,= a wood-pigeon, ring-dove; ‘A Stock-dove or woodquist’, -Lyly, Sapho, iv. 3. 3. Also _quist_ (_queest_); ‘_Phavier_, a Ringdove, -Queest, Coushot, Woodculver’, Cotgrave. [With _phavier_, cp. O. Prov. -_colom favar_, ‘pigeon ramier’ (Levy)]. ‘Quist’ (‘queest’), a -wood-pigeon, is in prov. use in various parts of the British Isles -(EDD.). See NED. (s.v. Queest). - -=woodsere,= the time of year when there is little sap in a tree. Tusser, -Husbandry, § 53. 15, § 51. 6. (The time meant has been said to be -between Midsummer and Michaelmas; it was thought that wood cut at that -season would not grow again.) In E. Anglia the word ‘wood-sere’ is used -for the month or season for felling wood, see EDD. (s.v. Wood, sb. 1 (34 -b)). - -=woodspeck,= a woodpecker. Golding, Metam. xiv. 314 (L. _picum_); fol. -171 (1603); _Specke_ is a Norfolk word for the woodpecker (EDD.). Cp. -Du. _specht_, a woodpecker (Hexham). G. _specht_. - -=Wood Street,= the Compter prison in Wood Street, London. Middleton, -Phœnix, iv. 3 (1 Officer). See Stow’s Survey (ed. Thoms, p. 111). - -=woolfist,= a puff-ball. Wily Beguiled, Prologue. For _wolf-fist_; Gk. -L. _lycoperdon_, which has the same sense; see Weigand, Germ. Dict. -(s.v. Bofist). - -=woolward:= in phr. _to go woolward_, i.e. in wool only, without linen, -often enjoined as a penance by the Church of Rome; ‘I have no shirt, I -go woolward for penance’, L. L. L. v. 2. 717; ‘He went woolward and -barefooted to many churches’, Stow’s Annals, H. 7 (Nares); ‘Wolworde, -without any lynnen nexte ones body, _sans chemyse_’, Palsgrave. ME. -_wolleward_ (_wolward_), see Pricke of Conscience, 3514; P. Plowman’s -Crede, 788; P. Plowman, B. xviii. 1 (see note, p. 395). [It is probable -that the ME. form _wolleward_ is due to popular etymology, and that the -word properly represents an OE. *_wullwered_, clothed in wool, cp. -_swegelwered_, clothed with heavenly brightness. The corruption would be -natural, when the sense of _wered_ was lost, as -_ward_ was a common -suffix. The phr. ‘to go woolward’ cannot be genuine: it could only mean -‘to go towards wool’, which is not the sense (Dr. Henry Bradley). See -note on the word ‘woolward’ in Mayor and Lumby’s edition of Beda’s -Eccles. Hist., p. 347.] - -=woose,= ‘ooze’, soft mud, Phaer, Aeneid iii, 606; _wose_, id., ii. 135. -Hence _woosy_, full of soft mud, Drayton, Pol. xxv. 205. ME. _wose_, mud -(Wars Alex. 413). OE. _wōs_; see Napier’s Glosses, 1818. - -=woose,= to ooze, Golding, tr. Ovid, fol. 127. See Dict. - -=word,= a motto; ‘And round about the wreath this word was writ, _Burnt -I doe burne_’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 4. 38; ‘His word which on his ragged -shield was writ, _Salvagesse sans finesse_’, id., iv. 4. 39. - -=world;= ‘It is a world’, i.e. it’s wonderful (to see), Much Ado, iii. -5. 38; Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 313. _To go to the world_, to get married, -Much Ado, ii. 1. 331; _a woman of the world_, a married woman, As You -Like It, v. 3. 5. - -=worm,= to remove what was called the _worm_ from under a dog’s tongue; -a supposed preventive of his going mad; ‘I should have wormed you, sir, -for [to prevent your] running mad’, Ford, ’Tis pity, i. 2 (Vasque). - -=wot,= in use as the present tense of the vb. _wit_, to know; ‘I wot not -what rule ye keep’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. Arber, 255); ‘I wote not’, -BIBLE, Gen. xxi. 26 (in RV. ‘I know not’); ‘God wot’, Richard III, iii. -2. 89. ME. preterite-present _I wot_, _thou wost_, _he wot_, pl. _witen_ -(Chaucer); OE. _ic wāt_, _þū wāst_, _he wāt_, pl. _witon_. Tudor and -later English have much false grammar with respect to this verb: Shaks. -has _wotting_ (for _witting_}, _wots_ (for _wot_), _wot’st_ (for -_wost_); and _wotteth_ (for _wot_) is found in the Bible, Gen. xxxix. 8 -(in RV. ‘knoweth’). - -=wrabbed,= perverse, hard to manage; ‘So crabbed, so wrabbed, so stiff, -so untoward’, Jacob and Esau, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 211. See Nares. - -=wrack,= destruction, loss; ‘The wrack of maidenhood’, All’s Well, iii. -5. 24; ‘The commonwealth hath daily run to wrack’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 127; -destruction by sea, shipwreck, Venus and Ad. 454; to ruin, destroy, -Hamlet, ii. 1. 113; _wracked_ (_wrackt_), shipwrecked, Meas. for M. iii. -1. 225. See Dict. (s.v. Wreck). - -=wrall,= to quarrel, to grumble. Tusser, Husbandry, § 101. 4; ‘This my -tongue-wralling’, Webster, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, -iv. 120. - -=wrawl,= to make an inarticulate noise, to caterwaul; ‘Cats that -wrawling still did cry’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 12. 27. Cp. ME. _wrawhre_, -‘traulus’ (Prompt. EETS. 40, see note, no. 181). See NED. (s.v. -Caterwaul). - -=wray,= to disclose. Gascoigne, Works, i. 41. ME. _wreye_, to bewray. -reveal (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3503); also, _bewreye_, ‘The conseil is -bewreid’ (Gower, C. A. v. 6785). OE. _wrēgan_, to denounce, accuse. See -Dict. (s.v. Bewray). - -=wread,= to wreathe, to twist, twine, curl; ‘The snake about him -wrigling winding wreades’, Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, xi. 753. See EDD. (s.v. -Wreath, sb.^{1} 7). - -=wreak,= vengeance. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, ii. 3 (M. -Tullius); Knight of Malta, iv. 1 (Zanthia); ‘wrathful wreakes’, angry -acts of vengeance, Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 43; 12. 16; to avenge, punish, -F. Q. ii. 3. 13. Hence _wreakful_, full of vengeance, Titus And. v. 2. -32. ME. _wreke_, ‘vindicta, ulcio’ (Prompt.); _wreken_, to avenge -(Chaucer, C. T. C. 857). OE. _wrecan_, to punish. - -=wreak,= to ‘reck’, to care. As You Like It, ii. 4. 81 (ed. 1623); -Marlowe, tr. Ovid’s Elegies, ii. 11. 22; _wreaked_, recked, Spenser, -Shep. Kal., Dec., 29. Hence _wreakless_, reckless, careless, 3 Hen. VI, -v. 6. 7. Cp. EDD. (s.v. Wreak, vb.). OE. _rēcan_ (pret. _rōhte_), to -rack, care for (Sweet); see Wright, OE. Gram., § 534. - -=wrest,= a tuning-key for a harp. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 23. - -=wretchock,= the smallest pig of a litter; smallest chicken in a hatch; -a diminutive creature. B. Jonson, Gipsies’ Metam. (Jackman); Skelton, -Elynour Rummyng, 465. A Worc. word for the smallest pig of a litter -(EDD.). - -=wries;= see =wry.= - -=wrig,= to turn aside. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, iii. 573 (L. -_contorsit_). In prov. use in the Midlands, meaning to writhe (EDD.). - -=writhe,= to turn aside, misdirect. Ferrex and Porrex, i. 2 (Gorboduc). - -=writhled,= wrinkled, shrivelled, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 23; Gascoigne, ed. -Hazlitt, i. 42; l. 9. - -=wroken,= _pp._, revenged. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 108; Muiopotmos, -99; _wroke_, Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. ME. _wroken_, revenged (Chaucer, -Tr. and Cr. i. 88); _wroke_ (P. Plowman, B. ii. 194); but Chaucer and P. -Plowman have also the regular _wreken_, pp. of _wreke_, to avenge; OE. -_wrecen_, pp. of _wrecan_. See Wright, OE. Grammar, § 505. - -=wrote,= to grub up, as a hog; ‘His earth-wroting snout’, Return from -Parnassus, iii. 4 (Furor). ME. _wrotyn_, as swyne ‘verro’ (Prompt. EETS. -547), OE. _wrōtan_. - -=wroth,= sorrow, vexation; ‘I’ll keep my oath, patiently to bear my -wroth’, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 78. - -=wry,= to turn aside, go aside. Cymbeline, v. 1. 5; ‘_Wries_, and -wriggles’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 1 (Rowland). ME. _wrien_, to -turn aside (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 906), OE. _wrigian_. - -=wun,= dwelling, abode. Sackville, Mirror for Mag., Induction, st. 23. -See =wonne= (2). - -=wusse;= see =iwis.= - -=wych,= wich-elm, witch-elm. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 113. - -=wyhee;= see =whigh-hie.= - -=wyte,= to blame; see =wite.= - - - - - X - - -=xeriff,= a ‘Sherif’, a title of the descendants of Mohammed. Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Muley-Moluch); id., Conquest of Granada, i. 1. -_Xarife_, the Spanish way of writing =sherif= (q.v.), Port. _xarife_, -‘chérif’ (Roquette). - -=xeriff,= a Portuguese coin worth about 300 reis (Portuguese). Dryden, -Don Sebastian, i. 1 (Mustapha), Port. _xarafím_, Arab, _sharîfî_ or -_ashrafî_, a gold coin often mentioned in the Arabian Nights, see Dozy, -Glossaire, 353; cp. Med. L. _seraphus_, in Baumgarten, Peregrinatio, 23; -see Dozy, Glossaire, p. 534. See Stanford (s.v. Xerafin). - - - - - Y - - -=yall;= see =yawl.= - -=yarage= (applied to ships), the capability of being managed at sea; -‘Light of yarage’, North, Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 35 (in Shaks. Plut., -p. 208); ‘heavy of yarage’, id., § 35 (p. 211). - -=yare,= quick, ready. A word freq. used by Shaks., often given to -sailors. Temp. v. 1. 224; Meas. for M. v. 2. 61; ‘The lesser ship . . . -is yare, whereas the greater is slow’, Ralegh (Nares); _yarely_, -readily, Temp. i. 1. 4. _Yare_ is in prov. use in the north (EDD.). ME. -_yare_, ready: ‘Terens let make his shippes yare’ (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. -2270;. OE. _gearu_, ready, equipped. - -=yark,= to jerk. Drayton, Pol. vi. 51; to pull forcibly as shoemakers do -in securing the stitches of their work; ‘Yark and seam, yark and seam’ -(Eyre); ‘For yarking and seaming let me alone’ (Firk), Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, iii. 1. See the story of Watt Tinlinn in note to -Scott’s Lay of the Last Minstrel, iv. 4. In reply to the Englishman’s -taunt, ‘Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots’, Watt retorted, -discharging a shaft which nailed the captain’s thigh to his saddle, ‘If -I cannot sew, I can yerk’. As sb. a jerk; ‘_Tire_, a kick, yark, jerk’, -Cotgrave. See =yerk.= - -=yarum, yarrum,= a cant term for milk; see =popler.= - -=yate,= gate. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 224. In prov. use in the north -and in the north Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Gate, sb.^{1} 1 (9)). ME. -_ȝate_, a gate (Wyclif, Ps. cxvii. 20). OE. _geat_. - -=yaw= (of a ship), to move unsteadily; used _fig._ Hamlet, v. 2. 120; a -devious course, Massinger, A Very Woman, iii. 5 (Antonio). Icel. _jaga_, -to move to and fro (as a door on its hinges). - -=yaw,= to cut down; _yawde_, for _yawed_, pp., Skelton, Colyn Cloute, -1206. (In the next line we have _sawde_ for _sawn_, pp.) In Hants. and -Devon ‘yaw’ is the prov. pronunc. of ‘hew’, and is used in the sense of -mowing or cutting wheat with one hand and with a reaping-hook, see EDD. -(s.v. Hew, vb.^{1} 4). - -=yawd,= a nag, a ‘jade’. Brome, Jovial Crew, iv. 1 (Randal). In prov. -use in the north, see EDD, (s.v. Yad). The same word as ‘jade’. _Yawd_ -is derived directly from Icel. _jalda_, a mare, whereas _jade_ comes to -us through northern French: _jalda_ < *_jaude_ < _jade_. - -=yawfrow,= a young lady, a mistress. Davenant, The Wits, ii. 1. Du. -_joffrouw_, a gentlewoman, mistress, miss; _jonkvrouw_, a young lady; -_Jonkvrouw A._, Miss A. (Sewel). - -=yawl,= to howl, bawl; to scream like an infant; spelt _yall_, Death of -E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Doncaster), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 242; -Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 22; _yawling_, a bawling, Dekker, -Shoemakers’ Holiday, ii. 3 (Margery). In prov. use in various parts of -England, see EDD. (s.v. Yawl, vb.^{1} 1). - -=yblent,= obscured; ‘The faithfull light of that faire lampe yblent’, -Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 1; blinded, ‘With love yblent’, id., Shep. Kal., -April, 155. See =blend.= - -=ybowne,= ready to depart. Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 140. ME. -_boun_, ready to go (Chaucer, C. T. F. 1503). See Dict. (s.v. Bound, 3). - -=y-clept, y-clep’d,= called, named. Milton, L’Allegro, 12. Spelt -_y-clipped_; Ram-Alley, iii. 1 (Puff). See =clepe.= - -=y-cond,= taught. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 11. -(Misused; _to con_ is to learn.) See =cond.= - -=yearn,= to vex, grieve; ‘It would yearn your heart’, Merry Wives, iii. -5. 45; ‘It yearn’d my heart’, Richard II, v. 5. 76 (in quartos _ernd_); -‘It yearns me not’, Hen. V, iv. 3. 26. Hence _yearnful_ (_yernful_), -mournful, Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 7. See =earn= (to grieve). - -=yearne,= to give tongue as hounds do, to bay, Turbervile, Hunting (ed. -1575, pp. 181, 186, 240); see =yorning.= - -=yearne,= to earn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 40; vi. 7. 15. OE. -_ge-earnian_, _earnian_, to earn. - -=yede, yeed,= improperly used as an infin., to go. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. -5; ii. 4. 2 _yeade_, pr. pl. (improp. used), Shep. Kal., July, 109; -_yode_, pt. s. went, id., May, 22, 233; _yod_, Golding, Metam. vi. 330. -ME. _yede_, went (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1141); _ȝede_, _ȝeode_ (P. Plowman), -OE. _ge-ēode_ (and _ēode_), went. See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. Eode). - -=yeding,= going. Sackville, Mirror of Mag., Induction, st. 30. - -=yelden,= submissive; ‘The fierce lion will hurt no yelden thinges’ -(i.e. creatures that have submitted), Sir T. Wyatt, To his ladie cruel -over her Yelden Lover, 4; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 62. See =yold.= - -=yellow.= Bands dyed with _yellow starch_, much used by Mrs. Turner, -became unfashionable when that infamous woman was hung (Nov. 15, 1615) -for being concerned in the murder of Sir Thos. Overbury; but not very -long after they were again in use. ‘Hateful As yellow bands’, The Widow, -v. 1 (Martia); ‘Disliked your yellow starch’, Beaumont and Fl., Queen of -Corinth, iv. 1 (Tutor). - -=yellow breeches, to wear,= to be jealous. Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. -2 (Stephano). _Yellow_, as the hue of jealousy, Middleton, A Fair -Quarrel, ii. 2. 14. - -=yellow-hammer,= (jocosely) a gold coin. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 -(2 Guard). - -=yellowness,= jealousy. Merry Wives, i. 3. 111. - -=yellow-pate,= the yellow-hammer, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 75. - -=yellows,= jaundice in cattle. Tam. Shrew, iii. 2. 54. In prov. use, see -EDD. (s.v. Yellow, 4). - -=yelt,= a young sow; ‘A youngling yelt of brestled sow’, Twyne, tr. of -Aeneid, xii. 170. In prov. use in the north and in E. Anglia, see EDD. -(s.v. Gilt, sb.^{1}). - -=yeoman-fewterer,= the man who, under the huntsman, took care of the -dogs, and let them slip at the right moment. Massinger, Picture, v. 1 -(Ricardo); Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); B. Jonson, Every Man out of -Humour, ii. 3. See Nares (s.v.), and =fewterer.= - -=yerde,= a rod, a staff. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 6. ME. -_yerde_ (Chaucer). OE. _gierd_, a rod. - -=yerk, yirk,= to lash with a whip. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 44; Marston, -Sat. i. 3, p. 184 (Nares); _yarke_, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 489. Hence, -_yerking preferment_, a promotion to punishment with a whip, Shirley, -Opportunity, ii. 1 (Pimponio); to kick out strongly, Hen. V, iv. 7. 84; -Tusser, Husbandry, § 64; to thrust smartly, Othello, i. 2. 5. This word -is in prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland, pronounced in -many ways, with the meanings (among others), to jerk, to pull forcibly; -to lash with a switch or whip, to kick as a horse does, see EDD. (s.v. -Yark, vb.^{1} 1, 5, 7). See =yark.= - -=yert:= in comb. _yert-point_, lit. ‘jerk-point’; the name of a childish -game; perhaps similar to blow-point. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). It -may have been a name for spelicans. ‘Yert’ belongs to the group of -words: _jerk_, _yerk_, _jert_, see Cotgrave (s.v. Tire). - -=yfere,= together. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 1; vi. 6. 31; Shep. Kal., April, -68; Sackville, Induction, st. 74. ME. _yfere_, together (Chaucer, C. T. -B. 394), also _in-fere_ (C. T. B. 328, D. 924); orig. _in fere_, in -company. OE. _on heora gefére_, in their company (Luke ii. 44). - -=yfet,= _pp._ fetched. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 647. See =fet.= - -=yield,= to reward; ‘The gods yield you for’t’, Ant. and Cl. iv. 2. 23; -spelt _’ild_, ‘How do you pretty lady?—Well, God ’ild you!’, Hamlet, -iv. 5. 41; Macbeth, i. 6. 13. ‘God yield you’ is still in prov. use in -Cheshire (EDD.). ME. _God yelde yow_, God requite you (Chaucer, C. T. D. -1772). - -=ying,= young; ‘The lilly . . rysing fresche and ying’, Dunbar, The -Thistle and the Rose, 22. ME. _ȝing_, young (Barbour’s Bruce, xx. 41). - -=yirk;= see =yerk.= - -=ylike,= alike, all the same; ‘Ylike to me was libertee and lyfe’, -Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec., 36; F. Q. i. 4. 27. ME. _yliche_ (_ylike_), -like, similar; also as adv., alike, in like manner (P. Plowman). OE. -_gelīc_, similar, equal; _gelīce_, equally, in the same way, in a -similar way. - -=ynde,= indigo, dark blue. Morte Arthur, leaf 114, back. 27; bk. vii, c. -11. OF. _inde_, ‘de couleur d’azur’ (Didot); Med. L. _indium_, ‘genus -coloris caerulei’ (Ducange), for L. _indicum_, indigo, orig. of India, -Indian. - -=yod;= see =yede.= - -=yold,= _pt. t._ yielded. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 25. As pp., id., vii. -7. 30. ME. _ȝolden_, pt. pl. and pp. of _ȝelden_, to yield (Wars Alex. -2326, 2378). See Dict. M. and S. (s.v. ȝelden). - -=yomenne,= ‘yeomen’; the pawns in the game of chess. Fitzherbert, -Husbandry, Prol. 20. - -=yond.= This word occurs in the following passages: ‘Then like a lyon -. . . wexeth wood and yond’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 40; ‘As Florimel fled -from that monster yond’, id., iii. 7. 26; ‘Those three brethren, -Lombards fierce and yond’, Fairfax, tr. Tasso, i. 55. It seems to be a -synonym of ‘fierce’. - -=yond,= yonder, thither. Tempest, i. 2. 409; Richard II, iii. 3. 91. In -prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland (EDD.). ME. _yond_, -yonder (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1099). OE. _geond_, ‘illuc’ (Matt. xxvi. 86, -Rushworth). - -=yorning,= giving tongue as hounds do. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, -c. 18, § 5; see Croft’s Glossary. See =yearne= (1). - -=yote,= to water, soak; ‘Yoted wheat’, Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xix. 760. A -west-country word, ‘The brewer’s grains must be well yoted for the -pigs’, Grose (1790), see EDD. See below. - -=yoten,= _pp._ melted. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 8, § 5. ME. -_ȝotun_, molten (Wyclif, Job xli. 6, Ps. cv. 19), pp. of _yeten_, to -pour (Chaucer), OE. _gēotan_. - -=youl,= to howl, to squall like an infant. All Mistaken, i. 1 (near -end); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xv. 337. Hence _youling_, ib., i. 1 -(Philidor); in the same, xv. 332. In gen. prov. use in all -English-speaking countries; see EDD. (s.v. Yowl). ME. _youling_, loud -lamentation (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1278). - -=youngth, yongth,= youth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 20; Muiopotmos, 34. -ME. _ȝongthe_ (Wyclif, Luke xviii. 21). - -=ypight,= _pp._ pitched, placed. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 33. See =pight.= - -=ysam,= together. Spelt _ysame_ (riming with _ram_ and _swam_). Spenser, -F. Q. vii. 7. 32. See =sam.= ME. _ysamme_, together (P. Plowman, A. x. -193), OE. _samen_, together (Sweet). - -=y-vound,= found. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay). - -=ywus,= ‘_ywis_’, certainly. Golding, Metam. i. 754 (riming with -_thus_), fol. 13, back (1603). See =iwis.= - - - - - Z - - -=zabra,= a small sailing vessel, in use in the Bay of Biscay; _zabraes_, -pl.; Dekker, Wh. of Babylon, Works, ii. 256. Span. _azábra_, ‘a small -sort of Bark us’d in some parts of Spain’; _Zábra_, ‘a sort of Vessel -once us’d in Biscay from 100 to 200 Tun Burden, and serv’d for Fishing -or Privateering, now laid aside’ (Stevens). Port, _zabra_ (Roquette). -See Stanford (s.v. Azabra). - -=zambra,= a Moorish festival, with music and dancing; a festive dance. -Dryden, Conquest of Granada, I, i. 1 (l. 11 from end). Span. _zambra_, -‘a Moorish dance’ (Stevens). ‘A la rigueur _zambra_ signifie musique -d’instruments à vent; on l’a appliqué à la danse parce que l’on danse au -son des larigots et des flûtes’ (Cobarruvias). _Zambra_ is from the -Arabic root _zamara_, to play on a wind instrument, Dozy, Glossaire, -364. - -=zany,= a subordinate buffoon, who mimicked the clown. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. -96; cp. L. L. L. v. 2. 463. Ital. ‘_záne_, the name of _John_ in some -parts of Lombardy, but commonly used for a silly John, a simple gull, or -foolish Clown in a Play or Comedy, as a Jack pudding at the dancing of -the ropes’ (Florio). See Stanford. - -=zany,= to imitate apishly, to mimic. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, i. 2 -(Crates); Lover’s Progress, i. 1 (Clarinda). - -=zecchine,= a gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Shirley, Gent. of Venice, i. 1 -(Cornari); Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 79. Ital. _zecchino_, a Venetian -coin, deriv. of _zecca_, ‘a mint or place of coyning’ (Florio), Arab. -_sikka_, coin; _dâr as-sikka-t_, a mint (Steingass). - -=zelant,= a zealot. Bacon, Essay 3. Med. L. _zelans_; see Ducange (s.v. -Zelare). - -=zelatour,= a zealot, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, ch. 27. Med. L. -_zelator_, ‘aemulator, inimicus’ (Ducange). - -=zernick,= orpiment. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Arab. _zernîkh_, -arsenic (Steingass), Pers. _zernīχ_, orpiment, yellow arsenic; from -_zar_, gold. A word of Indo-European origin. See Academy (May 11, 1895, -p. 427), and Horn’s Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (1893, § -691). - - - - - OXFORD: HORACE HART M.A. - PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -The original spelling has not been modified, with the exception that the -capitalisation of Midlands has been made consistent. - -Punctuation is largely reproduced as in the original. End-of-line -hyphens have been removed to rejoin words as appropriate, but other -hyphenation is as in the original. Punctuation has been added silently -is a small number of places where it is obviously missing as a result of -a typesetting or printing error. - -The references to EETS. are to the Early English Text Society -publications. - -While it is not stated in this book, it is inferred that it follows the -practice of the Oxford English Dictionary in which: - -* indicates a word or form not actually found, but of which the -existence is inferred, - -† signifies an obsolete word, - -[...] in a quotation, it surrounds an editorial insertion, - -[...] while around an entire quotation, it indicates a quotation is -relevant to the development of a sense but not directly illustrative of -it. - -. . . obtained from the OED web site. - -[End of _A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words_, by Walter William Skeat, - edited by Anthony Lawson Mayhew] - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Glossary of Stuart and Tudor Words, by -Walter William Skeat - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A GLOSSARY *** - -***** This file should be named 62809-0.txt or 62809-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/2/8/0/62809/ - -Produced by Delphine Lettau, Howard Ross & the online -Distributed Proofreaders Canada team at -https://www.pgdpcanada.net from page images generously -made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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